Electoral-Management-Reference-Model-v.1.0

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1.1 The Electoral Management Reference Model (EMRM) A solid and shared understanding of the business of elections as it exists today in Canada provides a foundation upon which electoral agencies can move forward in a collaborative manner. With a focus on the federal, provincial and territorial levels, the Electoral Management Reference Model (EMRM) provides a common framework and shared language for describing the business of electoral administration in Canada. It is a tool to facilitate collaboration and discussion among Canada’s electoral administrators, and it may also be used by a variety of audiences that wish to better understand the business of election administration. In order to get a better sense of where change is most likely to occur, the EMRM includes a discussion of the issues and challenges currently being addressed by electoral managers and the expected challenges over the next ten years. As well, because the business cycle is such a key driver of work intensity in electoral administration, the business processes are discussed in the context of the business cycle. The EMRM contributes to an enhanced understanding of the business of electoral administration in Canada by: • breaking down the business of delivering elections into five major business areas, • showing how these business areas interact with each other within the electoral agency and with external stakeholders, • indicating how the nature and intensity of the business changes over the business cycle, • identifying the current issues affecting each business area, • looking at how each business area may change over the next 10 years, and • assessing the challenges and implications of the above for the application of technology to the business. Figure 1 provides a simplified or high-level view of how the model dissects the business of elections into five business areas, each of which is comprised of a logical grouping of business processes. Through a series of inputs and outputs, the business areas interact with each other within the electoral agency and with external stakeholders. 2 April 9, 2010
Figure 1 The EMRM: A High-Level View Electors Electoral Geography Inside electoral agency Outside electoral agency Events Elections Referenda Enumerations Boundary Redistributions The EMRM acknowledges that different approaches are appropriate in different contexts. Variations in local legislation and/or customs are often at the root of different approaches to a given business process. By providing examples of good business practices from around the country, it is hoped that the document will facilitate reflection on local practices and consideration of improvements where appropriate. Note that examples regarding legislation and jurisdiction-specific practices are accurate at the time of writing, but may become dated unless the EMRM is reviewed and updated on a regular basis. 1.2 Future Elaboration The development of a model such as this is an exercise with no “right” answer. The aim is to describe the business in a way that applies to as many jurisdictions as possible, without being so general that the document is not useful. In order to achieve this balance, the current version of the model, prepared by Elections BC, is intended as a first iteration to be reviewed and improved upon through input from the broader electoral community. When a model that is as close to the “right” answer as possible is achieved, the electoral community can use it for its main purpose: as a foundation for the exploration and discussion of how to move forward with change. Past collaborations within the electoral community in Canada have produced other important pieces of work that lay a foundation for shared information technology projects. The 2006 Common Data Model defines data modelling standards and the data model elements for several data categories: Electors, Addresses, Events, Candidates, Sites, Results, Electoral Finance and Electoral Geography. Reference is made to the Common Data Model when discussing the specific data elements that are captured and maintained by electoral agencies. The 2009 Electoral System Reference Model (ESRM), prepared by Elections BC, provides detailed specifications for the application of technology to all aspects of the election business. 3 April 9, 2010 Political Entities Election Financing
Page 1 and 2: Electoral Management Reference Mode
Page 3 and 4: Document Control Date of original v
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY ........
Page 7 and 8: 5.2.6 Relationship between the addr
Page 9 and 10: 6.4.3 Post-event phase ............
Page 11 and 12: 8.3.1.10 Other geography products f
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 The EMRM:
Page 15 and 16: GLOSSARY Absentee ballot - A ballot
Page 17 and 18: Enumeration - An intensive outreach
Page 19 and 20: Preliminary list - The list of elec
Page 21: 1.0 INTRODUCTION “Election manage
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2 Roadmap to this Document I
Page 27 and 28: • inform and monitor the media;
Page 29 and 30: elector registrations from the poll
Page 31 and 32: Returning Officers are appointed by
Page 33 and 34: Figure 4 Electoral Agency Stakehold
Page 35 and 36: usiness areas having an assigned co
Page 37 and 38: Figure 6 The EMRM: Business Areas,
Page 39 and 40: 4.1 Overall Objectives for Electors
Page 41 and 42: 4.2.5 Types of lists of electors us
Page 43 and 44: helpful tools for identifying sourc
Page 45 and 46: 4.3.2 Business Processes in Elector
Page 47 and 48: Figure 9 Secondary Source Registrat
Page 49 and 50: Figure 10 Register Maintenance Proc
Page 51 and 52: notifications mailed through proces
Page 53 and 54: (elector name, residential address,
Page 55 and 56: determine whether a team of two ele
Page 57 and 58: and Secondary Source Registration b
Page 59 and 60: 4.6.2.3 Registration of electors wh
Page 61 and 62: • sharing of data will reduce dup
Page 63 and 64: 5.0 ELECTORAL GEOGRAPHY This chapte
Page 65 and 66: Table 2 Number of electoral distric
Page 67 and 68: accessibility and to comply with le
Page 69 and 70: Figure 15 Relationship Between Regi
Page 71 and 72: 5.3 Electoral Geography Business Ar
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Triggers for a review of polling di
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are identified as new to the addres
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Figure 18 Work Processes within Add
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Figure 19 summarizes the inputs, ou
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Examples include: • maps that sho
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Figure 20 Variation in Level of Eff
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5.6.2 Related to address register 5
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5.7 Electoral Geography During the
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2. To maintain a complete and curre
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Registered political parties are no
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Figure 25 Candidates and Their Affi
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6.2.4 Fairness in application of re
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6.3.2.1 Registration and Deregistra
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ED Associations. The Election Finan
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Destinations As illustrated in Figu
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signatures from electors who reside
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Destinations Information about lead
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Deregistration At the federal level
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proponent/proponent group and oppon
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6.3.3.5 Notifications of denial or
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6.4.4 Inter-event phase During the
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98 April 9, 2010
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7.2 Election Finance Business Area
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particular report include, but are
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Figure 37 Political Entity Filing -
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Figure 38 Political Entity Support
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Figure 39 Compliance and Enforcemen
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7.3.3.5 Lists of entities failing t
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7.6 Current Issues Affecting the El
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8.0 EVENTS The outputs produced by
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Figure 41 Events Business Processes
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When election dates are not fixed b
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• electors are registered to vote
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the elector has signed the ballot o
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8.3.1.2 Registration statistics fro
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1. Planning and Event Management 2.
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Figure 43 Planning and Event Manage
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Table 3 Example of a WBS and Activi
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Orders During the delivery of the e
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• cultural groups/demographics;
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• ballot printing; • photo-copy
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either a negotiated flat fee or a v
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processes, which link into Recruitm
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perceptions of their voting or regi
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Figure 49 Mailed Notifications - In
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Figure 50 Advertising and Communica
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Advertising and Communications proc
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The content of forms and guides is
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Figure 52 Procurement, Storage, and
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surveys, meetings, reports, etc. In
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Lessons learned from all sources ar
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maximum allowable number of registe
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• what should be printed on the c
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Electors must register at the time
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Figure 57 Voting - Inputs, Outputs
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mail envelope and must be received
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number to the number of electors wh
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Figure 59 Results Reporting - Input
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8.3.3.7 Candidate election results
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about potential polling places, pol
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The act of voting is a fundamental
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identification documents raises acc
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electors they serve and to train an
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a list of some of the questions tha
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Firm, legislated deadlines that mus
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9.3.4 Secure and Private - limits a
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9.3.10 Energy Efficient - environme
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