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FYO7 SLAC S CIENCE AND T ECHNOLOGY S ELF E VALUATION x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, magnetization dynamics by spatially resolved absorption intensity fluctuation spectroscopy and resonant small angle scattering of incoherent photons to study spin fluctuations in the vicinity of the ferro to paramagnetic phase transition. Small and Wide Angle Scattering Studies of Soft Matter and Colloids: Small angle scattering is an important tool for the study of polymers and nanomaterials. Work carried out in FY07 includes: (1) Studies of block copolymers using small-angle x-ray scattering demonstrated that reversible order-disorder transitions are obtained in these materials even when the cross-linking density is larger than that required to obtain a gel; and (2) Alloy nanoparticles which have been proposed as a solution to problems with platinum catalysts used in fuel cells. However, these systems undergo degradation processes involving sintering and partial delayering under electrochemical operation. In-situ small angle scattering is being used to understand these processes in real time and has confirmed the proof of concept; initial experiments have been completed. Structural Properties of Novel Materials: X-ray diffraction is being used to study the detailed structure of a wide variety of materials systems. Several major subgroups of materials studied include the local structure of noncrystalline materials, thin films, and nanoporous materials. Examples include: (1) PBTTT, a semiconducting polymer that forms thin film transistors (TFTs) with high field effect mobility on silicon dioxide dielectrics that are treated with alkyltricholorosilanes (~0.2 to 0.5 cm 2 /Vs), but forms TFTs with poor mobility on bare silicon dioxide (< 0.005 cm 2 /Vs). Results suggest that electrical transport in PBTTT films is strongly affected by the domain size of the crystalline regions and the disordered regions between them; (2) Rare earth ® tri-tellurides (RTe3) are ideal materials in which to study charge density waves (CDW), since the CDW gap is large and large crystals can be grown. The transition temperature increases monotonically with increasing RTe3 lattice parameter by an extraordinarily large amount suggesting that this behavior, and a secondary transition for the heaviest members of the series, is intimately linked to the effect of chemical pressure on the degree of bilayer splitting of the Fermi surface; and (3) the structure, phase, strain and particle size and composition distributions in Co-Pt and Cu-Pt fuel cell nanoparticle electrocatalysts were measured, demonstrating the complexity in these multiphase materials with respect to catalyst activity and degradation. From this information, Synthesis-Structure-Activity relationships have been derived. Ultra-trace and Microanalysis: The NASA Stardust Preliminary Examination period was extremely successful, resulting in two publications with SSRL co-authors as part of a focused Science issue. Two important points were raised: synchrotron x-ray microprobe facilities are crucial for nondestructive analysis of the cometary material collected by the Stardust mission, and the silica aerogel used to capture the cometary material creates real challenges for the analysis of the material because there is considerable mixing of cometary material with the aerogel. The SSRL/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) collaboration developed analytical methods to quantify the cometary material in each deceleration track. This involves defining a threshold surface of Fe contamination within the aerogel matrix which is subtracted from the total Fe signal at each pixel of the map. A Transmission X-ray Microscope (TXM) from Xradia Inc. was delivered in October 2006 and commissioned during 2007, and demonstrated a resolution of 40 nm. Phase contrast imaging was demonstrated on biological materials and images were obtained across the iron absorption edge. This microscope will provide significant capabilities for materials science, environmental and biological applications. XAS Studies as a Probe of Electronic Structure/Contribution to Function: Experimental and theoretical approaches are developed, coupled with new beam line instrumentation, combining metal K-, ligand K-, and metal L-edge XAS and PES to determine the electronic and geometric structure of metal active sites in biologically- and catalytically-relevant systems. The synchrotron-based data are correlated to results from other spectroscopic methods (including Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), and resonance Raman), as well as to density functional calculations to maximize insight into the reactivity of these systems. P A G E 6 F I N A L
FYO7 SLAC S CIENCE AND T ECHNOLOGY S ELF E VALUATION User and Staff Awards Kornberg, Roger Stanford University SSRL User 2006 Nobel Prize, Chemistry Zachara, John PNNL SSRL User 2007 DOE Lawrence Award Hodgson, Keith SLAC SLAC Faculty Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Hodgson, Keith SLAC SLAC Faculty 2007 Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors Outstanding Paper Award Brown Jr, Gordon SLAC & Stanford SLAC and Stanford 2007 Roebling Medal, Mineralogical University University Faculty Society of America Brown Jr., Gordon SLAC & Stanford SLAC and Stanford 2007 Patterson Medal, The University University Faculty Geochemical Society Brown Jr., Gordon SLAC & Stanford SLAC and Stanford 2006 Hawley Medal, Mineralogical University Brown Jr., Gordon SLAC & Stanford University Yano, Junko Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Schimmel, Paul Scripps Research Institute University Faculty SLAC and Stanford University Faculty Association of Canada 2007 Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors Outstanding Paper Award SSRL User 2007 Robin Hill Award, given by the International Society for Photosynthesis Research SSRL User Stein and Moore Award from The Protein Society McGehee, Michael Stanford University SSRL User 2007 Materials Research Society Outstanding Young Investigator Pianetta, Piero SLAC SLAC Faculty Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society Vey, Jessica MIT SSRL User 2007 Melvin Klein Award, presented at the SSRL Users’ Meeting Harris, Hugh U. of Adelaide SSRL User 2007 Spicer Award, presented at the SSRL Users’ Meeting Cavalieri, Adrian Max-Planck SSRL User Co-winner of the 2006 W.E. Spicer Young Investigator Award Publication in journals outside the field indicating significant impact Archimedes Project: The Archimedes project (see the Publications Appendix) received enormous national and international press coverage following the initial results in May 2005 and then again after the third experimental run in August 2006. Both Nature (News@Nature, May 16, 2005, and Nature, 435, 257, 2005) and Science (Science, 313, 744, 2006) have reported on the project, as well as many leading news journals, TV and radio news stations in the United States and around the world. On August 2, 2006, the Archimedes x-ray project was the most e-mailed news story on the BBC News website. On August 3, it was listed as the most popular story of the previous five days. A partial list of the 2006 press coverage as compiled on August 11 by the SLAC Communications Office is included as a separate section of the Publications Appendix. Other publications in popular literature include: Elemental Magnetism, INTUTE, June 8, 2007 Carbon Joins the Magnetic Club, PULSE magazine, US Department of Energy, June 4, 2007 Carbon’s mysterious magnetism, Science News Magazine June 2, 2007, featured in the online version of the Encyclopedia Britannica First Proof of Ferromagnetic Carbon, Advanced Light Source (ALS) science highlight July 2007 Carbon Joins the Magnetic Club, SSRL Science highlight May 29, 2007 F I N A L P A G E 7
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BES - SLAC Group/Department Public Websites - Stanford University

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