Virtual Machines – Architectures, Implementations, and ... - Hot Chips

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Key VM Technologies � Emulation: binary in one ISA is executed on processor supporting a different ISA � Dynamic Optimization: binary is improved for higher performance • May be done as part of emulation • May optimize same ISA (no emulation needed) Windows X86 apps Alpha Emulation HP UX HP Apps. HP PA ISA Optimization August 2005 VM Intro (c) 2005, J. E. Smith 22
Definitions NOTE -- there are no st<strong>and</strong>ard definitions… � Emulation: • A method for enabling a (sub)system to present the same interface <strong>and</strong> characteristics as another. • E.g. the execution of programs compiled for instruction set A on a machine that executes instruction set B. � Ways of implementing emulation • Interpretation: relatively inefficient instruction-at-a-time • Binary Translation: block-at-a-time optimized for repeated instruction executions August 2005 VM Intro (c) 2005, J. E. Smith 23
Page 1 and 2: Virtual Machines: Architectures, Im
Page 3 and 4: Introduction Why are virtual machin
Page 5 and 6: Virtualization � Similar to abstr
Page 7 and 8: The “Machine Machine” � Diffe
Page 9 and 10: Virtual Machines add Virtualizing S
Page 11 and 12: Taking a Unified View “The subjec
Page 13 and 14: Process VMs � Execute application
Page 15 and 16: HLL VMs � Java and CLI are recent
Page 17 and 18: Composition OS 1 apps 2 ISA 2 OS 1
Page 19 and 20: Summary (Taxonomy) VM type (Process
Page 21: Emulation: Interpretation and Binar
Page 25 and 26: Definitions � Source ISA or binar
Page 27 and 28: Interpreter State � Hold complete
Page 29 and 30: Instruction Functions: Load LdWordA
Page 31 and 32: Binary Translation � Generate “
Page 33 and 34: Binary Translation Example x86 Sour
Page 35 and 36: The Code Discovery Problem � In o
Page 37 and 38: Dynamic Translation SPC to TPC Look
Page 39 and 40: Tracking the Source PC � Can alwa
Page 41 and 42: Example PowerPC Translation 9AC0: l
Page 43 and 44: Software Jump Prediction � Form o
Page 45 and 46: Emulation Summary � Decode/Dispat
Page 47 and 48: Process Virtual Machines
Page 49 and 50: Process VM Architecture Initializat
Page 51 and 52: State Mapping � For best performa
Page 53 and 54: Direct (Hardware) Mapping � VM so
Page 55 and 56: Host OS Support � A system call w
Page 57 and 58: Self-referencing code � Original
Page 59 and 60: Exceptions: Traps � Can be detect
Page 61 and 62: PC Side Table code cache . . . bloc
Page 63 and 64: Recovering Memory State � Simple
Page 65 and 66: OS Call Emulation � Same source a
Page 67 and 68: Staged Emulation � Adjust optimiz
Page 69 and 70: Code Cache Management � Code Cach
Page 71 and 72: Pre-emptive Flush � Flush when pr
Page 73 and 74:
System Environment � High level o
Page 75 and 76:
Loaders � Requires two loaders
Page 77 and 78:
Example: FX!32 � x86/Windows ABIs
Page 79 and 80:
Dynamic Binary Optimization
Page 81 and 82:
Profiling � Collect statistics ab
Page 83 and 84:
Collecting Profiles � Instrumenta
Page 85 and 86:
Improving Locality: Traces � Prop
Page 87 and 88:
Superblock Formation � Start Poin
Page 89 and 90:
Case Study: Intel IA-32 EL � Soft
Page 91 and 92:
IA-32 Optimizations � Floating po
Page 93 and 94:
IA-32 EL Performance � Where the
Page 95 and 96:
Code Patching Example Source Binary
Page 97 and 98:
Superblock Selection � Does not u
Page 99 and 100:
Performance � Compare with +o2
Page 101 and 102:
Performance Conclusions � Mostly
Page 103 and 104:
HLL VMs � Goal: complete platform
Page 105 and 106:
Modern HLL VMs � Superficially si
Page 107 and 108:
Modern HLL VMs � Compiler forms p
Page 109 and 110:
Security � A key aspect of modern
Page 111 and 112:
Garbage Collected Heap � Objects
Page 113 and 114:
Java “ISA ISA” � Includes •
Page 115 and 116:
Data Accessing Instruction stream o
Page 117 and 118:
Instruction Types � Pushing const
Page 119 and 120:
Bytecode Example public int perimet
Page 121 and 122:
Exception Table � Exceptions iden
Page 123 and 124:
Java Virtual Machine � An abstrac
Page 125 and 126:
Structure of Virtual Machine, contd
Page 127 and 128:
Protection Sandbox: Security Manage
Page 129 and 130:
Java Native Interface (JNI) � All
Page 131 and 132:
Microsoft CLI � Common Language I
Page 133 and 134:
Microsoft CLI and MSIL � Similar
Page 135 and 136:
Summary: HLL VMs vs. Process VMs
Page 137 and 138:
Co-Designed VMs � Design hardware
Page 139 and 140:
Precise Exceptions � Traps must b
Page 141 and 142:
Precise Interrupts via checkpoint/r
Page 143 and 144:
Page Fault Compatibility � Major
Page 145 and 146:
Input/Output � VMM itself uses no
Page 147 and 148:
Transmeta Crusoe Block Diagram Shad
Page 149 and 150:
Alias Hardware � To allow re-sche
Page 151 and 152:
Another Example: IBM AS/400 � A v
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Virtual Machines – Architectures, Implementations, and ... - Hot Chips

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