the arts of africa - Dallas Museum of Art

96 1 : icons and symbols of leadership and status
1 : icons and symbols of leadership and status 97
Notes
1. T. Phillips 1995: 531
2. Leloup 2005: 172
3. A wood sample from the sculpture was tested in
1988 at the Physics and Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory
at the University of Arizona, Tucson; see also
p. 35, note 3, for additional information.
4. Leloup 2000: 8; Leloup 1994: 111–28; Grunne 2001a:
35–54; Grunne 2001b: 75–88
5. Olfert Dapper (1668) quoted, in Roth [1903] 1972:
160
6. Ben-Amos 1995: 9
7. Blackmun 1983: 64
8. Roth [1903] 1972: xiii
9. Blackmun 2000: 3–4
10. Christie’s 1992: lot 247
11. Egharevba 1968: 26
12. Roese and Bondarenko 2003: 100–1003; Blackmun,
in Plankensteiner 2007: 445–46
13. Blackmun, in Ben-Amos and Rubin 1983: 62
14. Ibid.
15. Ben-Amos 1995: 98
16. Blackmun, in Plankensteiner 2007: 446
17. Ben-Amos 1995: 34
18. A complete figure is reproduced in Eyo 1990: 120;
and in Blackmun, in Plankensteiner 2007: 445
19. Vogel 1983: 350; Willett, in T. Phillips 1995: 428
The corpus includes one in the National Museum,
Lagos, that is not mentioned in Vogel’s article.
20. Awolalu 1979: 168
21. Thompson 1970: 8–17; Drewal and Mason 1998:
201–205
22. Drewal and Pemberton with Abiodun 1989: 26–33;
Lawal 2002: 80–89
23. Drewal and Pemberton with Abiodun 1989: 26–32
24. Biebuyck 1973: 66–71
25. Rubin 1993: 16–18
26. Biebuyck 1973: 186–87
27. Ibid., [213], plates 60–62; Cameron 2001: 180
28. Garrard, in Barbier 1993, vol. 2: 163
29. Notue, in Mack 2000: 112
30. Northern 1984: 53
31. Geary 2000: 5
32. Biebuyck and Abbeele 1984: 96
33. Brown 1944: 431–47
Brown describes chieftainship among the Tumba,
who also have a chief (nkumu) who wears a similar
hat called a montolo. Writing in the 1940s, Brown notes
that the ceremonies connected with the nkumu were
rapidly disappearing under the influence of European
occupation and control.
34. Shamashang, in Mack 2000: 137
35. Darish and Binkley 1995: 168
36. Cameron 2001: 75–76
37. Bastin 1982: 86–89
38. Roberts and Roberts 1996: 154
39. Cameron 1877: 333
40. Roberts and Roberts 1996: 156
41. Sousberghe 1958: 135–37
42. R. Phillips 1995: 75
43. Bassani and Fagg 1988: 231, fig. 52
44. Flickinger 1885: facing p. 32
45. Walker 2005
46. Allison 1944: 49–50
47. Walker 1998
This book includes the artist’s biography reconstructed
from various European and African sources,
a catalogue raisonné of the artist’s works, and an
extensive bibliography.
48. Kloman and Elliott 2004: 120–23
49. Sieber and Walker 1987: 73
50. Wastiau 2006: 18, 120
51. Geary 1983: 108