European database for cartonboard and carton production, 2023

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31 Figure 7 Potential credit for reduction of substances in the effluent water Since only a few mills analyse their incoming water the available data cannot be considered as representative. Therefore, only data for the emissions to the recipient are given, without taking into account the substances in the incoming water. Most of the cartonboard plants have internal wastewater treatment, and in some cases this is then further treated externally afterwards. In case the wastewater is not further treated externally and released to the environment, the emission level of substances is so low that reporting them is not required by authorities. Besides the substances reported in Table 4, very few plants have also given data on some of the following emissions: metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Nickel, Iron, Boron, Aluminium), Chlorine and Phosphorus. The amounts are below 0.001 kg/tonne nsp and are not reported in the inventories. Allocation of emissions to paper grades when a mill produces more than one paper grade As far as waterborne emissions per m3 are measured for a mill, these data are well documented. The figures reported are usually based on continuous measurements according to control programmes set by official authorities. Given emissions to water are generally measured according to standard methodology, although for COD and BOD results can be significantly different if measured on a homogenous sample or on a settled sample. Where necessary, allocation between paper grades is done according to mass of produced paper grade. Data on emissions to water from the carton converting plants were also collected. However, the converting plants are not subject to Industrial Emissions legislation, and therefore the quantity and quality of available data is inconsistent. This is further complicated by the fact that the cartonboard plants do not all have their own effluent treatment facilities or treat only certain aspects of the wastewater associated with specific processes (for example, ink recovery). Many plants discharge a proportion of their wastewater under specific agreement to public effluent treatment facilities and therefore do not have access to data on the releases to the environment (after final treatment). For © RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
32 this reason, data representative of emissions after a public wastewater treatment plant should be considered for the waste emissions from the converting plants. Data Coverage and comparability of the datasets Pro Carton has previously surveyed the environmental performance of the cartonboard and carton industry. Inevitably, over time the coverage of the surveys has changed: • Old paper mills and converting facilities have closed and new mills and converting facilities have opened • Mills may change the grades of board they are producing • Additional mills and converting facilities may have opted to participate in the survey whilst others have dropped out of participation, changing the coverage and representativeness of the datasets In particular, for the 2021 survey compared to the previous survey in 2018: • 9 mills producing approximately 3,000,000 tonnes of WLC contributed to the 2021 survey compared to 8 mills producing approximately 2,000,000 tonnes participating in the 2018 survey • 14 mills producing approximately 2,250,000 tonnes of FBB contributed to the 2021 survey compared to 10 mills producing approximately 2,000,000 tonnes participating in the 2018 survey • 3 mills producing approximately 630,000 tonnes of SBB/SUB contributed to the 2021 survey compared to 4 mills producing approximately 1,000,000 tonnes participating in the 2018 survey • 25 converting plants producing approximately 530,000 tonnes of cartons contributed to the 2021 survey compared to 33 converting plants producing approximately 450,000 tonnes participating in the 2018 survey. With the exception of SBB/SUB production, the share of the market covered in the surveys has been increased. These changes in participation in the survey mean that the weighted averages generated are therefore more representative of average European production, and therefore represents an improvement in the quality of the datasets. This change in coverage of the surveys should be borne in mind when comparing the weighted average results in the previous editions of the report. Relationship to the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) Over the course of multiple iterations of the project a robust process has been developed in which the data provided is processed and checked by both LCA practitioners and industry experts. The process and data are then subjected to an independent peer review. This experience has led to the generation of a well-respected and transparent life cycle inventory dataset for the production of cartonboard and the conversion of cartonboard © RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Page 1 and 2: BIOECONOMY Unit European database f
Page 3 and 4: 3 Sustainable forest management ...
Page 5 and 6: 5 Foreword Pro Carton, the European
Page 7 and 8: 7 Executive summary This report is
Page 9 and 10: 9 • White Lined Chipboard WLC (al
Page 11 and 12: 11 provide some degree of water res
Page 13 and 14: 13 Figure 2 Typical layout of a car
Page 15 and 16: 15 For those paper mills producing
Page 18 and 19: 17 System boundaries for carton pro
Page 21 and 22: 19 System boundaries for the aggreg
Page 24 and 25: 21 Data description Questionnaire D
Page 26 and 27: 23 Some converting plants use gravu
Page 28 and 29: 25 Material outputs The main output
Page 30 and 31: 27 The reported weighted averages o
Page 32 and 33: 29 Emissions to air Emissions from
Page 36 and 37: 33 into cartons. This process and t
Page 38 and 39: Recycled cartonboard Virgin cartonb
Page 48 and 49: 45 the mill per tonne of virgin car
Page 50 and 51: 47 Peer review The study presented
Page 52 and 53: 49 Annex 1: Peer review statement
Page 54 and 55: © RISE Research Institutes of Swed

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