Virtual Machines – Architectures, Implementations, and ... - Hot Chips

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The Family of Virtual Machines � Lots of things are called “virtual machines” IBM VM/370 Java VMware Some things not called “virtual machines”, are virtual machines IA-32 EL Dynamo Transmeta Crusoe August 2005 VM Intro (c) 2005, J. E. Smith 10
Taking a Unified View “The subjects of virtual machines and emulators have been treated as entirely separate. … they have much in common. Not only do the usual implementations have many shared characteristics, but this commonality extends to the theoretical concepts on which they are based” -- Efrem G. Wallach, 1973 August 2005 VM Intro (c) 2005, J. E. Smith 11
Page 1 and 2: Virtual Machines: Architectures, Im
Page 3 and 4: Introduction Why are virtual machin
Page 5 and 6: Virtualization � Similar to abstr
Page 7 and 8: The “Machine Machine” � Diffe
Page 9: Virtual Machines add Virtualizing S
Page 13 and 14: Process VMs � Execute application
Page 15 and 16: HLL VMs � Java and CLI are recent
Page 17 and 18: Composition OS 1 apps 2 ISA 2 OS 1
Page 19 and 20: Summary (Taxonomy) VM type (Process
Page 21 and 22: Emulation: Interpretation and Binar
Page 23 and 24: Definitions NOTE -- there are no st
Page 25 and 26: Definitions � Source ISA or binar
Page 27 and 28: Interpreter State � Hold complete
Page 29 and 30: Instruction Functions: Load LdWordA
Page 31 and 32: Binary Translation � Generate “
Page 33 and 34: Binary Translation Example x86 Sour
Page 35 and 36: The Code Discovery Problem � In o
Page 37 and 38: Dynamic Translation SPC to TPC Look
Page 39 and 40: Tracking the Source PC � Can alwa
Page 41 and 42: Example PowerPC Translation 9AC0: l
Page 43 and 44: Software Jump Prediction � Form o
Page 45 and 46: Emulation Summary � Decode/Dispat
Page 47 and 48: Process Virtual Machines
Page 49 and 50: Process VM Architecture Initializat
Page 51 and 52: State Mapping � For best performa
Page 53 and 54: Direct (Hardware) Mapping � VM so
Page 55 and 56: Host OS Support � A system call w
Page 57 and 58: Self-referencing code � Original
Page 59 and 60: Exceptions: Traps � Can be detect
Page 61 and 62:
PC Side Table code cache . . . bloc
Page 63 and 64:
Recovering Memory State � Simple
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OS Call Emulation � Same source a
Page 67 and 68:
Staged Emulation � Adjust optimiz
Page 69 and 70:
Code Cache Management � Code Cach
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Pre-emptive Flush � Flush when pr
Page 73 and 74:
System Environment � High level o
Page 75 and 76:
Loaders � Requires two loaders
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Example: FX!32 � x86/Windows ABIs
Page 79 and 80:
Dynamic Binary Optimization
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Profiling � Collect statistics ab
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Collecting Profiles � Instrumenta
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Improving Locality: Traces � Prop
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Superblock Formation � Start Poin
Page 89 and 90:
Case Study: Intel IA-32 EL � Soft
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IA-32 Optimizations � Floating po
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IA-32 EL Performance � Where the
Page 95 and 96:
Code Patching Example Source Binary
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Superblock Selection � Does not u
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Performance � Compare with +o2
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Performance Conclusions � Mostly
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HLL VMs � Goal: complete platform
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Modern HLL VMs � Superficially si
Page 107 and 108:
Modern HLL VMs � Compiler forms p
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Security � A key aspect of modern
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Garbage Collected Heap � Objects
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Java “ISA ISA” � Includes •
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Data Accessing Instruction stream o
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Instruction Types � Pushing const
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Bytecode Example public int perimet
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Exception Table � Exceptions iden
Page 123 and 124:
Java Virtual Machine � An abstrac
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Structure of Virtual Machine, contd
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Protection Sandbox: Security Manage
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Java Native Interface (JNI) � All
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Microsoft CLI � Common Language I
Page 133 and 134:
Microsoft CLI and MSIL � Similar
Page 135 and 136:
Summary: HLL VMs vs. Process VMs
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Co-Designed VMs � Design hardware
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Precise Exceptions � Traps must b
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Precise Interrupts via checkpoint/r
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Page Fault Compatibility � Major
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Input/Output � VMM itself uses no
Page 147 and 148:
Transmeta Crusoe Block Diagram Shad
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Alias Hardware � To allow re-sche
Page 151 and 152:
Another Example: IBM AS/400 � A v
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Virtual Machines – Architectures, Implementations, and ... - Hot Chips

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