February Issue 2024

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Thielecke and Blannin discovered that anaerobic endurance improved after supplementation with 4.9g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 5n-3) and 1.4g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 6n-3) over four weeks in a group of soccer players. 5 Furthermore, the researchers found that smaller amounts of EPA and DHA tended to reduce mean exercise heart rate and improved heart rate recovery for recreational participants compared to athletes. Thielecke and Blannin determined that the difference for this outcome is higher metabolic flux in athletes which may require them to consume more EPA and DHA to obtain the benefits. 5 To explore the effective use of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on athletes, Kawamura et al. conducted a randomized, controlled trial to discover if perilla oil, a rich α-linolenic acid, fuels energy and improves gut function for female volleyball athletes. 4 Having a healthy gut can improve energy metabolism during exercise and can prevent inflammation and fatigue; ultimately, contributing to a negative recovery. The researchers gathered thirtysix participants and divided them into three groups according to their perilla oil intake: high oil intake (HOI) 9g/d, low oil intake (LOI) 3g/d, and placebo supplementation (PLA) group. The athletes were told to maintain their regular diet, training, and lifestyle during the intervention. Areas of measurement included body weight, body composition, gut microbiota, bacterial DNA from feces, and a constipation score to assess any difficulty with defecating, the presence of abdominal pain, or infrequent bowel movements. In terms of the study results, there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements between groups. Upon examining the fecal microbiota for bacterial changes, Kawamura et al. discovered that Proteobacteria significantly decreased post-intervention compared to preintervention for participants in the HOI group. In addition, Firmicutes significantly decreased post-intervention compared to pre-intervention for participants in the LOI group. In contrast, Bacteroidetes significantly increased post-intervention compared to pre-intervention for participants in the LOI group. Furthermore, the constipation score significantly decreased in the HOI and LOI groups compared to no change demonstrated in the PLA group. Overall, the researchers found that 3g/d of perilla oil in eight weeks can increase the abundance of Butyrate - producing bacteria and relieve constipation in trained female volleyball players. The increase in Bacteroidetes for the LOI group, in turn, decreased the F:B ratio leading to the production of SCFA. For this study, low amounts of perilla oil supported to suppression of constipation and increased bacteria to improve gut function in high-intensity trained athletes improving performance. 4 26
In contrast, SFAs and trans fats should be limited since these fats do not have the same benefits for athletes. Excessive amounts of SFAs and trans fat contribute to a high risk of cardiovascular disease and obesity. 2 In addition, these fats can increase inflammation causing an athlete's muscles to get sore making it difficult to recover from exercising. 6 Furthermore, specific trans fatty acids influence the regulation of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress which can negatively impact an athlete’s performance. 7 For instance, vigorous or prolonged exercise can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells that promote redox disturbances; thus, resulting in oxidative damage on a cellular level. 8 This type of cellular consequence can be demonstrated at rest and during exercise because ROS are continually produced in both segments. Therefore, if the oxidative damage is not properly addressed it could eventually lead to an athlete having a muscle injury. 8 Overall, dietary fat is essential for growth, provides satiety, and is a source of long-term energy. 6 The amount of fat an athlete consumes depends on their energy needs and sports’ intensity. However, in terms of fuel for exercise, trans fat and SFAs should be limited during training and competitions due to the increased risk of inflammation and injury. 6 On the other hand, MUFAs and PUFAs display a range of benefits that athletes can obtain by consuming sources rich in n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids such as fish, nuts, avocados, and oils. 1,4 As such, these fats should remain a natural part of an athlete’s diet to improve performance. References 1.Field CJ, Robinson L. Dietary Fats. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(4):722-724. doi:10.1093/advances/nmz052 2. DiNicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe JH. Monounsaturated Fat vs Saturated Fat: Effects on Cardio-Metabolic Health and Obesity. Mo Med. 2022;119(1):69-73. 3. NSWIS Nutrition Team. An athlete’s Guide to Understanding Dietary Fat. NSW Institute of Sport (NSWIS). <strong>February</strong> 18, 2020. https://www.nswis.com.au/nutrition/an-athletes-guide-to-understanding-dietary-fat/. 4. Kawamura A, Nemoto K, Sugita M. Effect of 8-week intake of the n-3 fatty acid-rich perilla oil on the gut function and as a fuel source for female athletes: a randomised trial. British journal of nutrition. 2023;129(6):981-991. doi:10.1017/S0007114522001805 5. Thielecke F, Blannin A. Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Sport Performance-Are They Equally Beneficial for Athletes and Amateurs? A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2020;12(12). doi:10.3390/nu12123712 6. Flack KD, Hays HM, Moreland JE. Dietary fat and athletic performance. FCS3-622 University of Kentucky. <strong>February</strong> 2019. http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/FCS3/FCS3622/FCS3622.pdf. 7.Oteng AB, Kersten S. Mechanisms of Action of trans Fatty Acids. Adv Nutr. 2020;11(3):697-708. doi:10.1093/advances/nmz125 8. Powers SK, Deminice R, Ozdemir M, Yoshihara T, Bomkamp MP, Hyatt H. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Friend or foe? Journal of sport and health science. 2020;9(5):415-425. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.001 27
Page 1 and 2: NUTRINEWS U N I V E R S I T Y O F N
Page 4 and 5: International Day of Women & Girls
Page 6 and 7: MYTH BUSTING CRAVINGS: MEANING, CAU
Page 8 and 9: The Lunch Box Walnut Rosemary Crust
Page 10 and 11: HACKS TO KEEP YOUR HEART 5HEALTHY B
Page 12 and 13: UNF NUTRINEWS FEBRUARY 2024 COMING
Page 14 and 15: https://www.worldcancerday.org/ Des
Page 17 and 18: Nutrition Research IS HIGH CHOLESTE
Page 19 and 20: A L L A B O U T K A T I E A L J I A
Page 21 and 22: H O W T O O L I T T L E P O T A S S
Page 24 and 25: S P O R T S N U T R I T I O N The R
Page 28 and 29: Meet the Team Editor in Chief Delan
Page 30 and 31: Meet the Team Publisher Editor Edit
Page 32: Meet the Team Interviewer Julianna

February Issue 2024

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?