CMI Annual Report 2022

and that considers the different layers of the OMZs.
Another major finding is the crucial role of natural climate
variability and ocean physical and biological complexity, such
as ocean turbulence and ecosystem structure. These factors
can reinforce and/or offset the effect of climate change on
oxygen minimum zones and coastal dead zones, and
ultimately influence the risk for ecosystems.
Figure 6.1.
The extent of the Pacific oxygen minimum zone in the
World Ocean Atlas.
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Carbon Mitigation Initiative Twenty-second Year Report 2022