30 • INSECTA MUNDI 0129, July 2010 EDMONDS AND ZIDEK Figure 69-74. Coprophanaeus saphirinus. 69-71) Male habitus. 72) Aedeagus (dorsal view above; lateral view below). 73-74) Female habitus. Collection Records. ARGENTINA: Chaco – Miraflores (Apr). Misiones – Posadas (Dec); Coñapirú (Dec); Garuhapé (Oct); Mocona (Dec); Dorado (Apr); Aristóbulo del Valle [Depto. Cainguas] (Dec); Dos de Mayo (Sep, Nov); Santa María; Parque Nacional Iguazú, 200 m (Jan-Feb, Dec); Cosapiel (Nov); Loreto (Dec). Tucumán – Tucumán (Feb). BRAZIL: Bahia – Entre Rios. Espiritu Santo – Timbuhy (Dec). Minas Gerais – Virginia, 1500 m (Nov); Poços do Caldas [Morro da Ferra] (Feb). Paraná – Londrina
REVIEW OF COPROPHANAEUS INSECTA MUNDI 0129, July 2010 • 31 (Dec); Lapa (Mar); Curitiba (Feb, Apr, Oct–Dec); Bariqui (Apr). Rio de Janeiro – Itatiaia (Jan, Mar, Nov); Floresta da Tijuca (Oct, Dec); Ilha Grande (Apr); Petropolis (Nov-Dec); Nova Friburgo (Jan); 17 km E Nova Friburgo, 22 o 23’04”S 42 o 33’30”W, 750 m (Jan, Mar). Rio Grande do Sul – São Borja (Dec). Santa Catarina – Pinhal (Dec); Rio das Antas; Corupá (Jan, Oct-Nov); Nova Teutônia, 27 o 11’S 52 o 23’W (Sep-Nov, Jan); Rio Vermelho (Feb); São Francisco (Nov). São Paulo – 50 km SE Mogi das Cruzes [Serra do Mar Biological Station “Boraceia”], 800-900 m (Apr); São Bernardo (Jan); São Paulo (Mar); Cantareira (Dec); Campos do Jordão (Dec); Tremembé (Mar). PARAGUAY: Alto Paraguay – Bella Vista (Dec). Caazapá – Parque Nacional Caaguazú [San José Cristal] (Oct, Dec). Cordillera – Naranjo (Dec). Guairá – Paso Yobai (Sep); Villarrica (Nov); Colonia Independencia (Nov); Colonia Natalicio Talavera (Dec); Colonia Nueva Talavera; Yoveré [Cordillera Ybytyruzu] (Jan). Itapúa – Yatai [San Rafael Reserve], 26 o 38’13”S 55 o 39’50”W (Sep). Paraguarí – Paraguarí (Nov). Comments. Coprophanaeus saphirinus is one of the most common species of the genus and by far the most common in the subgenus. Its range is broad; and while it prefers <strong>for</strong>est habitat, it does venture into the more open Chaco <strong>for</strong>mations of northeastern Argentina. The color of this species varies more than in any other member of the genus. Dark metallic blue predominates. A red <strong>for</strong>m (Fig. 71), described as Phanaeus chabrillaci and sometimes regarded as a subspecies, occurs sporadically in the southern part of its extensive range; and a green <strong>for</strong>m (Fig. 71) occurs most commonly in populations in the coastal <strong>for</strong>ests of Rio de Janeiro. The bright colors of this species are associated with diurnal activity (Medina-Hernandez 2002). Concerning Phanaeus chabrillaci, we echo Harold’s (1869) sentiments, “Das typische Stück [of C. chabrillaci] ist nichts als eine schön kupfrigrothe Varietät [of C. saphirinus]”, and we agree with his synonymy. This morph of C. saphirinus occurs widely and in populations dominated by the bluish-violet <strong>for</strong>m; it is not a distinct taxon in our opinion. Fernando Vaz-de-Mello (pers. comm.) has observed that the red <strong>for</strong>m tends to occur more frequently in populations at somewhat higher elevations than does the blue <strong>for</strong>m, and only in the southern portion of the species range. Thomson’s species was originally spelled “chabrillacii”, and in the literature it commonly appears so written. He named it <strong>for</strong> the collector of the type series, François Chabrillac. Harold (1869), followed by Blackwelder (1944), emended the name to “chabrillaci”. The elytral striae (more frequently the lateral ones) of this species are often micropunctate (x10), but they are never carinulate. Pereira and d’Andretta’s (1955) description of C. machadoi was based on a single male with stronger strial and interstrial puncturing than typical C. saphirinus and with curious modifications of the pronotal disk. Fernando Vaz-de-Mello (pers. comm.) reports that coastal populations of this species (“machadoi”) in Rio de Janeiro, Espiritu Santo and some adjacent regions of Minas Gerais differ from populations in the main range of C. saphirinus. These populations, which include blue and green individuals, present a weak, midlongitudinal ridge on the anterior (declivitous) portion of the pronotum and stronger elytral striae that at times appear punctured (as in C. punctatus). Other large male variants exist; we have observed one with a pair of acute tubercles along the midline of the pronotal disk. Pereira (1949) reported observing dimorphic males of C. saphirinus. Besides those bearing a tapering head horn, he described small males with a bituberculate swelling of the kind also observed in the palaeno group of Phanaeus and in Oxysternon. In none of the smallest males observed by us have we seen a bituberculate swelling; the minimum condition has been only a small bump or an obsolete tubercle. Martínez (1959) cited C. saphirinus as strictly necrophagous, but it is regularly collected also from human feces. Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) punctatus (Olsoufieff, 1924) Fig. 54, 62, 75-79 Phanaeus punctatus Olsoufieff, 1924: 71 Coprophanaeus punctatus (Olsoufieff) (recomb. Edmonds 1972: 843) Type. Lectotype female (des. by Arnaud, 1982: 116), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (examined).
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