Trends and Limits of Two-Stage Boosting Systems for Automotive ...

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IMEP Indicative Mean Effective Pressure. IVC Inlet Valve Closing. LP Low Pressure. LQG Linear Quadratic Gaussian. LST Low Speed Turbocharger. MVEM Mean Value Engine Model. MWE Map Width Enhancement. NA Naturally Aspirated. NEDC New European Driving Cycle. OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer. ORC Organic Rankine Cycle. PM Permanent Magnet. PMEP Pumping Mean Effective Pressure. POC Point Of Combustion. POI Point Of Injection. RC Rankine Cycle. RoHR Rate of Heat Release. SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction. SHS Sequential Hydro-Supercharging System. SISO Single Input Single Output. SOC Start Of Combustion. SRM Switched Reluctance Machines. SST Single Stage Turbocharger. VAIGV Variable Axial Inlet Guide Vanes. VGC Variable Geometry Compressor. VGT Variable Geometry Turbine. Latin symbols A area [m2 ]. ap instantaneous piston acceleration [m�s2 ]. C completion parameter. Cd discharge coefficient. Cp specific heat at constant pressure [J�kg.K]. Cw Woschni’s coefficient. c sound velocity [m�s]. cm mean piston speed [m/s]. compressor compression ratio. cr xx
cu tangential velocity [m�s]. D diameter [m]. dcomb duration of the combustion phase [cad]. Esteel elasticity coefficient of steel [P a]. ecc piston eccentricity [m]. er expansion ratio. F absolute fuel to air ratio. Frel relative fuel to air ratio. H enthalpy [J]. Hc heat of combustion [J�kg]. HRT heat release fraction. h heat transfer coefficient. hpis piston height [m]. kdef deformation coefficient. kexh Heat transfer coefficient. kfa FAMEP correlation coefficient. Kmix mixing combustion model constant. L0 characteristic length [m]. Lc connecting rod length [m]. Oper optimized expansion ratio. P pressure [bar]. MSN mean swirl number. m mass [kg]. �m mass flow rate [kg�s]. malt mass with reciprocating motion [kg]. mi shape parameter. N speed [rpm]. Nu Nusselt number. NT U Number of Transfer Units. Nv number of valves. P r Prandtl number. Q heat transfer [J]. q heat losses [J�kg]. R ideal gas constant [J�kg.K]. Re Reynolds number. rc compression ratio. rgearbox supercharger transmission ratio. S stoke [m]. xxi
Page 1: Departamento de Máquinas y Motores
Page 5 and 6: Abstract Internal combustion engine
Page 7 and 8: Résumé Le développement des mote
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgments Many people have co
Page 11 and 12: “Research is to see what everybod
Page 13 and 14: xiii à mes parents et à Coralie.
Page 15 and 16: Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Backg
Page 17 and 18: 5.5 Experimental Calibration and Va
Page 19: Nomenclature Acronyms 0D Zero Dimen
Page 23 and 24: 0 stagnation conditions. 1 LP compr
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1 Introduction Contents 1.1
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 1 Section 1.1 Particulaate
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1 Section 1.1 CO2 C g/KKm 2
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 1 Section 1.1 Important pro
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 1 Section 1.2 arrive now to
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 1 Section 1.3 intercooler v
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 1 References the inherent u
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 1 References [109] U. Flaig
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 2 Literature Review of Boos
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 2 Section 2.1 components of
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2 Section 2.2 meanwhile on
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2 Section 2.2 than a larger
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 Section 2.2 A control sys
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 2 Section 2.2 In this arran
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2 Section 2.2 and packaging
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 2 Section 2.2 across the LP
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 2 Section 2.2 low HP turbin
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 2 Section 2.2 In 2009, in o
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 2 Section 2.2 turbocharger
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 2 Section 2.2 after-treatme
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 2 Section 2.3 Overall compr
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 2 Section 2.3 studies are v
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 2 Section 2.3 for the turbo
Page 71 and 72:
Chapter 2 Section 2.3 Pressure Rati
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Chapter 2 Section 2.3 Then at highe
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Chapter 2 Section 2.3 ifold. They r
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Chapter 2 Section 2.4 204], and the
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Chapter 2 Section 2.4 less electric
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Chapter 2 Section 2.4 whereas the E
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Chapter 2 Section 2.4 kW EAT system
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Chapter 2 Section 2.4 electrical en
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Chapter 2 Section 2.5 etc. . . ). T
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Chapter 2 Section 2.5 to improve th
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Chapter 2 Section 2.5 pipe arrangem
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Chapter 2 Section 2.5 Figure 2.42:
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Chapter 2 Section 2.5 axial and rad
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Chapter 2 Section 2.5 the AFR by hi
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Chapter 2 Section 2.5 Numbers of al
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Chapter 2 Section 2.5 theses result
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Chapter 2 Section 2.5 which the pea
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Chapter 2 Section 2.6 able centripe
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Chapter 2 Section 2.6 [52] designin
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Chapter 2 Section 2.6 BSFC (g/kWh)
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Chapter 2 Section 2.6 significant c
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Chapter 2 Section 2.6 engine cranks
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Chapter 2 Section 2.7 Vuk [338, 339
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Chapter 2 Section 2.7 When one comp
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Chapter 2 Section 2.8 prove the mai
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Chapter 2 References [24] S. Arnold
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Chapter 2 References [69] C.J Chadw
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Chapter 2 References [121] J. Galin
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Chapter 2 References [166] Y. Iwaki
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Chapter 2 References [204] R. Krebs
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Chapter 2 References [248] P. Nefis
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Chapter 2 References [293] M. Schwa
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Chapter 2 References [332] H. Uchid
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Chapter 2 References [360] A. Whitf
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Chapter 3 Analytical study of two-s
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Chapter 3 Section 3.2 figure 3.1 wi
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Chapter 3 Section 3.2 turbines. The
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Chapter 3 Section 3.2 Replacing the
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Chapter 3 Section 3.2 The analysis
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Chapter 3 Section 3.2 Engine load a
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Chapter 3 Section 3.3 ratios and ex
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Chapter 3 Section 3.3 Figure 3.4: O
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Chapter 3 Section 3.3 decreases for
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Chapter 3 Section 3.3 Figure 3.7: E
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Chapter 3 Section 3.4 the difficult
Page 161 and 162:
Chapter 3 References [242] P. Moraa
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Chapter 4 Experimental engine and t
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Chapter 4 Section 4.2 and more reli
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Chapter 4 Section 4.2 ∆p element
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Chapter 4 Section 4.2 correspond to
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Chapter 4 Section 4.2 by an electri
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Chapter 4 Section 4.2 They are all
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Chapter 4 Section 4.3 Regarding fue
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Chapter 4 Section 4.3 on the speed
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Chapter 4 Section 4.3 where Cpt is
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Chapter 4 Section 4.3 (W/K) Power T
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Chapter 4 Section 4.3 Turbine Addap
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Chapter 4 Section 4.3 Turbine T e A
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Chapter 4 Section 4.4 Power (W/K) (
Page 189 and 190:
Chapter 4 References [76] H. Chen,
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Chapter 4 References [266] R. Payri
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Chapter 5 0D Diesel Engine Modeling
Page 195 and 196:
Chapter 5 Section 5.1 CPU Peerforma
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Chapter 5 Section 5.1 tions, lookup
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Chapter 5 Section 5.2 the air filte
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Chapter 5 Section 5.2 Fuel mass fra
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Chapter 5 Section 5.2 Taking into a
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Chapter 5 Section 5.2 Air Filter Ou
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Chapter 5 Section 5.3 and the waste
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Chapter 5 Section 5.3 as the HP EGR
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Chapter 5 Section 5.3 α 720 Cdim
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Chapter 5 Section 5.3 Nuinneropen
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Chapter 5 Section 5.3 Diesel engine
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Chapter 5 Section 5.3 Short Circuit
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Chapter 5 Section 5.3 1306 J. Arreg
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Chapter 5 Section 5.4 where i repre
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Chapter 5 Section 5.4 parameters. A
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Chapter 5 Section 5.4 significantly
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Chapter 5 Section 5.5 MVEM’s, mos
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Chapter 5 Section 5.5 RoHR’s calc
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Chapter 5 Section 5.5 5.5.2 Engine
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Chapter 5 Section 5.5 achieving air
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Chapter 5 Section 5.5 simulated by
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Chapter 5 Section 5.5 ues of therma
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Chapter 5 Section 5.6 A hot transie
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Chapter 5 References [14] A. Albrec
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Chapter 5 References [110] J.W. Fox
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Chapter 5 References [201] P.A. Kon
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Chapter 5 References [283] C. Romer
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Chapter 6 Synthesis of Two-Stage Bo
Page 251 and 252:
Chapter 6 Section 6.2 the boosting
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Chapter 6 Section 6.2 Table 6.2: Pa
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Chapter 6 Section 6.2 6.2 that the
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Chapter 6 Section 6.2 in the steady
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Chapter 6 Section 6.2 5 points decr
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 retained to l
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 second stage
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 tion timings
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 levels before
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 These results
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 tion delays a
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 At 3000 rpm,
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 is provided b
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 brake power i
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 Fuel consumpt
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Chapter 6 Section 6.3 For the turbo
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Chapter 6 Section 6.4 to current ch
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Chapter 6 Section 6.4 technological
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Chapter 6 Section 6.4 are strongly
Page 289 and 290:
Chapter 6 Section 6.5 6.5 Transient
Page 291 and 292:
Chapter 6 Section 6.5 BMEP [bbar] 4
Page 293 and 294:
Chapter 6 Section 6.5 effect can al
Page 295 and 296:
Chapter 6 Section 6.5 power [kW/K]
Page 297 and 298:
Chapter 6 Section 6.5 Pressure rati
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Chapter 6 Section 6.5 been retained
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Chapter 6 Section 6.6 observed with
Page 303 and 304:
Chapter 6 References In this chapte
Page 305 and 306:
Chapter 7 Conclusions Contents 7.1
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Chapter 7 Section 7.2 specific powe
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Chapter 7 Section 7.3 � Very fast
Page 311 and 312:
Chapter 7 Section 7.4 uncertainties
Page 313 and 314:
Chapter 7 Section 7.4 intermediate
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Chapter 7 Section 7.4 justify its u
Page 317 and 318:
Bibliography [1] “ Council Direct
Page 319 and 320:
Bibliography [22] O. Armas. “Diag
Page 321 and 322:
Bibliography [47] Y. Borila. “A S
Page 323 and 324:
Bibliography [71] C.C. Chan. “The
Page 325 and 326:
Bibliography [95] A. Dhand, J. Baek
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Bibliography [119] J. Galindo, J.R.
Page 329 and 330:
Bibliography [143] E. Hendricks, A.
Page 331 and 332:
Bibliography [168] W. Jansen, A.F.
Page 333 and 334:
Bibliography [193] W. Knecht. “Di
Page 335 and 336:
Bibliography [216] B. Lee, Z. Filip
Page 337 and 338:
Bibliography [243] T. Morel and R.
Page 339 and 340:
Bibliography [266] R. Payri, V. Ber
Page 341 and 342:
Bibliography [290] F. Schmitt and B
Page 343 and 344:
Bibliography [313] N. Stosic, I.K.
Page 345 and 346:
Bibliography [339] C.T. Vuk. “Ele
Page 347 and 348:
Bibliography [363] P.R. Williams.
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