""^on'lllot'\o'

H 

HOUSEHOLD CRISIS IN BANGLADESH 

SOCIETY: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF 

VIOLENCE AGAINST MARRIED WOMEN 

""^on'lllot'\o' 

Department of Soci 

University of Kara 

Karachi-75270 

Pakistan 

2009

HOUSEHOLD GRISIS IN BANGLADESH 

SOCIETY: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF 

VIOLENCE AGAINST MARRIED WOMEN 

By 

Selina Ahmed 

n aittatation nfu.ffu ti. acF.c of aoctotuJalilotopft, in 

Soci{W 

Department of Sociology 

University of Karachi 

2009

DECtr't*AXrON. 

I & l-r,lr d.!h. b& ft.b e ,,sbld CtU, b Wt&d Wy I 

Wd $At { ybt s ad r&;d zd frin d b rr.I.rt'rty .f 

Xldi 6r dG d.8r!. ofDo€o. ofFtito&rh, h &ciobo/ t a.luds|, Dy om dd 

ctFt Et NoFtdir,I ry bn, L ta.lhlrit b ry db dri.tt, c 

i!dh!. 6..!y d.grlq d4Dloq d &! o6d rnEjh F!ro!.a 

D*6bh,2@ 

__r

qXTINCATX 

tt id to ..d8 &r ri. @iar od sdd of tu tt 6& d.d lbsba oi!,l, L 

balet W.r: | fui'/'srd W dtbLe qM rturd.aFtFld 

tr s.li- /|h.d lt !r !.a $led .ddd.t tu fiUc b (rtd|E dr-a{d 

i! FtU i|lllb of rb GdEd 5. & de.- .a Dod d r o.o& b 

.d lrho

D.dic.t d 

To 

RrjiBhi, tty soo 

who ruffer! no6a for th. r.lcrrch

ACKNOWLEDGEMf,NT 

Wi.h nrcn audics once I involv.d nyslf sin lhc ll$eh sork ddrl.,i " o@l,A 

Crkit tn B@zlaa.th s..ietr: A so.iolosicrl Stud, o! I'talew asai$t I'knt2d YMn 

win!viwroobt indesreof hcrorofPnn@phyins@iolos/. N@In rc0nblEd 

ny oo|k md md. a dlsndion on i1, I thinl it is t]| righ fine ro tlk {F oDportudly 

ol e*rcwledgilg ny 8r{itude &d indebtedtcs to sn. Ftss sithdt sh@ 

Eriddcn c€Fnrion srd iDsliElio. il @uld haw b€n roLly inposiblc @ my p.n 

coning frsl is fry rosoeh spephor Pot Dr. F kn Muhamdd Burfat Dcp.n@"t 

of Ssiolos/, Univ.Giry of K@hi, ro6.bj-7s270, P.ldslil witholt sboe v.luau. 

suidd* md utrr c@rEadon il could hr. bcn inpGibL fd D. 10 complcE $c 

r.seeh, I m @blc lo pay hin bact, I will !4!in ind.blcd lo hin. lf th.re is dy n€rit 

of rhc Kdt ir du. b nim. Ho*.wr, .ny shonMin$ of tlF srldy w nll ir ny 

Besid.s, I m extr.mely aal.tul to Dr, Muhmrd Yaqub Knaa who h.bed D. r lol in 

plepding qlopst of dE pacnl retuh. I M d$ cdi.ful io ny i.ichd Prof. Dr 

AMul Quadn Bnuiya D.tanftd of SdioloSy, uriv.Bity of Rdsh,li Rljst,ni- 

6205, Begladesh lnd jtot D. Kmd Annad Chovdhury, Cnaima4 Dep.nm.nl of 

S@iolog, Sh.4.lrl Unasity ofscide ed Tahrolog/, Sylhct, B&sladc$ ro sirc 

n€ n.nlal supDon md @p.niid thF!8houl $e p.riod of lb. e$eh. I.n llso 

i.d.br.d to by mlc Pbt Dr. N@l H@i4 Chowdhury, Dcp.nhent of Hislory, 

Univ6i9 or rrlhaht Rdhatj{2o5, Banddgh dd Md. Mdhdl Hdna4 Er. 

Tld@!, Khuln! Univedily, I(1rtE-9203, Beglldesn. I havc r@ived lor., c@ md 

idDidio &@ born of$.m. 

I @ tl$ in&blcd lo my csin tqb€l AID Kh4 fo. hir g@t rcI. bchind ny agds 

lowrd! the topic of lhe t 3@i. I ah lls ghi.tul lo ny couirs Amiml Al4 Khe 

.nd Ohidul Ad Knu, ed ro ny fri.nd Swapan KlllN Dhd. Th.y eE rhe ses of 

i0&iBlion ir lh. pq af adlucting {rc pcqt atuh, I m garctul io $m. of ny 

srudoB who hrvc sho,cd rh.ir e8.m.$ lof my Fs@h. B6idB, I an dlenely 

g@fil to ny sincFhla% L.v.ly who blt almrs b.m. finilial d!.ia! eh.n Ldn€d

md @'L f,e nE to con@nbdte ot my res@n vorh AStin, I d gd'6rl to A@di 

Fdlh ud A!da6! F{ch for rn n h.bing [dd .xt nd.d io b! in nv mry ncd- I d 

d$ thsnklul to Abdrl Intif, tDC, BASR Scction, Univ.Eitv ol K.@hi. X@hi- 

?52?0, PaList'a for h! 1c.55dy @pdio u ofiicid wotk 

I d th.Iktuj to tlt 4thorily of (huld Ut .siry, (hulD-9208, Bogladesh for 

sflning n. 3tdy l6re l

''61 

'Jt lct ct t."t,n 6,v't; P 8 I { o t r !,t, L ut p E 1 ot + rF' & } t &J,t{,},' 

{'i+'-v "r'tt' - u'!,*; - t} cf de !, ilvL a,ia,a.n aaatrt L d lfii +t4 I It 

J-a tiA!,.ti!;L.r h/-l-,td,jht"4't-!P,wt t4 L*t1.d.1-o;?t+ 

) 6> 

" 1 Lz 4 &,1 - l)rL,,t J $ L G I i &.U, d!r' L,P,t' I L, 2otx, L a.!! a JO; 

.t t "b t U \r'iv t,i vrlJ z-G tJ a L C 6Jr o i v,,t r ( lv ttooer)'b'JV JV, *t- t 

-? b, !)v-,G -.6 $ AJ. e ! fL | / r+ I 

- t-(V, t, 6.5 i tt L i' t,,t J'c., i/ r t)y'. UL F, 3 J,j, At j uh ) J Jti.,.J, 

.t'-tLJts,tor + $1,?i! i--/o/ v-lLlat't,)eAtv.tJ)v b.h4)| A)va 

' u t t - n r- $t,?/'! L 

'h z,ti,Jr,tp,j L -)v,i!,! z- {, z-v ldoL rv- ot 

Jv'! f ov a r-t -+ t{,! - v, {,,1 p.tp& iO tt p',\, "t L r| i,c - L, tI/,! 

=ti't,rt fu iy' t2s- d eJk",-A,tz- L 2-$,-t)ve4gvn )4-,!,j/ 

,') C,t @, J - f( e -r -,i n,,t 6,e.,.,t C- & Ln +, L Lvv i r b,t {{ 

-'a {!c?"'ar ;,} /:=t,,\4 I l,-l' v 6c i;y, ez- 

" z-./,h at,//- y- 

w, tt? Jv L.t cav ? Jv j v!*,t6 l/Z 4: t..a * I { i Gl+./n I;r, 

lr I j E- 14 +, f lA i E :.:. cf O,', 6'cl r'JvL.t t,4b. e, Jv i v-,,t o Jt t o, I / 

,.ttuv'f t"tl.\,ll+pJ6,!iq+ r"L of. tyL rt t.t"-E (lqut,tittL 

- a t/'-'l'l:y J'!o u v ",,t A!",t('tL oB y, J t Ctt 

VLt 6 s Lu y'3,L6,a5J4, 4r C{r rl 6 t r6EJ,ttL,l },t {,a!7el&12 t u1 

2' 6.4ep i vq e t? tiy', ( t +s 6/4, +, u ikj4 i4vn rt z \t _+,f,! -,j i 

"5J vL i t4l -)v &'4' q -lt, f h rA dlt 4t L'. IJ. qt r,Z- cr,t V W t&h E 

'qt!"( 

r*( i-y't/r,l-nrLt * ttt.'-4.tAl.r-r/ntcl.!taL,tJ EL,:f n,\J, v- 

- a,l c'J'r' ct--. ; 6'! p t-,,!A " I A a1?$ f; u I 

tta J, q tii t h 

L/,A)a a-f'4q ( L,r{f,tJvL C ha,,bL.L?htt 

E{, 2- L i n i t,,) r,t t },t z,V o, -r t, p, J^,E,u n n J:,r l,,,,tqA Lv,L i,l 

Lts..gtt dibL,tat'fu t i?,?t e' ivL,t rla,t =j j rt/,4 tte| t-c./v t wz 

1 14 -,r i /- t( r.tci I ir'Lzr't {. 1',t 4.r L fit J v L d 67, L L Zt 

,1f2.'6f-'s6, a gr,1'a -, *"rrs v ( r,v 6t1.,.P,!,? yrt j/. L.t 6,/. I r & f& i 

- +'J q J''!*ot''t') "'t' - + | 3 $ fn < a )'u tlo'u t

ABSTRACT 

Thc wm6 @niitu& alF$ half oftnc lopulation oaBdglad'sh D$pil! ConsthnioDal 

g@rcs rhal .ll cirid 4. .qual bcforc tfid law sd d dntd !o .qul prcrddo' of 

rhc law s wll s lh. sI.lc ahall ,or di$rinit.t aEainst mv citiz.n m th€ grouds ol 

Glidon ne, c&, sx or d@ of bitrh lMick 27 .d 28(l) of Brslad6h 

Consliiutionl, lhere se eMplcs of di$rimiDtions altinsr vomen in Bugl'dosh 

si.ry- Th. siMlion cf viol.n@ .8!inst som.n in t|| @mEv is tcdibL- frcm $. 

ooi$ of ldel of violdm. asainsl woncn Bdlladcsh pl&.d foudn position io the world 

in 2006 (IJMCEF, qlotcd in fte r.i r.i Di& 3 Novdb.r,2006, Dn t!)- b $. @nl 

}€s @.!ry asain$ wo;c. h.s sDsn .nomo6lt atd violde h $. lanilt cst

Thc studv indiotes tnd viotac. acriBl nad.d wdtn is nhr'd lo tg' ofwif" l4l 

of.du€ljoD of b$band, lgc ai mdhg. of wif. dd.g. dili@ncc betwc'D l8bdd 

ud Mfc Bsid*, il Pd. rhal dowt, oG childta, ro cnsw thc @i 'tl!r of 

palri@h€t ldial o!dq, *ononioal inabilitv ofno lo suppoa nis wi&.nd 10 maitiain 

cdhl oq na e rhe o.i. flcrds ofviol€E rgli6l ndied w6'd in Boglad'sh 

Ir rlso Gvedls $m. @n*qucftes of hoehold .dsis qhjch s.inlv includ. violda 

!gai.$ Mi.d wob.n, &ffi$ of l4 dd lrust @ons fMilt n mb.6 ed sufiedtg 

of cniF&n, ojr tn. oth* hdd, il 3ho*s sod. .o$.qudc.s of violcncc asrittt Micd 

rcsa whhh nainly ituludc @DdNos tnsi@ tnd tEEaiion, hoehold ohi$ 

bl*dins &/ plin ed hiidde of popq sitliz io orchildr... 

Aborc !tl. d. sn|

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Sr.No, Cort rl 

l.l 

1.2 

1.3 

l.,l 

t.5 

t.6 

1.1 

t.8 

l9 

l l0 

LlI 

2.1 

2,2 

Ac*r@l.dgp6cnl 

AbsErcr (in Untu) 

Ab3t&t (t' Dnglbh) 

T.bl. ofcodalb 

List oa dnple t!bl6 

LBI ofenti!$hcy tabld 

CIIAPITRI 

INIRODUCTION 

!6ilion of Wd.n ir BdShdesh Cdslilutiot 

Pdition ofwo|M ir B.nglldc3t S@iety.rd I|. Intls@ 

on Violme a8aiNt Mdicd wm.n 

l4!l MelG fq Eribiulid of VioLae .grid w@n 

D.nnitim ofrhc Kcy Con@pts 

CIIAPTER.2 

TIiEOREITCAL EACKGROUND AND REI'IEW 

OT LIIERATURE 

rn!on'@ ofThdy in Sai.l Rsrn 

Tn ori6 €btcd to violac. lsainil Wma 

2r.l PsrrtoD.dolosicilADlFi3 

I 

l0 

ll 

l5 

l5 

l5 

t6 

t1 

22 

2!

Sr, No. 

3.1 

3,3 

3.8 

39 

3.t0 

J.lt 

Cod.rt 

22.2 s@ieps}lhologicrlAnalysi3 

22.1 SeiHltnl Arb6is 

Applio&6iliq of tle Th.oies in Beghd.sh Cdtdi, 

dp@dly !c th. P'Mn Sndy 

lMi fDD LitdtrR*id 

CIIAPTER.3 

RESEARCII MDTIIODOLOCY 

32.1 lsidrl. ofs.bclid ofdE St dyAs 

1.2.2 l,cqiplio of Begbdc.h 

32.3 Bri.fD6..itdo of siEjrej Dirtid 

3,2.4 Dcrriplion ofRoygdj Up.zila 

3r-5 Dceipiid ofsodthln dd RuDr}[m VilLsc 

Tenniqucsof Dlt Colkdiod 

l.tl Editing 

3,9.2 Coling 

3.10.2 D.greoaFEdm 

3,10.3 DE8@ of Ashtior 

P.g. No. 

29 

12 

43 

50 

5I 

5l 

52 

52 

5t 

5.1 

54 

54 

55 

5J 

t6 

51 

5E 

58 

59 

59

sr. No' 

a.l 

1t 

4.t 

5.1 

53 

5.4 

5J 

5.6 

Cortdrt 

CEAPTIR.' 

IAI,aINTAI|ON IIID AMLYIIS OI DAIA 

PFr.rLtlor oflhb ln Sl,rDh T.U.. 

cgAtrlR-s 

SUMMAT& IND OONCLUSION 

'INDINGS 

A|ElJOGnlIqY 

AIPEI{DIX.I 

Id.trid S.!G&L Co h8n!D 

IGvLi,S.t i|!L(inBqlt 

AIPENI'TX.2 

fi.drtr ofbCo[.cdd 

Plga Nc 

5l 

52 

63 

I'l 

t57 

lfl 

160 

166 

l6E 

tt2. 

tlt 

176 

2() 

2t)l 

M 

212 

2t

Sl. Nc 

t, 

2. 

3. 

5. 

7. 

3. 

L 

ll, 

12. 

l]. 

lt, 

I6, 

t1, 

18, 

l9 

x0, 

2t. 

LIST OF SIMPLE TABLES 

Colte!a! 

Distribltion ollhc R6pond.nrs by Ase croup 

Dicrih{tion ofth. R..pondats by Muir.l S|!fia 

Dinribution ol1h. Respond.nts by Eduqlion 

Di*iburion ofih. R.sFnLdi by Oc.ulation 

Ditiburioh ofd. R€spondcnrs by RelbioK Iddlity 

Dis$ibltjon oflhc R6Fr{lnrs bt Hdlrh Condido 

Dbtibuiion or$. Rasr.ndents by Husbdd's Eduotion 

Di*ibudon ofllE R.spo!d..ts by oelpdior of HGbad 

Di*ibulion of tn. R.+ond.nrs by P6dl occupaiio of 

Dirlributaon ort[. R6Don&.ts by T}!. of Fm y 

Distribution ofrh. Respond.nt by Household Head 

Distibulior of rh. R6!@ddrs by NlDbd of Fm y 

Disliburion ofd. R6ponddrs by Nub.r otchitdEn 

Dislriburjon ot lhc Reponddrs by Numbd of Eming 

DklribDtion ofihc Reponde.Ls by Tcnal Monlhly Inob. of 

Distribution ofth. Resrbnde s bt Trpe ofHous 

Dslriburio oa rh. R6pordor.i by "Wh.tha Etcorriciiy 

DicribDtaon of the Respoidents by AvaiLbt€ Et4lic i.d 

Elelronic Gods in rhe Hols 

Distibution of rn R6Fnd@1s by "$,h.l[d t rrinc n 

DisEiburic ofrlc R6pond..E by TrF oa Lltrin 

DisLibuioo of rh. Rcsrondqls by .whetner Soue of 

DrirlinA Wrd Ahilablc in ![. Hosd, 

P!9. No. 

63 

65 

66 

63 

72 

15 

77 

80 

8t 

a2 

8.1 

84

Sr. No. Contenb P.8e No. 

22. Dislibulis' oflh. R.spo.d.nts by Tt?. of Mdiagc 36 

23. Distiburion of thc Respondcnts by Nmb.r of Mniagc of 81 

24. Distribution orlh. Responde.ts by Nmb.r ofMdbg! of 38 

2t, Disibltid, ofth. ReQondents 6y Wncth.r Husbrnd had 39 

h6 .nothd wif." 

26. Dislriburion of rh. RdpondenB by "$,h.rhd M.fti.B. 90 

@mdc.:l with ReglErtio. ' 

27. Dislriburio. ol tn. RBpondenls by "Why Mmiae. 9l 

comocal without R.Sid6tio" 

28. Di*ibuio! ofth. R6?od.nts by AgE ar MrriiA. 92 

29. Disfibution of$c R.sloDd.nG by Ase DiiI.en@ b.tN*n 93 

Woncn ed ft.n HBbdd 

10. Dislribur'or of ric Rqordenrs by Aner H@ M,ny Ys 94 

oaMnils. Fnsl Child Bom 

3l . Dislrib!.ior of the Reslondcnb b, Av@gc Age Dil'cEne 9t 

b€lNa. $€ ChildEn 

32, Distributiar of thc Respddents by "Whcthcr Dowly R6 96 

giwo in Concd.d Meirgd' 

33. Diskibutionotrh.R.spond€ntsby hd oiDoary 97 

34. Disfibutim of th. R.sponden& by "Viy rtosry ws not 97 

gived ir Cbnqncd McEiage ' 

35. Dislriblrion 6f$c RdFi.nts hy Anou ofRody Ciih 99 

36. Distiburior ofdE Regon

Si No. Cotrtena P.ge No. 

19. Disrrihnion of rh. R6ponden$ by D.odd of Dosry l0! 

Fullild bt $'h@ 

40, Disrribuion or rhc Respondenk by solre thrcust Whioh l0l 

D.ddd oftlowry Fultllcd 

41, Disr.ib ion oflhc R6p.nd.rb by S(ie ofl@! lO4 

42. DisEibulion of rhc R6pordeli! bt "\r,Ie1hd Do*ry 105 

D.mdd.d rno$c ManialC 

iB. Dirbibuliq' of dc R6pdd.!a by "wli.tls rh.r w.! is 106 

ary CI6h b.teeqn lusband ud Vife dgaidine DoNry" 

44. Disr.ibunm of rh. R6pond.d! by Tttc of R.Ltion hip 107 

45, Disrriburion of $c R.spoddr by Pdiod of lftinlr. t03 

T.lking tu tr Day io lusband 

46. Dicribulioh or tlr RcapoDden6 by Di$6ion Malrd of lO9 

Inrinar.l.lkjrg 

47. Dst ibution of rh. R.stordcr s by "lvh€lhq ienr/ro t t0 

ouliide {irh Hustqd on Visif' 

,13. Di*ibulioh ofrn. R.sFnd.nts by DcsE ofcoing Ou.rid. r r I 

w'th HusbNid on Visir 

49. Disrihdion of thc R.sFnL.ls by TtTG of R.htionship tl2 

50. Distibulion ol lhc Rcs?ondmls by TyF of Rdalionship tl3 

s L Dislriburion or rh. R.spondcnls by Rolc in D€cision Matins I t 4 

P@s oilhe Fmily. 

52. Disributioi ofthc R.spondcnls by "Whcrhs.ficnpcd ovd ll5 

51. Dinriburioi of tc RcsDEndmrs by ..whcihcr fac. f&cs I t6 

HorEhold |}isiC,, 

54. DGrrtblri,)d of ln. ResDondenrs by N.iu. of Hous.hotd ll?

sr. No. Contenk Prg. No. 

55, Disriburid of rhc R6londors by Role of Hshord uder I 18 

Hous.hold crisis f.ced by Wif€ 

56. Dislriburio. of lh. RdponddB by Caw of Hd*noB ll9 

5?. Di*ib{don of lhe Repond.nt by Cdsqude of 120 

Ho@hold cnsis 

53. Disibulior ol th. R6pdd.nt by "wndEr f&c{V l@€s r2\ 

59, Dbrriburior ofth. R.spordmrs t! Oppls.d b.v \vhon 122 

60, Dbrriblrion oftn. R.sFod\rts by Ty'rE ofviol@ 122 

6l. DisLibutior ofthc Rcspod.nrs bt Elendi of B€ling l2t 

62. Dislribulion ofth. R*pod.nts by NatuE oaBetins r23 

6J. DisEibution of the R6ponddr5 by N UE of M.rt l r24 

64. Dislibutior ofthc R6poid6ts by D.Ereeofviolen& r25 

65. Dislribltaon ordE ResDondcnts by Caue of viol@. 126 

66. Distiburior of lhc Respondcnts by Consequcn@ of V iolenF I 27 

6?. Di*ibltionofthc RdloDda|l by Wfied.rHustdd F@d 128 

Violene in Cbildhood" 

68. Disib{tion ofdE R6!ondo& by HEb6nd Clppcts.d bt 129 

\thon in Childhood 

69. Di*iborion ofdE R6pond.nls by Typ. of Violane !&ed 130 

by Eusb.nd ir Chikhod 

70. Disllibutid. ofrh. Reaor'&dt by Wtclh* Moth.Fin-riw l3l 

f&ed &es Violcnce" 

7l. Dis|ibulion ofrh. Rcsporld.nb by Wnerh.rod.rviv6of 132 

Inlawt Fmily flcc

sr. No. cootert P!8. No, 

73. Disr.iburior of tlE R6Dor

LIST Of CONTINGENCY TABLES 

Sr. No. Cortent P.g. No' 

l, C@t!8dcy Tabl. ShNins thc R.ladonship t twd 145 

Ed*hold crisis in Busla&sh S@i.iy ud rd or 

Ed@lion.f MMi.dWoma 

2. Contilgocy T.blc Showirg ln. R€lalionstip b.rlq 146 

Houehold Crisi3 in Bmsladesh S@i.ry dd Llvcl ol 

Edu€tio ofHBb.rd 

1, CortiDlcnoy Table Shorins lhc Reratorship b.tq€. r41 

HN*hdd Crisis ir BdSk&sh Sociery ed Ndt r of 

Fdily Mlrrbca 

4. cmlirSfty T.bL shorins lhc Relalioslip b.t*en r48 

Housclold Crisir ir BdSlldcsh S@iet ed Total MoDthly 

Ibom. orlt rmiv 

5. ConlirS.ncy Tablc Sho{iDg rh. Relationship b.twcn 149 

viol.re rgai6t MMicd Women in B{ghd.sh S€i.ty ed 

Ase of Madad wmd 

6. Cdri.Scicy Trbb snowins $c Relationsnip b.twcn 150 

VioLne qainsl Mni.d wm.n in Bm8la

LIST OF FIGIIRES 

Sr.No. Cont !t! Page No. 

L BsDiasm:DtEibnli@of$.Rspord.nlsbvA&Goup 6l 

2, Pi. ClBn: Distribulion of6. R.sponlnrs by Maid Sbnrs 64 

L Be Dirrrdn: Dlsnibulion oflh€ Respondcnts bv Edudtion 65 

4. Pi. Chdt Di5libltid oflh. R*pondoB by O.oprtion 66 

5, Bd diogtm: DisLibunon of rh. RcspondcnE by Rdbic 67 

6, Pic cnaf Discibutio of th. R.sponddb by HoM 68 

?, Be Diosm: Disxibution oflh. RespondcnB bY Edu@lion of 69 

8. Pic Ch..t Distrihtion of rh. Respondors by occuprion oa 7l 

Hwband al 1l e Tine of Mrdiase 

9. ?i. ClErr Dislibution of Ihe Rcstondents by P|€sl 73 

O.opatioD of HBb6nd 

r0 Bft Diacxan; Disdbudon of lh. Rcspondctb bt Type of 14 

I l. Pi. Chst Dimibution oflh. Rcstoddob by Ho$hold Had 15 

12. Pic Cha lri$ibulion of ihe R6po.d.nis by NDmbs of 16 

Fmily Mcmbcr 

13. Pi. chan: Dindburid of rh. Rspordcnls by Nubq oa n 

14. Pic Ctan: Dinribution of rhc Respodcnb by Nunbq of 78 

E$ing Fdily Mdbf 

15. Bd Diacnmr: Disfibulion ot tbe Rcspondenls by Tolal '19 

Monthly rn@m. or rh. Fsily 

16. Pac Chd: Ditribltion ofth. R.s?oD&nt, by Tr?. ofH@ 80 

17. Bar Dilgan: Distriburion of tno ResponderLs by "Wn.tnd 8l 

Elerrichy Asilable b rh. HoN" 

t3. D& Diag@: Disrribdio. of rne lcspondars by wl.lls 3] 

lrllin. Avoilable in ih. Hoe"

Sr.No Contents Prg. No. 

19. Pi. ctan: Disr.iburio0 ofrh. R4p.nldts by Tttc oil;n. 8a 

20. Be Diac'er Dbiribulion of the RespondcnLs by 'Mr.lhci 35 

so@ of Drinhiq waLr ]{uil.bL i. thc Hoe" 

2r- Pi. cnan : Dbiibri@ oa tn R6poldos by TrF of 86 

22. Pic Chd: Din ibunor oa ihc Respondcnts by Numbd of 3? 

Muiagp oI H6b.nd 

21. Pi. Chort Distibution of lh. Ircsponddls by Nmb.r of 88 

Mmilg. ol Vife 

24. Br Dirgu:: Dlstibutio of Ih. RdFid.nlt by "wlrdh.r 89 

tusbdd bid h.s 0oth.r vifC' 

25. Be Diagtu: Dinriburion oflh.Ibsrondcnis by "Meltcr tn. 90 

nei.g. comm.r@d vin Edrlratid" 

26. Pi. chan: Dist ibdi@ of !n R6ldd.nts by'.*ly th. 9l 

Miag. @nfrcnc€d vnnou cSist*io" 

27. Bd Dhg!&n: Disfiburion oi the R.spondcnls by Ase lt 92 

23. Bd Diagtur Disfibdion of d. Rdpondats by Atc 9l 

DifeFM b.tween Elsband dd \viIe 

29, Pie Chan: Dinribulion of ft. R6Dondcnls by'An.r hor 94 

My )€d of mMiasc fi6r child 6 bom 

30. Btu Diasm: Distribulion of$. ResDon

sr.No, cont€nts P!8. No, 

15. Pic chrn: Disltibuli@ ofrfi. Rcspondoa b, R.!dy cash of l0l 

Dowy Exp.ided by wlom 

36. Be Di.!@: Diirib id ol lhe R.spo'xtd ! by salor oa 102 

Rsdy Csh Eixp.ndituE 

3?- Pic Chan| Distlibution ofthc RdpoDdcnb bt Sou@ ol l,an 104 

13. Pic Chrn: Dislribution of dE Rcaponddrr by wlElh.r lot 

19. 

D.My d.mdrded rftd lhc M6iaep 

lie Chd: Dislribulion oftlE Respo.d.nts by Wndhs Any 

cl6h whh rtusb.nd F8adint Dosry 

106 

40. Bd Di!8m: Disrtibunon of th. R.spotulenls by T}?. of 107 

41. 

Rdlarionship vilh Husbdrd 

Pie Chin: Disoibulio. of lhr R6pond.nls by Period of 

rntin.L Tllldn8 sirh Hub.Dd 

108 

42. Pie Chan: Disrribulion of the R.spond.nk by Di$usrion 109 

Mancr ollntimatc Tllkirs 

41. Be DialEm: Dbtdbulio of d. ResDondenls by "wh.lh.r I I0 

,r4. 

wdt 80 outsidc wilh Husband" 

Ba DhgFh: Disdbdio of de RdFndents by D.crc of I I I 

coins Outside with Husbcnd on Vnii 

45, Pi. Ch.n: Disriburion of rh. RcaDondenls by Typc of ll2 

ReldioNhip wilh Inlas 

46. Pi. ChM: Dknbution of the R6pordentt by Tr?c of ll3 

Relationship wilh Childr.n 

47. Ba Di4rm: Dnribulion of the Respond€nls by Rol. in 114 

D€isioD Maling PtGs ollh. Fdily 

48. ?i. Chan: Didribulion of the Rcaponddr by "whcrher ll5 

.tllmpLd .vs 10 Sdcid." 

49. Pie Chd: Dinribution of thc Rcspond.n6 by "Wndh.r f!c.d/ I I 6 

fa6 Household Cisis' 

50. Bd Dasrur Di$ibulion ol lhc Rcsponderc by Rolc of lI3 

Husband ! r lh. Ciisis fr@d by wife

SrJ{o. Corl. r Ptge No' 

5t . Pic chrn: Di nribdid of $c R6londol5 by "wldn€r a.cd/ r2r 

52. Pb C|Drt Okribunotr of th. R*podcn$ bv Dcer.. of 125 

53, Bd Diagdm; Dislrihrftion of th. RespondcoB bv "\Mt lh.i 123 

Husbdd f.ed Viok.@ h Childhood' 

54. Pi. Chlrt Dilrdhni@ ol lnc R6pon&nls bv Hub.d 129 

oppres.n by Whon in Childhoql 

55. Pie cna& Dislribrim of the R€slondcms bv "$'h.iher l3l 

Molherin-rlv f.c.

8!, o. 

a. 

63. 

tt. 

Colrtt 

!t Cld: Di&lhdor of&. Rspon&nb by n!|! Olilio 

.tqt b S.rdir . "Bd lde od V(|.e h 6. 

Odfltt oaViold.C 

P'!. Ctlt Dhftdi.! oab r.4d|.nb !t Itr OPitid 

.Do!i iL sb.d. andd t,| rh. P&h ro Dd l{. vi&r 

B* D|ttm: Dirtthdd of dF R.ead.d ly Tbir 

Olhlo .lcdt $l-d.'llcdcut edYbk 

.8lb ironE ii!d.Iiqr SoCdbdo ofcult6' 

ugToa APs 

8r.l{o. Cdt ra 

r. MpdE-ald.d 

1 ri.ttP ofst{td Dttl4t 

3. Mrpoff,r[&j UFdb 

h!Nc 

139 

l/O 

h$ro. 

t6 

a8 

a9

CIIAPTER-1 

INTRODUCTION

I.I INTRODUCTION 

clBnrly nousnold m(d ! siDgi. p.Mn d a 3op ofp€opL who h!rc ItF adnB a 

fi.t only or fi.i. didcne and oho .itltd sie o.. f,eal a day d she living 

.@modalion (Jary a .t!ry, 2000:27t). In lhc fi.ld of sociolosy it is used 6 de 

syMlrr of imily al$ which is @id.rEd s th sm.llcs sial in$indm 6mL[ed 

snd leililnt d by sicty. Mdirs. it.le aothd s.lLsr sill indjtuli@ whi.h is 

prercquisite of fdily, It is instuental io lhe begitning of thc assooiadon bdwen 

p.ople ofopposiL s tmugn wnicn lhcy lry io csrc ! nw eNitite Dn calcd fdilv 

or in odcr mrd hou.$old, Ap!6slty fdily hlca c@ of fiMciol od 4otiotal 

DBblms of ns menbers, rcorins childM md povidB nlbiliiy dd mental scurily for 

.d b. Buloontlry10lhc vi.woltn fdily 6 a hoav€n oflovc dd suppo( d.land 

eund l[. wdld $secst rhar sirls ald *@d @ .t . g@icr risk of viol@e in tneir 

hon6lhd dywherc el* which n.y initia& lh. quc on "!hy il @B in suoh a 

N!y?' Illc alwer ollhe qucslion is v.ry n*ssgry 10 rcvdl a tioleDe €liBl womer, 

in one had, my Ncu ud€. dy ho@bdd crisis (such 6 @nodic iBlvcncy, 

.xcomdicaled i. si.ty .tc,), on tnc olhcr may als cElte nouehold cli3is (s!ch 6 

div@e,scpmlioD,slicidc, nudcrctc,). 

r.2 STATEMENI OF THE PROBLEM 

Violen€.gEirst qo6cn, the host p.rsuaiv. hudd iights violaliot, is a gFdl con@D 

for rb. pEsr .ibe. (td the pan fes dead6 it 16 .meqed a ! SEvc witl tFbld 

Tnc prcbLn is ho*4d n.irher alkJgcrhd .s, nor srrrcdy r.8ioMl. Rtrhd i nd 

enrg.d s a global oroblom rcg&dl.$ of uy distinclion s 10 s€osFphy, .ult!re or 

wqhn. Violcne aeiriDl Nom{ n of eios typcs ir difi@nt clltuEs and soci.ti6. 

Thc cMon tlFs of thd imludc domeeic viol.ne (heiti.g, oBU vdb.l .bGc 

nciral tonuEi i@st er,), srul ha6smen! eid lhowing rap., lidratping dtd 

abductioa tutfickins od iopofiadon lor imodl pulposs forc.d prcslitulion Md 

murrlcr (followiDg Ere or faDny quml) (B.gu. 2005: 5a). Dut sine rhc @ncd of 

fi. DFent study b liolcne agninst ndi.d *odcn virhin housohold pcniscs, hene 

th. laLr di$usion will be limiled 10 only dodeslio violcne. 

It ir sid $.t $. nid*1nutd of violdce tsainst wond @c!6 ar honc hdists in 

every si.ty, msint: fron low incone outrics to the hishly developcd ons 

.AFrrd thc wdld d lcalt on wo'M ir.v€ry lhE h!5 ben bBb4 crcen into s!

or othdis rb6cd in hd tif.tinc. Mos often thc .blM a rcmbs of h.r os 

fmiy GoDulation ReForrs, l99q), R.gioml sludics llso 6nfim th€ lelel of violen€. 

Ac@Kling b . nudx 23% ol sm.n in USA apcric!6 physial .!r i! thcit hm€s 

{Str$ dd ColLr l98ij). fuaii" t Mrionwidc sltlcy ELlsed bv the Fmilv Viob@ 

Prcvcnrio. Fud in 1998 shos tnar moE t5m onc in lnree Ancricss witoessd d 

iDci&nr of d@61ic violcM. Anolh.r sludy or vidoe lgton wom.n shws oar M 

&ir

Tuming to $c dovcloping and und.r d*eloped countrics ft i5 fould tnal doncslic 

viole@ is 6mo, h Ko@ Seiety *i|h oboul 307. fairiucs cxFncnciq don6lic 

vioLne (D.e, 2dll). On.-lhid ofrh. *odd in Es/fl m h€Ln ti@ th.ir bdilgc 

(El 2e6iy er al., 1095). A nldy onduoled in lrs Nnh 336 nMied romcn shom thdl 

pEval.M of wif. abM Ih.rc is 16.3% (MNvi ed E!hi8i.a 2005: 860)- Anolhd 

sludy condwted wirh 6Jo wohq shows 3El" ol $.6 e vidins of phvsical viohn€ 

qbc@ 30vo e tqr@ntt insuiled dd 24% e sometimes lhE.l.ned bt thcn 

hub.eis (zdd 20fi:r3l} ln dFl TMia d l@s 25% of (he w.v.d wdcn c 

bea€n by thcir husbmds (6oM6lez-Bm.s, 2001). AccordinB to . swcv conductcd iD 

siem Lee two$irds of lhc s@.tan wonen e b€€ren by dFn hubddJDaitcts 

od hrlf d forc.d to hav. qu,l inlcM@ .Sainsl l[cir will (CoLr ed Rjcht r, 

l99l). Alort&r stud:/ show 25% of fte sud.ycd wonon in Ucdda @ .bused 

pbrsicdly ((@nis.r ll., 2003). ln Sub.Sah.6 Atica, appoxjtltely 42% ot*a.n 

ha!. r.porled of beins bancEd reslrlely by e imrr. File (Sh.Gr, 1998: I D. 

Bul violde against *nd is sid !o b. d isc Frricubly clcv&lro. $u$ As'a 

Reviwine d.t on *inlbc0ting dd bait ring fom 14 sdi.lies mud ll)€ @nd md 

grouphs thd ifio rou lcv.lE 6om c$entially nonc to hiSI il is found thll soulh Asia 

falls h lh. high catesory. Nor only i! rcrtu of pbysical violo@ s.urh Atin ba b*: 

Epeat dly i&ntified ro havo the hislost 6€s of difi.Enl foms of violen€ 4ninst 

eooo (N!vcd,2003:l) Ir fac! lh. *od lMifcslatiod of 8cnda-b6.d violeD* e 

obedcd in Soorh Asi4 which is loou 10 tr lh. nost scnd.r sDtilivc Esioi it tle 

*orld(( ICEF, 2O0l ai. In rcglrd to violen@ aSainsr vomen, Itdia @upies $e ni$est 

pdition @Mg dcEhtin8 tuli6 (Munni, 2005: 40)- A sludt @ndwt.d i. 5 viuaS.s 

of Cujnt shows 42% of wmo e hden by ti.n hcbeds (Vis!, 1999). A 

popul.lion b€&d swey o violm.gcirs won.n or spDductive !8c witn (ai L$t 

@t clil4 l.s rls 13 

'c4 of as.) in dF Mit l hd. @nd*ted 604 1997 ro 1999 jn 

7 lndiln oitics ftveals thal 40olo of lhc woncn hdve dp.rienced al lssl ore fotu 

physic.l ab@, lnd mmg lhls vdq! rwly 50% n$ b€n Fpdtd d.y €r9sirrc.d 

violcic. duinS ften prcgnocy (ICRW 1999). A mrdy of 1000 woo.n in Prkica 

shom iha135% of lh( woda inrcri.v€d in nlal Pujdb, md t5% foo u'c 6ost 

dcvdop.d pqi-urbe siB havc admiu.d to b.itg beaLn by thei U!5!.4{h (sa@ .nd 

Kazi, 1999). In Sril{li, a study vith 5 I J Romcn ioRls thal 12% of d.d sDtrcr frm

pnricd vioh.@ olalvdd 2OOO). I! N€pd O!..thid (15%) of md.n cxFnm@ 

8.nder t€$d liol.re d nom Gaudd, 2007) 

Thc si[6iion ir B&slid.sh is oot so diffc@t Th. @utrt is a sl&itg .Mplc of 

g.!dd b&*d viol.@. A Epon by th. And D.vclolddl Bbk (2001) 8€ls |}d 

fron 196 !o 1999,lhc incidcnce of domcslic violen@ in B.nBladdh incretsed bv 

sr.7,6 {sulana, 2005: 178). Asai4 .@dhg 10 . Eport of BdSlad.sh Naloa.l 

womd L!wy.6' Asialioq the BL of viol* .sain$ NodcD is iIjmin8 bv ttic 

rat4 oa L5% (Thc Jti Jar Din, I Norcmbd, 2006) 14 . t@nl WHO nulti_ooully nud, 

b.ed or Itc ICDD& B-Ndipottlo $rrcy datt, il i5 EPotud th, moE lhd 5Uo ofdF 

*omo in Bdsl.d.sh aE subjecled to pntsical o! PMI liolcn@ bv i i4ac PaftcB 

(cdia-Morcno c- et ai, 2Oo5). Tnc [felime prcvalctca of pdd violcDce (eilhcr 

physic.l or s!el) hes bet ohentd lo b. 51,4% in lh. ulbo .td 6l-tl. in tbe lWI 

lr€s of Beslad.sh, TIE m.Snitdc of lifetin Pt vale.ce of PhFi€l viol'n@ aron' 

.gninsr wono hs b..n c61iroLd to bc 39 ?% in tlc uban od 4l 7v' in do ru61 @s 

A qulindvc esNh !d a popubti@ tEs.d s|rev otr l,ll0 wobeo of rcflodwliv. 

os. (15-49 y.dt ir urbs md Ml @s oa Bslltdsh coDducldd b.tw.an runc dd 

Nordb.i 2001 sdws th!1 60,6 of womet t v. EDoned 4er beinc phvsi@llv or 

su.lly abGcd duins thcn iv6 dd lncn hcb.Id! @ lhc nosr c{r@d !.rPcFaro. i! 

lhosc @s iICDD&B, 2006:l) Anong cv.tsndi.d wome4 40% offiosq in $e udan 

c md 427. in the tuEl @ harc bm Ep.,t d PnFicar violcnc bt lh.ir hBbDd' 

rd 37,4 of ltE uban dd to9'o of rhc runl *om.n Epoftn sud vioLne bv lh.ir 

husb&d (lCDDR,a, ?00613). In a suray @nducicd it lhe capil.l oirv of Dhaka' 60% ol 

rh. 835 mdmly slq,rcd *mo in&ricwed h.ve Epon ! liictinc cxpdieM or 

Dhysjcal violcnce at th. h4dr or 6.n hub&{Lt. R.spod.rns nare ale @pon.d 137. 

s.xudl abusc dd 67% rc6!l !6e by then hust@ds (Azin, 2001, ciled in Ndipokl(no- 

M.hiL Psi.!.d BeliE Sw€y: l2), tuorhd nud lboul thc pev'l.@ of violene 

moDgst *onomiany dnadvstaged sDd in tu l Bdeladdn shows rhar 4?7. of th' 

women e bsEn by hcn husbedr i, th.ir hfain€ (schulci et aI 1996,). A ditT.rcht 

sody shows rlE Bre lo b. 32% i @lh6 ru61 @ of Bmgl.d6h (st4l. cr al 2001) 

A ildy includ.d women trom all $i@comdic ahla Evdk lh.t 42% ofde violone 

is o.a.tdcd bt thc hBbad or lhc in_laws (Kocms ct .l' 2003). A@rditc !o 

Beghd.-sh DcnogElhic and Hdllh Su.rcv 2(Xt o@ly 'net'alf of cg-Mi'd 

{omen 449%) hale ever ciDsienc.d looe fon ofPn}sidl viol'n@ bv th" nusbtnds

in then cu@r d bosi r*nt Miag.. Eighkcn Fcnl haE @pon d cEr h.vDg b.cn 

physically foed b tutrr sx by lheir husbods wh.n thev did nol wlnt to Morc the 

hnrof all cveFndicd wond (s3 %) hav. expsieMd one forn of Dh,siol dd/or 

exral viold.., whilc M hnv€ cxDcricnc.d botl rtlcs of viol@ @DHS' 2009:201) 

Siturnor is s woBe that.v.n pEs@t wond als ie donestic violcn@ A srudv 

@ndDctcn by Bhuila ct ,l shos 50.8% of the qomen !re baitcr.d bv then hBbeds, 

2,1% by oiha fanily !GEbe's, dd a sm.ll prponio, O-2'l") bv boih lhcir h6bod! 

$d odla Enily nmlm. Hirins t6 n6dy d@. si$ rie @ of hdd (85-4%)' 

fouoed by stick (63,tr4), dd lticking (51v") alon ot in combimtion, Thd dvile 

Fvals lhat 20% ol somcn @ physielly abused bv lhei hBbdds duinc pEcMn v 

ard 2.6% by .ihd &nit muts 6 su (Bluita d.l, 2OO3) & ii @liooabl. th, 

onc. such tnc of violde €N d!. to p€ny n.n.B A stldv cdicd out bv rh. 

Bdrsladcsh Rual AdvMccment Comhilt€c (BMC) it Jamalpur sbNs lhal, nosr 

wmd who @ b€alet, dp€ie@ b..tinst €v.ry wek dd such bdtings nav bc 

ElnEd 10 do*ry, to tlrc D.rcav€d ftilrc of a *me, panicrradv a wii.' to tu1611 h.r 

hoehold duties, d ro lF .pFplrly hMbl. od ob.dionli or rh.y may $ne 5 d outld 

fot nllc frusl'ElioD, Wonen d€ also b.lten d o punishnent lor f.iling to do e 

hu5!dd!' bi{rdi.g. Alcrda ed shmit (1935:12) cite rh. N oa Rousnd ln in 

R..grDr who es b.at n ro dqrh for &iling ro sliLh two bno$ o o nq nus!.nd'3 

shidr Gaden r (1991) dcscribes ofwomo in sylhel bcine b.atcn fot infBotiN s@h s 

lhe eMins mar nol bring ready o4limc, or tdling il whilst @kin& Htttnm ud 

Boy!. (1983:89) ci@ rhc ce of. Mnu vh@ hus6dd b.ar tE bc:@ r[. cnict s 

srole . Ia gmis of ricc, in a villarc in R.jshahi Divisio4 Nonh-West D88lad.5h. 

R@nrly d pFerst $on'M in Llhlgda upeila of Naoil Disttict of Bdsladesh {es 

bster od iDjuld by bLd. br hb hutbotd for goi.g on a jouhcy by boar wilh hcr 

sisleR witnor lh€ lcdision ofh.r hBb€d Gn PtodonAro,18 Aug!$ 2009) 

RBlily is rhot a .err..ii lcvel of h€tiig is lols!1ed ad t@cled 6 one of th€ s.nd.r 

dincNior or lh€ sial ddd id Bxsb{ksb brt sv@ brunlity mrv als F@ot 

@nmunity outragc. Uiurh4. dd Boyc. (1981:73_9) nole a ca of dary v'lrdgc6 

gin8 !p and ssaulling u mm vho h.d b.d€n his wifc loo brdally. While 0992:lt7) 

bdrios tnalin F idpu di*id orBuglcdesb a r/.rd (a clrlmunig h@iDd la8l|l

Tholgh doncslic violcncc irclnd.s child abus, sibling !bE, tMt abuso, in"law 

ab!* tut avlillble inli,mriid indialcs d'at wit lbe is de Fosr siols tvp. of 

donstic violctce @wqt it Beslndah cocf (Obwr Mrg&in., Julv 14, 2000) 

A eenl (ND? suNev FEals eDe r.6ore FspoNiblc for lh. violation of wife bv 

tn ir nEbd& i. Beshdc*. ft includ$ pdieh.l ftoit svsl.m, mditioml si6 

cuhunl rir.r .nd tu-ls c wlt s subdrtimrc l4d ol KDd in foit sicrr .!d 

$at!. It also st r.s thBt for lhe nMicd wonen fanily is , comnon Pla@ 

of viol.ne. 

Thc evid@@ of tnis sl.ltmcnt is clw s abou161 5% ntle ol lhe countv opincs nul 

viote@ lg.iEr wd€n i5 . l.d righl ofllcm. Nol only d,r .ras' 

of the ounlry 60plq *oNn aF be{en, 207q moet d s!,nv asNllcd &d 6?% c 

vc6rr9 abccd by dr[ husbsdr Crhe ,ai Joi Dtr 3 Novenber, 2006) Bul in 

Bssbd.sh doh.eic aiol@ e tcFr hscly hid&n od vidclv d.nicd bv lhc sierv 

due b $c fcd ofo dult oo tne int srity ofde f,nilv (Shdi6, 1995:45), Popul.rid 

ba*d co$-slioml tneqv dab of ICOD& B_ Neipokno shows thal mod oflh. 

wmeD (667r lcp silcne.tod l[ei.xFri.e ofd@.3ic viol@ ( citcd il\ Naven 

c1aj.2006). Asrir, B4dlat er al. (2007) *timtes tut 99% wond nd€. EPon vo|dr 

acls asainst $eh. The tmin rcMns b.nind dr! sil.too @ dic lcd oft rnishing f@ilv 

homu, stisE or Einitrg lhc vms s M rpubliorl se{ing lhc childdn! f!tuc' 

f.d of Ep.rBi@ tom $e hlsbd4 noD€lN.$, 4p6ltion rh't rnines would 

chdee, rhr.6t of mu:!e r, and belief thdl violdce vd the huband's preFgatilc H.ne, 

it is e $at the bat!:dns ol womd wilhin th. hou$hold ir rcponel b tlE poli@- 

H@.., a.& in Ragpu di*icl oay be ciLd hcE $'b€E a jldse hs bctr lined 

5,000 rk. for vire-b€ling {Reur$ Ncwsvire, 11.3.1993), 

Actally tiola@ h mmcD's lifc is not a @e rinc oac, n @nrhE th$!8ho!l tle 

life. Fom bhh to detlh (.vn b.loF fiom h€r binh wnen slE i5 in rh. wonb of hd 

nod€r) a mM is . urs.t of violo€ tibply b.6@ shc is woms (4i. 2004:3) 

Won n in assbdgh lirc ltFucDout tt|€n [fc un&. a pafiehal, patilicd ad 

Dalril@l sial systcri, which.nsuE thd tnc mal. in d€ houschold ll elpv the 

posilim of lulhority .!d desnt and lhe pl@ of EsidcM will be detemincd bv rhc 

marc lir.. S*h a stsllm lpholdt a tisid g.rdcr ditision of labou dd a subotdinaL 

posnion of rcm€n in thq howhold, The Nal mdilcslalions of women subddimrion 

in soh i pald@hol s@icly may b€ id.nlil€d in cdv mditg.!, polvsmv' onilaBnl 

dir!r.6, slusiorl dos.t and viotcM lSnst wmcn Wmd in Beglnddh e thu

subodimted viihin d irl€Nly hicrdchical syslem of gends eradoDs Nhich 

@dandy.ttcDpls lo d6y vonen nol o y a@s to si.l po*s &d @ tol ovq$.n 

wn liws bur .Lo stulcd rishts 10 shich lh.y e dlilLd (rsbn, 1933: loD Acnallv 

t[e mLrial bsis of Datia6hy is n nt @ rol of pop.ny, itcm. md *@o\ labou 

which sisrs 10 malc woncn @wdlo$ And sDbordimlo (C.in, Xlolm od Nahar, 

l9?9:4061. Actuouv E subodinatc slatE ofwonen ha made lhen de appropdate 

vicliN of @il!l violcM {D.b&sh dd Dob6l! 197?) tald (1933) als a]Ercs t]d 

dod6lic violm h Aedades! 6lcxl is lb€ out@c ol godcFine{uirv. Cdlin 

Irets oI Bdgla&shi siety, sch s ffiictions d son.n's notDdr oulsid. thct 

hon6, unequl eccs to ed@ation, od €slrioted mploymont oppononiri.s, limn 

*ono's ability !o *cEise tlen iuhd dghLs ed tBkc them moE vulndablc 10 

domestic violdcc (Blnrclt bd Msdcson, 2003). Wono\ o*n slbmisivenos are 

@nrribur.s 10 do!*ric YiokM- 

Il is foud dEl m6r df thc howhdd $is in Beglid.sh s@iety dc rclcvul lo 

ndiase lmusins on de spsinc ed ot dowy, drly meirg€ ed dFl lcods lo 

donqnic violcM. A$in dom€slic viold@ enetimB le!& to dilde, sPadion, 

suicide or nuldq, |j ^ral Bdglrd$h oter p@nts *el lo Mr.y tnen {hugl'tc6 a 

.arly 6 posibl. beous they fal lh.t whcn girl Cms 

oldd snc bs hq Blw o. rh. 

neiase narlc! cnllilitrg a lorsd doul of dolry 1o b. p.id by ncr pedts. AccordinS 

lo s Epon of BMgldd(sh Natioml hstitute of Population tu*eh and Training 66% of 

qooo in Banghdcsh ir 10 b€ ndid bcfom @hin3 l8 y@E md the dt rcmltns 

uch&sed rd lhc l$r 20 )q6 (Thc Prdlm Alo, 14 Au8!n 2009). A@rd'n8 to 

Baslad.sh D.frorErtic ad Helth Sudey 2{x', lhc Bta is t* abon ?0%. h .l$ 

releall rhrt lh. n.diai ase al rui.s. for Nonen a8t G0-24 )s6) is 16.4 yed which 

is still oDe md u hala yws below fio losal dhinuD age ol hmiase (BDHS, 2009: 

2tr. It is elidcnt thtl n lege nqbd of poEsl people in lhc cowt y ffi nol conm.d 

abour $.lcsal asc olrMiasE Nhich is l8 for f.nde lrd 2l for male. Son oflh.n 

wno N aw of ir b.liew l|iar sid cshs e noc s@sd lh4 law. Tt* 

peapL ec eilher tur a@ oI the 6ad cfi.cr of dly ndhg., o. e bound lo afug. 

dre nd'ase of thcn dlDghl€r @ly duc lo dilfcEnt s@io.econoftic rceDs Bul 

wholder dt lcsn of rhe nmi,E , rhcit dausl'h sDifcr in lhen mdi€d lif. Duo !o 

(hcn @ly agc $c, ,€ nor phrsicdly d menblly Fdy ro sbddo lhck ndital

.sponsibihies, Thles *hy rhet hil 10 D|kc the righl miul adj6tncnt ahicn in danv 

@s l€d to violcne aE in$ lllcm- 

D6piG lh€ tcgd pwisio6 lgair$ siving ofdowry, ii is a codhonlv obsr.d PEie 

dds bolh ri. MELin od Hiodu comsirid iD B{glnt6h Actully lhis Facn@ 

hd cotoe ion HiDdu oltuE, It hs groM widrin Muslim communilies in ft@nt pst 

d6!it th. {acr ih.r iril lot prn of lh. MNlin twriage @lrlcl ne d,vs, il h6 

h€con tu ecoDomi. @npulsioo lo giw dorry lo lhc p.6p€.tirc 3@m othdis il 

's 

diilicun for p.@n!, td 8ct lhei daughtds nBricd. n is said thal the ehcrgd@ ed 

sp@d of dc F&tie 

of d@.y itr Beslnddn i5 s outcohc of sirl $d cuhdl 

roo|rion oftn. women't subodhate po3itid in bod pnvat dd public sD&es, wh.E 

*6.n's clpobililis aD not 'qsni4d. In E ! lh. std@ of dowrv is cloelv [nr.d b 

w@!n s dlc in !rcduclivc asiviti6. ln a sidv wnd }mo @ ESqded a { 

uDpbducti@ budcn, a do*ry is gircn to the brid.sr@nt !id. alnod ts a ir?c or 

omp.63don, But dL @mpcn5dion is aot alw.ys ! sc t'ne povm.nt mnta.ti 

sm.rin r ioE thd dE aSred @unt Ls de@d.d aftq th. nMi.8. If $a hrid.\ 

fMily refusedf.ik to pay more, lhc bride hd lo fa@ seveE physical sd ddnid $nurc 

inoludilg thc rh@l oa b.ing djt@n or sFirron. sooelihe the huSodt 6Dilv 

6ay pl'1 Gfictioru on h.! visiE to thc rd noDc, $bjel h€r !o @l dd ,hysical abu* 

$d c.use her cvenbal .*pubion Aom then how, Even exttene violcn€, such 6, eid_ 

thowirs ed hulds, allo hppa, drc to fiilw ofpayi4lh. rul mout of dowry. 

suicid. also Mu6 in $rch @s. 

U.&r such ciEM$aEs th. ple.r $d,t @nngd Ho8ebld Ct^it h Bdglad.th 

So.iett: A So.ioloSical Study of Vioke agaiat lfonen lB b.en 6del.d b .x91fi 

a MI pict@ of housqlold qis rcld€d lo v'old* t8{Bl women occuFuS m 

13 POSITION OT WOMEN IN BANCLADT,SH CONSTITITTION 

'n @Blitulid of Bdglad6h @nid6 tn. prcvision of 8dd.r.qu.litv, prchibino or 

scnder b6is of disin iDdlioD ed expsion dd oxteoson of oppornuitv of vomd in 

lll sD6.B of ciYic liic. A@ding ro dE @turnldo. of B.!sL(la!b . cnizff d 

cqul b€fo€ $c kw ed &. eitilled lo .qul poLction ofth. law (MicL 27); lhe s|dL

shall not di$riminte r[ainst ey citia on lhe grounds ofelisiot, ia@! ca$c, ex or 

pl@ of binh lAnicle 28(l)); l@.n h.v. .qud ndB wil[ M it tI sDbcas of |he 

Stllc od public life [Aniclc 28(2)]; noding shall pEv.nr $e Sbt frcn rsld.g sr.oial 

provision iD fayou oi qohen or for lhc advdcenenl of uy bekwrd slion of lhc 

poDolalioo [,{rticl€ 4 (a)] 0}e Cstildio. ofthc P@pl€k R.public ofBdgldah). 

The o$ritDtion tuftner advec6 ed ircdpo.tes lh. pitcipl€ of speial EpItqdion 

of rvond in l@l sellfoteming bodic! (Aitiole 9) dd pbvision of rcsedalion of 30 

sars fd won.n in dE pr.liMerr (Micle 65). &!ii, l4th Madne.t of lle 

conntudo iml€sllE Nnherof thc slt Esftd ad the won n ir @li.ft.i !o 45. 

(Sald, 2008:143). 'Ino conslitulio, also sb&s $at seps will bc kten 10 cnsuft 

pdiciparion of wonen in aU spne6 oi mdonal lif. (Article l0); tighl to Cldsc.n 

cnplolmcd ar a ltlsbh wagc h|jnS Essd lo thc qum.ity ed 'ruality of life 

tAniok lt (b)li ighls ro scial seouriiy ir cs ol udseocd wur adirg fom 

seodothdt illn6s or dislblenent, suif@d by widovs o! oahds or in old ag. or iD 

sch orh6 @s [Ani.l.l5 (dr; e.r. shdl aiop{ cffcriv. Dac io mow si.l 

dd @nohio inequaliry b.t"€d nu dd M &d to .iff cquiloble disLibutior of 

walth mong oiliz€n$ fAdicle lg(a)]i ... du citizcN shlu b€ paid fot his work on lhc 

basis of principL 'tqn en oaording b his aliliri6 b @h @.ding to his woti' 

lAnicL 20(lr. Thes righrs @ imludcd ir 'Fud.ncrral lircipLr of Slalc Policy'' 

which will Suide lhc lcgislaron wniL Datin8 l.ws. TheEforc, it is didcnl that 

o.slihrtion of Barcladsh is @Dnidcd ro pol€cled es@ |hc ri$E of wono ii 

ooy dDccls bd n i. lo $n drerl Eneicd in individlal ed *i.l life. 

1.4 PO$IION OT WOMEN IN BANGI,ADESH SOCIETY AIID ITS 

INI'I-UENCE ON YIOLf,NCE AGA]NST MARRIf,D WOMEN 

Io Bdglad.sh nanly tuLlf ofthe popularion is tuocr (70.5nillion) EBS, 2008). ft. 

oal€-feoalc ratio is l0j:100. wmcn of $e Eproduclive agc (15.19 yff) rcpE$nt 

46% ofdc tolol vmen poplrdion, A@rdi4 to ! UNIPA npon Bdslad6h ha tte 

hishen omber orran notheF in Soudr A3ia (ft. Daily Shr, Oclob€r 10,2003). 

Ac$rllr neiage is ccnbal in wonen\ lif€ in Bsglsdesh *iery. Ptents wish to 8.1 

d.n {buchr.d Bary 6 6ly 6 p6iblc, EM in hdy cjs lh.y tud dEn dalh&6 

to bk fom.l .du€lioD only lo s.r .d@ard erco6 

ror tlEit dawhtc6. odrdis tte 

ed!6lion ol wonen i! mla priority in Boglad.sh sicty. In 6 study by Khair h is

fouDd thol 32,3% Esp@dq|l hNc pEfcrld io .du@l€ eN 10 d.udL6 wn.l6 

58.1% blr. wLS.n b €dME ho$ $s xd dausn&R ifthcy d 8trotd. (K!.n, 1995: 

| 77). G€n.dly n is held rh.t if d.ul}cR m al sll *ill 6r b€ fd dE p.nris, but fq 

6.ir huslod5 .nd u'la$. nEEfod, doy Damls wto @ i. fmj.l ctilk give 

inpdl4oe on sons eiDalion r hcr thu dausr .6' a lh. tunF e4ins ndbq of the 

fmily, B6ide& scial nods eg&ding wona in the.ouq Plae muy linit lio6 in 

rh. v.y of f.mle studtuls sd rstrid tnm in nm@us wys nom $.Rins then 

Thc @nomic @.dniotr of lm@ in dF @uEy ir.l5o rw thd ru- cffilly 

@imic oL ir pl€sned for M iD Beghd*hi si.ty- WoDq e d9c.lcd ro play 

$.n rob G witc ed dNthq wn@ dlty is lo Fovi

viole@ agaiBr nMicn woncn in $e lm olpnysiql oha$iement by rln h6b&dt 

in Bagl.d.sh, .specia.lly in rual m6 (Badawi, 199t. 

It is said dal praiaFhal ard Datrilinsl ecial shcluc ol Bangladesh inilu.nes 10 trc 

dd dd soncn diffqendy iDside dE hme. wom.n i! then cnndhood @ viwcd 6 

eolh.as pop€fiy, nrcy e pGwd tud griddcd in plmb nonc whh a vicw to 

h&dcd orer then !o lhei. h6bmds. ThcrcloE, sons e given pEf€Nfiial treatnot in 

esD@t of faciliti.9 sl' s, ao.d dd clodins dd h 6per ofopportDiliei such .r 

.du€tion. F@ rhc eart childh@d $c wonen in Bocladesh re lauEh two vinucy 

pand@ dd sri6@ vli.h e vcry much thoudl of the idcal ofdd lor BcnSoli 

a@{ho.4 ft.y e ale t usttr ro @pt rt vioLrc lglir$ rnm in DMicd lilc 

dwugh sone oomno lcli.f! suh a!, husbdd hls a righl to b.st his wifc oi 0E pd 

b€lln by hFbdd gat 10 havm @ rhc hava ol wife is urhr dE fel of husbed cic. 

Aeain, leordins lo BaBlad*hi oulluE ed tradnion, espcciaU, in @l aB a ne 

who dors nol b.!r his fe is a v.ak p.6on (AsH, 1997:127). As sial cuslon of rhe 

6uty hb GDily rut&r a prid., notody in$iB rhe vmd 10 con od !o lrlc 

legal 3hcn.r !&er $e viDlencc in nwicd life. Elcn peds e Elucr.nr ro tale lh.ir 

d.ushLr t6ct honc uder .esive violcDt situatid, Rdn.r they advie b demre tho 

opp,ston to evc lhe nrMirS. d if to sre thc mdiage ir moe inponad lne lifc- 

Hene woDen ols re lDud lo lolenL viol.M aa.inst rhen in mMien life, 

ActDally sial lradition. oull@, eligids infi@n@. ev.rythins hav€ hadc wom.n in 

Bagbncsh wicly luln@blc 10 no. nEy m navd i.dcpenddt n$q thcy e 

alqys d.pend. upon 'n6, ln childh@d rh€y liv. sd* rhc 8u&did.hiD ofGrber, it 

dt yourh ude husband ed inlaws md i! old ase Ddcr son. Aooordina 10 Jcd 

Ellicts 1*ond oI BuSlad€sb N Fis.d s &F lcdr Dd l.m ro f@ 

indep.ndme 6 w.ll tlEy hisnt. Th. only El'iv.ly irdep.ndlm woncn is lhe niddlc 

aged or .ldely dop, divor€d or abedoned wonen lilhout adult naL s@s 1o 

$PFn rhm" (Euicksn, I975: l). 

T[e lbotc 'lis6io, dpos rhar tlc.xFrieM oi vbL@ .saiGl wono b6 h.4 

nldc lhbush Mo tu@e p3lridhy {d whl incqu.lity. Pafiirchy n adivc in 

rmily strEr@ dd sooial ine4uality is etive witlin capitllist slrucruc. Bcsidcs, 

patidhy nar6 oo @eioB of tjr hid sa!$ in thc fmily, ACaiA sirl i.cqu.lity

a @& *m ftr8in rizcd in Bdsla&sh $i.ry. sussirc pacr8dd of dE t*o 

st@[|Es hcntione!.b{'ve is maldns wond dmdtidled, qticn i! r.kd a. s}mb.l 

of pr61ig!. furn\ qul divisim or l!!.u ri6i! pati.eh.l r.hilial tutE Mk s 

vomen subordirat lo bd dd in sd.rd divisior of labolr eilhir €ipiblislio rrrctuE 

n.r6 wftn hlou cl*ip duc to *i.l in qldity. Subodiraton of divi.i@ of |tbou 

udd !6ciehd sttu.ruc again Ebt d s n . FlgiN clo.nt ol iDh.riLr@, M6liD 

sma do rcr irtdil topcrty cqu.lly a m@ althord dey do inldit ton l|rcn lsMB 

(lh. mab sn U nave lhc cqual of the portion of two fmdq SM An Nisha 4r I l) ed 

hub€ad5 ir a cert i! pilponio. ftn itr!.n|i@ stsc4 h de ndd dinini$$ thc 

sLt!s ofwomd wilhin patriahyt o thc orh.r h.r4 n n.k s si.l in qulity vig(fu 

.!d degFd6 lhe s@ ot dipity ofwoD.r lhd r.n. Ir slch a way p.Lidny, divisioD 

of hbou, {lue eldcd vin Elisioq lrldnio .lc pb, r Dlc b.hind th. m.4Dd 

positid ofsomen in tlMeladcsh uiety. 

1,5 LEGAI MEAST'R.ES FOR ELEMINATION OF \IOLENCE 

AGAINST WOMEN IN BANGI,ADESf, 

Skesile gov€mob of Begla

wmcn ed CbildrE. Af&iri lt5:36). Thc RcpFi@ a8rirsl W@ea ad Cniunn 

(SD€ial lFvisid) Aor, 1995 D@rib6 n@ evd pdnhnent ao @'ng d.dn or 

sri€vou hun to dy olild or lmo by nN of poienou or @ruirc $bsr,ft€s, 

Epe t8frcliins ofvonE lrd.hildrcn, kid,.ppins or alduction ofwomen dd @ing 

dealh or sriqos hun lbr do*ry. Wohd dd Childta RepEsion PEvedion Acl 2000 

piesoib€s peuiary conp.nerion to thc victims ud proridq lhc puision for cn@ 

lrjal and eFpublicalio of thc victink identity !s *ell 6 detu.t pbisbnd for 

dowry od dowry EllEd offcnccs, Wond and Ch dm RepEsion lr*otion 

(Aoothd0 Acr,2001] raiscs tnc as. ofohild fion 14 lo 16 y€d in irs deu.iiion rnd 

piesoib.s puishn. reith inplibnmd of nvc to re, teds undff rhe @ vhe 

wonen @nnit suicidd lbr f@ of losiry oh4tity duc io de Ni[ft] et of a pesn. Acid 

crinc PEvotion Act, 2002 povid.s d.od pcdlty oi life intrisonnen dd a MinM 

fre of TL I Lc in tle ce of thc dsth of &id rictim. (Anc.a 2005: 59-62). But in 

spite of sfidcs of lhc Sovmonl in dodinS ed pmmubalin8 sDch ats tud 

ddi@6 b ef%urd rhc l.ga! rbhl5 of woms, glps l€min, including o. the issue of 

idinr& Dorrrcr violde (ICRW, 2009: 2). Actu.Uy tlE las disussed abow m for 

delina si$ violde lgnin5r somc. in B.rcnl. bur lhc G m speifc lav D,muurr.d 

ro ddl wior viol€M lgaict muid sn.n in fMily pEnier B6id.E thc disrinB 

raws brrc He be! fully inpl@6t.d dd hqe hlve d ben a ere.rik a dE 

@dd b. in E

poiit of vicw.Iturc is a $eiq of sciologisl rcstuh in thn fi.ld llEl,s fiy thc 

ptenr iopic ha b6n sl€.tcd f6 te nudy- 

I.? FOCUS OT TIIE STUDY 

The p€ent study Dlioly foclr.s on two diJlirct bur inLftlar.d t m i3 ho!$hold 

.risis and viol@.lainll moi.d {omen. TnG investiSi.tiot of lhc pEsent study is 

linilcd io oDlrsis ofdill@nl liftls of hou$hold cri$E fmroF or houeh.ld dtis dd 

violdc dgaitrl nffiicd womcn, ill conscquens &d litdins out enc me4lcs out 

hd ro oitigale hdsh.ld crisir dd how ro birinizc violoe agrirot nEicd wmq 

I.8 OBJECTII'ES OI TTIE STUDY 

Evcry rearcn wo* h6 somc objecti$, wilhoul sp.cific obj.otivs no Esedh 6 bc 

@ied out Th. obj@dv6 of ln. pc$nt stdy @ a follosr 

1. To analyse dilrotEnl klnds of household cises prevailing in Bangladesh 

2. To examin€ sociG6conomic 6nd demographic lactors €sponslble ror 

hou*hold qisis ad liolencs against mad€d wonen in Bangladesh 

3. To study ihe @nsequenes of household eti5 and viotence against 

mani6d women in Aangladesh 3ociely. 

4. To suggesl neasu€s !o mitigaie holsehold disis and lo minimi4 violene 

against manjed w!.n€n in Banglad6h 6odety. 

I.9 IIYPOTEESES 

1. \Mlh incr.a€e in maried rcmen5 educalon housohold crisis in 

Bangladesh sdiety decEases subdarntaly. 

2, \Mlh incEase n husband's edueiion housshold crisis in ga.gladesh 

sdr€V decreas la€61y. 

3. Wth decrease in the numb€r of family member household cdsis in 

Bangladesh societydoc.eas€s largely. 

4. mh de@as in monthly income of the family household cdsis in 

Bang ladesh socie9 Increass s! bslantra lly. 

l5

5. Wlh inc.ease in age ol manied women violen@ against tem in 

Bang lad esh sock{y decreases co nsideEbly. 

6. Wih increase in husband s edu.ation violence against manied women in 

Bangladesh sodely decJ€as€s considoEbly. 

7 Wth hcrca* ii ag. at mania$ ol rcm6n violencs against lhem in 

aangladesh *lety decE.ses sub6tantarly. 

a. wit| inoease ir age difierence b€tween woms and their husband 

viole@ against manied wemen in Bangladesh socieg in t€as€s 

I.IOVARJABLES 

In gonerd usge vdiablc is any qlstity thlt v&ics lnd€.d, Sociologic.l veiabl* s 

notuUy sid constructs (..g, s@i.l ch$, cthtic'ty, cnn6ood) rathcr tho Dhvsic.l 

c[@led$i6 Hosele.lhcy 4 @6ldcl€d in such a way th* tnev @ bc m.aud 

lrd usld in nmsicil $al'5i5" (Abc@nbic, Hill dd Tmg,2000: r?3) Empiri€l 

cl4h on . &rc th. fom of wi$l. elysit ir. itveristtine (hc rcldiffihip 

bct*€n difddr ydjlbks, such q rrowrt od violcne .gEinst rcn n. whc! lhis en 

of .si3lion is Ed! tr)tvq l*! vriallcs, th. @ b t med 6 ind.Fndal vaiabL 

ard ih. otlt{ d.Frdcnr wiabl., Follo*hg @ ln. veiabl6 oflbe peil sildv 

Irdepedent V.rirbls 

Lcvcl of edudtion or medcd vomcn 

lrvel ofeduElion of h6bul 

Nmb.r of fdily n€hbc. 

Tobl monthly ilde of thc frmaly 

Ag! { ndiag. of*r)|@ 

Asc ditT€l€r betws Emq ad hBbod 

DependeDt Va.iabls 

Ho0schold cisis in Bmgladdh sialy 

violooe acdBl ffided wonetr in BMgladesh wi€ty

I.II DEI'INIIION OF TEE KEY CONCEPTS 

Ho[..hold Crisit: tn th. p|€st sdy nouFlold oitir is 66,n fd dit&dl 9!c of 

pbblcG 6.cd by ndicd *6.n ir rh. f!trily D|@is @laLd wit {iol@ .gliNt 

{m .ilh.r a E ior or s on$qlEG srcn s, @nonio 6isis, djuladt disis, 

h@I|ll olir euity qisis elc. 

YioleNe rylinst Women: Tle wod rioLn@ EfeB !o "ex.nion olphFiql fo@ 

so a !o hj@ or abuse molncr vhil€ ll)c plv.s. violcn@ qgainst eohen dfm 10 moy 

rypcs of hdtul b.hlviou diEtd at wono dd snG b.caus ol df,r q, Unled 

N..ioB ofr.rcd lnc fd orrcial detuilid oa violde as.inst w@ft i! t93 thbusn 

lh€ Delerid on lb. Elidinalion of viold@ aglir9 Wob.n. A@rdir8 10 rhe 

Ani.bl of dal Del{ari@ viol@ rg.iDlr end i! ..ey &r of sode-bs*d 

viol@ th.t E nlls in, d is lilct to dulr in, pn sidl. *xud or psychological nm or 

6utrcring to voncn, i..hdirs thrdj ofsuch !crs, ooorcioD or abitrary deprilstions of 

liberty, *hctho occunils i, publio or pri!.rc tirc" *hich b consideEd a @,pEnersiye 

ud h. rochirg defnnio. (w.on \rcrtd.tu/arrict.riw,13654ll), .Illc d.chaion 

3cs on to sr€i8 lnrc pri(..y silas of g€ndd bs.! tiolcrc: dr! fanit, 6c 

dmuity ..d th. sh&, rb.cty cn@p4$ins lhc pnv& ard pubtic donlin , (Siddiqi, 

206:2r) Thc Beiiirs Pl.dom fo Aclior Er.l6 thc alovc dcfinitim od sd.ss thor 

"in all si€tics, to ! gtoa{o ot lesg d.gr€c, wonen ad gnb e subj@rcd 10 Dhysic,t, 

sexual ed psycholosiqLl a!u$ th.i .urs &rcss liDes of income, ch$ s{t oulbjrc" apFA, 

1995). 

h lh. p@nt dudy i'l.dc asairn lm is n@r {or thc viot@ agdDn mdi.d 

woho @uFd by tu faDily dcnhs in fdity pEnies, wnich irctlllcs ptDsial .!d 

n@t l &rfil$ ed erual incr(m dcspie uwitlilgns olvite_ 

B.nghdsh Societt: Tn eord wicty is uscd i! {tifcEnl moings, "tn lhc sial 

soieDces, a sieq is u6od lo ncd. group of p@pl€ thar fom a smi{tosed eoial 

srsl.m, in which host inctunons a *irh od&r individulb betosing b ln. soup, 

Again a sdiciy is a bJdy of individqts rhar i3 outtined by the boods of fudio.al 

t7

inrcrd.Fdcnc., mpdsing.l$ posibL ch.ra.lcri5ti6 ot @ndd6 such s mlioml 

d cultuEl iiLlrity, * etiddity, or .ieiality, MoE brcrdly, I si.ty Ls d 

@ndiq sial d irdu5lri.l iri.asrutue madc up of a v&ied nultiludc of 

indiriduars. Mab€R of, sicty hay bc 6on diffdql €dlnic Crcups. A eci.ly tu, bc 

a D€nicrbr edric srcw, sucn a the Sdo6; a nalior slate, such 6 Bhui!4 a brcadq 

cultu.dl goup, sucn 6 s w.stern siely. The word society moy ole Efd lo on 

oguiz.d rolunloty usidion of peoplc tor Flisious, bcnevolent, cultml, soientiir., 

politicol, palriolic, oi oLhcr purposs. A $ci.ty my ev.n, thoueh noE by mtus oa 

n.bpbor, rcr to a s'oial dgdim sucn 6 !n dr @lony" (wikip.dia Tho fu 

EnclcloFtlia hnp/cn.rvikip.diaoBr'{irts@iely). 

In thc pEent sludy vdery ha ber ralcn in thc nains ot coulry. Thar'3 why 

Btusbddh sdieiy is lidited io dr seographicdl lMtion ofasghdesh, As n wd nor 

po$jble lo colLct infonnation Eg..dirs violen@ aslirsr nwied wonei 6on all ovcr 

th. @unsy duc ro {m. ed @nonic constrainr, hoe B.ngladcsh scnry for lh. 

pttsr srudy is limited 1o only rwo vilrges of BdEtadcsh, 

Dow.y: Tte &f.nion ofd. t d do*ry ir rn Dowry p,bhabirjon Ac! is.p6p.n, d 

tdubL sriiy sivcn or asrEd lo b. ejva 6 mnddtior for the mdiage of lh. 

plnis (Kh4 2000: t24), Do*ry is thu lh. Fopdty *tich ft nbbard l@iv6 tm 

his wifc ed hcr fdily upd Ddiagc. Howcv.r, Bdgladesn hv h.s proyid.n e 

exLnling hqine to do*ry eying qharcyer is pr€sared Nhetner b.forc o, a&, 

muiag€ uda d@!td cooputsior or sial prc$ure 6 @NidEdtion tor rte neiaSc 

cm bc sid io be dowry. In lhe pFsonl sludy do*ly has been l.ken i, the nqning 

prcvidcd by tle law oflrlnsl.desh. 

Phy.icd, Mcnt.l !d Seturt Vioterc.: physical vioLne i.ctuds arr .gersiw 

bdavior innidcd on thc My orviclim by an aggF$or like Dushir8, pi,ch'.8, Cattins 

dd pollin8 by lhe hrir. chrcking, kictdns, b@ing siabbi4, rr@wins ocid @ boitiDs 

w.6, sho.rirS dd s on. On lhc olle had, ncnt l viol@ is @nmin d by cjnS 

psychological wepofu $cn s rcrhal Oqr3 of riolde ssain5r $. victin d ! DeM 

d.d 1o ncr, r@ins rhe vicrin io d.sndc t Ell d@ivc collroli,g, .qtaiti4 Dd/or 

disnption oI burirc efiti1i6 slch $ slepirs or .5ting habns si,r FktioBhip, 

..6 io non t, lcrbal insulr dd e on. Again, sut violence inctudes Dhysical 

l8

dra4k3 on victim's qogqols orgds, e.g, b@!sr dd c.nit ls of forccd su.l &tiYitv 

a@mpdicd try phj6icll viol€n@ m d.$rit€d @lnr (Moual, 2005)- 

E&h t ?€ ol violds, rvhelha il is piysical, renlll or $xu, ha v&ioa din BiN. 

For rhe prcsE.t sody pbrsicrl violde n6 b*n cl$irrcd uder $@ h.{di4t i!. 

dEoud hod ed tcs. thru8h b6oho.'/ iicv$dtl dd thrwi d& onbin rid or dE 

a!ov. tso, B6id.r nqxal violde hs heo clasifi€d into los eieSoris i.e, rcbuk , 

abw, dGinlcrecl h tall.fig ed mcral plcsure &/ ncgliSmce. Scxdl rioldce ba b.e. 

bk n i. th. mdins oa *xud ini.Mw u.kr u{illin96 of wif.- 

Mrrriod WoDe!: li dE p't$r srldy Micd woncn is mdi for cv€r Mi.d 

wome, vhich inoludc, cur.ndy hdried v@en, sepamte4 diyorcd dd *idowd 

won.n incsp€ctiw ol.s., EliSion, ed@tion and @nomic condition. Aclurlly $@ is 

Ilutb.[dr For dE pi,sr siudy hushmd Efes to lh..ftDr hsbad for c!ftntty 

mui.d woDcD r.d thc Dos cc€'!r h6b.rd for divoMd, *p6ated, or wilo*ld 

Socirlizltio[: Sooiolization is a pr*s tisnsh which on lcm hi!48 noms {d 

bch.vios in sial !!m+[.F, Foily t th! ptimary.g@y of sidt d@ H.@ 

dy qisis il rnc ftnily nay [.v. e hnuq@ or ir, 

Patdarchy: ln i|5 l.ncal n*ni.g patriahy i3 fte po*er of fartr.. Blt in si.l 

lcmimlo$/ p.lridhy is . sldcm ba$d on nd's dooinrion, ID scDcnl p.d@hy 

€r.Uid's un qual poerr disrributid bcnr6 nd &d Romo lhrcueh @intairiry lhc 

oontrol ofwM.n by 06 in rhe &mily sd in lhe sociely s a *hol.. 

Plrrir.ch.l Sociil Ordcr rod Prlri.Kh.l Aurloriry: p.an'Eh.t sill ordd 

ir sucl & od.r which @intais lh. brsl of p.ti@nal qicty by h@r or by oruk, 

It is naint incd rtuough Dadenal sudroriry wnioh a a meDtality er6 6 e 

iEtucnt to kep up hd doDiMrion dd }@o subordin.lion wiltin ! DariNh.l 

sicy. Not only ocn bul dso w('@ d rhe bce of ech drhonry. As a 'Nh 

l9

won.n @ oppNd by *omcn (e g opPre$ion bt bolhcFin'law or sisk'i'_laN)' sidc 

Etclargc Mfirilge: Tti5 Dditgc is borter nDnia3e whete a s|@ ir Srvcn b a 

ns in DuiaEE in rctun for . wone &on tne btidcgdm't fdit bcinS ndicd ro a 

me noD lhe bride's tnniry. Ir lhis my payirg ior a bidc is avoidcd bv gpnilg o'e in 

.xcl:og. fo a wonon 600 rh! fanily ln Bdgbd6h' gencEllv bridc's bdhd bte 

hs sislq-in-law N eilc uder endgc nMitgc. 

Llptailo. Uputla ir a tu.l adDinistratile sDbdi*ion .f t distict vhich vG 

D.trti@n s Thsd olia. Th* e My ,1p4tl6 lndd clcrt dijlricl i, Bu8l'dcsh' 

T.k!: Tslo is lhc uit of cmncy ofDesia&st\ ldoDr.d in 1971.ll dcriv6 ton |nc 

word r,,lz, lh. Irdo @in.8p u*d duing th. Delhi Suli.mt Orc huldcd poi$ 

@llit]l. I rata: tn* e t-. lG, 25-, 5&, loG, 200_' md 500' pais coins dd 

b&knot.s in I -. 2-, 5.. I O-, 2G, 5G, loc, 50{! ed 1000 ral &mDiMlim. 

Age Group: I! lh. pwnt studt tg. n6 b€n diYid.d inlo the el.sori6 @'lv 

low (15-24 yds), hcdim (25'34 ycd), hich 05 ed above vqt 

Lovel of f,ducstiotr of Wife: Lrt.l 

lhE ecedi6 i... @edur.d (allitdr.), 

(prinBry lo sbovc hish* e@tdary). 

l,evcl of Educ.tion of Hltsb!trd: L.v€l of.du.atioa of dubod hd b..n divided 

into lhM cslesdier i.e. qcd@Ed (iUted.), smi

Tot l MoE6V h.on of |t. F.Dily: lor u. Plsr.d !tuO lobl o6It' 

le. of fr tury btd i.,-rf?r ido tG.-aci. i'. lor ({)|! t od 

Lld+ .v.o8. ({001- t@ &) .!d hla! O00l & .!d.bo!n). 

Ag. .t MrrlLg. .[ Wd.L: F(. tt Fld od {..t ea! of @ n r 

ta dndd.d ido {t$ or.rdL. |.. lor. (B.!on t3 }{rI o.dlE 03-15 },rt od 

a!(16 d&v.rrr) 

Ag. lrlftr.... h.art s W@ .d 14.to E-b.dr h b Fd iO 

... dt&o6 h.d€o 160.. ed lbn t!|!dd !r. ta cLdi!.d ido tbF 

cdltt.!.dUbr0{y4}D.dteO.9t!G)drial(10ddd6}r.} 

2l

CEAPTER-2 

TEEORETICAL BACKGROUNI) 

ANI) 

REVIEW OF IXTERATT'RE 

z,

2. T IMPORTANCD OT THEORY IN SOCIAL RXSEARCH 

It is eid ttat \ilbh sEioloo/, a lnory is ! s.r of slltdals lhat sts ro dptain 

pbblds, elio8 or b.I6viour'(S.h!.fcr,200319). h has Bpt inpo se in sooial 

cs.h. Eyery sial si.dis @sidcE this iDporr.na bc!@ of iB mlibutio 

towsds th. maluBtion ol sial $icn6, 

For lhe occmuhtim of f&is, it is n.ccsrry to have a rolcrenco ro dj.ring rh@ri€s so 

thrt faau my b*one ndi.gtul. Eh Fa&ndt! of I pdnjaUy dcvcloped thory 

pbvide u inpotunt guide for the diedon of Es@h by poirring our Ms th.1e 

liklly .o b€ tuitaul md nL vhich habslul Elatioships N tik ly ro b. found. 

2.2 THEORY REL.{TED TO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 

An ispo!@l $6rio. otun Eied is rlw '\phy ne. e vioLnt, absiv€ tud cMl 

lowdG wotun?" Theru @ om. ensdry tneorics which Ly lo rrcvidc th. olwr of 

$! qcnior h speilic lh* thdics ddpr 1o idntiry Md dgori4 rtrc f!.iou 

conbiblting lo gqdeFvolencc in lhe fmily which 6ay be cl.$ified on lhe bcsis oa 

thE hvck of .!.lysis mdy Psrrhcpalnolosiat tualysis, sxiopErlotogic.t 

Atalysis od SeioohFd Afrlysis. 

2,2.r P.ychcp.thologi@l Anal$b 

ftis nod.l of $.lysk ftcuss on the p.sonali9 cnd..lcrisli.s of tne ofend.r Md /or 

vjclin 6 the oajor d€rcminrnt of violcrc. U(lcr dis d,lrsir ir i! bclieled rhel n€n 

e vioLnl lo*ords lhc wonen in fmily pmi$s duc 10 .5ohe inlemal ab.mio4 

tbMdiiy o. d.r€divc ch4ccristiC' (Flqla 1984169). It td& to l@k for iDcr 

raie, mdEr lha sio.ullu.l perspc.tivc. ll aiv6 import nG on hetrial ittne$, 

a|onols, violcnt-uphinsidg, p@r slf{nlrcl sd othq i.r'a-individ!.1 phdomed. 

The nain lhories udq is oalysis !c $ follows: 

(r) Ac@rdiDg ro lhis lpploach inEodued by Euiot (1977)'conEol syrdrcmc'is e 

inpdhi cae of violo* @urEd in fdily. Ir fdu$s on pstchcgdclic 

ch@ctrisrics of the ag!,!ssB ud sivs idportlr@ on p6p.r psrrhiiujc dd nediol 

1.$ of$em ro dc@r rtrir orgoic dana8e dd d rh.n tstnql !@rdin8ly.

(b) Ano$q appMch !:Us $at wiv6 tbvokc dcn husb&ds to b.at rhdd a th.t 

o@bislic Dar@ dcsir sch puisbncnt or t]l.y dc prenispoed to violcn*, b€itg 

.!r&red ro violal md ed andid.d 1o !bue, I! b inlrEmcd 6y FFudid d€pt ol 

'fchinine' psyohe. Garibrd (1978) ud Celles (19?4) de the nain.xpoudets oflhe 

2.2.2 S@icFsychologicl AMbsi! 

flln nodcl of Mlysh f@uscs on bolh eit mal sooiol f.ctoG whioh cfd individu.l 

bcltstior lrd inea-fmily Elnliaship Mich lad lo violcftc- Fouowi4 @ lhc mjot 

lhooriG ud4 the elysis: 

(r) r'lurndor{ggBiio! lhery: Thc tleory ws 6d sr.cd by Doll.td (l939), Mdy 

of ils p6l!l.l?s e drlved loh Ffudie $@ry. It hsinly qpl.ins the El.tiotrhip 

b.t*d nulrari@r lnd asgEsios It holds thal withi4 th. f,nily lhc itdividutl i5 

hidly involeed ir onu l$d s well s hishly frultated on tn€ olh.i This fru6lation 

lc.d! b $N fom ol osslKid whicn is .lwaF didLd bst .l5 6c eur of 

Tie ilcory facd hor .rilicisms. Tllins thc ctiticins inlo .@sr th. rhory is 

nodifi.d bt r *6ich r.og!i$ that d &onl di+hy of .g!reion mty bc inlibiled bt 

.ithd intcmlized noms of qtul oontlls, d.o thouch tne inplls f6..8{ysion 

nly b. slsDs followins som. iubalina cxp€ricn@- 11 also r@8riss that ftuslr{iot 

M be cmltarirc dd n 6 tuh dd a lonS psiod ot tio.. lt &lnwlcd86 lhar 

pcople p.eive frustnrioN in laiou *ays. It also @srises lhsl csponss io 

fdiralioN @ be l€oed. Th@fm, aggBire &lions d oot @ .urddc 

conseque@ of fGtari(ir ed then @uMe dsPends upon a nunber offacloB. 

(b) Ped.Bio! t[.orrr Thc th6ry h tbtoud.d by Feniclrel (194s) Ill posruh&s 4 

minly b6.d @ IEudid pstrhodrlysb whicn &Is rhd balc lc€Bion ag.isr 

women eiss out oa ca*ario. fc6 !,iich in rh &is od of cdlicr ml sds l 

ignocs ecirullul tcndcFhie@hy. 

24

(c) s.U Atdtud. Th@rJ: 'nie thcory dg!6 tnat dF p.so6 who don\ hsvc a positiot 

in eci.ty or "for whon s@iety ma&cs it difficut b ehi* s adequalc l4cl ofslI_ 

.!(cn", they @ try (| slEnglh.n lhcn inogc in lh. .v6 of othets atd thcnPlles 

$rcusn carying out violcnt els (Jrin ed Sirelr 200135) 

(d) Moriv. Attdbotion 'I h.oryr A@tding 10 th. tjlcorv violdl b.haviou is norivaEd 

by oln6. '1 .xploiN hw lh. st*oe of ebrios b sud 6.1 lh@ i5 a lieb 

plobability of o.levolenl inlent bcing an bden b tne lctids ofolh.r individuals,lhec 

by *nin8 ir notid 6 .sr.ri!g cr!l. of tt9h61 &d agSpsion (Jain t d si,gtl 

2001:16). 

123 SociFultli turly3i! 

The ed*ultuat apFoeh lints sehlg nru.{ftd in

$netincs 5 @nllicl md oomDctitiot or upbdvdl md desdction' (jain lnd singh, 

20Ol:3n 

O) Ih. Subdtt{rc of Violere lldrt. Thc thdy dcrclopcd bv Wolfsdg holds of 

rh. yid that viola@ is i eponse lb.t is @6inedt witl noms supPofiiig ils ue dd 

lh lifc dF@slan6 of crLin sNups of pople. Fd itsr.@, ur6o sld dw'llcE 

chdcreir.d by sinding povcny, @ebL @onuitv ortsr.izlliot.4d bmk n GDilv 

lifc, moy ttiggpr violde fEqucnlly il socitl El.tim (johfl, 199'l: I l3l9). 

(c) Sairl Larnhg Tt.ory: Thc lh.dt is d.velop.n bv (BbdoE 1913), I bts 

vioten@ $ a l.d.d !.stoN. Uodd lh. ihary it is belided lhat p@pl. lem 6@ 

obsdirg ud mod.litrs on r orlcrs b€haviour' ObeRing o$ecs violeDl b.h'viou 

.ilhd it fl6h or via visud mcdi! @ is n@ lilrelv to iditlc it ed with pdititc 

Finforccmat, the b€haviot continuF, lf lheE !G no t.gatilc co.equnccs of th' 

viol€.t h.l6viou (c.s. victin lepE $c viol@ wilh $bDisid), $d l!. b€h:ud 

(d) RBo!.c. Thort: A@ding to thc th.ory, all social s'stcds, incbdits a 6Dilv' 

rci to a cstain deer4 @ foB or cmi@ (Gsd., 1974) u d d€ ih@ry it is 

be liev.d rhat oDe's for!. d€p€nd! on thc reumos oom{ded by hid. 

(.) Etchrq. T!.od ,Acoodirg to the OEory, peenal intoraotion is srid.

of $e pd.ieohal sial Jrder, is midrit.d ltuouEli cconomic sd sei6l p@$cs dd 

violen@ ir d instumot of tuuing |nc mitteMe of this od6 

g) Cy.lic.l Tl.ory or ViolB.4 lt n popos.d in the tuorv givc. bv WsLd 09') that 

lh. inl.did in a vk'loi 64irg. tcD& lo follot I cvcliod patt n aliomlrsg 

b.$€n hosiliry &d lov.. ftis thory it b*d m th. h€li.f lhal ncn do nol qpas 

thcn &nuado ard ssq b.c.e they hlYe bd laughl "ot 10 shq thcit f€lings. A3 a 

rsult tosion gross rilhin mn sd @ttinus uotil hc qplod.s ed bc.one violql 

Tha his tqdo! is Elc.sed, Th. cyclc odisb of lh@ bsic pha.s, it te$id 

building !he, &lins{ut pne hd lotqmmt ths Th€ rttst Phs 

is chaedised 

by Fot ct]mdi6ri@, 6id ed t@ of dsing @lbsrs DuinS lhis shsp rhc 

won& ities lo cdn 0€ @ do"t, to avoid mv o4or viol.d @nfrnlctioN, Th. 

eond DtrN is chad.nsd 6y oulhud5 of vioLot, ab$ire i!cid.a6 During lhis sttsc 

tne baneF attcnDts 1o dodiMie his wifs wid ih€ !e of domslic violence The thi'! 

lhde is ch@tqis.d by atrcctioA !tolo6/ dd eparcnt sd of viold@ Duitg rhis 

slrge tit bdi|rct reh ovc hclnitg f*lin$ of mo$ dd stdnc$ some batcns 

walk awlv Eon lho situriot, whib orhc6 showr thcir wivos with lov. sd 3fr6rion 

vhicn onlo cloB hoF oI dc nushnd5' .h4ge io d.ir wiv.t nitd ed bind lh@ to 

ine chiiD, Bdue, witb tE psege olline lhc dmliot of tlis Phe dcclin6. 

Ttis thcory i oten pliEd wiln lhe fmily/€lario6hip c@nicl' modcl *l'ich hol& dE 

vid ln.l boll' the m,n and e@ e th! dt'ibulo6 of violdcc in d i imle 

rclalioBhig- It Asuncs tnal fic Elado6hip is eidFr ch@l€rised bv nfual rioldcc' 

or wiG's 'b.tow-theb.lf &8u@ts PrcDptiig ! violcnt EspoF 6oD he hsbud 

which pbvolGs ner husbad, In lhis @ the *ond! b.havior cortlbures b thc build' 

up of 6iN in l[c n4 uril hc dplod6 in a violcnt Ese follo*d t, a hdctbM 

(b) Aloni€/ Dwi.Dl Dcbatiour Th.ory: Tncy thory is popound.d bv Menon (1918). 

ft MIts sial pobLr in lhc ont it ol sial stwn)e lt holds ol lhe vi4 dEl a 

oeM indulecs iD dcviMl b.h.viour when hc lsks of iBntdional me@ ro ttbin his 

culndl so,ls Ir olhe. eds th. lh@ry delinoB lhc FlalioNhip h.tsen orc\ s'al 

positio4 t\e sltrin Nhith,@ohpani$ that polirion dnd rh. rcsulting ddier dd non' 

d.yiar adlprarim" (rtir dd Sing 20Ol: 33). 

21

(i) srrds Thcory: 11 is egucd in lllo dicory lh4t stfcss oia lqson ,iling in a fMilv 

sindrio oay h. itueDrd u&r i.ct6irg pEss.s tnd sial sr!!s D!. to 

iFdcqlaa nm€s or odq such Dobloms in ! fdilv dat tulh.r i@e t@ioN 

Coupl6 dd lditi* in loiqq Boy b. nN likclv lo .xpe!i.e donetic violcne, 

{tue ro ircreasd slds ad mnflicis about fMcc! sd o$.r spects. It is spcculaled UEI 

Dovsty may hhdd. m@ s .lilily lo livc up !o his ida of sc6tu| Dlthood', thE hc 

fqs losing honor &d nispeor Tn@lorc the thcory st88.sa thal *h€n n.n k mblc 10 

e@onic.lly sppon hir wi6i ..d mbt jn @.!oL nc uy rh 10 b. violcot 6 mvs to 

C) Porcr rld coltml rhary: Whd it nnsiry tom 3ll ofdF abd. rhdi* is 

E@snitid of bltleErs' irlEnl lo s!i! ontul ovd theu p6'b€6' &liois, lhouehb od 

Gelinss. A ousalist vnw slal4s that dom.nrc viotcn@ t r sFaLsl/ to Crin d minr.it 

pow md @ntlol ovu lhe viclin. This view is ir dismdt with Bmqoes 'co!t- 

b.D.fir thcory $,r .tus wlrds rh. Frp.drd it wtt 06.r lh&. or in addiri@ lo' 

sihp9 *rising powq oE hi! or h.r t!rret(s). 

An .lcmlivc riew i! llFt abus eiss frc6 poMles€s sd exlcrulizity pbj4lits 

rnt $d attfttdng lo c@ie @o[ol of de victin. n L e ancmpr b gah or mhllit 

pow.r &d .onlrol ovlr lhc victin, Bui cven in &ni.vin3 lhis it ca@t rcsolv. 6e 

Dockss|B divinr n. slch b.niri@6 hovc addicriv. cp@ls l@dFg to ! crcL of 

abue or liolct@. Mutldl cyclcs devclop Nh€n oeh pany attempts to ieolvc rhcir oM 

DowrlesB ir attcillibg io .sn @rol. 

Qu6rixs ofpowef d @nrrol & intcgrdl b tlF widet !@ptad 'Povd ed Conxol 

Whel' of Dulurh Dofrdic Abe Intc@lio Prcjed (DAI?)- X d.gib6 lhe dnfqdr 

ta.1i6 { aber es I( mainiiin mwer dd @rttol ovcr his Bdlef. Il illustrales this: i1 

hls Dow dd conlrol d the enE., slmud.rl by bcti6 (lEtDiqoes u&d), rh€ litl6 or 

wnich inoluder @crcion dd dftaB, intimidation. dotioml duse, isolalio4 

miniDizing d.ntinS dd blming; NinS childt t, €.mnic .6@, Dale privilesc clc. 

rn !n .bsivc FlarionshiB tlc botred @s lhc lborc pdh of ti.ti6 1o Einfos his 

!e of ohvsiql violcn@, This nodd na&s dBt viol.tt incidcnrs trc not isl ed 

inlrrn6 of. ios ol onEol, tr cvd .ycli€l cxpe$ios ol ose. dd a!$ation 

:3

Rrrncr, @h ini.rc. is plrt of ! tars.r pattcm of b.t vio ddirDed b etql ed 

Milllin !o*r and @ntrcl ovs lh. liciiD. 

Tne Pdd Dd cdl,ol wn€.I is bsd on lhc sMption lhar the purpoF or lhe 

viole@ L to ercn powaf ud contiol over dolher' ft assns 6.t lie olenetb tnar 

fm.d rh. b6ii of ali.r rh@ri6 my bc @ntib jts 6cto.i blt e mllhc a@'.r 

thc riol€@. Rlthd, rn boti.Ef 6sdN5lt s.s dcse biics b ensu. thc 

subnisivd.s ofhis pann i 

It h tulny $!t the ek'.hc of Ml€ violen4, thNSh which wodcr's sbordtut rcL 

r.d un qual pow e foE d ad d.jnIaiF4 'i in lh, loLEld and Ei.foc.d bv 

polni@l dd cultural iN ritllioN {d @ononio rtu8.ma.ls, 

O@t tin, nowvcr, il is stiEd thot cvd lhh tn@ry_-liat bancrd e vioLnce to 

sain @no! dd pow.r {d rol ruficidtly c.pM lh. phomam of violdcc Whilc 

rh. Po€ .d Corrol Whel (ir., clHive bch.vioE tnar ciabli5h pow dd @ntol) 

descdb* *onens exp€ri.n€s, batlercrs in baiteEN idcde.tion po8@s do Dot 

anicutare . d6iE ld low od @rhl wno $cy Llt sboul $.n r of thce 

behlvim. CosqHd, DAIP b.situ to con€ptuolizc violtue wi(hit tnc lesq 

cdtcx of s@iely. Undo rhL th6ry, viol..@ is a losical olt oBc or EhioCips oa 

doni''M &d hcqulry+l.t6o.hi!6 sbrFd Dol simply by {E pesid choi@s q 

d.sn s of some mcn to Ldmiiatcl rheir wiv6 but by hoe olhers, 6 a sGiety, @istrEl 

s6ial od @oMic dlndoDthiDs b€t*d D6 dd woD.n dd within bdi.g3 (4 

irdoare d@6tic Ehli6hip6) ed fmilid Now thl dst is to udeN$nd low ou, in 

olhcr words, wi.ty s respoN to viold@ cEales a climat of inioled@ or e@phe 

to rhc f@ uscd in intimlrc EltiooihiF. 

23 ATPLICABILITY OF THE TIIEORIES IN BANGLADESH 

CON'If,XT, ESPECIALLY TO TEE PIIf,SENI STTIDY 

Bricf disou$ion ofdE inmric! obovc indicat s nhat sonc ol lhco sive inponde on 

cdin sD..ll of violenc. in fmily prlbiss blr mor E l@ IiniEd in s.F L 

dtLin rully lbr onpLtty of th. El litudion. B6ides, som. tldi6 ft loo 

simplislio or dclemirntic hut th. sl liie situatid i5 nor so slEieht cut,

R.C8di!e psrh6parhotoSical tdi6 i d bc sid $at thc$ @ rct tery s)sremltic 

TiU tod.y v.ry lew snidi$ hav. bq nade dep.nding on 6cse tnotica The cNs udar 

$c D@nr $rdy.lso do not dal insl,!6 of.tv p.lholoSic2l ptoblen or p.Nn l 

inad.q@y. Bdidss, litc otlEr rseNlts, the PteMt studv dsns that uualtv 

'ny 

w6 fel nmifi.rqi 6d deprs*d u!&r ln. viol.nt siuarid alh.r tbfl 6nn[6.d 

of $.n s&hBlic pl6w. Thoud il is found lnat i. $m Nes wives e oEd e 

but i is cvid6t that it occN in crtain o$io6 o.lv It it 3 Cpn El lad.ncv of rh. 

sood of Begbd.sh thlt lb.y d@'t wotrr to displ@ thcir nubet' Rtr&d uev 

al{ays ry lo tulfill thcn hsbedl dcnnd! .nd dcdres, cv.n lhrcud lhcn (wiv.o 

sfrcrines. nae tts porct tb@ry is el scn.Bllv applicau. i. Bmglad6h 

Rcs.dilg Fruhtion-.€sl*ion lh@rt il o b. eid tial den\ au@tion od 

rs3Esion, 6 a lcmsl Fspot!. deFnds on ndy taclor lik. s@ialiarion Again it it 

f@nd tblr lh. agSrsion is .or dwqs dir*t d bM{b rti. $uE of fnsF.lion For 

.xmolc. nen work€d u ome son.how face .be beh.vio( lmm lh€n boss but 

61 GsDord th.E in ll* sme w.y, I! this 4 rhcir a88aie lards ro lhen wiv6 

*ho @ not th. Em of tnen frusralior bul {c verv available ro lhcm !o lolqlE their 

.ssro$io, Hen@ rhe llcory ir nor tuuy acptrble lo oabe doncsric ioloc. 

P.re6ior tn@ry is dei oneaided. It ignods the sociHuhuFl epndcr-hiq.rchy which 

ii fodd wry inpotu! b @innin viol.M ag.inn w

c[ind drn c violcncc bur i it.l$ cvi{tenl {El d@ d dv p@ rud fMili6 

wno @ohc 6eir conlljc$ Md qu@ls srom 6on pov.rtv qithout sv riold* 

again* qoncn. Undtr dle situalior sutcukE ofviol."ce lhcory is ifpon.rf but d. 

liDiedmcirdpLinibgviol@ islor frtly appliqblcto dts thc anin & ofmu 10 

Sdirl llding Th@r-v !b n inFdr ll hi8tniehts on r vcrv signili6l spel oi 

doncstic tioler@ i e. L.dsnission or violent behtviour in thc rtoilv- But il is a panial 

mtysis. h dslily it ir awd rbd mey b.ned havc te! nisi h viol. ahdPh4 

But oFc e also bdt@6 eho did lot expos 10 viol@ in upbringing pto@ 

Besid6, nMy pesons e fomd nol to he indulgcd in violcn€ a€aid dEir wivs, in 

srir. oa h.ing rn clillEtr of wi6 hott ER H@ li. |!6ry d nol !|ovlde . 

@mpch.4ive *phnalio. of violent tehaviour of husbands to then *ives 

R@ue $er, &lls Ib.l foe ns&Fd by a pds i. tlF faoily dcp.n& on thc 

re$!rces comdded by hid, Bul h6bdtds witn nislq eso@.q wno @ @nsidet d 

$Fdor in t!€ 6rily, reiu leasl ltely e vioL@ .gai6t lmcn s dt las a.4 io 

mdinhin dFir poeilion. AFi& lhc lb@ry is prdid in eal$ine violcn@ agtisl wonen, 

sine it siv* inpoddc. on fordocrcio. dd n cl61s dE o$€r bais on $ltich f.nily 

EacheE! dory ir *mcd b bc aprliqblc in Bddadcsh @t.xl to lh. c4 wh@ 

violcrc agaiEn wmetr @us d@ io mn-p|yn@t of do*ry. Bul tbc oder @ 6 

rot h. popcrly lnalysed ihrcugh lh. 1i.ory, 

PraiaEhy th€ory ir lcry ouch clated ir aolysing violfl@ agaiisl wohen in 

Beghddh @ .xt, eq$ially 10 rh. ltlgl snldy. Horcvs, it may bc consid.Ed a a 

linir.d vi.w a th. Ih.ory dnsr

why men diEcl {ten e Nt losions of Bgo only agdinst the t *ivos As dE cotreption of d 

crL of aiotde ir tuic Elfi.r lhd dyDoic ed cnesing ud dG trot ddl *ilh 

intcdoMliry, $c th6rJ is nol s@6ed rclilbl€ io @tysins violcne aceinsi *omcn. 

Anoni. tneory is oot $ic ro crplain all L\c crimcs ai6cd al women. For exmpl., not 

Epis !d ban*F dqir hnw ary ao.r.ry s()6 8pt1 ir Itcn ni.d which mv 

dier th.m io indulge in ill-legirimat behaviour. 

Il n food tl)ll donestio riolsnc. is mt clways €usd by slD$, bul n mv bc a Hlitv 

drt emc r@plc Oul &r dI) Gpond ro ecs, lt it .ls €vi.hnt $t habilitv or 'M io 

.conooicclly support dEn Nivcs insft a f@lins in the hulbsdl hird (sometincs 

*iv6 e to erc €xi.rt rBp.6ibL fd cEarins sucn aefiDgs iD thci. h6bar4s' nind) 

thar thcir Nivs e .oL uds thcir @ntrol. As a Fsult soBdidcs they tun to bc violent 

!o e$4$ lhen msulnity ov.r 6en tiles. 

Powd &d co|Iol th@ry n ale linir.d in its viw. Th. fals oI porer a.d @i,Pl 

qh.el is pwly one{idod, he@ Doblcoalic. It is nd$s intcnded lo 6si& pqsoml 

rspo$ibility rcr 10 cnhoce at .l for ontu.l Purpo*. Il do.$ t sii victiis dd 

pcrpetraroE in Fdvn'3 then difi@Ms. It is s infomatioMl tool d.signcd io h.lp 

irdividu.ls undctsad rhe dyDeics of powd opcEtins in abBiv. sitDalim Dd 

idedit EiN m.t iod! of abe Nhich dG nor d. lhe purpGe of thc P6cnt sludy 

2.4 REVIEW OT LITERATURX 

A ftvicw of lilcr.lu. lir a Es@i pejel ssos lbc s. pulPos 6 3 rdd Mp tnc a 

tel ple for . jomcr Bod! Drevidc a ba$ of inaom.tior on which to €!ry oul .h. 

Fsperivc endelyous, fhe moin soal to a.hi.ve in lhc li&rature €tiw is dcvelopinl a 

*mwLdge dd undersl&ding of the pmios *orl( tr aclirity in rc8rd io thc lopio 

beide Mhod. The literaturc rcliew ale itforu thc investisalo/r*@hq .s 10 lh. 

n.h fdding tr nds' ols of dlbr d cotuv.Fr, 'ta of tcgl€t dd $Cgcni@ ro 

additionll EMoh" (,Ad.ns, Ados dd schve€vcldt, l98s:51-s2) It h€lps one lo 

*lar od d.v.lop . Erffih topic md ole .n.bl6 on. to uc blild o &d to tho *dt 

of oth.r, Ir hclps 10 .Nu. 0[t lhe prcjel {ill bc integated Yilb peviols votL 

Acndly ir i3 . rsy irton nr dlg€ of Es@h. 

Followire N $ne studi.s cvi.wed tor lhc pttsr nldy 

l2

Tne bo.* qd:dd v@e" atd viderc: I CMp.ttti9. Stltl, of Rwal a"d lhbu 

viol.d on WoM i BuCld.th writ|n by Atolda dd ShuiD (198t lris lo 

oar.goris the c{e, norirc !d lh. MtuG oI crii. oul of Yiol€F mcur.d in or'l od 

utd al4 of Beshidh duins 1933-85, d $e bsis of publisned wi l1 brings our 

$c dFwh.c*. s rc8.rds (h. diffii!.nd of qiDe nds, d.@rid of qid. ed 

inph@ntdioi of LM o8tiNl tioLG l also susgesls n.as.s ldt Fdrc$ s 

rshE &d B.guB (1935) hive qi.lcn ! b@k .ndded lvo@": Vidiw of vlote@ 

t1975-19841.'l\e ptn\tq pnp.e or lh. book is lo $an a sysrenalic bquirv inlo lhc 

Drobl€m ol violcM ag3i6t wtu in Bal8bddn 'ft. b@t dru at sftdelh.nins 

irfmrrioo bd E8&dirg lhc lxtrt Mtut dd trsds of liolo@ c.s !3lial 

Beshdohi womd ir the *oncnt d*de. It sp@inoally f@uses on iss6 peninett to 

tlE ol. oi ndr n€dir in dE mttcr of concm. 

M.Fu (ltto nrs pEpaEd ! Epod for spdi.i Proglnlme WID, Ncr[erleds Ministt] 

of Forcisn Ailsns {Dcils) aritl.d Violence asanst ||omr in Ba4lad.th Pokitu, 

Eg,pr, Stdm, &tusnl a.d yen a Thc ftpon csr€ri.lly f@lset on rh. si.l dd 

polili€l @l€n of Atrdd vioLne b Begla&sh ad Pltirbn. It d$ .@in6 s!@ifrc 

fom of viol.re sd js@ ELrins lo prulitulioD, *hcF i.fornalioD b avail.blc, for 

e&h of ths.ouEies os well 6 it dje@s abolt li? rspors* lo yioh@.C,iNt 

womd of e&iou erd's ors4izltio,s dd olha NOOS &d polili@l gmups. In 6is 

Epon all de hfomlnd d.rins 10 Ee/pi, Sdo, ScNeel sd Yco4 it p@i.d 

b8dnd, sine so li|lo is avoilahl.. 

'ft. Ubk qtin n HiAden Dae.r Yown aLt Fanily vioLe iz Badaaash niaa 

by $b! G9ta) lri.r b dQict o d@ id4 of th. pobld or 6Dily violetu. in lhc 

@ntexi of Beshdcslr It c.Gsorizes sonc f&los suc,h as GrDilial, .ultuml, 

psycholosi€l ed aoronic @tribding ro 3!ch viol..@- Th. b@k.Ib d6.rib€s rh. 

cumt mdNr i.r4nded ro ptller vicriDs of vjole&., dphaizint on th. aroe of 

llw afoEdc,r .gcicier md lcsal sysl€m ro violeDcc dd tbvide $ne sq$stions 

ed shta8i€s for $c Fd@lim of violonco asrinn *onen. 

ll

Roy (194) has wineh a tnicle enlile! "Bdtdcd Spoue Svndrome: Violcnc '8ainn 

Wm€n in Mdnsp." nc par.r aies al lbditrg out l5c ndluF of opp6iot o@und lo 

wooen in @niusol lifc by thoir hEband sd othd ia'nily ndbc6 dd b fiDd oul 

wh.du lnec h dy elalion$ip benv*n th. oppre$ion of w@cn ed tncn edudion, 

husbsds' edeation, os! !t firsr ndiosc dd the @ount of lanilial lad, 1t3 firdinSs 

Eveal rhar tujoity oftc wom€n hav€ ro opDonuity ro pdicipat b d.ction Datitg 

prcces of th. fdily Majoriry of rh. wdd udcr strdy fe physicat dd n6i'i 

tonw by $cn hubeds. Thc qss b.nind rlc rdG irclud. huslnLs' hot l!6pcr, 

supply offood h laL,l. nat hhdnre in dE My ornBbedr' .dul.ry, quel wid 

ir-hs erc. Eusb€ldr aGo loflw od rhct *ivcs 6 they fdl n nGsary lo *ep lhd 

urdd @t!1. Ir ale sl6 lh{ l* cduer.d Foo f@ physical rqtw ir fanily 

p€nisc. ii a hishd dcgE iD c.npdison wih cd@Ld wond. Blr noE .d@r.d 

*mu 6 foud to be {,pplssd b, d.ir Ic$ .du6&

srdi 0997) h6 DFpcd a l.l:]i@h cpofi.fii|,l Howbu rabw qaiNt W@, 

i, Ruot RdAbeth.lh. sntdy rtis b @ly* ho{ ctldit po8I?!lw ofBRAC tedu*s 

viol.ne qainst *omd ir runl da. Bsidcn n Esrs thor Ihc Ele of Jol@ dds 

the .d@led tunily i5 low .!d tlE dr. of vioLtid m@e MlniB ir bignd 0@ 

Hi(tB. Thc cudy "l$ rhos lhnr ihc Fic of violen@ ii hid ir tml .s @mpdt€d 

eidr dh.n a@. Ain n sr.r6 thal l[agh rh. c.e of violeDe lsaid *ono is 

rrsrts f@d *i.ti' pltnrch.l sid slsr.m h{t lh.E ir . {tc.p chlioNhip or viola@ 

4!irn wmd wirh cduation ed povcrq/. 

"fh.Ud. ellir1d viobrc. dsaiNt t{own in Da,sttdeth: Anatrlts a/.1 Actim.Ait d by 

Jrh! ed lrrrD G99Zr ieB oi @jor rad, ed issu6 @lalinB io violercc lBai6t 

Nue'L f!.to6 mtribulng io viol@ aSaidr wonen d weu s dilIercnl trlcs of 

inlcfl4tiotr to @mb* $olen* a3liBt wone, ir Danghd6h, 

Thc anicle addcd "litrnisgc, SeparEtio 8d Djvorce eons Middte cla$ Fmily in 

Dh.k! City, Bbgladcah" mircn by ilhmtr (199?) i3 d6i8ned with fie .ih of finding 

out the ratos 'ssi!t!:d wirh erisf@tions and dis$isfdions of mdtal adjusl,Enr, 

sep@tion dd d'vo&d iD middle €ta feity oa Dhaka ciry. TIF 6n,tins oflhc onich 

edr $r. sm. facroE l:kc ag., a8. B.p, sid oBisa,oy b€&.en lnc courts, 

t@cial solvdy erc. shoutd b. oBidcEd b€foE mdiase for a Factll co.jlgat life. 

TIE ani.le adtl€d "A$ei.d@ b€rw@ wifcb..tirs od Fchl Dd Idart rt rh: 

IDp{Bion lrm a Sun.y in R@l tndir,' DEp,,Ed by &jcbnoy (r90 .@i@ tnr 

linllge b€r**n witi,bdils dd tnc wiB .xlqieDe or feLl ed hfsn1 oonaliry. 

Thc frndi.$ of tle lrps $gg6l tbr {if6b.dib8 is d.eply cntMchcd in ont India 

ed @ry few women 6 @!. s absik frMi.C. rhee. It lrso susadr {ur lhc 

b.il[ ea.cucMs of {tor.stic yiolcnce, i, r.m of le8nmy loss $d infant 

noltllit, 4 .oNidcr$lc &d thc expeicne of lfttj& vooq e8{dins f.|!t dd 

in&nl nolr.liry i! p(N.rfllv co(tilion.d by thc slrcngth of dj. parritrchlt ecial 

Kltu .ld. (198) hcre D6rdd a @sdn Epod dnkd..D.o.slic Violdc asai,s! 

won n: Docs D.wlopman tr@htim M.re,". rt ains d cvdurDn of rhe Drm ed 

d"8r of doE stic tioleM. lt d€ts irar 6.8 is i cfthrio. t€r*en viotcG tud 

l5

povcrty, It also show lh1t thc nL oa viol@ Motrg the landlcs holsehold is hiShcr 

rhd (E hNshold o$ ! r lidle tuunt of led 6 {etl as lhc Bt it al$ hig! uong 

.h. wotun elliog phy! cd Lboui thd lh€ *mn vho do not ell phylcal lcbou io 

MrhEud &d MtDl {1998) hlvc wiBo d anict cnlilLd 'gpp6nod of MBlit 

wmd: Thc T.n ad Ddgladcah conht " The dicl. aims ar isus ekt€d ro lh. 

ot!6ion of Murlin {omo in Bdghrl6b @dext It sbbs ual d uexp.clcd 

inhme sindio. in upet of v@$'s $rs bs b.cn pr€vailine in EaBL&.[ sitc 

! Iors hi$.dcal par, tnolrh $nc sisnifi@l €husFs narc Lk n pl@ ovd lh. ye6, ft 

.lso sl!.s rhaltI. lms:c qdio or dploiLtid ol rohd itr tual Boghnesh h d 

ope 3@t s it ii roll-E

tui.B. by f@) to d.piv. of @UB n.€slrv loi pbvsi@l od 6en1.l 

d.rclopnql (nutrition, enuc.tid), to na*c hidrm@ h lhc Yrv or &mins 

@micdly elf-rli.nl (b dqriw of FDd*tire Butt€st $ch a btd, @h oolev) 

dd to tat *onen 3 coooodity (tum4 trdhcldng; pomosnphy, ptoslitllion). It als 

shws (hb Eslrdins dom6dc violocc thFu8lonl lbc wdtd 

Kn.! O00r) hE witr@ a b@k .fiN.n flt So.i.,lzgol Sda oJ BMEdi w@n in 

,@s/ddrr. Th. b@k 0ttemprs b hignfieht tnd oal]e thc redons why womcn in 

B.4lad6b m di$riainar.d as.ins by wicry ed in tle e]6 of tl'. law, It dieust 

aboui ditleql 6pels ofviohnce ag.inst woncn, It oho trica lo tu.lys. tne r6m why 

l[. coulry is still poveny-sr.icke., d.spik tnc dour of inlrurioMl tuld5 heir8 

p.Drd inb it 1o h.lp fime dev€lopmem prcSmncs. It empn$isos lhe f@t 6at to 

impmw mcn's sait'1, l.3.l ed dd qco@is $.16 in lh. contsy n is ncNry lo 

ch&gc &e wry saiciy r€eards tnm, 

Bhtriy., Shrrnlr Md fl.oifi (2003) hove witlo u article ednbd "NaruF of 

Dondtic Vio!.n@ aBrin{ Womr ii a Rldl Are of Bad!d6h: Inplic.rim for 

Prev.nlive ht rnction." lr ains ar $c frequency ofphysic{l vioLn€, wibal .bu!c, ed 

otbq Ekvar irfmdtao& imludi"e bi*gFurd ch.ruLnni6 of lh. edd ed thcir 

husban&. Thc papd rle disulg lh. pdeibility of cmnuitycnt€d inlcredions 

by nhilg a*.mc$ lbout tlr. violalion of hmd dgnE isB rd odq heal .nd 

prdoloBiol @B.quqc6 io prEvor d@6tic liolcr@ .gair$ N@cn. 

Tne parq dnled 'Nbnq\ statB 6d Donenio Violenoc in Rural Bsgladeshl 

hdividul od €@rity t Er EftcB'wih by l(etrig .r .r. (2rttB) limr ar 

explqing $c €laiionstLip brtw€n wohens coDowcrmsq oarm.l nuLilional sbru\ 

dd th. Nlrirional swc of lh.ir .hildrEn lecd 6 !o 24 nonds i. @t ed db.l 

coDuiti6. Th. Fpor Ev*ls dsl nljorny of thc childrcn ed norhq ultt r th. siudy 

sufd noh sm. dcllree of naLuririd. h abo sfus 1hd $n. mdjc6 (3it%) 

exp€ri$c domBlic !iol@ ad lhlr m&ru1qpdicn* of psyoholosicd .be sd 

sexudl ocrcion ircr.zF rh. rist oa nalnuuirid in moth.6 and childd, h al$ 

suggc$ $ac nsurcs 10 

'!de 

ndnftnion wnich irclud€s improvmdt ol wmcD s 

nutitioo, Fomotion of geDdo .qMlity, dpowem. of wmcn, dd ading violcne 

.17

'fh. Epon.flm.d lrklze oAaiat! V@n i, Bdndaa.sh 20U dr.'l br Ai (2N4) 

Ei6 to elrs lhc silud@ of domcsric ed public tiolde Murcd in B.ngladsh in 

2003. 

Brt6 ca .l O||04) [w. Mitr.n I Mi.l. dlihn 'Sdi(@tomic Facrors 8d 

Poce! d$chled eith Dom.stic viol€n@ iD Rut.l Bdslad.sh". ft cxmitcs the 

t)/IFs tld sqitt of .looestc vid.E ad .xpl@r rhc palbwys tbre!8h which 

wonens s@ial ed c@nomic ciEumslo.o.s mry infl!.tue lh.ir {hcdbil'ty to 

violc@ i! ndiage- ! sLr.s thar m.j@ry ot rhc wmcn undq thc study navc e 

qxpdic@ of donestic liol€nc. Thcy.x!4ts dat *onen with moF eduotion ed 

incme *ill b. lcss vulreauc ro domc*ic violqe b *.ll 6 !h.v also bdi* thlt 

hoving a dowry d r r.si$eEd Mi.g. @ stEngl,le . womd'is positio in ber 

mdirg.. But tE fudinss of th. dudy s!gg.s. di&om.dion b.twd th. woocDs 

chergins .xper!t@ &d th.n clm E lid6. Yc! of thas pot id acrors only 

.dulior is asmiatd vith signifidrly Fd!€d odds ofviolcn@. 

TtE tN* qnt!.A tYil )bu. i^ Rdaebeth: tt Ude.ognipd OleM wird hy 

ADer (2005) is oonm.d q h wife abus in B4gbd.sh dd .xoin s lne tcgat 

lGilim of l!|M in rcl.rio lo sh ab@. nE obj@G of rh. bot e .o fud *ndE 

wif€ lbus is sumciendy dal with in rhc lcsal @o ofBeglld€sh dd wndhe qon n 

cd w $€ ras to d*f tnei. risna .gaiN. srch ab!e, Th. study is divid.d into swml 

chrpt rs, @h int Mr!@&d Dd sh4ins d! @F.t tbm, &d ir a Fsutt of mDincat 

Gs@h in Bdgladesh rcgadins wif. .bu*. 

Th. nnict entitlcd Cohbaring Domoslio Violcnce throlsh Chalirs (naknse kd 

Anibdc ofMaLs: An llperin.nral Srudy ir Thr Viulscs ofBogtadsh" Mincn by 

Desud (200s) focNs o fmily viol.nce or danstic vioLn@ paniculqly viohre 

@min.d by hush€Dd, d wi6. ft. obj6riv. or th. paFr i3 ro obed€ rh. rinldo 

of d@stic violcn* as pq@iv.d by rdied wDo ed ro 6ss thet knowtedse ed 

atit*lca in d. 6ntdt of spous.l elarioBnip, h also ains to as chdgca in 

*rryI.{bc &d attibd., of Mied tu followirg d iDteFation DFgIlMe aioed ai 

qsitizing ncn leriBr dooesric yiolene. Findin$ oflhe paper show thar najonty of 

.t8

lho wonen mdd slud, 4 viclins of violon@ in mni.d lifo. It also Fvdls lhat 

mjdhy of thc soM undd sludt d nol awd of tncn ow nght ad Fltirclv lepr 

nolc dminde, Tho DoD€r 6lso stoLs thal tiowledg. aid .nnudes of mles have 

cb.ng.d b . sisniftal €r:tcnr follosiu intenation .|tnNs! ih. o!54q@1 impad 

on riolcnoe on tnen qn$ is y.t io b. a$.$ed, 

E.si! er, d. (200O hav. winen d Micle cntjtled "Donenic Viol@: A T68cdy 

behind dc D@r'. 11. cljctive of tlie anich n to cxploF tle psd@e' tyF, 

fF46cy dd 6es of dodqstio mqilll vioL@ dons Tutish woncn in a siG 

@nodically ddeloFit D.boDolitu elting, Fildi4s of fi. study gsR rhat domcslic 

viol.nce t i.rhicnur signifimlly assht d with .du€rio..l ld.l. It dar6 |h!t 

illilcdte wdeo d dre vidibs of Mit l ahue 2.6 timcs boE tnm uirdsity or moE 

€duLd woma. But no rignincad Elalionsl p ir obe*.d b.t*@ dor6tjc mtir.l 

vidd@ md wdds a8e or @up!tio4 6sitd dualid or fmily ir@mc. B6id6, it 

sho*s lhlr rh. nd frqGntly R{otud r}!. of violcM in Tut y b physi6l, follo*rd 

by psycnobSic.l. lt lLso $c!e6G giling oor impotu* oi .d!cr1hg girh s ! key 

@nponot of pd.nring domGdc viol.@_ 

Mv.d e{t P.e! {root hw. win n 6 .nicL .ntided "F!fu assidcd wirh 

spous' Phydol viol{L@ asainst WoDeD in Begladesh", 11 explorcs ficroE as@ided 

wilh dobBlic violcM ir urbo ad 'ul Beglad6t. ll Evqls dEt in borh anbdtial 

e5 do*ry or oln?. doneds i. nMiagc .od a history ol.buse of r!. husbods 

moth.r by his r.lba iaclw thc rtl of violdc., ln.@ bener spoel @nm6i6do 

and huband's educ.tion bcyond th. r.nrh sode da!!& thc iisk ofviolcne. u also 

sLcs thar in ln? urte e4 woM d ,ougcr tta thcir nubed lrd thct FnjciF& 

in $vings sd crcdit grouDs, due io whicn dF rish of abue inott.s. B.side3, ir hold5 

tlc rj tha! hubandt cnuetion beymd dc sixlb sEd. ha . poGcriv. cilccr 

RrLetr OolX) b6 *ritrn & lrriclc alitLd Plruhn Koo Ndi Nnjabn KoE: 

Pr@holito Pudshatlo tlhaoE BiniM,' lwlry M.n Orpd Wonq: Rdorulrucrion 

of thc clrepr of Mlnhoodl. It sLl4 lha nsy of rhe F&ns nunN ! nrgdite 

lendency of viol€ne osailn women in den nind. Bur lhis is nor &e ro then inr.ml 

fulti and f.ilures dhs ir is devcloFd lion rh. s@iery ir$li Ir .ls staios thal 

p6uirEhy wnn ill D.!itis, @nony dd coltur oatls a @@pt of @ulinity vnioh 

l9

Ni*s n.n to b. oppre$u ad lhis image is sdncd Dcccsarv supPon film fuilv' 

si.ty ed slo& Lwl nE article dlys is dd oua of 6e prcEiliDg @Mpt of 

neulinit dd ale sho*s how rhis coMpl nure ncn violefl tovods tudcn. 

ma c@i arjAei viobrce asai8t VuEn 2tM6 .onqi|.d bv Ain O S4lb, xanhr 

lils'D 

(2007) m o6ncd vil! daL EsadinB viohc agai61 ddncsric @ft€r, 

violence jdisat.d by /.&/ (Elisio6 wdicD, Epc, &id b@, doncstic violcDce artd 

dorry Flar€d violcntu. It is oompilcd on ihe b6is of thc reports publishcd in difiere.t 

naliond nespapcE in ilE omsncd t@, 

J.b.! (200n h6 wnfid e alticL .nrid.d "viol@ a!!in! Vmen in Bdghtksn: 

A. Owiew of C.Bc! and Consdsoces"- Tte atlicle EEls thal vido6 4rin5l 

wodcn hd a widc ranB! of conseqrcnces - non thc s@hl ed oonodic 10 phvsical 

dd D6y.holosiql. l)E mIs of violcre dd 6ciod loding io its arPml incl!,s 

d huldple dd @mDlist4d lr ste d.l viol@ aSriEl @6d in Bmakd6i it 

ldg.ly stuctml dd s:ysrmlic plobl.m. ft ale id.ntinss lne 6croN etiribul.d ro the 

ircrc60 ofwhedbility ofwonm io male violeM d patd@nx sooio.cultual nom, 

EliSios pdicci Glrily slrDtu ed fahily altitldc, silcM or Nno md violeDt 

An anicle enlidsd "ldms, cles ed linpell ofviohre sgaiDsi woncn it Rual 

Bdlghddn' Mittctr by l3nutr 0007) .id .l ltrc sludy of 6ost brul:l 9!4 of 

violo@ agai.sr RWr &d tne flin sug and inpats of de tt1cs of violmc 'n 

lhc 6t n of 06l D$sl.d.sh. It Fsts lhrr my t td or violm. MU it wmd\ 

lifo, some of which ie tbe mosl bruul sucn a c&ly rsftidge, npc, do!ry related 

violHcE acid de{nu. tafrckins ctc, B.sid6, it sho*s lho factoF ehich co.hibDlc to 

rh. rbming in@ n! thc nr. of violol ets t€rN. woma iD Bdcltdesl', in .rtcr 

wordl, ro lh. cucnt situator ofvomm ir Bdgl.dcst. Thc 6cro6 c.using bot l ItT€s 

ol violeDoe a€rinsr qo,nm inolud. iu.nalalily, Ffiel of tonsfio mlotion, Eniel of 

mffiiase popoel, l6d dnpde, foDily disput , Efusl of sx, povdty, illilcmly, l&k 

of r*e.6s sial DDblc6, sid iMuiry, nodl dcgddtio &d valuc d.pLtjo'! 

lo$ 6reb ed st os of wd in ln. @i.ty, dlc doniMc in si.ty erc lt ale 

st les l!,t violenoe lgliNt wonen hs shod ed lonS l.n impet on thcir phvsiql ard 

m.nrrl h@hn- ft not on Ly afccLs womh\ dn lile ed produclivitv bul al$ afi*ts then

childM Md othd flmilv ncmbeB, lt id€ ines enc phvsql sd psvchologicrl 

synproFs gwialed $nh yioleo6 .8dn61 Nond which inchde l€mpMtv dis$lcd' 

Dc@nt dieblc4 p.lvic h&ctio, chMic Filq sl@p di$de' dcp6io!, Fa@ 

Todrqu. $d R aqlc (2007) h.v. DEp€rd a ttgdh p+cr Hlilled Dod'it 

Vi"IzE. tSai6t tforEt IE Ibtedt@ a'.t InPli.diw lo G.ter Rze@. 

,,t/o.aro, Dsirs datl foo a s@y ol Bosladdhi househoLds wnich .xpld th. 

dccminuLs oI donestic viold@ agsind wons s ftll 6 ils imPlicatio6 ror lh. 

'ts{)llB.lloc.r.d 

Io *m... Thc fudinlr oflh. EsaFh sal th.r hjshm ed@lion 

of wnm od rnar of tncn hGbdds sd h.f.r si@dobic thbt ol hoeholds 4 

tuid in Edwing Oc rilk of dold*, whiL! cdl'ary lo sen€.al p.ft.ltidE wonen 3 

invotrcm.nl in in@mc sdeBling activiliB ud pdicipalion in NGO plogtames do 

mlhlvc $y snnile enels. wbcn @u@ allea|.d ro wonm vith od {ilhout lhc 

.xpcri 6 of doftslic violoc6 e @p!Ed m shrislically sierifi@. dif.dne 

bene@n the mm c.lories oDswed by lhc two sroups cd be found tlowcver. lhcc is 

Bbusl cvidd* of wohd subj@l lo domeslic violcncc @ivi.g siSnifimlly lowcr 

calori6 frqn rhc pEft*rcd food ircN ruch .i fish. na! .88s, dnnkr ard dniry 

p,!duc. Furl[€dor, lhis srcuD of wD.n is alldtcd tig,nEody lw.r d@15 or 

houshold food ud ron"f@d exD€nsos .omp@d to fi.n @uErplds vho do nol rcpon 

don.ltic viol@ acoinsl tim. 

Thc.nicle olilled 'BauEd Bodics md SnafieGd Minds: violqcc st.inst won n in 

Brnglad$h" srin ! by w.!ed dd Dhdym (200t) shows $ar d 

fm of violde ft Deul@ of donGtic violcte is Nsncr in 'ml a6 of 

Begl.{t6h tbo b ul's atg.. lt Evols ll,r lh. tleDs fq tuch viol.n@ e lrivial 

which inchdd qwliorins oflh€ hlsbond, f!il@ 10 p.rfod hoehold woik dd dE 

of childten, endio,'Fblcns, sr.5ung, @6sl to brin! dosry, elo. AMrdinC to $c 

adicL thc faar@ @i.{.d wiih vaol.re @ ttc !3. of *onet! agc of hBb€t4 p.st 

dpG!rc to hDilhl vk'Lnc., od l&l of spowl @oosi€toD Il .l5o sl,les 6,t lh. 

dajority of obusd women renain silcnl about their dpericrce duo to mmy €lsons 

wnich include hish .!..pLrc of violen@ qnnit si.tv, fd of Eptfsion, 

ladi{ins b6ily honor ed @n Eporatio., i@paldint8 childEn\ fun&, ed la.k or

d rlteoDliv. d4 io sLy. It asrls dst high t@ptabilily of viol@ within @i.rv 

aols 6 a dcl.Ml fd lcsal '!dr.ss. It ako suse$s efetive slrat Si.t fd lne tdenlion 

25 LESSONS FROM LITERATI'II,T RE}'IEW 

The rboE lil.'allB skp ln.t violag rgljr5l Mied w@! ir . FldEt of $id, 

c'i@|. Elisiou ad F.ditidDl wl@, It cually @m DN in nr.l aB lh$ 

'r 

urbd es- Edualio, powny dd pdor qposw to fdilhl viol@ ploy inpotul 

Flc s f.clo6 of vioLcr@ asaiNl ndicd {@en.It is found lhot phvsial viol4@ 

del€@ with the irc'€e of .duc.lioD of tumd Aesid6, vioLn@ ral€ as.inst 

Micd {odd in lddls &Dily b hislq cmpdFd Mlh dc ldit p6ss€d *ilh 

l.nd. But th. von6 vbo ed lhmush Dhlsic.l lalqr, in tpii! ol hd @mic rlc e 

oDflBd morc $e h@s4i$. Violae tsaiDs ffiicd womd b swdllv 

oommitr.d t/y hNb€.d du to f.ilw of p€rf(miDs hoehold duti6 in tinc, 

oahdjustn nt *ilh in"laws, nahins hindts* on the uy oI husbsdl adulEry .lc 

Wono Sq.nlly @ nol lve of l,lcn ighs d a nllM bcing dd p€siYelv @.pt 

fi.n domi tion. Mnlcs e influcn .d by tne @ncepl of meulinity CbM uder 

Dati&lal sy$.n whicn 6isG thcn 1o ploy l[ bL of oPp|t$, MaL al$ f.is 

$#on fd thit ok am f.bily, c.@sity 6 *€ll s sE ld.l. Bcirs !w of Mt 

Dosilion in sicry mr a,bosd vom.n mdn sile.t alo|n th.ii sfdin!: in {a of 

r.pcrcusioD, dcsBdati( of fanily hoour {d om Epuladon, !s w.ll 6 jeopddy of 

childrnt futurc under l@kiDe ol in altomotiv. plae 1o sy. 

42

CHAPTER.3 

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In c{rryinB olt rcsshor, vh.ti4lh., uc in lhc Physi@l or s@i.l fi.ld daling qnh 

phtsic{ q sid phdon@ MPdiwly, lnc v.y of iwcadltrioo @lledon of 

Elcvut dd. and ils aDpDprht i'ir.AElrtid h qicd out in . tp-incd dd slt 

nEDq, i,e, rcthodololy, which Fft6 !o thc prelis dd Lchtiq!6 ulcd to 8rthd, 

D|as!, tuipula& ard irt ipt ! iDfomrrion that 6 d.n bc u..d t

The explohlory sfidy lemiLs !o d.fin ftseh pnblem dd fomul.lc hy?ode*s 

moE !@uatet, I! also €robLs to ch@e thc nost $ihble lech.iqu* lor $. rts@h 

ard 10 d..ido on tlE questios nsr in tucd of €ophdis dd detril.d iNcdigltia e 

rcl s n my .Ln ro pMlal dimd[i.r sinvii6 ad a@ of BisriM- 

In thc p@fi sndy |n@ b r Gforl to dploE dd disve tl|c Ed pic$E of 

no*nold qis in Bdelad6h @iety wiln Sccial EGme lo iolct@ lgairsl mdied 

3.2 LOCALE OT TH! STUDY 

For lhe P|*nr sudy tN vilhCls Mcly Sontlt@ dd Rupakn&. of Rovgonj uFzila 

of sidjrrnj didcr of .dn m Bdsl.d6h ha bd el6Ld. 

3.2.1 RrdoDrle of Srlelio, of lh. Study A@ 

Acording 10 vdious n.:rcp6pq r.porL violeD@ a8linsl voms i5 hiSns it noi.'red 

parr th.n in olhcr dG of Boslad.sh. Blt lhc n@b€r ofEs*h rlrt d lo $e marE s 

tw. Tn cfotc, Son.Lhm snd Rlp.khed vilhg€ ud.r RotSuj uP&ih of Sinjgej 

dis$ict from enh€n palt of dE @ulry hs b€ elc.ied purPoslv Agliii,llc trc 

vills6 oda dE sdy Epc.t tlE Ml cn@fii$ic fan|g of BDgltd6h dd $. 

litcdcy nc of dE vnhs6 is low @p.Ed ro odet .t6 of Sidjgej dislticl 

(SoMlher 37.1% md Rupr*h@ 46,38%) 

3.2,2 Brief Descriptior of Daogl.dcsh 

With & .ro ol l, 41 570 sq. kn. B&daddn is siniabd it rh. 6lcn pdr oa th. soulh 

Asi! t r@n 2d 14' old 26038'nonn htnodc.rd 8trol'and 92! 4t' ctn lo@ind. 

(BBs, 199:3), h h bodcrd by ln

divisir is Iurth.r lut-divi{tcd irlo dblricG, thc nmb€r ol which b 64. E&n dislrlct i3 

!s.i! $Hividod idlo ! nunbq of 4dil6. llc truba of ry@'?6 b tobl is 4Al. 

r! 

MrFr 

Study Area

3.23 Bricf Dd.riptiotr of Si.dg$j Dltttic. 

sidjsdj is od oflhc 16 distict! of qj$.hi diviri@ lt qs &mclv . ebiivisid of 

Pab@ disttict. It ts bde tult-fledgcd ditolct s o pan of up'8Fdlton pD8'.@c of 

$bnitisio$ to dirEiot. lt rc nd.d Sidsr4i .fralh. !@ ofsidjddowL' lb hn 

iid.p.ldal N.r$ of Bdstr Sntjluj i! bqdd d d. m!6 W Boen distitl' 6 

dE d ht Trtdl &d r'&trikstnj ditlidJ, @ dc eldt b, M&t8 j ed Prbu 

disric|addrh.rsityN .c6dBo!.dislrictt-Ir6$i!8of 9wszilam.lv' 

B.lla&hi, Ch.uhdl, l(ln *h.4d4 K@lpu, Rovslnj, Sillj.dpu' SiFjeltj Sadd. 

T.Esn an

Mrp2

3.2,4 Descriptiotr of Roye8nj Uprzilt 

Roysdj, th. foutlh sell61 ugeziL of Siajsej djllrid in Esper of !g o4e inb 

cnreM in l9(x). It is lo(M lhit in thc Fn lh@ liv.d t zd",it&t ofRry fab v *no 

c$blLb.d . tldi.s dt r DdhS 8al4 in rh. ptEst pl@ of rhc uFzi|. 

nddqun B lr @srwre of wnich thc uFzil. b@ft tlom a Royedj The 

upeila b bou.lcd on the nortn by ShcQu dd Dhuot upeiL ofBogrd disEicl @ lhe 

ed by Sirajldj stdar ed Kmdtlmd. upuils, o. lh. $!lh bv Ullopld dd 

Kad.rljurd! up.zils dd on the wer by Tmsh upzih lt @Dtint of ! total 2?0 

viudgca ulld 9 uions. It @pict s @ of 267.83 sq. ls. Its td.l popdano is 

2!'1522 Mtlal17574 t d F@1c12948). Tne n@b.r of d*.llin8 hoehold of the 

upeih i5 5E,lOt Tle lired.t alc (?t s) of the upuila is 31.J8% fd both srcs' 

40-53% fd natc .rd 10.25% for f@1. (BBS, 2005b: 23). 

M!p-3 

49

3.2.5 D$crlption orsoorlhar! and Ruprldari villagc 

Amrdins lo th. Cenes rcDon 2001, thc &. of Sonathe viU.8. is 265 a@s. The 

bbl nsh.r ofhou&hold in (he aiuas. is l7l ard, ii5 lolnl toplltion ii 630 (Mde336 

dd Fd.k-3.14) (BBs, 2005b: 72). AndB thc lotal loFlarion dE aMba or Mlslids 

b 622, *hik dc ruber of Hiods is 58 {BES, 2005b: 33?).ftc nmbd of Dalc (lO+ 

y.s) of tha villssc is 503, ol lhcm I l9 e nol so dng dd ? @ l@king for work 

Bcsides majority @ eiLher cnsrsed nr household work or asticuliuc. There e a few 

tnspon worl@s, busins sd indlsry work r dd efrice holdeN also. The nuber of 

r.m.le il01 yc6) is 25,, ofwnich 172 & mMie4 14 widows, I7 divorc.d md the re$ 

54 is mdi.d Gas, 2m5b: 146). Thc ln@y @ (7+ r€c) of thc vilhB. is 3?.19 % 

lor both sxci l9-?9/. for nal€ .nd 34.63% ao fon rd €Bs, 200Jb: ?2). 

On thc oth.r h.(t, rh€ @ of RupdEe viLse is 350 acFs, Ih. lohl nmbd ol 

hoEhdd in lhc viuaec ls 297. The lol.l population is 1290 (lvlale-656 dd !ende.6l4) 

(BB$ 200tb: 72). Ahde l!. to&l lopul.rio! lhc nuber ofMuslins iJ 1202, vhilc drc 

nmba oi Hinds is 88 (BBs, 2005b: 337). The lmbd oa malc (llF ys4) of lh. 

vnrrsc is 98?, oftnd :133 e d rottins od 1l e lsking ftt mrt (BBS, 200t6i 

222). tuuong lhc G! bajdity e cnggcd cnnd jn asriculba or hoEhorc wotL 

Tn@ d sofrc l'eslon Nork6 dd busiM al$. fte numbcr of fcmale (lO+ 

y€m) ollhc vill4c is 433, oa wbioh 3 l9 s nmicd, 6 Nidows, 29 divoMd !.d th. €sr 

129 is lnmarid (BBS, 2005bi l4!), Thc lnoey El€ (7+ yc6) of 6c vill.ge is 1!38% 

for botn s&s, 5l,86% fc mlc dd 40.30',,6 for femal€ (DBS, 2005b: 72). 

But b d.

ft is nc.d.d ro Mrion l@ d.l dF dlb ofiltl two above ndlioD'd viU46 @lle€d 

d1mgh n.ld sw.y by lh. rctuh.t h.6clf h6 b*n l'I4 vrlid for tlE sel6tim of 

u.iv.N 6nd !mpl. in dF presenl 5t!dy. 

3.3 UNII'EIISE 

In sihpL legu€F ! Fi\@ Dav b. dcf!.d s ' @tl4rion of p'MN d objels q 

c@|3 

'r which. p.Mn is afi.ntiv.. tt th. ficld of |tsdh n i sd lo d'mie lh' 

agSrcsric ton which ilE snph k cho*n Actuur, 'n i lnc th@rEri6l sd 

hrlothetioal 4grcgdion oI all elen Drs' s dcnncd foi s sivet sudcv" (Batrbie' 1979: 

166)- ln o$.r words, " il is tn. whoL Popllalion, out of shioh smpL is sl@led" (Rtj' 

19961242). h dific6 in @b |!3.eh Flving upd d' dt@ ed tvP€ of infomdi@ 

For tt. Ddsl sludv .l fie howhol& of sdrnm dd RuDa*hd lillaa6 udtr 

Ro)g.nJ urcih ol siajsdj disi.t ol Banlladesh hs bc'n *lal.d 6 ui\s* 

purposly, th. nmb ofwhicn is 656 hous'holdi 

3.4 SAMPLTNG PROCEDIJRE 

smplins is lh. n lhod of slelins for 3tudv portion or lhc miv@ wio! liN Io 

' ' 

dr* @.olusion abour tne unirete, I b lh' Pltss of choosin8 lh' Es@h unill or 

rhe r.rgel potuhnon, lhicn N b b. inctud.d it the studv " (saonrakc' 1993: 125) 

IE smoh hG b..n slect{t $orh tyslcm'tic smDling F*dur' in Bhrcn *ry kLlr 

it n (..s..vcry Lnlh ilem) it el.ct d in a lid r€lllsling ' popuLlim ot t statum 

Gmvdrcl, 1992: lzt h o$( s.41 ir iNolvlt tudomlv sl@tins rle tun 

iDd'v'du.l f]m $c lisi thd subFqwntlv individuls d 'v'rv fB'i inktl (Jar) ttd 

td.2000: 512) 

As stdhd eli.r ! total ol6t6 hou5oholds fso two villasts, RuPakhu od Sonlknd 

dds Si6jrej dicicit ofBdslod6h n v' h'o iatcn pt4osqly s ln' uit.E ofrhc 

sbdy. Th.n tov. no$holds non dE rwo itltge hi* hc'n eletcd 6 smple in a 

slBieturic s, by nas of smplins ft 'lid oanod w' |dtow *hc! dlc wplng 

iractun ndhod (sFboli4n bv t) is .ntlqd, smpl6 !E &'w ns o splins 

5t

F.@ on lhc bsis oflho smpling A.crio dt is .qutl io N'L sh'd N i5 tnc rub€r or 

uits in thc is8.l Popo!,lio., 

od n ih. nuob€r of uirs of lh' sph Thq ! n@bcr 

betw*n O sd k t el.cted hndomlv dd lhcn lll numbers b'twccn 0 ed N lhot Esult 

lio6 oddiDs k lo ihis Bndon nmtd e el4l€d. This Prdcss is tcp"l'd ulil N is 

twh.n. Thcn lh. @er o tlE ldPlin! ft.d lntr @Glpond to lh' rab'6llwn 

sboE & idolifcd ud.l laltd@ llG @Gspod to dE dpondq ! !o lE irclud'd 

in rh. sDL, Fq rlk p6nl sludv 0E t!.8ct populotim i5 556 hoehold' dd thc 

iniended smPlc siz is 50% of lnc t rsd poPuLlion i'e 123 hou$holds nac rhc 

smpl€ ldtion I is 2 (li56/128) For thc pEsnt sludv sinc' k'2 lhc tsdom nunb'r N 

het@erOod2 lr&eruddnuntcrk2undslhesituaion,lhonuoh'6@2'4(ir' 

2+2), 6 (i.., 4+2), S (i. e'2). lO (i., 8+2) - -- 656 (it 6J4+2) h $'s mv g 

roral of 128 h@sholdr of Sonal]nd sd Rup!t!d' vilhg6 nsrc b€t idodn'd s 

smDt. vhich Epss.ls lh. shol. hit* of lnc andv 

3.5 SAMPLE SIZ]I 

Our ofroial poplhlid o1656 housnok+ 328 hoGholds htv' bcc' sclecr'd 6 dpl' 

dd a sni..l wolm {$tD ss ssihbL 6rn) of act! ho@hold hE b€€n |,ro d 

3.6 METHOD OF THE STUDY 

Fd ln. ocenl stldv priBtilv si.t wcv ndnod hs bdn sdopEd Phich Ef6 ro'b 

dlt dldriotr tahniqk dar sk qu.gioB of ' supt' of nspondcn$ Sde6llv tl a 

sinsb poid in time eidrd with ! s.li{dniniseEd qu'stidaiE d a inl€nie*d 

(Bailey, 1982:85), It is ! @penlirc studv of ! cual *id ProbLm, situlion or 

population within dr,-'dle seog.phi6l lDils odinairv wirh lm' onrem for a 

consLuctiv. plosrmoe ol wial r.lm 'nd @'lioFdo' (Co'd' 1961: 2s0) h ' 

$fl.y t.s.eh, d!L is @n.cr.d fron .!l o. palt of a popllalio' ro .s lle Elttit 

incid.n@, dinriburio &d 'ni.Gt ide of Dt!6lt o(rMi4 ph'no@t ((qliiga' 

lo31: 2ll). tn sicl ri.Ms tu@v dB for ds) Purpo$r' "A sum' d'v b< 

oissiscd simply by a ne.d ror adninisldliv' facB on sne sF ts of public lire' or b' 

52

d€tiFen ro inrcnig.L sft ilN4fr..t Etad@sniP or ro thow fi6h lighl @ $n' 

asrei of$iologh.l dmry'(Moei sd K.llo., l9?3: l) 

Suvcy hd b..n s.ldcd as th. nethod of th. presnt snrdv followiog cdbin advslales 

of ir (Bl&k dd Chmpion, 19?61 86). Oul of whicn lw e th. nod inportanl it lhe 

prenr 4. FiFrl, sw€y 6 " ndnod p.mil3 rhe uese of a vd.rv of dab olelins 

rehniquB .r . iift. Th@fd., &b @lleLd lhbusn s rdhniqrc @ bc vaifi'n bv the 

orncr, *hich Esultt in onp@tivdy n@ @'@ie d,b sdndlv' wilt the help or E 

nethod dilIcrcnt 6p.cls .f utt oM sio_.co@nic problen @n' lo lighl AboYe dl' 

sudcy de$on nclps a r.smh€r to cono In dsl oo.tact *ilh thc Fople liofr vhon 

he collell tlr dai. lhrougn wnioh th. D.w tacls of lif. m h. *nown As the prcsnl 

study is qplodtory it Ftrq n nds @er.L drb in oN hsd a w'll a wmts lo 

ml@ hi{rd.n f..ts t t'ind r[. pr.bld on lhc od.r whicl sufttv qn lrdide Fop'rlv 

In oddirion lo sudcv c*€ studv nerhod hls been us.d in tne prcsent siudv A cG stldv 

is in thc {ord5 of Youqr "o @nprh.nsivc atudv ofa wial unir h' thd unit ' p€sn' 

a srup, r sdill ill1itulio, a disrn4 6 a comuitv" (Yomr, 19?5:24?) fie ce 

sludy tpoMh i5 plniculrlv lPpopti.i. fot individutl es@hc' bd@ n givd e 

opporruniry ad om .9cct ofa Pbbld !o h. sMicd i! se dtprh silhin a [nicd rin' 

s|. (Ecll, l99l r?). Gtmtly ce sludv 8ivcs ! uillrv ohd.cLr of lhc &Is beins 

sludie

int rid.r skr dE questiotrs tud th.n tsds lh. $MF him$lt n b . qss'iomanc 

fiUcd ou by th. int.dicwcr, itndd ofth. Espoid.id'(Bhushta l99l:149) 

IdFid-$hcdule ha b@ @Ni&ad s t $ir.ble @ s it en6 ln. folldane t*t 

puaoes, which @ .snliol for &r! @lldio ollhc pt€sl sludv Fitnlv' il * help 

in .slablishibg Eppon wirn lh. EsDondcnB A.d sco.dly, bv this khniquc it is '!s, to 

.xplain lhe noings .nrL rmov. nkundcrsLndings, virict nav d.v.lop, 

ft. inr.dicw-shedule wlict h6 bdn .pPlicd for the pEse studv includ'r bolh opm 

ed cl@ .n&d qEciaos. 

3.8 PRE-TESTING 

PE-lding of inlldis' rlEdul. or q*stimaiF is dsnrial lor lh' purPos or 

v.li&tion i. lms of piEtidl e. It is ih. pre-tqDisilc of dlla otleiion, vhioh s&u 

lo "a slEt€c, @nmended pncdurc i! suflcv lw@h in which ln' iDsmn'ft n 

8ircn to rrial subj4ts' (B*d, lrr4r48o) ll is "t fiMl fial Ds ofa q!'stionnaiE prior 

b is lae. sle addinistion Th. pF l.st usullv iNol*s inleti'wing ! relariv'lv 

f.r 6po t ds ro s if th. qu.srioB wd nc.d E nion or addiri@3" (Shm" 1992: 

?lO). Actu.ll, 'th€ nm Mlktic $. pFt4! tn€ noE th' llgehd cm l'd 

'bdt 

a[ .5Frs olih. phDn€d sbdv Ple.doEs" (FosLt 1985: 104) 

For rh. pE$nl nldy l:t -Bcrvi€*{.ltdul.s o6nrd€d td rhc nFi'd roncn hlvc 

bccn pF-csted, The4 a@nting ro thc esuhs or Pr€resi,8 some qu'ltioN of lhc 

inlcdicw enedule hate heeD hodifi.d atd ddged ed th6 lbe Iintl inLryiew 

solrdul. h6 becn fomulated in ord.r to g.l valid ed r.lilbl€ Buhs 

3.9 PROCESSING OT DATA 

A0..lh. @pletio. oldah mllelid,lh. ncxr n€p of ! t€s@h is th' p@sitg of 

rh. @llelcd &lt ror onat,sis. Dtb p@sing m.d abYdtins u{ dal! i o a ebk 

b.ding fom. lt is ihu intemcdi!ry 5Lg. bdwen lhe colldidi of drt' 'nd ih'n 

an.lysis sd inleQtddn,n. It cohprisc! ofcdilibs, c.ding, clasificarion dd tabullion 

3.9.1Edltiry 

Ednins ls ih. lb1 step in presits or.6tio, which Efer ro ! pM.s ol .@inha 

rh. @ll-Ld ae &14 (6p*itlt in s@'5) 10 d.l.d €16 sd omisi@ ed to

6n4r lhs qh.n psthl. (Kothdi.1996: I5l_lt2) Tb\ u'. 

q!6lionmiE or inrdtw schedute is ro.bu. 'delemine ih' 

lnd uilomity of tnc dda 04os ad kutt, 1973: 4l l). 

T1. Ew d.t! couecr.d ld ln. pE*nr drdv hrv. beD edir.d 

3.9.2 Coditg 

Codins is ihc sod sp in p@$itg opdalion. Ir d'notes 'tn' l.'Gfodation of 

obenorioN into car.sones dd .l6tindids, 6i8!irs t oMhd o! s)mbol to eeb 

it n of infodtio or s.td of ! s1lidndq ro @bk qMlturic elri! 1o b' Mi'd 

dt $h6.ewntly" (Mats5dL l9s: I l) ln l4! "c.diry involB ts! dislh'r d'F ir' to 

d6id. on rh. olcg@ci 10 bc us.d ed o .llqL indMd!'l 6swr lo theD' The 

purpos. of coding in $oeys is 10 u.$it the 6sffi b a qlBlion i o nuinetrl 

dr.gdi.s, !o as !o biinr o rhet.Mtirl palt n'(M@ cnd Krllon l9TS:414) 

C.dins is ress.rt lor.6Li.d dlvri! h Edues sveal or{ions dd '@'h b a 

noll nsb.r of d.s TbLi ir dicws. tlsrtr nlh sjrits olLngthv quesic 

dd ms.6 Fp.ltcdlv- lt is 4rotial for dE .!"sis of qulibtirc d!t' *ih tt' h'b ol 

cdpurdr $ @per cd rol slve qudrklirc dora unlil il it trhed itno a 

quelirtriv. form. Cod'4! alo Dak6 qumlFtve dab 6it ncn44bh 

Aner $. oodtLlion oi dara collection for th. prcsc'1 sludv etch intcdicw eneduL has 

b€r gir.D ! !@.1 n@b.r ed th.n 4h qu.dion dd sb{u'stion i! lh' iLoi'v 

$h.duL hs tan dLttid ! sJmbol, which is kn@ 6 a cod' tumb'r 

3.9.3 Chsific.tiotr 

Cl6sincttion is e inplrotrt $ep in dai. ptGsing lt is "tle F*$ ol grouping th' 

stalisti€l dard u.der tMous ltd.Ehndabl. honocpteous stolps for ft purposc of 

convmi.il int.rpctalion" (S.6v.nN.l, 1921196) For 

'lNifiotion 

t uit@ilv of 

atEibdcs b.eli.l ![d $e grcuping of dlra is @nsrnd'd !@di'g lo sinilatitv' 

Cl6ifution i3 @sarv for dicifi.rl d.ra But fot th' ndoStMs &6 ir is

ClsiEcatio. is of iwo tt?.s, i-c. q@dliiiv' cl6si6cdion (bastd d wdabl6 ot 

qlority) sd qu.litalivo clNsifietion (according io fitibul's) Th' Iomer is tlE Mv or 

grcuping $. wiablct or ir othd sib' q@lifving th' vdilbl's id mhcsirc 3rcups 

.d th. lal&r is l||c wav or gopiDg rh. dlh ot lh' bt5is of airiblnd d quliriA 

Clsificalion is tundM0n|rl ro ev kind of sci?nlific d'lsis ll givts a cled id'a rboul 

tE ch@d.ridio of dtl. (B.gum, 1992: l4l) It 6cilillt6 a comp&ison bdwen 

.tifi.€nt cl.s dqt sois ed h.tp.lo pEP@ labLt 

Thc betnod of clsifictLtjd d€Fndt on $' tt?' ofdtb som' r'!€r ord'le s 6trv 

cldifi0ble *lil. fot th€ olAsincation ot ih' othd sD€citl skill is nec&d ed onlv atur 

a kn of @ful study tno d.ta @ sliLblv cl6sii'd In dploEtory sludi€s wh@ lh'rc 

is rc d6 ctBifiotor-v Drinciplc, ctsifE lion n r'dtv ptobLn'lic (Ghosh' l9E5:231)' 

In rhc pEsr( stu

3.IO METITODS OII DATA ANALYSIS 

Arlrsis of dab rcGE lo studying ol lh. rabDlated dat! in ordd lo

3.10.1 C'Ii{qu.r. 

"Chi{quc 

is o. oa th€ e@l siatiniql t chniqe3 u..d 10 l6t wlt lh.r . scl of 

sampl. €suhs is simply N cndce occufrn@ or, instad, r Eoecrioo of soncthin8 Eal 

goins on h lh. tbpulctior" (Joto$t! 1995:33).It is "d iif.F liol statisti. tcating lhe 

Dull ht?od6is of ind.F.dm t twan two wiab'6' (adar, l99l: 'u3) h is . v.ry 

a.rdl t6l dEt o b. led wh@wr * vish to.v.lo!. th.lt r d iot t!q!mi6 

vhicn tar b..n .mphicauy obbiGd difi.r sigrifiomllv foo thG Nhiqh would b. 

.xp@t n ude . ccrtlitr sct ofth€odical aumDti@s 

chi-sq@ is d.mt d by x'?dd is @puLd by dc followinS fmula: 

t {fo_f',: 

xr ' _:-*" 

fe 

fo = obs*rd o. .clul ftquffiy 

f. = Exp€ct d or lhcoeti.tr e.qudcy 

Aftcr tne applicadon of cli-squ0re lh. orlcul.led 6ult! ec @npared witn $c bbul.bd 

d.srof fiFlm. A it rlle €lcul.t n vlbD b hider the th. 6buht d v!lu. then lh. 

lull ht?o66is b Gjcned ed lh. vdtin& b olhd wdt orietual htFth6is is 

3,10.2 D€eree of Frc.don 

In od.r ro mpuic lnD yrtE ot cbi{4u@ flD . @lif,sdct ta!L,lhc numba of 

d.sr offr6d6 nus slso te troM b.t@ lh€ labl. t ed. In a otins.ncv toblq 

dcgce of nledom is ddlmined by thc followins fomul.: 

dr= (r-l)G-l) 

c - Totll nmb.r ofcolmns 

Atiq finding lhc vlnE of ll& Itbl., volu of chitquarc fot Danicul.r lev.l of 

sirnifi@e is n.,l.! dd cmpar.d vith th. alNlatcd vdu. ol chisq@ foi 0 05 level 

53

3.103 Dcgrc. of Also.irtlon 

Scr.'al *flicknt3 metuitg the d.8Fe of !$eialion betwen tun{udtbnv' 

.h@bnsdcs h,w bcn ddi$n dich @ pr n@b.rt 0E trld tt"tr*c of ttr' 

ab$lur. a@lii$ of de sizc of th. hdeiml p.rmbs.s n\' co'Ificidls m s 

C@mcicnt of lssuplio'! alE$ted bY 'o 

Cocflici.nt ofnem sqrG c@tingocy, d@ 

td.m.dht catrci.nq Phi*quN 

lh. 3vnbol 'C' 

h |ne pFcnt cudy th. dfEicnt of na sq!ft @ in8'ncv i3 C'Est nE bcn us'd 

foi odDrins th. de8rc,: of.$ooittion of @DtinS.ncv lablc of un€qu'l nu6b" of rows 

sd @lmN- Th. fomur0 for c-ter n E fou$: 

I l:- 

N+ X' 

x'{rlcllll.d rtl@ of cnisqw 

N = Cm..l tolal oflhr i..8i.al lo1lt of@lin*ncv bbl. 

3.II INTER}RETATION OF DATA 

Inrap.etrrjo @tu ant rh. Daltsis oadar! r1 Efd ro "18 tasl of drawi.g infwnes 

fm thc coll.cLd foo13 .fttr d dtlynd sd /or cxp.dndnl smdv" (Kolh.ri, 

1996:40!). It is lh. sth for lh. bo.!t t neuirg ol r.sceb fudings Thn seh hrs 

two najor 6p4l' Firslly, th@ is th. .flon !o.slabtilh @lindtv in oi.l tlgEh 

lhough linldry lhc rcs! ft, of! siv6 sbdy wid $oe of eolt6. And s$ndl, it l"ds 

ro ltc calrbtinn.nt of $m. dpldftory aefl. rnklPEc.tion it scsn d *ith 

rclaionships sifiin thc coll.ckn data, paniallv ov*lapping 6ialv!i3 sd n als extends 

h.rond th. dda of dE tMy b include rh. Eslt ol oth.r Ee:Eh, lhdv dd 

59

1otn.$s (Emory, 1976: 336) lt n lh. u vsis of Ses.lielioDs lnd rc$lrs (Ghosh' 

1985:217). 

Th.e k no clcd diYidnE [n. b.twen mlvsis od inlerDEl.rtion Thoun verv on'n 

ih.y ovdLp bll Dtualb rhcy rc inlcricFndctt Ii ore hdd ucl)Bis is nol obplete 

wirholl inLor.l,rio an! inLrptcod@ s nor pNed winour mltsit on lh' orhd 

ThdloE, inklpEbrid mdy b. @rc.iwd of d ! pan of Mllsis 

II !.y t$dch dnla is 'nminsL$ widoul mabsn ed int @rcialion nE usful"$ 

and ltilig of uadh fndinst lie in prcp.r inte4rElation. I is c$ontial 6 il t"bses |nc 

abst&t r.lation in noft: cmEle lcmt sd Ities to ufot dc Mons for lhe cnsting 

tlF ol Elllid or findings. It also EhLs lh. dpind nndhls wilh $e rnffid€l 

principL! sd tn6 h.lp6 ro drs etul inLE6 fid lh. s$dv Abov' lll it pbvidcs 

. rn@Eiot cm@lion, which str eG 6 . sui& 

ro. nd!. rc!.eh 

'"The i elDrclltion of lhe iidinSs of crploFlorv Esdch studt oft'n Esuhs inlo 

hyp.lhces for cxreiD.nlal rffiroh ond !s slch itteQretation is involved in lhe 

tusition fton crploralory rd dp.tim.ntll Bdn" Golhai, 1996: 404) 

statsricrl dan od i.f(flarid nry h. iit rpEted in wiou fom. d.p€ndita on oi' 

siz. dd rh. n.tuE of {,,b sd red of it! i.l.tPEiitim Somc @mDd fms q bdis or 

iDl.AEltion e El.li.nsbipE pFponi.n, Frmroses, a!€6g's Md 6rhd n6ud of 

h ln. pr.s.nt sludy dara hlvc b*n intcQreted it the roms of p.rc..tages, fi8ures dd

CHAPTER-4 

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 

6l

1! drb colL.r.d b! 1tE Dr!..o!sbdy I pr.$nid b tlit.!.!a.t i! lb 6iD ofthPe 

lft + co&e..d t|lLr d tg.. &rid..t o.doil h. ba !t l b dt/! tb 

dL.r.drb-ll!qsi.ddtdddd.doto6irbtL.! 

l. B..dioof-d.!Dl6 

2. Codtlorid olenflltlloy hbLl 

3. It Et/r! .f lb dd.dh t .td bd.?add .nd d.?dltd wi.!k 

thr'||lbdts qeid 

,4. Ib aodd of r&c of lllddttlp ta*s !{tl |vpo66B GIo) lod 

ridie brdldt olt tq! d.eestcec6.E 

.1 PruAI!YT,/|ITON OT DATA IN SIMII.E TAIIT,S 

tt bolk

Diltribudor olth. R.rpotrdeDts by Ag. GrouP 

(25-34) }aB 

(]t and abov4 rc 

56 

185 

81 

!28 

t1.1 

56t 

26.5 

t7,l 

56.4 

26.5 

100.0 

t7.l 

74.5 

t00.0 

Tablcr !hor. ed Fislrl h.low Fv.ds tlst od of 328 Gporda.ts l7 l% b.lM8r to 

rhc !g! lrop of (15-li ,ts, f,tEd tlF @jditv 56.'l% h.longs lo ilF .!p grup of 

(25-14) y6. Th. r.s 26.5% falb in rlE !g. lroop of(35 !d .boE) 

c& b. sid thlt mj@ty ofthe 6p.nd.nE e to@g 

Age 

Tiblel 

Iigurel 

ot$r 

($deryrf) 

'ls 

Th.EfoF n

Trble'2 

Dbhibltlob ofahc R.lpoDd.bb by Madt l St ls 

296 

t2 

3 

324 

Tlble2 rborc rd IisF2 peal thd on of 328 Espond.rB, 902% is neicc 3% is 

mmio4 2,l% is sep.rd.4 3.7% is dilot .d dd lh. 61 0.9.4 i5 widw- 

FiguG 2 

MaritalStatus 

902 

2.1 

1.1 

9 

m2 

3-0 

2,t 

3.1 

100.0 

90.2 

9t.7 

99.1 

100.0

T$lF3 

Distribution oftbe R.spondenb by Educoiior 

Hiend s@rte] dd 

65 

163 

63 

24 

t 

324 

t9.8 

5t2 

20,7 

.9 

r00.0 

r9.8 

512 

1.t 

t00.0 

l9-3 

71.0 

91,3 

99.1 

Tabl.-3 .lorc ard risoe'3 b.lq indicite th.r our of 328 lcaFnddti 19.8 7e i3 

illihrar Nhc@ lh. mljonty 51.2% h..lemcd 10 li8ir tluougn n.$.dMtion A 

Frurtlblc oonio it. 20.?96 hc @it d .duclrion uP ro Fimlrv l.vcl' wliL . sroll 

Donior, i,e, ?,1% nas nudied uD to scc@dqy LEl 8d the 61 0 9% n s studi.d up ro 

nighd @nd.ry l*l tnd abow. 

p 

EO 

Education 

Fignr 3

Tabl.'4 

Distribu.lor oflh. Rdpond.Ds by Occuprtio. 

llt 2 

t3 

324 

TsbL4 lbe dd Fislr,.4 bclow show tur oot of 328 Gloott n i majdilv i c 95.4% 

rat is no@ wi6, wholA oDly O 6% *.t it involrcd in te4hing in dE mdi'd lift' 

lte Br 4.O% vav is itrvolv.d {ld diff.Gnl @upadoN in lhen mmicd lif.' *hich 

Inchde asrioultw lab.ur, ndlh wotkd .nd enpslEs, 

Flgur.- 4 

Occupation 

66 

t00.0 

3 

4,0 

100.0 

9t.4 

100.0

Trble5 

Dbtribuloo ofthe R.lponddb by Rcligiou ldcltlav 

T.blei!bov.ddFig&-5b.lowindiqrcthaloutof 328EspmdenBhajorigi. 3r'3 

% is MaliB !d dly 16,2 % is tladu. 

Religior6 identity 

275 

128 

Flgur.- s 

61 

83.8 

162 

100,0 

81.8 

t62 

t].8 

100.0

Trble6 

Dillribdion ofth. Rdpoddcrk by lteallh CoDditio! 

9 

43 

250 

23 

l 

)24 

2.7 

l3.r 

16.2 

.9 

100.0 

2.1 

l3.l 

100.0 

2_1 

15.9 

92.r 

99.1 

l.blc6 rborc md Fis!c-6 b.lo* indide tntt oul of 328 €slondaE noth cdrdnim 

of2.?% *ad k lery !ood, l3,l% w.t is good .nd lne nijorilv ie- 762% vd i! 

sv.Eg. in th.ir nMi.d lili. TL hdllh @rdhio of f4 i€ 7% s,s/ is bld dd the En 

0.9'" {ai/ ir Ery bad i! nened lit . 

rlgure 6 

Health codition 

63

T.ble-7 

Diltribution ofthc R.tpord.lts by Ho.hnd" F-duoridr 

G6dulrion sd lbore 

107 

tJ5 

T.ble-? .bdc sd Fi8@-? b€low shw tlBl oul of328 €stondcnts, hu.bmds of 12.6 % 

B.v G iuikar, r{E€s hsh€!& of . tujq lonid i., 47.370 hadhls ldn d to 3i8n 

d.n D@ $Fugh mN cdu6tid, A$trL hustdrd of . @ultblc ponio i c l0 r/. 

hodh6 d.iv.d .d@rion up to primary l.v.l, while a !o.ll ponioA i . 5 2% h.d,ha 

sludied !D lo !@nda4, level, Th.E ls .le 2.4% Espondcnt whose hBbsd h.dhcs 

sntdied up ro hillld s.sdfiy ldcl sd ont l.8vo nad'l$ sludicd up to g$du.tjot dd 

Fi8r.e7 

Husband's edtEation 

t1 

6 

323 

69 

125 

47.t 

t0.7 

2A 

1,8 

t00,0 

12.6 

47.3 

103 

52 

24 

t.3 

32.6 

19.9 

90.5 

95.7 

9t,2

T'blF8 

Dlitriburio! of tte Re3pordc|lls by O@up.tioD of Habed ii ate dnc 

ofMrrrirgc 

Oc.uprtion ofgultn' .t 

Valid Agiclltur/A8tLcultuc 

Rjc*ilEw pullcr/V& 

Table-8 rb6v. ud IisN-8 helN Eval thal oIt of 328 Gtondent! hBband of th. 

haiodt' i,.. 83.t% wa$ ensogc! in .sicultuF at ln. lin. of mdia8.. Tn€y weF .ithe 

relqted vilh .sricrlluro 6 own r ol aslicultuBl land or worlcd a a8licuhuBl labour in 

otnqt |dd. A8dtr h6hdd ol fiw '!+ond.nb i3 ,r.096 qs .nh.r rictshaw puller or 

va pulld, *niL l-2% rc invohrd it sall h$ir6 dd 2,7/. wo*ed d carD.nt i 

Modor.., hlrbdd ol dJy 0,67' Esponddts wo.ked a $w nill lalou, 0,9/. {ts 

involv€d i. tcehing $d dothd 0.9% *!s borb€i It. Esl 5.I % f.lls in olha6 Qr.8!ry 

qhica includcs bilor, $ jover, m*hdic c trrh.l'me ofln.tmnias. 

l3 

2 

3 

't 

20 

324 

10 

83.5 

t.2 

2.1 

6.1 

t00.0 

33.5 

t,2 

2.1 

6.1 

33 

87.5 

88.? 

9t,t 

92,1 

93.0 

9).9 

100.0

trigors{ 

Occupation of husbard at the time of marriage 

1l

Valid AgticlltuE/A8rioulture 

Ricksh.e/Vd fulLl 

Ttble-9 

DbtributioD ofthe Rspotrdctrts by Pr.s.nt Occupillon ofHNbaDd 

2t3 

l6 

ll 

t3 

1 

ll 

325 

,9 

,9 

100,0 

I 

92 

49 

3A 

.9 

t00.0 

76,3 

at.2 

84.6 

33.6 

39.5 

100,0 

T!ble-9 abovc tud lh!i.-9 b.low sho* thot out of 325 Espond.nt (sh* hlsb.d arc 

aliv.), h6blnd or lh. rojonty i..67.1% is qsagtn in lgricultlE.irhs 6 ow or 

as.icultuEl ldd or s qsiculn|dl lalour, Ag.tu! nusbad off4 €podcdls i.e, 92% ir 

.ilhcr ricksh.v puuer or van pullcr, whiL 4.9/. is d3.sed it smtll busins dd 3.4% 

Norks as caDcnler. Morcovs, habard of onty 4% €pond.nt fotu 6 ew mill labour, 

0.9% i! ilvolvcd in le,:bins dd sothcr 0.9'l" is baber, Thc Fst 9.6% falh in olh.rc 

cotesory Nhich includes tdlo, s@!6, m*hdiq driver, nuczin e!0. lt Evsls lhil 

ndy of dE nusbsds' vbo s.E.n8lgcd in rsncdtE.l lh.lim. or Miag., h.v. 

chdCld th.n @uFrid raM. Ar . rcsul tE nutEr of husbard .qoscd in olhs 

72

' ngor& 9 

t,resent occupation of husband 

1!

T.bl.-10 

Dislribution of thc R.lpood.trt! by TyF of Ftnily 

T.blelo lbos .!d Fisuclo b.l@ indior. 0!r oui of 32t E3pordc ! mjodly i . 

73% h.ldu.d /b.l@ss !o nucL{ &Dily, {n @ 22% b.los.d b.loss to joiir 

f.Dily in $cii mdied lif.. 

Type ot family 

756 

374 

Fl8ur.- r0 

73.0 

22.O 

78,0 

22,0 

t00,0 

73.0

Trble-U 

Diltriburion ofrh. Rspold.rls by Ho$.noB H..d 

256 

68 

328 

78,0 

20.1 

1.2 

100,0 

7E_0 

20.1 

t.z 

100.0 

18,0 

98.? 

I00,0 

Tablel I .!ovc ed FigFl I h.lN show tl'.|

Trbl.-12 

Diltdhrtlon ofihc Rc!Pord.!t! by Numb.r of F nllv Menb.r 

Nurb.r oa F.llly Mmh.t 

v.lid (2-4) 

(l-?) 

(8-lo) 

226 

87 

I 

32E 

T.bbr2 .bdr .!d lisuFl2 b.low 3hq lh't oi of 121 6pmd@ts de Mh4 or 

f!6ily rdbo i! mjdjg ofth..{* it 6E.9% nn$s sitin (2'4), *tM fo 

26-5x lh. nMtq rtg.s vihi! (tO dd fo. 4 3% o.r!. qinin (8'10) Th' nmha or 

6nily lmhq of rbc Et OJ% c!.ndcds ir nN th& 10. 

fturF rz 

6E.9 

3 

100.0 

],lurber of fanily rne.rb€r 

68.9 

26,5 

.3 

t00.0 

68.9 

95,4 

99.7 

100.0

T.blFl3 

DbtribIdor ofth. R.lpoddts by Nrnb.r of Childrtn 

0-3) 

(4{) 

(?4) 

20 

256 

42 

2 

6_l 

743 

t2.8 

2A 

6 

t00,0 

6.1 

78.0 

l2_3 

2A 

.6 

Iq).0 

5_l 

84,1 

97,0 

99.4 

t0l,.o 

T.btel3 .torc od Frg@I, t low ildic.te tbir @1 of 328 ElPo llls,6l%hano 

chitdd, 'nr.y s .ithd wt lwt d q F.sndt B6iLs, 6. F{oid. sno g.s 

bnth to d.!d chitd d 8 c biat b child but di.d |i.Nardr h.. b&. ituludd ln this 

c.I.gay. A!!ii|' rt n6b.r of child@ of$. n.jodtt tQondclns i... 78% r&sps 

wirbid (l-D *nct% tu rmbd of dilda 61 12.8* Esp@&6t! ntrg6 silhin (.lO 

od fd 2.4% rEsrondqts tus6 wihln (7-9). T!. !Db.r ofchildM ofth. Fst 0.6% 

H@dmr! I! n@ tL4 9. 

n$r. -L] 

Numbcr of children

Trble-14 

Dktribution of thc R6po.d.!t! by NuDber of E.mhg F.nily M.mb.r 

Nobb.r ol E.nlng [tnlly 

Tlbbn4 abovc sd fieE-I4 belw indi@& dBl oul of 328 t spotd€nls lh. najdity 

i... 86% hadhs om mirs b.nb.r in dE f6 y wh.E I l% r.sDddcnt h.{'/h6 

ls .miDg bdb.6 rtrd 2.1aA hlry hG tbE @ing mmb.6. Th* it oly 0.1% 

eroodor *,no b.r fou .mins n.mb.B iD rhe fdily- 

282 

I 

324 

Flg!re_14 

86.0 

| 1.0 

2,1 

.3 

t00.0 

llrnber ot oamir! tamily fiefiber 

78 

36.0 

ll.0 

2.1 

.3 

36.0 

100.0

Tlbler5 

Dktrlbuttor of rh. R.spotrd.rts by Totd Monlbly ltrcoD. ot lh. Fluity 

Tot l Molthly bcoD. of lhe 

V.lid 4000 ik d Bclow 

(400r-7000) ( 

(?001-10000)lk. 

2ls 

96 

]I 

t28 

29.t 

t.8 

t00.0 

29,t 

3.4 

1,8 

94.3 

98.2 

100.0 

Tablcl5,borc od Fi$Fl5 bclow indi{0. daro of328 Fspddaq 1o|rl omrhry 

incomc of tlE fmily ol mjority i., 65,5% v.d is 4001) * or bclow it th.ir nmi.d life 

A8lic ih. toral mondrly in@ne of thc fmily ol 29 3% respond.nls rang.d/tdges 

wirhh (4ml-7000) rL lnd 3,4% Espon&nt! @srlvdBcs wid'd (?0Ol-10000) &. T'c 

roLl nmtnly in@e of lne finity of Es! l-3% tslonLntt wdv is $ov. | 0000 d( in 

&o 

Figure -ls 

Total mor hly income of the famiv 

Toral |Mrht h@m ot rh. Ia'dy

T!ble-16 

Dlstribrtion of t[. Rclpotrd€nts by T]?3 of Hous 

2t1 

|I2 3 

328 

TsblclT abore od IiB@n? h.low Erc.l lh.t on of 323 Estord.nts lh. Dajority ir. 

64.ry. b.d/ liv* in ld.ra housc wh.@ 34.1% liwdlires in semi-@.a houe ed 

tlE rest 0.97c livednivu! in p@a hous i, th.ir rud.d lif... 

rlg|lrel6 

Type of house 

80 

64.9 

34_l 

100.0 

64.9 

341 

lm.0 

649 

99,1

T.ble-17 

Dtutrlbutton of tbe R.spond.n& by "Whether Electicity Avrllibl. ir 

tt. Ho|l!e't 

T.bL-lt lborc and FislFI? b.low indicd. lt t out of328 Fpo.dor3 ll.l% h.dls 

.l*r.icity in $e hoBs ltc, lirc(y liv.! ii ssi.d lif., wh.M lh€ mjdilv i, 58'9% 

hld h6 no clcnicity Kd4lion iD lhdt hou&t 

E 

ta2 

226 

32t 

FIS!r._17 

3l.l 

53.9 

Whether eledrioity available in the house 

wtEtrr.r €Ldbv e&h|. h !t. hou* 

8l 

3t.t 

68.9 

100.0 

,t 

t0{,,0

T.bL-lt 

D!!tsiburior of rb. n..poDdcll! by Av.lhblc Elcctric rld Electmttc 

Goodt tr th. Itootc 

aniLbl. Ebrdc Dd El6|' llc 

Go& n tL. UDe 

' Ihe @lubn bLl " 

21 

26.5 

23 

3,9 

3,9 

r02. 

ill ,,reed dE numb.t of E$otut nB h€cau* or nulripl. rcstoD$! 

TablclS abov. lt€l! il8t out of 102 Flpondcnls (h whose hoe .lerric ed 

.L.hft s@ds weft w!lhbh), ?6.J% h.ly ha .Ldric faA 26.5% bu h6'fv N 

CD play6, 22.5% h&llG tubiL thdc, l t/a hrd ns tfrigdlto. dd eo|!s ,J% 

barrhG iM ilrn nnds, 

a2 

16.5

T.blcl9 

DistributioD ofth. R.!pood.rt! by "Wh.th!r ktri Av.ihbl. ir th€ 

Hour." 

\tr'he6.r lnrrirc Adl.bl. l. 

T.ble-I9 abor. dd FiguElS b.tov ihow that out of 328 rcsp@ddt!, ratirc vad is 

avlilable in the h@e ol 0!. n.jorig i... 93%, *htu llEin wd is @v.ilabl€ in lh. 

hosc ofotny 7% EspodaG. rll.y.id6 te $.n EbNc! o. rci8nb.ut l&ine or 

sinply w bus[y f!.ld ro dc {F puDos. 

305 

328 

FlgrE -lE 

WHher latdlF avsilable in ttE house 

ur^.dE Lh^. .un.bl. li thc hd.. 

8l 

91.0 

7,0 

t00,0 

93.0 

7.0 

100,0 

I00,0

T.bl.'2o 

Dhtdbutbo ot lb. R..pordcob by Typ. of lrtrbc 

226 

75 

305 

71.1 

u3 

IJ 

100.0 

74,1 

215 

t3 

100.0 

71.1 

9\7 

ltD.o 

T.Dlc2o OoE .nd Fisel9 t l@ |ndic.L thrr o|n of 305 tqo&dtt (i! etd. 

ht@ f.riF i! fv.irrbb), rh. Dti@ty, t..14.lxw^,! tucla lfr1c,u-69,btdltu 

mip.@ h.im ad @ry 13% htdr hrtr@ Lttifr in 6.ir iM.l. i! n. imbL 

|!.l ltali tdlt@4.d ,@ bodr OTG of bti@ b $ibtv hti*' hl dF rc.,. 

bdrIn dGrh.ordrdlggilr.hol.i!tr.sll 

rEu]}r9 

Typ€ of btrib 

u

Ttblc-21 

Dtutribution of lh. R6pood.Dt! by ..Wh.lher Source ofD.iDkirg 

Wrtcr Atrll.bl. h th. Uo|llee 

264 

328 

80.5 

19.5 

100.0 

80.5 

19,5 

100,0 

Table2l .bde Md !igE-20 b.low i.dic.L rh.t our of 328 r.spo(lerE lh. mjoriq 

i.c. 80.5% ha& ha tubc q.ll ln fi. nos, whtu dE 61 19.5% nlrv hs no sole of 

drirking ae rvtil*lo in $. hoe lird in td.ir ndicd lic. 

Figur.-20 

WtEther sowce of drir*ir€ water ar/ajlable in t 

Wh.th$.ou@ otd ilng {r.r N.rr.bro in rh€ hous. 

85 

30.5

Trblc-22 

Diltrlbullor ol th. Rspond.Db by Typc of Mrni.ge 

Table-22 lbove sd Fi8!E-2 | b.low i.didt. that out of 328 Esponddtl lhc nniage 

of lhe majoity i-.- 37.j1% was o{!cd by $cn fhilics ud the Espdd4ts htd no rclc 

b€hi mate sle.don. ll6id.s, thc hdi.3! of 1,2% @mcnc.d rnrcw! love. In olher 

words, in.e Esrdd€nrs sl@r.d 0'.n nftcs ihFugh oM choia, 8!t nmi.d hy oM 

elf dd rhcir fmilio did tror sppqr thcn d@bio. Thc Mi33c of thc Esi I L6% d$ 

clmqc.d ihbu8! bvc. But th. difiare wfth rh. pdio6 is lhar |hc ctlsmcd 

Bpondenc obnin d slpton t!4 rh.ir lmily in spit ofelelinS rh.n ndls by lhcir 

M choie ed tn. n.rinlp w* 'fu8!d br $.n aMili6. 

286 

38 

128 

Fierc-2i 

Typ6 ot Marrhg€ 

36 

47.2 

1.2 

I1.6 

100.0 

47.2 

t.2 

I t.6 

t00.0 

41.2 

33.4

Nc orM.ni*. ofn!{!!! 

TrblF2s 

Distibudor of tte R..Pond.d. by NuDbcr of Mrrrt g. of EBb'Dd 

310 

t6 

I 

328 

94.5 

.3 

.! 

100.0 

.! 

.3 

100.0 

100.0 

Tablc-23 above dd FisrF22 b.low 3how l$.t out of 328 sspondcntt husbdds of lh' 

ndjorily i,e, 94.5% w.!/ h nei.d to lh. ErPonddrl fo! lhc nd dne ltusbands of ffl 

rcspondats i3. 4.970 $d is mrhd io th. rcsponddr fd rne sod tiD'' wh€@s 

only O.l% w&d is lwicd ro {F stotdht for lh' thi'd rinc rnd m6lha 0-3% s'v is 

ndi.d ro in dpond. fa rn founn dm.. h orhd srds, it rhc li6t c& rn' 

Fspddat *a, i3 6rn via. of tFr husbo4 In tlE *@d .e 3h' mt is md *if" 

inrh. lhfil@ 5t *tv i! third siG ltxl b d,lts! ce $' rt'/ is fodn sif' ofnd 

Ftgur.-22 

Nunber of mariage of h6band 

8t

T.blF2a 

Distribudor of ifte R.lpoldclb by NuEbcr of Mrnirsc of won.n 

ltird 

lt3 8 

2 

328 

2.4 

l(x).0 

97.O 

2,4 

.6 

100,0 

100_0 

Tlble24 above .nd FiiisE-21 b.low iDdic.tc lhat oul of 128 tslondenb, ftqjoriry i. 

9?% sd is mdied 10 h.r n!$.nd fd lhc litsl tim., wncE6 2 4% wav is ndied lo 

ner husbed for th. sEDnd tin md th! Fst 0.6v. qa, is 6ri.d b net nuh€td for lh. 

thiid time. In othd *(d5, iD thc li6t c6c ihc hqbad wlt is first h6bsd or lh. 

respod.nq in $. scd @ thc hct td v., is ecdd hBbdd oflhe Eslodeft Dd 

hrt lrii ce rh. hNhdd $t b |!ird hab.d oflb. !.spo.ddt 

FlgurF23 

Numbff of maniags of r/vomen 

88

Trble-25 

Diit ib||don oflh. R..pondcrb by swhclh.r Ewblrd hd/ hrs 

Amtb.r wlfe" 

whclh.rEub. hrd^r 

Table-25 ahovc ed tsi8G-24 b.ld indiot thdoulof328t spo.dot, o.ly hubald 

of 3.2v, hldh.s.notno wift ed |iic nqjdity it. 91.87. had/ha no otkr siE d€pt 

dc spon&rl .t ih. l@ 1i@. 

Fl8ur.-24 

Whett€r hlBbard tEd/ has amther wife 

21 

301 

324 

91.8 

100,0 

Whelh€r hu.b.nd h.d/ h.. .noth.. tif. 

89 

91.8 

100.0 

100.0

T$1l'25 

Dbrrlbodo! of rh. R..pord.n6 by'Whclhcr O. M.'rLgc 

CoDD.lc.d ahn gbat don' 

llLtLro.M.Et a. 

co!..!..i ntl n derdo! 

T.6b-25 rloE dd Fig@25 b.lor rhow nlt o! of 328 r.{dda|A ih. ndt C. of 

rhc djdity ir. !O.tt6 c@c.d *i|! rcsilt lid ud ody 19.5t{ coon t d 

264 

32E 

n8rr..25 

E0.5 

t00.0 

Wh€the. the mariage cormgnc€d wilh r€gistr 

Itlblh.. rh. mrta. @||l@dd rrih r.ew.tlon 

E0.5 

l9.t 

lo0,o 

E0,5 

l@.0

T.bL-27 

Dlrtrihrrhn of.bc R€pond.r! by'Why lhc Mrrt 8. Conn.Dc.d 

wlthout n4bt' don' 

wlt li M.nl4. cEioc.d 

m!o!t X.d.hdo! 

Vdid ltindu nEi4e r.t ii BD 

li.t of @ricljA of 

T.blc27 &ow sd IigG26 bd@ ilrliob lhn oot of 64 BlotddB (*n@ 

ldi.gc @dnmqt qidsur Esil'tlid} lh. Mi.g. of 82-3!4 mraed qibcn 

Fsim:d6 B rindu iMi{e ur Fddlirg i! B.addsln dd lor Dmn Esisndd 

elilc rh. tMi.& of l?2% omdc.d wi6od Egi.rdo d* lo l&t o' 

cd4io$6 of tun P.tnrs 

Iig r.-26 

Why tlb nEr.bg. cornrtn€d wiu'Ed regbtrslbn 

9l 

53 

ll 

a2.a 

t7.2 

t00,0 

E2-E 

112 

100.0 

a.a 

tiD.o

T.blc-21 

Dirtdbotior otttc R..lood.ott by Ag. rl M.ri.g. 

Vrlid Belsl3y6 

Abov. 13 )sB 

222 

l0 

328 

t6,2 

61,7 

I3.l 

3,0 

t62 

tt.7 

l3,l 

3.0 

162 

83.8 

91.0 

100,0 

Table-23 aboE .ad IiCW-2? b.low lndicatc lhlt out of 328 Espondeots, the nmiagc 

of 16.2v, @menced s!4 thqit .!p e$ bcloq 13 yd6, whe@ lhe nmirep ofth. 

majonty i., 67,?96 @n6.n6d who ilcir .& ws l3 ro 15 v.s ACr14 th. ndirgie 

of t3-1% merc.d $ ncn ln.n .r. wB 16 to 18 ys dd lnc neitg. of onlv 3% 

cl)md.€d *lE lt.n 4c w .borc 13 tls. 

Age at marrhge 

IIgur}2T 

Be rsrD (!!t4F 

97

Tiblo.29 

Dlrtdbodorof lb.R..polddttby.|8.Dm.ft!c.b.r'..!\rfoln.n d 

Tt lr Hlrbtod 

A$ Dilbruc b.rG! 

Wo4n od r!d. ||u!.!d 

(lGl2)y.$ 

Mc.tn012ys 

T!b1ts29 rlow .d Fis!F2! b.b* show lh.l olt of 328 E+. b!r1 1ft. 4! 

difiGlt@ t twa rt'6.d tlEn burb.nd of43% wd it 0'3) Jq.t' $t.r for 

433* n w.s i! (1{) yt4 ft. 33.t% n *.J lt O-9) v.s .trd &t 15.9% n qlll! 00- 

12) ta6, TI|. .g. dittc@ b.lw@ *wn di thcir hqbld fd fic Bt 3% st i3 

n8qr}2E 

Age diftet€rce b/Uworngn end t|oh husband 

FoFn 

l'l 

t42 

t!0 

t0 

t2a 

4,3 

43.4 

lt9 

3,0 

t0{.0 

&.dfi.rE blvFM.dlh*n b.td 

4t3 

33,t 

t59 

3lt 

t00.0 

a.3 

lt.l 

n.0 

t@.0

Trbl.-30 

rrirt ibudotr of tb. RsPo!d.!t! by aAfte. Hos M.!v Y'rn of 

M.rrirg. Fint Chld w.! bortr" 

Aff.t Ew M.nt t.rB 

ol M irs. Flni CniB w 

Morc lhs 6 leds 

Tabl€-3o abore &d ri$rc-29 b.low indidl. th.l oul of 323 Estond'nt\ f6t 'hild M 

bom of ?c.2oa Gpondc n .nn (l'3) }t6 of mdi'g'. * h'Es for l3 qe'| bpondmr ir 

is (4{) yco6 ed lor 1.9% ir is moE Od 6 tts ll b ncnti@hl' tfialdad cl'ild cth' 

child di.d ju51 atur binh b rct ircludcd h.E, 

244 

58 

6 

308 

Figu'c-29 

19,2 

18.9 

t,9 

192 

t8.9 

1,9 

100.0 

Atter how marry years of nar'rage fir€t cl$ld was bom 

93.1 

100.0

T.Dlc.3l 

Dl,Hbudor of tL R..Dord.D! Dy Av.r!8. Ag. Dm.]!!c. b.reccr 

lh. chlldr.r 

M@tho 6F$ 

Trbl6!| .to* lrd Fi8!F30 b.io* ltos in dn of290 cDd|&tts (*lb hE noG 

ths @ childl edg. .r. dift.*. bctrq dnldd of t!. rujditv i3 82 4% !' O- 

3) y.ni, $lFE it i! (4-6) )ts fd 14.5% .d @E 6e 6 vaE fd 3.1'{ 

E 

T 

tt.)rn 

2t9 

42 

9 

290 

Flrurt-30 

E2.4 

14,5 

Ll 

t00.0 

asr.c. .e. rtllbnr b.ls.i h. dfirr!. 

at 

t4,t 

100.0 

ArGraoe age differerEe b€tween ttF ctildren 

(.qF hbar-r 

95 

t2t 

96,9 

100'0

Trbllc2 

Dbirlbutior of lh. R..pont ob by 'Whcthcr Do*ry r|tr, gtv.r t! 

corc.n.d M.rrlry.' 

Wt.t[.r Dor.y ru tltd || 

CoFid M.r.brc 

T.btr!2 r!ot..nl Fit@31 t l*dbsrhlr@tof 328GTo h 5' do*!vwdM 

to ttrid.gM d [o hit fm , h lh. mdt|g! of h.jfitv cpo.d.ds i,., 93 3% 

*fi.fu dosrr 6 iot siH in lh. Mi.r. ofdD 6 7% 

l06 

22 

na 

figur._31 

,3.3 

100,0 

93.3 

6.1 

100.0 

Wh€ther dowry was gi\€n in conc€rned mariage 

96 

9.3 

t0o,o

Trbl& 33 

DirlributioD ofll. R.rpoDd.!t! by I1.o ofDowry 

r nE @l@n tolil will qced tne numbd ofFsponden6 hea!& ofnuhiplc Esponss. 

frble33 aborc .!6lr tLr ou of 306 Eslondcnts (in *hoe odi.gc dory ru 

giv.,), sdy.sh ws Bim s doety in rh€ Mi.sc of hajdily i... 92.1%, whet6 

gold &/ silv.rj.v.llcry v@ giv.n in the nariag. or60.l%. Besides, ry rnd nobile 

pbo.e w@ givd in rb. 6mirg. of o9yq ldd propdly in lhe naftiagc of6.2% od 

w.tcll bicycle ed ndio w siv@ i! lh. 'Mirgc of L6%. 

Tabl}3't 

Disftibntlon oftbe RespoDdent! by "why Dowry sas nor glven ln 

Colc.rned Marfi.gc" 

Wny Dd.y nr lor giv.r itr 

Conan .l Mtn !E 

v.lid No nsd ofdowry it 

Tablc-34 ahovc .nd Fis@-32 b.lo* shos lh.r oul ol22 cpond.nts (in who$ mmii€€ 

dowry wa nor giv.n), do*ry w6 not sivcn in tne nrdi!!. of 50% Espondcnt os tnen 

bddasc onn.nc.d on lhe condiion of d q.hd8c m&riage. In this ce bride s 

brcth.r is ndicn io her sisrd.inllq. As a Eslt Do p8ry Ela&d wnh dc Deiasc 

&mad! dowry. Acsidcs, do*ry w nor sivcn in lnc nuias! of oo{h.r 50% 

97 

22 

t0.0 

50,0 

100,0 

242 

184 

1 

t9 

92.1 

t00

caon&li dE to olhq c.|6 wlkh irctud. two nt.t!6 tt lits iDhd6 llc 

crDd*rls sto s r @lt of low .6in hc rot DMi.d hy lnrclE vit[oln 

ot'r.iling &y $!!ort 6w tl*ir pG i Hcr m q6no of dowrt sivnE @.. ri 

i[. so.d @ t id.!@ Fovid.d Miig. ioc, ((oad I@) t, briL\ frlia fd 

rlE@ir8 i.iad of g.{ing.t sry, a tb. ryilor of giriDs !6i.& ndey lo ttid. 3 

tutd rc rh. cu.1o6 of{st ti@, T!i! o* b foltd io |n. ce oflnc Eryorddls 

belmg to tb. .!p group of 35 dd $ov. y6. 

rlg|lrt-32 

V\4V dowry wa3 nol livan 

98 

In cotF€rrcd mariage

valid L6s the 30,0001&, 

(10,000 , 60,0D0) lL 

MoE lhd 60,000 &. 

T.ble-35 

Distrlbraio! of thc Rcspond.nl, by ADoort of Rerdy Cah of Dowry 

224 

5l 

242 

19.4 

18.3 

1,8 

100.0 

79,4 

18.8 

LE 

loo,0 

19,4 

94,2 

T.blc3t lborc od t'i*@33 b.lN in

R{dy C.rh ofDorrr Re.lv.d 

F|ln.Fir-law^{othd-ir- 

TrblF36 

Dbtribrtio! of ate L6poodcrl! by lL.dy clsh of Dotry R.c.tvd bv 

Whor 

31 

233 

5 

2A 

l3,l 

a2.6 

2.5 

1,8 

100.0 

l!.1 

82.6 

2.5 

t.8 

t00.0 

T.bL.36 .bov. dd FiEwl4 bcld iidiolc dBt od of 282 6pot'&tB (in *hG 

mMi.sc ddy cosh ss sivcn ts doery), Fsdy c.sh of dov.y wd Ec.iv.d bv nabed 

of l3.l%, by f.thd-in-law/inodrcFin{w of ft najotig i. 826% ed bv brctha_in- 

L* of 2,5%. Bcaides 1.8% Espond.tt falls iD olt.6 .aoc8ory wnich inolud* ro&nal 

rnd Dlr.ml bcL of Ih. brid.xr@D a $. @ivd of Fdy 6h of do*ry gih al 

Flgur.-34 

R€ajy cash ol dowry r€ceived by whom 

100 

l3.l 

95.7 

98.2

T.blF37 

Diltrlbudon of ihc ltgpordetrtr by Re.dy cat of llowry E&eDded by 

rryhoD 

F.th.Finlaw^rotnq- 

T!bl.-3? lbovc md FisF35 t loe !ho* |,tr out of 282 caDordat! {id vhr 

mdias. Gady cssn ras sitn 6 dolty), sdy c6h ofdNty giv.n al th. bMiag. ws 

dp.n.kd by h6bdnd of ll.87a by f n .innaw/motns-iD-law of dic najotity i. 

80,5% sd by brc|n.Fii-la* of 2.1%, B.sid.s, L4% epond.Dt aalh in olhe6 catqory 

vhicb j!clud.5 mLml dnd DaicE l ucl. of dc brid.gmn s th..xFtdd of Pdy 

cs6 ofdo*ty riH ii hdi.se A8rir,2.l% Esporddr @ld not b..bL io infom 

elo dFn&d ddy 6b of ddty gir.i .l lwiage 

39 

227 

282 

FlgurF35 

l3-8 

80,5 

2,1 

2.1 

lo0.0 

Ready cash of dowry epended by whom 

t0l 

l3.l 

80,5 

2.1 

2.1 

t00.0 

13.3 

94.3 

96,4 

97.8 

100

TrblF3S 

Dtutribulion ofth. Rspotrd.rts by S€.to. olReady C$h ErP.diiure 

V.lid Con&hed oanaBe 

Miditgc of sistir in- 

To build or *?!ir house 

102 

36 

l5 

242 

36.2 

t4.2 

t0.3 

10.5 

5.1 

1.4 

2.1 

J6.2 

t4,2 

to,3 

30,5 

5.1 

2.1 

100.0 

Tablc-38 !bov. Md rigm-36 b.low slbw thar out of232 t spond.nts (in o* 

maniagc Fady cash vas gied ss dorty), tcady 6sh of dowry was .rp.nd.d in the 

concerned niniasc of ,6.2%, for purchdins of land of 14 2ol0, in lh. baniagc ol sisler 

ir-lav of I0.37q for buildiry or reponin! hoe of 30.5%, for reDdrin! of l@n of 5 3% 

and for oth4 @ls of l..l% which i.clud6 Fiding Gnilv ddbq i. foEisn ountrv 

.rd givils $uity noney for $dicc of fmily n.mb€r' Thc re. 2.1% ErDonddl ould 

not kll how rh. Mdr @sh ofdowry cxFded. 

Figure36 

'll1€ sector ol ready c:sh exrenditur€ 

\}**r}' 

t02 

36.2 

97.9

Trbl€-39 

Dktributlon of th€ Respond.nlr by Denand of Dowry Frllllled bv 

Whoo 

D.oid orDorry ft|nl&d hry wtoD 

t Ttu mlmn ro&l will dced Lhc nmh.r of Fspondents bdAs ot mulnpL Bponq 

TabL-39 abov. indic,t6 rn4 out of 106 EFldenb (in wh@ mdi.g. dorry s6 

Fovid.d), prcnts fulnrtd dehand of dowry of &. najoritv i c 92 3% E+ondedl, 

sibli4s of ?,5%, Flativ.s of I%, noilhbols of 137o, villcgcN of l% ond olhss or 

1.6% vhich hclud€s pi@l smdf hc! ed ntleDal wcl€ 

sourc. (liough whtuh D.nald of Dovry 

Frlfilled 

S.llirs of lard/@w/olha Soods 

BcSItinS 

TrbL_40 

Distributlon ofth. Rspoodert! by Source through Which Deomd of 

DowrY Fulliled 

. Tlrc columD taLl will excd th. nunb.! ofresDondals beoausc of nlliple rcspoNs 

Tablc-4o ahovc shoqs indicstes lhal out of 106 EDond.ntl (in *hosc DMiag€ dowry 

B sivcn), dmod oi dow.y of 48.4% @ tultuLn tnrc4l FMhrl d.psi! 16 3% 

dmusn lM, 49.1% llD!€h *llins of hndovothet goodi l 2% lhru3ll aisbE or 

0$.6 dd o-rYo rhmeh b.g:gi!g, 

t0l 

284 

2l 1 

3 

5 

306. 

92_a 

1,3 

1.0 

t48 48.4 

501 16.l 

t5l 49.1 

t6 5.2 

l.l

T.bL-41 .bov. dd Fis@3? bclow 3lw tb.l oa of50 t€{ond.n6 (in vho* mdi.g. 

t@ ws r.lcn ro fdlil lhc &m.d ofdNty),1@ ws t kcn fDn Fl.liv.! b ftlfill 

th.dchDdof do*ryitth!lwhlpol207cFspmdent lodmllk ntor NGO5 in 

rh. mmi.lp or th. najorig 

'.., 

ntdols jrr\c @ils. ot l4%, 

T.blFU 

Distribution ofthc R.|poud.nt by Sorrce ofl.{r 

NGO 

l0 

30 

! 

50 

60%, fEm idlhbous in the ndia$ of 6% dd from 

FtgurF3T 

r4 

20.0 

50.0 

14.0 

20.0 

6.0 

20.0 

30.0 

86.0 

100.0

Trbla'12 

Dhrrlbufon ofthe Re.pond.Dt t'y (WL.tter D{'wry lhn|[d.d 4ft.1 

rt.l,lrrbgr" 

Wr.n r norrr lr{r.d.d 

8 

x20 

328 

T6lo.12 .bos od n8rc38 t low .how lht o'* of 328 E.lodatr domt w 

d.o.!dod.n6 6. Dri.s. nr |[. * of 2-a* 6potda! et.6 dowrt E @a 

&n ddcd in rh. d* of djdily ir. 9.Ot. It &ti.rs . sitdd tot w dif@I nm 

rt pr{llilS @epnm Si!€ |n. F4!r |!$r!lr i5 ch&d with boBddd 6i$ .td 

vioh@ |iind vom.!, lh@f@ ile rs to s.o!€ ro mrk tuiha on li. isu. 

rhurc.38 

2t 

91n 

100.0 

2A 

91n 

100.0 

\4/Mher dowry denand€d afler tl€ rmniag€ 

105 

2t 

100.0

T.bb"ai! 

DkHbo.lon of rh. Rc{ord.ntt by "$Icrh.r ttcr. tt!fit rnv cL3} 

wlth f,ub.rd rtg|tding DorYrY' 

W!.th.r lh.r. m/i3 .!y 

6 

122 

)24 

T!blc.43 !ho* sd F4!r39 b.ls.hq tld on of 32! Gtord.trB' fi6 e.d is 

chlh with hsb$d resdditrs dotry of l.lp/6 Estoldd! wh@3 th.E wr,it m cl.s|.' 

eili h@bdd ESading dowry of9E,2% rcspond..t 

rElre 3e 

1.8 

942 

r00.0 

1,8 

942 

100.0 

Whether any clash with hlsband regardirE dowry 

t06 

1.3 

t00.0

Typ. ol R.l.tionstip efth 

Trbl+ 41 

Dntribution ofahe RdpotrdeDrt by liypc ofR€LtioNhip wlih HubDd 

190 

t28 

1.2 

284 

51.9 

t2.5 

r00.0 

t,2 

28,4 

57,9 

12,5 

r00.0 

t.2 

29.6 

T.br.-44 $ov. !d Fise4o b.loe show tlEt dt of32t BFnd.nls, lnc Eltrioslip 

of 1,2% rcspode virh th.ir husband ut i3 t.ry @dirl, wlEEa lh. Elttionship or 

28,4% w.tb codhl, the Eraionlhip ofthc msjoritv ic 579p w4r/i!jBl codial snd 

th. dlatlonshir ofiE E* 12.5% r.t i! unsrdhl i, th.ir nMied lifc 

Iigurc-ao 

Type of relatiollsfip with h6bard 

l0?

T.bb45 

Distributton of the Respordlntr by Perio.l of rntlm.tt Tdkiry b t Dly 

lo IlutblDd 

P.rtod ol fldda. T.llfi! i! r 

MoE rh& I hord- 2 hos 

TabL-45 dor. dd FigN4r t lw 3hor th.t out of 328 GFtr&.ts, l[. djdilv it- 

652% rlLd llls irdmarcly b d.ir nu$.nd in r ds,y fot hs tha I lnr, *n@ 2tl6 

r k€d,talk lor roE rhu t hou ro 2 hM ud lhe Ec 5 8% t ucd/talk for nor. tne 

2 hous to th.i husbeds ir a day it th.n hmied lifc 

TtE Peiod 

2tl 

95 

l9 

t28 

Figu.c{r 

65,2 

29,0 

5,8 

t00.0 

65.2 

29.0 

5.8 

100.0 

of ir{imate talkilE with hr'Fband 

103 

65,2 

94,2 

t00,0

Trble-46 

Dhtdbution of th. Rapond.trb by DilcBioD M.tlcr of Intibat. 

T.lkiry 

282 

21 

328 

Tad.-16 .bovc od Fisw-42 b.low EE.l rh.t our of323 qpo.d.nLt ln. mjqitv i c 

86% dbcu*rtdi*lEs Eij'ly fdilid D.n B dring ittimal. Lltins vnn th.ir 

husbDdr. wh.red 8.20l. dis.u$ed di$uses minly €cononio natt E dd only 5 3% 

disouseddiswsesman'lvronotio tcs, 

Flgute42 

86.0 

5.8 

Discr.Fsion matter of intimate talkirE 

109 

36.0 

8.2 

5.3 

t00.0 

86,0 

N,2 

r00,0

T.blo..a? 

DbldbdionbyoftL.Rdpord.trt "Wt.l}.rs.!t/gooubldcrvtth 

Hulbrd on vilie 

W!.lh.r ftltso Or bid. 

T$1.4? lhoE od Fisr!E-43 t ld 3h@ {Dt ort of32r tlslonhnl5 tL mitig i-a 

5r.5% w.n ge osid. wid ln.n h6b@d, wniL tl* Elt 485% did/do.s not go 

@rsid. * h rhcn husb{d on visn ir lh.li mMi.d life, 

I 

Ao 

169 

159 

t2a 

Fl8or."43 

wh€lhd wnUlo odid. *1lh hugb.nd 

51.5 

48.5 

t00.0 

Whether wenugo outside with husband 

110 

J!.5 

48.5 

100.0 

51,5 

100.0

Ttblc-aA 

Di.tributiotr oftL R..pord.Dtt Dy Dcgru of Gd4 Oulld. ?ith 

Hu3h[d on Ybia 

T.blc-48 lbow md Fig@-44 b.lN s..l rhd dn of 169 Gepord.nt! (*ho wdte@s 

oursid. eilh husbmd oo vkr0, ody l 8% Mtgo.s outsidc snn hr$dd Egul&t, 

rhclhq 34,9% wdtEoB ouldde fi.qucnlly and 63.3% eldoh ren/ gocs outsid. with 

E 

8o 

bsdt 

3 

59 

lo7 

169 

Egrrc-4 

D€g@ of !oin! dLld. tfih h$b..d 

1.3 

63_3 

100.0 

Degree of goirE o[nside with hrsbad 

||t 

8 

34.9 

63.1 

100.0 

1,3 

t6.1

T.bb"l9 

Dimibutlon oftbe Re6pord.nb by T'". ofR.hdo$hlp rtilt In-hw! 

Ttpe of Rcl.tlolrnlp wlth 

69 

222 

36 

!23 

.! 

2t.0 

||_0 

t00.0 

.3 

2t.0 

ll.0 

,3 

2t.) 

89.0 

100,0 

T!ble-49 lbovc md Fisq!-45 bclov show ltl1 our or 328 Bpond.nLs, lh. relalionship 

of 0.3% 6pond.nr si$ then in.h*s v.t is vay @rditl, qh.@ ihe &ldioBfiip of 

2|%sd L @rdhl, tk FLlioNhiD oflh. djqig i-e 67.?% v.t is jL51cdd dd 

th. rbrioDship oltlE En I l% v.! is uordial. 

Figure.ls 

Type of relatioFhip with in-law6 

ll2

TrbL-so 

Dlrtribrdor oftbe Rcporddt by TyF of R&ton*rip ttth Chlldru 

ryp. ol R.LfDd[lp stn 

21 

25J 

27 

I 

308 

Tl!1650 .lorc .id Figut-46 b.low ltow 6.. cn of 3oi E oddt! Oto b!. 

.hildd), tb. ELlioship of 8l% rBFnd.it wi$ |,En cnn{hn b v.rv coltli4 ln.t6 

rhc rlbtlo$hip ofdE rujoriv t,., E2,l% it codial, dF FlalioshiP of.tolhcr 8.8% ir 

jBl cddilt ed the Flationsnip ofdF tett 0,3% b u_oordid 

n$1c_46 

8.8 

a2.l 

E.3 

.3 

Type of rclelb.EHp with chlldr€n 

lt3 

E,E 

82.1 

8,8 

,l 

t(x),0 

8,8 

90.9 

99.7 

100.0

TrbL-5r 

Dbtribulior oftLe R.rpodcnb by Rol. b D.ciior M.ttlg Pmc4t of 

ahc F.DllY 

6l 

174 

Tabl€-51 !b6v. Md Fisurc4? tElow shoq lhal dt of 328 rcspondenls' 192% 

pla'€dDk s &tiv€ 6lc iD d@Lld nBtiDg p@$ of dE Imilv, wh.rca tno nijo tv 

80,8/0 playedblays i@cliv. @L it &.kion ntting pM.$ of rhe faoilv iI $.n 

ngdE-47 

Role in decision tmking process of lhe family 

Role . d.dlon nkhg Pl!€& 

I4 

19.2 

80.8 

t00.0 

ol f€ ftnit 

19.2 

80,8 

100.0 

19.2 

100-0

T.ble52 

Diltributiotr of rbe R6potrd€nt! by swhether Atlcf'pl.d ever to 

Soicid." 

Wh"li.l AtlopLd *. lo 

Toble52 .bor. ud linirE48 b.low 

attond.d to 5uicid. bol s.d !d lhc 

241 

328 

t2,5 

47,5 

100.0 

87,5 

l(x),0 

t2.5 

lo0.o 

Evcil {!i out of 328 rston&nrs, 12.57. ha 

rc3 875% n6 tri rri.d to $i.i& in Mi.d 

Figurt-'a 

Whether attefiptsd ever to suicide 

l15

Trbl.-53 

Distribulion of th. R.!po!d.rtr by 'Wh.tt.r 

CrhL" 

fic.(v fics EoGehold 

rrble53 .borc ed lijguc-49 h.low indi@L lh.t oul ol 328 Egondob, 49.79lo 

faalvfaG hNbot cnsis swly , 19.8% f.c.

tbb6a 

Dffido d6.r.4rdd. ny Mnr. of Eou.ro|d ffi 

Hdl6 

It hndEflSqt 

2t5 

ll5 26 

IE 

t. 

.lboobthhiu.cc..dri.dorE od.dldrofbruaLrqdB 

9{J 

|l.l 

tl,l 

7,9 

T.blFs4 ftolJl rtor rh. dt or?21 Eaddat (r,b O..dbd [d!.$old crtdt h 

|!-i.d ll$I 93% O..iln 6 @i. ..i'ir rtft.. lll'i A..dl&.6 ..liurh.d 

dnr ll.ax&/tcrt tlat |!d uta bd/i.d ellv qtia 

ll7

Trble55 

Dittribution of the Rdpotrd.nt by Rol. of Eu.brd rsd.r Ho$ehold 

Cii!tu trced by lvom.r 

fio6cno|d Crbt! li(.d by 

synp*h.tic bu f.il.d 

T6blc-55 .bo!c tud FisuG-5o bclov ,t@l rh.r olr of 228 rcstonddrs (Nlo f!€d/ 

fa€ nou*hold crisis in Mi.n fiftI husb.ld of 15.3% w&t is lcirc u&r dE 

houschold crirh faced by Nifc vh.r6 nubdd of lh. dajorily i,e,51,9%*61 is 

i@iiv. .nd hsbel 0426,8% raMs synFlh.tic blt fail.ri lo shc lh. ciish. 

J" 

t32 

FlgurFso 

Role ol husband underhousehold crisis fec€d 

ld. qad*Mrd 

Roborhrb€nduld.rhd!€hddod.bE.d!,w* 

6l 

228 

ll3 

153 

519 

26.8 

l!0,0 

t5., 

579 

26,8 

100,0 

lt,3 

13,2 

100,0

Trble-56 

Dbldbutlon of rhe Respond.nts by Cluse of Ho$€hold Crisis 

CroK ol Hout.hoH CrLl! 

Drus dd $nbl. addiction ofhcblnd 

lrl of ebitid ofhusbald 

DisinlcEst ofhusbond 0o chdg. dclp.tion 

lauh-findi4 ch@ter of husbdd 

Excs kxul desn€ of husbed 

DiftMe in ftnral s€t up of hcb8nd 6d wife 

Avai€ ofhwbud lnd in-laws 

Con$ ativc nenrality of innaws'fmily 

T.bl.-56 .bow snoNs fiat our of 228 EsDordcn6 (sho rac..va@s ho@hold dkis in 

muicd life).18,47e hlve nodon d indoLrce ofnuband a lhc cr8 of nowhold 

crisjs, whcF.s 5.3% nrhtion n dog dd gmhl€ .ddiction of husblnd, l3,l% blades 

lsk of Mbition of huibdd dd 482% blm$ disinteresl of husbdd b cnds. his 

Mupation. B.sid.r, 6.1% h.rc notion.n .dlllay of h6ba4 43% siv6 inporta,€ 

on tm!.m.nr or hrsldd, 19.?v. bla6 &un-fbding cnmd.r of husbord dd 9.27' 

blm.! es s!.1 ilcair of hlrbrnd fo. hos€not crish. TlrcE is al$ ,12.1% 

EsDond.Dr slb believes thal difiircDe in mnlll et-up b.nvccr hlsbud od Nife is 

Espodiblc foi nowhttd .dsis whilc 22,8% think morc Nnbe ot .indre ,2.2vo 

lhinks illna$ ol husb{d hd 1.3% lhinlc illre$ or wirc h r.sponsiblo for it. A8ain, 

1.5% blan.s !vui@ ofhsbsd dd in-hvs ed 6.170 bldcs @neoative mentalia of 

in-ras' nnil, for hous.nold crisis. 

42 

l2 

30 

!t0 

98 

2l 

5 

l 

3 

t4 

224. 

t Th. (olMn.o!lw,ll d@d Lhc nmb.rolE onddrs he.us of multipl. ElpNs. 

9 

13.4 

l3_l 

4A_2 

6.1 

43.0 

9.2 

42_l 

22_a 

2-2 

1.3 

3.5 

6.t

T!blF57 

ib R. c c.oflloutehold crbb 

Dbtribultor o 

co!'.q(... or hourlqllgq! 

viold@ .llinn tuoicd vom.t 

D*re of lov. md trust nde faily nob.ts 

Tdfomtion ofjoint foily b neh! fdilv 

2 0-9 

t.1 

To|!l 

228' 

rfr@-iffii;;l .l-; *ed th. n*bc of Bp@d.nB bc.!e or multiplc sFrsr' 

TabletT.botc ahds lh.r out of228 cpondciG (qho f.@!vfe3 hoetold crisis in 

nui.d lif.). 47.4% htt ndtio..d viol.n€ !!!in$ Deicd sm'n, }nc@ 43 4% ha 

nariof,d d.c@ of lorc d

Trbl6St 

DlEibodor of thc R..Pood.nl by 'm.th.r 

fic.d/ flcs VidqcC 

Table-s8.bovc ed Ft$F5l b.low !how! lhd ot of328 tsp@dents. 14.3% hd.wr 

6.ed !iol@. shtu thc ldodty I. 53.P,6 ha |q4llv lh.Gd viol@ ed tbe 6l 

32% bs Evd f..!d viol@ in tui.d lift, 

I18!|rc.5r 

W€ther tac€d faces violence 

t2r

T.bl+59 

Db.rtbodon ot lh. R.!po!d.!|, iy Oppr6!.d by Whon 

!!rlF-in-hw/Mothq-ir-ltw 

BBrIE-ir-Lw/Si.t rin-llw 

t5 

22t 

Ef, ohtbc.rof nulli9lcFstooc. 

T&1e59 .bo! |lHb tu olr of 223 (who n qvns liol.@)' thr 

'!.por&drs 

-tlF@lhnroiit*ill",@""dtLNnbqof 

naidiy ir, 80,?% v4vis @prBscd by hulbsd lndc 242% tat4s oPFlscd bv 

altn+iFl. Ficl.w .td 15.?% w.J is oFpt6..d bv btotlEFids/3ld.r-iFhw 

'norn 

T.bl}60 

Frqu.fty .nd P.rc.nargc Dbtrlbuaior of lh. R..poDdc!6 by T'?. of 

Vtolc!" 

-frc @lu.n tolrl will crc@d tlE sMboofcgorddi3 b6.@ of Dultitlc BFos. 

T.bl.-60 lboF i!di.rt6filr dtof223 cD@& ! (who f&qvfs viol@),60 l% 

violaEc, dF n.jodry i..906% frqvn6 NnLl viol.c.trd 

f.@d/E€ ttFicrl 

9-ata f&.di6 nul vid.@ iD iui.d lifa 

t22 

180 

l3tl 

292 

2l 

221. 

E0.7 

242 

15.? 

60.l 

90,6

;8" ".1-".1lm 

Trbl.-61 

Dist ibdlon of !h. Rltpond€nt! by El.nlrt of Beraing 

lotal vitl !*ced th. n".bd of rospondcnls beoausc of nuliple Estons 

Table6l atot indisl.s $!l out of 134 EspondcnB (rho aac'd{ac's pbsi€l 

violen€), 94,8% w.5/ r b.ltcn $rcud hlnd and ,@l' 33% wat k b€rcn lkouCn 

hmto

T.U+63 

DLtdbotiorof thcR..nod.natbyN.t[r!of it .lVlolco.. 

N.lrE olM..ld vlolne 

nEffiE*IFlb Mhdi)fF ddd bds ordulritL '!.ra6 

TrH..63 .b@ Flalr &.t qt of 202 t!.pod-! (*to A..dn6 DaLl vblegl 

2Bt{ nlqln € t!!!r! tL4 69rx ro/nd &tt .!d 5.9r( Ml tut 

dlbs!3 in r.l!!c b d!.ir @ti.d [e. ASrl! 60.9{ od l8.6ta rsrB |[. tbdD of 

D@d Fge dd Drlg!... Eqcnsv h otri.d ll&. 

IA 

15 

tal 

12 

123 

1E 

242. 

2Zt 

69.1 

59 

609 

ttt

Trble6a 

Dbtrlbuiloo of lhc R.lpord.Db by D.8ree ol VtoLm. 

Vdid RGg rlydd oFnlt 

Rclnlrly .d srtll, 

lfreulaly 0d op6ly 

lftgulrlyod srdy 

I 

t45 

t3 

T.blc-6a dov. lrd Fi$F52 bcl@ rhow tnd otn of22l 'lsDotddls (lno f!ca, fc 

!ioh.@I 18,4% n.d/nc viohM asullrly {d oP.nl, 4 0% f!c.t! &€ vidc@ 

c8{lrly rd €r.dr, r mljor ponid it.65.0% fe.vf.€ eiola@ ifrlululv !d 

op.nly..d lt.5% f@d&e viol.F idglltly Dd 54dv in ddi.d lic. 

rlgurFs2 

Degre€ of violerrc€ 

t25 

t8.4 

6JO 

12.5 

100.o 

18.,1 

65.0 

t2,5 

t00.0 

l8r 

221 

81.4 

t00.0

Trble65 

Dist boti.D oftheRdpoDderb by C.B€ ofviolebce 

DrlB or sDbl€ .ddicti6 ofnBb€td 

Mlhdj[*n ntwirliinlM 

F.iluG ro Frfom hdx.nou *otk d @ of.lildE 

io natc hin&se tlF My ofhDsbard'3 .d!!dv 

Husband s fru$drior ovd p@r @nomic condition 

lailurc to tulfiu habrnd s seruil d.sir. 

Contdlious ndtue of rifc 

IBrigrlion oforhqs iroinn *if. 

Tot l 

. ri,;;iG;rt "i'!;*A;;Mbd of Esond@rsbde orf,ultiPle 6Fres' 

Tablc6S abde indieks rnal out of 221 Fspondents (wno Ioe(v h@t violcn@), ! 6% 

feqvfaccs violcnF in nari.d lif. duc 1o EfBl to bring dowrv, 5 4% du' to drul oi 

gnbl. addiclion oI husbdld, 12.5% duc b fraladjuslnem wih ihla*s, 12 ?% due lo 

failurc to perfom hoBnou qork d @ ofchikl,q, 6 3% duc b hat' hinddqc in the 

w.v of husrsd s adlliary, t6.6% duc io nubdd s tu$tri6n os p@r @nomic 

@nditiq', 9.t% de to lirilc b irlnll exu.l d.siG ofhu$ord 7r% doa lo @nlcotioB 

nlruE of{if., 15.?% dE !o insde.lid ofolh.u lgtial vif. 14 37e dw ro q!.ni@68 

ol hsb6nd sd 3,1% d@ io dlrlilins a sir. 

t26 

8 

12 

28 

37 

2l 

t6 

12 

xz3. 

3.5 

t2.s 

12,1 

6.3 

t6.6 

1,2 

l4.l 

l.l

Tabl.{6 

Dttdbudon .f th. Rdpood.trt! by CoE.qucNe of vlol.nce 

Co!.4e!e ol Vio!.!!! 

CodiNN rstsi@ ad fiustdto 

Losl of household inlegr*im 

r6;;;iffi btll.i'l *d '!*mb.'oagpoDdenc tE .urormukipi' ErPo6 

f.u6{6 !!ow shoss that o{t of 221 Espond.nts ($,||o f&ed/fes viokM)' 6t7' ha 

mdtion d hols.hold cri3b s {E dn .qu.M of viol@ agaiNr Micd w@'n, 

whM 60.l% sff@d/$tfas f@ bt..ding & / p.'r.d 10f/3 suficr'

TrblMT 

Distribotior of th. R.tpond.nt! by 'Whclhcr gulb!trd r.ed Violetrce 

Itr Cblldtood" 

193 

!28 

13.3 

58.8 

100.0 

r8.3 

58.8 

22.9 

100.0 

18.3 

77.1 

100.0 

Table6? abovc.nd Ftg@-53 b.low 3how {El ort of323 rcs?sdsa, huband or 

r83% 6ed vioL@ id 6.lr childhdd, wl!@ hsb&d of 6. rujqitv i e 58.ri did 

nor 6e violene in tl'Gi. chil.hood Th. Fl 22 9'/6 E lddcrt dG nor loow rh.d'a 

lh.n hustotrd 6..d riol@ in childtood 

g 

Irgorc-53 

Whether husba.d tac€d violenc€ in ctiHtbod 

wE$d hu3b.id Lcd vbLn4 ln childh@d 

t2t

T.blF6E 

Diltnbudon of th. Rspond.na by Husbard OPP|Bed Dy Whon in 

chlldhood 

llutb.ld OppB.d by wnon 

$.p 6!€rl Si.p nothcr 

SLp paldnd ur.L 

T.bl.-68 abovc..d FisrF54 b.low shw dul out of60 Espondents (whosc hrsbMd 

f!*d violene i. chthood), h!6bed of 583% ss oppdsed bv nis fadEr vhile 

husbdd of 3.3% ws o!'prcs.d by hb mofi.r, 6.7% *6 oppr.ssen bv hb 'ldd boihor' 

l().lM w.5 opDGs.d ty either hb n.P hlh.r or n 9 

t5 

2 

Flg!rc_54 

ftEband opprEs63d by whom In childtEod 

l3 

6; 

t29 

58.3 

33 

l1 

53.3 

30,0 

t.7 

t00.0 

53.3 

6t.6 

68.3 

98.3 

l(x).0 

nother sd I bv hb st'p

Trble59 

DLadbuffon of lh. R6Pold.nls by Typ. of Ytoloc. Ficcd bv {$btnd 

It Ctldhood 

Itr. ot VLL@ Lt d ht Eu.D.!d h Cilldhood 

rffi6G;6;ii5.tta ttr muc;rrspo"dents hd@ of nul(pr' E!p@s' 

T!ble69 .hovc ildi@ts lhal oul of 60 te poldents (wns hubDd ftc'd viola@ it 

cbit(ln@O, hu!h..d ofrl3% f@d phtllcd vloLnc., r'[e@ nsb'd of 33 3% fac'd 

r@r!l tioh@.td l.,96 6.€dsurl tlol64 in chndbod 

130 

56 

20 

I 

9J.t 

333 

t:l

T.blc-70 

Dbtrib io! of tle R6['ol(tcrt! by 'Wh.lh.r Morher-tr.hw trc.d/ 

frc.. vlol.trG" 

280 

t28 

T$lc?O.boE.rd fiB@55 b.lq Evcrl6.t od of328 Esldddr.' 6olhd_i!-hs 

ofih. ojqity ia 3549/0 fac.

IrblcTt 

DBtdbotior of abe R6po!d.!lt lry 'Wbetb.r 

$Llh.r Olh.r Wivs of I!l.r'r 

Frnlly r!ei/ r.c.r 

hmlb h..d fics violeoe" 

293 

l2a 

Olb.r w'v.t of I!_lN's 

89,3 

I0,4 

.t 

89.1 

.3 

100.0 

39.3 

991 

Tltle? I .!ow ..d FisF56 b.low irdiqL lhlt out ofl28 6tond'nls, olhd wiH or 

in-Lv! fdily of lhe tuidily i., 89.3% fstd fs6 tiolae in rhcit Ddicd lifc' 

wnd6 othd {iv.s 01 in-law's fsilv of 10 4% dnv do tol f@ violon€ A8tit, d'ed 

is O,l% Bponddl *ho 'l@s nol kno* {hcther otha sives of in_law\ tmilv 6oe

Trbl.-72 

Difibldor ofrh. R.rpod.Nt by Thdr oplrhr.boot tL sh&ncrlt 

"Dorry .Dd Viohnc. rg.tDrt M d.d WoD.! .I. iotcnht d" 

Dorrt ud Viobrc. rlitd 

valid $Dnsly rgrc 

Stiollly dlsgE 

l6 

262 

I 

t 

t2s 

199 

.3 

,3 

100.0 

49 

199 

.3 

.3 

100.0 

84,8 

85.1 

99.7 

T.ble'72 lhorc .nd fi8@-5? b.low t !..1 lh.l out of328 Esp@d'nrs, 4 9% i5 slronslt 

age4 wberd. stjdig it ?9 9r4 i..8t .dlo th. tt &mar- "DoMv ddviold@ 

lgtiir Mi.

T.ble73 

Dbtriburion of a[e R.rpotrd.lt! by Th.ir OpiDio! about the Strtcmeot 

sTh. More th. Childrcn, O. Mor. th. Ho$ehold Crisis rld Violenc. 

4rirtt Mrrd.d Wonctr" 

Th.M@rt.Cr dm,t} 

MoE O. Eocro|d Crirnt 

!d \ablae .g.lEl Mtniqt 

Valid StotglyoE* 

Slroasly dhlgE. 

Tolal 

T.ble?3 above dd Fis@58 bctow cvcal lhit olt ol328 $pofttcDrs, 38 796 it 

sroely ag@4 whdds dc nqioritv Ie. 58 5% k 4red to ih' tutmeni"lTh' hd 

lhe child,e4 the noe th. hoLchold .dsis dd violen@ ad.n ntri.d sosen" Th.E 

is &o r.8% BtoflLnt *tD dc not llm* whdn.r $e tlm 6c chill!'o. dE nG llF 

nou*hoLc qisit trd liotM q.iBr nui.d {@.n. Agii4 0 6% is disgE d rnd dlv 

0.3% i! stdcly di$8r..d to dr nlLin. 

t21 

t92 

2 

I 

t28 

FiguF5E 

38.7 

58.5 

1.8 

n 

.3 

llE Moro tE Chits€n, h€ More !'. Prcblen 

t34 

34.7 

58-5 

1.3 

.3 

t8,1 

91,t 

99,1 

99.7 

100,0

T.bb74 

Dharlbutionolthc rspond.rttbyttelropiriorrboottD. .t ndt 

jAblorInility.d D.fectiv. Ch.rrct.dltlc ofMatr is. M.ln hctor of 

1 toI.tr.. .8.tD!t M.rried Won tr" 

5 

38 

t7 

224 

20 

t2E 

1.5 

It.6 

I t.3 

695 

6.1 

t.5 

lt.6 

I t.3 

69J 

6,1 

l.t 

l3.l 

AI 

93.9 

t(x).0 

T!bl.-?4 .borc hd FisrF5g b.lN cvel th.t oot o1328 tesDo.d.nls, 1 t% is lttotslv 

.!Fcd, vher* 11-69" is alFcd 1o tlt si emcnt- Abno@litv lnd dcf"live 

chdcr.iiitic of M h a n.in 6c!or of viol@e .slinn odied '@d' Th'G b ale 

I t,3% rsDnt nt *'rr dod not ltow rhdhd ahdomniv dd def'diw chtnclaicic 

of nu is r @ir 6crcr ol viol.d .r.its nwi.d r@ 4!ii' $' mljotiv it- 

69-5% i. diesrd !i 6l% is $o.dt di..8E d lo lb. i.lddt 

Fi8ue59 

Abnr&doiecliE ctar of flEn ls . maln lactor of VAMW 

135

T.bb-75 

Dlltriburton of the :R€3potrd.nl! by Thctr Opinlotr lboul the strt.m.rt' 

"Vtol.rce igainrt M.rrl.d lVon.r h rr l$ftrtnert of Ent|lrlng 

MrlnteDrr4 of P.trhrclrl So.hl O.de]" 

VbLrc.g.brt M.rrt d 

l\roo.LrlBtnldrof 

Ewi.gM'|rr.|,N ol 

P.d.r.!.I Sod.r Od.r 

V.lid SnucV.gE n 

2A8 

t2 

Ta!1e75 rborc ed [i€@60 b.ld nql inat our of 328 spold'ns, 241% ir 

llonrly lgE d wn Fs |n. jdlt ia 68.3% il .g@d to rlE drLtErt- "VloLne 

|g.l!c Mi.d m is d ineld.d of .lMi!8 Niric'rc of Dt[i&l'd sid 

dda'. nrdc i. ds 2.4% tBDodd.nt eno dod tu loq tndd YioLde tSti'c 

nui.d goM is d iLfrtl|Ml of o$ulnS Ddtrtd,@ of pdnFh'l *l'tl o!d'r' 

AgrL 3.ra i,dis.gEld.td lJb n66glvditged to6. cdd 

ngurt60 

21.1 

533 

2l 

3.7 

1,5 

21.1 

63.3 

2l 

4,7 

l,t 

1000 

vior is an ilBb ofonluirc malnbn of p. soc onter 

tt6 

u.l 

92.4 

9.1.E 

98.5 

100.0

T|ble?6 

Diitributiotr ofth. Raponden& by Tbeir Opidon lbout the Stltenetrt, 

" I bility ofMrn ao Ecorcnicrly Support hb Wife rld to M.int ir 

Cotrlrol b r Mtrln r!.tor of Violetr.e agrirst Mrnied Won.r" 

EcoNDlelly Slppon hi! wli| 

ud lo M.thr.in coll.ol & . 

Mrh F..lor of vloLre 

lg.lNl Mrrri.d Won.n 

T.blG76.bov. tud Fi!iw.6l t low Ev€ls rhal dr o4 328 Esp.nd.nti rhc mjonry 

i.. 66.5% b nrcnglt !!ft.d, wnel6 21.3% h ag@cd lo thc sla&m.nr- 'lmbility of 

hu to cconomiqlly snpDon nis sif. and ro n.iniah conrrol i3 ! main G.tor olvioldc. 

.gainn hdicd rcnc - I1l.E is aLo 4yo r.spond.nt slio d€ not loow vhcth.t 

inabilily oanaD to .mnonicllly $ppon lis wifc dd to minllin conlbl L a n.in r.clor 

of yioL@ asainc ndi.d *omd. Asri!, 6,4% Esponddt is dsgE d ard 1.8% is 

strcngly dieglced to $c slotenor. 

Fr@ftmr I P.rc.nl I Perc.ll P.r.etrl 

t!7 

213 

70 

l3 

2l 

6 

323 

21.3 2r.3 

66.5 

8?,8 

9t.3 

94,2 

100,0

! 

Flsure6l 

lfiability lo srppon wife & to nEidain control 

hability io .uppod rdl| l lo mhhh 6nnol 

133

Trble-fl 

Dbtribotio! ofthe R.rporddt by Tbdr Opidor.bo th.Strt D.rr' 

"Both Mrtr.od won lr thc corirthlor ofvloLrc.' 

Bo.r nlr! .rd WoD.n b i!. 

Corrdb or ofviohN 

Vdid SrMsly.gtu 

T&lct lho€ rd ligura2 hcl@ Evql rh.r @t of 128 Espoi&rq 2.4% ir *otrC,t 

.s@d, vhiL 3l.4% is ngr&d to l[. !t Emor -"Bolh nd 4d womd ie lh. @tnbutor 

of viol.M". llEE is dlo 232% Ilsnddt *io dc nor lod s,i6lq bo$ @ ed 

rone ! th. @fihrkr ofviolor, Ag.ia all% cpdddt l! disgn d .nd 1,8% 13 

snmdy distFd 10 thr $!t mDt. 

Hgrtt{2 

Both man and woman is the contributor of violenco 

L 

Srtuslr dis.lre 

8 

103 

B5 

1X8 

t39 

2! 

31.4 

2t2 

112 

tl 

100.0 

2.4 

3t.4 

232 

1t2 

t.3 

t00.0 

2A 

31,8 

51.0 

94.2

Trblc-78 

Dktdbution ofth. R€pond.rtt by Their Optnior about the St.teb.rt, 

"Hurb.Dd h$ thc Rlght to bert hl! wlfC 

l!!.t rdt{th.nhlrb 

Yd but ihhould not be 

266 

2l 

t2a 

T!bL.78 abov. Ed ligN-63 b.low d.d dlr dn of 328 F!pd&nl!, 12,5% b.licws 

i! rb. ,isbt of hshdd ro b..r hn *ifc dd E'nba ro 6cn it n.t b. @u.4 

ehcB i[. mjdity i.., 8l.l% b.li43 In lt. righl ofhub.ld ro b€r his *ja. ttrfi harc 

oplncd $.t it sl@ld mr b. @u.d {d th. Esr 6.470 b.licv6 th.t husbod ha Do nght 

Fl8!G63 

12,5 

8t.l 

t00.0 

FLBband has ltb right to beat iis wife 

I'O 

12,5 

3l,l 

r00.0 

t2.5 

100.0

Trbl€-79 

Distribution ofthe Rapord.rt by Their Opinior lbort ibe St temeot, 

"EoN.hold Crisis .[d Vlolenc. .gaiNt Mott€r hldcr PmP€r 

So.ioliztiotr of Childr.r" 

viole!.e .g.lst Morh.r 

hild€r P.op.r Seilliutiion 

Ston8lydissee 

Tabl.-79 aborc e{t [icur{4 bclow dal thoi out of 328 Espdimts, 25.3% is 

ttodgt age, r$.rs lnc mjori.y i... 62.5% is ag@ ro th. staLm.nl- 'gouehold 

cnsb $d violcnc. lsaiNt nother hi.dq pope. saialization ofchildFn" Th.r€ is !l$ 

9.17. Fspodcnt who des .ol lnow lh.lhcr hou$hold ctisis md violcne lsainsl 

moil.r hindcr pmpcr s€ializltion of childrcn. A8!in, 2.4% resDondent n disagecd and 

0.6% h sdonaly disrgrccd to rhe siaLmcnl, 

Fmuocv P.Fdl P.rutrt I lcc'l 

8.t | 25t 25J 

2051 62.5 62 5 

l0 9.1 9.1 

a 24 24 

2.6.6 

123 1000 1000 

25.3 

87.8 

97,0 

r00,0

3 

FigurF64 

H. crisis & violence agnst rnother hinder p. socii 

H. qisis &nobnc€ agrct m other hindsr p. 6ocialiaion olchildl 

142

T.ble-Eo 

Dttributiou of lhe R€.pond€n6 by MsuB 1o Ditigete Hooselold 

Crilis 

Md.u€ bMidot Eos.bold CrLi3 

R.tionrl behaviou ol shio! ndb.s ofde fanily 

To tak€ husb&d avry ton lhc b.d conpey 

lnvdwmqr of wifc ir it)me sencEting &nvni6 

To crrL lib€r.l &d .d@liotrd .t cpncE in thc ftDaly 

To tep th. nMbc. ofchiktq lihi.d 

To IGp hself @l on&r ho@nou oLk Md to ul. .fion 

lo c@te h.any Elr'rionship willl hcbdd tnd oth.r family 

To l€le aveie of nmily mdb.rs dd lo sive impotune 

t20 

43 

3 

38 

15 

l5 

l0 

t2a. 

l3.l 

26.4 

22.9 

. Th. colmn to1al riu crced th. nuhcr of res.d€nls b.ods of nulliDl. Bsnss- 

T.ble3o above revcals lnt out 01328 dlondenl-1 36.6% Bives importanc. on rational 

bchaviou oI F.id Dmb6 oI ih. fmil, vne6 l3.l7e fels n@sery to l'k 

hustsd awly 6m bad mpary .d 14.4% giB inpotu@ on inrclvmal of wia. in 

in@n gseriling &ivni6 6 lh. n.eF lo nilisdc hous.hold crisis. B6id.s, 26.8% 

siv6 impoftln@ on oi.atiDe libsal sd edu€tional .tnspnd. ir ln. fmily, 22.9% 

rhirk n@ssary to hap rnc nuh.r of childreD linitcd od 19.8% thinb n*s$y 16 

k.P ndsr@l und6 nous€hold crisis rd to takc.Eon to @G hary ELlaoNhip 

virh hsb€ld ard oth.r fmit n.mb.E. A.ir, 4.6% Bpondqt rhirls ns$lry ro 

l.av. Ndi* or rmily hebb€6 6d to gile inportdc. on elf di8niry ed 3% giv6 

inronaice oi takine clerr,lhiie e,sy, 

143 

19,3 

3.0

TrbleSl 

Disrribuaior oflh. Rspord.Db by Msfin !o Mirlmiz th. Viol.acc 

asaiDst M.rri.d Wolten 

Md3uB lo Mlnlnk rh€ vlolcN. tgrhrr Mrrrlcd 

Won.! 

To sbolish e&ly hs iase dd to b. cdslted 

To .@in @mmic ind?Fnd.r@ 

To lry to cndr. thc polrieh.l h.nrd rcup orlh. si.ty 

To prol.sr ud Erisl :oll€tiwly .grinst violflce 

To nainnin l'crtul behaviou h day 10 {tay lifc 

To atmsc prqEmnH qnn a vid lo nalc Fople a*e 

lbour rlr &ndill of viold@ .d!n ,nai.d wm.n 

To mer sF.cirl lN Flaled !o violcr@ .lrinn Ddied 

won.n ord !o .Dsu( proper dployheDt ofthar hw 

D(ided rhough flb & notnin8 to do 

73 

52 

2! 

t1 

328' 

. Tn 6llm lor.t will sced tn nubd ofFsponde.h b.$e ofbultiDl. rcspdss. 

T.bleSt abow sho*s rlar oln of 328 cq.rnd.ntt, 22,7% si6 inpon e. on 

lbolirbing carly manbge dd lo bc cdlcat.d, wneHs 19.8% gives imrorr.rcc on 

.hainirs €conomio i' :penden€ dd 14% opiDes in favour oa tryin8 lo chs8. tbe 

prtrimhal n nLl $tup oltlE si.g ro niriniz! rhc viol@ .gninsl ndi.d won4,. 

B6idc! r9-8% sivcs i.lFrrd€ o. @llerivc pDt st &d Fsisr.M to rioloe, 15,8% 

sivcs jnpd{c. on nt bking childd noE, 19.5% gircs inporth€ on living in 

nucl.e fmily ud 7% is of de vi* oamoinLining llcful bchaviour in day to day life. 

Asain, 13.7% opincs to dange Drcgrmmes bt goveom.rt ed NGo3 wjth ! vicw to 

n.te p.opl€ !v.E $our rh. d.m6ib of viol@ lgai.sl mFi.d smcn, 19.5% Siws 

impd@ on .n.ctiig spehl L* qrtding violcne '8liBl nnicd Nbrcn dd 

dtring prcpd cmplo)fior of thlt hw ed 5.2% rhinlc violae aalinst ndi.d 

sm.n is deided rtuoul 6le od norhins !o do 10 iiridi4 th. problm. 

22.2 

19.8 

t4.0 

2t.3 

15.8 

19.5 

t3.7 

19.5

4.2 TESTING OT HYPOTHESES 

Contlng.rcY T.ble{ 

rio = TlEc b e rlali@stip bctrq hrcl of €dudti@ of nmi.d 9m@ tnd 

ho@lold cisis i! Bed.d6h sicg. 

Hr= Vilt lnc|q$ in @i.d sm6! .nuo$ion lDuehold.d.it b BeSlad6n 

!@hty d.d$s suhshnli.lly, 

Eo@hold c.ltit i. Lvd of.dudtior ot n.ri.d toE.! rotl 

BttrSLddnloci'tv uftdu.ri.d scar+docrr.d Enuc.td 

Y.r 25 146 51 224 

(4t.18) 016.73) (66.04) 

No 40 22 )E 100 

09.82) (5127) (2t.to 

Torif 65 168 95 324 

C.loubtcd ulua ofchi{4ue ()c) - 57,6 

T$L El@ ofch-sq@ .t 2dfrnd 0.05 hv.l ofst ili@@ -t,9 

cdtinrlac, c@fftcidl (cl - 0.385 

arn cdcuLr.d vduc of Cni-sqle (X) Is gllna thr ik nbl. ulk 112dfed 0.05 

ldcl of ,ignifi@, rhd.foE lh. null [ypoth6is is Gj*rld {d {F digid ntpod.sit 

''Wilh iltlle tn h&ied wocn'! Gducati@ nous.nold dlsk In Banglad€sh sicty 

decF@ $b6r.nti.llJ2' is @.pi.d. Th. ELriosiip a iidiaLd by de sl@ of 

ddng.rcy cf6ci.nt (0.380 is fli.ly signif@r 

l,l5

Contlry.0cy T.ble-2 

Ho= TIFE i! m eLtit bip b.iw l4l of cducrion of h6h€rd . 

hoq.hold cisis i. B{Slrdcsl' si.tt 

Hl- With iette iD hsbddt cdudion hous.lDu cnsis in Bdghd.st s@ietv 

Itolt [oldcrlrbh lrwl ot.dlodor or nabld 

B'ltltd6h Fcittv un.duc.r.d s.o!.duot rl f,drot.d 

Y* 35 143 50 223 

(74.38) 1107 74\ (4l.EE) 

No t2 12 16 100 

(20.t2) 

Tolrl lt 155 66 t2a 

p2n2t $7 ' 

CrkuLr.d $lc ofcri{qle (rJ - | mI5 

T.bl. r.lu. ofcni{quE al 2dldd o,Oi kv.l ol si3Di6@ce _5.99 

Condng.rcy co+ffroio = 0,49? 

A! rh. c.lcuLt d valw oI cbi{quG (X) is gr.!d lhd itt t bL v.le tl a ed 0 05 

lad of 3i9i6@, lttEf@ thc oull ht?odEtu i. F.ic&d ed $! dgid hvPln6is 

"wid i!.|q$ i! hBLrd's .duc{ion hdenold cis& in Eogl.ddh $icg dffi 

IrS.V' is @pcd. ftc Elltio$ip ! indidcd hy rn v.luc of contn84cv @ 

Gllicn (0.49') ir aoddar.V ri8!if'cd.

ContlngcrcY Trblco 

Ho- Th4 ir no Elatiodip b.twen tub.. of f.Dily h.mb.r ed 

hNhold disis in BdSladen !ei.ly, 

Hr- Win &.lt@ b dlc nnbd of 6bily mhs nouelbld crisis i! 

ldgLd.d sicty &clus ![gcly, 

TobLNo,53&12 

Ed-to|d.nnir N.DD.' or r|Dnr !db.r rord 

B.ngLdot D'LtY sb.lt M.dioo !r.tF 

Y.r 153 70 05 224 

05?.D 6ot, 00.43) 

No ?3 17 l0 100 

(68.90) Q6.52) (4.51) 

Tor.l 226 87 15 324 

calcuLt d Elw ofcni{q@ (X) - 14.55 

Tablc valu. ofchi-5quE .t 2dfrd 0.0t Lvd ofsiid@e -5 99 

cdri.gdcy @+trrcie (q = 0.206 

ar ln. cdcuLr.d $lG of CNq@ (X') i! 86tcr lhd it! libl. vd@ .t 2df tld 0.05 

tc*l of ri9i6ce, rh.sfoE rh. lull hrporL6i! ir EjeLd ed th. *qldtrg hypo66is 

.wiin d.c|F$ in rb. n@b.r of 6dily n.mb.r noli.holit cri5i! in Brgladdh si.ty 

d*Fes l{i.ly." is @@ptcd. nE Ehionship s indic.tcd by th. v.lu. of@lit84cy 

c€dici.nt (0,206) h fa y silnif'dr, 

t47

CotrringcDcy TrbtF4 

fio= rbc6 tu no Ebrioslip bd@n rod Mlnly iMn. of rb.6hit md 

hous.hold dtuh ia Ba4lad.rb ci.ty. 

tu= With d..re in hdthly iD@6c of {E fanily houshold crisis ir Beghd.sn 

$icay ire shdud.lly. 

Eosholrt.rhlt|n Toa.lDolr yilot.oflh.|iouy Toltl 

Dschd6h.od.q b, ardg! nEr 

Yd 178 45 05 228 

oso.D (66.04) 01.82) 

No 38 50 12 100 

(6s-8t (23-eO (J.18) 

Tord 216 95 17 32E 

Cllcu|li n vdE ofchi-sq@ (r1 - 5l,87 

Table hlu. of Chi-rqu.c .t 2dfMd 0,05 lcltl ofsignifid* -5,99 

Co ingdcy @{fricidt (C) - 0.369 

A $e 6rcuhr.d v.lc of chi{4@ (*) i, rFt rt[4 iG t bl. vd@.rzdf ud 0,05 

l*l of sigdn.,M, l|r0Ef@ l|.). .ull htlDth.s h E et d 6nd tn. wo|*ins hlT.th.sis 

(wftnd..rqs in mo tny ircom ofrh. fabily hou$hold cdsb in Beeladcah !6icty 

lnc|€s $bst trti.llr" ir a@pGd, Th. r.MoDsnip 6 lndicared by ih. slu. of 

@liq

Conll4.rcy Ttbles 

Ho- T[@ is no Eki@.bip h.rwi .9. of Mid *on@ ed viold* !8.i.* 

thd it DsgldLsh smiety. 

Ut - Vith incEN in a!. ot ndicd roD.. violere alaiast lh.m in Bd8'.d.sh 

$i.ry d.@s csidcEblt. 

VloL!.. rgd$t Ai. gtuopofn.rliedwr.! Told 

n.rrl.d ron.r ir Lov M.dlrn rngl 

Y6 4n lB r0 223 

o8o7) 025.?3) (5915) 

No 16 12 11 105 

07.93) (5922) (2185t 

ToEr 56 r85 A7 t2a 

C.lculir.d vrl@ ofCni {q@ (X) - 18327 

Trblc v.lu. ofcni-squd at 2dfsd 0,05 Lv.l ofsigiid@e =5,99 

Continicnoy 6{moieii (C) = 0.t99 

Ar rh. cdcdlrcd valD. of Chi{qls C{') b gsLt de is 6blc $ls * 2df.4l 0-05 

ld.l of 3ignfi@ce lnetfc th. ioll htF{6h G fj6Ld ..d l[. rqtin8 hvpod.sis 

"Wirh t&& in.g! of D.ri.d r@d eiol@ !3eir$ |n€d in B&ehlksh sidy 

d6EB csjdaablv" i! e.9|.d. DE Elerionship a indic.Ld tt d'. vdE ot 

@ iD8.rcy c€fficidt (0.59) i! nod.nkly strificd. 

ta9

cortl4.lcY Trhld 

Eo= ThcG i. m FhtidE[ip h.t*qr l.wl of .drcdio of hulbdl ed 

liolc@ r*rihr Mi.d rmd ld Bsahd6[ sid, 

lt|= c/in i|t|e$ b nuhd" .d!.rri@ tio|.G trliar Mi.d '6m i! 

Ddd.d.s[ si:ry ddrlg@tiddbt. 

vlolerc..gil4r lr.l of.dodlton of hubtld Totrl 

n.rrted toEer b 

u!'drshd &bl-'dmr@d Eir'r"d 

;-;;--i;t.t] 

Y6 69 138 16 22t 

(10538) (44.81) 

o2tt) 

No 38 17 50 105 

o4lt (962) Ql.rt) 

Tot l r0? r55 6 t28 

clhuld.d v.l* orctisq'e (X1- 90.15 

TabL ul@ ofchi+quc n 2df.trd 0.0t Lv.l ofsigtit@ 5J9 

Conti4mcy @{iicidt (C) - 0,464 

As rho caloutated value ofchi{qud (X:) i5 g. dtbenstabh vrlDe at 2dfhd 0.0t 

hwt of .iinc!M, thcefoF lhc rull hyto$els t Fj4Ld ed lh€ wo*ing htfolh.lis 

"Wftn im in hDborxlk .ducJid lioLr !8.ind Mied l@o i! Bs8lld.lh 

d. Tn Flllioslip a indi€icd bv $. vilw of 

sicty de.@s c6i&Ebl/'i! -.!Dt 

@titrslncy co.dicicit (0.4t1) i! ho4t Gly .ig.mc.!| 

t50

ConibS.lly Ttble-7 

Eo= rh.E Ir no Elalioship b.$m .gp rt Miasp of won.n ed violeM 

lrrind dm in Eeglsd6h widy, 

ll= vi|! i!F!!& ir .s. i Dui!8. of M vbl@ .sriDs lian in 

Be8Ld!.h $i.ty d..@ $bstotillt 

VioLG .Cut D.Eied Ar! .t ..ri.gc ol'@.! Tod 

rolo lr hmrrd. 

--;.it- ld M'diu silb 

Yc5 12 198 l3 223 

06.0r) 05093) 66.03) 

No al 24 10 105 

06.m (7Lo7) (t6.m 

Tofd 5t 222 $ a2a 

clkutcred v.lE ofchi{ql@ (XJ - | 4l,88 

TabL vdu. ofchl{que al 2dfod 0.05 hvcl of li8Difi@o -5.99 

C.ni!8.rcy @dnci.nt (C) = 0.549 

ar tnc cdcd.r.d vde ol cni-sqw (x1i! 8ra&r l[r it libl. $l@.t ?,tfdd 0 05 

lw.t ol rignific!re, dEEf@ rhc tull htpodBb n Fi@tld md t wo*ins nypodcais 

"Wih incrce in .9. d nruias. ofvomd violae asainst thd it B€ulgla&sh wi.iy 

d.cress $bslrtidly" n @.ptcd. Tn tbii@$ip !5 indi. cd by $e valuc of 

@tbg!rcy 64f|rcid (0J49) i! 6oddi.ly sisnif@t. 

l5l

Contlng.!{y T.bba 

Ho- Tn@ ir no Eltiotrsbip h.lwn 4. difi.F@ orMi.d r9en.nd lh.ir 

tcbed ud viok@ alrils $cm in Bdgla{bn siely, 

H! - Vlth in@@ in r8. diftM@ b.t*4n tund dld th.f hsbod viobn@ 

.g.int ndi.n voind ir Banglld6h siety i.ffi @$id.db9, 

vloLleiiriNln.rdd Ag.dtd.cneb.ttertontr.d Toti 

roE ! ltrEdglrderl tt.ir l!.b.Id 

reiety lre Medino Eigi 

Ycs 103 98 22 22t 

006.06) (74.79) (42 tst 

(49.9r) (3511) 09.85) 

No 53 12 40 105 

10r,1 156 ll0 62 t2a 

C.kubr.d valw ofchi-el@ (Xl = 52,86 

1.b1. $luc ofchi-!.tuc al 2dfrnd 0.05 Lvcl of3ignid@e =5 99 

Contin8ocy oo4lficid1(c)' 0,372 

A5 th. qlculorcd Ela of Chi-sq@ (X) i! Eqts lhe ia bble vdu d 2df ed 0,05 

ld.l ofsigni6c.nc., 6.EfN l[. .ull hyp.lh6is it Fjcld .!d ln. *lrting typoIn.sir 

"Wirh im!!e in .*F difirae b.ireh roM &d l[.n hu$od tioLre 4drs 

tuicd 'mcn i! Bdslnd.$ si.ty nrc|tg c@iddbly." b @pLd. TL 

ELrioBl r a indid.d by rh. slk of @Iiuwy @fficidl (0,372) is fl y 

152

43 CASE STUDIES 

J&im Belm k t0 tts 

old. shc liv.s in Sonathd vill.g. und.r snojstuj dkliot of 

Bdsladdt Sh. ha Fld upto da Vl. Sh. gol ndi.d in dG lgc of 15. Sh. h$ the 

&usnte6 dd two !G. r1.r lushsd is . rlrind lF"dh.sicr oa! lad nie] eh@I. H. is 

!.ry srins/ i. n!re. He d.r wishld lo sFDd oo..y,.v.n fd fo.d purFs. olhis 

chitds. Tn fmity liom thc lcry b.gimins is iaidain.d by ldina Bc8w Sh. 

sr€tly $[s rh. p.dd:/ I'odued in lh.ir ldd or ri€e to buy n@ss,rv lhings for lh. 

fMily. Sh. had hs to cook n sh e@d food th@ tin€s &ily 6 her hubdnd wetc

Nabio Kh u livls in Sdt$n vilhs. !n&r sinjgej dlticl of B.n8bn.sh- Snc is 

40 y.d, old, Sh. ws united in Ddiilc in lnc agc of t4 in I d.4vinl bllt Fput.d 

frmily, Duing p6vio6 d.rs shc tud h.r n6bdrd l.d a verv hlppv lifc Hq hBbdd 

ws n.mb.r of uid pdi,ad (uder lo€l gov.mnenl) for two ifres. H. ale losssd 

o big .mour of ottivlbtd lsd. H.ncq lh.y w.F lhen @miquv $und. But with rh. 

F3$gcof tid.h..nEb€ndst rLdtoLl.dtuetlik .loolDl,aaldsdcis&!n.mdio 

stl ih. ls& @c anq tn t!d. BG kx h. sDt ffiicd fd lhc s@nd lii. rc, F6 

.go. At ptlst nc hs cilh.r fs.d i.@. .d ev lud d@pl homdl6d, It@ 

N.bin. Kn.hn liv6 si hd tnE childr.t Th. fmilv is nw tuinl.in d bv hd Ha 

nusbsnd liv.s silh ht leond wif. in.5.p@r noe, 3 lctr. dislrrcc tlD h.r home 

A! a drug addicted p.Mq n n..ds.lot ofnonev uhicn he.oll*13 fom p.ople bv 

ch@iirg. Mdcov€i, now md then hc @mB to his litst wift (N.bini Khotun) jul lo pa 

th. niShl ond ro @llel smc noicy. Nlbina Khatun is a t€dv hoewife Sh.Buallv 

n.int ins hcr liv.lihood lo do en @Dal wo* in Flaliv€c how Dd wilh the 

sii,e of lEr bFrl'es 8d sisrc'i wh@ @mnic ondidd i! 6rch b.tL. lte het 

Sh! ql go orisid. fd flork du. !o hs fMily srd$. In lpit of this sL ha !@e.d 

hd dlwntcl3 Miac!, Ha ct&r sn is umplottd dd ln. voung4 b t 6114' 

studcnt. Tt6ls vhy uuilly sho flib to givo het husb4d Do..v md in Elun hd 

hu$and rort!rcs her pl,ysically $d hc tlly Bui Ndbim Kh.tu sccds lo bc h.ppv 

rhcn hd husbsd @nG b ner. Sh.lhin*. n is t.tter ro loleatc thc loiw. orhusbnd 

sthcr !o Id nin go ro his semnd wif.. 

NlbiM Kh$n thintl her husbdd rortl6 h4 c ne hd no dtrol d hin$lfduc to 

dds .ddition s w[ s for ir'stigttio. oanis *@d wifc asin t hci Sh. i5 or 0E vis 

lhrl if it n posibL lo Mug. Fot ndt for hcr hubed\ drus .ddidion ed .@€t a 

Esula! incon for beri rh. @y ov.r@. hd boenoh cnsn ed viol.nc. .8!itst hq. 

tt4

Manbubr XIlm is 29 r€B old. Sh. ha @mpLtcd sEdutid .!d erc a ! prinary 

$h@l @htr Sn is 'rodE. of two !cn@l sping dhildd- Sh. li$ id Rup*naF 

vilLgc uidr Sinjgdj di*ilt of Bsgli&sh. She 8ot nMi.d ir lh. tg. of 19 io d 

offi€r ofr nor-govr. oemi2alion. Llts h.r nushod Esigncd fon his s.fli@ ag 

lEordiDg lo hln, *6 r hdl wo(ing job. Sin@ lhfl he L unanploy.d. Thoqn hc hN 

culriv.bl. lmds but for E dy c.sh h. roi.ly depen& m his vif.. Accotdi4 to 

Mrlrblb., his hu$md is itl rdpcdl. U. .lMt6 iitds her f.!! oD litrl. ntnas ed 

lotuE n r hod-pbrlir.lly dd lohlly, Ore b€ing vi.tin of *vw viol.M sh. 

rnh.d !o ha D.Enls !trd &nicd to lc.d mjucal lif. wirh hin Under $ch 

ci'tmn*.s n r hu5lrd cd.1o hd pdnn' hde; sinply stNbbcd ed pllLd bv 

h.ii Dunch.d dd ldoked dd .l lrst boun&d n r $ r.rm to him. Now rh.t cnibcn @ 

so*ing 

youg bul lheF is no chdgc of h.r husband's beh.viour' Iler penls_in-ls do 

not lry to cootrol lhcir sn; rathcr $ppon his bchaviour due !o.ffcction for dEn .lda 

sr- Mihblbr Khem is n}lllly filsrdrcd in her mjusal lifc bul n itid fil6 dv c6e 

lBaiEl viol.na G@d b IEr,.d Sivs n rnsb.nd dirc thinling tn. ftoE orha 

childm- Sh. now iot.d6 t,!s of riolde l.ren on hs cbil&.n ed hoF om 

day hd childh will gire p@p.r 

'acr 

on h.half of ha 

Manbub. Khum b.ins s edu.aLd rome .nd $oice holdq couldn'l sav. hdslf 

nom viol.nce in nMiud life. Sh. ltinks such violen€ a1 b€ stopDcd lntil p3Fitchal 

nc.lllig ofrh. s@i.t, ehanScd rhich is v.ry hard b b.. 

l5t

ysbin xnatu. lives in llwalne viuaSc undq Sinjssj disticl ofBm8lad.sn. Shc is 

16 }ls old. H.r falhq G a lodL$ &d.. Sh. iudied upto cla V- Thd sh. vd 

ho{rd to lavc lh. shnl. Duc 10 h6 6rh.t r Dd @nmic onditid shc ra sol 

nri.dlo mili0tm.*cd.rrsoys!so, Shc lit6 in.ioi Gnily *ith her in-llws 

All de woEd of h.. fmilx cxepr sn , b.ld8 1o vover fanilt Th.Y @ asily h.lP 

lh.n hutsnd dd in-laws in vo*. B.lotgi.8lo .6mer fmily Ktbib t'M nothiDg 

.boul reavins worlc For this sh. is .h!ed by oln.6 Snc hd b€.n sivd thc dutv of 

c@kins for r0 pe@le dtr linca ! d.y. Shc ws tot ntbitsl fot seh w.& in h.r pE_ 

n&i.d life. Eei hdltlL sndilior .ls is not sood. She hd niseiaS. for 2 dnes 

durins the lsl one yca. For dis !lso, !h. is qb@d by oth.r fMilv n€mbeB Ev.. ir 

her husband d6 nol b€l hs on Dity nattn bul houods to rDrl nis s*ual desiF now 

and rhd againsl her Nill. lf shc E6ls. !o fulfil hh desiE, sbe is bcal.! ncrctlesslv ed 

lh@M.d of na..yids asain or lo givc h4 divorc.. As hq ft{her is por sd ill, shc 

d t rlink ro so b&t b h.r pent3, It thc dtut'ne sh. ns Eied lo suicid. twie but 

ev.d. Sh. hs losr all hu draB Esa,niir @nju8.l lif.; 6the sh. n anlid ofit 

Knbib Knanr rhiib lft.t it is . 6ult to uniE nd in iMi4. in o @t 4E B|n 3h. 

doNl bld. his father as, lo h.r, nq faths had no oth€r option $d to s..d 

'@lding 

nr lo hubad's hou$ duc lo hG p.or eoomic condidon Sh. is ol $c vi.w lhtl 

edu€tion dd economic ind.p.ndcM nay h.lp somen io ov€Nome ho@hold qhis 

ad violenc. aaain$ thetrL. 

t56

CHAPTER-5 

ST'MMARY, FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION 

157

I. th€ DBious cn p1.a dic dene ol noushold qbb wnh Gr.Ercc to liolen@ 4rinst 

odien qm.D in Bsgladssn smi.ty hs hen discus$d dorouglly, In $is cbapld rhc 

ein of whol. .x@is is p@Gd, 

5.l SUMMARY 

Tb. pE$nr study has t€.r 6.ducrd sin a ricw ro elys difieml kinds or 

noehold cris6 pcwilin3 ir Bdsl.dcs! sidy, ro .*din. leil)dMic &d 

ddo8nphic factoB rcsrdsibl. ro. houehold crisis md violcDc. !8airol mani.d 

qome4 lo study the 6s.!!er*s of housenoB crisis ud violcM asainst mni.n 

woer ed ro rlgecsl|rc.sB io oirig.re hoehold ehis &d io Dirioia violoe 

lgai.n mdi.d wonc.. F6 rhL a rotal of 328 hous.bolds of tso vilaecs nn.ly 

SoDalne lnd Ruprknn! of Sicjgdj distict of Bdshdcsh nav. been sLclcd rs 

spL ed inf@rior Late ben @ll&red Aon fid lviiloblc noied eon& frm 

dt hoehold- Actu,ll) dc ltsceh is o efon ro die6 rhc problm of viol.n@ 

reainsl nrded wom.o ir smiologic.l .ppi@h, to find oul a gcn El apet ol viol.n€ 

rgai.sl meicd worun iD Be8ladgh sieiy dd lo susg.st lmc nasurB fu 

nininazirgttcpob!.n nticnmycoinci& w $. othet d6 ofrh. @@r.t rl$. 

'nE sludy is bsically oxplontory. But !1 tibes il ha h€me cxplmrory, .spccially 

wnen $. dLtionshiD h:trv@n difcEnl teiables ha bccn eplood duirg tnc @!e ol 

de Etuh wftn chi$qum te{ &d confm.d .h. mturc of rlatioGhip Nnn 

Th. $udy sho*s 6rt hijdity of$. '!s?orr,.dt .irhd Ged or f@ dificanr rF.s 

houshold *iss, such r{ econonic, ldjlstdenr, holth snd scuitt in ften ndi.d life, 

Eionoolc, adjEtrqt r.d helth oisis oi.n leods to viol.n€ .8.iftt hdied Nonen. 

on thc ofi.r ha4 viol6@ agrjn tuicd *ond .Lo lqads to ldj6tncn! hc.lrh dd 

sunry *isis. H.ne, household crhis &d riolcft. asainn hMi.d wond rc 

inteftldcd in oa@ cnllx Ehlionship. 

Th. nudy l.@Is rh.r holshold cris6 e Eld.d to th.lev.l of .duqtioD of wd 

.nd hNhdd, nmbd ol ltnily 6eob.6 ed bl.l mo.tlly in6n. of lhe foily, It clso 

158

indicalB $!t viokE !s.i$l Mi.n wm.n is Grtr.d to 4t ol mboa ltrl of 

ed@tion of hu$d4 rse at Mi.g. oa vond dd !8. dilt E@ b.tta husb€id 

Dsid.s, dE dldy shds dowry dd viola@ !€!i.n ntri.d Rond as irleftlaled. ft 

aLo 3hN thll n.jdily ofdE *omcn ud.r thc $rdy * ofoE vi.w thal- 

- rhc noE th. chitlu, th. n@ tl& dis rd violeDe.grinn ndi.d v@ai 

- viol.nc. .goi$t ratri€d woncn is d innlmdt of.nsuring minlenre of 

Palri!rchrl sial od(; 

- iiabiliry of nd tD .oiomially slppon his wife md to mainilir control is a nain 

&c!o! of viol.ne .gi.st 'uicd rom.r. 

- thc h$b€nd ha tu riglt ro bc.t his wif. 

Al thc sc dnc a niFr pdl@ ofthc end udcr lhc nudy hlt snor€d Degdive 

- Abnomility ed {Llict e chaackdslio of m6n 6 a flcior of violen@ lgliBt 

- hoth De lrd *onm $ @nrdhulor ofvioleM 4:inir mai.d w@en. 

Th. snrdy d$ Ev.ab rtat nMi.n vom.n mbt Aced fac. @nonic md adjufr'ot 

cnst duc to dbinGKr or husblnd to chac! rh. cclp.tion dd t 6pem.d ol 

h8bad rcspelively. It indicd.s liolonc. rgaiNl wond md d.crc of lov€ dd los! 

monC fdily n hb€6 ds the moir 6$q!o* of hoBhold .iish, Ile sfidy snows 

rh.t Mid wm.n srinly fi..

Tnc $dy tLo dalr t!.t arioEl b.l'!viN of *ntu Ddb.ts of |n. f.Dily !d 

ibvolvdcnt of wif. in ircome gd.Erins !.dtni6 mr b. co8lLred s ln. mrit 

neduas to miticde h.usnold crisis, Besid.& viol.ne asainsl mdied wm.n may 

n.inly b. nninlt $ugh abolislrirg dly ndia8. rnd b.ing .dudte4 pFkslin8 

..d cinina violdc. colleiircly. .!!hins @!mic irdeFn&ne md .Mir8 

sp.cial l.w regardi4g vioLn@ asaiBr mdied NmeD dd .NjDE proF dployDor 

5.2 FINDINGS 

Folloving b ihc senu! ofthe findings !s revealed 6m the sinpl. rrbls. 

5.2.1 Persoml Prof'le 

5.2.1,1 The Majoriry oftne apond.rts O6.4yt b.long ro d..g. gbup of (2! 34) 

5r.12 fte mljoriiyollh.6pord! 5 (9'02%).G nmi.d. 

5.2.1.r lri n.jodtt ofde rcspoDdcnk (51,2%) haw lm110 siSn thftu8! nss 

t2L4 n majo,rt of rt. clErdori (c5,4%, e houwiv.s 

51.1.5 Thc n.jotiry ofine 6pond.nl' (33-8%) 4 Malin 

52,1,6 lt@lth cohdnid oflhe nqjority of rhc carodents (76.2%) is ard8., 

52.2 ll||sb.bd's Prcfilc 

52.2,1 tlusbod ol'! oajor Frtion oalhe Espond.ok (47.3y.) hlvc l€mt to sigl1 

thrugh m.s .ducdion md I oonsideBbl. podion (12.6%) ec illireraL 

s1.2.2 Husbad olndority E9mdars (83.5%) *.€ involvld h osricDtu& at 

dE tib. of thct Miag.. 

5,2,23 lusband (f hajoity e!p@d.iL3 {67.1y.) ar present .re involvcd iD 

5.2.3 Famlly Pelil. 

5.2.3. I nE nojoirr of rhe resDond.nls (7370) b.lon! to nu.led fm ily. 

5.2.3,2 HoBhold had ofb.joriiy ofrh. Bpodcrts (7M) is rh.n hubdd. 

160

52.1.1 Tt. m.joiq of thc est nd.ntt (68.9pl6) h!v. fmily Ddh€r Mging 

b.lv62b4, 

52.3J Th. mjo.ity ofdc BponddE (78%) h!rc (I l) childEn, 

5,2.3-5 Tt. n.jority oftbe Fspond.its (86%) hav. onc .uing ndtd ir th.ir 

52.1 Socice@nontcP.o0l. 

52.4.1 Torsl nodrly i.@. olth. fmily ofn.joriry of 0G Espo&r 5 (65.5%) 

e TL 400t or b€low 

5.232 Thc nrjorily of tne respond.nE (64,97') l iv.d/ livcs ii *at a hous. 

t.2.4.3 El6lricily ls not lvail.blc in lhc hoN oftnc mljorily olde resDondols 

(6e.9v.). 

5r.4.l| Aoong 6. Espond.nq lho havc.le.tdcity in their houi.s, dE majdity 

(?6.57t pos .!6Eic f6, 

5r,4,5 tlrin h d!,ilabl. o rhc ho!$ ofrne najonly oflh. Fspond.nh (93%). 

5.2.4.6 Amons $e Espordenls, vho hav. laLine in thcn bouses, the Bajoiily 

Q4,lntldttd.haltuin, 

52.4.? So@ of dirling wkr ($b. v.ll) is a%ilallc iD th. hoe oI mjoity ol 

dc rspondcnb (80.t/.), 

5.2.5 Dcnogr|plicPronle 

J.2.5.1 Typc of nan i.g€ of m.jorily of tlE FQon

5.2.5.7 T!. lgc !1 ndirgc ol Dajdity of ln. EspontLnll (67.20) is h€twd (lt 

52.5.3 Asc di6.se bcNb *om.n .rd rh.ir nEb.rd ofa Bajor pqljo of th. 

rsFdors (43.1%) is b.nen 4 ro 6 y6 dd ddhq @sid.au. 

Dotrion 01.5%) i h.n"@n 7 lo 9 yd 

5.2.53 Firn child .f mjonry ol lh. 6pm&nis (79.2%) va b.m b.taa I to 3 

,ld rft.r ih. 6dia8c. 

5.2.5-10 AvcEse !s. dificEDc. b.twccn $c childEn of bajodg of dE 

Espood.nls (82.47c) is h.twen I to I y.trs. 

5.2.6 Dowry 

5.2.6.1 Dosty ws 8ivd 

in lh. nirialc of hqiodry oflh. Espondenls (91,3%), 

5,2.62 anong thc tstondcnb, who *.8 givtn do*? in dr.t nffiiage the 

najoity (9:!.1%) va dto E.dy @h. 

5.2.6-3 AoonS the rcsponddq in wh@ Miaee dowry s6 noi 8i!e'i, is du. to 

.ithd .h. mMhs. PB .xch!tr9. ndh8. Oridct bDdE ndi.s bdd.'s 

sislerin-lav in lhis @) (J$l.) d loE (4unsnip) ndit€p witnoul lhc 

6.sdr orihc co@ncd fsiliB (t@/a). 

52-63 Th. doml ofridy.!sh of&rvry Sivm in tt. nMi.Ce ofnljotitv ofth. 

6pond. { (?9.4Y.) h l* tha Tl.lO,0OO. 

52.6.5 Ahog thc Bpond..ls in whos mui.g. sdy.!5h of do\tv sG gi*D, 

th. c6h ss @ciEd Lt f.thd-iD'hx/ hc*hd_in-lav of mjoriiv of th. 

Bpond.dri (82.6./t. 

5.2.6.6 Anong the Npondcnls, in *hosc mri.8! Eodv c6h ofdoxtv ms 3ivcn, 

lhc c6n wis dp.nd.d by fatnd-inllv norh..in-low of mjority of thc 

Espondenh(80,57.). 

s.2.6,? Anong tn. mpondenrs, in whoe Dadoso Eldy cah ordoPry was siveD, 

lhc c6h was .xtcnd.d ir . onsidodble .$. in tne mdiage of O. 

@n@.d r5pond.rt (16.2%) aid in anolhcr oonsideBble de lo build o! 

EDat houe (10.5cl.). 

5.2.6.8 Ano.g lhc Espod.rq in !ho$ mdi.s. dorrt rd giv.A the demsd of 

dorry ud n'nlbd by p.Mls of tujoriiy orlhc sDotdenE (92 3vo) 

t62

5.2.6.9 Ahors tne rcsponddr3, in whoe mair8. dolry w6 sircn, ln. d.Mnd of 

do*ry 16 fulfilkd i. a major ce (49,3%) thrclen $lliig of led coN/ 

olh.. goodi r.d i. mothor mqjor ce thmueh peMml dcpsil (48.4v.). 

5.2.6,10 Anong the &spondents, in Nhos nuiage loe was raten to fulfiU tlr 

dfldd of do*ry, iD nljodiy ces (607t the e@ ol lob h nonsowenl 

o4uizalio, (Nco). 

5.2.6.11 Do*ry Ns ml dchud.d .na lh. ftni€s. of nljonly of $c 

r$ordeni! (97.6%), 

5.2.6.12 IlE najdiq of fic rc.pondcnrs (98-27, n!d4E !o cl6h with rh.it 

huband rr&ding dowry. 

5.2.7 Household Crlsi! 

5.2.7.1 Tr?e ol rcl.tioBhip of nljority of ln. Espondqls (57,9/.) with lhen 

husbdd sa/ h jusl cordirl 

5-2.7.2 The peiod of indmatc lclking wiih hNbdd in a day fot majority ol lhc 

6D.ndert : (65.2yt w&V is l.$ lhM I ho!r. 

5.2.7.r Di$Nion nrtt r of inddlc lrlting wilh husband of m.jodty of thc 

Esponddl]l (36%) vat ir oinly fmily oriotcd. 

5.2.7.4 ft. rojoriry oftl'. Espoldc.n (51.5'l.) vat/ sG otsidc vnh nusbid 

5.2,7.J Anong th. r.sp.ftt nc, vho wcn/ go outside with hBbdtd on thi! $. 

nojority (d 1.37.) eldom *i/ g@3. 

5.2,?,6 Tt?. ofror.tiorship olmrjoity oa E Fsponddts (67.2t lilh lh.ir ir- 

laws r&v i i.iue oordi.l. 

5.2.7.7 TIE Fspondsis, rho hav. childrcn, hwe.ordiol relationship wilh lh.m in 

mjonry ca*s (82.1'lo). 

5.2.7.8 nE bl€ ol mjorily of lhc rstondob (30.3v.) in d€cnion ruling PlN 

ofrh. f.nil, is imcdv.. 

5.2-7.9 Th. Dajonrr or thc E+old.ntr (37.5vo) rcvd lticmptcd to suicid. in 

52.7.10 A nljor plrio. ol th. rcsporicnrs (49.t!,4) fr&rvfac.s hoD$bold cries 

sv@ly dd a fN p.nion (19.8%) Lc.dfaces lo ene extent. 

l6l

52.7.11 nE r.sponddl!, Nho f.c.d or l&6 hou$hold cdsi+ mjdily of l^t.m 

(94.3r") foc.d/ fes domic qisis 

5.2.7.12 Anong $i Mpond.ft, who l...d or fa.cs hdehold sisis, lh. toL of 

hBbsnd of th. D.jdity (57J%) is ir&tiv€ uld.r rhe disis h6.d by tlcn, 

5r-?-ll Ands de Bpordcnq qho fsd fe3 hou!.hold dis'r lh. ew or dE 

6i* in ! mijd ce (18,2%) it disintcGl of hsbdd !o chttS! th. 

Mupaioi rd in 8oth. m.jd @ (41%) is tcmpedrt'n of hBb6rd. 

52r.14 Anorglh.EsDo L s, vho 6c.{v f@s houehold cris's, fie @nsqsne 

of h@hold qisis in r tujor w (47.4%) is violde lrrinn ndicd 

mma ed in soih{ 6.jor ce (414%) is ddDe of love dd ttusl 

mongfan b nmhu. 

5.2.8 Viol.nc. 

5.2.3.1 The najo.iry of tn. rAlondols (J] ?7o) fecn / faces violen€ re€nllv md 

14.3% €ver fecd violcn@ i it(i.d lia. 

51.8.2 Ande ln.i Espotdc sr who f.c.46c6 violtu. in Mien lif.' th. 

djcity (8D.?%) w.rc/e otDGsd bv rhcn hEbaflrs 

5.2.8.3 Anms ilE 6Fo& 5 sho fsdv f.6 viol@. th. mjditv (90 6%) h 

opPrss.d nmri , 

J2.8,4 anons lhc $pond.nE, *'lo fa..4 f@s phtsicd violeDc.' rhc mj@lv 

(94.8%) velt b.,b thrcurh hsd ud f@i. 

51.3.5 Out or dic cDod.tIl, wlio f.c.d/ faA plrysial violde' lh. mjoit, 

(89,57t is lh! violin of gnbbing ed pulling bv the h,n 

5,2.8-6 AhoDs tt( rc+dd.nlr, rho fely f6es n nld violo@' $e nij@lv 

(69.8%) is $€ victim ofabusc. 

Jr.8,7 ammg tnc etotdcn! vho feed/ fes viol€n@, $e najditv (6tlo) 

f&ed fao.$ tiolc@ itr.guldly and oPcnly. 

5.2.8.8 ft. 6Fn&ni5! l,)o fe.{t fe6 vioLnc., in a mdjd @ (32 79'") is duo 

b f.ilN tu pcrfon hoehold {o& or c@ of child'd p.iferlv, h 

sothd tujM c& (16.6%) i! du. to huband s frustdior ov.r p@ 

domic @ndilio ud in lh. ce of 1t.79'. b for instiEdid of oth. 

l6,i

5.2.8.9 olr oftne Espold.nq who fc.d/fes violenc€, all ( | 00'/") suf.Fdsuficr 

6on €ontiruoG t nsior rd ftutdlion. B6ides, 65% h6 indic.bd 

5.2.3.t0 

52.3.11 

tt.3.t2 

5,2.8.t1 

52,3.14 

houehold $isis ind 60,1% h6 ne io..d bledin8 &r p.in as th. 

@rsqueno: ofuiol.w agaiftl llr.m. 

Eusbdds 0f mjority of th. EsDoodcnls (53.87t did noi f.e violcnc. in 

O of thc Jrsrond.nB, ahe hBbed fac.d violde in chiun@d' th. 

nljdity (t3.rvt i! opPrcss.d by lh.n anhd 

oln ofrnc respon

5_2.9.6 Out ofdc HpoDdcnts, ! hajd portion (412%) tu d;!g.!d, whih uo1hq 

5,2,9,7 

5.2.9.4 

5,2.9.9 

mjo' porriM (31.4v.) i! .rr.cd to 1he slii@or- 'tsolh m ed wmm is 

ihe @htribuior of !iol.n@," 

O{r oilhe Bpord.nls,lh. nqjorily (8l.lv.) t agr.d lo lhc st.tchcnl' 

"Hubsd n6 ridt to b..t his wifc" bul ot the me ii6e h.vc opined lhd n 

Anons lh€ Espondot!, th. tujodiy (62.5%) is aelad !o lh. sl!&rcit 

alou$hold .risG !.d vid.M lg.inr modd hind6 prcFr *i.lialio 

O of fi. Espond6l3, . stjd Po.ion 06.6%) gG 'np.tLE 6 

Edq',r bdsviour of siot icmb.6 of thc 66ilv ad soihs djor 

ponioD (34.4%) giv.s ittonde on i.volveddl ol vom.n in iMDc 

goeEtins r(iivni6 b nitiS.t. houehold orisis 

i2.9.lo Anos the r6londctGr ! hqjo. po'don (22.2vt na opin€n lbdl violcnE 

asrinst tuni.d Nom.n D.v bc minimiz'd dlough tbolisbins slv 

nuiase ad b.i.g .duq&d, eolncr mjor porlion (213%) lird 

inport lce on cotldtiv. pot.c ud €isl lo violde 'rd 19 8% giv's 

inDoiane d attlining doodic ildepen&@- 

5.3 RESULT OT FYPOTIIESES 

For tlE pcsl stidy ei8ht hypodE$ hlvc b6 fmulaLd. Chi-sq@ ltst ha bcln 

uscd io ra51 iLs *litity rtrxl continlcncy @mci.tt h6 ben usd to *td rn' nri{E of 

EtaiioDsnip betw@ lh. teiabl$. Th. dsulls ec as follovs: 

5.3.1 Th. ftrsl itlolh6ts inl:6 lhtt (Wnh in@lse in mdi'd mn"'s 'd!alio' 

n@hold crisis in Bdghdcsh s@i.ty dccMes $bslatnitlll'. TlE viluG of 

Chi{q!@ 6kuht.d lom tlr d.r! oflh! conened @ti,saov i.bh at 5? 6 

wirh 2 dese of nedm; thdlott, d. Ro*ing h$olhcth (H') is 8c€pLd 

Thc dcgr of Eralidship m.a!t d in rhis .e it 0336 Elich shows l.nt 

sisninst Et.liDtrship tctwa hous.hold cris's i. Beskde$ si'lv ud 

tcvcl ofcdudlio. ofndi.d wm.n 

t66

5,3,2 The sod h)lolhdi! irfca lh.t "witn inc|!4 in nBband's.de'rion 

houshold dhis ir Betl.d.$ si.ry &c66 ldepb". Th€ Ele of Chi- 

sql@ elculald tlm 0E dln of tlE @Imd confDseo.y rabL ir l07Jt 

win 2 d.se oa tuotnj tn@f@,lh. mtt.ilg hyDo66ir ort) ij rcer..d. 

Thc d.gE of ELridirip ms!!.d h |!is c& ir 0.,197 v|lich rhm 

o6d.hr.ly sigrifq aldi@5hip b.t*q hNhold crisis i. B..gk!.J' 

sidy .!d ld.l of.d&rlion of h6bed 

5.3.3 TIF $ird lD?odielis irGB tht "Wilh d*tle in rhe nmb€r ofanily ndbd 

6ou$hotl crisi' in BMshd6i s@icty d@s larg.tf. Th. talu. of Chisqle 

coloulored lioh rlE d.r! of rh. @cdcd 6nlin3ency Lble is 14.J5 with 

2 d4ra of tedomj rh.Efor., ih. worting nypolhBis (Ht is rc@pted. Tle 

deer of elationship ncsuftd in ihis @ is 0.206 which snows fairly 

signiimt Eldjofthb bctwd ious.hold crisis in Ddgladesh si.ly ed 

nmb.. offanily n mb.r 

53,4 Tle fdrh hrTolh*k inl6 ttt'r "wath derc in aontbly irc$. of rh. 

fanit hoehcld din in Bugl.dcsl si.ty inctas saM i.lb". Th. 

v!lu. of C[i-s{ut qtob|.d tw ln. dtii of dE cM.d 6.ri.8tuy Lblc 

is J?.6 with 2 degF of tedoF; $ccfor., 0E ro*i4 ny@6is Gl, i3 

re.pr.d- Ih. drSF ofEl.tidlhip D4Ed in rhis @ it 0386 shich slFs 

fz y injSnifiut al.riodrip bctwd hd*nou qisis in Bauladcsl sicty 

!d tordl oothl, inmc of lh. fDily, 

5.3.5 Th. f'nh ilpolh.sh infc6 lhtl "Wilh incrcN in ase of DMicd Nhcn 

violen@ againsl lheo in Bd8l.d6h s@icty dd..s.s @id.6bly". Tl'e v.lDe 

of chiaqusc calculat d fm lhc d.l. of th. mnemed @niinsency lable h 

18327 vnn 2 dcsE ol fr*dom; lhcrcforc, lhl workins n'lolh.sh (Ht is 

acpl€d TIE rkgEc ofr.htioship n6u!d itr dris 6e is 0.599 whi.h sho4 

noded.ly 3isoif@t Flltion nip bctwa viola@ 43insr Mi.d woftn id 

BalgLrLsl wiety .d .9. of frui.d softn, 

t67

5.3.6 Th€ siih nFolbcsn hl6 ih.l "Wilh incE& in hubsd's er'wdo viol.n€ 

aeainst neied rcmer in Busl.dcsh soci.ty d.cit& @Bi

Th. dudy nainly f@ca d dE edysis of difldni housdDld qis pEvliling in 

Beglad6h si.ty, .bni..lion olsi@mic ed demoCnphic f.cto6 Bpo'siblc 

for hoshold cnsit dd riol€@ aFinst tui.d wm.a meqMs of houehold 

crisis 6d viotme asairl$ ffibd sdo and Drcvide! s@. n€auEs w h a ri4 to 

niti$L houschold orisi$ ed to oinimiE riolen€ .eai.st mFied *omei 

Th. srudy shows tnal najodq oi fic Espondent! eilher liv.d or liv. !nd.r dir.Ent 

kin& of holshold .riss lik. economic, adjuimcn! hdlth md sltitv, It is found thal 

c@omic orutlint dd m.ladjdn nl dong fmilv mdbds onen bds to viol @ 

.8.in$ Dtn.n wm4. lt it lhoughr ii Bds!.desl' sidv d[l dc 4@nic 

BDonlibitity of th. fd ily n of n&. M.. fel dgd ..d nuiiatid if U.v l.il io tullitl 

ih. Mromic n €d of $€ f.ni9, Th.y try 10 neuFtliz. lh.ir og.r ed fNtralion 

though lhc aol lik€ vioLne lsainst womc, who @ sbodimle b lh.m Mailll 

halidjudf.nl dd F.o heal$ condidon of *omen al$ leads to riol'ne agdnst 

mfiicd somen. On lh. otncr hdd, riolc@ ogaitst natriod womcn crcoles 

noladj$bcnt molC fimily ncDbcts, wh.Ed dc.sivc violdce .sliNl $cn Fiv bc 

{E o@ oa fatol injuriB dd vdio6 h.nEl cqslninrs Ev.n qu.slion oa €ltiiv of 

wdo ce d.4p. It is found tbt ho@hold qisis dd iolencc t8aind muicd 

wm.n narc @e+f€ct Fl.riostip on borh sidet 

Thc stu

Fspetiv.ly, L Beslalcs[ tud pcopL .rc usDally nome enteEd, If ooi bound, 

uually rh.y do nol drnLk to go ir ! diltanl pl&c for mainloiniry livclihmd BLt lhc 

Drofflrble Mupltis e nol n4sil, ivail.blc in NFI d* Mo@vo, B&gl.d.shi 

p.ople m very nuc{ Fsion.t 

. Mlny of ln.n donl wer b lav€ lhe ecupalion 

wnich tlFir r.thds dd tbr.fatb.R vcrc !$d lo. Alruq icnp.m.nl of ne is lcry 

omo in Bdgl.d€sh.16 @t is vsy mrch Elat.d b th. palriehal sitl s'5r.m of 

Bdshd.sn siery. Hs. naL child is.&.'5 dcsiEd tnd hc is pNnhd cYdt feitirv 

cdislft virh nE €o.omic @dition of hir !6Erts, em it ndv c.s dspdv'ng 

f.ma,L child oflhe &nit. D!. lo lhis tun lh. vcry bcgjmins w of suplm&v tt s 

bot in nal.k nind- M)@vo, $t mluE of nd. is alMvs csidered s dieFdil in 

Bdglrd.sh seiery, th! .ommo trccpl is tfiat oaL slDuld b€ b&d ,n ml@ in tll 

situlim. Ihis smial domdd ibspiEs nd lo b.navc nc8ttivclv- The snrdt.le rcv.lh 

that rialen€ agi.st nrded vohe. and deresc of lole dd rtusl monl f6ilv 

n.nbss dc the mi. coNeqlerc oahouehold ciis! As tne sietv gives.cononic 

rcsDonnbilit ro nd, it is t.ty mwh po$iblc that nale will $d.r frc6 fostrrtion du' 

lo€corcmi..risisedvill try1o mitisat hi! lrusll6tion lhroud violene aS.insl wmm 

*ho6 hc loows lrdncr$le toi difi.Ent .xp.ricnc or lif€. Bcsidcs, lov' dd trusl- 

borh G af€cted udd cnsis, *i.lhd @omic s adjushd! 6 in this @ no tanv 

cb eG& oln.F, Th€ tudy ots Bc.ls lhd 6tid.l bd'avid or his Ddb'6 or 

rh. fldly d

lcds lhat mdi.d *(m.. e n.inly opptsd by t]jcn h6bdd du. to Silc in 

pafoming houshold duti.s, husbddh fru$rnion ovcr poor €oonohic @ndilion md 

irotigatid ol olh.6 ag.i$ vile. On. ding should b. nalid.d h@ tn.l$. l.val of 

f.iluE h assed by iot only hBbsd, but ile by orhd fmily 6emb€G. Thit.o 

dcu 6ily s d. shl syn.m.xpc.l3 p.rfEt rclc playug fron tMi.d womd 

!.glditrg nouenold ddies ifrsldtiE of a8!, Eligid, sitl ed mic sl.tui .tc, 

Th. sludy shos tlBr nrdicd r@an niinly $ft6 td cerinuot rcnsion .nd 

iufiarion udd dy uisis .Id bk ding &/ pain udq desiv. phtsiol viold€. 

Viol@ .8.iisi voM m, d.o bin8 hols.lDld dins it ln. fmilt Slch s, 

cx@$iv€ physidl dd oaLl violoe nry iffi the qFdiM ld t !!nat, ft 

may .t c@& adjslf,€.t crisis in $c hnily- Thc study al$ r'hm.s 6ort'' hoehold 

crisie dd violen@ asainn mri.! wncn, fot hindflng propa sNiolizldon of 

childE.. ft .l$ snows d[l violen@ a8ii.n odicd *omeD is Elated !o lmilv history 

ofthen husbdd Esddns lh. tuttcr, Actuauy ts I vih.$ of violde ag.iftt nolh.r oi 

o1ho fdily nenh€6, md uconsio6ly nay be nibitual in drc nancr. A . humd 

bcinS his inirdtua6s ed $bconeious d.sia fo. Eve.sc nav ldd hin lo lh. vio'cn@ 

ag.inn h; wif. Tne .udt als drws tb.t violoc. sg].inst 6di.d mRn is Ght d 1o 

lg. oa '@a! lcrcl oa .d!c.rio ol husb.n4 .s! at ndne. or w@n ed .8p 

di$cEn€ h.t*a huslnd and qiG, lr i3 dlity tha1. mjd podid orvoDo i3 8ol 

'Micd in d dly a$ in BxSllddh, If (E wifc h lq{8e4 d. h6hcld eiu b. 

trdsily lw !g.d 6 epndlly 4 io 8 yaE .8c ditr@e b.twd hurb d Dd wif. 

is ssidd.d silable id Bsgllt6h leicty t w.r ot higher ag. difi.EDc. in lhis ce 

is .onsid@d qc.pliool. Howev.r, it is foutd lhrt mcnLl fe€lings du!r5 b.sl witn 

yoDre pssons in. gft:Li.r d.sre, oldq p6Plc !d contol n.ntol feelinrs likc .ng.t, 

.8iiarion, .xoitem€d, nartation .t. moF .sily the ln. ytug due lo llEir alc .nd 

.xe4icM. For lhis old|r !{ens cs avoid violdc. asainsl numed eneh .6ily lhh 

thc yous. Asanl in $e fi6t f.w Fs of ndi.sc wife nav fd n R|f olrsidd in 

hubard's fdil, .sptially rn.n ,o or mdjnDn ndbd of dE f.nilv 3how 

dilint €c atod nd. Ar a 

'st md.djusntdr mog lidily Ddbas tuv @. '!!o 

.xisrcne, vticn soy sb*{6t9 k d lo violcn@ .gliNr ndied *@d. Thd wilh 

rhc Darssc ofrime new wife b@ns rorh., sd slowly is dble to .sLblisn u lurhditv 

in t'e fdily. Tnis My I(.q tiolo€ .saiNl hc. I. lhc s.d ce .ducotio tutca 

nush€nd 6oG oNious, noF iolcd. lnd m@ rcalsens€d Thal s whv ho cd Dbrc 

himelf @Nidd.te la his vifc aloldjns violcrc. lsainst hs. In the lhird a& thc studv 

t7l

shows lhat lbe woncn whoe ise d mril8. is low (telow l5 yds), f&.d/ aae 

liotcn@ noE |nd ttu wma who* .s. heiarc is conpd.tiv.ly hi8h. The logic 

h.nind the audirg is rhd tt *om.n sith e .dly ige al mmiage dw to then lsc & 

€iIhd @we d nor s co@iou! .bo!l hditil !.sponsibilili6. As . tNll dflicl mly 

ri$ dd th.y bay subs.{cniy b. oprcse.d by hEbard ard olhd fa6ily n.mt d. 

\vilh th. ircl4 oa {c Rom.n @ Mplr.livcly c.pable of b.&ins dditil 

csDondbilitid dd to edjln rhdelB i. hsbed's tdily Thal's vhy lh. mdi€d 

wdd witn @DFBdrcl, higho !8. d heiag. 8y fae ls violaa lte tum.n 

qilh lord as. .lDs]!sc- In lll. foudt cE. hishcr !s. dif.E.@ b€.w hlsb{d dd 

vife nay ilrit* violde lgoirst mei.it rmo, ll k usu,l dEr ndll et uP of 

huod beins is mtuEd with th..gc,IllhcE is noe difeE @ oface betwM hlsbdd 

and wife, ilr6 is ! srsl ohdcc of h6vin8 diff.Gnt n nl.lity of $em, wbicn ndt tlm 

i.to naladjBtne am,!g lh.m .nd lcad lo violcn@ agaitu1nni.d Nomen as 

'!s 

B.sid.s, lne study @als dowry, moa numb.r of oh'ldrE4 dui4 naintme or 

Dlilimhal $ial ordd, i.lbitity of d{ 10 mn@i4llv sPport her *ife dd th. wisn 

ro conrrol na 6 rn n'in f..roc of viol@ a{Firsl Pomen it Bdgrad6t' sidv n 

al$ $M th'r Mjdiq ofin qdd b.li.w in d'c n8!l ofDn to her nis vif!. Th* 

woDq m *ncd ir rudc.n by oM si.ty which .tMys adnil lhc $pEhacv of nd 

ovq wona. lr e bc sid eirh @Einry tut rhir O?c of !€guiE rhinlin8 of lmd 

inspiFs the oppEss lo oppE$ lhd sily. Th. nudy al$ snows that vioLne allitd 

ndi.n {oha my Ninly b. hininircd lhrough .b.lishing @ly ndit8. ed b.'Dg 

eduBted, plcftsins ed rcsistirg violoc. colleoliv.ly, ltaidiry unoDic indepe ten@ 

dd c@tins sp€cial lav,€g.rdins viol.ncc 68.inst mmied wodd tnd.nsuiry prcp.t 

5.5 LIMITATION 

HmM lihi.rion is ff .irdal thirS- Th.E i! no dc.plion in dF Ptwnt stud, .ko A3 

$c nudy 61!irs o snir mft.r lit. rioh@ alFi.st Mi€d wnen, feilv 

odh.u oflE Gpoident5 h.t. trr.t n lh. !t6@hcr with t sugacion in lh.n nind it 

@y M- It rc a rou8n job ro tulc lh.m Edirc dE n.!d or lolki4 vit rlE 

t12

Fsoond.nr .lon. &d 10 obtain lhcn llust rhal lhcy Pould mt b. on in Dy dd8!r du. to 

rhe d.l!.olbction.fiorr. sondins rhe siludion ws contusin8 a som. t spondedts 

tied to lovide the Escher viih wns infomation in lh. 6rsl slct of data collciion 

due b tn.ir thoudt oflepinS lnei. fanily honou i a.r' Sm. rcspoDd.nLs weE eiiher 

shy d .fsid ro she tsir $fidirss to ! str@ss. UDder th. sirution Dfth .fron {@ 

naded b fr.tc $.n u.d6Lnd d. im!ml&. of rhc @l itfomtio b rh. Ese@h.r 

ad d I.n ir @uld b. pssibL lo o$tl6. srch poblms bd Posiblv nol @plelv 

Bcsides, s . fdale Rehd €xlcnsivc rav.llina in 'ul d.ts w6 nol $ eat 

Mosov.r. dn. dd iml€qurcy of tund bo!.d @tu.d tn. rceehd i. a linited r@ 

fd condsti!8 rhc sw.y Orhe*is, lh. study ould be fa noE fruirfrrl' 

5.6 SUGGESSIONS 

Over tl. last t*o d.c,net violcne lgninst Nmo h6 become on. ofd. nost visible 

ed aniculoted s@iar k$es in Boghd.sh Bcing cohcerned lboul lho mancr difI ienl 

soyemots ot Bogtd.sn nad. L!.1 rofoos in difieEnt rin's wirh a vid to 

sinimizc violde .Caiin lmm But uons ditr dt tvpe of vio!'@ @urEd 

as.i$r9@.q ddn lric violeM hs @ircd @Panrivclv 165.tt nrio. AchEtvm 

najor impotcndl in lle shulrid Egsdirg viols* .8oid ndicd Mm is 

noti@cblc duc to.lol of Mons lilc pattishal Ddi0litv of ilc sictv, @nm'c 

deFnd.noy of vomd on men, &ceptlnce of Yiolenoe dgaimt ndicd woncn in fte 

sooiety s ..tu!|, .cccptoce of tiolcnce .!ai.st ndied won.n 6 a Prilare 6fio 

Elisio$ dogna od 5o on. Ev.n lh. {on ! tbedelv.s, to., e not.blc lo sli4 the 

sindii@. Th.y on . scc€rt violcc aslitur |nd 6 nat@l 6 lhcv gd re8tuv' 

sialirrion f|m r[.n.hjtthood. As. F$ll vioLne.aainst nlti.d mmcn peBi$ 

ir spitc of .silqlioN, r'or.sts .nd 4dom t*.n bv goemcnt sc nd_8ov€m.d 

The@ is widc eor€ ofEsedh on th. Fnicurar isE of hous.hold cdsh wit]t r'feEn& 

1o violdc .$ind mnncd qmd in BanSttddh sieiv flE pcot slldv $nich is 

@n6n d lo o'!y tso vill.sct of . disLicr s be qhd.d ro olh" disicts of 

BdrLdcth for moE MmE so.Eli4iim The Mna is of dE vi'w d'tt irrh'

snrdt of hd6.hold sislr wilh EI:Ene 10 violdcc a8ai.n buied md is @ducted 

or a lars.r sL rh. IindinSs will b. m@ 3isrifi6lt sd 'lm Btul. 

In vi.s oftn fbdinss oflh! pFslsludy thc folloeing n6uc Day be scis$led lo 

nirisatc ho@lEld cnsis dd io hiniDiz. violene 4aitut nMi.d vonen in 

L The beh.viou ol !@nts in ! joitrt fmily should alvays b. t*ional s tlev e 

the &ivin8 foEe ofthe fanlly, n.y.d lls dl€nd rncn h€bi.g hdd ro $.t 

son ed deghtoFinlaw liv.d li nucl.ar fmily ro mitbal€ adjuslment ctisi3 

lceping moyon{:., $9.r, se of tomp.lirioh.E owlv fom dEirnind 

2. Inrcl@ent ofuon n in ltcomc glnetd{iog lctivities nlv be @Bid.i€d h.lptul 

ro .adiste econohic criiis. 

3. Libedl 6d .ducariontl tthdrhdc in lh. fanilv m.v be consid.rcd h.lptul to 

nitisate ldjustnc .n3h. Bolh- hub.nd ed wirc s well as other fmilv 

nembcB my bc t€d fim nin kd ud d lnlc l6sm sboul dre ner't 

bch.viM dd€r lh. situttid. 

.1. Nmba of limn.d chil"ht n.t .lm)s nclptul to Bilisare ..

8. 

9. 

|l. 

t2, 

B. 

l5_ 

Ir . courtrt lite Bmgladcah whcft najority p€ople liv. ud.r .6nomic 

consf.inr, to snri birth cnildE noE rhtu tvo cd only ino.asc ine dstEint 

which nay furhrr lerd to violdc. r€Einsl ndi€d {odcn, Hd@, lo k€.p dE 

nunb.r of cnildra lini|d m.y b. hclp hininizin8 viotde 4ainsl ndicd 

Son Esponden$ of t[. nldy prfq living in a nucld fdily. TlDy h.ld dEr 

woh.n living in x nucl.r fmily h.v. noE opportuitt to mainiain ! Sood 

r.ladonship wi{r [Fn busbqnd, compftd lo ! joint f@ily 

Somc FspondeDl ' sivc inponsG on nainlaitins tadnil b.h.viour ot t€half of 

womd in . d.y nr day lif.. 

Violc@ .gainn muied Bm.n is r wial cvil To nitinia th. p.obld sial 

nobilirilion is !.6{y. Anlj-violde @mitr6 nlv b. fom.d t@ lh. 

mlion.l lo lh€ grN-@1 l.vch. P@plc should be n.dc coNious 6s!sh 

dift c p6pasan& aotiyidcs lik ludicvisul nedi4 pictlB, dcmonst"ton 

Tho lcgal Flom to minimi2! tn viol.ncc aSdnsl noFied (on.n is neoessarv- a 

lr.diiional disimimlort nom .boul vomeh is lo be lbolish.d dd' a nw 

rrnd should b€ built on thc foudalion of .qulitv' rccipreitv Md 

hLdcp.n.kne oimn dd tom.n. Doncslic vioLG Ptlvdr'dn d is ! nust 

id pbF .pplicalion oftlF he k ro bc a$r.d 

Both do$y bd dlty mdi.gc e Fl.tcd wirh violdce .gainst nrfti.d Nond 

TlFGloe, stbnsu puishn nt lhould b. docted unh t vie* to cddiolc dowv 

srsicm ..d sly Ddiage frco lh. so.ietv vigmus sicl lwdnc$ csDdsn 

should rle b. inlNdwed to hFr rh. dd 

tlGc ahdld be a udodl policy to ttt d.td to violdc..Saiml w()M- Th. 

policy should be Fu.d on lh. b.sis of g.n@l @ffi 4o!8 najor polidc.l 

p!ni6 Dd dn&nt gblts of civil sidy of dle @mltv. 

bnly, n is dilicuh 10 ch88c dt4hins in d, sdi.lv bv lhc Sovcment 

innidlv.s alonc. In a p@r counlry titc Bdsladcsh onlv collabonlive .llod! of 

both GOs md NGOS .sn bdts iiuitfDl cheges in th. sooictv dd cd 

subs.qunlly cduc. vioLM .saiist women ii Beglad.st seictv. 

175

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OhsgN: II.TFCdUE r!bti$6 

78., Johtron, Allen O. (1995) ?r, Rlaclvell Dctiohaty oI S@iolos, CMhndE l 

?9. M.nharl, Gordol €d. (f99q Cahd Dictioht! of S@iotoe,, f .d., @ttd. 

Oxford Unive6ily l,Ess 

30. Sh.m4 B. B. (.d.) 092) Et 4lopedi. Dtuo@t oJ So.iolosy, Nd Delhi: 

31. Witipe.Ie, fh. Fnte Encr.lotEdi4 htlb://...wikiedia6re/wiktsocielv 

JOURNALS 

32. Al'ned S,M. (2005) "btinFre ParrEr Viohnm asoiin W@d: Expsi.M 

am n Wmuliascd D.EtoF .nt PFs'llmc in M.d.b, Bdstrd.sb" J 

Health Popul Nut,21.9s-\01 

81. AndeM!, Krislin ! &d UnbcM4 Dcb6 (2OOl) .Gddajle viotoE: 

M4llility ed posr in nd3 '.lfutl of dooeslic viole@,, C€rdsf d 

34. BaEs, Li$ lvt; ScluLr, Sidn y Rulh; Ist.r! Fo!@ sd kt D, Md, Kbliol 

(2004) "SeiGondic FeroB Dd Prcoss Asi.r.d Witn Domdnc 

viorqn@ in RuEr B.nghdcsL" ,lrre dtoel Fanity Plaming P pectiy' 30 

{{)19G9 

35. B€gm, Htu da A*h.r (2005) "Conbaring Dm6ric Vioterc $rough 

ch43in8 r$Nillgc tud Afitudc ol Malcs: Ar Expcrim.rbl S.udy in ItF 

VilLs6 of Boslad.sn", 6".rDem,r, vol.l2:53,74 

132

86- 8..$4 M. Lj lt'x. Ct; Dc Mqii Aud Vd Wld r e00, 'Ncignborhood 

Di$dvetase, Irlitjdual Econonic Dislr.s sd Violdcc alaid Womcn in 

Ltinale RelatioD$ip6," Jolz,r Crirrol l9:207-215 

87. Bdsco, L rc 0995) "swivi.g wit tuF: H@ w@co D.6E ed CoF 

\|i'ltrrh. viol€@.: violerce AsaiNt Won.n tttlT-,:a 

33. B.rN SB, J@b$n NS ald Colt ne JM 0999) Demd-sithdraw Inlerion 

i. Coupl6 wilh ! viofe.t Hsbaq' Jounal of co8tlti,s ad Clini@l 

PqElntop, 61(5) 666-474 

89- Bh!V4 A. U., Smin T. od HMifi, Hditi, S, M. (2001) Nalurc of Dom.rric 

violcne aginst Wond h . Rutal Arca of Bsslodcsh: Impliand for 

PE@rive ltn tuunrioi" Joml of llealth Poptldio" @td Ntuiatt, 2l 

(l),48-5a 

90, Bowlus, A J. and SciE, S. N (2006)'Don sti! Violocc, Enployndt sd 

Dirot.4" l;'tenslianal Eeotunic R.ri* 41(4)t lrrr49 

91. BFMins CR (:looD"Tne rp.r of olldive cili@y: cirordirs sill 

di$rg&i?tion rhery io piinci \'ple@;'Joutnl oJ iloiage .,A Ftuilr, 

64{4):833150 

92. Bu|!&i G.; R$hi, E,; Jatai R; Jodo, S.; B.irgovic, V. lnd r,!g, U. 

(200t) "F&to6 r$@ialed wirh Spoust Phrsiol Violdoc. in Albanir: CGt 

Sationcl sludy, ' ,n/l 3 t:197-201 

93- Criq Msd; r']taEnl' Sy.dr RotGt dd N.hd, Steu (rEl9) "cltit 

Pdli.rchy &d Womcr's work in BudaAath\.' Po@lation &.t Devtow.ti 

.t€,i',. vol.5, No, 3, s.plqb.i 40J438 

91. Cspb.U JC. (2002) "t{alh CosqM6 of Inrirwc Plrrrd violdc.," 

IMet !59:1311-1336 

95, Cmpbell tC, Ca)io-MocDo C ed sharF P (2004) Abu$ during pFgecy iD 

indlrrri.liad dd d.rclopins outn a VioLw Agat4t ,/otua t0{Tt17On9 

96. Ch.ndo, Aadu. Rlnne (1999) .Dh!8h6, Khu O Nqi Nirj.Lr: 

Pr.lihrhi4 Nr l,olirodhjoggo B6lohos" [R.pe, Murdq &d OppE$i@ 

.gins w6cn: R.rEdirs d Alr.fr*L RdJj'],, Itw)et PotttldJtp, 15: 

7"tt 

t8l

9?. Coler, A. L, e D. L. Rjchtd 0998), .Viol€M Aginsr Wonm in Sicm 

r@q FF4kN) ed Cftlrr.. of l.ri@& larnlcr violdce ed FoMd 

S.xltlrar.Mws,' AIrl@ Joufttl of Atyodutt& IIedtA2(t): 61 72 

93. CoLm&, D. II. ard SFalq lvl A, (1986) "Mditll pow4, Cornjcr md Viotene 

i! . Nad@ny lllpllqdrivc sopr. ot Asqi6 Conpll9], yiah@ a1n 

vhtim tQJ: r4!..t51 

9c Dohad! R, E md Doh.sl'' R-(19?7) "tdc, HoN {d Obcy: bnnua@l 

Id.olosi€s ed 1!c StrugSlc fd Btll,q.(w@n" Cott npoh,! CrLsist,lt4'1'- 

415 

100, D@, sondh S.u,rs Ja (2001)..Coopa.arive Rlvid ofchnden,s Ri8hrs ad 

Woma! Ridrs i, KoG6 ,, ,re* orer, vot.44, No.2 

l0l. Ellsb.B, M.j l{oi*, L,; pd4 R.; fulrrq s. &d Wintvi$ A_ (200t) 

''Itcs@hiD8 Donestic Violoc. ogain5r Wono: MrthodotoSical dd Ediel 

cocid.ani6," lr,dF@ P/@ 121-16 

102- h8in, N; Blyrr, N.j AlDer, z; s.linoglu, K .rd Bilsct, N. (2005) .Dmestic 

violcM: A Tngrdy b.tind rb€ Doo.," tyoMr n aLh 4z(4:35-5r 

103. ril@€, FF {d Bhani LI (1999) "Dondjo Violm sd Hcattn oI pdkisrad 

Wo(E\" InkmdioMt Jovnal of ctwtop dtd Ob,khid, 65gJtt9t2'r 

104. C4ia-Momo, (:. (2002) "VioLn@ Araiasr Wda: Wbr i5 thc World Eeatd 

Ora$iz,iih doing.l;' qtuab&l & Obtetri\la. S|9 -5t22 

105. Oeia-Molm cj ,e*4 E. A_j Eltshc.g M, rrcis L. &d wa!s' c. H_ (2006) 

"Previlqs of inlimalc p€nna violae: findinSe tom rh€ \r,HO nulli ctuFy 

sit|dyd*mo s ndn[.d don.nic vioteM," l@r 368r 1260 t26, 

106. Cq vFi ,ohBn, SC; Benttcy ME, c1 at. {2003) .C@ssi!g tne Thrcshotdr 

EnlendeEd Dennnim of s@i.Iy Aephbt Dob€ric VioL,e j! Ct oal 

htdiL Ctlt Heatth {8.5:3934't 

107, lkdi, Abdullah (2000) *PGvate.E Md corcrl&3 ofrh. rist of Mi|!t viol6c. 

i\ Budnd.*' Joundl ol bter.'@tul yiote@ r5:7a1 4Os 

108. Haque, Y.A, e.l Cldt(e ,,t4 (2002) fi. wonn Fricrdty H$pilat tritiarivc 

h Aoshd.sh Sctrias: Si&d.rds rd rhc c4 of w@.n subjd b violqEc- 

Gttulog, & ob{etri618: s4t ,s5o 

lO9- H.i., Lorj L. (1993) lvbkrc .srins w@.n: tu i.t cnb4 @losjqt 

I34

lta.wo&" yiokw asaiat Vowt 4:262-290 

ll0- Ho6ua L D. Il. Ddb, @d.t. N. Ed*irds (1994) .,Physiol wife Abe h . 

Non-We1€m Sdidy: Ar ht.gni€n nr@Gd !9N@L" Jounat ol 

l,|aniaz. dtd th. ,FMilrr 561 l!l-146 

lll. HoFig& TJ, Schro.der AV ed Scbifra RM (2OOO).,Thc trilrr of $br!e 

3bo!.! viorqE , Md d.pEsi@ 4 tfiaEt*d a pgsl,c!;, Jou"a! of 

Sub a@ Abw |reat@"|,l9(l)t 5158 

ll2. Hor.lir& G.T. bd Sug!@ D B. Ot86) "Ar aralrsis of Ri* M.*s in 

InE!{d !o wilc Viol@: Th. Clmnt Srd. of Kndl.ds.," t/rat e 4 

vtdttu lQr.r'r-\24 

l13, ICDDR, B, {20061 '.Dooesdc violerc. agairsr tumeD in Bd9t^des\", Hadth 

aLt&iw R lai,,yol.4No,2 rrc 2006, ICDD& B: Car. for Hdtlh sd 

lopuhlid R.sturh 

rl4. hh.n, Momuz (200?) "viotde lsainsl Womc, in Bdlladcsh: Ar Ov.fli* 

of C.B od colcqw€q" lin o*etutu,vot- t1t 41-39 

ll5. taiski JL (2004) "P€gmcy dd dmenic viotdnc.r ! Evid of lh. 

tirenrq.," TruMd, yiole@ & Ab6., 5(tJ:41-4a 

116. Jcjatnox s J. (193) "Wi6-bari4 in RuEl tndid A tlBb6nd\ tughr? 

Evi&M tm Sury"y Dara" ,.o&, ic od potiticat walt SXrs) (rr Unit). 

855-{2 

ll7, Jcjethoy, Snitq! J. 0998) .AsciariN b.t'q Wifeb.5ling dd F.rt ed 

hhnr D.!rh: hr'qim n@ . Survey in R@l hdi.,,',tlai5 r I@r/i 

P lerihs, 29 (3)1i00-308 

l18. Jcjebhon S, J-, md L J. C@t (1997) .sLtlc Ac&utabilily for wife-h..ting: 

I}c India cb,rLnse," Ia?r J49 (MaEl,): St lo-.sri2 

ll9. Lwk s R. (200:t) ..htiDal. pr{rFr ViotcM: cau$! ed pEv.ntion," 

LM.L359.1421-1429 

l2o JdLr R; Lvin, .t ud pqD-K.tra N. {2002) *Rjst Ftu rd Dmcslic 

violae Firdingr nm n Sodh Anim clwstioal S1udy," &.rt ,t ,.e 

na lledicire s5\tD. l6o3J0 

l2l. ,oh@q Mi.h&l P od F'l@, Kathld t, (2000) ..RcsaEt o! doo6ric 

viofcne in tlE r99os: Mard.s digjNtioE:, Jot"at ot Manias. o,.r h. 

t35

122, kbh N!il. (1C88) qsuhodin tion oa Struggb: wonen in B&gl!d.sL', Xrt 

I!./ &rnry, Nc I t8, M,rch-Aplili 95121 

123, Kodis MA or at- (2006) "rndividual and Corrcxiut Da.mimrs ofDm*lic 

viord@ in No.Ih hdir,".1J@n:@ Joto,td oJ Pubtic lhdth 96(t)tt2-t3t 

i24. K@nig, Mich.ci ,\.; Ansed, Saifuddinj H@iq Mia D.zte e{t Mozub.r, 

A. B. M. Khonhtd Alh (2003) .Wono! Slat6 ed Dmalic Violoe jn 

RMI Brqgbri.h: bdMdual &{t Comuiq rrvcl Etrd:" De@S.qOrl, 40 

Q):26Y2aa 

l2J. rrishM S. (2qJ5) "Lro slruc!61 lftqudni.s Conlibui. b Mlir.l viot@? 

EttlosElnic E!i&M ioD Rur.l Sajjnt^di4" v'@Lw A$ais vM |l 

759-115 

126_ KUm S.; Jq6Etd, L.j s@slr s. ad Aluja R. c. (zoot "DorGdc 

Violence $d I1s Mnial Hahh cedar. in l(tio woocn," ,/ J 

PttthidrylST A-67 

127. t ug \v C, IJung TW..d L& YY (199) *rh. pr.wleE of Doacnic 

Violqe ag.iost PE8ntut Vomcn i, a Chin* Comuity," .t rdronzt 

Jott dl ofAye.olos) attd Obtt tri6,66(r):23-30 

128. Miibud, Mohd. qrirri,r HNin dd MidL M.tsda pdir,, (1998) 

''oppE$ion or Muslih Womon: IlE Tdr dd Bmstadcsh Co,text,, 

Erynw"t,v.l_ s:754o 

129, M.rr4 S, L.; MoEooo, K, E.; C@, J. ct at. (2002) "Doncni. viottu. 

Ccnerario6 lindnes '.@ 

liom Nonnm t1t J Erjd.niot.3r:s6\-5n 

l3o Msrtjr, S-L Kilg3lLq 

'ndia" 

B.; Tsui, A.o.; M.iFa, Kr sin8b Klc dd KlpFr, L.L 

(1999) Sceal lrehavioB dd Rcrroductiv. Healh Our€ones: Asialion! 

si|! wifc Abu$ i. Irdja, llt a,2921r961-r9.n 

l3l. MileeDotu, R. 6d K.lt, S. (1997) -C@8r.phic Colmnri@ of violcncc 

b.t*en llltimale Psl!.6,,. p!61i. Heaj k ntp. I r2:r3 5-t 4 | 

r3?. M@vi, S. M. and A. Esh.gilJl. A., "wif. ale i! Esf.t 4 tstftic Rcpuhtic 

ot rru\ 2002 , Dastcm Mediknetu thalth Jamt,yo| rr, Not, 5\6,2005: 

860,869 

133. Nan K dd H/q A (2003) "viottu againn F.gMr wond in Dcvetopins 

Co$hta] Eugted Jorthat o,/ public ltealh, 1tl2).105- roj 

186

134. Nave4 Rj Azin, S; Bhuiya A &d PeBon, L.(200O .ftysic.l vioLrc by 

H6bodr Magniludci Disclosw and Help S*ldng Bchlvior ot Wobm in 

Bt\gad.s\ Sc t i ibrl26t6,62t29r1-29 

l3J, Nov€d, R, tadPctls, L.A. (rcces on 3 t.5,2008) ..F@1o6 swi.tcd {ilh 

Spo6al Phtsicd '/iokrm .gains! Women id Bdd!de+.. &,/ ,',r p/@, t6 

(4)18!300 

136. Nayalq MB; Brnc, CA Matrilr MK dd Abnhm, AG, (2003) ..Arftudcs 

towad Violene igaiNr WomeDr . Crc$ N ion sludy," ,ta lto/* 49(7q33tl42 

117, o'canpo P et al (2005) "Uncovdi,g Ncighbolihood Influen6 on Iflinare 

Pdtnd Violcncc sing coiept Mappin!," Jounal of Epi&ni.tog aad 

CoMqiq H.aA, 5XDj{3-408 

138. O'Cmpo P e1 .l I 1995) .viotdc by Mate Pqdncn agai.lr women during lh. 

Childbdine Ye': s Cdtlxtut AstJsE" lwrid Jov,al oJ pu i. Eeath, 

85(8)1092-1097 

l!9. Prchd.dcswd& S. ed Kovercta, c. (2005)."The vo'ccs ofBancr.d WoneD 

i lndi4' Violerce /tgaiB| Von.^||:736-1 58 

140, Pau{i.L Cin&di Sh.JN (2007) - DoncEic violda egai,s Wm6 in 

Neptl", Gende Ii:.hnologt anA D.ealot retu,Vo1.tt,Na,2 tt99-2jt 

l4l, R bb.& fidat (200r.Tom!, C{lg,rd rhp&.s of viola€ .s.inn 

\vond in RMI Bdgld.sb," at! Jo@,A of&ciat Sttdtut,Na.rr6,264l 

142, Raln@, Shahecn (1999) "Lingoviftio Nitltan" Ic4dq b6ed Violen@) 

Utl,lant Podok*itp,5 (tsr: 4348 

143, R bno, ShrlE tr (2006) -PDtushn K@ N&i Nirjalon Koc; ptunotito 

Puruh.no Dhsoru BiniM,' [Why Mm Opprcss wonc( Re@nsldction ot 

tte Compt ofM,n[@4l, Ure)@ potbrttp, 12 O): r26-t2a 

144. Ral|M, Tdi6 (l9r..Mdiaso, S.parrrion &d Div@. MoIg Middl. Ct4s 

Fmily in Dhd€ Ciry, Bdstalsh , .to.,z/ rci€e. n '&y, Vot, Xry, No. 2: t3- 

145. Roy, Rir! &i (l!)94)'Ban r.d SpoB Sytrd@d.: Viol€n* lgaind Women in 

Mdt^C.", Satu! NiikbaLval,52: 5u). 

t87

146. R@iq sei (2001) .Cloing lh. Cdpus for f.mtc Srudcn6 in 

BE!$.n *\' y/o,Ent S|ldt 5 btetuiou| Fw,Vot,24, rto.2: |i7-t66 

147. Rudd J&c (2001) 'Dowry-Mu:d.r: An EMple of Viot.m AS.inst 

, 

Womcn, 

t Stadi4 ltenalio'td FoM 24. 5tt5n 

I43. 

'y@n 

Schuler, S- Ri Hah€mi, S, M,i Riley, A, P. and Aldl.r, S. 0990 "CEdil 

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149. S.nuicr, s. L, ll6b€ni, s_ M. dd B.drl s_ H. (t998).1vi.n's viol.@ 

ASrial Wometr i! Rud Bsgladcsh: Urdedined or Eee alcn by 

Mio@ndh Pro8M6?," &Etop,€,, in bulice Be): t18 t51 

150. Shrfq, J.nnifer (r 998) .Ai ksuc ofHum RiShri" /o,., j,,4.rioa No. I 

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Homioidal Bmr" M.dab, rz,. 46: t ot-l l O 

152. Sd, PUm (1999) Dondic violer@, D.poiarioi. Md w('@! R6isr{E: 

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153- Sl.cL, F; Anin, S; .rd N!v.4 R, (2OO I ) ..SavirBs/cEdn C@up Fo@otid ed 

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154. 3lr.6, M., dd R. c.ll* (1986)..Sai.l!l Cnage tud Chdge in FMily 

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I55. Submeiall, S.V.; Ac]t &D, L& SubMdym, M.A. $d Wrigh RJ. 

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PEralene b lrAit| ]d J Epaeniot J6.569-579 

156. TaucheD, H. v.j winc, A. D. &d LonC, s. K. (r99O "Donestic Violcnce A 

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157. T&chen, H. V,i wi(e, A. D, dd long S, K. (r99t)."Th. Drnuics of 

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153. veda, RK md (ollunbicd. M, (2003)..wife bcdling and ih. link wirh poor 

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Connol Sd Pmk,1. I I :125-129 

160. Wr[.4 tdia tud Bnuiy!. Abb6 (200a .BancEd Bodi6 & Shrnd.d Min&: 

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126:341-354 

16l. wdrs C, ZiIr@lM C_ (2002).viot.@ rg.isr Wmo: cloboi S@p. ed 

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162. Zea4 Habiba 099) "viot E AsliEr wobcn ir B,rslad6h lssa6 .nd 

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Ei&hn Haalth srxLa Dtsc$i' pap.r No 225, p,46. Washington DC: The Wortd 

135, ICRW 099). Prrr,i.d atd Pl]atet st al Dotui. Abw: I Mutri4it 56., in 

ftd,a, Repon in Bri.r, tht Mrionat Ccnr€r tor rbset! on women (ICR\i} the 

C.nt for O6ek'pn@r tld popotdion Studi6 (cDEpA), ed pDnod,g \vmo itr 

Devdopnent 0I(O\{IID) 

136. ICRW {2009) huhzle PdM liole@: Eish CosB to Hoehbld ond Cm,nities, 

h|cmri@l curF fd R.$@h m w@@ 0CRw) dd Uni&d NarM poputddoa 

187. InLoalional c.dLr f@ n€$,r.h o wofrm, c.nre fq D€v€lopddr ad 

Populrrio Actn ids (2000) Doerr| liot M k !,tio, A. snd6.r/ &ep,n ot a 

Multiasil€ Hoehold sw., Wshir8ton, DCr lDteMdoral Cencr for R.s.en on 

r88. Isrrh, MaJD!.]| (2005) sauth Aid vown\ Adrb@, ptosrM: D.na,ti. 

Vi.L@ @ong &uth ki@ F@ttr lrtjrS t ri€ aIS, A Rcpon on Ficl{trqk 

cd

m.hnu

199, N&sb ttnnni ed Surctulr.G Ap@ (196) SiLM: lbnati Viote@. 

hnp/ *rw.@lmbn.cdu/cu/@.nnlssarvfstD6,Sir€.@.blnl 

200, Naipotkho sftl B&slodcsn Mznila ptnshtn, F@ituaih? lhe FulJitretu of State 

oblisatiorc TaNaAs votun, Eqwtity, Betine R.pon on viotqce Asainsr 

wofu h Beslad6h, PEparld by N&ipolkho md B&ghdqsh Mabh pbri5[rd 

dd c@rdituLd by ht hatioDrl wolMt Ristu Acrion Wrtch Aj! p&ifb 

(IWRAV Asitr P'oific) (usta LMpr, Mataysia 

20f, N.v.d R, &i s, P€6$n L, Bhoiy, A l2oo2), Wonen s Eealth @d t)oM,n 

vi.l@ osaiwt voNn ii Batglalbttt Dhrt{ Urbe lrihary tr€lth Clr pojct- 

Aria DcvclopnMl Brnt 

2@, Nar€4 REhiu Tr!4sum (2001) ,.A situ liomt AEtysi. of violqEc os,ins 

w@en b so!r[ Asia,,,A drq misto!.d by UNFPA Cou,rry Sopporl T@ 

for Soud dd Wcai Asia. t(altnodu for rhe R€gioml Wortlhop on pdiue .ry 

Advdacy for $o Pr.wrtion of Violence A8ainsl Wo6c, in Souur Asio, Dhak4 l8_ 

201, Odhilor (2004) "Wond ed ChitdrE i, Di$dru1rg.d sirur,riN,,, Dhsh: 

odhikd:htp://\W.odbikd.o,B/pub/pub2_26,htrn 

204, OrCn (2005) -\v. tu E d Alt violsce .g.inj Wono Chpaig': Bdgladdn , 

nnpy,'*w.waMdww.ds6.istad.s[.hr! 

20J,. ?opulition ReArns: &drrg Vioteb. ,tgai&t ,/oa.a Battinoo popdanon 

IrfomarioD Pr€rm, Ccnt.r fo, cdnuielio p,o8ms, The Joba loprins 

Univ6irt Schal of puhlic Hdld! i, ColhloFrid wirn TXc Ce,ter rd Hc.lrb .nd 

6od€r Equiry lcHANcE), vot, Xxv[, Nd 4, Deebd 1999 

206. R.ihd, M, Shamsu (Undarcd) "Viotcnce Acainsr Womcn: Begtadesh 

Pc6p@lir.," A, U.plbtlsh€d R@n pmposal, Univmiry of R:jstal[ 

207. Rahmm F, R!lI@ M &d qossain MB \t993) Ltedh, Dre to viote@ dtuj 

t cietut b naEn ot R.pro.trcliE tse in Rurel BaasladbL \N6ting papcr, 

MCrr-FP Exlc.sio Pbje! Dhata Brogtadcs[: ICDDR, B, Nc 99 

203. Ribao, R,, &d $schea F, (2005) .Dctcmimrs, Etrccrs ed cosrs ofDon stic 

Violm., DGr{.n@. CfDr 2OO5-38. &iici6n Eletsqr€ 

t9l

209. Soulh Asia W@n Pdlioertdlim (2003) .,Ti. Dha*a Deterion for Elihinorine 

hlipr/c51.*llh@du,e&{oryldocvnp_vaw_dhata,ldf i, Tne Rcgion l Wo*rhop 

on Plrlinqldr},\dvoc&y for$. pEvcnrion of viol.occ Agairotw6ns in Soulh 

asir DldL, Bo3hd6h 

210. sua, L@ior Ahia s.jdaj Huq, t pita.nd cho*dhury, Kobita (2004) "D6 

Do"ry lnporo Life for Bridaj? A Tcn oa Acquest Th.ory ir RuFt B.nglart6t,' 

No. 195 htp://www,porcoucit.oelpdtr,'xdt9 j.dt 

2ll, Tjadcrl Paricj4 md fl$ems, N&cy (2000) Err.r, x4me Md Co&rqren@s oJ 

hzd. PdNt rioLe, ,.Br!a*t RcFn haed on Nnional viot nft lssi.sr 

Woncn sury.r. Sp@eEd by rh. NatioMl In$itot of Jsti@ dd fi. CcnrE for 

Dise& Contror .nd PEv.rtion, Juty 2000 

212. T@fque, Mobarmad Mo*ffcl KdiD ed R|a4G, Mohmad A. (2004 

Ibn ttic ytolerts tsoiNt wo@t itt Det mj@s @n h,pliatiN lot e.nael 

Rerow Allocdi.'"R.tuhp.Ft No. 2OOZ3O, Unied MdoE Univdiry Wortd 

LslituIc for tuwlopMr E@omj6 R.@h (LNU-MDER) Novdbd 2OO? 

213. UNICEF (200r) Ea ! Mdrtase Chitd Sp,wr, Digcsr1., Meh, tNtCEF 

Inmcdri Cqloi Fto@, Iraly 

2r4. nNrcEF (200161,{,trrEw Kt @ yiole& Aaaidt woren a,,j GnL, in Soot 

,,k a, Kathnudu uNIcEn RosA 

2lJ. Unit d Nri@ ECoSOC, R.pnt ofdE SDea,t R.pron u @ Vior& Ag.inj 

wme'! F/cN,4,'1996/53. 

216. \,/EO Q004) CaNiA.rks doi,A Mh on d.tustk riot u. esai&t flode.? 

htp/lw,who_in/sodo,tioLtrcr'.r'/ltrplg.rfoldom.ldf 

2r1. wHO (2003) !tu|tu,n,s iitt peryehM ottdinate pdrer ytobw: .1 Global 

ht9s//}w,*ho ilr/violc@ injurylrt€diodlsugyrlbticlrion avi,termin 

LtuU.p

2r9. \nryO 0996t lrblence tgai8t ,/,ue4 WHO Consulr.iior, cench: World Hotth 

GOVf,RNMENT DOCT'MENTS 

220. Bmglad.sh E@Nni. Payra 2r0-r, Dhaka: Mininry of Fim@, covcMcnt of 

P@ds R.rlblic of Bdgt.d.str 

221. BoAl&Lsh DcnDsaplnc ad eatlt Swey 2007,ttirio6t lrulituta ofpopulaio, 

RcEeh md Tnriniog (NIPORT), Dh.k , Bmglad.sh, Mitra dd Ajshr€s Dh.k4 

Bdglad6t, Mao I .iutioBl, Cdyqro4 Maryhld USA, M@h 2009 

222- BBS (200sf) Popddion C.B6-2001, t Ia Seljes, zilt-Stnjsmj, Dh*:,: 

Adgbdesh B@au ofslarisric {BBs), MinGtrt of plamins, cov.mor ofpeoptes 

R€public ofB0slarl6l 

12i. BBS Q@56, Populdibt C.6s-2001 , CoMrnity S.ri.s, zilaAircjsuj, Dh*a: 

BdSl.dsh Bwa! ofsrdisris (BBs), Midjnry ofptmiDS, c.vMDcnl ofp@pt6 

R.public ol BMSlad.sn 

2U, BBS,11999) Stdjttical P@ttthok ol Bnstadesh 1998, Dhatar Bdgladcsn Bu@u 

of Sbdnie (BDS), Minj*y of ptmin& CothEcrl of pcopts pqubtic of 

225. Busu of Jlsia Sr.ri$iq Sp.ci.) l.cpon Sd Din erce, in Viotent yi.tinbatia 

/99t (NCJ - t61j08), s.pr.,nb.., t97:!3 

226. El-Zd.q/. F., E. M. ttwin, c, A. shawky, A. A. Wcx lod S, Kisho. (1995) 6e,?, 

DeMg lphic dkr lleanh Sn.t, C.tvedor, MD: Nalioat lopuhrio, CoDncil 

(EeDt) ad M&.o hle'!1ioi.l 

227. Hqna4 H!nic!{ 199, Mcnb.r oapdliMenr, in hd spMh on t\c.4g. o! mi.t/.,r 

Sufty d Violae @ncdins Fmiti6 ad Childr.o, u*d by NcH Adjon [,r 

Chjll6D, Urile! King&b 

228, Mbisfr/ of Wotrq ind ChildM Atroi6 (1995) ,toue, L Banstad.rh: Eqwlity, 

I>EIopNd ad p.@, BeSlad.sh Narion l Rcpon to |hc Folnh Vortd 

cof*M on \Uone4 Beijin& Dh!h: Minirtry of wond dd chitdM Atllni 

covrmeot, of I1'c Psd.\ Rcpublic ofBest.desh 

229. stla, MA, Qw3) l't Co,stitotion of B@std.sh 6 ModilEd ,pto Dde,nn d. 

195

Dh.k!: C.oor foi Lfmadon sd llni€ 

230. Slatistis Cead. (1993a) "Th! Violer@ Agnin$ Woncn Su*oy: Highli8hrs,', Ttt 

Doi9, Tlubday 13 Novcobor 

231. Stltisti6 Coada (1993b). vtoh@ lsei6t wonerSwyChEotFm 

232. IlE Coatihltio^ aJ lE People \ ttpabli. of Bolslo*th (r99), Dh.l6: MjnisLy of 

Ls, hsli@ .!d Parlid.n1A6i6 

233. US D.!€ttre of Juslicc Budu of Juslie Sladnics (1994) viole@ assi6l 

,/or.4 A National Crim. Victiniz.tion S@.y R.port 

NIWSPA}ERS 

234. AlD.d-UlhL N('a S. ( 1999) "B@liry rlF Silcn@ of Abe OouF l@bil8 out 

ro Wom.n fM Sad Asi.". P, I in Dait Hald Arlilglo! H.iChE 

235. A$ld, Sabrir' \4002) 'thild Munsc: R@t of Mdy Evils" hnp/rndepcad.ar- 

bd!Lrdsh.onvrcrEan45,250l2002n.htu#A5 in The hd.F ddr. Dh,r. 

236. Asad@na4 E A M. (2004) ,.Thouseds soy no to DNry RDRS BtrfFieios 

oolvc . Uriqd. way io notivar. Peopl. ir Donry-fr.c Meiae€ in .,al(halo 

upail., Nilphrtwi" turpr/thd!ib5l|r.Nt200440/t7d41017070r62-dh b Diily 

237. Babul, P.!@ (2003)'Viol@ .rsirsl Womo Conrhc'h[ptDd.pa&nl- 

bansbd.!t,cortrws,tE$/j!Md06062003ft ,hrnrA.2 in Tn Ind.Fdda! Dhrta 

218. Haq, Ndnul (2002) "cnb StiU R.main victims of Esly MuiagC, 

httD/ h.dsilyslm.nerdlilysranss40m0D0/d0l200l.hrn,lBoDY7 inThe Daily 

239. BSS (200D "child Mrna€c b Still widesFad in CouEy; Povsry s'lgLd olr s 

R6r Cae"hQ/tndd[6tu ncvd.iltsra@s4oot l1t3 t/nl lo3t ro-[hrBoDYS 

in ftc Daily sl.l. Dh,la 

240. BSS (2001) lviolenc. C.usr D.alhs of l4pc Explrtant ModEB, 

htrp://tlcdailys1lr.neldail)st mst200l09/19/nl0919lo.hddBODY3 in The Dqily 

241- BSS (2002) Dcood for Do*ry pui Girls Pruts i! Din6" ttrp:/ridercn&nr 

b€r8hd6n.@/newres/lal1a0820{Dct-hh}A4 in Thc IDd.p. Lo( Dh,b 

242. BSS (2005) "stoppins Violerce .glict woms St*s!il' 

hnp://M.b6snevs.er4ndd.Dhp?sq FBSM3-2004-02n6&id=7 in BSS Ncws, 

196

243. Corespondcnr (2000) .Douy Dcdhs on the Rjs in Northem Regior,, 

btlp://ind.p.ndenl-bansladcsh,oonv,*s/j!n22D2o62000cr.hh#A3 i,,nrc 

Indcp€ndst, Dha[a 

244. Compod.fl (200r) "Kiui,g ofHorewiles for Do*ry Rupanr i. S.W Rsgion" 

h(p/fi tldeFn&nt-b6ngladcdr@m/dcrtfovl/l t O22{rc r c.-trh*2 in LdepcndeDt, 

245. CoBponde {2002) .50 troewiEs nurdc&d in ?5 days i. t3 Dirricls non 

No'll Bds.l,' hry/indeD.ndqr_bes:hdsh,co nedjun/30/3o062oo2cl.b1nlA6 

in Thc Indepond. , Dh,ka 

246. H!c, H6ir Abdut (200, "violence asainst wonsn,, 

hrtp://w*ry.n.raFbd.6/20054!dt 6/edir,irnB2 iD Ns AC., Dhlka 

241. Llbn4 M*hrjn e@4) "A prjcc rm H!dhtqr/M_e*!s.bd.cmt004log27d82?drra_cob.hDl 

h No Ag., Dh,t! 

243. Th. Obs*a Maseia., Dh.l4 ,uty 14 2OOO 

249. Pdh4 Porift,l (2005) ..viotcne agrinn wooen on lhe Ri*' 

htF:/,arN.thedallysla,.reL2oo5/0t/lZd5ot 12 t Ooi 74.ht6 in T1F Daity Sljr, Dh*r 

250, rdin, (h.tedl e1o4) -lbtew hr D@ty on Rie t, Chilagn e, 

hnp//w*v.nda8cM,con2004/.ugl!/hct.hrntr l iD Ncw AC., Dhaka 

251. Rrnr@! AA.M Blru (2{IM) .viohM Alaine \rood,- l}c D.ity pDrra, 

Alo, !d@! tO !OU: t7 

252. RahM, Sai:a (2005) "Gcnd€r viotcne in Sorh Aj!' 

hnpy hcdaitylri!.n€Vhwroo5/05/O:rindex,hrn inDlityse,Dhara 

253. Rahnd, Saira. COOI) .,R.nectioG on Woncn sd violohe in 2OOO, 

hnp;/ h.daitysrd ,evdrit'sramcws4ooto2/l th l02 r I oe,ht&*aoDy r iD Daily srar 

25.t, R.luh, sutr.s (2002) "ltTajd cmd wolk6 Tod ro sE Doery Morcy to 

Buy Hqbdd!,, hip//w.dailysi.has.@n4.9200211/04/bdcxhtr in Dail, 

255. Rculer N€rs*i€, I I _3.193, .B6srod.shi Magistr.@ Find ror Bqrj,s Wite 

256. shma, Shechir0 (2OO4) ,.Hindu wonen jn Bestadesh sufielin8 ro Abs.ooe or 

Meiag. R.gisirltion" hop//d.daitrs.t r.n€l/l.wDooa/06/(Nrndd.hin 2? .run. 

2004 in Daity Srd, DhaLlo

257. Sla6corcspoidmt (2001)..w@ e hot $ saf.'at Ho6q Snldy trds 6jpc 

SdioN tncidcnrs of Viokne., 

hnpl lrcdaily!b!c/daibeim.qr2000lzl0/D0t2l0 Io.htu,BODY,4 in Djly Slar 

258. Strf CoGpondent (200t) "?p. of Violen@ asairi Wonq fitcd wilh Polic in 

2001 '. hnp//*w.Fwascbdcod2{ro5/jur3l/rclhht in Na Agq Dnala 

259. Stlf Com3p.n'lenl (200t .56 FMI Wonen nurdeEd M.inly lbr Dovry 

SF.k@ tell wo.kstop" hrtp:/ hed.ilysla.rc1,2005/O7Btldjo7]lo6067tjrln in 

Thc D.ily Sr.r. Dhrh 

260- Sr.trCorespornr.nt (2005) "t!g0l.id Ded.d 10 siop donstic riold@ SD€ataB 

lcll m*tin3" hrip:/ h.daitystr.r.r,400yolll2!tt50 r 12060259,hr., in Th€ D.ity Sl!,, 

261. Slllf R.port r c000) .!OO Epacd wdd got supldr fbo Womo Suppon 

P@j*f' nnplthedailysr.,neydailysrdews20000l8o/noolt0o7.hrmrDoDy4 in 

Thc D.ily Srir Nc"!, D[.t! 

262. SLtr R.portq (1000) "D.h6tic vidac Endanic in lhc CouLy, eys LNFPA 

Rcporf' hnp://indepcnd.nr.b$g[d.sh.@n/ncwys.p/2],t to92oooo.hrntA2 iD Th€ 

tldcFidc4 Dh,l. 

261, SL!If Rcporic. (2002) "poverry, M,lc DonjDri@ bl&ed for Viote@ agai,j 

Women" hnpt/indep.ldcrt-btugtadcsh.coBtn4vjun/lZt2o62o02hthrn*A4 

in 

Il|. Ird.pen&nt, Dh.L. 

264. Slatr Rcponci eOO:r) "8, pc WonE in B&ghdqlh ionud 6y H!5!..G" 

http:/iodependn+mgta&s[@dras/jun/08/O8o!2o03mr.l$nrAu i, Tnc 

hd.pende.t, Dnik 

265. S|lfRcportcr (2003) "Violoc. lsaisr wm.n is6 ihoutd b. inctudcd i, Scn@l 

syllrlu" hql,idc!€ndeDr-bogtadcsh.@ntn wrauc/14/t,r!8200jnd!rDrA6 i, 

Indep.nda! Dha*t 

266. thc D.ily Sra, t0 Odob.r. 2ool 

267, The Pb$ob Alq Dh.kalg ScpLobcr, 200j 

268, The Jai tai Dnr, Dhda 3 Nov@bs, 2006 

269. Tnc Prorhom AIo, Dhr*4 14 Au8u5i 2OO9 

270. The P.orlDn AL! Dhar., 13 Algd 2OO9 

198

271, UNB (2001) lAto!. of xr@6 !y tlr!b.!d! comon in Bedd.$ 

ue//ed.ittln i.r(.4/fu.il|D0l0uEhl0lzoT,ffioDylt b Djb 

StrN.q Dt &r 

272. UI{B @m)'Drrrde d[ o Dqib Gott A.dd. b$r/rw.blrd+ 

xtnd/h.r4!rru/b20o72002b147 i! IirB flo Eigr.i'.i Dbtr 

27!. ZeI , rtdthD. €00t ?tolrdr Vloho. P!.vdid A.r ! I\nd b prlbd 

Vd.d i.S/{f.d.itdrrdz05/!l!?/d5olll'ltl6t9-tb h lb rriv &r, 

Dn& 

lt9

APPENDIX-I 

:00

IMER}'IEW SCIIEDULE 

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY 

IINI!'EIISITY OI KARACHI 

R6..rch Topic Hous.hold Crilie in B.rghdclh Sdi.ry: A 

Sociologicrl Study ofYiolence ry.iost Married wone! 

R.$4td: scli.. Atund code No 

Re3eh Sup.niec Poi Dr lalch Mundnad BurG! 

($c daL ouectcd throull rhis inEniew sch.dule will b. kcpt @nfidenliat ud only b. 

ed ror ft*eh purtoes wilhoul &y F $nal FLM@) 

A-PeMml Pmfil. 

L Nme (Noll@s.ry):......-.......... 

1 Mdilal SlanE: (i) Manj€d..-.... (ii)R.freic4.............. (iiDScp@1.d....,,,.,., 

(i!) Diq&d........... (v) widow.......... 

4. Edu€li@l qualifietjo.: O Imi.mtc_..... (itMsEducstion......(iii)pd.,ary.,,,,. 

5. OccuFlid:....,,,.........,, 

6. R.ligioG id.nliry:...,,.......- 

(iv) Scdnd,ry.,...... (1) Higncr S@nd.ry ud abovc...._... 

?, P€sr h{llhenttirid: (i) v€4/Bood....,..... (ii)Cood.......,,, (iii)Avera8e.,,.,,,,, 

B-Ilu!b.rt'3 Pmfilc 

(iv) sad. ........ (v)v.o, bad......... 

8, Hsband s&luoliond qualiddion: (i) llirRl€....._ (ii) Ms Eduolion...,,. 

(iiDP me)..--.. (iv) s@ondary....... (v) Higher s@ndary...... 

(vj) Crudunlio. &d abov..... ... .... 

9. oc.upotid of hubad al tne rinc ofn6is3e:......._.. _... _ 

201

0. Pret Muparion of husb€d:,....,,....,,,,,, 

C-Fthilv Prolik 

I l. TtF ofbnily: (i)N(t@.,,.... (ii)Joinr.,...,,., 

12. Hor$houn !d: ._.....,,,... 

13. Numher orfdily ocab.r:..,,._., 

14, Nmberof cnitM:........, 

15, Nmb{ of etrning timily h.mb.i,,,,, ,,. ...., 

DsociGeononic Prolil,i 

16. Total nonoi, ironE oflhc fdiu. ,.....,,..rt, 

r?. TlTe of ho@: C) rfu.ra,.-.... (ii)' SannpM...', liii) p@a.,.,,... 

13, ls €l€tdcity avlihbl. in lh. ho!$?: (i) y6......... (ii) No........__. 

19. At.ilcbleclccricd rtatsDnE go.dsDth.ho4.:,......... 

20. Is kein .hiLbb b lhe ho@?: (D ye...... (ii) No....__. 

21. rFs, ootion ilc ty|rc oftdriiE: (D Xor.rd,,...(ii) !ami-p@a...... 

(iiit P@@........ 

22- LsdFel@or&inklBwa&rauihblc inrh. hoe?: (i)y6...._... (itNo._... 

E-D.ndnphic Pmnb 

23- TtF of Moirgq (i) 

^@sd 

!Miag...._..... (ii) t vc Ddja€E witnoul llle 

c(enr of th. amity ....... (iii) hvc mdi.gc vilh $ppon 

.t dre fmily 

24. Numb€r of MnnSc ol h6bdt 

25. Nhb€r of Meiag. o l wdu: ..,,,.,,,....... 

26. Did/d@s yourhusbmdh.vc oorhqwif.?r (t y6...... (ii)No...... 

2?. Wa you mdiass conrmcrccd rirh Fgisrrdlion?r (i) y€s.....,,, (ii) No......,,, 

28. lf ,o, dien wntt:.......,.,..,......,,,,..,........,.. 

29, Ag. a. Mdiaee: ....,,,..,.,,,Yca6 

30. Age difeM@ betwr wonu dd hcr hBtddr .,.. ,.,.,,,yrn 

3l. Ater how nmy r{s of mdri.Sc your f6t child vs boo?r....,,,,,ycs 

32. Avease a3e difieEm. bcn{En thc ohildrcn: ...........yes 

202

I:&!4 

13, \va ey tp. ofdo*rj siwn to bridcSrcom or l s tunity foi rhc nujagc?: 

(DY.s............ (ii)No......... 

34. lf trs, thd Mrio. d. i&D of dovrt:.........................,.,, 

35. lf m,$.nooition ehy

53, H.w y.! .rcr .,ltdFcd ro $icid. in yu E&icd lia.? (i) Y6......- (iD No,...,, 

54.D do ls h.. tu' nNs.lold cisist (D s.rR|r......... (i0Tom. 

cxr!trt....... (iii)No........ 

55. Iftq tla m.tio $. dr@ ofth. eiris:.................. 

56.Rolcoayo{lNt{vluddtb.criiisf*irs!y}!uiDtt fraily:(i)4ctiv......... 

(ii) h&tiE........... {iii) sFFIh.tio but alild to elw {E c68.......... 

5?. Ct@.f hodbld crisi.:...,,,...........,,..., 

58, CdlcqE@ of ho@noB dist:.....,,,,....,,,,,,...., 

EJ&E$ 

59. Di(ydoyou 6@ violad in n$icd li&?: OY6...,.-. (ii)No.....-. 

60. Ifyc!, tna by wnm?: ,,,,,,..-- 

61. TtF or vaol.@: (D Pttsic.l......... (it M. d,,,,,,......(ii0Ser1,,,,,..,,, 

62, If Dhrsicd violas, |trn natid rlF .l@t of bdring: (i) Hld &d 

l.&............ (i') Bhb.d!i*.......... (iii)s&d.|........ 

(iv) othcd........ . 

61, tll0F of hailg:,.,...............,..... 

64. la Iud viol.M., rha D.nrion dE ur@ of n: (i) Pcb4.......... 

(i0 AbB....... iiiD Di.iftald in l!llj4....... (iv) Mcnbl p!!ss 

(v)N.sli8@.......... (vD ortF6.......... 

65. Thc d.ed orvioLM cadld: (i) R.goLdy .!d opq'ly...... (iD R.lulrly 

Dd srdly..... (ii0 lcgdely .d opaly..,,. (ir) lrEgt{ly .!d srdy,,. 

66. C.r of violE: ...,...,...,, 

67. Con5.q@ of violce..,,.- 

I- Ilouhold Cort !. oll,4oL!c. 

6E. Did J@hsbdal r.eviolm@ inchildlDod?: (i)Y6.....-... (ii) No........... 

(iiD Nor krM-... ...... 

69, lf y.n 60bywho61,,.,.............................. 

70,Iyp ofviolde ae.d by hBb€nd in childlood: (i) PnFi..l.,,. (ii) Mcoi'l,.,,, 

(iii)0|[6............ 

?l, Di(! dq tlu noth+in-lr* fe violqF ir hdi.d lif.?: 

(i)Y6....... (ia)No........ (iiDNorrnM........ 

72. Di(y do rhc o$.r wirs ofru in-l.w's nnily hE viol.E?: 

(0Y8........ (ii) No...... (iii) No! rmM....... 

2U

J- Ov.nlt orldo! .bo!r f.croL co!s!.ra tud dstrE of riderior of 

hor*lold .ririt ..d violcrc. @riNr d.rrt d mnd 

71,Doyouag@lidtn $aan nt-'Dorry ad lioh.@ agrinn ndiar snd & 

htlrcl.t

{r]qktrf€l 

lTqtqfishfrqm 

q{FfrGcrtlr.'t1frctr 

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6qqr{E c*r q qlns!'f 

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!.itsl| 

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*rht*rb:..,,.-----r.iaib-ri,.-,----,- 

frl

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olln-t-.- qD{a.',, C{I R -t L'.. 

208

dnud{frrnd@did 

trr*-.., G)rri*a{ ct)r*i'...... 

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rilr -n hnar d*r 'n,: ordr... ... 0rn....- 

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0)fr 6..,... 0D r*..-...., ci)4.". 

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(r)6...^. CD'*...... ($Dqitirtudtut.... 

ar tutu' k&fiaR hk@r! r qrr0i 0)]dr .... (rJr.... 

o)ltr.. cD!fr.... . (D rn os 

(')r"".. 0j).n/n6 .(!)* -

(t*R.......ct)r.nf!. (ciD nwlt 

l*)6F-_- (v)*.. (n)!fi 

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Gii)fr(rft. iv)ffiqlm,-. 

-.*nit*turi,F*;ri 

c)f'.....cDi.... (iDsd. .. 

o{rt ..(n*.....ai)q'. 

!. ffi iiitid!ibrkiilfr t lGinir 

o trL..,....cd)t......... oDnli 

r!'*n*qdi*r'-ttitr.{.n 

(0nr ...0rJ a.. - (ijDfirt... 

-rffiIi- r--rhfr .*r-.rairtu*. 

i.r.f iillr*fl fiFqffi!ftrshfrEniii1. 

(')n ri*.. ai)-... (n)Gd .. (oci....... 

{. qfin|iirtu F-6lr q!n iA6.{a qfr!.ikrrrr 

ostF .... G)- cd)('i (r-{ 

ket r&traFnE ql'

4t.'l -!....,,,,.. 

rr.nirhliG itti.iht rfrG.tfi rr1 

oE!n-,..,., o-.,.. 6l)in.,..,Gr-i,,* 

0ri|ri,,,.,.... 

rr*ni*ai 

rrrarrrbft 

-.!-lr*FFi.-d*-t 

od-...,., o-..,. crrr,._0r-*.... 

orG -f.-,.,- - 

i t*rrxrrfi tf .a.rtfi r\a..;ar 

O*-...,,-_ o)-.... di,rr*- a"-*..,., 

crail....,..,,_ 

r.itt-r--.*--fi-r: 

ot!-rJ-i*_._. {0a*qqai.{i,,...- 

!tFtr._.... 

hittrhrirfna.-ai*rira!r*r, 

4lata*_ {t)a__. ot0i!a.n 6r.... 

{rq *r...-" 

4d|rrt{*iiEdlrq 

Ei-rhhhrfrrn*rr:,,.,,.. ._...... 

2tl 

rrlr.ar.,!n "+:4'ie^

APPENDIx-2 

212

PICTUR.ES OF DATA COLLECTION 

PLACE : Sonakhan, Roygsnj, Sirajgsnj, Banglrd€sh 

onaklora, RoyganlTirdgaaj.BiiEiiiish 

2tl

""^on'lllot'\o'

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