Cortical and subcortical mechanisms in persistent stuttering ...

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Chapter 2 Study 1 Non-speech motor processing in stuttering 2.1 Right-shift for non-speech motor processing in adults who stutter Nicole E. Neef 1,2 , Kristina Jung 3 , Holger Rothkegel 1,2 , Bettina Pollok 4 , Alexander Wolff von Gudenberg 3 , Walter Paulus 1,2 , and Martin Sommer 1,2 1 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany, 2 Center for Systems Neuroscience, Goettingen, Germany 3 Institut der Kasseler Stottertherapie, Bad Emstal, Germany 4 Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany Running title: non-speech motor processing in stuttering Address for correspondence: Martin Sommer, M.D. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany Tel. +49-551-39 66 50, Fax. +49-551-39 81 26; Email: msommer@gwdg.de 31
Page 1 and 2: Cortical and subcortical mechanisms
Page 3: Statement of Originality I hereby d
Page 6 and 7: Appendix B - Stuttering and acquire
Page 8 and 9: PM premotor cortex PMd dorsolateral
Page 10 and 11: addition I conducted an fMRI study
Page 12 and 13: movements which enable a fast detec
Page 14 and 15: aforementioned description of the s
Page 16 and 17: encoding lexical, grammatical, phon
Page 18 and 19: 1.5.1 The cerebral dominance hypoth
Page 20 and 21: motor hand area in adults who stutt
Page 22 and 23: Figure 1-1 from Mink, 1996: Schemat
Page 24 and 25: dystonia (Berardelli et al., 2008).
Page 26 and 27: Table 1-2 Results from diffusion te
Page 29: Chapter 2 Original articles 2 Origi
Page 34 and 35: Introduction Fluent speech requires
Page 36 and 37: al., 2009), as well. Recent studies
Page 38 and 39: German version of the SSI-3 (Sandri
Page 40 and 41: To control for group differences in
Page 42 and 43: are used for motor preparation (Ben
Page 44 and 45: elicit an effect, we assume that th
Page 46 and 47: References (WHO) WHO. ICD-10 F98.5
Page 48 and 49: Fox PT, Ingham RJ, Ingham JC, Zamar
Page 50 and 51: Koch G, Franca M, Del Olmo MF, Chee
Page 52 and 53: O'Shea J, Sebastian C, Boorman ED,
Page 54 and 55: Spencer RM, Ivry RB, and Zelaznik H
Page 56 and 57: Tab. 1 Characteristics of participa
Page 58 and 59: Fig. 1: Mean values (± standard er
Page 61: Chapter 2 Study 2 Excitability of t
Page 64 and 65: 64 1. Introduction Speech-relevant
Page 66 and 67: Before experimental measures were o
Page 68 and 69: Experiment 2 Motor threshold was re
Page 70 and 71: Experiment 2 Motor threshold compar
Page 72 and 73: group F(1,24) = 4.59, p = .043; and
Page 74 and 75: of the left hemisphere (1.29± 1.06
Page 76 and 77: plasma concentration correlates pos
Page 78 and 79: dependent modulation of intracortic
Page 80 and 81:
Di Lazzaro V, Restuccia D, Oliviero
Page 82 and 83:
Roca DJ, Schiller GD, Friedman L, R
Page 84 and 85:
Figure 1 Intracortical inhibition a
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 2 Reduction of intracortical
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Figure 3 Steeper MEP recruitment in
Page 90 and 91:
Table 1 Description of the samples.
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Table 3 Group differences for intra
Page 95:
Chapter 2 Study 3 Phoneme Categoriz
Page 98 and 99:
Introduction Stuttering is characte
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publication by Möttönen and Watki
Page 102 and 103:
continua were presented in separate
Page 104 and 105:
epetition 2, t(19) = 3.713, p = .00
Page 106 and 107:
exhibited broader ambivalence inter
Page 108 and 109:
Direction into Velocities of Articu
Page 110 and 111:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was suppo
Page 112 and 113:
speech motor contro. Neuroimage: do
Page 114 and 115:
114 pathways for language. Proceedi
Page 116 and 117:
estimated by computing the absolute
Page 118 and 119:
Figure 1. Standardized Distribution
Page 120 and 121:
Figure 3. Descriptive Statistics. (
Page 123:
Chapter 3 Summary 3 Summary The thr
Page 126 and 127:
contribute to the intermittent invo
Page 128 and 129:
Continuous performance Besides the
Page 131 and 132:
A Appendix A Appendix A - Levelt’
Page 133 and 134:
A Appendix A progressive tense stu
Page 135 and 136:
A Appendix A antagonistic pairs of
Page 137 and 138:
A Appendix B Appendix B - Stutterin
Page 139 and 140:
A Appendix B ceased stuttering (Mur
Page 141:
A Appendix B adjusted stimulation o
Page 145 and 146:
A Appendix D Appendix D - Transcran
Page 147 and 148:
L LiteratureD Literatur Ackermann H
Page 149 and 150:
L Literature Burghaus L, Hilker R,
Page 151 and 152:
L Literature Fox PT, Ingham RJ, Ing
Page 153 and 154:
L Literature Kell CA, Neumann K, vo
Page 155 and 156:
L Literature Max L, Caruso AJ, and
Page 157 and 158:
L Literature Riaz N, Steinberg S, A
Page 159 and 160:
L Literature genetics of stuttering
Page 161 and 162:
A Acknowledgements D Acknowledgemen
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