1st Workshop BOOK - project RHEA

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A Five-Step Approach for Planning a Robotic Site-Specific Weed Management Program for Winter Wheat to manage them using different control tactics. Information on the life cycle, tendency to aggregate in patches, competitiveness with the crop, longevity of the seeds and possible beneficial effects to wildlife of all the major weed species present in winter wheat in Spain has been stored in a `Weed generic´ database (Fig. 2). BROADLEAVED 6 Common names Present? Patchiness Competitiveness Longevity Beneficial Galium aparine Cleavers Medium High Low No Papaver rhoeas Poppy Low Medium Very high Yes Sinapis arvensis Wild mustard Medium High Medium Yes Veronica hedaerefolia Speedwell Low Low Medium No GRASSES Avena sterilis Wild oat High High Medium No Lolium rigidum Ryegrass Medium Medium Low No Bromus diandrus Rigput brome High High Low No Phalaris brachistachis Canarygrass High Medium Medium Yes Fig. 2. Example of a generic database with some of the major biological characteristics of selected weed species present in winter wheat crops in Spain. In the case of herbicides, a `Herbicide spatial´ database will be constructed using the prescription and spraying maps generated in previous years (in case the system is used over a series of years) as well as with information coming directly from the user (e.g. control failures in some zones of the field). A comprehensive `Herbicide generic´ data base with all the commercial herbicides available in Spain for winter wheat has been constructed. This database contains information on their optimal timing, weed selectivity, risk of resistance, toxicity, environmental effects, cost, etc. (Fig. 3).
1. Optimal growth stage: 2. Weed selectivity: 3. Other data: Robotics and associated High technologies and Equipment for Agriculture Tribenuron Dicamba Fluroxipir Diclofop Fenaxaprop Clodinafop Tribenuron Dicamba Fluroxipir Diclofop Fenaxaprop Clodinafop Fig. 3. Example of a generic database of selected herbicides for winter wheat Finally, the `Agronomy´ database will provide information on field size, boundaries and obstacles, cropping history, drilling and harvest dates, expected yields, expected crop value, basic costs for operations such as soil tillage, fertilizing and spraying as well as values for the variable costs associated with each crop. Although default values are provided by the system in some cases, in other cases they should be filled by the user. 4. Step 3: Current year decisions 1 leaf 2 leaves 3 leaves Early Medium Late Jointing tillering tillering tillering Broadleaved weeds Grasses Galium Papaver Sinapis Veronica Avena Lolium Phalaris Excellent Commercial Dose /ha product Aceptable Cost (€ / ha) Toxicity Wildlife risk Poor None Resistance group Tribenuron GRANSTAR 15-25 gr 20 Xi B B Dicamba BANVEL 0.3-0.5 l 10 Xi B O Fluroxipir STARANE 0.75-1 l 25 Xi - O Diclofop COLT 2.5 l 25 Xn B A Fenaxaprop PUMA 1.0-1.25 l 38 Xn A A Clodinafop TOPIK 0.17-0.35 g 40 Xn A A Weed management in conventional wheat production relies heavily on herbicide use. Current year decision-making for herbicide use is a complex task requiring the integration of information on weed biology, expected crop yields and potential yield losses caused by different weeds, herbicide options, timing and efficacy of each herbicide, economic profitability of the treatment and environmental risks (Fig. 4). Agricultural growers and consultants can manage the integration of these complex factors by using decision support systems (DSS) (Parsons et al., 2009). 7
Page 1: RHEA-2011 ROBOTIICS AND ASSOCIIATED
Page 5: The research leading to these resul
Page 9 and 10: FOREWORD These proceedings are the
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS Weed management A Five-Ste
Page 13: A Five-Step Approach for Planning a
Page 16 and 17: A Five-Step Approach for Planning a
Page 26 and 27: Effect of flaming with different LP
Page 37 and 38: Robotics and associated High techno
Page 45: A Five-Step Approach for Planning a
Page 48 and 49: Hyperspectral imagery to discrimina
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Strategies for video sequence stabi
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Strategies for video sequence stabi
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Camera System geometry for site spe
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Robotics and associated High techno
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4. Methods Robotics and associated
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Camera System geometry for site spe
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3. Experiments Robotics and associa
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Techniques for Area Discretization
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2.3 Temperature sensor cards Roboti
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2.5 Principal points of interest Ro
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Temperature (ºC) Temperature (ºC)
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4. Conclusions Robotics and associa
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3. Results and Discussion Robotics
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4. Conclusions Robotics and associa
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1.3. Time management in Webots Robo
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3.2 Risk assessment Robotics and as
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References Robotics and associated
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6. Conclusions and Future Work Robo
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1st Workshop BOOK - project RHEA

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