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FYO7 SLAC S CIENCE AND T ECHNOLOGY S ELF E VALUATION sample. These decay processes, in which the charge or energy of an excited state in a molecule is transferred to an adjacent metal electrode, depend strongly upon the molecule to metal spacing. Development and Mechanistic Characterization of Alloy Fuel Cell Catalysts (A. Nilsson): This research program investigates mechanistic aspects of fuel cell catalysis on metal surfaces. A challenge for the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative is to develop cost efficient electrocatalysts with high durability for the next generation of fuel cells. Synchrotron radiation based x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy methods are needed that allow in-situ probing of the intermediates in the catalytic cathode process where both species identification, geometric and electronic structure properties are fully characterized. In parallel to the fundamental synchrotron work, theory-guided combinatorial synthesis and high throughput electrochemical screening methodologies for fuel cell cathode catalysts will be developed and applied to link mechanistic hypotheses and catalyst testing under realistic conditions in high dimensional compositional and process parameter spaces. Magnetic Materials Research (J. Stöhr): New techniques and approaches are developed to study magnetic and correlated materials in the form of thin films, multilayers and nanostructures and explore the origin of magnetic phenomena associated with such materials. A new effort has been started to use coherent x-ray imaging to understand the spin, orbital and charge orderings and their spatial and temporal correlations across phase transitions in strongly correlated electron systems. Transition metal oxides like manganites and cuprates exhibit phase transitions with intrinsically inhomogeneous phases due to the coexistence of several isoenergetic competing ground states with differing charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom. Our goal is to investigate a spatiotemporal phase space that has remained unexplored so far. X-rays are unique in that they allow the observation of nanoscale orbital and spin textures and their dynamics on time scales down to microseconds. Other nanoscale imaging techniques are unable to explore dynamic processes down into the microsecond regime so that fluctuating phases would simply remain hidden in time-averaged measurements. Awards Brongersma, Mark Stanford University Gores Award for Excellence in Teaching Manoharan, Hari A. J. Kumar Award Firestone Medal McGehee, Michael Materials Research Society Outstanding Young Investigator Award (2007) Publications In addition to 94 invited talks listed in the Publications Appendix, XLAM scientists also published 73 other papers in 2007. See the Publications Appendix for details. N OTEWORTHY P RACTICES Coupling to Stanford University XLAM has enhanced the coupling between SLAC and Stanford University. It has brought Stanford’s human resources to the DOE mission and has brought DOE opportunities to Stanford. O PPORTUNITIES FOR I MPROVEMENT As the XLAM grows, there will be opportunities for increased coupling between Stanford University researchers and SLAC. Such opportunities include the possibility of starting a SLAC/Stanford initiative on sciences related to the DOE core mission in energy, environment, and technology as well as developing large scale instrumentation and new scientific tools, such as detectors or computational tools. P A G E 2 8 F I N A L
FYO7 SLAC S CIENCE AND T ECHNOLOGY S ELF E VALUATION Objective 1.2 Leadership in Science and Technology XLAM faculty members are leaders in the scientific community as illustrated by the list of advisory committees in which they participate. Beasley, Malcolm Program Review Committee of the Solid State Sciences Division of ORNL Goldhaber-Gordon, David Review Committee for Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ORNL Kapitulnik, Aharon Member of Executive Committee of Division of Condensed Matter Physics, APS Member of NSF review panel on Gravitational physics Nilsson, Anders Member of the review panel in Catalysis for the President’s Hydrogen Fuel Initiative, 2007 Stöhr, Jo Scientific Advisory Committee, APS, ANL Scientific Advisory Committee, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ORNL Research being performed at XLAM has set the standard in a number of fields including the research of (1) Z.-X. Shen in the area of correlated materials in which ultra-high energy and angle resolved photoemission is being pioneered to study the electronic structure of novel materials; (2) I. R. Fisher, M. R. Beasley, and T. H. Geballe in the growth of novel materials for the study of correlated systems; (3) S. Kivelson, R. Laughlin and S. Zhang for theory of condensed matter; (4) A. Kapitulnik, H. Manoharan, K.A. Moler in the area of using local probes for the study of nanoscale phenomena in complex materials; (5) M.D. McGehee, N. Melosh, M. Brongersma for study of the behavior of charges, excitons and plasmons at organic/inorganic interfaces; (6) A. Nilsson for the development and mechanistic characterization of alloy fuel cell catalysts; and (7) J. Stöhr for magnetic materials research. In addition, XLAM staff has participated in organizing workshops in cooperation with both SSRL and the ALS. XLAM has a very large number of active collaborations, as described below. XLAM faculty member: Z.-X. Shen Title: Spectroscopy & Scattering Study of Complex Materials Collaborators: D. Basov (UCSD), Bontemps (ESPCI, France), P. Bourges (LLB, France), F. Briges (UCSC), S.E. Brown (UCLA), D. Casa (APS), T. Gog (APS), S. Grenier (BNL), K. Ishii (SPring-8, Japan), Y.J. Kim (Toronto), M.V. Klein (UIUC), D. van der Marel (Geneva, Switzerland), J. Mizuki (SPring-8, Japan), N.P. Ong (Princeton), D. Petitgrand (LLB, France), M. Rubenhausen (Hamburg, Germany), Y. Uemura (Columbia University), O.P. Vajk (Missouri), N. Nagaosa (Univ. Tokyo), F. Ronning (LANL), K.M. Shen (UBC), N.P. Armitage (Johns Hopkins), A. Damascelli (UBC), L.L. Miller (Ames), C. Kim (Yonsei), B. Wannberg (Scienta), V. Brouet (U. of Pairs), D. Dessau (U. of Colorado), Z. Hussain (LBNL), Junren Shi (ORNL), T. Yoshida (U. of Tokyo), Yoichi Ando (Criepi, Japan), Z.X. Zhao (IOP, Beijing), T. Sasagawa (U. of Tokyo), H. Eisaki (AIST, Japan), S. Uchida (U. of Tokyo), A. Fujimori (U. of Tokyo), Zhengyu Zhang (ORNL), E.W. Plummer (ORNL), R.B. Laughlin (Stanford), J. Osterwalder (Zurich), N.J.C. Ingle (UBC), I.R. Fisher (Stanford), J.F. Mitchell (ANL), J. Zaanen (Leiden), A. Ino (Hiroshima), O. Rosch (MPI Stuttgart), O. Gunnarsson (MPI Stuttgart), W.H. Xie (MPI Stuttgart), O. Jepsen (MPI Stuttgart), O.K. Andersen (MPI Stuttgart), C.T. Lin (MPI Stuttgart), A. Lanzara (Berkeley), D.L. Feng (Fudan U.), D.v.d. Marel (U. of Geneva), A.P. Mackenzie (St. Andrews), S. Danzenbacher (U. of Dresden), S.L. Molodtsov (Dresden), T. Tohyama (Tohoku U.), S. Maekawa (Tohoku), Akira Iyo (AIST, Japan), T. Fujii (Waseda U.), I. Terasaki (Waseda U.), D.J. Scalapino (UCSB), R.S. Markiewicz (Northeastern), A. Bansil F I N A L P A G E 2 9
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