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TECHNOLOGYfocus PIM to AIM David Chadwick recently discussed the evolution of management needs - from the design and construction of a building to its occupation and maintenance - with Mervyn Richards We talk glibly about using information accrued during the design and construction processes of a project to build an asset information model to 'operate' the building, but the information required and the management processes involved in each part of the project are somewhat dissimilar, to say the least. Given that the whole of life of a project is many times the duration of its construction, it might be useful to understand more fully the needs of the Asset Manager. I am grateful to Mervyn Richards OBE for his help in providing me with a comprehensive background on CDEs and their role in the procurement and delivery processes of a project, and an insight into the development of the sets of information required to operate and maintain the project throughout its complete lifecycle. The Common Data Environment (CDE), is a process that manages, collates and distributes shared information collated during the design and development phases of any project that uses BIM processes and workflows. It produces a Project Information Model (PIM) which is handed over to the client after construction, providing a full record of the projects audit trail, construction processes, components and materials, published documents and communications between members involved in the project. Handed into the clients' 'custody', the PIM is there to be used in the event of a failure in its intended purpose and used as evidence in the event of litigation, or to support ongoing construction projects on the project. Some data is added directly to objects within the 3D model or extracted and added to other information within the Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie) spreadsheet, and handed over at project completion and integrated with asset management systems, such as computeraided facilities management (CAFM) or asset management databases. Projectrelated documentation, such as operation and maintenance manuals, as-built drawings and data enriched models in industry foundation classes (IFC) format, will also be provided. Although it will form the basis of the Asset Information Model (AIM), the information available within the CDE and subsequently the PIM, is not totally compatible with the information required by Asset Managers tasked to manage the purpose or function of a building. Facilities or Asset Managers therefore need to keep a separate record of the maintenance and operation of a building, creating a separate audit trail maintained by whichever software solution is related to each function - either within the AIM, or separately, dependent on the software being used. To maintain an AIM within a BIM workflow, information requirements should also include organisation information requirements (OIR), asset information requirements (AIR) and, of course, exchange information requirements (EIR) to facilitate sharing of information between processes and procedures. 18 July/August 2022
TECHNOLOGYfocus WHAT IS ASSET MANAGEMENT? You could probably write the list yourself, but the discipline of asset management involves everything that you would need to handle the maintenance of a building: asset registers; drawings; contracts; licences; legal, regulatory and statutory documents; policies; standards; guidance notes; technical instructions; procedures; operating criteria; asset performance and condition data - and all previous asset management records. To compound the problem further, the project may involve the refurbishment of a building, or ongoing construction - which means incorporating surveyed or scanned data in various formats within the BIM. Additional building work, or further refurbishment, will require an up-to-date PIM of the project to be released to the contracted builder, employed under the terms of a new contract, and used subsequently to update the building's AIM. OIRS AND AIRS OIRs (organisation information requirements) are documents that define the setup of the asset management system. A high-level document, it covers information requirements such as data format, function and responsibilities and delivery programmes. The earlier this is set up the better, as it enables the organisation to integrate a project's needs towards a common purpose. The OIR is used to develop a detailed AIR document which defines the data and information required in an AIM to support asset management activities. It also forms the client's brief and outlines the purpose of the building and the employer's goals. The development of an AIR takes time and effort but a comprehensive AIR will significantly improve the process of developing the AIM. Whilst the AIR may begin as a series of notes taken from AIR development workshops, it should be developed into a digital plan of deliverables and specified as part of a contract or an instruction to asset managers. Sometimes the OIR and the AIR overlap, with the AIR propagating the client's CAFM solution being used to define or influence the clients OIR - occurring on some Government contracts where FM/AM is outsourced to third parties and the information list not made available. DELIVERABLES In addition to the legal and managerial responsibilities outlined in the OIR, an AIR should be able to provide information on the operational costs for maintenance, heating, lighting, cleaning and catering. The costs of planned and preventive maintenance should be based on minimum standards of repair, and could even include the cost of defect liabilities if problems aren't fixed. To manage all of this the AIR must include technical records for all installed equipment, their maintenance schedules with unique identification details and locations, structural survey records, and data supplied by environmental monitoring sensors, together with all associated drawings and documents. Outlining the deliverables that must be produced during the design process enables project managers to make decisions to continue the design and construction, or to ascertain whether the requirements are capable of being met within the budget. Records must be kept of maintenance activity, based on specified maintenance philosophies, listing inspections, their due dates and results, H&S inspections including asbestos registers, and management if applicable. The AIR defines the data and information required in an AIM and should be produced collaboratively, setting up workshops for information users to help them understand the full range of information required to meet all asset management activities. WHAT CONSTITUTES AN AIM? Like BIM an AIM should be a single source of truth, but could comprise multiple databases, file stores or bidirectional links to other enterprise systems. Its contents should be validated using a defined IMP and integrated, i.e. supporting interoperability and core information management with BIM level 2 intelligent, federated models. The AIM should comprise two parts: a file store containing 'published' files such as documents, reports, surveys, drawings and, where appropriate or at BIM Stage 2, geometric 3D federated models, as well as a data store comprising non-geometrical structured data - a relational database that should be referentially and relationally maintained. INTEGRATED LIFECYCLE BIM CDE SOLUTIONS Asset information is managed thereafter using its own common data environment (CDE) and workflow for collecting, managing and disseminating information within a managed process (BS EN ISO 19650-1:2018; BSI 2019a) and facilitating collaboration between project and asset stakeholders. Suppliers of AIM systems usually classify CDEs for either the design/build phase of a project or its operation as OPEX and CAPEX. Companies working in this area include Bentley Systems (following its acquisition of GroupBC) and gliderbim, Trimble Connect for engineering and construction projects, Oracle's Aconex and Viewpoint for Projects. Typically provided via a Project Sharer, or through MS SharePoint, Lifecycle BIM CDEs allow facility designers, builders and owners to collect and share information and visualise it in 2D and 3D, integrating the information with other solutions, such as CAFM, CMMS, BAS, SCADA and GIS. The IFC file sharing format is used to facilitate the sharing and viewing of 3D Models with external systems and with FMs and AMs with access to visualisation solutions, but who will not be formally CAD trained. In its simplest format the CDE may be accessed via a project server or SharePoint but establishing it should be a main priority. It should also provide adequate validation processes for asset data and work in progress, and should set out functions and responsibilities prior to 'sharing' with the team. It should also maintain an audit trail to be used in the event of disputes or to look back at historical changes. It's a big issue, generating lots of theoretical guidance and uncoordinated standards, but not much practical activity. We'll be revisiting the subject in our next issue when we take a closer look at ISO et al. July/August 2022 19
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Page 14 and 15: TE3CHNOLOGYfocus Visualising carbon
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