BES - SLAC Group/Department Public Websites - Stanford University

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BES FYO7 SLAC S CIENCE AND T ECHNOLOGY S ELF E VALUATION A ▪ Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) is a national user facility that provides synchrotron radiation to a broad user community to investigate objects at the atomic and molecular level, allowing a wide variety of research in basic and applied studies on the structure of matter. About 2,000 researchers use SSRL each year from industry, government laboratories and universities and represent the fields of astronomy, biology, chemical engineering, chemistry, electrical engineering, molecular environmental science, geology, materials science, medicine, and physics. The SSRL facility currently provides 27 end-stations on 20 beam lines (BL), as well as ancillary equipment and supporting infrastructure. Additional end-stations are undergoing or awaiting upgrades for SPEAR3 compatibility. SSRL also has ongoing training opportunities to disseminate information, technological and theoretical developments, and to encourage reciprocal exchange of information and thought, from both pure science and practical perspectives. The audience is broad and topics typically include methodological and instrumentation developments, highlights of new capabilities developed at SSRL, accelerator upgrades, theoretical applications, etc. Much of this information is also provided on-line via the SSRL web (www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu). SSRL also manages the Gateway program, which is an educational program tailored specifically for Mexican- American and Mexican communities in undergraduate and graduate education by engaging student scholars in science and engineering research programs at all levels. SSRL provides beam lines, instrumentation and supporting facilities to enable its user research programs in the following areas. Studies of Condensed Matter – (a) structures of materials including amorphous solids and liquids, polymer systems, catalysts, doped semiconductors, magnetic storage materials and environmentally relevant systems; (b) structures of and phase transitions in surfaces, interfaces, and thin surface layers; (c) the determination of electronic states in metals, semiconductors, magnetic systems, superconductors, ultra-thin layers, interfaces and small clusters; (d) kinetics of structural changes in materials; (e) fundamental x-ray scattering and absorption physics; and (f) chemical reactivities in the gas phase. Structural Molecular Biology – (a) protein structure and function through macromolecular crystallography studies; (b) protein metal active site structure and function through x-ray absorption spectroscopy (edge and extended fine structure) studies; (c) solution protein structure studies, static and time-resolved protein folding studies by small angle x-ray scattering. Specialized facilities for handling biological materials are available. A high brightness wiggler beam line for structural molecular biology provides three experimental stations (funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research [BER]). The construction of a new in-vacuum undulator-based beam line for macromolecular crystallography, funded by a gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation via California Institute of Technology, is complete and is now in its construction and is now in commissioning. Facility Research and Development (R&D) Development of new experimental capabilities is usually undertaken by SSRL faculty and staff scientists often in collaboration with users once the users’ needs have been assessed through workshops or other meetings. By actively driving research on the beam lines, the SSRL faculty and scientific staff are able to develop and maintain state-of-the-art experimental capabilities at SSRL as well as create new user communities. These programs are quite varied and many of the new programs will take advantage of the higher brightness capabilities of SPEAR3 through the implementation of advanced spectroscopic capabilities, coherence and microfocusing. P A G E 4 F I N A L
FYO7 SLAC S CIENCE AND T ECHNOLOGY S ELF E VALUATION Objective 1.1 Science and Technology Results Provide Meaningful Impact on the Field SSRL carries out a broad user-based research program in the physical, chemical and biological sciences as well as in targeted research areas through its facilities R&D activities. The user research is best seen through the extensive publications list presented in the Publications Appendix1 and through the SSRL Highlights, which are available on the SSRL website. Selected accomplishments from the SSRL facilities R&D activities are described below. Inelastic Scattering and Advanced Spectroscopy Facility for SPEAR3: The high resolution x-ray spectrometer on BL6-2 has been upgraded with parts for a second multi-crystal component which will double the efficiency to a total of 14 analyzers. We have commissioned the instrument. The first Fe RIXS (resonant inelastic x-ray scattering) spectra were taken and the first Mn Kβ XES (x-ray emission spectroscopy) studies were also performed. These experiments are part of a program on time resolved studies that will employ wavelength dispersive XES optics. Two XRS (x-ray resonant scattering) studies on water in ambient and confined conditions were performed at BL6-2 and these were the first XRS studies successfully carried out at SSRL, demonstrating the feasibility of the XRS work. We have transferred much work XRS work previously carried out at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to SSRL BL6-2. We will use this beam line until a dedicated beam line becomes available, as has been proposed. Molecular Environmental and Interface Science: Molecular Environmental and Interface Science (MEIS) research focuses on the fundamental interfacial, molecular- and nano-scale processes that control the reactivity of contaminants in the environment, nutrient cycling in soils and natural waters, and the properties of complex natural materials such as nano-biominerals. This research makes significant use of SSRL-based synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), x-ray standing wave (XSW) spectroscopy, and photoemission spectroscopy (PES) to provide direct in-situ probes of physical and electronic structure. Research in these areas contributes directly to contaminant remediation technologies, cost mitigation and accelerated clean-up of contaminated DOE sites, improved storage of high level radioactive waste, the discovery of new materials and structures that can be used in energy-related applications, and improved understanding of the surface and environmental reactivity of materials used in advanced nuclear systems. A programmatic effort to build microspectroscopy and microdiffraction MEIS programs for environmental remediation science continued in FY07 with the commissioning of the imaging and XAS capabilities. In addition, the development of significant new data acquisition and analysis software tools was completed. This facility has quickly developed a large user community. Chemical Physics of Surfaces and Liquids: This research program uses x-ray and electron spectroscopies to address chemical bonding on surfaces and in aqueous solutions. PES, XES, XAS and x-ray Raman spectroscopy provides an atom specific projection of the electronic structure. Problems related to systems in catalysis, energy technologies, electrochemistry and molecular environmental science are studied using these and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Probing hydrogen bonding and the structure of liquid water in aqueous systems are new and novel applications of x-ray spectroscopic techniques. Instrument development is an important part of the activity to provide new spectrometers, and enable measurements at high gas pressures and at liquid interfaces. A wide range of problems is being addressed. Development of Resonant Coherent X-ray Scattering: This research has developed lensless imaging with sub 20 nm spatial resolution and includes investigation of charge and spin dynamics by 1 http://www-group.slac.stanford.edu/oa/selfevaluation/2007/PubsAppendix.pdf F I N A L P A G E 5
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