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CMI Annual Report 2022

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thousands of dikes of varying sizes (Figure 4.2a). These dikes<br />

form vertical barriers that limit horizontal connectivity. In the<br />

Deccan Traps, the regions where basalt can be found at<br />

sufficient depth for CCS coincide almost exactly with the<br />

regions where dikes are most prevalent (Figure 4.2b). The large<br />

number of dikes casts significant doubt on the existence of<br />

laterally extensive flow systems, which are required for CO 2<br />

to<br />

be injected for long periods of time.<br />

Figure 4.2a-b.<br />

Large dike swarms disrupt<br />

lateral continuity of<br />

potential target formations.<br />

(a) Geological map<br />

of the Deccan Traps<br />

and surrounding area,<br />

including the location of<br />

magmatic dikes mapped<br />

by the Geological Survey of<br />

India (GSI). While GSI data<br />

is limited to dikes that form<br />

visible outcrops on satellite<br />

imagery, additional dikes<br />

could be present below the<br />

surface.<br />

(b) The location<br />

of magmatic dikes<br />

superimposed on a map<br />

highlighting the areas<br />

where basalt can be found<br />

at sufficient depth.<br />

In conclusion, both the lack of sufficient depth and extensive<br />

lateral continuity combine to render almost all the basalt in<br />

the Deccan Traps unsuitable for geological storage of captured<br />

CO 2<br />

.<br />

29<br />

Carbon Mitigation Initiative Twenty-second Year <strong>Report</strong> <strong>2022</strong>

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