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<strong>East</strong> <strong>Central</strong> <strong>Khoisan</strong> <strong>etymology</strong><br />

Compiled by George Starostin<br />

1<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>etymological</strong> <strong>database</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>East</strong> <strong>Central</strong> <strong>Khoisan</strong> language subgroup, linked<br />

directly to <strong>the</strong> general <strong>Central</strong> <strong>Khoisan</strong> <strong>database</strong>. <strong>The</strong> relative scarcity of data here is<br />

explained by <strong>the</strong> fact that, as of now, not a single detailed and up-to-date dictionary of<br />

any <strong>East</strong> <strong>Central</strong> <strong>Khoisan</strong> language has been published. <strong>The</strong> same scarcity also affects<br />

<strong>the</strong> exactness and reliability of <strong>the</strong> overall classification.<br />

Data sources: <strong>the</strong> primary, and <strong>the</strong> only fully reliable, source is Vossen 1997 ("Die Khoe<br />

Sprachen") as well as occasional additions from several of R. Vossen's articles that deal<br />

with <strong>East</strong> <strong>Central</strong> <strong>Khoisan</strong> material (Vossen 1998, etc.). Data on several o<strong>the</strong>r idioms<br />

comes from Dornan 1917 and sources in Doro<strong>the</strong>a Bleek's dictionary, but <strong>the</strong><br />

transcription quality <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong>se, as usual, leaves a lot to be desired.<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>database</strong> consists of <strong>the</strong> following fields:<br />

1. Proto-<strong>East</strong> <strong>Central</strong> <strong>Khoisan</strong>: <strong>the</strong> reconstructions more or less follow <strong>the</strong> system of<br />

correspondences as laid out in Vossen 1997, with a few minor modifications.<br />

2. Meaning: <strong>the</strong> general meaning of <strong>the</strong> reconstructed stem.<br />

3-7. |Xaise, Deti, Cara,Tsixa, Danisi: lexical data from <strong>the</strong> Shua subgroup, mostly taken<br />

from Vossen 1997.<br />

8-10. Cua, Kua, Tsua: lexical data from <strong>the</strong> Tshwa subgroup, mostly taken from Vossen<br />

1997. (NB: in<strong>for</strong>mation on <strong>the</strong> Cua dialect is extremely scarce).<br />

11. Hietshware: lexical data from Dornan 1917. This is <strong>the</strong> only more or less extensive<br />

vocabulary of an ECK idiom, belonging to <strong>the</strong> Tshwa subgroup but with some<br />

peculiarities of its own (Dornan's "Hietshware" is sometimes mistaken <strong>for</strong> Deti, since <strong>the</strong><br />

title of <strong>the</strong> article is "<strong>The</strong> Tati Bushmen and <strong>the</strong>ir Language", but <strong>the</strong> phonetic, lexical and<br />

grammatical peculiarities of that idiom show that it is definitely closer to Kua and Tsua<br />

than to Vossen's Deti). Un<strong>for</strong>tunately, nei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> transcription nor <strong>the</strong> given meanings<br />

of <strong>the</strong> lexemes can be deemed completely reliable.<br />

12-13. Sehura, Mohissa: data extracted from brief notes by S. Passarge ("Die<br />

Buschmänner der Kalahari", Berlin 1907) on two idioms that unquestionably belong to<br />

<strong>the</strong> ECK subgroup due to sharing <strong>the</strong> same phonetic features (most importantly,<br />

palatalized non-click reflexes of <strong>the</strong> PCK palatal click). However, <strong>the</strong> quality of <strong>the</strong><br />

transcription is even worse than in Dornan 1917, and <strong>the</strong> amount of material very small,

so no definitive conclusions can be made on <strong>the</strong> subclassification of ei<strong>the</strong>r.<br />

14. Notes: additional comments and considerations.<br />

15. References: bibliographical links.<br />

Notes on transcription:<br />

2<br />

Clicks: | = dental click, ǂ = palatal click, ! = alveolar click, ǁ = lateral click. For Sehura and<br />

Mohissa, <strong>the</strong> sign $ denotes an unidentified click influx in Passarge's notes (only<br />

"guessable" through comparison with external data).<br />

Click effluxes include zero (no special marking), voiced articulation (�, etc.), nasalisation<br />

(�, etc.), aspiration (|h, etc.), velar fricative (|x, etc.), uvular stop (|q, etc.), and <strong>the</strong> glottal<br />

stop (|ʔ, etc.).<br />

Non-click consonants: c, ʒ = hissing voiceless and voiced affricates (= ts and dz in<br />

Vossen's original transcription); č, ǯ = hushing voiceless and voiced affricates (very<br />

rarely met, usually local varieties of hissing affricates); ć, � = palatal voiceless and voiced<br />

affricates (= c and j in Vossen's original transcription); q = uvular voiceless stop; ḱ, ǵ =<br />

palatal velars (= ky, gy in some transcriptions); ń = palatal nasal; ʔ = glottal stop.<br />

Vowels: ɛ, ɔ = open correlates to closed e, o. <strong>The</strong> tilde sign denotes nasalisation; á, à, ǎ, â =<br />

tonal markings.<br />

As in all o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>Khoisan</strong> <strong>database</strong>s, original transliteration is mostly retained <strong>for</strong> all<br />

sources older than 1980 <strong>for</strong> fear of incorrect interpretation of <strong>the</strong> data. In <strong>the</strong> case of<br />

Dornan 1917, it must be said that his transcription almost certainly confuses <strong>the</strong> dental<br />

and lateral clicks (| and ǁ), as well as constantly features <strong>the</strong> palatal click (ǂ) despite <strong>the</strong><br />

fact that it could not have been present in <strong>the</strong> corresponding Hietshware entries.<br />

Notes on reconstruction and classification:<br />

<strong>East</strong> <strong>Central</strong> <strong>Khoisan</strong> is <strong>the</strong> most innovative of all CK subgroups, having <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />

part dispensed with both <strong>the</strong> alveolar click (simply dropping it regardless of <strong>the</strong> efflux)<br />

and <strong>the</strong> palatal click (with <strong>the</strong> basic development *ǂ- > *ć- and subsequent<br />

multi-directional evolution depending on <strong>the</strong> <strong>for</strong>mer click efflux). However, from time<br />

to time several ECK languages feature deviant <strong>for</strong>ms that seem to have irregularly<br />

preserved ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> alveolar or <strong>the</strong> palatal click. For <strong>the</strong> most part, <strong>the</strong>y have to be<br />

judged as re-borrowings from neighbouring West <strong>Central</strong> <strong>Khoisan</strong> languages.<br />

One particular problem concerns <strong>the</strong> position of Tsixa. While it does share some features<br />

with <strong>the</strong> rest of <strong>the</strong> Shwa group, certain isoglosses on all levels speak strongly in favour

3<br />

of its re-classification as a West ra<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>East</strong> CK idiom. <strong>The</strong>se include (a) <strong>the</strong><br />

preservation of <strong>the</strong> palatal click in most cases (R. Vossen [Vossen 1997] thinks that <strong>the</strong><br />

palatal click has been reintroduced into <strong>the</strong> language due to WCK influence, but this<br />

scenario is very hard to imagine); (b) some minor grammatical isoglosses, e. g. tí 'I' (as in<br />

WCK) vs. <strong>the</strong> common Shwa <strong>for</strong>m ta; (c) some lexical isoglosses, e. g. ǂú 'head' vs.<br />

common Shwa mâ. Un<strong>for</strong>tunately, <strong>the</strong>re is simply too few Tsixa data available to reach a<br />

final conclusion (even within <strong>the</strong> 100-wordlist; lexicostatistical calculations currently<br />

group Tsixa with <strong>the</strong> rest of Shwa, but it is possible that a more complete wordlist might<br />

change <strong>the</strong> situation), so <strong>for</strong> now we will stick with R. Vossen's classification.<br />

Number 1<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *a<br />

Meaning that<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 2<br />

Hietshware a<br />

References Dornan 66.<br />

Number 2<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ábà<br />

Meaning 1 to carry (esp. child on <strong>the</strong> back) 2 to bear (child)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 3<br />

|Xaise ʔábá<br />

Deti ʔábá<br />

Cara ʔábá<br />

Tsixa ʔábà<br />

Danisi ʔábà<br />

Kua ʔábà<br />

Tsua ʔábà<br />

Hietshware aba 1; abaa, abaho 2<br />

References Dornan 88; Vossen 440.

Number 3<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ábà<br />

Meaning dog<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 4<br />

|Xaise ʔábà<br />

Deti ʔábá<br />

Cara ʔábà<br />

Tsixa ʔábá<br />

Danisi ʔábá<br />

Kua ʔábà<br />

Tsua ʔábà<br />

Hietshware aba<br />

Sehura aba<br />

Mohissa aba<br />

References Bleek 5; Dornan 80; Vossen 453.<br />

Number 4<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ḱhùí<br />

Meaning to lift<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 6<br />

|Xaise khùí<br />

Deti khùí<br />

Cara khùí<br />

Tsixa khùí<br />

Danisi khùí<br />

Hietshware šui<br />

References Dornan 109; Vossen 448.<br />

Number 5<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *á�<br />

Meaning to agree<br />

4

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 7<br />

|Xaise ʔá�<br />

Cara ʔá�<br />

Tsixa ʔá�<br />

Danisi ʔá�<br />

Kua ʔá�<br />

Tsua ʔá�<br />

Hietshware am chu "to agree", am chuu "agreement"<br />

References Dornan 89; Vossen 429-430.<br />

Number 6<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ama<br />

Meaning dish, pot, plate<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware ama<br />

Sehura ama<br />

Mohissa ama<br />

References Bleek 9; Dornan 89.<br />

Number 7<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *anV<br />

Meaning to clo<strong>the</strong>, dress<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 8<br />

|Xaise ʔáná<br />

Deti ʔ�<br />

Cara ʔáná<br />

Tsixa ʔ�<br />

Danisi ʔ�<br />

Kua ʔ�<br />

Hietshware anēe; ane kakho "to dress ano<strong>the</strong>r"<br />

References Dornan 89; Vossen 498.<br />

5

Number 8<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *a (?)<br />

Meaning with, etc.<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware a<br />

References Dornan 88.<br />

Number 9<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *au<br />

Meaning tarantula<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware auu<br />

References Dornan 89.<br />

Number 10<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *au<br />

Meaning quiver<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware auu<br />

References Dornan 89.<br />

Number 11<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *bàrá<br />

Meaning to swim<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 13<br />

|Xaise bàdà<br />

Deti bàdá<br />

Cara bàdá<br />

Tsixa bàdá<br />

Danisi bàdá<br />

6

References Vossen 490.<br />

Number 12<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *bara<br />

Meaning harvest, rainy season<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 14<br />

Hietshware bara<br />

References Dornan 89.<br />

Number 13<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *bé<br />

Meaning bull<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise bè<br />

Deti bè<br />

Cara bé<br />

Kua ʒú-bé<br />

Tsua ʒù-bé<br />

Sehura be<br />

References Bleek 15; Vossen 478.<br />

Number 14<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *b�<br />

Meaning to move/run away<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 15<br />

|Xaise bè<br />

Deti bè<br />

Cara bè<br />

Tsixa ɛ (?)<br />

Danisi bè<br />

Tsua bě<br />

7

References Vossen 431.<br />

Number 15<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *bie<br />

Meaning horse<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 16<br />

Sehura bie<br />

References Bleek 16.<br />

Number 16<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *bó<br />

Meaning hatchet<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 17<br />

Deti bǒ<br />

Hietshware boo ǁka "an axe handle"<br />

References Dornan 89; Vossen 421.<br />

Number 17<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *bǔ<br />

Meaning to bark<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 18<br />

|Xaise bǔ<br />

Deti bǔ<br />

Cara bú<br />

Tsixa bú<br />

Danisi bú<br />

Kua bǔ<br />

Hietshware bii (?)<br />

References Dornan 89; Vossen 422.<br />

8

Number 18<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔâ<br />

Meaning penis<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 19<br />

Deti cʔâ<br />

Cara cʔâ<br />

Tsixa cʔâ<br />

Danisi cʔâ<br />

References Vossen 474.<br />

Number 19<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔ�<br />

Meaning to steal<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 20<br />

|Xaise cʔ�<br />

Deti cʔ�<br />

Cara cʔ�<br />

Tsixa cʔ�<br />

Danisi cʔ�<br />

Kua cʔ�<br />

Tsua cʔ�<br />

Hietshware tsaa<br />

References Dornan 110; Vossen 495.<br />

Number 20<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔê<br />

Meaning sharp<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 21<br />

Cara cʔê<br />

Tsixa cʔ<br />

Danisi cʔê<br />

Kua cʔê<br />

9

References Vossen 483.<br />

Number 21<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔánì<br />

Meaning smoke; to smoke<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 22<br />

|Xaise cʔání<br />

Deti cʔání<br />

Cara cʔání<br />

Tsixa cʔínì<br />

Danisi cʔínì<br />

Kua cʔínì<br />

Tsua cʔínì<br />

Hietshware tsene<br />

10<br />

References Dornan 111; Vossen 476.<br />

Number 22<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔaó<br />

Meaning to milk<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 23<br />

|Xaise cʔàó<br />

Deti cʔàó<br />

Cara cʔàó<br />

Danisi cʔàó<br />

Kua cʔáó<br />

Tsua cʔáó<br />

Hietshware tsao<br />

References Dornan 111; Vossen 466.<br />

Number 23<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔáó

Meaning sandy place<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 24<br />

Deti cʔáó<br />

Cara cʔàó<br />

Kua cʔáó<br />

Tsua cʔáó<br />

References Vossen 442.<br />

Number 24<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔàrú<br />

Meaning kidney<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 25<br />

Tsixa cʔàdù<br />

Danisi cʔàdú<br />

References Vossen 471-72.<br />

Number 25<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔî<br />

Meaning to limp<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 26<br />

|Xaise cʔî<br />

Deti cʔí<br />

Cara cʔí<br />

Tsixa cʔî<br />

Danisi cʔî<br />

Kua cʔî<br />

Tsua cʔî<br />

References Vossen 450.<br />

Number 26<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔóró<br />

11

Meaning to decay, rot<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 27<br />

|Xaise ćʔódó<br />

Deti cʔòdó<br />

Cara cʔódó<br />

Tsixa cʔódó<br />

Danisi cʔódó<br />

Kua cʔòdó<br />

Tsua cʔódó<br />

Hietshware tšoro<br />

12<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 500.<br />

Number 27<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔòḿ<br />

Meaning lip (upper)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 28<br />

|Xaise ćʔò�<br />

Cara cʔòḿ<br />

Danisi cʔòḿ<br />

Tsua cʔóḿ<br />

Mohissa $kam (?)<br />

References Bleek 688; Vossen 464.<br />

Number 28<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cá<br />

Meaning thou (m.)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 29<br />

|Xaise ćá<br />

Deti cá<br />

Cara cá<br />

Tsixa cá<br />

Danisi cá

13<br />

Cua čá (Nata), cá (Letakana)<br />

Kua cá<br />

Tsua cá<br />

Hietshware tša<br />

References Dornan 90; Vossen 234-250.<br />

Number 29<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cà<br />

Meaning to be ill<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 30<br />

Kua cà<br />

Tsua câ<br />

References Vossen 459.<br />

Number 30<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *c�<br />

Meaning meat broth<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 31<br />

|Xaise c�<br />

Deti c�<br />

Cara c�<br />

Danisi c�<br />

Kua c�<br />

Tsua c�<br />

Hietshware tsa "gravy, fat, soup"<br />

References Dornan 110; Vossen 436.<br />

Number 31<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *c�<br />

Meaning to boil, cook<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 32

Kua c�-xù<br />

Tsua câ-xù<br />

14<br />

Hietshware tsaa "to boil", tsakho "to cook"<br />

References Dornan 110, 111; Vossen 458.<br />

Number 32<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cáḿ<br />

Meaning to creep up<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 33<br />

|Xaise cáḿ<br />

Deti càḿ<br />

Cara cáḿ<br />

Danisi cáḿ<br />

Kua cáḿ<br />

Tsua cáḿ<br />

References Vossen 423.<br />

Number 33<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cáó<br />

Meaning tail<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 34<br />

|Xaise cáó<br />

Deti cáó<br />

Cara cáó<br />

Tsixa cáó<br />

Danisi cáó<br />

Cua cáó<br />

Kua cáó<br />

Tsua cáó<br />

Hietshware tsau<br />

References Dornan 111; Vossen 488.

Number 34<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cárú<br />

Meaning sour<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 35<br />

|Xaise cádú<br />

Deti cádú<br />

Cara cádú<br />

Danisi cádú<br />

Kua cádú<br />

Tsua cádú<br />

References Vossen 482.<br />

Number 35<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cau<br />

Meaning fat<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 36<br />

Hietshware tsau, tsautsau<br />

References Dornan 111.<br />

Number 36<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cé<br />

Meaning to send<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 37<br />

Deti cé<br />

Cara cé<br />

Tsixa c�<br />

Danisi cé<br />

Hietshware tse<br />

15<br />

References Dornan 111; Vossen 484.

Number 37<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔǐ<br />

Meaning buttock<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 38<br />

|Xaise cʔì<br />

Deti cʔǐ<br />

Cara cʔǐ<br />

Danisi cʔǐ<br />

Cua cʔí<br />

Kua cʔí<br />

Tsua cʔí<br />

16<br />

Hietshware tsi "<strong>the</strong> hinder parts"<br />

References Dornan 111; Vossen 442.<br />

Number 38<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *c�<br />

Meaning to sneeze<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 39<br />

|Xaise c�<br />

Deti c�<br />

Tsixa c�<br />

Danisi c�<br />

Kua c�<br />

Tsua c�<br />

References Vossen 472.<br />

Number 39<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cô<br />

Meaning medicine; to treat<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise ćô<br />

Deti cô

Cara cô<br />

Tsixa cô<br />

Danisi cô<br />

Kua cô<br />

Tsua cô<br />

References Vossen 466.<br />

Number 40<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *còḿ<br />

Meaning to sprout<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 41<br />

|Xaise ćó�<br />

Deti còḿ<br />

Cara cò�<br />

17<br />

Danisi chó� "nicht sprießen" (?)<br />

Kua cú�<br />

Tsua có�<br />

References Vossen 455.<br />

Number 41<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *córó<br />

Meaning shell, pod<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 42<br />

|Xaise ćódó "seed"<br />

Deti códó<br />

Cara códó<br />

Tsixa códó<br />

Danisi códó<br />

Kua códó<br />

Tsua códó<br />

References Vossen 483.

Number 42<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cu<br />

Meaning excrement; dirt<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 43<br />

|Xaise ćû<br />

Deti cù<br />

Cara cû<br />

Tsixa cù<br />

Danisi cû<br />

Cua ćû<br />

Kua cû<br />

Tsua cû<br />

Hietshware tšu<br />

18<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 434.<br />

Number 43<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *chǎ<br />

Meaning water<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 44<br />

|Xaise chǎ<br />

Deti chǎ<br />

Cara chǎ<br />

Tsixa chǎ<br />

Danisi chǎ<br />

Kua chǎ<br />

Tsua chǎ<br />

Hietshware tsaa<br />

Sehura tsa<br />

Mohissa tsa<br />

References Bleek 210; Dornan 110; Vossen 505.

Number 44<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ch�<br />

Meaning scent<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 45<br />

|Xaise ch�<br />

Cara c�<br />

Danisi ch�<br />

Kua c�<br />

Tsua c�<br />

References Vossen 429.<br />

Number 45<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *chàó<br />

Meaning to dig<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 46<br />

|Xaise càó<br />

Deti chàó<br />

Cara chàó<br />

Danisi chàó<br />

Kua chàó<br />

Tsua chàó<br />

Hietshware tsaho<br />

19<br />

References Dornan 111; Vossen 444.<br />

Number 46<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *chàú<br />

Meaning hand<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 47<br />

|Xaise càú<br />

Deti càú<br />

Cara chàú<br />

Tsixa càú

Danisi chàú<br />

Cua càú<br />

Kua càú<br />

Tsua càú<br />

Hietshware tsau<br />

Sehura tsau<br />

Mohissa tsau<br />

References Bleek 213; Dornan 111; Vossen 447.<br />

Number 47<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *chù<br />

Meaning coal<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise chù<br />

Deti (�ǔ-)cù<br />

Cara chù<br />

Danisi chǔ<br />

Kua chǔ<br />

Tsua (|ʔé-)chǔ<br />

References Vossen 452.<br />

Number 48<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cx�<br />

Meaning to be tired<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 48<br />

|Xaise ch�<br />

Deti cx�<br />

Cara cx�<br />

Tsixa cx�<br />

Danisi cx�<br />

Cua cxá<br />

Kua cx�<br />

20

References Vossen 432.<br />

Number 49<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cxó�<br />

Meaning to milk<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 49<br />

Deti cxó�<br />

Cara cxó�<br />

Danisi cxó�<br />

Kua cxó�<br />

Tsua cxó�<br />

References Vossen 466-7.<br />

Number 50<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cxúnì<br />

Meaning to slide<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 50<br />

|Xaise ćóní<br />

Deti cxúní<br />

Cara còǹ<br />

Danisi cxúǹ<br />

Kua cxúnì<br />

References Vossen 480.<br />

Number 51<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *(n)dV<br />

Meaning interr. base<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 51<br />

Deti dú "what?"<br />

Cara ndú "what?"<br />

Danisi ndú "what?"<br />

21

References Vossen 265-267.<br />

Number 52<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *daba<br />

Meaning to tease, vex<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware daba<br />

References Dornan 91.<br />

Number 53<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dam (*dl-?)<br />

Meaning tortoise<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 52<br />

Hietshware dham<br />

Sehura yam<br />

22<br />

References Bleek 72; Dornan 92.<br />

Number 54<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dàní<br />

Meaning bee<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 53<br />

|Xaise dànì<br />

Deti dání<br />

Cara dánì<br />

Kua dìnì<br />

Tsua dìní<br />

Hietshware denee<br />

References Dornan 92; Vossen 423.<br />

Number 55

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dao<br />

Meaning to burn<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 54<br />

|Xaise dáó<br />

Deti dàò<br />

Cara dàò<br />

Tsixa dáó<br />

Danisi dàò<br />

Kua dáó<br />

Tsua dáò<br />

23<br />

Hietshware dhau; daoo "to dry up" (?)<br />

References Dornan 92; Vossen 500.<br />

Number 56<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dáò<br />

Meaning road, path<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 55<br />

|Xaise dáó<br />

Deti dáó<br />

Cara dáó<br />

Tsixa dáò<br />

Danisi dáò<br />

Kua dáó<br />

Tsua dáó<br />

Hietshware dhau<br />

References Dornan 92; Vossen 493-4.<br />

Number 57<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dau<br />

Meaning small hare<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 56<br />

Hietshware dhau

References Dornan 92.<br />

Number 58<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dene<br />

24<br />

Meaning to lick up <strong>the</strong> remains of food<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 59<br />

Hietshware dene<br />

References Dornan 92.<br />

Number 59<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dàḿ<br />

Meaning tongue<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 60<br />

|Xaise dàḿ<br />

Deti dàḿ<br />

Cara dàḿ<br />

Tsixa dàḿ<br />

Danisi dàḿ<br />

Cua dàḿ<br />

Kua dàḿ<br />

Tsua dàḿ<br />

Hietshware dham<br />

References Dornan 92; Vossen 510.<br />

Number 60<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *debe<br />

Meaning lightning<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 61<br />

Hietshware dhebe; tadi (Sechuana borrowing?)<br />

References Dornan 92, 109.

Number 61<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dóà<br />

Meaning kudu<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 62<br />

|Xaise dóá<br />

Deti dóà<br />

Cara dòá<br />

Tsixa dòá<br />

Danisi dóá<br />

Kua dóá<br />

Tsua dòá<br />

References Vossen 460.<br />

Number 62<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dòá<br />

Meaning grass<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 63<br />

Cara dòà<br />

25<br />

Tsixa doa (in compounds)<br />

Danisi doa (in compounds)<br />

Kua dòá<br />

Tsua dòá<br />

Hietshware dhoa<br />

References Dornan 92; Vossen 445.<br />

Number 63<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dobe<br />

Meaning salt<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 64<br />

|Xaise dèbè<br />

Deti dóbè

Cara dóbè<br />

Danisi dóbé<br />

Kua dèbé<br />

Tsua dèbé<br />

Hietshware debee "salt pan"<br />

Sehura d�be<br />

26<br />

References Bleek 27; Dornan 92; Vossen 481.<br />

Number 64<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *doe<br />

Meaning small; young<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware dwee "young", dwese "a little", dwe dwehe "to abate"<br />

References Dornan 92.<br />

Number 65<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dòró<br />

Meaning to kindle fire; tinderbox<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 66<br />

|Xaise dòdó<br />

Cara dòdó<br />

Tsixa dòdó<br />

Danisi dòdó<br />

Kua dòdó<br />

Tsua dòdó<br />

Hietshware doro "to bore"<br />

References Dornan 92; Vossen 435.<br />

Number 66<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dû<br />

Meaning eland

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 67<br />

|Xaise dú<br />

Deti dú<br />

Cara dú<br />

Tsixa dù<br />

Danisi dû<br />

Kua dú<br />

Tsua dû<br />

Hietshware du<br />

27<br />

References Dornan 92; Vossen 430.<br />

Number 67<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *duba<br />

Meaning to tread<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware duba<br />

References Dornan 92.<br />

Number 68<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *túrù<br />

Meaning rat, mouse<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 68<br />

|Xaise túdú<br />

Deti túdù<br />

Cara túdù<br />

Danisi túdù<br />

Kua túdù<br />

Tsua túdù<br />

Hietshware thuru<br />

References Dornan 110; Vossen 476.

Number 69<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dabu<br />

Meaning to cover<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 69<br />

Hietshware dhabu<br />

References Dornan 92.<br />

Number 70<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dó�<br />

Meaning throat<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 70<br />

|Xaise dò�<br />

Deti dó�<br />

Cara dóḿ<br />

Tsixa dó�<br />

Danisi dòḿ<br />

Cua dòḿ<br />

Kua dó�<br />

Tsua dòḿ<br />

28<br />

Hietshware dom; dhom "neck"<br />

Mohissa dum "neck"<br />

References Bleek 29; Dornan 92; Vossen 455.<br />

Number 71<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *gárà<br />

Meaning tree bark<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 72<br />

|Xaise gádà<br />

Deti gádá<br />

Cara gádà<br />

Tsixa gàdá<br />

Danisi gádá

Kua gádà<br />

Tsua gàdá<br />

References Vossen 452.<br />

Number 72<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǵòbó<br />

Meaning navel<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 73<br />

|Xaise góbò<br />

Cara gòbó<br />

Tsixa gòbó<br />

Danisi gòbó<br />

Kua gòbó<br />

References Vossen 469.<br />

Number 73<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǵõẽ (?)<br />

Meaning kidney<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 74<br />

Hietshware ǯwenǯwe<br />

References Dornan 99.<br />

Number 74<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǵó�<br />

Meaning cow, ox<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 75<br />

Tsixa gó�<br />

Danisi góè<br />

Hietshware ǯube<br />

29<br />

References Dornan 98; Vossen 478.

Number 75<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǵu<br />

Meaning sheep<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 76<br />

|Xaise gù<br />

Deti gù<br />

Cara gù<br />

Tsixa gù<br />

Danisi gû<br />

Hietshware ǯu<br />

Sehura gu<br />

Mohissa dsúu<br />

References Bleek 32, 34; Dornan 98; Vossen 483.<br />

Number 76<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǵuni<br />

Meaning to hunt<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 77<br />

Deti gùnì<br />

Cara gúnì<br />

Tsixa gúní<br />

Danisi gúnì<br />

References Vossen 454.<br />

Number 77<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǵUre<br />

Meaning bark<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 78<br />

Hietshware ǯoree<br />

References Dornan 98.<br />

30

Number 78<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *hǎ<br />

Meaning to come<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 79<br />

|Xaise hǎ<br />

Deti hâ<br />

Cara hǎ<br />

Tsixa hâ<br />

Danisi hǎ<br />

Kua hâ<br />

Tsua hâ<br />

Hietshware ya<br />

31<br />

References Dornan 112; Vossen 458.<br />

Number 79<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *haca<br />

Meaning four<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 80<br />

Deti hácà<br />

Cara hàcá<br />

References Vossen 503.<br />

Number 80<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *hàré<br />

Meaning to draw water<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 81<br />

|Xaise hàdè<br />

Deti hàdè<br />

Cara hàdè<br />

Tsixa hàdé<br />

Danisi hàdé

References Vossen 451.<br />

Number 81<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *h�<br />

Meaning to do<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 82<br />

|Xaise h�<br />

Deti h�<br />

Cara h�<br />

Tsixa h�<br />

Danisi h�<br />

Kua h�<br />

Tsua h�<br />

Hietshware hie<br />

32<br />

References Dornan 97; Vossen 465.<br />

Number 82<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ḿ�<br />

Meaning to smell<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 83<br />

|Xaise m�<br />

Cara �ḿ<br />

Tsixa m�<br />

Kua ḿ�<br />

Tsua m�<br />

Hietshware hmee "to smell", hm tswi "to smell anything"<br />

References Dornan 97; Vossen 477-78.<br />

Number 83<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *[i]he-<br />

Meaning all

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 84<br />

33<br />

Hietshware ihe; yie "entirely" (?)<br />

References Dornan 98, 112.<br />

Number 84<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *i<br />

Meaning this<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 85<br />

Deti h� "this" (?)<br />

Cara ĭ "this"<br />

Danisi ī� "this"<br />

Kua ĭ<br />

Tsua ĭ<br />

Hietshware e<br />

References Dornan 66; Vossen 252, 254, 255.<br />

Number 85<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *jábà<br />

Meaning to wish<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 86<br />

Cara yábá "to think"<br />

Tsixa yábà<br />

Danisi yábà<br />

References Vossen 501.<br />

Number 86<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjê<br />

Meaning hole<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 87<br />

|Xaise ʔyé<br />

Deti ʔyě

Cara yě<br />

Tsixa y<br />

Danisi ʔy<br />

Kua ʔyé<br />

Tsua ʔíè<br />

Hietshware iee, ye<br />

34<br />

References Dornan 98, 112; Vossen 432.<br />

Number 87<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *jì<br />

Meaning tree<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 88<br />

|Xaise �ì<br />

Deti yì<br />

Cara yì<br />

Tsixa yì<br />

Danisi yì<br />

Kua yî<br />

Tsua yǐ<br />

Hietshware hii<br />

Sehura yi<br />

Mohissa �i<br />

References Bleek 68, 69, 72; Dornan 97; Vossen 419.<br />

Number 88<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ka<br />

Meaning to eat<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 89<br />

Hietshware ka<br />

References Dornan 99.

Number 89<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *Kabi<br />

Meaning to turn over<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 91<br />

Hietshware gabi<br />

References Dornan 93.<br />

Number 90<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *káí<br />

Meaning big<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 92<br />

Deti káí<br />

References Vossen 445.<br />

Number 91<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ḱô<br />

Meaning to refuse<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise kô<br />

Deti kó<br />

Cara kò<br />

Kua kô<br />

Tsua cô<br />

Hietshware tsoo<br />

35<br />

References Dornan 111; Vossen 413.<br />

Number 92<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ḱúrí<br />

Meaning year<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 94<br />

|Xaise kúdí

Deti kúdí<br />

Cara kúdí<br />

Tsixa kúdí<br />

Danisi kúdí<br />

Kua kúdí<br />

Tsua cúdí<br />

Hietshware tšuri<br />

36<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 454.<br />

Number 93<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ḱÚḿ<br />

Meaning to hear, listen<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 95<br />

Deti kóḿ<br />

Cara kóḿ<br />

Tsixa kúḿ<br />

Danisi kúḿ<br />

Kua kúḿ<br />

Tsua cóḿ<br />

Hietshware tšom<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 452.<br />

Number 94<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *khara<br />

Meaning to spread (flat)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 96<br />

Cara khàdà<br />

Danisi khádá<br />

References Vossen 419.<br />

Number 95

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ḱhǒ<br />

Meaning skin<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 97<br />

|Xaise khò<br />

Deti khò<br />

Cara khò<br />

Tsixa khǒ<br />

Danisi khǒ<br />

Cua chǒ<br />

Kua khǒ<br />

Tsua khǒ<br />

Hietshware tšo<br />

37<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 448.<br />

Number 96<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ḱhóé<br />

Meaning person<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 98<br />

|Xaise khóé<br />

Deti khóé<br />

Cara khóé<br />

Tsixa khóè<br />

Danisi khóè<br />

Kua khòé<br />

Tsua chòé<br />

Hietshware tšwa, tšowe<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 409.<br />

Number 97<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *će (*c-, *ḱ-)<br />

Meaning to pull<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 481

Hietshware tše<br />

References Dornan 90.<br />

Number 98<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔâ<br />

Meaning to drink<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 99<br />

|Xaise kʔâ<br />

Deti kʔâ<br />

Cara kʔâ<br />

Tsixa kʔâ<br />

Danisi kxʔâ<br />

Kua kʔâ<br />

Tsua kʔâ<br />

Hietshware ǂkhaa<br />

38<br />

References Dornan 102; Vossen 497.<br />

Number 99<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *k(ʔ)aba<br />

Meaning calabash, gourd<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 100<br />

Hietshware kabaa<br />

References Dornan 99.<br />

Number 100<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔàí<br />

Meaning face; surface<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 101<br />

|Xaise kʔáí<br />

Deti kʔàí<br />

Cara kʔàí

Kua kʔàí<br />

Tsua kʔàí<br />

Hietshware ǂkhuu (?)<br />

39<br />

References Dornan 103; Vossen 442.<br />

Number 101<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔá�<br />

Meaning to laugh<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 102<br />

|Xaise kʔ��<br />

Deti kʔ��<br />

Cara kʔ��<br />

Danisi kxʔ��<br />

Kua kʔ��<br />

Tsua kʔ��<br />

Hietshware ǂkhaeyo "a laugh"<br />

References Dornan 102; Vossen 461.<br />

Number 102<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔáḿ<br />

Meaning mouth<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 104<br />

|Xaise kʔáḿ<br />

Deti kʔàḿ<br />

Cara kʔáḿ<br />

Tsixa kʔáḿ<br />

Cua kʔáḿ<br />

Kua kʔàḿ<br />

Tsua kʔà�<br />

Hietshware ǂkam<br />

References Dornan 100; Vossen 468.

Number 103<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔa�<br />

Meaning vulture<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 105<br />

|Xaise kʔ��<br />

Deti kʔ��<br />

Cara kʔ��<br />

Danisi kxʔ��<br />

Kua kʔ��<br />

Tsua kʔ��<br />

References Vossen 441-42.<br />

Number 104<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔáó<br />

Meaning arrow<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 106<br />

Tsixa kʔáó<br />

Danisi kxʔáó<br />

References Vossen 475.<br />

Number 105<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔáò<br />

Meaning man, manly<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 107<br />

|Xaise kʔáò<br />

Deti kʔáó<br />

Cara kʔáò<br />

Tsixa kʔáò<br />

Danisi kxʔáò<br />

Kua kʔáò<br />

Tsua kʔáò<br />

40

Hietshware kau čo; gau "youth, young man" (?)<br />

Sehura ko�<br />

References Bleek 96; Dornan 94; Vossen 465-6.<br />

Number 106<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔárá<br />

Meaning impala<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 108<br />

|Xaise kʔádá<br />

Cara kʔádà<br />

Tsixa kʔádá<br />

Danisi kxʔàdá<br />

Kua kʔádá<br />

Hietshware karaa "rhebok"<br />

41<br />

References Dornan 101; Vossen 453.<br />

Number 107<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔáú<br />

Meaning bitter<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 109<br />

|Xaise kʔàú<br />

Deti kʔàú<br />

Cara kʔàú<br />

Danisi kxʔàú<br />

Kua kʔáú<br />

Tsua kʔáú<br />

References Vossen 424.<br />

Number 108<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔ��<br />

Meaning liver

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 110<br />

|Xaise kʔ�<br />

Deti kʔ��<br />

Cara kʔ��<br />

Tsixa kʔ��<br />

Danisi kxʔ��<br />

Cua cʔ�<br />

Kua cʔ�<br />

Tsua cʔ�<br />

Hietshware tše<br />

42<br />

References Dornan 90; Vossen 462-63.<br />

Number 109<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔ�<br />

Meaning to cry, sound, weep<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 111<br />

|Xaise kʔě<br />

Deti cʔě<br />

Cara cʔě<br />

Tsixa kʔ�<br />

Danisi cʔě<br />

Kua kʔé<br />

Tsua kʔé<br />

Hietshware ǂkee; ǂkeo "a cry"<br />

References Dornan 101, 102; Vossen 487-88.<br />

Number 110<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔó<br />

Meaning (to eat) meat<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 112<br />

|Xaise kʔǒ<br />

Deti kʔǒ

Cara kʔò<br />

Tsixa kʔó<br />

Danisi kxʔǒ<br />

Kua kʔó<br />

Tsua kʔó<br />

Hietshware koho<br />

Sehura $kohu<br />

Notes Hietšware k < *kx through dissimilation?<br />

References Bleek 688; Dornan 104; Vossen 433.<br />

Number 111<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔóà<br />

Meaning new<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 113<br />

Deti kʔóá<br />

Cara kʔóá<br />

Tsixa kʔóà<br />

References Vossen 471.<br />

Number 112<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔobó<br />

Meaning soft<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise kʔòbó<br />

Cara kʔòbó<br />

Danisi kxʔòbó<br />

Kua kʔóbó<br />

Tsua kʔóbó<br />

Hietshware khoboi<br />

43<br />

References Dornan 103; Vossen 506.

Number 113<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔúnì<br />

Meaning louse<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 114<br />

|Xaise kʔúnì<br />

Deti kʔúnì<br />

Cara kʔúnì<br />

Tsixa kʔùní<br />

Kua kʔúnì<br />

Tsua kʔúnì<br />

References Vossen 462.<br />

Number 114<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔúí<br />

Meaning to speak<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 115<br />

|Xaise kʔùí<br />

Deti kʔùí<br />

Cara kʔùí<br />

Tsixa kʔùí, kxʔùí<br />

Kua kʔúí<br />

Tsua kʔúí<br />

Hietshware |kwi<br />

44<br />

References Dornan 105; Vossen 493.<br />

Number 115<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔṹ�<br />

Meaning to live<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 116<br />

|Xaise kʔṹ�<br />

Deti kʔṹ�<br />

Cara kʔṹ�

Tsixa kʔṹ�<br />

Danisi kxʔṹ�<br />

Kua kʔṹ�<br />

Tsua kʔṹ�<br />

Hietshware kwia<br />

45<br />

References Dornan 105; Vossen 462.<br />

Number 116<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *mâ<br />

Meaning head<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 117<br />

|Xaise mâ<br />

Deti má<br />

Cara má<br />

Danisi mà<br />

Cua mâ<br />

Kua mâ<br />

Hietshware hma<br />

References Dornan 97; Vossen 458-59.<br />

Number 117<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *má<br />

Meaning who?<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 119<br />

Deti má<br />

Cara má<br />

Tsixa má(é)<br />

Danisi má(é)<br />

Kua má<br />

References Vossen 265-267.

Number 118<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *mí<br />

Meaning to say<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 120<br />

Cara mí<br />

Hietshware me<br />

46<br />

References Dornan 106; Vossen 480-81.<br />

Number 119<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *m�<br />

Meaning to see<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 121<br />

|Xaise m�<br />

Deti m�<br />

Cara m�<br />

Tsixa m�<br />

Danisi m�<br />

Kua m�<br />

Tsua m�<br />

Hietshware moe "to be visible", moo "to see"<br />

References Dornan 106; Vossen 490.<br />

Number 120<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *nV<br />

Meaning interr. base<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 122<br />

Cara ná "who?"<br />

Tsixa né "what?"<br />

Kua nǎ "who?", ná "what?"<br />

Hietshware na-re "who?", na-te "what?"<br />

References Dornan 65; Vossen 265-267.

Number 121<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *úè<br />

Meaning to answer<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 123<br />

Tsua ʔúè<br />

Hietshware wee<br />

47<br />

References Dornan 112; Vossen 416.<br />

Number 122<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *pá<br />

Meaning to bite<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 124<br />

|Xaise pá<br />

Deti pá<br />

Cara pá<br />

Tsixa pá<br />

Danisi pá<br />

Kua pá<br />

Tsua pá<br />

Hietshware pha<br />

References Baucom 30; Dornan 108; Vossen 422.<br />

Number 123<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *pê<br />

Meaning to jump<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 125<br />

|Xaise pé<br />

Deti pé<br />

Cara pé<br />

Tsixa pé-ré-'ò "to jump over"<br />

Danisi pê

Kua pê<br />

Tsua pê<br />

Hietshware pee<br />

References Bleek 157; Dornan 108; Vossen 493; Vossen 1998: 294.<br />

Number 124<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *pî<br />

Meaning milk<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 126<br />

|Xaise pî<br />

Deti pí<br />

Cara pí<br />

Tsixa pî<br />

Danisi pî<br />

Kua pí<br />

Tsua pî<br />

Hietshware pii<br />

Sehura pi, pii<br />

References Bleek 158; Dornan 108; Vossen 469.<br />

Number 125<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *qâ<br />

Meaning to glow, melt<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 127<br />

Tsixa qâ(-sì)<br />

Danisi qâ(-sì)<br />

References Vossen 443.<br />

Number 126<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *qà�<br />

Meaning gall, bile<br />

48

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 128<br />

Tsixa qàḿ<br />

Danisi qà�<br />

References Vossen 440.<br />

Number 127<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *qárí<br />

Meaning good, pleasant<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 129<br />

Tsua qádí<br />

References Vossen 445.<br />

Number 128<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *qóǹ<br />

Meaning to stir<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 130<br />

Danisi qóǹ<br />

References Vossen 498.<br />

Number 129<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *sa<br />

49<br />

Meaning 1 to refuse, decline; 2 to miss<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 131<br />

|Xaise sá 2<br />

Deti sǎ2<br />

Cara sá 2<br />

Tsixa sá 1, 2<br />

Danisi sá 1, 2<br />

Kua sá 2<br />

Tsua sá 2<br />

References Vossen 413, 500-501.

Number 130<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *sá<br />

Meaning thou (f.)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 132<br />

|Xaise sá<br />

Deti sá<br />

Cara sá<br />

Tsixa sá<br />

Danisi sá<br />

50<br />

Cua šá (Nata), sá (Letakana)<br />

Kua sá<br />

Tsua sá<br />

References Vossen 234-250.<br />

Number 131<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *s�<br />

Meaning to rest<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 133<br />

|Xaise s�<br />

Cara s�<br />

Tsixa s�<br />

Danisi s�<br />

Kua s�<br />

Tsua s�<br />

Hietshware sa, saa<br />

References Dornan 108; Vossen 419.<br />

Number 132<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *sáḿ<br />

Meaning breast (female)

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 134<br />

|Xaise sáḿ<br />

Deti sàḿ<br />

Cara sáḿ<br />

Cua sá�<br />

Kua sàḿ<br />

Tsua sá�<br />

Hietshware sa�<br />

51<br />

References Dornan 108; Vossen 438.<br />

Number 133<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *sáò<br />

Meaning your fa<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 135<br />

|Xaise sáó<br />

Deti sá<br />

Cara sà<br />

Tsixa só<br />

Danisi só<br />

References Vossen 499-500.<br />

Number 134<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *sê<br />

Meaning to take<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 137<br />

|Xaise sê<br />

Deti sê<br />

Cara sê<br />

Danisi sê<br />

Kua sê<br />

Tsua sê<br />

Hietshware se

52<br />

References Dornan 108; Vossen 471.<br />

Number 135<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ca-m (m.), *sa-m (f.), *kha-m (c.)<br />

Meaning we (excl. dual)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 138<br />

|Xaise cáḿ (m.d.); sáḿ (f.d.); kháḿ (c.d.)<br />

Deti ʔà-cáḿ (m.d.); ʔà-sáḿ (f.d.); ʔà-kháḿ (c.d.)<br />

Cara ʒáḿ (m.d.); sáḿ (f.d.); kháḿ (c.d.)<br />

Tsixa cúḿ (m.d.); súḿ (f.d.); khúḿ (c.d.)<br />

Danisi cúḿ (m.d.); súḿ (f.d.); kháḿ (c.d.)<br />

Cua cábè (m.d.); sábè (f.d.); khábè (c.d.)<br />

Kua cábè (m.d.); sábè (f.d.); khábè (c.d.)<br />

Tsua cábè (m.d.); sábè (f.d.); khábè (c.d.)<br />

References Vossen 234-250.<br />

Number 136<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *sírì<br />

Meaning your mo<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 139<br />

|Xaise sídì<br />

Deti sídí<br />

Cara sìdì<br />

Tsixa sídí<br />

Danisi sídí<br />

References Vossen 469.<br />

Number 137<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *so<br />

Meaning lung<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 140

|Xaise cò<br />

Deti sò<br />

Kua só<br />

Tsua sô<br />

Hietshware šoo<br />

53<br />

References Dornan 109; Vossen 465.<br />

Number 138<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *sô<br />

Meaning to cut (with knife)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 141<br />

Tsixa sô<br />

Danisi sô<br />

References Vossen 487.<br />

Number 139<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *só�<br />

Meaning shade, shadow<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 142<br />

|Xaise só�<br />

Deti só�<br />

Cara só�<br />

Tsixa só�<br />

Danisi só�<br />

Kua sú�<br />

Tsua sú�<br />

Hietshware šo�<br />

References Dornan 109; Vossen 484.<br />

Number 140<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *sórò

Meaning iguana<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 143<br />

|Xaise sódò<br />

Deti sódò<br />

Cara sódò<br />

Kua sódò<br />

Tsua sódò<br />

Hietshware šoro<br />

54<br />

References Dornan 109; Vossen 463.<br />

Number 141<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *súbú<br />

Meaning to be light (in weight)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 144<br />

Deti sùbú<br />

Cara súbú<br />

Tsixa súbú<br />

Danisi súbú<br />

Kua súbú<br />

References Vossen 463.<br />

Number 142<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *súnù<br />

Meaning to brea<strong>the</strong>, inhale<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 145<br />

Danisi súnù<br />

References Vossen 417.<br />

Number 143<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tan<br />

Meaning to stand up, rise

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 146<br />

|Xaise tàǹ<br />

Cara tàǹ<br />

Tsixa tàǹ<br />

Danisi tàǹ<br />

Cua táń<br />

Kua táń<br />

Tsua tàǹ<br />

55<br />

Hietshware than "to stand by, wake up"<br />

References Dornan 110; Vossen 418.<br />

Number 144<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *táó<br />

Meaning to trample<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 147<br />

|Xaise táó<br />

Deti tàó<br />

Cara táó<br />

Tsixa táó<br />

Danisi táó<br />

Kua táó<br />

Tsua táó<br />

References Vossen 494.<br />

Number 145<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *te<br />

Meaning to stand<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 148<br />

Deti tě<br />

Cara tè<br />

Tsixa t<br />

Danisi té

Kua té<br />

Tsua tè<br />

Hietshware <strong>the</strong><br />

56<br />

References Dornan 110; Vossen 495.<br />

Number 146<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tantabV (?)<br />

Meaning butterfly<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 150<br />

Hietshware thanta bure<br />

References Dornan 110.<br />

Number 147<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *t�<br />

Meaning thigh<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 151<br />

|Xaise t�<br />

Cara t�<br />

Tsixa t�<br />

Danisi t�<br />

Cua t�<br />

Hietshware tee<br />

References Dornan 109; Vossen 473.<br />

Number 148<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tí[-re]/*tá<br />

Meaning I, me<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 152<br />

|Xaise tá<br />

Deti tá<br />

Cara tá

Tsixa tí<br />

Danisi tá<br />

57<br />

Cua tyíre (Nata), tyé (Letakana)<br />

Kua kyé, kyédì<br />

Tsua kyé, kyédè<br />

Hietshware tši<br />

References Dornan 90; Vossen 234, 238, 239, etc..<br />

Number 149<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tó�<br />

Meaning to swallow<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 153<br />

|Xaise tó�<br />

Cara tó�<br />

Tsixa tó�<br />

Danisi tó�<br />

Kua tú�<br />

Tsua tó�<br />

Hietshware tho�<br />

References Dornan 110; Vossen 502.<br />

Number 150<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tú<br />

Meaning rain; to rain<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 154<br />

|Xaise tú<br />

Deti tǔ<br />

Cara tú<br />

Tsixa tú<br />

Danisi tú<br />

Kua tú<br />

Tsua tú

Hietshware tu<br />

Sehura tu<br />

58<br />

References Dornan 111; Vossen 477.<br />

Number 151<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *thàḿ<br />

Meaning soft<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 155<br />

|Xaise thà�<br />

Deti thàḿ<br />

Cara thàḿ<br />

Tsixa thàḿ<br />

Danisi thàḿ<br />

Kua thàḿ<br />

Tsua thàḿ<br />

References Vossen 506.<br />

Number 152<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *thau<br />

Meaning ashes<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 156<br />

Danisi thàú<br />

References Vossen 416.<br />

Number 153<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *thǔ<br />

Meaning night<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 157<br />

Cara thǔ<br />

Tsixa thǔ<br />

Danisi thǔ

References Vossen 470.<br />

Number 154<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *th�<br />

Meaning to hurt, ache<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 158<br />

|Xaise th�<br />

Deti thṹ<br />

Cara th�<br />

Danisi th�<br />

Kua th�<br />

Tsua th�<br />

Hietshware thoo "to be sorry <strong>for</strong>; mercy, pain"<br />

59<br />

References Dornan 110; Vossen 485.<br />

Number 155<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *thùí<br />

Meaning wound<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 159<br />

|Xaise thùí<br />

Deti thùí<br />

Cara thùí<br />

Tsixa thùí<br />

Danisi thùí<br />

Kua thùí<br />

References Vossen 508-9.<br />

Number 156<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *thùrú<br />

Meaning to skin, plume, shed skin (of snake)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 160

|Xaise thùdú<br />

Tsixa thùdú<br />

Danisi thùdú<br />

Kua thùdú<br />

Tsua thùdú<br />

References Vossen 448.<br />

Number 157<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tʔǎ<br />

Meaning to cut (with axe)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 161<br />

|Xaise tʔá<br />

Deti tʔǎ<br />

Cara tʔǎ<br />

Kua tʔǎ<br />

Tsua tʔǎ<br />

Hietshware tha "to carve, cut"<br />

60<br />

References Dornan 109; Vossen 487.<br />

Number 158<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tʔèré<br />

Meaning to be rotten; lazy<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 162<br />

|Xaise tʔàdé<br />

Tsixa tʔ�d�<br />

Danisi tʔédé<br />

References Vossen 434.<br />

Number 159<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tʔṹ�<br />

Meaning good, pretty

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 163<br />

|Xaise tʔṹ�<br />

Deti tʔṹ�<br />

Tsixa tʔṹ�<br />

Danisi tʔṹ�<br />

Kua tʔṹ�<br />

Tsua tʔṹ�<br />

61<br />

Hietshware twenye "fine, pretty"<br />

References Dornan 111; Vossen 445-46.<br />

Number 160<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tê<br />

Meaning bow<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 164<br />

Cara tê<br />

Danisi tê<br />

Kua tê<br />

Tsua tê<br />

Sehura dä<br />

References Bleek 23; Vossen 454.<br />

Number 161<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tUe<br />

Meaning to move away, move out, fly<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 165<br />

|Xaise tòé<br />

Cara tòé<br />

Danisi tòé<br />

Kua túè<br />

Tsua túè<br />

Hietshware dhwe "to remove"; twe "to remove one's residence"<br />

References Dornan 92, 111; Vossen 505.

Number 162<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xá�<br />

Meaning to swell<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 166<br />

|Xaise x��<br />

Deti x��<br />

Cara x��<br />

Tsixa x��<br />

Danisi x��<br />

Kua x��<br />

Tsua x��<br />

Hietshware haie<br />

62<br />

References Dornan 97; Vossen 490.<br />

Number 163<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xáḿ<br />

Meaning lion<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 167<br />

|Xaise xà�<br />

Deti xàḿ<br />

Cara xáḿ<br />

Tsixa xáḿ<br />

Danisi xáḿ<br />

Kua xáḿ<br />

Tsua xáḿ<br />

Hietshware kham, hōm<br />

Sehura cham<br />

References Bleek 256; Dornan 97, 102; Vossen 465.<br />

Number 164

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xóḿ<br />

63<br />

Meaning ground, soil, sand<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 169<br />

|Xaise xóḿ<br />

Deti xòḿ<br />

Cara xóḿ<br />

Tsixa xóḿ<br />

Danisi xóḿ<br />

Kua xóḿ<br />

Tsua xóḿ<br />

Hietshware hom "sand"<br />

Sehura chum "boundary"<br />

References Bleek 261; Dornan 97; Vossen 426.<br />

Number 165<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xú<br />

Meaning thing<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 170<br />

|Xaise xú<br />

Deti xú<br />

Cara xú<br />

Tsixa xû<br />

Danisi xû<br />

Kua xú<br />

Tsua xú<br />

Hietshware ghu, huu<br />

References Dornan 95, 98; Vossen 428.<br />

Number 166<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xú<br />

Meaning to leave behind<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 171

|Xaise xú<br />

Deti xú<br />

Cara xú<br />

Danisi xú<br />

Kua xú<br />

Tsua xú<br />

Hietshware huu<br />

64<br />

References Dornan 98; Vossen 510.<br />

Number 167<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xúń<br />

Meaning to grind<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 172<br />

|Xaise xúń<br />

Deti xùń<br />

Cara xúń<br />

Tsixa xúń<br />

Danisi xúń<br />

Kua xùń<br />

Tsua xùń<br />

Hietshware khon<br />

References Dornan 103; Vossen 509.<br />

Number 168<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xúnì<br />

Meaning to blow <strong>the</strong> nose; snot, mucus<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 173<br />

Cara xúní<br />

Danisi xúnì<br />

References Vossen 486.

Number 169<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʒèrá<br />

Meaning bird<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 174<br />

|Xaise ʒédà<br />

Deti ʒàdà<br />

Cara ʒàdà<br />

Tsixa ʒìdá<br />

Danisi ʒàdá<br />

Kua ʒédá<br />

Tsua ʒédà<br />

Hietshware zera<br />

65<br />

References Dornan 112; Vossen 503.<br />

Number 170<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʒàró<br />

Meaning to ga<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 175<br />

Deti ʒàdò<br />

Tsixa ʒódó<br />

Danisi ʒádó<br />

Hietshware zara "to select"; zaro "to clean corn" (?)<br />

References Dornan 112; Vossen 417.<br />

Number 171<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʒau<br />

Meaning omen<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 176<br />

|Xaise ʒáù<br />

Cara ʒáú<br />

Danisi ʒàú<br />

Kua ʒàú

Tsua ʒàú<br />

66<br />

Hietshware zau "an evil omen"<br />

References Dornan 112; Vossen 504.<br />

Number 172<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʒ�<br />

Meaning foot<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 177<br />

|Xaise ʒ�<br />

Deti ʒ�<br />

Cara ʒ�<br />

Tsixa ʒ�<br />

Danisi ʒ�<br />

References Vossen 440.<br />

Number 173<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʒírà<br />

Meaning to suffer<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise ʒídà<br />

Cara ʒídà<br />

Tsixa ʒídà<br />

Danisi ʒídà<br />

Kua ʒídà<br />

Tsua ʒídà<br />

References Vossen 463.<br />

Number 174<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʒìrí<br />

Meaning monkey<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 178

|Xaise ʒàdí<br />

Cara ʒàdí<br />

Tsixa ʒídí<br />

Danisi ʒìdí<br />

67<br />

Hietshware ǯwene "baboon" (?)<br />

Notes <strong>The</strong> Hietšware <strong>for</strong>m is unclear.<br />

References Dornan 99; Vossen 414.<br />

Number 175<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|á<br />

Meaning to skin<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 179<br />

|Xaise |á<br />

Kua |á<br />

Tsua |á<br />

References Vossen 448.<br />

Number 176<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ábá<br />

Meaning headwear, cap<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 180<br />

Deti |ábá<br />

Tsixa |ábá<br />

Danisi |ábá<br />

Kua |ábá<br />

Tsua |àbà "einen Hut tragen"<br />

References Vossen 459.<br />

Number 177<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ábà<br />

Meaning to mature

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 181<br />

|Xaise |àbá<br />

Deti |ábà<br />

Cara |àbá<br />

Tsixa |àbá<br />

Danisi |àbá<br />

Kua |ábà<br />

Tsua |ábà<br />

References Vossen 466.<br />

Number 178<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|áḿ<br />

Meaning sun, day<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 182<br />

|Xaise |áḿ<br />

Cara |áḿ<br />

Tsixa |áḿ<br />

Danisi |áḿ<br />

Kua |áḿ<br />

Tsua |áḿ<br />

Hietshware |kam<br />

Sehura $gam<br />

References Bleek 687; Dornan 100; Vossen 492.<br />

Number 179<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|á�<br />

Meaning two<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 183<br />

|Xaise |á�<br />

Deti |á�<br />

Cara |á�<br />

Tsixa |á�<br />

68

Danisi |á�<br />

Kua |á�<br />

Tsua |á�<br />

Hietshware |kame<br />

69<br />

References Dornan 64; Vossen 510.<br />

Number 180<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|áò<br />

Meaning buffalo<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 184<br />

|Xaise |áò<br />

Deti |áò<br />

Cara |áò<br />

Tsixa |áò<br />

Danisi |áò<br />

Kua |áò<br />

Hietshware |hao<br />

References Dornan 97; Vossen 427.<br />

Number 181<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|é<br />

Meaning gnu<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 185<br />

|Xaise |é<br />

Deti |é<br />

Cara |é<br />

Tsixa |é<br />

Danisi |é<br />

Kua |é<br />

Tsua |é<br />

Hietshware |kee<br />

Sehura $gue

References Bleek 688; Dornan 101; Vossen 444.<br />

Number 182<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|í<br />

Meaning to sing<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 186<br />

|Xaise |í<br />

Deti |í<br />

Cara |í<br />

Tsua |í<br />

Hietshware |ghii "to dance"<br />

70<br />

References Dornan 95; Vossen 491.<br />

Number 183<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|i<br />

Meaning aardwolf<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 187<br />

Danisi |î<br />

References Vossen 432.<br />

Number 184<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ǒ<br />

Meaning to obtain, receive<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 188<br />

Deti |ô<br />

Cara |ǒ<br />

Tsixa �ô<br />

Danisi |ǒ<br />

References Vossen 432.

Number 185<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ṍ�<br />

Meaning child<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 189<br />

|Xaise |ṍ�<br />

Deti |��<br />

Cara |ṍ�<br />

Tsixa |ṍ�<br />

Danisi |ṍ�<br />

Kua |��<br />

Tsua |ṍ�<br />

71<br />

Hietshware |kwa, |gwa "baby"<br />

Sehura $kan "young man"<br />

References Bleek 688; Dornan 105; Vossen 455-456.<br />

Number 186<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|oba<br />

Meaning python<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 190<br />

Deti |óbá<br />

Cara |òbá<br />

Tsixa |òbá<br />

Danisi |óbà<br />

Hietshware |goma<br />

Notes Irregular -m- in Hietšware.<br />

References Bleek 281; Dornan 96; Vossen 475-6.<br />

Number 187<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|úḿ<br />

Meaning to suck<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 191<br />

|Xaise |úḿ

Deti |úḿ<br />

Cara |úḿ<br />

Tsixa |úḿ<br />

Danisi |úḿ<br />

References Vossen 482.<br />

Number 188<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|û<br />

Meaning near (to be)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 192<br />

|Xaise |û<br />

Deti |û<br />

Cara |û<br />

Tsixa |û<br />

Danisi |û<br />

Kua |û<br />

Tsua |û<br />

Hietshware |ku<br />

References Bleek 322; Dornan 104; Vossen 470.<br />

Number 189<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ú<br />

Meaning o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 193<br />

Cara |ú<br />

Tsixa |ú<br />

Danisi |ú<br />

References Vossen 415.<br />

Number 190<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|úí<br />

72

Meaning one<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 194<br />

|Xaise |úí<br />

Deti |úí<br />

Cara |úí<br />

Tsixa |úí<br />

Danisi |úí<br />

Kua |úí<br />

Tsua |úí<br />

73<br />

Hietshware kwie; gwiya "alone"<br />

References Baucom 25; Dornan 64, 97; Vossen 429.<br />

Number 191<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|um<br />

Meaning navel<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 195<br />

Deti |ù�<br />

Cara |ú�<br />

Cua |úḿ<br />

Tsua |ú�<br />

References Vossen 469.<br />

Number 192<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔě<br />

Meaning fire<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 196<br />

Cara |ʔě<br />

Tsixa |ʔě<br />

Danisi |ʔě<br />

Kua |ʔé<br />

Tsua |ʔé<br />

Hietshware |'e, |ee, |ke (Bau.)

74<br />

References Baucom 31; Vossen 435.<br />

Number 193<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔá�<br />

Meaning to whisper<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 197<br />

Deti |ʔáḿ<br />

Cara |ʔà�<br />

Tsixa |ʔà�<br />

Danisi |ʔá�<br />

Hietshware |kam<br />

References Dornan 100; Vossen 437.<br />

Number 194<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔáò<br />

Meaning blood<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 198<br />

|Xaise |ʔáò<br />

Deti |ʔáò<br />

Cara |ʔáò<br />

Tsixa |ʔáò<br />

Danisi |ʔáò<br />

Cua |ʔáò<br />

References Vossen 425.<br />

Number 195<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔǐ<br />

Meaning to shave<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 199<br />

|Xaise |ʔǐ<br />

Cara |ʔǐ

Kua |ʔí<br />

Tsua |ʔí<br />

Hietshware |gii<br />

References Bleek 279; Dornan 95; Vossen 476.<br />

Number 196<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔô<br />

Meaning dry; barren<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 200<br />

Kua |ʔô<br />

Tsua |ʔô<br />

75<br />

Hietshware |ko "to dry", |koo "dryness"<br />

References Dornan 104; Vossen 497-498.<br />

Number 197<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔṍ�<br />

Meaning bone<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 201<br />

|Xaise |ʔṍ�<br />

Deti |ʔ��<br />

Cara |ʔṍ�<br />

Tsixa |ʔṍ�<br />

Danisi |ʔṍ�<br />

Cua |ʔṍ�<br />

Kua |ʔ��<br />

Tsua |ʔṍ�<br />

Hietshware n|gwa (?)<br />

Sehura $oa<br />

Mohissa $oa "leg"<br />

References Bleek 689; Dornan 107; Vossen 458.

Number 198<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔ�<br />

Meaning hair<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 202<br />

|Xaise |ʔ�<br />

Deti |ʔ�<br />

Cara |ʔṹ<br />

Tsixa |ʔ�<br />

Danisi |ʔ�<br />

Cua |ʔ�<br />

Kua |ʔ�<br />

Tsua |ʔ�<br />

76<br />

Hietshware |hoo; |go "fea<strong>the</strong>r"<br />

Sehura $ung<br />

References Bleek 689; Dornan 95, 97; Vossen 446.<br />

Number 199<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔúí<br />

Meaning stone; mountain<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 203<br />

Deti |ʔúí<br />

Cara |ʔúì<br />

Sehura $ui<br />

References Bleek 689; Vossen 495.<br />

Number 200<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔúì<br />

Meaning affine<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 204<br />

|Xaise |ʔúí<br />

Deti |ʔúí<br />

Cara |ʔúí

Tsixa |ʔúí<br />

Tsua |ʔúì<br />

References Vossen 502.<br />

Number 201<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔúrù<br />

Meaning to <strong>for</strong>get<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 205<br />

|Xaise |ʔúdú<br />

Deti |ʔúdú<br />

Cara |ʔúdú<br />

Tsixa |ʔúdù<br />

Danisi |ʔúdú<br />

Kua |ʔúdù<br />

Tsua |ʔúdù<br />

Hietshware ñ|ghuru<br />

References Bleek 150; Dornan 107; Vossen 501.<br />

Number 202<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�àná<br />

Meaning leaf<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 206<br />

|Xaise �ànà<br />

Deti ��<br />

Cara �àná<br />

Tsixa �àná<br />

Danisi �àná<br />

Hietshware |gana<br />

77<br />

References Dornan 94; Vossen 424-5.<br />

Number 203

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�aro<br />

Meaning ostrich<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 207<br />

|Xaise �ádó<br />

Deti �ádó<br />

Cara �àdò<br />

Tsixa �àdò<br />

Danisi �ádò<br />

Kua �àdó<br />

Tsua �àdó<br />

Hietshware |garo<br />

78<br />

References Dornan 94; Vossen 496.<br />

Number 204<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *��<br />

Meaning vagina<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise ��<br />

Deti ��<br />

Cara ��<br />

Cua ��<br />

Tsua ��<br />

References Vossen 499.<br />

Number 205<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ínì<br />

Meaning fly (n.)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 208<br />

|Xaise �ínì<br />

Deti �ínì<br />

Cara �ínì<br />

Tsixa �ínì

Danisi �íní<br />

Kua �ínì<br />

Tsua �íní<br />

Hietshware |genee<br />

79<br />

References Dornan 95; Vossen 436.<br />

Number 206<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�írì<br />

Meaning fox<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 209<br />

|Xaise �ídì<br />

Deti �ídè<br />

Tsixa �ídè<br />

Danisi �ídè<br />

Tsua �ídè<br />

Hietshware |gire "silver jackal"<br />

References Dornan 95; Vossen 439.<br />

Number 207<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�òḿ<br />

Meaning to pull out<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 210<br />

|Xaise �ù�<br />

Deti �òḿ<br />

Cara �ùḿ<br />

Kua �òḿ<br />

Tsua �òḿ<br />

Hietshware gom "to pull up"<br />

References Dornan 95; Vossen 449.<br />

Number 208

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ùí<br />

Meaning bushland<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 211<br />

Deti �ùì "bush"<br />

Tsixa �ùí(-ŋ�)<br />

Danisi �ùí<br />

Kua �ùí<br />

References Vossen 427.<br />

Number 209<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|hǐ<br />

Meaning black rhinoceros<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 213<br />

Deti |hǐ<br />

Cara |hǐ<br />

Danisi |hí<br />

Kua |hǐ<br />

Hietshware khii<br />

80<br />

References Dornan 103; Vossen 492.<br />

Number 210<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|xá<br />

Meaning muscle; body<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 215<br />

|Xaise |xá<br />

Deti |xà "lip"<br />

Cara |xà "a boneless piece of meat"<br />

Kua |xá<br />

Tsua |xá<br />

References Vossen 468-9.

Number 211<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *k(x)abi<br />

Meaning ostrich eggshell<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 216<br />

Mohissa kabi<br />

References Bleek 76.<br />

Number 212<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔae<br />

Meaning to fall<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 217<br />

|Xaise |ʔáé<br />

Deti |ʔàé<br />

Cara |ʔáé<br />

Tsixa |ʔàè<br />

Danisi |ʔáé<br />

Kua |ʔàé<br />

Tsua |ʔàé<br />

Hietshware |kaeje (Mg.)<br />

81<br />

References Maingard 1963:102; Vossen 434.<br />

Number 213<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔáǹ<br />

Meaning bad<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 218<br />

|Xaise |ʔáǹ<br />

Cara |ʔáǹ<br />

Tsixa |ʔáǹ<br />

Danisi |ʔáǹ<br />

Kua |ʔáǹ<br />

Tsua |ʔáǹ<br />

References Vossen 485.

Number 214<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔáó<br />

Meaning snake<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 219<br />

|Xaise |ʔàó<br />

Deti |ʔàó<br />

Cara |ʔàó<br />

Danisi |ʔàó<br />

Kua |ʔáó<br />

Tsua |ʔáó<br />

Hietshware |gauo<br />

82<br />

References Dornan 95; Vossen 485.<br />

Number 215<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔáré<br />

Meaning small (to be)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 220<br />

Deti |ʔàdé<br />

Cara |ʔádé<br />

Danisi |ʔádé<br />

Kua |ʔàdé<br />

Tsua |ʔàdé<br />

Hietshware kare "a little"<br />

References Dornan 101; Vossen 457.<br />

Number 216<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔóé<br />

Meaning to be full<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 221<br />

|Xaise |ʔóè

Deti |ʔóé<br />

Cara |ʔóé<br />

Tsixa |ʔó�<br />

Danisi |xʔóé<br />

Kua |ʔóè<br />

Tsua |ʔóé<br />

Hietshware |kweha<br />

83<br />

References Dornan 105; Vossen 503.<br />

Number 217<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔóǹ<br />

Meaning name<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 222<br />

|Xaise |ʔóǹ<br />

Deti |ʔúń<br />

Cara |ʔóǹ<br />

Tsixa |ʔòǹ<br />

Danisi |xʔúǹ<br />

Kua |ʔúǹ<br />

Tsua |ʔúǹ<br />

Hietshware |kun, ǁkun<br />

References Dornan 105; Vossen 470-1.<br />

Number 218<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ʔũ<br />

Meaning to kill<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 223<br />

|Xaise |ʔ�<br />

Cara |ʔ�<br />

Tsixa |ʔ�<br />

Danisi |xʔ�<br />

Kua |ʔṹ

Tsua |ʔṹ<br />

Hietshware |goo<br />

84<br />

References Dornan 96; Vossen 497.<br />

Number 219<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ámì<br />

Meaning to throw (in <strong>the</strong> air)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 226<br />

|Xaise �námí<br />

Kua �nímì<br />

References Vossen 507.<br />

Number 220<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *���<br />

Meaning duiker<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 227<br />

Tsixa �náò<br />

Danisi �n��<br />

Hietshware khoa (?); goowah (Sel.) (? < *ŋoa?) (?)<br />

Sehura ñóa<br />

Notes Irregular vocalism in Tsixa.<br />

References Bleek 49, 148; Dornan 103; Vossen 429.<br />

Number 221<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�é<br />

Meaning this<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 228<br />

Tsixa �né<br />

Kua �ní<br />

Tsua �ní<br />

References Vossen 251, 252, 253, 254, 255.

Number 222<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�óá<br />

Meaning to cook<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 230<br />

|Xaise �óá<br />

Deti �nòá<br />

Cara �óá<br />

Tsixa �óá<br />

Danisi �óá<br />

References Vossen 458.<br />

Number 223<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�òá<br />

Meaning red, brown<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 231<br />

|Xaise |òá<br />

Deti �óá<br />

Cara |òá<br />

Danisi |òá<br />

References Vossen 479.<br />

Number 224<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�û<br />

Meaning leg<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 232<br />

|Xaise �û<br />

Deti �nú<br />

Cara �ú<br />

Tsixa �û<br />

Danisi �û<br />

85

Kua �û<br />

Tsua �ú<br />

References Vossen 422.<br />

Number 225<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *$u- (?)<br />

Meaning hyaena<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 233<br />

86<br />

Sehura $dutsa "brown hyaena"<br />

References Bleek 687.<br />

Number 226<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ũ<br />

Meaning war<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 234<br />

Cara |�<br />

Kua |�<br />

Tsua |�<br />

Hietshware |goo<br />

References Dornan 96; Vossen 460.<br />

Number 227<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|oe<br />

Meaning digging stick<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 235<br />

|Xaise |òé<br />

Cara |òé<br />

Tsixa |óè<br />

Danisi |òé<br />

Kua |óé<br />

Tsua |óé

References Vossen 444.<br />

Number 228<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�úmá<br />

Meaning to kiss<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise �númá<br />

Deti �númá<br />

Cara �númá<br />

Kua �númá<br />

Tsua �númá<br />

Hietshware ñgoma<br />

87<br />

References Dornan 107; Vossen 461.<br />

Number 229<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *$nUm (?)<br />

Meaning beard<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 236<br />

Sehura $nosum (?)<br />

References Bleek 689.<br />

Number 230<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|a<br />

Meaning belly, stomach<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 237<br />

|Xaise |à<br />

Deti |â<br />

Cara |ǎ<br />

Tsixa |â<br />

Danisi |ǎ<br />

Cua |ǎ

Kua |à<br />

Tsua |â<br />

88<br />

Hietshware |kaa "a gemsbok's stomach"; |khaa "<strong>the</strong> paunch of an animal"<br />

References Dornan 99, 102; Vossen 419.<br />

Number 231<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|�àṹ<br />

Meaning to spread<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Deti ��ṹ<br />

Cara ��ṹ<br />

Tsixa ���<br />

Danisi ��ṹ<br />

Kua ���<br />

Tsua ��ṹ<br />

Notes Cf. PWKH *ǁxau id.?<br />

References Vossen 418.<br />

Number 232<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|xáì<br />

Meaning to spray, sprinkle<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 238<br />

|Xaise |xáì<br />

Deti |xàí "(be)sprengen (mit Wasser)"<br />

Cara |xáì<br />

Danisi |xáì<br />

References Vossen 423.<br />

Number 233<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|xáḿ<br />

Meaning urine, to urinate

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 239<br />

|Xaise |xáḿ<br />

Deti |xàḿ<br />

Cara |xáḿ<br />

Tsixa |xáḿ<br />

Danisi |xáḿ<br />

Cua |xáḿ<br />

Kua |xàḿ<br />

Tsua |xàḿ<br />

Hietshware |kham<br />

89<br />

References Dornan 102; Vossen 499.<br />

Number 234<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *$[]anV (?)<br />

Meaning guinea-fowl<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 240<br />

Hietshware !ganee<br />

References Dornan 94.<br />

Number 235<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|xánì<br />

Meaning star<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 241<br />

|Xaise |xání<br />

Deti |xánì<br />

Cara |xínì<br />

Tsixa |xánì<br />

Danisi |xánì<br />

Kua |xánì<br />

Tsua |xáinì<br />

Hietshware ǂkhaine<br />

Sehura $chane

References Bleek 689; Dornan 102; Vossen 496.<br />

Number 236<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *$o<br />

Meaning gemsbok<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 242<br />

90<br />

Hietshware |khoo (Mg.); ko (Sel.)<br />

References Bleek 95; Maingard 1963:103.<br />

Number 237<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|xú<br />

Meaning <strong>for</strong>tune<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 243<br />

|Xaise |xú<br />

Deti |xú<br />

Cara |xú<br />

Danisi |xú<br />

Kua |xú<br />

References Vossen 474.<br />

Number 238<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|xúrú<br />

Meaning to tremble, freeze<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 244<br />

|Xaise |xúdú<br />

Cara |xúdú<br />

Tsixa |xódù<br />

Danisi |xúdú<br />

Kua |xúdú<br />

Tsua |xúdú<br />

References Vossen 510.

Number 239<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|xúí<br />

Meaning to curse<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 245<br />

Tsixa |xúí<br />

Danisi |xúí<br />

References Vossen 501.<br />

Number 240<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|xṹ�<br />

Meaning to vomit<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 246<br />

|Xaise |xṹ�<br />

Deti |xṹ�<br />

Cara |xṹ�<br />

Tsixa |xṹ�<br />

Danisi |xṹ�<br />

Kua |xṹ�<br />

Tsua |xṹ�<br />

References Vossen 431.<br />

Number 241<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|xúrí<br />

91<br />

Meaning to be careful, cunning<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 247<br />

Cara |xúdí<br />

Tsixa |xúdí<br />

Danisi |xúdí<br />

References Vossen 464.

Number 242<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|xúrí<br />

Meaning seed<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 248<br />

Deti |xúdí<br />

Cara |xúdí<br />

Danisi |xúdí<br />

Kua |xúdí<br />

Tsua |xúdí<br />

92<br />

Hietshware |khuri "a grain of seed"<br />

References Dornan 103; Vossen 480.<br />

Number 243<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ć�<br />

Meaning to enter<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 251<br />

|Xaise ć�<br />

Deti ć�<br />

Cara ć�<br />

Tsixa ǂ�<br />

Danisi ć�<br />

Kua ky�<br />

Tsua ky�<br />

Hietshware tšaa<br />

References Dornan 90; Vossen 450.<br />

Number 244<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćáó<br />

Meaning heart<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 252<br />

|Xaise ćóó

Deti ćàó<br />

Cara ćáó<br />

Tsixa ǂáó<br />

Danisi ćáó<br />

Cua ćó<br />

Kua kyó<br />

Tsua kyô<br />

Hietshware tšoo<br />

93<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 449.<br />

Number 245<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćé<br />

Meaning ear<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 254<br />

|Xaise ćé<br />

Deti ćé<br />

Cara ćé<br />

Tsixa ǂé<br />

Danisi ćé<br />

Cua ćé<br />

Kua kyê<br />

Tsua kyê<br />

Hietshware tšee<br />

Sehura tse<br />

Mohissa tschië<br />

References Bleek 214, 229; Dornan 90; Vossen 474.<br />

Number 246<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćí<br />

Meaning to call<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 255<br />

|Xaise ćí

Tsixa ǂí<br />

Danisi ćí<br />

Kua kyí<br />

Tsua kí<br />

Hietshware tšii<br />

94<br />

References Dornan 90; Vossen 480.<br />

Number 247<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ći<br />

Meaning to be ill<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 256<br />

|Xaise ćǐ<br />

Deti ćî<br />

Cara ćǐ<br />

Tsixa ǂî<br />

Danisi ćî<br />

Cua kyǐ<br />

Hietshware tšii<br />

Sehura tsi "ill"<br />

References Bleek 217; Dornan 90; Vossen 459.<br />

Number 248<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćo<br />

Meaning placenta<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 257<br />

Cara ćô<br />

Tsixa ǂǒ<br />

References Vossen 469.<br />

Number 249<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćónà

Meaning crocodile<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 258<br />

|Xaise ćòná<br />

Deti ćóanà<br />

Cara ćòná<br />

Tsixa ǂòná<br />

Danisi ǂʔóaná<br />

Tsua ćónà<br />

Hietshware tšenaa<br />

References Bleek 228; Dornan 90; Vossen 460.<br />

Number 250<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćú<br />

Meaning head<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 259<br />

Tsixa ǂú, ćú<br />

References Vossen 458.<br />

Number 251<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćṹ<br />

Meaning to roast<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 260<br />

|Xaise ćṹ<br />

Deti ćṹ<br />

Cara ćṹ<br />

Tsixa ǂṹ<br />

Danisi ćṹ<br />

Kua ćṹ<br />

Tsua kyũ<br />

Hietshware tšoo<br />

95<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 478-9.

Number 252<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ć�<br />

Meaning to buy<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 261<br />

Tsixa ć�<br />

Kua ky�<br />

Tsua ky�<br />

Hietshware tšou<br />

96<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 433.<br />

Number 253<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćúì<br />

Meaning nose<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 262<br />

|Xaise ćúì<br />

Deti ćúí<br />

Cara ćúí<br />

Tsixa ǂúì<br />

Danisi ćúì<br />

Cua ćúì<br />

Kua ćúì<br />

Tsua ćúì<br />

Hietshware tšui<br />

Sehura tsui<br />

Mohissa tschui<br />

References Bleek 221, 236; Dornan 91; Vossen 471.<br />

Number 254<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjâ<br />

Meaning reed<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 263

|Xaise ʔyâ<br />

Deti ʔyâ<br />

Cara ʔyâ<br />

Kua ʔíà<br />

Mohissa ia "arrow"<br />

97<br />

References Bleek 68; Vossen 478.<br />

Number 255<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjá�<br />

Meaning upper side<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 264<br />

|Xaise ʔyí�<br />

Deti ʔyáḿ<br />

Cara ʔyá�<br />

Kua ʔí�<br />

Tsua ʔí�<br />

Hietshware nyimo "above"<br />

References Dornan 107; Vossen 473.<br />

Number 256<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjàń<br />

Meaning to know, think<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 265<br />

|Xaise ʔyàń<br />

Cara ʔyàń<br />

Danisi ʔyàń<br />

Hietshware nyin "to think"<br />

References Dornan 107; Vossen 428.<br />

Number 257<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔj�

Meaning wind<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 266<br />

|Xaise ʔy�<br />

Deti ʔy�<br />

Cara ʔy�<br />

Tsixa ǂʔ�<br />

Danisi ʔy�<br />

Kua ʔy�<br />

Tsua ʔy�<br />

Hietshware nyaa<br />

98<br />

References Dornan 107; Vossen 507.<br />

Number 258<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjô<br />

Meaning a k. of tree (Combretum imberbe)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 268<br />

|Xaise ʔyô<br />

Deti ʔyô<br />

Cara ʔyô<br />

Kua ʔyô<br />

Tsua ʔíò<br />

References Vossen 420.<br />

Number 259<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjóà<br />

Meaning to ask<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 269<br />

|Xaise ʔyóá<br />

Deti ʔyóá<br />

Cara ʔyóá<br />

Tsixa ǂʔóà<br />

Danisi ʔyóà

Kua ʔyúà<br />

Tsua ʔyúà<br />

Hietshware yowa<br />

99<br />

References Dornan 112; Vossen 438.<br />

Number 260<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjó�<br />

Meaning baobab<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 270<br />

|Xaise ʔyí�<br />

Cara ʔyó�<br />

Danisi ʔyú�<br />

References Vossen 414.<br />

Number 261<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔj�<br />

Meaning to eat (not meat)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 271<br />

|Xaise ʔy�<br />

Deti ʔy�<br />

Cara ʔy�<br />

Tsixa ǂʔ�<br />

Danisi ʔy�<br />

Kua ʔy�<br />

Tsua ʔy�<br />

Hietshware nyoo "to eat grass, graze, sit down to food, eat"<br />

Sehura iuŋke<br />

References Bleek 70; Dornan 108; Vossen 433.<br />

Number 262<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjíbí

Meaning egg; testicle<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 272<br />

Deti ʔyùbì<br />

Cara ʔyìbí<br />

100<br />

Tsixa ǂʔùbí "Hodensack"<br />

Kua ʔíbí "Hoden, Ei, Penis"<br />

Tsua ʔíbí "Hoden, Ei, Penis"<br />

Hietshware ibi<br />

References Dornan 98; Vossen 451.<br />

Number 263<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�aú (?)<br />

Meaning a k. of bird (Hornrabe)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 273<br />

Tsixa dáú<br />

Danisi gàú<br />

References Vossen 452-3.<br />

Number 264<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ǒ<br />

Meaning springhare<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 274<br />

|Xaise �ò<br />

Cara �ò<br />

Danisi dyô<br />

Tsua kyǒ<br />

Hietshware ǯoo; ǯobi "hare" (if not a Bantu borrowing)<br />

References Dornan 98; Vossen 493.<br />

Number 265<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�óà

Meaning ashes<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 275<br />

|Xaise �óá<br />

Cara �òà<br />

Tsixa dyúà<br />

Danisi dyúà<br />

Kua �óá<br />

Tsua �ùá<br />

Hietshware ǯoaa<br />

101<br />

References Dornan 98; Vossen 417.<br />

Number 266<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *$úbè<br />

Meaning a k. of bag<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 276<br />

Sehura $gube "lea<strong>the</strong>r bag"<br />

References Bleek 688.<br />

Number 267<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ć(h)a[-ba]<br />

Meaning flat; wide<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 277<br />

|Xaise ćèbá<br />

Deti ćábá<br />

Cara ćàbá<br />

Danisi ǂgábá<br />

Kua ǂébà<br />

References Vossen 426.<br />

Number 268<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćh(a)i (??)

Meaning springbok<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 278<br />

Sehura tsi<br />

References Bleek 216.<br />

Number 269<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćháó<br />

Meaning to be ashamed<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 279<br />

Deti chàó<br />

Cara ćhàó<br />

Tsixa ǂháó<br />

Danisi ćháó<br />

References Vossen 483.<br />

Number 270<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćháù<br />

102<br />

Meaning a k. of tree (Combretum mechowianum)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 280<br />

Cara ćháù<br />

Danisi ćháù<br />

References Vossen 420.<br />

Number 271<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćom<br />

Meaning locust<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 281<br />

|Xaise ćòmà<br />

Deti ćú�<br />

Cara ćòḿ<br />

Tsixa ćó�

Danisi ćòḿ<br />

Hietshware tšim, ǯim<br />

103<br />

References Dornan 90, 98; Vossen 449.<br />

Number 272<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćhùní<br />

Meaning elbow<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 282<br />

|Xaise ćhùní<br />

Deti ćhúní<br />

Cara ćhòní<br />

Tsixa ćùné<br />

Danisi ćhùní<br />

Hietshware tšuni<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 430-431.<br />

Number 273<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćʔě<br />

Meaning spit; to spit<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 283<br />

|Xaise ćʔě<br />

Deti cʔě<br />

Danisi ćʔàé<br />

Kua ćʔê "spittle"<br />

Tsua ćʔé<br />

Hietshware tšee<br />

References Dornan 90; Vossen 492-3.<br />

Number 274<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćʔoa<br />

Meaning to exit

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 284<br />

|Xaise ćʔòà<br />

Deti ćʔòá<br />

Cara ćʔòá<br />

Tsixa ǂʔóá<br />

Danisi ćʔóá<br />

Kua ćʔóá<br />

Tsua ćʔóá<br />

Hietshware tšwa<br />

104<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 450.<br />

Number 275<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ńỺḿ<br />

Meaning to whistle<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 287<br />

Deti ńúḿ<br />

Cara ńáḿ<br />

Tsixa ńúḿ<br />

Danisi ńúḿ<br />

Kua ńíḿ<br />

Tsua ńíḿ<br />

Hietshware koni nyim<br />

References Dornan 104; Vossen 475.<br />

Number 276<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *n�óró<br />

Meaning back<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 288<br />

Deti yódó<br />

Cara yódó<br />

Tsixa �ódò<br />

Danisi ndyódó

Kua yódó<br />

References Vossen 479.<br />

Number 277<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ńÚ�<br />

Meaning to <strong>for</strong>m, make<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 289<br />

Deti ńú�<br />

Cara ńó�<br />

Tsixa ńú�<br />

Danisi ńú�<br />

Tsua ńí�<br />

Hietshware njim<br />

105<br />

References Dornan 107; Vossen 438.<br />

Number 278<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *n�ú<br />

Meaning black<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 290<br />

|Xaise n�ú<br />

Deti yǔ<br />

Cara yú<br />

Tsixa �ú<br />

Danisi ndú<br />

Kua �ú<br />

Tsua dú<br />

Hietshware due "to become dark"; ǯu "darkness", ǯunye "black"<br />

References Dornan 92, 98, 99; Vossen 488.<br />

Number 279<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ńṹ

Meaning to sit, sit down<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 291<br />

|Xaise ńṹ<br />

Deti ń�<br />

Cara ńú<br />

Tsixa ńú<br />

Danisi ńú<br />

Kua ńṹ<br />

Tsua ń�<br />

Hietshware nyo<br />

106<br />

References Dornan 107; Vossen 491.<br />

Number 280<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *n�úí<br />

Meaning vagina<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 292<br />

Tsixa �úí<br />

Danisi ndyúí<br />

References Vossen 499.<br />

Number 281<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ńUm<br />

Meaning coal<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 293<br />

Tsixa ńóḿ<br />

Danisi ńú�<br />

References Vossen 451-2.<br />

Number 282<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ńúní<br />

Meaning mouse

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 294<br />

Danisi ńúní<br />

References Vossen 476.<br />

Number 283<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćá�<br />

Meaning marrow<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 296<br />

|Xaise �<br />

Cara �<br />

Danisi ǂqáè<br />

References Vossen 466.<br />

Number 284<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćxâ<br />

107<br />

Meaning to cut up (animals)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 297<br />

Tsixa ćxâ<br />

Danisi ćxâ<br />

References Vossen 417.<br />

Number 285<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćxana<br />

Meaning snot<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 298<br />

Deti ćxàná<br />

Cua ćxónà<br />

Kua ćxànà<br />

References Vossen 479.

Number 286<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćxáí<br />

Meaning eye; to wake up<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 299<br />

|Xaise ćáí<br />

Deti ćxàí<br />

Cara ćxáí<br />

108<br />

Tsixa ǂxáí "im Tiefschlaf liegen" (?)<br />

Danisi ćxáí<br />

Cua ćxáí<br />

Kua ćxàí<br />

Tsua ćxàí<br />

Hietshware tšaii<br />

Sehura xtsai<br />

Mohissa tšxai<br />

References Bleek 238, 260; Dornan 90; Vossen 418.<br />

Number 287<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćxóà<br />

Meaning elephant<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 300<br />

|Xaise ćóà<br />

Deti ćxóá<br />

Cara ćxóá<br />

Tsixa ćxòà<br />

Danisi ćxóà<br />

Kua ćxóà<br />

Tsua ćxóà<br />

Hietshware tšowa<br />

References Dornan 91; Vossen 430.<br />

Number 288

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćxóḿ<br />

Meaning to mix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 301<br />

|Xaise ćhóḿ<br />

Cara ćxóḿ<br />

Danisi ćxó�<br />

Kua ćxóḿ<br />

Tsua ćxóḿ<br />

References Vossen 467.<br />

Number 289<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćxũ<br />

Meaning brain<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 302<br />

Deti ćxṹ<br />

Cara ćṹ<br />

Tsixa ǂx�<br />

Danisi ćx�<br />

Kua ćx�<br />

References Vossen 441.<br />

Number 290<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ká<br />

Meaning to wish, want<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 303<br />

Deti ká<br />

Cara ká<br />

Tsixa ká<br />

Danisi ká<br />

Kua ká<br />

Tsua ká<br />

Hietshware kaa<br />

109

110<br />

References Dornan 99; Vossen 496.<br />

Number 291<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *abV<br />

Meaning to ride<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 304<br />

Hietshware abo<br />

References Dornan 88.<br />

Number 292<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *káé<br />

Meaning to bind<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 305<br />

|Xaise káé<br />

Deti káé<br />

Cara káé<br />

Danisi káé<br />

Kua káé<br />

Tsua káé<br />

Hietshware kae<br />

References Dornan 99; Vossen 423.<br />

Number 293<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kae<br />

Meaning apron<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 306<br />

Mohissa kaḗ<br />

References Bleek 76.<br />

Number 294

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ká�<br />

Meaning good<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 307<br />

|Xaise k��<br />

Deti k��<br />

Cara k��<br />

Tsixa k��<br />

Danisi k��<br />

Kua k��<br />

Tsua k��<br />

111<br />

Hietshware kaie "to be agreeable, nice, pretty"<br />

References Dornan 100; Vossen 445.<br />

Number 295<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kam<br />

Meaning penis<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 308<br />

Cua káḿ<br />

References Vossen 474.<br />

Number 296<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kámà<br />

Meaning to track<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 309<br />

|Xaise kámá<br />

Deti kámá<br />

Cara kámá<br />

Tsixa kámà<br />

Danisi kámà<br />

Kua kámà<br />

Hietshware kamaa "to follow after"<br />

References Dornan 100; Vossen 501.

Number 297<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kánú<br />

Meaning metal<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 310<br />

Cara kánú<br />

References Vossen 467.<br />

Number 298<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *káó<br />

Meaning to throw down<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 312<br />

Kua káó<br />

Tsua káó<br />

Hietshware kaoo<br />

112<br />

References Dornan 101; Vossen 434.<br />

Number 299<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *káò<br />

Meaning long<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 313<br />

Deti káò<br />

Cara káó<br />

Tsixa káò<br />

Danisi káò<br />

Kua !áò<br />

Tsua !áò<br />

Notes <strong>The</strong> Kua and Tsua <strong>for</strong>ms must have been re-borrowed from<br />

West <strong>Central</strong> Khoe (<strong>the</strong> alveolar click is regularly dropped in <strong>the</strong>se languages).<br />

References Vossen 461-62.

Number 300<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kare<br />

113<br />

Meaning to cut (meat in stripes)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 314<br />

|Xaise kádé<br />

Deti kàdè<br />

Cara kàdè<br />

Tsixa kádé<br />

Danisi kàdè<br />

Kua kádè<br />

Tsua kádè<br />

Hietshware kare<br />

References Dornan 101; Vossen 486-7.<br />

Number 301<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kárí<br />

Meaning hard<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 315<br />

Deti kádí<br />

Cara kádí<br />

Tsixa kádí<br />

Danisi kádí<br />

Kua kádí<br />

Tsua kádí<br />

Hietshware karie "thick, strong"<br />

References Dornan 101; Vossen 447.<br />

Number 302<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *káù<br />

Meaning to remain<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 316

|Xaise káù<br />

Deti káú<br />

Tsixa kàù<br />

Danisi káù<br />

Kua káù<br />

Tsua káù<br />

Hietshware kau<br />

114<br />

References Dornan 101; Vossen 425.<br />

Number 303<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *KaU<br />

Meaning cheetah<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 317<br />

Hietshware khao<br />

References Dornan 102.<br />

Number 304<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kóḿ<br />

Meaning heavy<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 318<br />

|Xaise kóḿ<br />

Deti kóḿ<br />

Cara kóḿ<br />

Tsixa kúḿ<br />

Danisi kúḿ<br />

Kua kóḿ<br />

Tsua kúḿ<br />

References Vossen 490.<br />

Number 305<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *k�

Meaning to go, walk<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 319<br />

|Xaise k�<br />

Deti k�<br />

Cara k�<br />

Tsixa k�<br />

Danisi k�<br />

Kua k�<br />

Tsua k�<br />

Hietshware kho<br />

115<br />

Sehura $kung kḗta "to go away"<br />

References Bleek 689; Dornan 103; Vossen 441.<br />

Number 306<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *$uV<br />

Meaning millipede<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 320<br />

Hietshware ǁkuao "millipede, centipede"<br />

Sehura $kuan$kuani<br />

References Bleek 689; Dornan 105.<br />

Number 307<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kúrù<br />

Meaning knee<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 321<br />

|Xaise (kú)kúdù<br />

Cara (kú)kúdù<br />

Hietshware kukuru<br />

References Dornan 105; Vossen 457.<br />

Number 308

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *a<br />

Meaning to understand<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 322<br />

Hietshware aa<br />

References Dornan 88.<br />

Number 309<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�<br />

Meaning to know<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 323<br />

|Xaise ʔ�<br />

Deti ʔ�<br />

Cara ʔ�<br />

Tsixa ʔ�<br />

Danisi ʔ�<br />

Kua ʔ�<br />

Tsua ʔ�<br />

Hietshware an<br />

116<br />

References Dornan 89; Vossen 507-8.<br />

Number 310<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *aba<br />

Meaning to climb<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 476<br />

Hietshware aba (Mg.)<br />

References Meingard 1963: 102.<br />

Number 311<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *áò<br />

Meaning to be afraid<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 324

|Xaise ʔáó<br />

Deti ʔáò<br />

Cara ʔáò<br />

Danisi ʔáò<br />

Kua ʔáò<br />

Tsua ʔáò<br />

117<br />

Hietshware au(o); ao "to dodge", ao tšo "coward", aoao "to frighten"<br />

References Dornan 89; Vossen 439.<br />

Number 312<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *au<br />

Meaning to cry out (of joy)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 325<br />

Cara ʔàú 'herausschreien'<br />

Kua ʔáú<br />

References Vossen 417-18.<br />

Number 313<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ṍ�<br />

Meaning to carry<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 326<br />

Cara ʔṍ� "to carry a baby in a sling"<br />

Danisi ʔòàná<br />

References Vossen 497.<br />

Number 314<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *!ʔú (?)<br />

Meaning white<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 328<br />

Kua !ʔǔ<br />

Tsua !ʔú

118<br />

Notes A very dubious <strong>for</strong>m <strong>for</strong> Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe, since <strong>the</strong> alveolar<br />

click is regularly dropped in all <strong>East</strong> Khoe languages. Most probably, <strong>the</strong> attested<br />

<strong>for</strong>ms are re-borrowings from a West Khoe source.<br />

References Vossen 506.<br />

Number 315<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *úè<br />

Meaning leopard<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 329<br />

|Xaise ʔóé<br />

Danisi ʔúè<br />

Kua ʔúè<br />

Tsua ʔúè<br />

Hietshware uwe; ue "a red wild cat"<br />

References Dornan 112; Vossen 463-464.<br />

Number 316<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *úì<br />

Meaning evening<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 330<br />

|Xaise ʔúì<br />

Cara ʔúí<br />

Tsixa ʔúì<br />

Danisi ʔúì<br />

Hietshware hwi |ka; wi-ka "afternoon"<br />

References Dornan 98, 112; Vossen 413.<br />

Number 317<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ga<br />

Meaning needle, nail<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 331

|Xaise gà<br />

Deti gá<br />

Cara gà<br />

Danisi gâ<br />

Kua gà<br />

Tsua gâ<br />

Hietshware gaa<br />

Mohissa k�ă<br />

119<br />

References Bleek 41; Dornan 93; Vossen 470.<br />

Number 318<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *gai<br />

Meaning puff-adder<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 332<br />

Kua gàí 'Schlangenart'<br />

Hietshware gaii<br />

References Dornan 93; Vossen 145.<br />

Number 319<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *gà�<br />

Meaning steenbok<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 333<br />

|Xaise g�� "dikdik"<br />

Deti g�� "Riedbock"<br />

Cara g�� "dikdik"<br />

Kua g��<br />

Tsua g�� "dikdik"<br />

Hietshware gaie<br />

Sehura ga<br />

References Bleek 41; Dornan 93; Vossen 415-16.

Number 320<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *gam<br />

Meaning to throw<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 335<br />

Cara gàḿ<br />

Tsixa gàḿ<br />

Danisi gàḿ<br />

Kua gá�<br />

Tsua gá�<br />

120<br />

Hietshware gam "to cast away"<br />

References Dornan 94; Vossen 507.<br />

Number 321<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *gàní<br />

Meaning chin<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 336<br />

|Xaise gànì<br />

Deti gàní<br />

Cara gàní<br />

Tsixa gàní<br />

Danisi gàní<br />

Kua gàní<br />

Tsua gàní<br />

Hietshware gane "beard"; ghanee "chin, jaw"<br />

References Dornan 94, 95; Vossen 456.<br />

Number 322<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *gàò<br />

Meaning to search, look <strong>for</strong><br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 337<br />

Deti gàò<br />

Cara gàò

Tsixa gàò<br />

Danisi gàò<br />

References Vossen 491.<br />

Number 323<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *garV<br />

Meaning stump<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 338<br />

Hietshware garinye<br />

References Dornan 94.<br />

Number 324<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *go<br />

Meaning aardvark<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 340<br />

Deti gó<br />

Cara gô<br />

Kua gô<br />

Tsua gǒ<br />

Hietshware go "antbear"<br />

121<br />

References Dornan 95; Vossen 431-32.<br />

Number 325<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *gó�<br />

Meaning to blow<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 341<br />

|Xaise gó� "to smoke"<br />

Deti gòḿ<br />

Cara góḿ<br />

Danisi gó�<br />

Kua góḿ

Tsua gòḿ "to smoke"<br />

Hietshware go�<br />

122<br />

References Dornan 96; Vossen 424, 477.<br />

Number 326<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *Kue<br />

Meaning frog<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 343<br />

Hietshware kwee "bullfrog"<br />

References Dornan 105.<br />

Number 327<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *!gùí<br />

Meaning rope<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 344<br />

|Xaise gùí<br />

Deti gùí<br />

Cara gùí<br />

Danisi gùí<br />

Kua gùí<br />

Tsua gùí<br />

Hietshware gwii "grass string"<br />

References Dornan 97; Vossen 487.<br />

Number 328<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *gÚmà<br />

Meaning lower arm, hand<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 345<br />

|Xaise gómá "upper arm"<br />

Deti gúmà "lower arm, hand"<br />

Cara gómá "lower arm"

123<br />

Tsixa gúmá "lower arm"<br />

Danisi gómá "lower arm"<br />

Cua gúmà "lower arm, elbow"<br />

Tsua gùmá "lower arm"<br />

References Vossen 499.<br />

Number 329<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *khàé<br />

Meaning to stick<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 346<br />

Danisi khàé<br />

Kua khàé<br />

Tsua khàé<br />

References Vossen 495.<br />

Number 330<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *khan<br />

Meaning to crawl<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 347<br />

|Xaise kháń<br />

Cara kàń<br />

Tsixa káǹ<br />

Danisi kháǹ<br />

Kua kháń<br />

Tsua khàń<br />

Hietshware kaan<br />

References Dornan 99; Vossen 459.<br />

Number 331<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kárà<br />

Meaning kraal

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 349<br />

|Xaise kádà<br />

Deti kádà<br />

Cara kàdà<br />

Danisi kàdà<br />

Kua kádà<br />

Tsua kádà<br />

Hietshware karaa<br />

124<br />

Sehura kamra (? = *kara)<br />

References Bleek 79; Dornan 101; Vossen 503.<br />

Number 332<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *$oa<br />

Meaning round stone; pestle<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 350<br />

Sehura bónung 'oá "pestle" (?)<br />

References Bleek 17.<br />

Number 333<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *khÙḿ<br />

Meaning to cut<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 351<br />

Deti khùḿ<br />

References Vossen 486.<br />

Number 334<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *!hou<br />

Meaning hail<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware !hou<br />

References Dornan 97.

Number 335<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *!(ʔ)U<br />

Meaning to knock<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 352<br />

125<br />

|Xaise !ʔó (=!ʔò) "ausklopfen"<br />

Tsixa !ù<br />

Danisi !ǔ (=!ù)<br />

References Vossen 457.<br />

Number 336<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *khùí<br />

Meaning to bore, pierce<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 353<br />

|Xaise khùí<br />

Cara khùí<br />

Tsixa khùí<br />

Danisi khùí<br />

Kua khùí<br />

Tsua khùí<br />

Hietshware kwii<br />

References Dornan 105; Vossen 429.<br />

Number 337<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *KorV<br />

Meaning back, backbone<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 354<br />

Hietshware gore, goreñ<br />

References Dornan 96.

Number 338<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xai<br />

Meaning cold<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 355<br />

Hietshware haii<br />

References Dornan 97.<br />

Number 339<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xòé<br />

Meaning to run<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 356<br />

Kua xòé<br />

Tsua xòé<br />

Hietshware hwee<br />

126<br />

References Dornan 98; Vossen 506.<br />

Number 340<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔábé<br />

Meaning a k. of tree (Combretum hereroense)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 357<br />

|Xaise kʔábé<br />

Deti kʔábé<br />

Cara kʔàbé<br />

Kua kʔábé<br />

Tsua kʔábé<br />

References Vossen 420.<br />

Number 341<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *am<br />

Meaning green<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0

Sehura amaŋgwe<br />

References Bleek 9.<br />

Number 342<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔao<br />

Meaning neck<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 359<br />

|Xaise kʔàò<br />

Deti kʔàó<br />

Cara kʔáó<br />

Cua kʔáò<br />

Kua kʔàó<br />

127<br />

References Bleek 412; Vossen 446.<br />

Number 343<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋábá<br />

Meaning rhinoceros<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 360<br />

Deti ŋábá<br />

Cara ŋgábá<br />

Danisi ŋgábá<br />

Hietshware gaba<br />

References Dornan 93; Vossen 426.<br />

Number 344<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋábí<br />

Meaning to turn over<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 361<br />

|Xaise ŋgábí<br />

Deti ŋábí<br />

Cara ŋgábí "wenden"

Kua ŋgábí<br />

Tsua gábí<br />

Hietshware gabi<br />

128<br />

References Dornan 93; Vossen 498.<br />

Number 345<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋábè<br />

Meaning giraffe<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 362<br />

|Xaise ŋgábè<br />

Deti ŋábè<br />

Cara ŋgábè<br />

Tsixa ŋgábè<br />

Danisi ŋgábé<br />

Kua ŋgábè<br />

Tsua gábè<br />

Hietshware gabee<br />

Sehura gnabe<br />

Mohissa $aing (?)<br />

References Bleek 47, 687; Dornan 93; Vossen 443.<br />

Number 346<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋárì<br />

Meaning lower jaw<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 364<br />

|Xaise ŋgádí<br />

Deti ŋádí "cheek"<br />

Cara ŋgàdì "cheek"<br />

Tsixa ŋádì<br />

Danisi ŋgádí<br />

Cua ŋâdì<br />

References Vossen 456.

Number 347<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋárò<br />

Meaning chameleon<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 365<br />

|Xaise ŋgádò<br />

Cara ŋgádò<br />

Tsixa ŋgádù<br />

Danisi ŋgádò<br />

Kua ŋgádò<br />

Tsua gádó<br />

129<br />

Hietshware ngaro "water iguana"<br />

References Dornan 107; Vossen 427.<br />

Number 348<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋaro (*g-)<br />

Meaning to freeze<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 366<br />

Hietshware garoha<br />

References Dornan 94.<br />

Number 349<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋáò<br />

Meaning acacia<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 367<br />

|Xaise ŋgáò<br />

Cara ŋgáò<br />

Danisi ŋgáò<br />

Kua ŋgáò<br />

Tsua gáò<br />

References Vossen 415.

Number 350<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋáò<br />

Meaning to hide<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 368<br />

Deti ŋáó<br />

Tsixa ŋgáò<br />

Danisi ŋgáò<br />

Tsua gáò<br />

Hietshware gao<br />

130<br />

References Dornan 94; Vossen 500.<br />

Number 351<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋo (*g-)<br />

Meaning to be silent<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 369<br />

Hietshware goo "be silent"<br />

References Dornan 96.<br />

Number 352<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋona<br />

Meaning three<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 371<br />

|Xaise ŋónà<br />

Kua ŋúná<br />

Tsua ŋúná<br />

Hietshware ngonawe<br />

References Dornan 107; Vossen 428.<br />

Number 353

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋú<br />

131<br />

Meaning house, dwelling place<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 372<br />

|Xaise ŋgú<br />

Tsixa ŋgú<br />

Danisi ŋgú<br />

Kua gú<br />

References Vossen 447-8.<br />

Number 354<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋú<br />

Meaning land<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 373<br />

|Xaise ŋú<br />

Cara ŋú<br />

Tsixa ŋú<br />

Danisi ŋú<br />

Kua ŋú<br />

Tsua nù<br />

References Vossen 461.<br />

Number 355<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋû<br />

Meaning far<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 374<br />

|Xaise ŋgû<br />

Deti ŋú<br />

Tsixa ŋgû<br />

Danisi ŋgû<br />

Kua ŋgû<br />

Tsua gú<br />

Hietshware guno

132<br />

References Dornan 96; Vossen 507.<br />

Number 356<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋú�<br />

Meaning porcupine<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 375<br />

|Xaise ŋgúé<br />

Deti ŋúé<br />

Cara ŋgúé<br />

Tsixa ŋgú�<br />

Danisi ŋgúé<br />

Kua ŋgúé<br />

Tsua gúé<br />

Hietshware gwee<br />

Sehura úmkwe<br />

References Bleek 248; Dornan 96; Vossen 494.<br />

Number 357<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kare<br />

Meaning foot<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 376<br />

Cua kàdé<br />

Kua kádì<br />

Tsua kádè<br />

Hietshware karee "toes, claws, heels, hoofs"<br />

Mohissa $tarē<br />

References Bleek 689; Dornan 101; Vossen 439-40.<br />

Number 358<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋari (*g-)<br />

Meaning to thatch

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 377<br />

Hietshware gari<br />

References Dornan 94.<br />

Number 359<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xáń<br />

Meaning to sew<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 378<br />

|Xaise xáń<br />

Deti xàń<br />

Cara xáń<br />

Tsixa xáń<br />

Danisi xáń<br />

Kua xáń<br />

Tsua xáń<br />

References Vossen 470.<br />

Number 360<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *!xáò<br />

Meaning hippopotamus<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 379<br />

|Xaise xáò<br />

Deti xáò<br />

Cara xáò<br />

Tsixa !xáó<br />

Danisi !xáò<br />

Tsua xáò<br />

References Vossen 437.<br />

Number 361<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xó<br />

133

Meaning to stop; to catch<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 381<br />

|Xaise xó<br />

Deti xǒ<br />

Cara xó<br />

Tsixa xó<br />

Danisi xó<br />

Kua xǒ<br />

Tsua xǒ<br />

Hietshware ghoo<br />

134<br />

References Dornan 95; Vossen 446-447.<br />

Number 362<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xúnú<br />

Meaning to snore<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 380<br />

|Xaise xúnú<br />

Deti xùnú<br />

Cara xúnú<br />

Tsixa xúnú<br />

Danisi xúnú<br />

Kua xùnú<br />

Tsua xúnù<br />

References Vossen 486.<br />

Number 363<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁà<br />

Meaning fingernail<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 383<br />

|Xaise ǁhâ<br />

Cara ǁâ<br />

Tsixa ǁà

Danisi ǁà<br />

135<br />

Notes Irregular -h- in |Xaise.<br />

References Vossen 436.<br />

Number 364<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁà�<br />

Meaning to bear (child)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 384<br />

Tsixa ǁà�<br />

Danisi ǁà�<br />

References Vossen 440.<br />

Number 365<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁá�<br />

Meaning to feel<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 385<br />

|Xaise ǁá� "to feel, hear"<br />

Deti ǁá�<br />

Cara ǁá�<br />

Tsixa ǁá�<br />

Danisi ǁá�<br />

Kua ǁá�<br />

Tsua ǁá�<br />

References Vossen 439.<br />

Number 366<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁámà<br />

Meaning beetle<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 386<br />

|Xaise ǁàmá<br />

Deti ǁámá

Cara ǁàmá<br />

Tsixa ǁàmá<br />

Danisi ǁàmá<br />

Kua ǁámà<br />

Tsua ǁámà<br />

136<br />

Hietshware ǁkama "a scavenging beetle"<br />

References Dornan 100; Vossen 454.<br />

Number 367<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁan<br />

Meaning shoulder<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 387<br />

|Xaise ǁàń<br />

Deti ǁáǹ<br />

Cara ǁàń<br />

Tsixa ǁáǹ<br />

Danisi ǁàń<br />

References Vossen 488.<br />

Number 368<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁàní<br />

Meaning river current<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 388<br />

Cara ǁàní "Ortsname bei Mopipi"<br />

Tsixa ǁánì "perennial river"<br />

Danisi ǁàní "perennial river"<br />

Kua ǁání "Ortsname am Botletle"<br />

Tsua ǁání "eine andere Gegend"<br />

References Vossen 437.<br />

Number 369

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁáó<br />

Meaning to shoot<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 389<br />

|Xaise ǁáó<br />

Deti ǁáó<br />

Cara ǁáó<br />

Tsixa ǁáó<br />

Danisi ǁáó<br />

Kua ǁáó<br />

Tsua ǁáó<br />

References Vossen 484.<br />

Number 370<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁ��<br />

Meaning to fence<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 390<br />

Cara ǁ��<br />

137<br />

Danisi ǁx�� "mit Dornverhau einzäunen" (?)<br />

References Vossen 430.<br />

Number 371<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *$oa (?)<br />

Meaning spoon, ladle<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 392<br />

Sehura $ting $ga<br />

References Bleek 689.<br />

Number 372<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁṍ�<br />

Meaning to descend<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 393

|Xaise ǁṍ�<br />

Deti ǁṍ�<br />

Cara ǁṍ�<br />

Danisi ǁṍ�<br />

Kua ǁṍ�<br />

Tsua ǁṍ�<br />

References Vossen 448-49.<br />

Number 373<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁóé<br />

Meaning to lie down<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 394<br />

|Xaise ǁóé<br />

Deti ǁòé<br />

Cara ǁóé<br />

Tsixa ǁóé<br />

Danisi ǁóé<br />

Kua ǁóé<br />

Tsua ǁúé<br />

138<br />

Hietshware !hoe, |koe "to be asleep"<br />

Sehura $goē "to sleep"<br />

References Bleek 688; Dornan 97, 104; Vossen 450-51.<br />

Number 374<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁó�<br />

Meaning knee<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 395<br />

Deti ǁòé<br />

Cara ǁóé<br />

Tsixa ǁú�<br />

Danisi ǁóé<br />

Kua ǁùì

Tsua ǁóé<br />

References Vossen 457.<br />

Number 375<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁó�<br />

Meaning short<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 396<br />

|Xaise ǁòḿ<br />

Deti ǁó�<br />

Cara ǁòḿ<br />

Tsixa ǁó�<br />

Danisi ǁòḿ<br />

Kua ǁó�<br />

Tsua ǁú�<br />

References Vossen 460.<br />

Number 376<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁórò<br />

Meaning fingernail, claw<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 397<br />

Deti ǁódó<br />

Cara ǁódò<br />

Danisi ǁádó<br />

Kua ǁódò<br />

Hietshware |gara<br />

Sehura $kororo<br />

Mohissa kōlē<br />

139<br />

References Bleek 98, 689; Dornan 94; Vossen 436.<br />

Number 377<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁû

Meaning to bear (child)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 398<br />

|Xaise ǁú<br />

Deti ǁú<br />

Cara ǁù<br />

Kua ǁû<br />

Tsua ǁû<br />

References Vossen 440.<br />

Number 378<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁṹ<br />

Meaning tooth<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 399<br />

|Xaise ǁṹ<br />

Deti ǁ�<br />

Cara ǁṹ<br />

Tsixa ǁṹ<br />

Danisi ǁṹ<br />

Cua ǁṹ<br />

Kua ǁ�<br />

Tsua ǁṹ<br />

Hietshware ǁgoo<br />

Sehura $to (?)<br />

Mohissa $toṓ (?)<br />

140<br />

References Bleek 689; Dornan 96; Vossen 509.<br />

Number 379<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁû( ŋ )<br />

Meaning parent<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 400<br />

Cara ǁû<br />

References Vossen 431.

Number 380<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔá<br />

Meaning to bloom<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 401<br />

|Xaise ǁʔá<br />

Cara ǁʔǎ<br />

Kua ǁʔá<br />

Tsua ǁʔá<br />

References Vossen 425.<br />

Number 381<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔ�<br />

Meaning to fight<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 402<br />

|Xaise ǁʔ�<br />

Deti ǁʔ�<br />

Cara ǁʔ�<br />

Tsixa ǁʔ�<br />

Danisi ǁʔ�<br />

Kua ǁʔ�<br />

Tsua ǁʔ�<br />

Hietshware ǁgaa<br />

141<br />

References Dornan 93; Vossen 455.<br />

Number 382<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *(ǁ)ʔáé<br />

Meaning village; house<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 403<br />

|Xaise ʔáé<br />

Deti ʔàé

Cara ʔáé<br />

Tsixa ǁʔáé<br />

Danisi ʔáé<br />

Kua ʔàé<br />

Tsua ʔáè<br />

142<br />

Hietshware ae "house"; aie, aio "village"<br />

References Dornan 88, 89; Vossen 508.<br />

Number 383<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔá<br />

Meaning silver jackal; bat-eared fox<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 404<br />

|Xaise ǁʔá<br />

Deti ǁʔá<br />

Cara ǁʔá<br />

Kua ǁʔà<br />

Tsua ǁʔá<br />

References Vossen 464-65.<br />

Number 384<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔábà<br />

Meaning sinew; bowstring<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 405<br />

|Xaise ǁʔábà<br />

Deti ǁʔábà<br />

Cara ǁʔábà<br />

Cua ǁʔábà<br />

Kua ǁʔábá<br />

Tsua ǁʔábà<br />

Hietshware ǁkaba "thread"<br />

Sehura aba, gaba<br />

Mohissa $aba

143<br />

References Bleek 5, 42, 687; Dornan 99; Vossen 413.<br />

Number 385<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔá�<br />

Meaning to buy<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 406<br />

Deti ǁʔ��<br />

Cara ǁʔ��<br />

Danisi ǁʔ��<br />

Sehura $ai<br />

References Bleek 687; Vossen 432-3.<br />

Number 386<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔáḿ<br />

Meaning to clap hands<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 407<br />

|Xaise ǁʔáḿ<br />

Deti ǁʔàḿ<br />

Cara ǁʔáḿ<br />

Tsixa ǁʔáḿ<br />

Danisi ǁʔáḿ<br />

Kua ǁʔàḿ<br />

Tsua ǁʔàḿ<br />

Hietshware ǁkam "to knock, strike"<br />

References Dornan 100; Vossen 456.<br />

Number 387<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔàń<br />

Meaning to ripen<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 409<br />

|Xaise ǁʔáń

Deti ǁʔàń<br />

Cara ǁʔáń<br />

Danisi ǁʔáń<br />

Kua ʔàń<br />

Tsua ʔáǹ<br />

144<br />

Hietshware an "to ripen"; ana "to be ripe"<br />

Notes Irregular loss of click in <strong>the</strong> Tsua group.<br />

References Dornan 89; Vossen 477.<br />

Number 388<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔan<br />

Meaning to live, reside<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 410<br />

Cara ǁʔàǹ<br />

Kua ǁʔáń "bauen, umfrieden"<br />

Tsua ǁʔàǹ<br />

Hietshware ǁgañ "to build, live, dwell"<br />

References Dornan 94; Vossen 508.<br />

Number 389<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔáó<br />

Meaning to offend<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 411<br />

Deti ǁʔàó<br />

Cara ǁʔáó<br />

Tsixa ǁʔáó<br />

Danisi ǁʔáó<br />

Tsua ʔàó<br />

References Vossen 422.<br />

Number 390

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *(ǁ)ʔáù<br />

Meaning fish<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 412<br />

|Xaise ʔáú<br />

Deti ʔáú<br />

Cara ʔáú<br />

Tsixa ǁʔáù<br />

Danisi ʔáù<br />

References Vossen 436.<br />

Number 391<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔó<br />

Meaning to die<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 413<br />

|Xaise ǁʔó<br />

Deti ǁʔó<br />

Cara ǁʔó<br />

Tsixa ǁʔó<br />

Danisi ǁʔó<br />

Kua ǁʔǒ "death"<br />

Tsua ʔǒ<br />

Hietshware oo<br />

145<br />

Notes Irregular loss of click in <strong>the</strong> Tsua group.<br />

References Dornan 108; Vossen 495-6.<br />

Number 392<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔṍ�<br />

Meaning arm<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 415<br />

|Xaise ǁʔṍ�<br />

Deti ǁʔṍ�<br />

Cara ǁʔṍ�

Tsixa ǁʔṍ�<br />

Danisi ǁʔṍ�<br />

Cua ǁʔṍ�<br />

Kua ǁʔṍ�<br />

Tsua ǁʔṍ�<br />

References Vossen 416.<br />

Number 393<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔóbè<br />

Meaning to kiss<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 416<br />

Tsixa ǁʔób�<br />

Danisi ǁʔóbè<br />

References Vossen 461.<br />

Number 394<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔÚ�<br />

Meaning to sleep<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 417<br />

Danisi ǁʔùḿ<br />

Hietshware ǁgom<br />

146<br />

References Dornan 96; Vossen 484.<br />

Number 395<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔúì<br />

Meaning to cough<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 418<br />

Deti ǁʔúí<br />

Cara ǁʔúì<br />

Tsixa ǁʔúì<br />

Danisi ǁʔúì

Tsua ǁʔúì<br />

Hietshware ǂkhui (?)<br />

147<br />

References Dornan 103; Vossen 453.<br />

Number 396<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *$a<br />

Meaning a k. of bird (korhaan)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 419<br />

Sehura $a "knorhahn; snake" (?)<br />

References Bleek 687.<br />

Number 397<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ae<br />

Meaning female<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 420<br />

|Xaise �ae=<br />

Deti �ae=<br />

Cara �a=<br />

Tsixa �a=<br />

Danisi �ae=<br />

Kua �ae=<br />

Tsua �ae=<br />

Hietshware ǁgae "a female", ǁgaitšo, ǁgaietšwe "woman"<br />

Sehura $gakwe "woman"<br />

References Bleek 687; Dornan 93; Vossen 506.<br />

Number 398<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�áí<br />

Meaning cheek<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 421<br />

Tsixa �áí

Danisi �áí<br />

Kua ǁáì<br />

148<br />

Notes Irregular ǁ- in Kua.<br />

References Vossen 504.<br />

Number 399<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�à�<br />

Meaning to love<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise �à�<br />

Deti �à�<br />

Cara �à�<br />

Danisi �à�<br />

Kua �àḿ<br />

Tsua �àḿ<br />

Hietshware ǁgam(a)<br />

References Dornan 94; Vossen 464.<br />

Number 400<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�àḿ<br />

Meaning thorn<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 422<br />

|Xaise �àḿ<br />

Deti �àḿ<br />

Cara �àḿ<br />

Tsixa �àḿ<br />

Danisi �àḿ<br />

Kua �àḿ<br />

Tsua �àḿ<br />

Hietshware ǁkam<br />

References Dornan 100; Vossen 428.

Number 401<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�[x]ana<br />

Meaning well, ditch<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 423<br />

|Xaise �àná<br />

Deti �àná<br />

Cara �áná<br />

Tsixa �xáná<br />

Danisi �xàná<br />

References Vossen 444.<br />

Number 402<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�àú<br />

Meaning to suffer<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 424<br />

Cara �àú<br />

References Vossen 463.<br />

Number 403<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�òé<br />

Meaning tortoise<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 426<br />

|Xaise �òé<br />

Deti �òé<br />

Cara �òé<br />

Tsixa �óé<br />

Danisi �òé<br />

Kua �òé<br />

Tsua �òé<br />

References Vossen 461.<br />

149

Number 404<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�òró<br />

150<br />

Meaning a k. of tree (Mopane)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 427<br />

Deti �òdó<br />

Cara �òdó<br />

Tsixa �ódó<br />

Danisi �òdó<br />

References Vossen 420-21.<br />

Number 405<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ǔ<br />

Meaning chest<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 428<br />

|Xaise �ǔ<br />

Deti �ǔ "flank of body"<br />

Cara �ǔ<br />

Tsixa �ǔ<br />

Danisi �ǔ<br />

Kua �ǔ<br />

Tsua ǁǔ<br />

Hietshware |huu (?)<br />

References Dornan 98; Vossen 426.<br />

Number 406<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ǔ<br />

Meaning to kindle<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 429<br />

Deti �ǔ<br />

Cara �ǔ<br />

Kua �ǔ

References Vossen 416.<br />

Number 407<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁhàí<br />

Meaning to pull; to smoke<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 430<br />

Kua ǁhàí<br />

Tsua ǁhàí<br />

References Vossen 477.<br />

Number 408<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁhao<br />

Meaning to grow (plants)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 431<br />

|Xaise ǁháó<br />

Deti ǁhàó<br />

Cara ǁhàó<br />

Tsixa ǁháò<br />

Danisi ǁháó<br />

Kua ǁhàó<br />

Tsua ǁhàò<br />

References Vossen 446.<br />

Number 409<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁhàrá<br />

Meaning field, garden<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 432<br />

|Xaise ǁhàdá<br />

Deti ǁhàdá<br />

Cara ǁàdá<br />

Tsixa ǁhàdá<br />

151

Danisi ǁhàdá<br />

References Vossen 435.<br />

Number 410<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *go- (*ŋ-) ?<br />

Meaning cave<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

152<br />

Hietshware goho "cave, shelter"<br />

References Dornan 95.<br />

Number 411<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁhòé<br />

Meaning vessel<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 434<br />

|Xaise ǁhòé<br />

Deti ǁhòé<br />

Cara ǁhòè<br />

Tsixa ǁhòé<br />

Danisi ǁhòé<br />

Kua ǁhòé<br />

Tsua ǁhòé<br />

References Vossen 421.<br />

Number 412<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁhùí( ŋ )<br />

Meaning to brea<strong>the</strong><br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 435<br />

Cua ǁhùí<br />

Kua ǁhùí<br />

Tsua ǁh��<br />

References Vossen 417.

Number 413<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁxámá (*ǁ-)<br />

Meaning hartebeest<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 436<br />

153<br />

Hietshware ǁkama; amāingama (Sel.)<br />

Sehura ǂkama<br />

References Bleek 9, 656; Dornan 100.<br />

Number 414<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔâ<br />

Meaning to wash<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 437<br />

|Xaise ǁʔâ<br />

Deti ǁʔâ<br />

Cara ǁʔá<br />

Danisi ǁʔâ<br />

Cua ǁʔâ<br />

Kua ǁʔâ<br />

Tsua ǁʔâ<br />

References Vossen 505.<br />

Number 415<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔâ<br />

Meaning to be satiated<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 438<br />

|Xaise ǁʔâ<br />

Deti ǁʔâ<br />

Cara ǁʔâ<br />

Tsixa ǁʔà<br />

Kua ǁʔâ

Tsua ǁʔâ<br />

154<br />

Hietshware ǁga "to be satisfied"<br />

References Dornan 93; Vossen 482.<br />

Number 416<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔáé<br />

Meaning to ga<strong>the</strong>r (intr.)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 439<br />

|Xaise ǁʔàé<br />

Deti ǁʔàé<br />

Cara ǁʔàé<br />

Danisi ǁʔáé<br />

Kua ǁʔáé<br />

Tsua ǁʔáé<br />

References Vossen 502.<br />

Number 417<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔáḿ<br />

Meaning to hit<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 440<br />

|Xaise ǁʔáḿ<br />

Deti ǁʔàḿ<br />

Cara ǁʔáḿ<br />

Tsixa ǁʔáḿ<br />

Danisi ǁʔáḿ<br />

Kua ǁʔàḿ<br />

Tsua ǁʔàḿ<br />

References Vossen 484-85.<br />

Number 418<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔáó

Meaning to chop, hack<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 441<br />

|Xaise ǁʔàó<br />

Cara ǁʔàó<br />

Danisi ǁʔàó<br />

Kua ǁʔáó<br />

Tsua ǁʔáó<br />

References Vossen 413.<br />

Number 419<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔárì<br />

Meaning scorpion<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 442<br />

|Xaise ǁʔádì<br />

Deti ǁʔádí<br />

Cara ǁʔádì<br />

Kua ǁʔádì<br />

Tsua ǁʔádì<br />

Hietshware ǁkadi<br />

155<br />

References Dornan 99; Vossen 492.<br />

Number 420<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔ��<br />

Meaning to smell<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 443<br />

Cara ǁʔ��<br />

Tsixa ǁʔ��<br />

Danisi ǁʔ��<br />

References Vossen 478.<br />

Number 421

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔṹ<br />

Meaning bark<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 444<br />

|Xaise ǁʔṹ<br />

Cara ǁʔṹ<br />

Tsixa ǁʔṹ<br />

Kua ǁʔṹ<br />

References Vossen 421.<br />

Number 422<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�â<br />

Meaning horn<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 445<br />

|Xaise �nâ<br />

Deti �nâ<br />

Cara �nâ<br />

Tsixa �nâ<br />

Danisi �nâ<br />

Kua �nâ<br />

Tsua �nâ<br />

Hietshware ŋǁgaa<br />

Sehura $na<br />

156<br />

References Bleek 689; Dornan 107; Vossen 452.<br />

Number 423<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *$na-<br />

Meaning melon (tsama melon)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 448<br />

Sehura $nau<br />

References Bleek 689.

Number 424<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ábè<br />

Meaning diaphragm<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 449<br />

Danisi �àbé<br />

Tsua ǁàbé<br />

References Vossen 510-11.<br />

Number 425<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�áì<br />

Meaning to sing<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 450<br />

Deti �áí<br />

Cara �áì<br />

Tsixa �áì<br />

Danisi �áì<br />

Kua �áì<br />

Tsua �áì<br />

157<br />

Notes Irregular �- in Tsua.<br />

References Vossen 491.<br />

Number 426<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�aɛ<br />

Meaning to count<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 451<br />

Deti �nàí<br />

Cara �áé<br />

Tsixa �<br />

Danisi �áé<br />

References Vossen 509.

Number 427<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ámí<br />

Meaning pangolin<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 452<br />

|Xaise �námí<br />

Cara �námí<br />

Danisi �námí<br />

Kua �námí<br />

Tsua �námí<br />

158<br />

Hietshware ǁghamee "antbear"<br />

References Dornan 95; Vossen 488.<br />

Number 428<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�áò<br />

Meaning old<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 453<br />

|Xaise �náò<br />

Deti �náò<br />

Cara �áò<br />

Danisi �áò<br />

Kua �áò<br />

Tsua �áò "new"<br />

Hietshware ǁgao "to become old"<br />

References Dornan 94; Vossen 415.<br />

Number 429<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�óá<br />

Meaning stone<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 454<br />

Tsixa �óá<br />

Danisi �óá<br />

Kua �óà

Hietshware ǁgwa<br />

Mohissa $goa<br />

159<br />

References Bleek 688; Dornan 96; Vossen 495.<br />

Number 430<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�óé<br />

Meaning moon, month<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 455<br />

|Xaise �nóé<br />

Deti �óé<br />

Cara �óé<br />

Tsixa �ó�<br />

Danisi �óé<br />

Kua �óé<br />

Tsua �úé<br />

Hietshware |gwee<br />

Sehura $noe<br />

References Bleek 689; Dornan 96; Vossen 467-68.<br />

Number 431<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ó�<br />

Meaning to have <strong>the</strong> mouth full<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 456<br />

|Xaise �nó�<br />

Cara �nó�<br />

References Vossen 504.<br />

Number 432<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�órì<br />

Meaning nephew, niece<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 457

|Xaise �nódì<br />

Deti �òdì<br />

Cara �ódì<br />

Tsixa �ódì<br />

Danisi �ódì<br />

Kua �ódì<br />

Tsua �ódì<br />

References Vossen 471.<br />

Number 433<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ubu<br />

Meaning to shake<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 458<br />

|Xaise �óbú<br />

Deti �núbù<br />

Cara �óbú<br />

Danisi �xòbú (?)<br />

Kua �úbú<br />

Tsua �úbù (?)<br />

References Vossen 427.<br />

Number 434<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�úì<br />

Meaning fat, oil<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 459<br />

|Xaise �núì<br />

Deti �úì<br />

Cara �úì<br />

Tsixa �úì<br />

Danisi �úì<br />

Kua �úì<br />

Tsua �ùí<br />

160

References Vossen 435.<br />

Number 435<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁábò<br />

Meaning shoe, sandal<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 460<br />

|Xaise ǁábò<br />

Deti ǁàbò<br />

Cara ǁábó<br />

Tsixa ǁàbò<br />

Danisi ǁábò<br />

Kua ǁábò<br />

Tsua ǁábò<br />

Hietshware ǁkabo<br />

Mohissa tabo<br />

161<br />

References Bleek 187; Dornan 99; Vossen 481.<br />

Number 436<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�au<br />

Meaning to show<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 461<br />

Deti �àú<br />

Tsixa �áù<br />

Danisi �áú<br />

References Vossen 509.<br />

Number 437<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁárà<br />

Meaning a k. of acacia/aloe<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 462<br />

Kua ǁádà

Tsua ǁádà<br />

References Vossen 415.<br />

Number 438<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁxóré<br />

Meaning to open<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 463<br />

|Xaise ǁxódé<br />

Deti ǁxòdé<br />

Cara ǁxódé<br />

Tsixa ǁhód�<br />

Danisi ǁxódé<br />

Kua ǁxódé<br />

Tsua ǁxódé<br />

References Vossen 473.<br />

Number 439<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁxábà<br />

Meaning shoulderblade<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 465<br />

Danisi (|áḿ-)ǁxábà<br />

Kua ǁxábà<br />

Tsua ǁxábà<br />

Hietshware ǁkabaa<br />

162<br />

References Dornan 99; Vossen 488.<br />

Number 440<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁxábì<br />

Meaning to unroll, unwind<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 466<br />

|Xaise ǁxábì

Deti ǁxábí<br />

Cara ǁxàbì<br />

Kua ǁxábì<br />

Tsua ǁxábì<br />

References Vossen 413.<br />

Number 441<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁxàó<br />

Meaning spear, assegai<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 468<br />

Deti ǁxàó<br />

163<br />

Cara ǁxàò "hunting knife"<br />

Danisi ǁxáó<br />

Hietshware !khao "assegai, javelin, lance"<br />

Sehura ǂkau "knife, assegai"<br />

Mohissa $kāo "assegai"<br />

References Bleek 667, 688; Dornan 102; Vossen 492.<br />

Number 442<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁxó<br />

Meaning dry<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 469<br />

Deti ǁxǒ<br />

Tsixa ǁxó<br />

Danisi ǁxó<br />

References Vossen 498.<br />

Number 443<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁxó�<br />

Meaning river<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 470

Deti ǁxóḿ<br />

Cara ǁxó�<br />

Kua ǁxó�<br />

References Vossen 437.<br />

Number 444<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁxú<br />

Meaning warthog<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 471<br />

Tsixa ǁxó<br />

Danisi ǁxú<br />

Kua ǁxú<br />

References Vossen 505.<br />

Number 445<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁɣaru<br />

Meaning wild dog<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 472<br />

Deti ǁàdú<br />

Tsixa hàdú<br />

Danisi hàdú<br />

Kua ǁxádú<br />

Tsua ǁxàdù<br />

References Vossen 507.<br />

Number 446<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kau<br />

Meaning <strong>for</strong>est, veld<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 473<br />

164<br />

Hietshware kaoo "<strong>the</strong> open country"<br />

References Dornan 101.

Number 447<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *k(h)oa<br />

Meaning to break<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 474<br />

Hietshware tšwa<br />

References Dornan 91.<br />

Number 448<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁae<br />

Meaning to chew<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 475<br />

165<br />

Hietshware ǁgae "to chew <strong>the</strong> cud", ǁkaae "to chew up"<br />

References Dornan 93, 99.<br />

Number 449<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ore (?)<br />

Meaning to pray<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 482<br />

Hietshware |hwere<br />

References Dornan 98.<br />

Number 450<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁai<br />

Meaning to press<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 485<br />

Hietshware ǁkaie<br />

References Dornan 100.

Number 451<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xai<br />

Meaning darkness; night<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 493<br />

166<br />

Hietshware haie, khaie ka "night"<br />

Sehura xai "darkness"<br />

References Bleek 256; Dornan 97, 102.<br />

Number 452<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|qó�<br />

Meaning fea<strong>the</strong>rweight tree<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 495<br />

Danisi |qó�<br />

References Vossen 1992: 385.<br />

Number 453<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *qáè<br />

Meaning marula tree<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 501<br />

Kua qáè<br />

References Vossen 1992: 377.<br />

Number 454<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *dù<br />

Meaning ashes<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 506<br />

Deti dù<br />

References Vossen 417.<br />

Number 455

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔóḿ<br />

Meaning foam<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Tsixa ǁʔóḿ<br />

References Vossen 60.<br />

Number 456<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tʔú<br />

Meaning pus<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 534<br />

Tsixa tʔú<br />

References Vossen 148.<br />

Number 457<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|ǎ<br />

Meaning to miss an aim<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Cua |ǎ<br />

References Vossen 148.<br />

Number 458<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kó� (*ḱ-)<br />

Meaning bladder<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Cara kó�<br />

References Vossen 149.<br />

Number 459<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔam<br />

Meaning termite<br />

167

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise kʔàḿ<br />

References Vossen 149.<br />

Number 460<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�ání<br />

Meaning to build<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Tsixa �ání<br />

References Vossen 150.<br />

Number 461<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|úmà<br />

Meaning lea<strong>the</strong>r pocket<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Deti |úmà<br />

References Vossen 150.<br />

Number 462<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjárú<br />

168<br />

Meaning to put wood on fire<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Danisi ʔyárú<br />

References Vossen 150.<br />

Number 463<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tama<br />

Meaning grass<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise tàmá

Sehura tama<br />

169<br />

References Bleek 190; Vossen 150.<br />

Number 464<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *habi<br />

Meaning breast<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Tsixa hàbí<br />

References Vossen 169.<br />

Number 465<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-bà<br />

Meaning m. sg. marker <strong>for</strong> nouns<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 513<br />

|Xaise -mà<br />

Deti -mà<br />

Cara -mà<br />

Tsixa -mà<br />

Danisi -ma<br />

Cua -bà<br />

Kua -bè<br />

References Vossen 172-73.<br />

Number 466<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-sì<br />

Meaning f. sg. marker <strong>for</strong> nouns<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 514<br />

|Xaise -sà<br />

Deti -sà<br />

Cara -sà<br />

Tsixa -sa, -sì

Danisi -sa<br />

Cua -sà<br />

Kua -si<br />

References Vossen 172-73.<br />

Number 467<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-càrà<br />

170<br />

Meaning m. du. marker <strong>for</strong> nouns<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 516<br />

|Xaise -càrà<br />

Cara -ʒàrà<br />

Tsixa -cèrà<br />

Danisi -càrà<br />

Cua -càrà<br />

Kua -cérà<br />

Tsua -cèdè<br />

References Vossen 172-73.<br />

Number 468<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-sàrà<br />

Meaning f. du. marker <strong>for</strong> nouns<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 517<br />

|Xaise -sàrà<br />

Cara -sàrà<br />

Tsixa -sèrà<br />

Danisi -sàrà<br />

Cua -sàrà<br />

Kua -sérà<br />

Tsua -sèdè<br />

References Vossen 172-73.

Number 469<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-khòrà<br />

171<br />

Meaning n. du. marker <strong>for</strong> nouns<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 518<br />

|Xaise -khòrà<br />

Cara -khòrà<br />

Tsixa -khòrà<br />

Danisi -khòàrà<br />

Cua -khòàrà<br />

Kua -khórà<br />

Tsua -khòdè<br />

References Vossen 172-173.<br />

Number 470<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-ǁùà<br />

Meaning m. pl. marker <strong>for</strong> nouns<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 519<br />

Cara -kùà<br />

Tsixa -ǁùà<br />

Danisi -kùà<br />

Cua -kùà<br />

Kua -ku<br />

References Vossen 172-73.<br />

Number 471<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-ʒà/*-ʒì<br />

Meaning f. pl. marker <strong>for</strong> nouns<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 520<br />

|Xaise -ʒà<br />

Cara -ʒì<br />

Tsixa -ʒà, -ʒì<br />

Danisi -ʒà

Cua -ʒì<br />

Kua -ʒà, -ʒì<br />

Tsua -ʒè<br />

References Vossen 172-73.<br />

Number 472<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-nà<br />

172<br />

Meaning n. pl. marker <strong>for</strong> nouns<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 521<br />

|Xaise -nà<br />

Cara -nà<br />

Tsixa -nà<br />

Danisi -nà<br />

Kua -rà (?)<br />

Notes <strong>The</strong> Kua <strong>for</strong>m is obviously secondary (<strong>the</strong> Tshwa subgroup<br />

simply lost <strong>the</strong> morpheme altoge<strong>the</strong>r).<br />

References Vossen 172-73.<br />

Number 473<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *jâ<br />

Meaning to dance<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Deti yâ<br />

Hietshware ya "to tread"<br />

References Dornan 112; Vossen 182.<br />

Number 474<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�àí( ŋ )<br />

Meaning to run<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Deti �àí

Danisi ���<br />

References Vossen 182, 222.<br />

Number 475<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjánù<br />

Meaning porridge<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Cara ʔyánù<br />

Hietshware yuno<br />

173<br />

References Dornan 112; Vossen 217.<br />

Number 476<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-kaxu, *-xu<br />

Meaning causative suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise -kà-hù<br />

Deti -kà-xù<br />

Cara -kà-hú<br />

Tsixa -kȧ-x�, -xù<br />

Danisi -ká-xù, -xú<br />

Kua -kà-xù<br />

Tsua -ká-xù<br />

References Vossen 221, 230.<br />

Number 477<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-ma<br />

Meaning dative suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 528<br />

|Xaise -má<br />

Deti -mà<br />

Cara -má

Tsixa -mȧ<br />

Danisi -má<br />

Kua -mà<br />

Tsua -mà<br />

References Vossen 221, 230.<br />

Number 478<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *khu (*ḱh-)<br />

Meaning to blow<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Tsixa khû<br />

References Vossen 221.<br />

Number 479<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-si(n)<br />

Meaning reflexive suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 527<br />

|Xaise -hĩ<br />

Deti -sín<br />

Cara -si�n<br />

Tsixa -sì<br />

Danisi -si�<br />

Kua -hì<br />

Tsua -hì<br />

References Vossen 222, 230.<br />

Number 480<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-ku<br />

Meaning reciprocal suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 526<br />

|Xaise -kú<br />

174

Deti -k�<br />

Cara -kú<br />

Tsixa -k�<br />

Danisi -kú<br />

Kua -kù<br />

Tsua -cù<br />

References Vossen 222, 230.<br />

Number 481<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ka (*ḱ-)<br />

Meaning to help<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Deti ká<br />

References Vossen 222.<br />

Number 482<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-kxàò<br />

Meaning inclinative suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Danisi -kxʔàò<br />

References Vossen 222.<br />

Number 483<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-ʔò<br />

175<br />

Meaning directive/locative suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise -ʔò<br />

Deti -ʔȯ<br />

Cara -ʔò<br />

Tsixa -ʔò<br />

Danisi -ʔò

Kua -ʔò<br />

Tsua -ʔò<br />

References Vossen 222, 230.<br />

Number 484<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-|xòà<br />

Meaning comitative suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 524<br />

Danisi -|xòà<br />

References Vossen 222.<br />

Number 485<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-xu<br />

176<br />

Meaning terminative suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise -h�<br />

Deti -xú<br />

Cara -h�<br />

Tsixa -xú<br />

Danisi -xú<br />

Kua -xù<br />

Tsua -xù<br />

References Vossen 222, 230.<br />

Number 486<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁʔoã<br />

Meaning to pour<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Tsixa ǁʔ��<br />

References Vossen 222.

Number 487<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *!xóé<br />

Meaning to scratch<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Danisi !xóé<br />

References Vossen 222.<br />

Number 488<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ńa<br />

Meaning to place<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Cara ǹa<br />

References Vossen 222.<br />

Number 489<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćǔ (*c-)<br />

Meaning to wish<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 523<br />

|Xaise ćǔ<br />

References Vossen 222.<br />

Number 490<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-ʔà<br />

Meaning intentional suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Deti -ʔà<br />

Cara -à<br />

References Vossen 222.<br />

177

Number 491<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kV<br />

178<br />

Meaning present tense prefix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise ke<br />

Deti ce (?)<br />

Cara ke<br />

Tsixa ko, kue<br />

Danisi ke<br />

Kua kùà<br />

Tsua kùà, kò<br />

References Vossen 226, 231.<br />

Number 492<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-tà<br />

Meaning negative present tense suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 525<br />

|Xaise -tà<br />

Deti -tà<br />

Cara -tà<br />

Tsixa -tã<br />

Danisi -tà<br />

Kua -tà<br />

Tsua -tà<br />

References Vossen 226, 231.<br />

Number 493<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-tá<br />

Meaning preterite suffix (near-past in most lang.)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

|Xaise -tá<br />

Deti -tá

Cara -tá<br />

Tsixa -tà<br />

Danisi -tá<br />

References Vossen 226.<br />

Number 494<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-ha<br />

179<br />

Meaning imperfective suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 530<br />

|Xaise -ha<br />

Deti -ha<br />

Cara -ha<br />

Tsixa -ha<br />

Danisi -ha<br />

Kua -hà, -ha<br />

Tsua -hà, -ha<br />

References Vossen 226, 231.<br />

Number 495<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kua<br />

Meaning future tense prefix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Deti kua<br />

Cara kùà<br />

Danisi kua<br />

Kua kùà hi-á<br />

Tsua kùà hi-á<br />

References Vossen 226, 231.<br />

Number 496<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *-si

180<br />

Meaning gerundivum suffix<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Deti -si<br />

Cara -sì<br />

References Vossen 226.<br />

Number 497<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *kʔan<br />

Meaning to cut<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Kua kʔáń<br />

References Vossen 230.<br />

Number 498<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *qaro<br />

Meaning stone, rock<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 675<br />

Tsua qárò<br />

References Vossen 1992: 386.<br />

Number 499<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǂqa<br />

Meaning to shine (of sun)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Danisi ǂqâ<br />

References Vossen 1992: 386.<br />

Number 500<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁqau<br />

Meaning sunset glow

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 531<br />

Danisi |áḿ-ǁqáú<br />

181<br />

References Vossen 1992: 386.<br />

Number 501<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *qaru<br />

Meaning to sprout<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Tsixa qárù<br />

Danisi qàrù<br />

References Vossen 1992: 385.<br />

Number 502<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|qome<br />

Meaning tsetse fly<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 532<br />

Danisi |qómé<br />

References Vossen 1992: 383.<br />

Number 503<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|qu<br />

Meaning spider<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Cara |qǔ<br />

References Vossen 1992: 383.<br />

Number 504<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *qona<br />

Meaning lizard<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0

Kua qónà<br />

182<br />

References Vossen 1992: 383.<br />

Number 505<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|qunu<br />

Meaning to ferment<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 533<br />

Cara |qúnú<br />

References Vossen 1992: 378.<br />

Number 506<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�xUi<br />

Meaning to remove animal intestines<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Kua �xòí-'ò<br />

References Vossen 1998: 294.<br />

Number 507<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ŋa<br />

Meaning friend<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Cara ŋáá-'ò<br />

References Vossen 1998: 295.<br />

Number 508<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xuna<br />

Meaning to lick (of animals)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Cara xúná<br />

References Vossen 1998: 296.

Number 509<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�uru<br />

Meaning to bury<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Danisi �úrú<br />

183<br />

References Vossen 1998: 296.<br />

Number 510<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cʔare (?)<br />

Meaning to extinguish<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 509<br />

Hietshware tsere "to put out a fire"<br />

References Bleek 215.<br />

Number 511<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *(ǁʔ)ano<br />

Meaning to curse<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware ano<br />

References Bleek 10.<br />

Number 512<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʒae (?)<br />

Meaning rib<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware zahe<br />

References Dornan 112.

Number 513<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *[ʔ]juro (?)<br />

Meaning dove<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware yuro<br />

References Dornan 112.<br />

Number 514<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔju<br />

Meaning colour; stripe<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 627<br />

Hietshware yu<br />

References Dornan 112.<br />

Number 515<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *hera (*[ʔ]j-)<br />

Meaning to burrow<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 629<br />

Hietshware yera<br />

References Dornan 112.<br />

Number 516<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ʔjibi (?)<br />

Meaning axe, hatchet<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware yibi<br />

References Dornan 112.<br />

Number 517<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *oe<br />

184

185<br />

Meaning to break in pieces<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 630<br />

Hietshware weho<br />

References Dornan 112.<br />

Number 518<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *u<br />

Meaning to take smth. to<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 620<br />

Hietshware uu<br />

References Dornan 112.<br />

Number 519<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ui<br />

Meaning bodyguard<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 631<br />

Hietshware wii<br />

References Dornan 112.<br />

Number 520<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *t(h)ui<br />

Meaning chasm<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware twi<br />

References Dornan 111.<br />

Number 521<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *t(h)Ue<br />

Meaning to spread out (of roots)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 632

Hietshware twee<br />

References Dornan 111.<br />

Number 522<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|oe<br />

Meaning to dip<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 633<br />

Hietshware |twe<br />

References Dornan 111.<br />

Number 523<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǂom (*ǁ-)<br />

Meaning cloud<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 643<br />

Hietshware ǂkom<br />

References Dornan 104.<br />

Number 524<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ćxa (*c-, *ḱ-)<br />

Meaning to give (?)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 650<br />

186<br />

Hietshware tša tšawa "to give oneself to"<br />

References Dornan 90.<br />

Number 525<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *�am (*ǁ-, *ǁʔ-)<br />

Meaning louse<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 655<br />

Hietshware ǁgam<br />

References Dornan 94.

Number 526<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *!ao (?)<br />

Meaning new<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 661<br />

Hietshware !kao<br />

187<br />

Notes A dubious <strong>for</strong>m (initial alveolar click hints at a possible<br />

borrowing).<br />

References Dornan 101.<br />

Number 527<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *|e[je] (*�-, *|ʔ-)<br />

Meaning red<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 664<br />

Hietshware |geye<br />

References Dornan 95.<br />

Number 528<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ǁxa (?)<br />

Meaning to swim<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 677<br />

Hietshware !kha<br />

References Dornan 102.<br />

Number 529<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *u<br />

Meaning that<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 679<br />

Deti hǔ<br />

Cara ǔ

Danisi ǔ<br />

Kua ǔ<br />

Tsua ǔ<br />

188<br />

Hietshware ho-ra "over yonder"<br />

References Dornan 97; Vossen 255.<br />

Number 530<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *me<br />

Meaning that<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 680<br />

Tsixa mé<br />

References Vossen 255.<br />

Number 531<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *ḱ(h)obV<br />

Meaning warm<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 612<br />

Tsua čobehe tsaa "warm water"<br />

References Dornan 91.<br />

Number 532<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *xoe (*h-)<br />

Meaning white<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 687<br />

Tsua hwehe<br />

References Dornan 98.<br />

Number 533<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *tha (?)<br />

Meaning to drink

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware tha<br />

189<br />

Notes Cf. also Hie. thaka 'blood' (?). Found only in Hietshware, but<br />

no source of borrowing can be established.<br />

References Dornan 109.<br />

Number 534<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *cao (?)<br />

Meaning many<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 0<br />

Hietshware cao<br />

References Dornan 111.<br />

Number 535<br />

Proto-<strong>East</strong> Khoe *k-e (m.), *s-e (f.), *c-e (c.)<br />

Meaning we (excl. plural)<br />

Khoe <strong>etymology</strong> 136<br />

|Xaise ké (m.pl.); sé (f.pl.); cé (c.pl.)<br />

Deti ʔà-kyé (m.pl.); ʔà-sé (f.pl.); ʔà-cé (c.pl.)<br />

Cara �é (m.pl.); sé (f.pl.); ʒé (c.pl.)<br />

Tsixa ǁé (m.pl.); sé (f.pl.); cé (c.pl.)<br />

Danisi ké (m.pl.); sé (f.pl.); cé (c.pl.)<br />

Cua ká (m.pl.); síè (f.pl.); cíè (c.pl.)<br />

Kua kâ (m.pl.); sí (f.pl.); cí (c.pl.)<br />

Tsua ká (m.pl.); síè (f.pl.); cíè (c.pl.)<br />

References Vossen 234-250.

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