European database for cartonboard and carton production, 2023

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Contents
Contents ..................................................................................................... 2
Corrigendum .............................................................................................. 4
Foreword ................................................................................................... 5
Executive summary .................................................................................... 7
Description of the product system .............................................................. 8
Overview ...................................................................................................................... 8
About cartonboard ....................................................................................................... 8
Cartonboard production process ................................................................................. 9
Carton production....................................................................................................... 12
Methodology questions ............................................................................. 14
Boundaries and declared unit – cartonboard .............................................................. 14
System boundaries for carton production .................................................................. 17
System boundaries for the aggregated results ............................................................ 19
Data description ........................................................................................ 21
Questionnaire .............................................................................................................. 21
Data collection for cartonboard ................................................................................... 21
Data collection for carton production......................................................................... 22
Weighted averages ...................................................................................................... 22
Material inputs ............................................................................................................ 23
Material outputs ......................................................................................................... 25
Energy input and output ............................................................................................. 26
Water inputs and outputs ............................................................................................ 27
Transport .................................................................................................................... 28
Emissions to air .......................................................................................................... 29
Emissions to water ...................................................................................................... 30
Data ......................................................................................................... 32
Coverage and comparability of the datasets ............................................................... 32
Relationship to the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF).................................... 32
Results ..................................................................................................... 33
Life cycle inventory for cartonboard and cartons 2021 ............................................. 33
Additional information on energy and fuels ............................................................... 42
Internal fuels .............................................................................................................. 42
Year-on-year trends .................................................................................................... 43
Improvements to the questionnaires ......................................................................... 43
Trends in key environmental parameters ................................................................. 44
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