National English Skills 7

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2 Texts and contexts What is context? Texts are not created in isolation. There are many influences and factors that affect the creation of a text and the way the audience responds to it. To understand past and present artistic works, you need to know something about the background in which they were composed. Looking at the context of a text will enable you to discover new meanings. Context includes the surrounding circumstances, background and setting of a particular situation or event. It will help you appreciate texts if you take into consideration their personal, social, cultural, historical and political contexts. Personal context The experiences and background of authors and other artists have a considerable effect upon the texts they create. Authors draw inspiration for their writing from their own life experiences and the lives of those around them. The biography of any author will show that most of the following factors play a role in their output: gender culture friendships age beliefs religion interests attitudes ethnicity life experiences occupation education values family ideology Interview Oodgeroo Noonuccal was a famous poet who grew up on Stradbroke Island, off the Queensland coast near Brisbane. When she was 16, her ambition was to become a nurse, but she was prevented from beginning nursing studies because she was an Aborigine. 1: Texts–purpose 2: and audience contexts 9
In adulthood, Oodgeroo turned to poetry to gain a wider audience for her work as an Aboriginal rights activist. She wrote her poems to show that, although her people had been dispossessed of their land and their culture, their faith in the earth could be retained and could nourish a rebirth of the old Aboriginal traditions and values. She wrote: ‘the earth is the permanent mother of the Aboriginal people’. Oodgeroo’s description of her childhood on Stradbroke Island is taken from an interview that she gave to radio commentator Terry Lane. •• Growing up on Stradbroke Island •• I was second-last in a family of seven children and my father, who worked for the government, got three pounds a week plus rations to feed the kids. We’d have died on the rations if we didn’t know how to live Aboriginal-style. We belonged to the Noonuccal tribe of Stradbroke Island and although we were receiving a white education we were still receiving the education of Aboriginals on how to survive. We threw all the white man’s tucker away. The tapioca— what muck!—we fed to the chooks, and we lived on parrots and bandicoots and dugong and fish and mud oysters, which we call ‘quampee’. Dugong tastes smashing. We only took three a year, which was our limit. When you cook dugong it looks like a piece of corner-cut topside, but it’s much nicer than that. Our delicacy from the dugong was the bacon which one of the old men used to cure for us. And grumpii sausage, made from the intestine of the dugong, was another favourite. Each family, according to its size, got a piece of the intestine and when the tide was in, my mother used to get us to take it out into the water and play tug-of-war with it. We didn’t know it then, but of course we were cleaning it out in the salt water. Then she would boil it, and while the intestine was boiling she would mix the heart, liver and flesh and put herbs from the garden into it and use that to stuff the sausage. She would tie it at the end and boil it again. The Scots call it ‘haggis’! It’s very, very rich and very beautiful. Bandicoot tastes like chicken. We all had bandicoot traps. You can’t really knock the balance of bandicoots because they breed every month—seven kids a month! They’re still on the island in droves, because we no longer eat them. We believed that if we ate them while we had a full belly we’d be punished. That’s why we leave the dugong alone now because we feel if we took it now, when we have plenty of white man’s food, the good spirit would punish us by taking one of the tribe. from As the Twig is Bent, edited by Terry Lane 10 National English Skills 7
Page 1 and 2: WORKBOOK National English Skills 7
Page 3 and 4: This edition published in 2021 by M
Page 5 and 6: 4 Recounting.......................
Page 7 and 8: 15 Fantasy ........................
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgements The author and pub
Page 11 and 12: Look at these two texts: a road sig
Page 13 and 14: Advertisement Fresh eggs, Creamier
Page 15 and 16: Magazine covers $7.95 cycling for e
Page 17: • • • Identifying purpose and
Page 21 and 22: So serious have these problems beco
Page 23 and 24: Diary Samuel Pepys is famous for hi
Page 25 and 26: Language Introducing nouns A noun i
Page 27 and 28: Nouns—qualities Complete each sen
Page 29 and 30: Through the dialogue of the charact
Page 31 and 32: Plays and films Plays, films, telev
Page 33 and 34: Novels A novel has all the features
Page 35 and 36: Comic strips Comic strips are narra
Page 37 and 38: Using proper and common nouns to co
Page 39 and 40: 4 Recounting What is a recount? Rec
Page 41 and 42: How well did you read? 1 Why had th
Page 43 and 44: Tuesday, 7 July 1992 Dear Mimmy, Th
Page 45 and 46: Animals Select the correct collecti
Page 47 and 48: 5 Informing What is an information
Page 49 and 50: 6 What happens when a tsunami enter
Page 51 and 52: • • • • Writing an informat
Page 53 and 54: Making adjectives Complete each phr
Page 55 and 56: Checking spelling and meaning Write
Page 57 and 58: 23 The day of the year when an even
Page 59 and 60: Spelling rules How to form noun plu
Page 61 and 62: Adding ‘ing’ 1 When changing th
Page 63 and 64: 7 Looking at the movies Camera shot
Page 65 and 66: 2 Look at the White Witch and the s
Page 67 and 68: Film posters Charlie and the Chocol
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Shrek 2 There have been four Shrek
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• • • Creating a fantasy stor
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8 The Dreaming and beyond Stories f
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The dispossessed Oodgeroo Noonuccal
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The stolen children The words ‘th
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The English also borrowed new words
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Greek words in English There are ma
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9 Words in action Your success as a
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Vocabulary building Key words For e
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Synonyms and antonyms A synonym is
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Using antonyms Select an antonym fr
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10 Multimedia texts What is a multi
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Understanding multimedia 1 What is
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3 List the five major sections on t
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Understanding multimedia 1 What doe
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2 Design a website Imagine that you
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Plot The plot is the novel’s stor
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Structure A winter scene District i
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Describing the setting 1 Where is t
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•• Robyn •• Meeting the cha
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Determination But I wondered if Cap
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12 Poets paint word pictures What i
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Identifying similes Identify the si
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Comprehending the metaphor 1 Throug
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6 ‘And howls and hollos long and
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5 Who are the ‘surgeons in shirt-
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13 The short story What is a short
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All the same, there was something s
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3 Why don’t the other kids like t
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14 Heroes What is a hero? A hero is
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How well did you read? 1 What is th
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out to his father for help, but Dae
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8 The sailors tied him to the mast
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Modality can be strong, moderate or
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15 Fantasy What is fantasy? Fantasy
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4 ‘How cold you look’. What phy
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How well did you read? 1 What is th
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lnserting adverbs Replace the words
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16 Let’s punctuate When we are sp
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Full stops, question marks and excl
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Commas and capitals Rewrite the fol
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8 the ranger declared californian r
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Whose indicates possession. Whose c
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How well do you read? 1 Why had the
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Clauses Language Clauses and animal
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Animal words The sounds of animals
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the ground trembling, the grass tea
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Giving a speech Careful planning an
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Presentation suggestions 1 Use your
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Your imaginary speech I am: Introdu
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Back-of-the-book dictionary accumul
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National English Skills 7

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