Nutrinews

A two-year randomized control trial
conducted in Finland by Ngandu et al.
aimed to prevent cognitive decline in a
vulnerable elderly population.9 Cognitive
screening, such as word-list memory
tasks, was performed throughout the
study.9 The nutritional intervention was a
diet with “10–20% of daily energy from
proteins, 25–35% daily energy from fat
[least amount from trans fatty acids and
saturated fats], 45–55% daily energy from
carbohydrates [emphasis on whole
grains], 25–35 g/day of dietary fiber,” salt,
and alcohol restriction.9
In addition to exercise, results show a 25-
150% increase in cognition for the
intervention group compared to the
control group.9 A meta-analysis of 104
studies by Kelly et al. identified that
higher potassium and vegetable intake
indicated a decreased risk of chronic
kidney disease.10 Another meta-analysis
study identified that whole grain intake
reduces risk of “coronary heart disease,
cardiovascular disease, and total cancer,
and mortality from all causes, respiratory
diseases, infectious diseases, diabetes,
and all non-cardiovascular diseases”11
References
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How You Can Prevent Chronic Diseases. CDC. Published October 26, 2023.
https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/prevent/index.htm
2. Raghupathi W, Raghupathi V. An empirical study of chronic diseases in the United States: A visual analytics approach to public health. International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018;15(3):1-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030431
3. CDC. About chronic diseases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm
4. Gropper SS. The Role of Nutrition in Chronic Disease. Nutrients. 2023;15(3):664. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030664
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthy Eating for a Healthy Weight . CDC. Published 2019.
https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/healthy_eating/index.html
6. Pasdar Y, Moradi F, Cheshmeh S, et al. Major dietary patterns and dietary inflammatory index in relation to dyslipidemia using cross-sectional results from
the RaNCD cohort study. Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1):19075. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46447-8
7. Podadera-Herreros A, Alcala-Diaz JF, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, et al. Long-term consumption of a mediterranean diet or a low-fat diet on kidney function in
coronary heart disease patients: The CORDIOPREV randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition. 2022;41(2):552-559.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.041
8. Jimenez-Torres J, Alcalá-Diaz JF, Torres-Peña JD, et al. Mediterranean Diet Reduces Atherosclerosis Progression in Coronary Heart Disease: An Analysis of
the CORDIOPREV Randomized Controlled Trial. Stroke. 2021;52(11):3440-3449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.033214
9. Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to
prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England). 2015;385(9984):2255-2263.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60461-5
10. Kelly JT, Su G, Zhang L, et al. Modifiable Lifestyle Factors for Primary Prevention of CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American
Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2021;32(1):239-253. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020030384
11. Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E, et al. Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality:
systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ. 2016;353(2716):i2716. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2716
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