a. robotic arm <strong>and</strong> nano-syringe pump for b. digital camera microscope for imaging precision dispensing <strong>of</strong> solutions on spinning spreading solution drop glass slides c. Spin caster Figure 2-3.3. Diagram <strong>of</strong> a proposed dynamic wetting apparatus to better control, measure <strong>and</strong> quantify wetting <strong>of</strong> asphalt on glass slides. 52
Problems <strong>and</strong> Solutions to Problems An upgrade to the present AFM equipment, which includes a solidification stage, a dynamic wetting apparatus <strong>and</strong> metrology <strong>and</strong> nanoindentation capabilities will lead to the capability <strong>of</strong> measuring micro <strong>and</strong> nano-rheological properties <strong>and</strong> flow properties <strong>of</strong> asphalt thin-film materials, in addition to material composition. It is anticipated that these upgrades will lead to very rapid methods <strong>of</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong> asphalt binders that predict, individually, compositional <strong>and</strong> rheological properties, as well as study how these properties are intimately related to the binding action <strong>of</strong> pavement grade asphalts. References ASTM D4124-01, 2002, St<strong>and</strong>ard Test Method for Separation <strong>of</strong> Asphalt into Four Fractions. Annual Book <strong>of</strong> ASTM St<strong>and</strong>ards, Road <strong>and</strong> Paving Materials; Vehicle-Pavement Systems, Section 4, vol. 04.03. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 821-829. Bian, L., <strong>and</strong> F. Taheri, 2008, Fatigue fracture criteria <strong>and</strong> microstructures <strong>of</strong> magnesium alloy plates. Materials Science <strong>and</strong> Engineering A, 48774–85. Cappelli, M. D., R. L. Carlson, <strong>and</strong> G. A. Kardomateas, 2008, The transition between small <strong>and</strong> long fatigue crack behavior <strong>and</strong> its relation to microstructure. International Journal <strong>of</strong> Fatigue, 30: 1473–1478. K<strong>and</strong>hal, P. S., <strong>and</strong> S. Chakaraborty, 1996, Effect <strong>of</strong> Asphalt Film Thickness on Short <strong>and</strong> Long Term Aging <strong>of</strong> Asphalt Paving Mixtures. NCAT Report No. 96-01. K<strong>and</strong>hal, P. S., K. Y. Foo, <strong>and</strong> R. B. Mallick, 1998, A Critical Review <strong>of</strong> VMA Requirements in Superpave. NCAT Report No. 98-1. Loeber, L., O. Sutton, J. Morel, J.-M. Valleton, <strong>and</strong> G. Muller, 1996, New direct observations <strong>of</strong> asphalts <strong>and</strong> asphalt binders by scanning electron microscopy <strong>and</strong> atomic force microscopy. Journal <strong>of</strong> Microscopy, 182(1): 32-39. Pauli, A. T., <strong>and</strong> W. Grimes, 2003, Surface Morphological Stability Modeling <strong>of</strong> SHRP <strong>Asphalts</strong>. American Chemical Society Division <strong>of</strong> Fuel Chemistry Preprints, 48(1): 19-23. Robertson, R. E., K. P. Thomas, P. M. Harnsberger, F. P. Miknis, T. F. Turner, J. F. Branthaver, S-C. Huang, A. T. Pauli, D. A. Netzel, T. M. Bomstad, M. J. Farrar, J. F. McKay, <strong>and</strong> M. McCann. “<strong>Fundamental</strong> <strong>Properties</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Asphalts</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Modified</strong> <strong>Asphalts</strong> II, Final Report, Volume I: Interpretive Report,” Federal Highway Administration, Contract No. DTFH61-99C-00022, Chapters 1-4 submitted for publication, November 2005. Robertson, R. E., K. P. Thomas, P. M. Harnsberger, F. P. Miknis, T. F. Turner, J. F. Branthaver, S-C. Huang, A. T. Pauli, D. A. Netzel, T. M. Bomstad, M. J. Farrar, D. Sanchez, J. F. McKay, <strong>and</strong> M. McCann. “<strong>Fundamental</strong> <strong>Properties</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Asphalts</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Modified</strong> <strong>Asphalts</strong> II, Final Report, 53
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