Introduction to Lac and Lac Culture - Birsa Agricultural University

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ENEMIES OF LAC INSECTS Introduction to Lac and Lac Culture There are many natural enemies of lac insects which include vertebrates, invertebrates (insect predators and parasites) and microbial flora. Vertebrate enemies of lac insects The important vertebrate enemies are squirrels and rats and the damage caused by those enemies can be as serious as 50% of brood sticks in worst condition. Squirrels are active during the day time and the damage by them is more common under forest condition. Rats are active at night time and the damage usually occurs near about the villages. Towards the crop maturity, these pests either gnaw the mature lac encrustation on the tree and the brood lac tied to trees for inoculation and consume the full grown lac female insects with plenty of eggs inside them. The damage to brood lac tied to trees interferes with the inoculation, as the brood bundles and lac encrustations drop to the ground while the larval emergence is taking place. Besides squirrels and rats, monkeys also cause some damage to lac encrustations and to the newly developing shoots from pruned trees by breaking them. Control It is difficult to control the squirrels and rats under the open field conditions where lac is cultivated. However scaring away of these animals or poisoning them may be adopted to keep the rodents under attack. Insect enemies of Lac insect It has been estimated that on an average, up to 30-40% of the lac cells are destroyed by insect enemies of lac crop. At times, the enemy attack can be so serious as to result in crop failures. These are two kinds of enemy insects : (1) Parasites & (II) Predators (i) Parasites : All parasites causing damage to lac insect belong to the Order Hymenoptera of class Insecta. A list of parasites associated with lac insect Kerria lacca) is presented below : Sl.No. Name of the parasite Family 1. Anicetus dodonia - Encyrtidae 2. Atropates hautefeuilli - Encyrtidae 3. Aphrastobracon flavipennis - Encyrtidae 4. Bracon greeni - Encyrtidae 5. Campyloneurus indicus - Encyrtidae 6. Coccophaqus tchirchii Aphelinidae 21
Introduction to Lac and Lac Culture Sl.No. Name of the parasite Family 22 7. Erencyrtus dewitzi Encyrtidae 8. Eupelmus tachardiae Eupelmidae 9. Eurymyiocnema aphelinoides Aphelinidae 10. Lyka lacca Encyrtidae 11. marietta javensis Aphelinidae 12. Parageniaspis indicus Encyrtidae 13. Parechthrodryinus clavicornis Encyrtidae 14. Protyndarichus submettalicus Encyrtidae 15. Tachardiaephagus tachardiae Encyrtidae 16. Teachardiobius nigricans Encyrtidae 17. Aprostocetus(Tetrastichus) purpureus Eulophidae Among the parasites listed above Tachardiaephagus tachardiae and Tetrastichus purpureus are the most abundant lac associated parasites. They lay their eggs in the lac cells and the grubs (larvae) hatching out feed on the lac insect within its cell. (II) Predators : The predators on the other hand, are more serious and may cause damage up to 30-35 percent to the cells in a crop. The list of predators of lac insects are given below: Sl. No. Insect Predator Order Family 1. Eublemma amabilis Lepidoptera Noctuidae 2. E. coccidiphaga ,, ,, 3. E. cretacea ,, ,, 4. E. scitula ,, ,, 5. Pseudohypatopa pulverea ,, Blastobasidae 6. Catablemma sumbavensis ,, ,, 7. Cryptoblabes ephestialis ,, ,,
Page 1: Introduction to Tech. Bull. FBTI :
Page 4 and 5: Forward T he compilation “Introdu
Page 6 and 7: FAcULTy OF FORESTRy BIRSA AGRIcULTU
Page 8 and 9: Introduction to Lac and Lac Culture
Page 12 and 13: WHAT IS LAC? Introduction to Lac an
Page 16 and 17: Area wise utilization of lac hosts
Page 18 and 19: Sl. No. Inoculation with Lac Swarmi
Page 22 and 23: SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF LAC CULTIVATIO
Page 26 and 27: INOCULATION OF BROOD LAC Following
Page 30 and 31: Sl. No. Insect Predator Order Famil

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