Sensation & Perception

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Ross Kinnaird/ Allsport/ Getty Images Visual Information Processing Optic nerves connect to the thalamus in the middle of the brain, and the thalamus connects to the visual cortex. Feature Detection Nerve cells in the visual cortex respond to specific features, such as edges, angles, and movement. Theories of Color Vision Trichromatic theory: Based on behavioral experiments, Helmholtz suggested that the retina should contain three receptors that are sensitive to red, blue and green colors. Max Standard stimulus Comparison stimulus Medium Low Blue Green Red 55 57 59 Ganglion & Thalamic Cells Retinal ganglion cells and thalamic neurons break down visual stimuli into small components and have receptive fields with center-surround organization. ON-center OFF-Surround Shape Detection Action Potentials Specific combinations of temporal lobe activity occur as people look at shoes, faces, chairs and houses. Ishai, Ungerleider, Martin and Haxby/ NIMH Subtraction of Colors If three primary colors (pigments) are mixed, subtraction of all wavelengths occurs and the color black is the result. 56 58 60 10
Addition of Colors If three primary colors (lights) are mixed, the wavelengths are added and the color white is the result. Opponent Process Theory Hering proposed that we process four primary colors combined in pairs of red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. Opponent Colors Fritz Goro, LIFE magazine, © 1971 Time Warner, Inc. Cones Gaze at the middle of the flag for about 30 Seconds. When it disappears, stare at the dot and report 61 Photoreceptors: Trichromatic Theory MacNichol, Wald and Brown (1967) measured directly the absorption spectra of visual pigments of single cones obtained from the retinas of humans. Blue Cones Short wave Color Blindness Green Cones Medium wave Red Cones Long wave 62 Genetic disorder in which people are blind to green or red colors. This supports the Trichromatic theory. Retinal Ganglion Cells 63 64 Ishihara Test <strong>Perception</strong> in Brain Our perceptions are a combination of sensory (bottom-up) and cognitive (top-down) processes. whether or not you see Britain's flag. 65 66 11
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Sensation & Perception

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