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02 AERODYNAMICS<br />
20000061443 Synaps Ingenieur-Gesellschaft m.b.H., Bremen,<br />
Germany<br />
A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY TO PREDICT THE<br />
WAVE DRAG OF A TRANSONIC WING<br />
Kribler, T., Synaps Ingenieur-Gesellschaft m.b.H., Germany; Aerodynamic<br />
Design and Optimisation of Flight Vehicles in a Concurrent<br />
Multi-Disciplinary Environment; June 2000, pp. 27-1 - 27-8; In<br />
English; See also 20000061419; Copyright Waived; Avail: CASI;<br />
A02, Hardcopy<br />
A conceptual design methodology to predict the wave drag of a<br />
transonic wing for use within multidisciplinary aircraft design was<br />
developed. To achieve this, a database of cross section designs<br />
optimized with respect to total drag was set up varying the design<br />
parameters Ma, t/c, C(sub L) and Re. Mathematical formulations for<br />
the aerodynamic cross section characteristics total drag, viscous<br />
drag and the local shock location were derived from the database as<br />
functions of the design parameters. The cross section wave drag<br />
was then derived using these formulations. A locally infinite swept<br />
wing is assumed and simple sweep theory using the shock sweep<br />
angle is used to transform the wave drag. The wave drag of a 3-D<br />
wing is predicted summing locally infinite swept wing sections in<br />
spanwise direction. The achieved drag prediction is accurate enough<br />
for use within conceptual aircraft design and predicts well the trends<br />
in wave drag development as a function of the design parameters<br />
Ma, t/c, C(sub L), Re and the wing planform.<br />
Author<br />
Aircraft Design; Design Analysis; Wave Drag; Transonic Flow; Wing<br />
Planforms<br />
20000061444 Florida Univ., Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, Mechanics<br />
and Engineering Science, Gainesville, FL USA<br />
AIRFOIL AND WING PLANFORM OPTIMIZATION FOR MICRO<br />
AIR VEHICLES<br />
Sloan, J. G., Florida Univ., USA; Shyy, W., Florida Univ., USA;<br />
Haftka, R. T., Florida Univ., USA; Aerodynamic Design and Optimisation<br />
of Flight Vehicles in a Concurrent Multi-Disciplinary<br />
Environment; June 2000, pp. 28-1 - 28-14; In English; See also<br />
20000061419; Copyright Waived; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy<br />
Low Reynolds number flight for micro air vehicles (microAVs)<br />
suffers from laminar separation resulting in reduced lift and increased<br />
drag. The objective of the present work is to use the<br />
response surface methodology (RSM) to identify correlations between<br />
the airfoil and the wing planform to facilitate a two-level<br />
optimization procedure in which an optimized airfoil and wing planform<br />
are reached simultaneously. Several approaches have been<br />
considered in this work. A constant cross-section wing is modeled<br />
with maximum camber, y(sub c), maximum thickness, y(sub t) and<br />
aspect ratio,AR, as design variables at two different Reynolds<br />
numbers of 8.0 x 10(exp 4) and 2.0 x 10(exp 5). This is done to<br />
determine how the optimal airfoil may change for different aspect<br />
ratios and Reynolds numbers. A variable cross-section wing defined<br />
by root camber and angle-of-attack and tip camber and angle-ofattack<br />
is modeled in order to determine how the optimal airfoil may<br />
change from the root to the tip of the wing. Due to the size restrictions<br />
on microAVs, a fixed-span approach is used to model an aircraft<br />
subject to the constraints of steady flight with the aspect ratio and<br />
camber as design variables. This third approach balances trade-offs<br />
between wing area, aspect ratio, and Reynolds number in determining<br />
the overall flight efficiency. Optimal airfoils exhibit characteristics<br />
which change little with wing aspect ratio or location on the wing<br />
planform. There appears to be a trend of increasing optimal camber<br />
with decreasing Reynolds number. While the optimal design seems<br />
to favor airfoils with minimum thickness and relatively modest<br />
camber of about 4 to 5% of the chord, a higher camber may be a<br />
better choice if higher lift coefficient at minimum power is used as a<br />
design goal. Measurements of both the global and the local response<br />
surface prediction accuracy combined with design space refinement<br />
help to assess the reliability of the response surface approximations<br />
and optimal design predictions.<br />
Author<br />
Airfoils; Wing Planforms; Optimization; Camber; Design Analysis;<br />
Low Reynolds Number<br />
20000061446 Aerospatiale, Matra Missiles, Chatillon, France<br />
MULTI-FLIGHT CONDITION OPTIMIZATION OF THREE DIMEN-<br />
SIONAL SUPERSONIC INLETS<br />
Carrier, Gerald, Aerospatiale, France; Bourdeau, Christophe,<br />
8<br />
Aerospatiale, France; Knight, Doyle, Rutgers Univ., USA; Kergaravat,<br />
Yan, Aerospatiale, France; Montazel, Xavier, Aerospatiale,<br />
France; Aerodynamic Design and Optimisation of Flight Vehicles in a<br />
Concurrent Multi-Disciplinary Environment; June 2000, pp. 30-1 -<br />
30-10; In English; See also 20000061419<br />
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DDM980001N; Copyright Waived; Avail:<br />
CASI; A02, Hardcopy<br />
This paper presents an innovative methodology to address the<br />
three-dimensional supersonic inlet design problem. An efficient and<br />
robust process allows to optimize the aerodynamic performance of<br />
inlets for multiple flight conditions. This optimization process links<br />
together an optimizer with a fast and accurate simulation tool into an<br />
automated optimization loop. The implementation of this new design<br />
technique and its applications to two different test cases are presented,<br />
namely, the optimization for a single cruise condition, and the<br />
optimization for a mission comprised of acceleration, cruise and<br />
maneuver phases. The mission-optimized inlet achieves better overall<br />
performance than the cruise-optimized inlet.<br />
Author<br />
Flight Conditions; Supersonic Inlets; Procedures; Three Dimensional<br />
Models<br />
20000108802 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Aerospace Systems Design<br />
Lab., Atlanta, GA USA<br />
TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE PRECISION STRIKE MISSILE<br />
SYSTEMS: MISSILE AEROMECHANICS TECHNOLOGY<br />
Fleeman, Eugene L., Georgia Inst. of Tech., USA; Technologies for<br />
Future Precision Strike Missile Systems; September 2000, pp. 2-1 -<br />
2-10; In English; See also 20000108801; Original contains color<br />
illustrations; Copyright Waived; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy<br />
This paper provides an assessment of the state-of-the-art of<br />
new aeromechanics technologies for future precision strike missile<br />
systems. The aeromechanics technologies are grouped into specific<br />
discussion areas of aerodynamics, propulsion, and airframe materials<br />
technologies. Technologies that are addressed in this paper are:<br />
Missile aerodynamics technologies- Assessments include aerodynamic<br />
configuration shaping, lattice tail control, split canard control,<br />
forward swept surfaces, bank-to-turn maneuvering, and flight trajectory<br />
shaping; Missile propulsion technologies- Assessments include<br />
supersonic air breathing propulsion, high temperature combustors,<br />
low drag ramjet inlets, ramjet inlet/airframe integration, high density<br />
fuels, and rocket motor thrust magnitude control; and Missile airframe<br />
materials technologies- Assessments include hypersonic<br />
structure materials, composite structure materials, hypersonic insulation<br />
materials, multi-spectral domes, and reduced parts count<br />
structure.<br />
Author<br />
Missile Systems; Aerodynamics; Propulsion; Missile Design;<br />
Airframes; Missile Components; Missile Configurations; Missile<br />
Control; Radar Homing Missiles<br />
20010009842 National Aerospace Lab., Amsterdam, Netherlands<br />
DATA FROM AGARD REPORT 702: NACA 64A006 OSCILLAT-<br />
ING FLAP; NACA 012 OSCILLATORY AND TRANSIENT PITCH-<br />
ING; NLR 7301 SUPERCRITICAL AIRFOIL OSCILLATORY<br />
PITCHING AND OSCILLATING FLAP; AND ZKP WING, OSCIL-<br />
LATING AILERON<br />
Landon, R. H., Aircraft Research Association Ltd., UK; Verification<br />
and Validation Data for Computational Unsteady Aerodynamics;<br />
October 2000, pp. 29-96; In English; See also 20010009839;<br />
Copyright Waived; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy<br />
In the late seventies a need was perceived for standard<br />
comparison cases and experimental data to aid the comparison and<br />
validation of the theoretical methods then emerging for unsteady<br />
aerodynamics. A Working Group of the AGARD Structures and<br />
Materials panel chose a set of 2-D and 3-D configurations and for<br />
each configuration defined a set of test cases, including a priority<br />
subset, to be used for comparisons. These test cases were fully<br />
identified. The chosen configurations were known as the AGARD<br />
Aeroelastic Configurations and the chosen cases were denoted as<br />
Computational Test (CT) cases. Some of the CT cases were entirely<br />
theoretical while others were also the subject of unsteady measurements.<br />
The next step undertaken to aid the methods development<br />
was to produce an experimental data compendium (AGARD Report<br />
702, which was conceived with the idea of bringing together the<br />
experimental data most important for the comparisons. The report<br />
was followed by an Addendum, which introduced two additional 3-D