European Database for Cartonboard and Carton Production 2023

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41 Method of disposal or recovery 99% incinerated with energy recovery, 1% recycled 100% incinerated with energy recovery Rejects, other*** kg/t 44.91 1.14 - 26.40 Dry content % 45% 50% - 48% 99% 100% Method of disposal or - incinerated incinerated recovery with energy with energy recovery, 1% recycled recovery Aqueous liquid waste kg/t - - 0.59 0.59 containing ink Dry content % - - n/a Method of disposal or Not specified recovery Aqueous sludges kg/t - - 3.02 3.02 containing ink Dry content % - - n/a Method of disposal or Not specified recovery Paper for recycling kg/t - - 169 169 Dry content % - - 90% 90% 100% 100% Method of disposal or - recycling recycling recovery Paper packaging waste kg/t - - 2.06 2.06 Dry content % - - n/a 100% Method of disposal or - - recycling recovery Plastic packaging waste kg/t - - 3.29 3.29 Dry content % - - n/a 100% Method of disposal or - - recycling recovery «na» not available *As this life cycle inventory is intended to be representative of average European production, only transport from European paper mills to European carton converting sites has been considered in the weighted average. Transport associated with export of paper outside of Europe has not been considered **Rejected materials that were associated with the previous use of the paper (for example, staples, paper clips, tags, adhesive labels, unrecovered fibres, etc) ***Material that is not in any way associated with the previous use of the paper (for example, foreign items such as plastic packaging, glass, sand and grit, etc) - Additional information on energy and fuels Internal fuels The energy inputs presented in the life cycle inventories in Table 2 only to external fuels supplied to the process. However, many papermills also produce their own internal fuels as a by-product of the pulping processes or from the management of waste streams. In particular, the following are the main internal fuels relevant to the papermaking process: • Black liquor – a by-product from chemical pulping processes when digesting pulpwood into paper pulp. It is an aqueous solution of lignin residues, hemicellulose, and the inorganic chemicals used in the process © RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
42 • Bark – from the debarking process • Biogas and bio-sludge – from the wastewater treatment process • Refuse-derived fuel – from the rejects associated with processing of paper for recycling The consumption of all fuels and energy (purchased fuels and electricity and internal fuels) for production of cartonboard is summarised in Table 3. This data is for information purposes only and should not be added to the life cycle inventory for each paper grade as it refers to fuels that are generated and consumed within the “black box” of the papermill. The internal fuels will be used for production of heat (in the form of steam) and electricity at the mill. Table 3 External energy inputs and internal fuels consumed for the production of cartonboard Recycled cartonboard Virgin cartonboard EXTERNAL ENERGY INPUTS Steam GJ/t 0.000 0.000 Bought electricity GJ/t 0.609 2.255 External fuels – fossil GJ/t 5.899 3.374 External fuels – renewable GJ/t 0.000 1.476 Total external energy inputs GJ/t 6.508 7.105 INTERNAL FUELS Black liquor GJ/t 0.000 3.730 Bark and wood GJ/t 0.000 1.558 Biogas and biosludge GJ/t 0.034 0.060 Refuse derived fuel (RDF) GJ/t 0.000 0.000 Other internal fuels GJ/t 0.000 0.073 Total internal fuels GJ/t 0.034 5.421 TOTAL ENERGY (BOUGHT ELECTRICITY, PURCHASED STEAM, EXTERNAL FUELS, INTERNAL FUELS) Total energy GJ/t 6.542 12.526 Year-on-year trends Improvements to the questionnaires A number of improvements were made to the data collection questionnaires for the 2021 compared to previous studies. These changes have resulted in more consistent and reliable data provision across mills. In particular, the following changes are highlighted: • For the mills that produce and sell energy (electricity and/or heat and steam), the mill experts completing the questionnaire were asked to allocate resources and emissions between the co-products of board and energy. This approach means that, unlike previous © RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Page 1 and 2: European Database for Cartonboard a
Page 3 and 4: 3 Conclusions .....................
Page 5 and 6: 5 • For WLC, the collected data r
Page 7 and 8: 7 Description of the product system
Page 9 and 10: 9 When the raw material source is r
Page 11 and 12: 11 Figure 1 Understanding the manuf
Page 13 and 14: 13 The individual cartons are then
Page 15: 15 Figure 3 Gate-to-gate system bou
Page 18: 17 Figure 4 Gate-to-gate system bou
Page 21: 19 Figure 5 System boundaries for t
Page 24 and 25: 21 Data collection for carton produ
Page 26 and 27: 23 Chemicals and other non-fibre in
Page 28 and 29: 25 Allocation of residues to paper
Page 30 and 31: 27 Transport The transport distance
Page 32 and 33: 29 treatment on the site, biogas or
Page 34 and 35: 31 Data Coverage and comparability
Page 36 and 37: 33 Table 2 Gate-to-gate life cycle
Page 38 and 39: 35 Recycled cartonboard Virgin cart
Page 46 and 47: 43 surveys, it is no longer necessa
Page 48 and 49: 45 previous survey in 2018, the sha
Page 50 and 51: 47 Definitions Allocation - Techniq
Page 52 and 53: © RISE Research Institutes of Swed

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