Stationary Source Control Techniques Document for Fine Particulate ...

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precipitators are also difficult to install on sites which have limited space because ESPs must be relatively large to obtain the low gas velocities necessary <strong>for</strong> efficient particle collection. 1 5.2-23
5.2-24
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Stationary Source Control Technique
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CONTENTS TABLES ...................
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CONTENTS (continued) 5.1.1.5 Cyclon
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CONTENTS (continued) 5.4.5.1 Capita
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TABLES Table 2-1 Summary of Trends
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FIGURES Figure 2-1 PM 2.5 Compositi
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FIGURES (continued) Figure 5.4-2 Sc
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SECTIONS 1 and 2 1. INTRODUCTION ..
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programs, and major current sources
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2. BACKGROUND National ambient air
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2-3
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2.3 SOURCES OF PM 10 AND PM 2.5 EMI
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2-7
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2-9
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2.5 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 2 1. Rev
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3 MEASUREMENT The determination of
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description of these methods, the E
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Figure 3-1. EPA Test Method 5 Sampl
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C Method 5E: Determination of PM Em
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dissolved sulfur dioxide gases from
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long time while others have been de
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C Portable Wind Tunnel Method. This
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particles either above and below a
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provide this type of analysis. 64,6
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3.6.3 Spectrometry Spectrometry is
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Methods for estimating the total ma
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Waste Management Association, Pitts
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33. Pilat, M.J. D. S. Ensor, and J.
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57. Cushing, K.M., R.R. Wilson, W.E
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78. Snell, F.D. Photometric and Flu
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SECTION 4 4. FUEL SUBSTITUTION AND
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Table 4.1. Potential PM 10 Emission
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4.1.3 Costs The costs associated wi
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4.2 Process Modification/Optimizati
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a fluidized bed of alumina particle
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5. EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS FOR
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5.1 PRETREATMENT The performance of
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5.1-3
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5.1-5
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5.1-7
Page 81 and 82: 5.1-9
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.1-1 Characteristics of Comm
Page 85 and 86: A multiple cyclone, shown in Figure
Page 87 and 88: Fractional Collection Efficiency (%
Page 89 and 90: Fractional Collection Efficiency (%
Page 91 and 92: where d 50 is the diameter of parti
Page 93 and 94: Cumulative Collection Efficiency (%
Page 95 and 96: 5.1.4 Costs of Precollectors The co
Page 97 and 98: Total Capital Investment ($ x 10 )
Page 99 and 100: Table 5.1-3. Annual Cost Factors fo
Page 101 and 102: C Increase sparkover voltage of flu
Page 103 and 104: unconditioned ash. Ammonia conditio
Page 105 and 106: Costs of flue gas conditioning vary
Page 107 and 108: 5.1.9 References for Section 5.1 1.
Page 109 and 110: 5.2 ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS ...
Page 111 and 112: 5.2-2
Page 113 and 114: 5.2.1.3 Particle Charging Particle
Page 115 and 116: Dust reentrainment associated with
Page 117 and 118: In a wire-pipe ESP, a wire that fun
Page 119 and 120: 5.2-10
Page 121 and 122: 5.2-12
Page 123 and 124: 5.2-14
Page 125 and 126: Pulses can be used alone or in addi
Page 127 and 128: 5.2-18
Page 129 and 130: 5.2-20
Page 131: For coal fly ash, surface resistanc
Page 135 and 136: Utility Boilers (Coal, Oil) Table 5
Page 137 and 138: 5.2.6 Costs of Electrostatic Precip
Page 139 and 140: Table 5.2-3. Capital Cost Factors f
Page 141 and 142: Total Capital Investment ($ x 10 )
Page 143 and 144: where Q l is the liquid flow rate (
Page 145 and 146: Direct Costs Labor Table 5.2-5. Ann
Page 147 and 148: 5.2.8 References for Section 5.2 1.
Page 149 and 150: 5..3 FABRIC FILTERS ...............
Page 151 and 152: Collection by diffusion occurs as a
Page 153 and 154: Gravitational sedimentation, i.e. t
Page 155 and 156: Table 5.3-1. Recommended Gas-to-Clo
Page 157 and 158: 5.3-8
Page 159 and 160: shaking. In order to accomplish thi
Page 161 and 162: 5.3-12
Page 163 and 164: elatively recent development has be
Page 165 and 166: 5.3-16
Page 167 and 168: 5.3.3 Fabric Characteristics Fabric
Page 169 and 170: Table 5.3-2. Temperature Ranges, an
Page 171 and 172: 5.3-22
Page 173 and 174: a Application Copper 3-03-005 3-04-
Page 175 and 176: The potential for explosion is also
Page 177 and 178: Cleaning Mechanism: The fabric filt
Page 179 and 180: Particle Characteristics: Particle
Page 181 and 182: 5.3-32
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Annual Operating Cost ($ x 10 ) Tab
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5.3.7 Energy and Other Secondary En
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15. Compilation of Air Pollutant Em
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5.4 WET SCRUBBERS Wet scrubbers are
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5.4.2.1 Spray Chambers Spray chambe
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5.4-5
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5.4-7
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5.4.2.3 Impingement Plate Scrubbers
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5.4-11
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5.4.2.5 Venturi Scrubbers A venturi
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5.4-15
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5.4.2.7 Condensation Scrubbers Cond
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5.4-19
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5.4.3 Collection Efficiency Collect
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5.4-23
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Table 5.4-2 lists current applicati
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Scrubber Type Table 5.4-3. PM 10/PM
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Table 5.4-4. Capital Cost Factors f
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5.4-31
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electricity, sludge disposal, waste
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Figura 5.4-16. Impiggemennt Scrubbe
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Table 5.4-6. Annual Cost Parameters
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5.4.7 References for Section 5.4 1.
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5.5 INCINERATORS ..................
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For particles smaller than 100 µm
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enhanced via vanes or other physica
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premixing chamber fitted with a (au
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5.5-8
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limited only by cost. On the basis
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C Petroleum and Coal Production C C
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5.5.5.1 Capital Costs The total cap
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Total Capital Investment ($) 700,00
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operate 8,000 hours per year, at a
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Table 5.5-5. Annual Cost Factors fo
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1. Control Techniques for Particula
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6. INDUSTRIAL FUGITIVE EMISSION CON
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enefication, such as crushing, scre
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6-4
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fugitive PM is greater than 90 perc
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C Changing from a cupola to an elec
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For information on the control of f
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6.5 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 6 1. Est
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7. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES This secti
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Table 7-1. Summary of Emerging PM C
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more filter surface area. This enab
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C Less sensitive to changes in fuel
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7.6.2 Dry Fog A device to control f
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14. Miller, R.L. "Combining ESPs an
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AMMONIA ApSimon, H.M., D. Cowell, a
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Control of Volatile Organic Emissio
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APPENDIX B VATAVUK AIR POLLUTION CO
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Devices, Fine Particulate Matter, C
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