Vector Volume 12 Issue 2 - 2018

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Acknowledgements Commentary and revisions provided by Professor Michael Ibbotson. Photo credits Meo, accessed from https://www.pexels. com/photo/photo-of-head-bust-printartwork-724994/ Conflict of interest Stephanie Kirkby is currently working with the National Vision Research Institute on a followup project relating to her Honours research with Professor Michael Ibbotson. Correspondence skirkby@deakin.edu.au References 1. Aviles-Olmos I, Kefalopoulou Z, Tripoliti E, Candelario J, Akram H, Martinez-Torres I, et al. Long-term outcome of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease using an MRI-guided and MRI-verified approach. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014; 85: 1419-25 2. Alonso P, Cuadras D, Gabriëls L, Denys D, Goodman W, Greenberg BD, et al. Deep brain stimulation for obsessivecompulsive disorder: a meta-analysis of treatment outcome and predictors of response. PloS one. 2015;10(7): e0133591 3. Cukiert A, Cukiert CM, Burattini JA, Lima AM. Seizure outcome after hippocampal deep brain stimulation in a prospective cohort of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure. 2014;23(1):6-9. 4. Mäki-Torkko EM, Vestergren S, Harder H, Lyxell B. From isolation and dependence to autonomy–expectations before and experiences after cochlear implantation in adult cochlear implant users and their significant others. Disability and rehabilitation. 2015;37(6):541-7. 5. Hadjinicolaou AE, Meffin H, Maturana MI, Cloherty SL, Ibbotson MR. Prosthetic vision: devices, patient outcomes and retinal research. Clinical & Experimental Optometry. 2015;98(5):395-410. 6. Hartong DT, Berson EL, Dryja TP. Retinitis pigmentosa. 2006;368(9549):1795-809. 7. Wong WL, Su X, Li X, Cheung CMG, Klein R, Cheng C-Y, et al. Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health. 2014;2(2):106-116 8. Second Sight Announces Record Number of Argus II Retinal Prosthesis Systems Implants and Completes First-in- Human Orion Cortical Implant [press release]. California: Second Sight 2018. 9. Pérez Fornos A, Sommerhalder J, da Cruz L, Sahel JA, Mohand-Said S, Hafezi F, et al. Temporal properties of visual perception on electrical stimulation of the retina. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 2012;53(6):2720-31. 10. Duncan JL, Richards TP, Arditi A, da Cruz L, Dagnelie G, Dorn JD, et al. Improvements in vision related quality of life in blind patients implanted with the Argus II Epiretinal Prosthesis. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 2017;100(2):144-50. 11. Da Cruz L, Coley BF, Dorn J, Merlini F, Filley E, Christopher P, et al. The Argus II epiretinal prosthesis system allows letter and word reading and long-term function in patients with profound vision loss. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2013;97:632-6 12. Champaneria MC, Wong WW, Hill ME, Gupta SC. The evolution of breast reconstruction: a historical perspective. World journal of surgery. 2012;36(4):730-42. 13. Fagan JJ, Tarabichi M. Cochlear implants in developing countries: practical and ethical considerations. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2018;26(3):188-9. 14. Allegranzi B, Kilpatrick C, Storr J, Kelley E, Park BJ, Donaldson L, et al. Global infection prevention and control priorities 2018–22: a call for action. The Lancet Global Health. 2017;5(12):1178-80. 15. Chao TE, Sharma K, Mandigo M, Hagander L, Resch SC, Weiser TG, et al. Cost-effectiveness of surgery and its policy implications for global health: a systematic review and analysis. The Lancet Global Health. 2014;2(6):334-45. 16. Goldblat E, Most T. Cultural Identity of Young Deaf Adults with Cochlear Implants in Comparison to Deaf without Cochlear Implants and Hard-of-Hearing Young Adults. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2018;23(3):228-39. 17. Khairallah M, Kahloun R, Bourne R, Limburg H, Flaxman SR, Jonas JB, et al. Number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract worldwide and in world regions, 1990 to 2010. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2015;56(11):6762- 9. 18. Lebedev MA, Nicolelis MA. Brain-machine interfaces: From basic science to neuroprostheses and neurorehabilitation. Physiological reviews. 2017;97(2):767-837. What you need to know: • The artificial electrical stimulation of neurons for the treatment of neurological disease and impairment is a well-established field that is undergoing rapid development in the treatment of disease. • The expanding range of pathologies that can be treated by neural stimulation is promising, particularly for the developed world, but its implementation in the developing world is far more complex. • According to Professor Michael Ibbotson of the National Vision Research Institute, the future of bionics may expand beyond the medical world and potentially be used cosmetically for selfimprovement. • Although this technology is in its infancy, it has enormous potential for public health outcomes in both the developed and developing worlds, which are yet to be fully realised. The Lancet. 13
Pornography: the pyschological and neurological effects of a $97 billion industry Review article Bridie H Peters Bridie H Peters is a third year medical student at the University of New England. She’s far from impartial to a chocolate dusting on cappuccinos, a ripper sunset and some great evidence-based medicine. “ Background The proliferation of the Internet has fostered a wild-fire growth of the pornography industry. [1] Pornography is more accessible and widely disseminated than ever before, accounting for a quarter of all internet searches and 1.5% of all websites.[2] However, this growth doesn’t come without concern. The cultivation of sexual abuse, misogyny and poor mental health are among some of the startling accusations made against this industry. [1,3,4] Given that 84% of Australian males and 23% of females aged 16-25 years use this media daily or weekly,[5] if these accusations hold water, they may have significant and widespread impacts. The following review aims to summarise the research on the health effects of pornography on its users. Compulsive pornography use and addiction There is considerable debate as to whether pornography has addictive potential and if it does, whether it is comparable to those of other addiction disorders (e.g. alcoholism, compulsive gambling). [6] These well-established addiction disorders are Abstract Aims: This review aims to summarise the research exploring the health effects of internet pornography on its users. It focuses on pornography’s addictive potential, impact on sexual behaviours and mental health. Methods: The relevant literature concerning the health effects of internet pornography was reviewed. Resources were sourced from databases such as PubMed and JSTOR. Results: This review finds significant evidence for the addictive potential of pornography, validating the consideration of pornography addiction as a clinical diagnosis. Pornography may also cultivate misogynistic beliefs, affect the sexual functioning of its users and have some role in promoting sexually aggressive behaviours. Poor mental health and pornography appear to have a bi-directional association. Conclusions: The potential health effects of pornography are extensive and well-established. Given the ubiquitous nature of this media, there may be significant clinical implications for these findings. ” characterised by several common thought and behavioural patterns. These include but are not limited to: (a) perceived lack of control over the substance/ object of abuse; (b) adverse consequences from is use (e.g. relationship, social, work or school problems); (c) an inability to stop its use despite these negative consequences; and (d) preoccupation with the substance/ object of abuse.[7] These symptoms are being increasingly reported in patients who complain of pornography overuse. [6] Pornography addiction is not at present a formallyrecognised clinical disorder in the DSM-V or ICD-10, however, the prevalence of these findings has led to the widespread use of Compulsive Pornography Use as a working clinical diagnosis. Many of the studies mentioned in this paper have recruited patients suspected to have this disorder. There is no consensus on the definition of this disorder, but as with other addictions, the aforementioned thought patterns are characteristic[7]. The prevailing argument contesting the recognition of Compulsive Pornography Use as a clinical disorder is the thought that these symptoms reflect a high sex drive in certain populations and are not suggestive of a pathological addiction.[8] 14
Page 1 and 2: V O L U M E 1 2 I S S U E 2 F O U N
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Foreword 1 Aidan Tan FEATU
Page 5 and 6: Manifesto à la mode Feature articl
Page 7 and 8: these brands for your perusal. Some
Page 9 and 10: Exploring the ethics and legality o
Page 11 and 12: also be a force for beneficence in
Page 13 and 14: The changing landscape of artifical
Page 15: implementation in the developing wo
Page 19 and 20: arriers to research into this quest
Page 21 and 22: Improving interactions between tran
Page 23 and 24: Centre in Sex, Health and Society b
Page 25 and 26: of teaching on sexuality broadly, i
Page 27 and 28: The public perception of major depr
Page 29 and 30: awareness of their role in depressi
Page 31 and 32: Guidelines for low birth weight: a
Page 33 and 34: current decentralisation of authori
Page 35 and 36: Appropriate number and timing of AN
Page 37 and 38: Vientiane, Lao PDR. Eur J Clin Nutr
Page 39 and 40: “ The experience of Mekelle Unive
Page 41 and 42: ongoing review is enabled by fortni
Page 43 and 44: Table 4. HIV prevalence among femal
Page 45 and 46: HL, Maddur S, et al. An integrated
Page 47 and 48: ubiquity, we remain largely ignoran
Page 49 and 50: United Nations Climate Conference C
Page 51 and 52: extremely appreciative at how well-
Page 53 and 54: There is No Me Without You Book rev
Page 55 and 56: Complimentary Membership & Cover Di

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