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You soon forget what you paid for your care
But when they cause trouble you can not forget
Cheap care are poor economy because yc
paying for them as long as you own
THE WATT MINING CAR WHEEL
Barnesville, Ohio.
DoUBLEDAY-HlLL ELI
9lit Liberty Ave., PITTSBURGH. P

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GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, DECEMBER 2, 1912 No. 1
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
92G 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
correct, and if it is so, to what extent, ihe past
fortnight has seen the shipping of coal from the
central competitive field to the head of the lakes
at its zenith and in consequence there is consider­
able accretion to the supplies on hand.
In tbe Pittsburgh district the car supply still
is short and still hampers production, to such an
extent that 60 per cent, probably represents the
maximum output at the present time. Labor short­
age also is felt, although not to so great an extent
as would lie the case were in plentiful sup­
ply. The shippers have been hurrying coal to the
lower lake ports to get it away before the season
PERSISTENT DEMAND WITH A CONTINUATION OF THE closed. In this they have been hindered by the
HIGH PRICES for spot coal mark the situation in car question. But, having been bothered with
the industry .at the present time, although there this for some time, they have gotten somewhat
are some reports of a softening of- prices in in­ used to it and are doing the best they can with
stances where the supply is somewhat near the conditions as they find them. The demand shows
amount the demand can absorb. But as a rule little diminution, and the prices tor spot coal, when
the same stiffness is shown as was prevalent at an operating concern has any. still show top fig­
the opening of the past month. The situation as ures. In fact consumers, as they have in the past
to car supply is bad, and the labor problem still month or more, are maldng the prices, and the
deserves some attention, but they have become premiums they are offering are largely governed
somewhat of a monotony to the trade, hence not by how badly they need the coal. With these con­
as much attention is attracted to them as there ditions prevailing, spot quotations aie held at
was earlier in the year.
$1.75 to $1.90 for run-of-mine eoal; $1.85 to $2.oo
for three-quarter coal; $2.CO to $2.10 for inch and
The.lake shipping season is drawing to a close,
one-quarter coal, while slack is in greater demand
in fact one of the large carrying lines having
than ever at a price of $1.10 to $1.20. Already
ordered its boats into ordinary as soon as i hey
hints of 1913 circular prices at figures somewhat
have completed their piesent trips, and this com­
higher than those of last year are heard as a repany
is receiving no more cargoes for shipment.
The lake season, as represented by the government
sult of this steady high price for spot coal.
lights and buoys and underwriters carrying of The coke manufacturers are having all the good
insurance has been extended to Dec. 5. but what things come to them these days. They are getting
boats are loading are making their trip hurriedly out a tonnage running over 400,000 tons per week,
so as not to be caught in the closing up of the are having it absorbed by the market as fast as
lakes with ice. With the season drawing to a made and are getting top notch prices for it. Con­
close, reports are heard that the head of lake docks sequently, they are having the fat years after
will be short on anthracite tonnage to a consider­ having had a long term of the lean ones. The
able extent, but it will be necessary to await the number of ovens being fixed is constantly in­
official figures before it can be determined if this is creasing, and plants that had been abandoned,
33416&

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
apparently for good, are being put into shape and
are being fired up in order to meet the demand.
All this spells prosperity for the coke regions, and
were it not for tbe scarcity of labor, which, while
not serious, is yet had enough, there would be
nothing to act as a drawback to the trade. Prices
are held at $3.25 to $3.50 for furnace coke, while
foundry coke is held at $3.50 to $3.75, and some
manufacturers are quoting as high as $4.50 for
prompt shipments for tlie present month.
In the anthracite branch ot the trade, the con­
tinued breaking of tonnage records is going on,
and it is predicted that when the figures for Novem­
ber are available they will show tfiat the month
was the tanner one in the history of the industry.
There have been some little labor troubles, but
they are only tbe petty ones that have afflicted the
industry for months, with no other result than to
be annoying and to cut down tonnage. But even
those things have not held the trade back, and it
is going forward at a speed that will bring end
of year figures close to record. The prices have-
not been changed by the producing companies, and
the stories of high prices at distributing and con­
suming centers are giving place to ones showing
a drop, now that supply is catching up more
closely to demand.
* * *
WEST VIRGINIA ONCE MORE IS UNUEE MARTIAL LAW.
This time the proclamation was brought about by
the actions of the striking miners in their endea­
vors to stop men from going into the mines and
starting them up again. Apparently the strikers
are few in number, as compared with the number
on strike earlier in the year, but they seem to
have kicked up enough of a muss to cause the
state considerable expense and the people of the
territory in which the trouble occuired, more than
a little annoyance. The probabilities are that.
unless the troops are kept on duty for some time,
there will be sporadic outbreaks in the disturbed
section.
* * *
THE COAL TRADE HAS MET WITH A DISTINCT LOSS
in the death of Mr. George B. Findley, who with
his young associate, Mr. John E. Collins, was killed
in the wreck near Philadelphia Nov. 28. Not only
does the trade in general suffer this loss, but it
falls with added severity on the company with
which he was connected in a managerial capacity,
as he was particularly active in the operation of
the company's plant and the organization of its
business.
* * *
LIVELY SCENES WERE EXACTED at the meeting of
the American Federation of Labor during the lat­
ter part of last month. It even came to a question
of fisticuffs, with delegates chasing the one who
started the trouble. The radical wing of the
federation failed to carry its point, and the admin­
istration was endorsed in every way by the dele­
gates.
* * *
COAL EXPORTERS ARE ANXIOUSLY AWAITING THE
OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION of the report that Great
Britain has stopped the exportation of coal from
her mines to other countries. Should the con­
firmation come, it will mean that American coal
will have markets hitherto closed to it, and will
mean that American operators will have an oppor
tunity to enter into and hold the leading place in
the coal industry of the world.
Christmas coke comes high, but not any higher
than Steel Prosperity warrants, says the Connells­
ville Courier. Therefore that is tbe reason pro­
ducers, with such pleasant prospects, had an extra
pound or two added to their Thanksgiving Turk.
* * *
Fisticuffs in the Federation of Labor convention
must have created not a little excitement. But the
debates apparently were almost as lively, so it
was but another form of working off surplus en­
ergy.
* * *
Workmen's compensation bill as now prepared
and to be sent to the Governor of Pennsylvania, is
worth looking over, especially by employers of
labor.
* * *
Great Britain stops the export of coal is the
latest news. It had to come, the supremacy of
American coal, and this is one step toward it.
* * *
Martial law once more reigns in West Virginia.
Wonder if the people down there are so fond of
it they can't do without it?
* * *
Watch for record breaking figures when the year
is over.

GEORGE B. FINDLEY MEETS UNTIMELY
DEATH IN RAILROAD ACCIDENT WHICH
ALSO COSTS LIFE OF JOHN E. COLLINS A
YOUNG BUSINESS ASSOCIATE.
Mr. G. B. Findley, the well known Pittsburgh
coal opeiator, met sudden death in the Pennsylvania
Railroad wreck at Glen Loch near Philadelphia,
Wednesday night, November 27th. Mr. John
E. Collins, Sales Manager of Mr. Findley's company,
was killed in the same accident. Mr. Findley
and Mr. Collins had been in the East on bustnets
and were returning home to be with theii
families on Thanksgiving Day.
By Mr. Findley's untimely death there is lost
a mcst admirable gentleman from the ranks or
MR. GEORGE HKITTOX FINDLEY.
the Pittsburgh coal producers. He was courtly,
courageous and extremely conscientious in all his
business and social affairs. His business was
prospering and he was just in his piime when this
premature death overtook him. He had an unassuming,
modest manner and a rare character
whose one hatred was unfair business methods.
The just man who met Mr. Findley in a business
way, ever after was his friend. Socially he was
a charming and lovable gentleman.
George Britton Findley was born in Freeport,
Pa., forty-six years ago. His education was
grounded in the public schools of Freeport and subsequently
he graduated from Westminster College,
New Wilmington, Pa. His business career has
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
been devoted almost entirely to the coal business.
With Messrs. W. A. Lewis and his son. B. W. Lewis,
he formed the Lewis-Findley Coal Co., operating
a fine tract in the Panhandle of West Virginia
where this company established the town of Colliers.
Recently this concern was reorganized as
the West Virginia-Pittsburgh Coal Co., with Mr.
W. A. Lewis as president, Mr. G. B. Findley as vice
president and general manager, and Mr. B. W.
Lewis as secretary and treasurer. Mr. E. M. Findley,
a brother, is the superintendent in charge of
the operations at Colliers.
Mr. Findley married Miss Belle Taylor of Freeport,
and she and three children survive him.
They are: Jean Findley, 16 years old, Bryson Findley,
14 years old, and Elma Findley, 10 years old.
Mr. Findley was a member of the Duquesne Club,
a thirty-second degree Mason and a Knight Templar.
Only during the past summer he and his
family moved to Pittsburgh from Freeport to take
up their residence in a beautiful new home they
had built at Squirrel Hill and Albemarle Avenues,
Squirrel Hill.
One saddening feature of Mr. Findley's death is
that Mrs. Findley has been in ill health for some
time and is prostrated by the shock. In the past
year, Mr. Findley made three trips abroad, combining
business with the recreation he needed. Hr
was accompanied on the?e trips by Mr. B. W. Lewi?,
who was perhaps his closest business associate and
friend in the past ten or twelve years.
Funeral services were held at the residence Saturday
morning, November 30th, and the remains
thereafter taken to Freeport for interment.
Mr. Collins, who met death at the same time with
Mr. Findley, was one of the rising young coal
men of Pittsburgh. He was only 26 years old and
had already made a splendid record as an aggressive
and successful sales manager. Previous to
his association with Mr. Findley's company, he was
with the Great Lakes Coal Co. Mr. Collins was
unmarried ancl lived with his parents, Mr. and Mrs.
W. W. Collins, 306 North Lang Avenue, in the
Homewood district of Pittsburgh.
The funeral took place from the Collins residence
Saturday afternoon. November 30.
Plans are being made to hold a state-wide first
aid to the injured contest in Lexington, Ky., in
May. 1913, at the annual meeting of the Kentucky
State Mining Institute. It is hoped to interest
every operator in the state and to have 100 or
more teams to compete. The program committee
is composed of H. D. Easton, chairman, State
University, Lexington, Ky.; Hywel Davies, president
of Kentucky Miners' Association, Louisville,
Ky., and W. L. Moss, vice president and general
manager of the Continental Coal Corporation.

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
AMERICAN MINING CONGRESS HOLDS
ANNUAL SESSION AT SPOKANE, WASH.
The American Mining Congress opened its fifteenth
annual convention at Spokane, Wash., Nov.
25, the opening day being devoted to the opening
preliminaries, addresses of welcome, registration,
etc., the evening session being given over to President
Taylor's annual address, and following that
to a reception to the president and officers by the
Spokane Chamber of Commerce.
(President Taylor's address will be found on
page 47 of this issue oi Tut: COAI. TRADE BULLE­
TIN—ED. )
The second day's sessions were devoted to dis­
cussions of reports of committees on Federal land
laws, federal aid to the mining industry and the
American Mining Congress in relation to feedral
scale.
Dr. J. A. Holmes, of the Federal Bureau of Mines,
entertainment committee in charge.
Nov. 29. the closing day of the convention, the re­
ports of the committees not. already heard were
presented, and the officers were elected.
The Thompson-Conneilsville Coke Co. is install­
ing a complete underground and overground tele­
phone system at its plants. 'Ihe system consists
of 29 telephones, two switchboards, 1,000 feet of
submarine cable, and 26 miles of wire. The work
will require from 60 to 70 days.
COURT DECIDES APPEAL
AGAINST COAL COMPANIES.
Judge John W. Reed of Jefferson county, sitting
in court at Greensburg, Pa., Nov. 16, decided an
appeal made by coal companies against tax valua­
tion against the companies and in favor of the
township of Westmoreland county.
Forty-three appeals were taken by coal com­
panies from assessments levied against their prop­
erty by the township supervisors for road pur­
poses. The companies asked for an abatement of
taxes on land where the coal had been mined.
The supervisors levied taxes at their regular meet­
ing in December, 1911, and the coal companies
took an appeal in May, 1912.
The cases were offered to Attorney E. P. Doran
as master. It was contended by the supervisors
legislation. Declaring that tbe loss of life in that the appeal had been taken too late and the
metal mines through accidents was greater than valuation upon wdiich the levy iiad been made was
in coal mines, the report of the committee on the proper one. The master decided in favor of
bureau of mines urged additional t esearch by the the supervisors.
Federal bureau for tlie protection of life in the An appeal was then taken to court. A test ^ase
metal mines. Tlie committee recommended re­ was made of the appeal cf the Pittsburgh Coal
search by the Federal bureau in connection with Co. against Rostraver township. The case was
the economical reduction of ores, especially with argued before Judge Reed an October IS. The
reference to electric smelting on a commercial court on Nov. 16 sustained the master and held
that the appeal was taken too late and that the
read an important paper at the evening session on
assessment was proper.
Another phase of the question came to the front
the work of the Bureau of Mines.
Nov. 25 when tlie county commissioners of West­
Nov. 27 was given over to a discussion of land moreland county, by the following resolution de­
policy and to federal management of public lands, cided the operators will not be obliged to pay
Alaska taking up the night, session.
taxes on property from which coal was mined
Nov. 2S was devoted to the question of Work­ during the current year:
men's Compensation laws, both here and abroad, "Whereas, the act of 1911 has changed the time
and the report of the committee having the for­ of the meeting of supervisors to the first Monday
mation of a proposed law was heard, after which of December of each year at which time they are
the bill was thoroughly discussed. It was one of required to levy their tax for the succeeding year
the important measures of the convention, and in­ on the preceding valuation, and,
volved not only the metal mines, but the coal mines "Whereas, the act of 1909 has given the own­
as well, the greater part of the committee having ers of coal a right to a reduction of the coal mined
this work in charge being engaged in the coal in­ out each year, therefore,
dustry. Late in the day the Hazard Relation or "Resohed, tnat each coal owner be reduced in
All Vocations to that, of the Mining Industry was valuation for the coal mined out during the year
discussed by Hyvvell Davies, Louisville, Ky. In 1912 if it be shown to the county commissioners
the evening an inspection of the new mining camp by satisfactory proof, in time to be certified to the
at Taylor's Gulch was the program, the Spokane supervisors of the respective
county."
townships of the
The commissioners also served notice on all
coal mining companies that the report of the coal
mined during 1912 had to be transmitted not later
than 12 o'clock, noon, November 27, in order that
the supervisors could give the coal concerns the
benefit of the law.
Active work on the extension of the Pennsyl­
vania railroad through Rices Landing to the Cru­
cible Coal Co. mines was started Nov. IS.

THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION
HEARS ARGUMENTS IN FREIGHT RATE
CASES.
The final hearing between the Coke Producers'
Association of the Connellsville region and thevarious
railroads touching that section ot the southwestern
Pennsylvania coke fields took place before
the Interstate Commerce Commission at Washington,
D. C, Nov. 25. The coke men are protesting
against a rate of $1.35 a ton from the Connellsville
field to the furnaces and mills of the
Youngstown (.OhioJ district. Each side presented
briefs to the commission before closing its case.
A decision affecting not only coke producers, but
of vital interest tc shippers of coal and iron ore
lrom Lake Erie ports to the Pittsburgh district is
expected early in January.
While the coke producers contended principal!}
for a lower rate to the Youngstown district. 20
rates on commodities from Connellsville to Philadelphia,
Baltimore and Philadelphia in the east,
and to Pittsburgh, Chicago, Buffalo and other
points in the west are involved.
Wade H. Ellis, former attorney general of Ohio,
appeared in behalf of the coke men. He attempted
to show discrimination on the part of railroads
against the Connellsville field and in favor of the
Fairmont (W. Va.) field. To refuse a reduction,
he considered, would be for the commission to reverse
the position it has taken in scores of cases
similar in character. Mr. Ellis contended that
from the Connellsville field to the Youngstown
district the railroads show a profit of 600 per cent.
In some cases, he declared, they received from 50
to 500 per cent, higher earnings per ton per train
mile than the average of earnings of all other commodities
on the same roads.
On seven grounds Mr. Ellis based his demand foi
a reduction. They were:
First, rates are unjust by comparison with
others. Second, unjust compared with coal rates.
Tnird, discriminatory as compared with other
coke rates. Fourth, unjust wdien compared to
coal rates to by-product ovens. Fifth, because
while facilities making cheaper movements have
increased, the coke rates have gone up instead
of down. Sixth, present rates are out of proportion
to the cost of service. Seventh, by agreement
among the defendants, the Connellsville region
has been discriminated against in favor of
competing districts.
Mr. Ellis called attention to the fact that the
discriminations have been admitted by the railroads
and that they have made no effort to remedy
them. He said the coke industry in the Fairmont
field of West Virginia was being built up at
the expense of the Connellsville producers, the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
rivals having an advantage of 20 cents per ton.
He asserted that the rates could not be justified
and laid down the proposition that it is no part
of a railroad company's business to take into eonsideiation
the value of a commodity transported
except as the value affects what may be called the
insuiance part, of the rate, that is the part imposed
on account of the risk of damage claims
arising.
Concluding Mr. Ellis said:
These rates have been shown to be in violation
of the interstate commerce act. The law passed
by Congress condemns the rates and power is given
this commission to correct them. After all, what
is sought here is the adjustment of inequalities.
It has been shown that these carriers make an unusual
profit. The law is clear, and it is to the
law that the shippeis look for relief. fs the action
of the commission to be stayed because to
reduce- these rates will reduce the revenues of the
carriers? That is the only tangible plea made
by the carriers. If it is, then tlie interstate commerce
act need never to have been passed. An
extortionate rate is reduced because it is unlawful,
because Congiess has provided that the excess
above a reasonable revenue shall not be received
by the carriers, that the companies shall lose it.
Previous to this the commission had, on Nov.
21, heard testimony m the action brought against
the Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh & Lake Erie and
other railroads and carriers to grant a lower rate
on ore between lake ports and tne .Mahoning and
Shenango valleys, principally given hy the representatives
of the railroads.
The suit is a part of the campaign against alleged
discriminatory rates on ore shipments from
the lake ports and on coal and coke from the
Pittsburgh and Connellsville fields to Lake Erie.
The Pittsburgh Steel Co. Nov. 20 asked the commission
to reduce from 96 cents a ton to not more
than 50 cents, the charge on ore from Ashtabula
harbor to its works at Monessen and Glassport,
Pa. The proceedings of Nov. 21 were to protest
against the 56 cents a ton rate from the lake to
valley points.
J. P. Orr, of Pittsburgh, assistant traffic manager
of the Pennsylvania Lines West, was the principal
witness. He denied, insofar as his road is
concerned, that the prevailing rate on ore gives
an undue preference to the United States Steel
Corporation and renders the independent manufacturers
unable to compete with their rival.
Mr. Orr declared that the present adjustment
of rates to the valleys is the result of years of
wrangling between the railroads and shippers and
to disturb them would disarrange a situation
which apparently is working weil because the
furnaces and mills are busy.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
OHIO PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
HEARS OF CAUSES OF CAR SHORTAGE.
The Ohio Public Service Commission on Nov. 15
held a hearing relative to the car shortage that
has existed all fall.
Representatives of the Baltimore & Ohio. Baltimore
& Ohio Southwestern, Hocking Valley, Toledo
& Ohio Central, Zanesville & Westein, Wheeling &
Lake Erie, C, H. & D., Lake Erie, Alliance & Wheeling
and D.. T. & I. railroads were present and submitted
a list of all coal cars on theii lines on Sept.
20, 1912, and to show the commission the movements
of every car for a period of 10 days subsequent
to that time.
The meeting lasted for more than three hours,
and it was shown that, while the shortage still
exists conditions are somewhat better.
The railroad representatives were practically
agreed that the principal cause of the difficulty
was the practice of their secondary lines holding
cars for their own use. They nave been willing
to pay the per diem of 35 cents a day, which is
to be increased to 45 cents after January 1, because
they have found it cheaper to rent cars than
to purchase new ones. Ohio roads say that the
worst offenders are the western roads that converge
in Chicago.
Toward the close of the hearing there appeared
to be a slight conflict of ideas between J. R. Kearney,
of Baltimore, superintendent of transportation
of the Baltimore & Ohio, and A. B. Starr, of
Pittsburgh, general superintendent of Freight
transportation of the Pennsylvania lines. Mr
Kearney advanced the idea that relief could be
obtained through application to the American Railway
Association under what is known as Rule No.
3 9 of the per diem rules. Under this section a
road which had offended by holding out cars for
its own use an undue length of time might be competed
to pay a minimum fine of $2 per day a car.
He said his road has served notice on 20 railroads
of its intention to invoke this rule, and since
its action had not been losing cars, although before
that time it was losing an average of 2,000
a week, which it was unable to recover.
Mr. Starr declared that his lines had been supplying
demands from all coal mines, and disagreed
with the proposition that the American Railway
Association can materially aid. Rule 10, he said,
is not effective as a means of preventing the holding
of cars. He declared it to be an absolute
failure. He said pointedly that sometimes all
the roads were offenders, and, while penalty might
be collected from the offending roads, the cost of
detection would be so large as to make the remedy
prohibitive.
He pointed out that a car earns an average of
$2.40 a day considering all times and "dead" cars,
while the cars actually in use earn an average of
$5 a day. From this fact he argued the inffectualness
of the penalty plan. He said:
"There is but one remedy—make those that have
not sufficient equipment build enough to handle
their business. If the Ohio commission can do
that it will win the thanks of all Ohio roads."
Representatives of the other roads offered testimony
practically along lilies similar to that ol"
the B. & C.
The commission has not yet announced any decision.
ARBITRATION BOARD DECIDES CEN­
TRAL PENNSYLVANIA WAGE DISPUTE.
The Arbitration Board of miners and operators
in the Central Pennsylvania field met at Clearfield
and rendered a decision on the vexed question of
the interpretation of the wage scale that has been
troubling the mining industry for the past six
months.
The board decided that the operators on the
net ton, who claimed that 37.23 cents was the
price for a net ton of machine loading should pay
37.32 cents up until the first of next April, and
then from April 1, 1913, to April 1, 1914, that they
should pay 37.50 cents to the miner.
This case was one of the most stubborn fought
cases that has ever come before the board and the
decision settles this case as both parties to the
controversy have agreed to abide by the decision
of the Arbitration Board.
MISSOURI HAS BEST YEAR IN
ITS COAL INDUSTRY'S HISTORY.
The report of Leon Bresson, state inspector ol
mines of Missouri, for the year ending June 30,
1912, shows that this was one or the most prosperous
years in the history of the state, the coal
production exceeding the year ending June 30,
1910, by 1,215,005 tons. There were 11.264 men
employed in the mines of the state, producing
6,350,396 tons of coal. There were 37 fatal accidents,
one for every 17,632 tons produced and one
for every 304 men employed.
The increase in tonnage is attributed to two
causes. The negotiating of a wage contract, and
an amicable agreement between the employer and
employes without any strike, and to the decrease
of fuel oil and natural gas.
Crawford county ranks first in point of coal
production, producing 3,818,750 tons, with 6,298
men employed. There were 25 fatal accidents in
this county. Cherokee county ranks second, producing
2,156,372 tons, with 3.403 men employed.
There were 10 fatal accidents in this county.

BUREAU OF MINES REPORT SHOW DECIDED
DECREASE IN FATAL MINE ACCIDENTS.
The Bureau of Mines has issued a statement of
the coal mine accidents in the United States for
the months of January to August of this year.
It was compiled by Frederick W. Horton, and is
based on monthly reports from every state having
a system of coal mine inspection, with the exception
of Kentucky. The mine inspectors and mining
departments of these states have reported a
total of 1,453 men killed in and about the coal
mines during the first eight months of 1912. In
January, 228 men lost their lives; in February,
196; in March, 351; in April, 73; in May, 141; in
June, 157; in July, 159; in August, 148. These
figures indicate that unless there are a number
of exceptional disasters during the remaining four
months of the year there will be a substantial decrease
in the total number of deaths in 1912 as
compared with those in 1911.
Tables giving tne statistics of accidents in the
coal mines of the country during 1910 and 1911
are appended in condensed form in ordei to place
the final figures for the past two years, as compiled
by this bureau, before the state mine inspectors
and the coal mine operators and workers without
delay incident to their publication in more detail.
For purposes of comparison w ith previous
years there is also presented a table giving fatality
rates for the last naif decade.
During the calendar year 1911 there were 2,719
men killed by accidents in and about the coal
mines of the United States as compared with 2,840
men killed in 1910, a decrease of 121 deaths. The
fatality rate for 1911 per 1,000 men employed in
and about the mines was 3.72 as compared with
3.92 in 1910, and the death rate per million short
tons of coal mined decreased from 5.66 in 1910 to
5.49 in 1911. The number of tons of coal mined
per death increased from 177,000 to 183,000. There
was. therefore, a distinct improvement in 1911
over the previous year, continuing the improvement
which has been made almost steadily since
1907, when the death rate per 1,000 men employed
reached a maximum of 4.88, due to a number of
exceptionally disastrous explosions.
That there has been a substantial decrease in
the fatality rates in the coal mining industry of
the United States in the last half decade is shown
by the statistics; and, as already stated, the indications
are that there wiil be a still further decrease
in the rates for 1912.
Regarding the monthly publication of statistics
of coal mine accidents, the director of the Bureau
of Mines expresses his appreciation of the hearty
co-operation and assistance already accorded by
the various state mine inspectors and state mining
departments, and hopes that with the aid of
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
their kindly criticisms and suggestions the
monthly reports may become of great value. The
tabular forms in which the statistics are published
must be regarded as tentative and subject
to revision. The Bureau of Mines will be glad
to receive suggestions from state inspectors ana
others as to the form in which the data can be presented
most effectively and as to how the publication
as a whole can be made most useful.
In these monthly publications it is not the purpose
of the Bureau of Mines to usurp in any way
the field covered by the annual or biennial reports
of the state mine inspectors or mining departments
but simply to issue promptly reports of the
number and causes of fatal accidents occurring
in the coal mines throughout the country and perhaps
to include short descriptions of the major
mine disasters. In the publication of such data
full credit will be given to each state mining department
and to each state mine inspector furnishing
figures. Furthermore, immediately on
publication a number of copies ot the monthl)
report will be sent to each state mining depanment
and state mine inspector for distribution as
desired.
RAILROADS MUST FURNISH MINES WITH
CARS IS DECISION OF KENTUCKY COURT.
Raihoad companies operating in Kentucky must
furnish sufficient cars to transport the coal from
coal mines in Kentucky, when it has been sold,
was the decision of the Court of Appeals of that
state in affirming the judgment of the Union Circuit
Court in the case of tne Illinois Central Railroad
Co. against the River & Rail Coal & Coke
Co. of Lnion County. The railroad company did
not furnish sufficient cars to the ccal and coke
company and damages were recovered, not on the
ground that the mining company had been discriminated
against, but that it had the right to
recover because the railroad company did not furnish
legal and adequate means for transporting th?
coal and is therefore amenable to damages.
The opinion was written by Judge Carroll and
defines the legal measure of dutj that a railroad
company owes to the operators of coal mines with
respect to furnishing cars for transporting coal
from the mines. The court is of the opinion that
the consuming public, and not the operator of the
mine is interested in a sufficiency of cars as a
scarcity of cars tends tc increase the price of coal.
Coal operators in the Indian Creey Valley, Fayette
county, Pa., have refused to obey the order
of the Mountain Water Supply Co. not to run the
sulphur water from the mines into the streams
from which the water company secures its supply,
and will fight the case in court.

.'30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PROPOSED WORKMENS COMPENSATION ACT FOR PENNSYLVANIA
I The Industrial Accidents Commission of Pennsylvania
lias completed the final draft of the Workmen's
Compensation Act and it will be submitted
to Gov. John K. fener. The original draft was
printed in Tin-: COAL TRADE BULLETIN June 15.
pages 25 to 31. The final draft differs from it as
follows:
Article I is entirely rewritten and reads:
ARTICLE I.
Damages by Action at Law.
Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., That in any action
brought to recover damages for personal injury
to an employee in the course of his employment,
or for death resulting from such injury, it shall
not be a defense.
(a) That the injury was caused in whole or in
part by the negligence of a fellow employee, or
(1)) That the employee had assumed the risk
of the injury, or
(c) That the injurj was caused in any degree
by the negligence ol such employee, unless it be
established that the injury was caused by such
employee's intoxication or by his reckless indifference
to danger. The burden of proving such intoxication
or reckless indifference to danger shall
be upon the defendant, and the question shall he
one of fact to be determined by the jury.
Section 2. The negligence of any employee acting
within the scope of his employment shall be
considered to be the negligence- of the employer,
and the employer shall be liable in like manner foi
the negligence of engineers, chauffeurs, miners.
mine-foremen, fire-bosses, mine superintendents,
plumbers, officers of vessels, and all other employees
licensed by the state or other governmental
authority, while acting within the scope of their
employment, if the employer is allowed by law the
right, of free selection of such employees from the
class of persons thus licensed.
Section 3. If an employer shall permit an employee
or contractor to hire or engage a laborer
or an assistant for the performance, upon premises
occupied by or under the
CONTROL OF THE EMPLOYER,
of a part of the regular business of the employer
entrusted tc such employee or contractor, the employei
shall be liable to such laborer or assistant
in the same manner and to the same extent as to
his own employee.
Section 4. No agreement, composition or l elease
of damages made before the happening of tny accident,
except the agreement defined in Article ii
of this act, shall be valid or shall bar a claim for
damages for the injury resulting therefrom, and
any such agreement, other than that defined in
Article II herein, is declared to be against the pub­
lic policy of this commonwealth. The leceipt or
benefits from any association, society ot fund to
which the employee shall have been a contributor.
shall not bar the recovery of damages by action at
law or the recovery of compensation under Article
II hereof.
Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Article II remain the
same, but Sections 5, 6, 7, S and 9, are changed
to read:
Section 5. The following schedule of compensation
is hereby established:
(a) For the first three hundred weeks of total
disability, fifty per centum of the wages received
at the time of injury, but the compensation shall
not be more than ten dollars per week or less than
five dollars per week; provided that, if at the time
ol injury the employee receives wages of less than
five dollars per week, then no shall receive the full
amount of such wages per week as compensation.
And after the first three hundred weeks of total
disability, for the remainder of the life of the employee,
forty per centum of the wages received
at the time of tiie injury, but the compensation
shall not be more than tight dollars per week or
less than four dollars per week; provided that if
at tlie time of the injury the employee receives
wages of less than four dollars per week, then he
shall receive the full amount of such wages as compensation:
and provided further that nothing ill
this clause of this section shall be construed to
require the payment of compensation after disability
shall cease.
(b) For disability partial in character (except
the particular cases mentioned in clause a), fifty
per centum of the
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE WAGES
received at the time of injury and the earning
power of the employee thereafter; but such compensation
shall not be more than ten dollars per
week. This compensation shall be paid during the
period of such partial disability; not, however,
beyond three hundred weeks.
(c) For partial permanent disability of the following
classes, the compensation shall be as follows:
For the loss of a hand, fifty per centum of wages
during one hundred and seventy-five weeks.
For the loss of an arm, fifty per centum of wages
during two hundred and fifteen weeks.
For the loss of a foot, fifty per centum of wages
during one hundred and fifty weeks.
For the loss of a leg, fifty per centum of wages
during two hundred and fifteen weeks.
For the loss of an eye, fifty per centum of wages
during one hundred ancl twenty-five weeks.
The loss of both hands or both arms, or both

feet, or both legs, or both eyes shall constitute total
disability, to be compensated according to the provisions
of clause (a).
Amputation between the elbow and the wrist
shall be considered as the equivalent of the loss
of a hand, and amputation between the knee and
ankle shall Le considered as the equivalent of the
loss of a foot. Amputation at or above the elbowshall
be considered as the loss of an arm, and amputation
at or above the knee shall be considered
as the loss of a leg. Permanent loss of tbe use
of a hand, arm, foot, leg or eye shall be considered
as the equivalent of the loss of such hand,
arm, foot, leg or 3ye.
This compensation shall not be more than ten
dollars per week or less than five dollars per week;
provided that, if at. the time of injury the employee
receives wages of less than five dollars per
week, then he shall receive the full amount of such
wages per week as compensation.
(d) Should the employee die as a result of the
injury, the period during which compensation
shall be payabie to his dependents under Section
6 of this Article shall be reduced by the period
during which compensation was paid to him in
his lifetime under this Section of this Article.
No reduction shall be made for the amount which
may have been paid for medical and hospital services
and medicines or for the expenses of the last
sickness and burial. Should
THE EMPLOYEE DIE
from some other causa than the injury, the liability
for compensation shall cease.
Section 6. In case of death, compensation shall
be computed on the following basis, and distributed
to the following persons:
1. To the child or children, if there be no widow
or widower, twenty-five per centum of wages of
deceased, with ten per centum additional for each
child in excess of two, with a maximum of sixty
per centum, to be paid to their guardian.
2. To the widow 01 widower, if there be no
children, twenty-five per centum of wages.
3. To the widow oi widower, il there be one
child, forty per centum of wages.
4. To the- widow or widower, if there be two
children, forty-five per centum of wages.
5. To the widow or widower, if there be three
children, fifty per centum of wages.
6. To the widcw or widower, if there be four
children, fifty-five per centum of wages.
7. To the widow or widower, if there be five
children or more, sixty per centum of wages.
8. If there be neither widow, widower nor children,
then to the father and mother, or the survivor
of them, if dependent to any extent upon
the employee for support at the time of his death,
twenty per centum of wages.
9. If there be neither widow, widower, chil­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
dren nor dependent parent, then to the brothers
and sisteis, if actually dependent tc any extent
upon the decedent for support at the time of his
death, fifteen per centum oi wages for one brother
or sister, and five per centum additional for each
additional brother o: sister, with a maximum of
twenty-five per centum; such compensation to be
paid to their guardian.
10. Whether or not there be dependents as
aforesaid, the reasonable expenses of last sickness
and burial, not exceeding one hundred dollars
(without deduction of any amounts theretofore
paid for compensation or for medical expenses),
payable to the dependent.-., or if there be no dependents
then to the personal representatives of
ihe deceased.
In computing compensation to children and to
brothers and sisters, only those under sixteen
years of age, or those over that age incapable of
self-support, shall be included, and only during
the period in which they aie under that age or
disability, alter which payment on account of such
person shall cease. In
COMPUTING COMPENSATION
to widows, only a widow living with the decedent
at the time of his death or who is then actually
dependent upon him fcr support shall be considered.
In computing compensation to widowers,
only those who are incapable of self-support at
the time of the death and who are dependent upon
ihe decedent for support shall be considered. The
terms "child" and "children" shall include stepchildren
and adopted children if members of dec
edent's household at the time of his death, and
shall include posthumous children. Should any
dependent of a deceased employee die, or should
the widow remarry, tie right of such dependent
or such widow to compensation tinder this section
of this article shall cease. Upon the death or
remarriage of a widow, the compensation to the
children shall be computed and paid as if they
were orphans.
The wages upon which death compensation shall
be based shall not in any case be taken to exceed
twenty dollars per week or to be less than ten
dollars per week. This compensation shall be
paid during three hundred weeks.
Section 7. Except as hereinafter provided, all
compensation payable under this article shall be
payable in neriodical installments, as the wages of
the employee were payable before the accident.
Wherever in this article the term "wages" is
used, it shall be construed to mean the money rate
at which the service rendered is recompensed under
the contract of hiring in force at the time of
the accident, and shall not include gratuities received
from the employer or others, nor shall it
include board, lodging or similar advantages received
from the employer, unless the money value

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of such advantages shall have been fixed by the
parties at the time of hiring. In occupations involving
seasonal employment or employments dependent
upon the weather, the employee's weekly
wages shall be considered to be one-fiftieth of the
total wages which he has earned from all occupations
during the year immediately preceding the
accident, unless it be shown that during such
year, by reason of exceptional causes, such method
of compensation does not ascertain fairly the earnings
of the employee, in wdiich case the period for
calculation shall be extended so far as to give a
basis for the fair ascertainment of his average
weekly earnings. In continuous employments, if
immediately prior to the accident
THE RATE OF WAGES
is fixed by the day or hour, or by the output of
the employee, his weekly wages shall be taken to
be five and one-half times his average earnings
at such rate for a working day of ordinary
length, excluding earnings from overtime and
using as the basis of calculation his earnings during
so much of the preceding six months as he
worked for the same employer. Where the employee
is working tinder concurrent contracts with
two or more employers, his wages from all employers
shall be considered as if earned from the
employer liable for compensation.
Section 8. Compensation under this article to
alien dependent widows, children and parents, net
residents of the United States, shall he the same
in amount as is provided in each case for residents,
except that, at any time within one year
after the death of the injured employee, the employer
may, at his option, commute all future instalments
of compensation to be paid to alien dependents
not residents of the United States hy paying
to such alien dependents two-tbircls of the total
amount of such future instalments of compensation.
Alien widowers, brothers and sisters not
residents of the United States shall not be entitled
to any compensation.
Section 9. No compensation shall be allowed for
the first fourteen days after disability begins, except
as hereinafter provided in this section, nor in
any case unless the employer has actual knowledge
of the injury or is notified within (he period
specified in Section 10 of this article.
During the first fourteen days after disability
begins, the employer shall furnish reasonable
medical and hospital services and medicines as
and when needed, not to exceed twenty-five dollars
in value, unless the employee refuses to allow them
to be furnished by the employer.
Section 10 of Article II is unchanged. Section
11 is changed and reads:
Section 11. The notice referred to in Section 10
hereof shall be substantially in the following form:
To (name of employer)
You are hereby notified that an injury of the
following character ( )
was received by (name of employee injured),
who was in ycur employment at (place) while
engaged as on or
about the ( ) day of ( ) A. D.
( ), and that compensation will be claimed
therefor.
Date: Signed ( : )
but no variation from this form shall be material
if the notice is sufficient to
ADVISE THE E.MPLOYEI!
that a certain employee, by name, received an in
jury, the character of wdiich is described in ordinary
language, in the course of his employment
on or about a time specified ancl at or near a place
specified.
A new section is inserted, numbered 12 and
reads:
Section 12. The notices referred to in Section
3 and Section 10 hereof may be served personally
upon the employer, or upon the manager or superintendent
in charge of the works or business in
which the accident occurred, or by sending them
through the registeren mail to the employer at his
last known residence or place of business, oi if
the employer be a corporation, either foreign or
domestic, then upon the president, vice president,
secretary or treasurer thereof. Knowledge of the
occurrence of the injury on the part of any of
said agents shall be the knowledge of the employer.
Sections 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 are changed to
Sections 13, 1-1, 15, 16 and 17, and the text is
changed to read:
Section 13. After an injury, the employee, if
so requested by his employer, must submit himself
for examination at some reasonable time and
place, and as often as may be reasonably requested,
to a physician or physicians legally authorized to
practice tinder the laws of such place, who shall
be selected ancl paid by the employer. If the employee
requests, he shall be entitled to have a
physician or physicians ot his own selection, to
be paid by him. present to participate in such
examination. For all examinations, after the
first, the employer shall pay the reasonable traveling
expenses and loss of wages incurred by the
employee in order to submit to such examination.
The refusal of the employee to submit to such examination
shall deprive him of the right to compensation
tinder this Article during the continuance
of such refusal. When a right to compensation
is thus suspended, no compensation shall be
payable for the period of suspension.
Section 14. In case of a failure to agree upon
a claim for compensation under this Article between
the employer and employee, or the dependents
of the employee, either party may submit

the claim, as to questions of fact, the nature and
effect of the injuries and the amount of compensation
due therefor according to this Article, to
the court of common pleas of the county in which
the accident occurred, or in the county in which
the adverse party resides or
HAS A PERMANENT PLACE
of business, or hy agreement of the parties to the
court of common pleas of any other county, which.
courts shall hear and determine such disputes in
a summary manner, and their decisions as to all
questions ot fact shail be conclusive and binding.
Section 15. In case of personal injury, all claims
for compensation shall be forever barred unless,
within one year after the accident, tbe parties
shall have agreed upon the compensation payable
under this Article, or unless, within one year after
the accident, one of the parties shall have filed a
petition as provided in Section 16 hereof. In
cases of death, all claims for compensation shall
be forever baned unless, within one year after the
death, the parties shall have agreed upon the compensation
under this Article, or unless within
one year after the death, one of the parties shall
have filed a petition as provided ir Section 16
hereof. Where, however, payments of compensation
have been made in any case, said limitation
shall not take effect until the expiration of one
year from the time of the making of the last payment.
Section 16. Procedure in case of dispute shall
be as follows:
Either party may present a petition to said court
or any judge thereof setting forth the names and
residences of the parties and the facts relating to
employment at the time of the accident, the extent
and character of the injury, the amount of wages
received at Ihe time of the accident, the knowledge
of the employer or notice of the occurrence of the
injury, and such other facts as may be necessary
and proper tor the- information of the said court,
and shall state the matter or matters in dispute
and the contention of the petitioner with reference
thereto. This petition shall be verified by
the oath or affirmation of the petitioner.
Upon the presentation of such petition, the same
shall be filed with the prothonotary of the court
of common pleas, and the court shall fix a time
and place for the hearing thereof not less than
three weeks after the date of the filing of said
petition. A copy of said petition and order shall
be served upon the adverse party as a summons
in a civil action may be served. Within seven
days after the service of such notice (unless the
time be extended by the court for cause shown),
the adverse party shall file an answer to said petition,
which shall admit or deny the substantial
averments thereof, and shall
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
STATE THE CONTENTION
ol the answering part;,- with reference to the masters
in dispute. The answer shall be verified in
like manner as the petition. If no answer be filed
as aforesaid, evidence shall be offered at the hearing
by the petitioner only. The court shall in
every case have authority to allow amendments
of the petition or answer, ancl to suspend the proceedings
during the refusal of the employee to
submit to the examination required by Section 13
hereof.
At the time fixed for heating or any adjournment
thereof, the said court or any judge thereof
shall hear the witnesses, and in a summary manner
decide the merits of the controversy. Thi.
decision, called an award, shall be in writing and
filed with the prothonotary ot the court of common
pleas, ancl shall contain a brief statement of
the facts as determined by said court. Costs may
be awarded ry said court in its discretion, and
when so awarded, the same- costs shall be allowed,
taxed and collected as are allowed, taxed and collected
for like services in the same court. After
petition filed, ihe court of common pleas may, in
its discretion, upon motion of either party, or
of its own motion, appoint one or more impartial
physicians or surgeons to examine the injuries of
the claimant and to repoit thereon to the court.
Said court shall have power to fix the compensation
of such physicians or surgeons, and to tax
the same as a part of the costs of the proceedings.
The report of any physicians or surgeons appointed
by the court as aforesaid shall be filed with the
prothonotary and shall be a part of the record
and shall be open to inspection by both parties.
Such report shall not be conclusive of the facts
therein stated, but shall be advisory only. Appeals
may be taken from the award of the court
of common pleas to the Supreme or Superior
Courts in such manner and upon such terms as
the Supreme- Court shall by rule prescribe, but
no appeal shall operate as a supersedeas unless
allowed by the trial or appellate court, except
where the compensation shall have been commuted
as provided in Section 17 of this Article. Cases
arising under this act shall nave precedence, both
in the courts of common pleas and in the appellate
courts, over all other civil cases.
Section 17. The compensation contemplated by
this Article may be commuted by said court of
common pleas, at its present value when discounted
at six per cent, simple interest, with annual
rests, disregarding the probability of the
beneficiary's death (except
IN COMPUTING PAY'MENTS
due under Clause (a) Section 5 of this Article),
upon application of either party, with due notice
to the other, if it appear that such commutation
will be for the best interest of the employee or

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the dependents of the deceased employee, or that
it will avoid undue expense or undue hardship
to either party, or that such employee or dependent
has removed or is about to remove from the
United States, or that the employer has sold or
otherwise disposed of the whole or the greater
part of his business or assets. Except as provided
in Section S hereof and in this Section, no
commutation of compensation shall be made.
An agreement or award of compensation may
be modified at any lime by a subsequent agreement,
or may be reviewed by said court upon the
application of either party on the ground that the
incapacity of the injured employee has subsequently
increased or diminished or that the status
of the dependent has changed. In such case, the
provision of Sections 13 ancl 16 of this Article
with reference to medical examination shall apply.
At any time after the entry of the award, a.
sum equal to all future installments of compensation
may, (where death or the nature of the injury
renders the amount of future payments certain)
by leave of court, be paid by the employer
to any savings bank, trust company or life insurance
company in good standing and authorized to
do business in this state and having an office in
the county in which the award was entered, and
such sum, together with all interest thereon, shall
thereafter be held in trust for the employee or the
dependents of the employee, who shall have no
further recourse against the employer. The payment
of such sun: by the employer, evidenced by
the receipt of thetrustee noted upon the prothonotary's
docket, shall operate as a satisfaction or
said award as to the employer. Payment from
said fund shall be made by the trustee in the same
amounts and at the same times as are herein required
of the employer until said fund and interest
shall be exhausted. in the appointment of the
trustee, preference shall be given, in the discretion
of the court, to the choice of the employee or the
dependents of the deceased employee.
Section 17 is changed to Section IS, but no
change is made in its wording. Sections 18 and
19 are changed to Sections 19 and 20 and read:
Section 19. Where the employer and the employee,
or the dependents of the employee, shall,
after any accident, agree upon the compensation
payable hereunder for such accident, a memorandum
of such agreement, signed by the parties.
may be filed with the prothonotary of said court
of common pleas. The
COSTS OF THE PROTHONOTARY
for such service shall be allowed, taxed and collected
as heretofore upon a confession of judgment.
When thus filed, such agreement shall have
the same effect as if it were an award of the court,
as provided in Section 16 hereof, but shall be subject
to review by the court for fraud, mistake or
other cause shown; provided, however, that nothing
in this Section shail be construed to permit
a commutation of payments, except as provided
in Sections 8 and 17 hereof; and provided further
that no agreement relating to compensation shall
be valid if made within fourteen days of the accident
nor shall any such agreement be valid if it
vary the percentage of wages payable as compensation
or the period during which compensation is
to be paid, as stated in Sections 5 and 6 hereof.
Section 20. If default shall be made by the employer
for thirty days after demand, in the payment
of any amount due under any of the provisions
of this Article, then upon petition of any
person interested, and after ten days' notice
thereof to the employer served in the same manner
in which a summons may be served, the court
or any judge thereof shall, if the default still
exists, enter judgment thereon for the amount or
amounts due, together with interest thereon and
costs. Upon such judgment, no stay of execution
shall be allowed, except in the discretion of the
court.
Another new section written is numbered 21,
and reads:
Section 21. It shall be the duty of the iirothonotary
of each court of common pleas to make
report monthly to the Bureau of Industrial Statistics
of all proceedings begun in such court under
this Article of this act, classifying such report
in such manner as to show whether the proceedings
are brought for the settlement of a dispute
as to liability for compensation, for a modification
thereof, for a commutation of payments, for
a judgment in default of payment, or tor fixing
of counsel fees; and such report shall state the
number ancl term of each proceeding, but neither
names nor further detail need be given unless required
by the Bureau of Industrial Statistics.
Section 20 is changed to Section 22. and reads:
Section 22. Where a third person is liable to
the employee or the dependents for the injury or
death, the employer shall be subrogated to the
right of the employee or the dependents against
such third person, but only to the extent of the
compensation payable under this Article by the
employer. Any recovery against such third person
in excess of the
COMPENSATION THEREFORE PAID
by the employer shall be paid forthwith to the
employee or to the dependents, and shall be treated
as an advance payment by the employer on account
of any future installments of compensation.
Sections 1, 2 and 3 of Article III are changed
to read:
ARTICLE 111.
General Provisions.
Section 1. Wherever in this act the singula'is
used, the plural shall be included; where the

masculine gender is used, the feminine and neuter
shall be included.
Employer is declared to be synonymous with
master and includes natural persons, partnerships,
joint stock companies, corporations for profit, corporations
not for profit, municipal corporations,
the commonwealth and all governmental agencies
created by it. Employee is synonymous with
servant, and includes all natural persons wdio perform
service for another for a valuable consideration,
exclusive of casual employments and exclusive
of persons to whom articles or materials are
given out to be made up, cleaned, washed, altered,
ornamented, finished or repaired or adapted for
sale in the worker's own home or on other premises
not under the control or management of the
employer.
The exercise and performance of the powers and
duties of a local or other public authority shall,
for the purposes of this act, be treated as the trade
or business of the authority.
Section 2. No claim or agreement for legal
services or disbursements pertaining to any demand
made or suit brought under the provisions
of any Article of this act shall be
AN ENFORCEABLE LIEN
against the amount to be paid as compensation
or be valid or inn ding in any other respect,
unless the same be approved in writing by the
judge presiding at the trial, or, in case of settlement
without trial, by a judge of the common
pleas court of the county in which the issue arose.
After such aprroval, if notice in writing be given
to the employer of such claim or agreement for
legal services and disbursements, the same shall
be a lien against any amount thereafter to be paid
as a compensation; Provided, however, that where
the employee's compensation is payable by the
employer in periodical instalments, the court shall
fix, at the time of approval, the proportion of each
instalment to be paid on account of legal services
and disbursements.
Section 3. If for any reason any paragraph
or any provision of this act shall be questioned
in any court, and shall have been held by such
court to be unconstitutional or invalid, the same
shall not be held to affect any other paragraph
or provision of this act, except that Articles I
and II are hereby declared to be inseparable and
as one legislative thought, and if either Articles
be declared by such court void or inoperative in
an essential part, so that the whole of such Article
must fall, the other Article shall fall with it and
not stand alone. The first, second and third
Sections of Article I of this act shall not apply
in cases v.here Article II becomes operative in accordance
with the provisions thereof, but shall
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
apply in all other cases and in such cases shall be
in extension of the common law.
Sections 4, 5 and 6 remain the same.
The Manor Real Estate & Trust Co., of Philedelphia,
has purchased 850 acres of coal in Blacklick
township, Cambria county, Pa., from f. N. Wissinger,
R. E. Thompson and Robert Ferguson, at
$125 per acre. It adjoins 9,000 acres recently
purchased by the same company.
The Ragon Coal Mining Co., Corry, Pa., A. B,
Ragon, president, has purchased 300 ovens of coal
from the Hamilton Coal Co., in Butler county, Pa.,
along with the going operation. The capacity is
to be increased.
W. H. Skaggs of Birmingham, Ala., has sold to
H. L. Bodham, of the same place, for the Bessemer
Coal, Iron & Land Co., 40,000 acres of coal in the
Blocton field of that state at a price said to be
$5,000,000.
Benjamin W. Carskaddon, of Philadelphia, has
purchased from the original owners 2,263 acres of
coal in Cambria township, Cambria county, Pa., for
$125 per acre and 379 acres of surface for $8,000.
E. E. Morris of Waynesburg, Pa., has sold a tract
of coal in Monongalia county, W. Va., consideration
$10,000. The purchasers of the coal are Dr. F. C.
Stahlman and others of Charleroi, Pa.
Mrs. Sarah B. Cocl i an of Uniontown, Pa., has
purchased 50C acres of coal at Dawson, Pa., for
$60,000. It is the property W. H. Cochran purchased
a few years ago.
Dr. John D. Bay of Craig, Col., has purchased
1,440 acres of coal at Azial, Col., for $70,000. The
vein of coal at one opening shows a depth of 24
feet.
George D. Thompson, of Brownsville, Pa., has
sold to Holmes A. Davis and J. H. Hillman of Pittsburgh
55 acres of coal near Brownsville for $60,000.
Daniel Saylor, of Jenner township, Somerset
county, Pa., has sold 207 acres of coal to the United
Coal Co., Pittsburgh, for $20,700.
Deposits of coal said to contain 85 per cent, of
fixed carbon and to resemble Pennsylvania anthracite
quite closely are under development on the
Queen Charlotte Islands. The Standard Coal Co.
and the British Pacific Coal Co. have recently began
operations there and expect to find a growing
market for their product when the Grand Trunk
Pacific railway is built through to the coast.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CHARLES L. WRIGHT OF THE GOVERNMENT
FUEL TESTING DIVISION TAKES CHARGE
OF NEW BRIQUETTING DEPARTMENT OF
THE ROBERTS AND SCHAEFER COMPANY
Messrs. Roberts and Schaefer Company, the well
known engineers and builders of Chicago, having
recently reorganized their coal briquetting department,
take pleasure in making tbe following announcement:
This department will henceforth be in charge
of Mr. Charles L. Wright wdio conies direct to
them from the fuel testing division of the Bureau
of Mines of the United States government. This
MR. CHARLES L. WRIGHT.
position with the government, as chief of the briquetting
division, has given Mr. Wiight very largeopportunities
for investigations into the briquetting
of coals and lignites ancl all his friends will
be delighted to leirn of his new connection, where
he will have still larger opportunities for usefulness
to the profession.
This company also announce the acquisition of
an operating plant where they are prepared to
make briquetting tests for prospecting clients.
They have also secured the exclusive United States
rights for the manufacture and sale of a briquetting
press of unusual merit.
These new arrangements, taken in connection
with this company's superior eugineering and construction
organization, place them in a position to
serve their numerous clients in this department
in the same satisfactory manner as heretofore
through their coal mining, coal washing and other
departments.
PROGRAM FOR MINING INSTITUTE.
The Kentucky Mining Institute will hold its
December meeting at the College of Mines and
Metallurgy, Slate University, Lexington, Ky.,
Dec. 9. The following program has been arranged:
Address of Welcome, Judge Henry S. Barker
Business Session.
Presentation of Paper: Forestry as Related to
Mining, .Mr. Frank D. Rash, President of the In
stitute; Vice President and Geneial Manager St.
Bernard .Alining Co.
Presentation of Paper: The American Mining
Congress. Mr. Hywell Davies, President of Mine
Owners' Association of Kentucky.
Presentation of Paper: Preparation of a Domestic
Coal, Mr. J. D. Rogers, Superintendent of Mines,
Consolidation Coal Co.
Presentation of Paper: The Successful Foreman
from Four Viewpoints, Mr. H. La Viers, Manager
North-East Coal Co.
Presentation of Paper: Hook Worm, Dr. J. W.
Pryor, State University of Kentucky.
Presentation of Paper: First, Aid Work, Mr.
W. L. Moss, Geneial Manager Continental Coal Corporation.
COLORADO'S OUTPUT SHOWS INCREASE.
Figures taken from a report prepared by Mrs.
A. R. Tibbets for James Dalrymple, state coal
mine inspector of Colorado, show that 745,941
more tons of coal were mined in Colorado during
the first nine months of 1912 than during the sameperiod
of 1911. A total of 7,700,813 tons was
mined from January 1 to October 1. 1912.
Every coal ccunty shows a healthy increase over
1911 except Delta, La Plata, Mesa and Pitkin. The
showing is the best and the increase the greatest
in the history of Colorado. The average number
of men employed was 13,562. Las Animas county
produced nearly half the total, or 3,522,535 tons.
The coal production of Chili is stated to have
been 1,158,660 tons for 1911, compared with 998,918
tons for 1910. Of this, shipping interests took
592,334 tons in 1911, against 480,425 in 1910.

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOF
CONSERVATIVES REMAIN
OFFICERS ARE
The annual convention of the American Federation
of Labor, which met in Rochester, N. Y., Nov.
11, and which continued in session the greater part
of the fortnight, was enlivened by some warm
debates and at one point by some fisticuffs. The
most notable happening of the convention was the
failure of the radical wing to gain control of the
convention on the question of industrial unionism
as against union autonomy as now obtains. The
same fight was carried into the election of officers
but it failed to win out and the old officers were
re-elected.
The convention opened with the reading ol the
reports of the credential committee, which showed
356 delegates entitled to seats. This was followed
by the reports of the officers.
The principal committee chairmanships assigned
by President Gompers and approved by the convention
were: Rules, T. A, Rickert; Laws, John B.
Lennon; Organization, James M. Lynch; Adjustment,
John Mitchell; Fedeiated bodies, H. B. Perliam;
Boycotts, D. A. Hayes.
The second day was given over to the report of
the executive council, which had much to say of
the McNamara cases and denounced William J.
Burns, the detective. At the third clay's sessions,
the time taken up by the Plumbers and Steam
Fitters case, the convention finally supporting
President Gompers' ruling that the International
Association of Steam, Hot Water and Power Pipefitters
and Helpers of America was not entitled to
representation in the convention, and that the
locals should affiliate with the United Association
of Journeymen Plumbers, Gasfitters and Steam
fitters' Helpers of America.
Nov. 14 was given over entirely to addresses,
the most important of wdiich were the greetings
from the fraternal delegates from Great Britain.
Congressman W. B. Wilson, of Pennsylvania, told
the convention what the labor members of Congress
had done ancl outlined the attitude of the members
on the limitation of the use of the injunction in
labor disputes.
Nov. 15 the Socialist delegates announced they
would fight the administration of President Gompers
and would have a candidate to oppose tiim
for the presidency. Nov. 16 no session was held,
the committee on resolutions spending the entire
day working on the resolution:.; submitted, over
150 in number.
Nov. 17 two big mass meetings were held, at
wdiich the leaders spoke. President Samuel Gompers.
Congressman William Wilson of Pennsyl-
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
CONVENTION LIVELY ONE BUT
IN CONTROL AND OLD
REELECTED
vania, Miss Maud Younger of San Francisco and
Miss Josephine Casey of Chicago were the speakers
at Convention Hall and Robert Smiilie. delegate
from Scotland, Frank Hayes of Indianapolis, and
Fred 0. Wheeler of Los Angeles spoke at a meeting
in Shubert Theater under the auspices of the
Socialist wing of the federation.
Referring to his arrest with John Mitchell and
Frank Morrison at Washington, Mr. Gompers said:
"I deny to any judge or any set of judges the
right to gag my mouth. If a judge by injunction
can stifle the mind and prevent free expression,
then the very essence of our liberty has been stolen.
Free speech and free press have ever been regarded
as inherent and natural rights. if daring
to express the conviction in my heart involves a
term of imprisonment, the sooner we know it the
better."
Nov. IS the fight over industrial unionism came
to the front, when tbe committee on education reported
on a resolution for the adoption of industrial
unionism. A majority of the committee
voted for its rejection and a minority report favored
industrial unionism where practicable and
where not practicable a close federation of trade
unions for unified action.
The resolution was introduced by John Mitchell,
Duncan McDonald, John P. White, Frank J. Hayes,
William Green and J. H. Walker of the United
Mine Workers of America.
The majority of the committee desired to substitute
for the resolution tbe autonomy declaration of
the Scranton convention in 1901, which favored retention
of the policy of recognizing ancl maintaining
craft or trade autonomy in so far as it was compatible
with modern organization of industry.
Nov. 19 a discussion of the Sherman anti-trust
law occupied the whole clay and the question of
urging its amendment was referred back to the
committee on President's report.
Nov. 20 the industrial unionism question came
up for consideration, and after a debate that lasted
all clay, the radical wing were defeated by a vote
of nearly two to one in their attempt to have the
federation adopt the policy of industrial unionism
in place of its policy of trade autonomy. Two
hundred and forty-nine delegates voted against the
minority report of the committee on education.
which favored the principle of industrial unionism,
and 142 voted in its favor.
The vote was the first test of strength between
the radical and conservative wings and the number
of votes polled hy the radicals was slightly under

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
their advance estimates. The vote of the United
Mine Workers (2,670), and the Western Federation
of Miners (506), was cast solidly for the minority
report. Other groups that iined up solidly with
the radical wing were the bakers and confectioners,
iron, steel and tinworkers, printing pressmen, railway
carmen and journey tailors. The debate preceding
the vote is said by veteran labor men to
have been one of the most spirited that ever took
place in a federation convention.
As a result of the adoption of the majority report,
the federation will continue, for a year at
least, to recognize the independent autonomy of
international and national unions affiliated with
it and wherever its policy ol trade autonomy
seems unsuited to the industry, it will introduce
the policy of industrial unionism.
Among the speakers who aavocated the adoption
of the minority report were John Mitchell, Frank
Hayes and Duncan McDonald of the United Mine
Workers, and Joseph D. Cannon of the Western
Federation of Miners.
Defenders of the federation's present policy were
President Gompers, Andrew Furuseth, president of
the Seaman's International Union; Henry D. Perham,
seventh vice president of the federation, and
Daniel J. Tobin, president of the International
Brotherhood of Teamsters and Chauffeurs.
Nov. 21 the convention, after a bitter debate, sustained
the report of President Gompers and commended
the non-political stand he and his advisers
have taken in the past.
Nov. 22 it was decided by a vote of 15,761 to
1,322, more than the two-thirds majority required,
to revoke the charter of the International Association
of Steam and Hot Water Fitters and Helpers,
delegates from wdiich were denied seats in the convention
the previous week.
The convention refused to act in the dispute between
factions of the International Brotherhood
of Electrical Workers and reaffirmed its decision
that only the faction affiliated wdth the federation
is legal.
Other resolutions adopted favor the initiative,
referendum and recall, including the recall of
judges; popular election of United States senators,
workingmen's compensation with the retention of
employers' liability, old age pensions and the repeal
or amendment of the Sherman anti-trust law
to prevent the prosecution of labor unions under
its provisions.
Nov. 23 the convention was thrown into tremendous
excitement when W. B. Haywood, leader ot
the Industrial Workers of the World, entered the
rear of the hall and assaulted J. Mahlon Barnes.
The assault was witnessed from the chair by President
Gompers. He startled the delegates by shouting:
"Men, 'Big Bill' Haywood has just assaulted
a delegate."
Every one of the 100 men in the convention
sprang for the door. Haywood fled from the building,
w ith the delegates at his heels. William
Coakley and James P. Holland of New York captured
Haywood in Lincoln Monument Square, oneblock
away and pummelled him severely before the
police effected his rescue. Haywood pleaded with
the police to take him anywhere except to Convention
Hall. He said his lite would be in danger if
he returned there.
Samuel Gompers was re-elected president of the
American Federation of Labor over Max Hayes,
of the International Typographical Union. The
vote was: Gompers, 11,974; Hayes, 5.074. All
other officers were re-elected.
Ihe- convention defeated the United Mine Workers'
resolution calling for future elections by a
referendum vote of the federation's 2,0000,000 members.
Seattle was chosen as the 1913 meeting place.
In the election the only contest other than that
for the presidency was over the third vice presidency.
James O'Connell, the incumbent, a member
of the machinists' union, defeated William H.
Johnston, president of the International Brotherhood
of Machinists, by 10,859 to 6,175.
Commenting on the convention the United Mine
Workers' Journal says, editorially:
"To a superficial observer it would appear that
no progress to speak of was made at the convention
of the American Federation of Labor, just
adjourned.
"It is true that the stand-pat element is still in
the majority, still controlled the legislation of the
convention. The gain made by the progressive
element can only be computed by the far greater
number of the delegates that favored advanced programs,
wdien compared to former conventions.
"It is surprising that with employers' associations
organized not only in industries but combined
to aid each other outside of their own particular
industry; with numbers of members of the
craft unions bitterly complaining because they had
to aid the defeat of their fellow workers in the
same industry though of a different craft, on account
of contracts that compelled them to continue
work even though their fellow workers were replaced
by strike-breakers, the majority of the delegates,
or representatives of the majority of the
workers affiliated, did not yet realize the necessity
of initiating an active campaign looking toward
organization by industries.
"These delegates evidently represented the average
opinions of the members of the unions that
sent them. The more progressive element cannot
go ahead very far until these others become convinced
of tbe necessity of adopting their ideas.
To educate them to that point we must say with
them: accept the verdict of the majority while we

continue our work of education. We may become
Impatient, disheartened by the inertia of the mass,
hut we cannot go far ahead of the mass. We can
only lead our fellow workers to the light, by staying
with them. We have the right on our side.
Grim necessity will continue to forward our programs.
The one fatal mistake we could make
world be to sever our relations with those who,
in time, will be forced to see the logic of our position.
In each convention the minority, representing
the real leaders, is becoming more formidable.
Let us stick with them until we become the majority."
' \\ NECROLOGICAL
Mr. John Richardson Fanshawe, who, until ten
years ago, when ill health caused his retirement,
served in various capacities with the Lehigh Valley
railroal and the Lehigh Valley Coal Co., up to the
capacity of secretary of the two corporations, died
at Plymouth Meeting, Montgomery county, Pa., recently.
Mr. Franklin Torrey, formerly U. S. consul at
Genoa, Italy, and father of Mrs. E. J. Berwind,
wife of Mr. E. J. Berwind, of the Berwind-White
Coal Mining Co., died at Florence, Italy, Nov. 17,
according to cablegrams received by friends on
that date.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
INTEREST GROWS IN KENTUCKY STATE
FIRST AID TO THE INJURED CONTEST
AT LEXINGTON.
Much interest is being shown throughout the
state of Kentucky in the coming First-aid-to-tha-
Injured contest to be held at the College of Mines
and Metallurgy, State University, in May, 1913.
The object of the contest is to stimulate a state :
wide interest in First-Aid work and this is the
first time this matter has been taken up in Kentucky
as a whole.
Mr. W. L. Moss, general manager of the Continental
Coal Corporation, Pineville, Ky., has been
very active in First-Aid work in his section and
there has been other local interest shown, so the
lime seems ripe for state-wide activity to be in­
augurated.
Mrs. Hannah Paull Stoneroad, widow of the late
The program committee has issued the follow­
Rev. Mr. Joel Stoneroad, died at her home 201 Iro^
ing circular letter in connection with the meeting:
quois Apartments, Pittsburgh, Nov. IS, aged 84
Lexington, Ky., Nov. 20, 1912.
years. She was the mother of Mr. J. T. M. Stone­
The Kentucky Mining Institute will hold a First
road of the Carnegie Coal Co., and besides him,
Aid Contest at Lexington next May, the annual
Is survived by one daughter, Miss M. B. Stoneroad.
meeting date having been changed from June to
Funeral services were held at her late home Nov.
May. The executive committee of the Institute
20, and interment was in Laurel Hill cemetery,
has left the date of this meeting in the hands of
Uniontown. The venerable lady had been in
the committee on program. The exact date of
splendid health up to the time of her death. She
the contest ancl all details will be announced later.
attended church downtown a few days before her
Much interest is being expressed in this under­
demise. She was stricken suddenly and the end
taking and it is meeting the hearty support not
came scon. She was a splendid, cultured lady
only of the Institute but of the mine inspectors
with a large circle of friends.
and the coal operators in general. The great bene­
Mr. Samuel Pursglove, aged 73 years, one of the fits to be had by companies entering teams, and
most prominent coal operators of Eastern Ohio, the general improvement of mining conditions over
died at St. Clairsville after an illness of harden­ the state well warrant the enthusiasm with which
ing of the arteries. Deceased was president and this movement is meeting on all sides. The suc­
PTinripal owner of the Pursglove Coal Co., with cess of this contest is assured from its very he-
mine near Maynard, and was aiso heavily interginning and present indications are that many
ested in the Big Five Coal Co., with mine at Stew- teams will participate.
artsville. The following children survive: David It is the desire of your committee to have as
and Samuel Jr., of St. Claiisville; Thomas, of many teams as possible and we, therefore, urge you
Bridgeport; Joseph, of Cleveland: Mrs. Hunt, of to give this subject your serious consideration and
Stewartsville; Mrs. John Leonard, of Brownsville, notify us at once.of your decision. The contest
Pa.; Mrs. Joseph Piersol. Bellaire, and Miss Anna, will be open to all companies in Kentucky wdiether
at home.
members of the Institute or not.
At the mid-year meeting of the Institute, to be
held in Lexington on Dec. 9, Mr. W. L. Moss will
talk on First Aid and this question will be open
for discussion. For this reason, especially, we
hope you will be preesnt at the December meeting.
H. D. EASTON, Chairman.
HYWEL DAVIES,
W. L. Moss,
Program Committee.
Ten new miners' houses at the Ligonier No. 2
mine of the Ligonier Coal Co. were completed the
first of the month and are being occupied by new
men whom the company is putting to work.
George P. Anderson & Sons were the contractors.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Chief Mining Inspector George Sylvester, ol
PERSONAL
&
Tennessee, has appointed Mr. H. H. Braden, of
Briceville, Tenn., as inspector of the Eastern divi­
Mr. Percy C. Madeira, of Madeira, Hill & Co., was
tendered a dinner at the Bellevue-Stratford, Philadelphia,
during the fortnight, on the 50th anniversary
of his birth. Seventy-five'of his friends were
present, including Messrs. James McCrea, retiring
sion of the state.
Mr. W. T. Thomas, first aid instructor of the Berwind-White
Coal Mining Co. at Windber, Pa„ is
ill at his home, and is suffering fiom pneumonia.
president of the Pennsylvania; W. W. Atterbtiry,
one of the vice presidents of the same road; Theodore
Voorhees, vice president of the Reading; W.
H. Truesdale, president of the Lackawanna; Henry
S. Drinker, of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co.;
Mr. Edward E. Slick has been appointed general
manager of the Cambria Steel Co., Johnstown, Pa.
Mr. H. W. McAteer has been named comptroller.
E. T. Stotesbury, head of Drexel & Co.; Effingham
B. Morris, president of the Girard Trust Co.; Samuel
T. Bodine, president of the United Gas Improvement
Co., and Joseph B. McC'all, president of the
Philadelphia Electric Co.
MINING ENGINEERS TEAM WINS CAMBRIA
STEEL COMPANY'S FIRST AID MEET.
The mining engineers of the Cambria Steel Co.
won the big first aid meet held by the company at
Johnstown, Pa., Nov. 23, before a crowd of anout
Mr. J. M. Fitzgerald has been elected president 600 persons. General Superintendent of the Coal
of the Western Maryland railroad, vice Mr. Alex­ Mining Department J. M. Cook awarded the silver
ander Robertson, resigned effective JaA. 1, 1913. loving cup to the engineers. The cup is to be
When Mr. Fitsgerald takes up the reins of the contested for annually or semi-annually by the
presidency of the Western Maryland he will be, departmental teams of Cambria.
perhaps, the youngest railroad president in the The average of the various teams follows: Min­
country. His rapid rise can be credited to his ing engineers, 99.2; Steel Department No. 1 team,
energy and hard work. Only four weeks ago he 9S.8; the Steel Department No. 2 team and Frank­
was eLcted to the vice pi asidency of the Western lin No. 2 teams were tied for third place with an
Maryland and placed in charge of the management average of 98.4; the No. 2 Rolling Mill mine team
of the property.
and the Franklin No. 1 teams were tied for fourth
place with an average of 98.2; Conemaugh shop
Hon. Henry Gassaway Davis, at the head of the
team No. 1 had an average of 97.6; the Mechanical
Davis Colliery Co., the Coal & Coke Railway and
Department team and the Gautier Steel Depart­
other important West Virginia industries, celement
team were tied for sixth place with an averbrated
his ninetieth birthday Nov. 16, at Washington,
D. C. Mr. Davis, who makes Washington his
age of 97. The No. 2 Rolling Mill mine team had.
winter residence, is probably the oldest citizen
an average of 95.8 for the five events.
of the United States taking an active part in pub­
The Cambria Steel Co. officials, among them
lic affairs.
Supeiintendent Cook and the representatives of the
United States Bureau of Mines, said that the work
of the teams was the best that they had ever seen.
Messrs. James Graham of the Johns-Manville
Co.. John Vance of the Anchor Packing Co., and
George Denny of the Garlock Packing Co., all of
Pittsburgh, have been calling on the coal operators
of the Latrobe-Greensburg field in the past
fortnight.
Effective November 26, Mr. Thomas H. Richardson
has been appointed manager of the Cincinnati
office of the Consolidation Coal Co., with headquarters
at 1204 Traction building, Cincinnati, vice Mr.
W. C. Rogers, resigned.
Mr. Isaac T. Mann, of Mercer county, W. Va.,
has entered the race for United States Senator.
Former Senator Davis Elkins and William S.
Edwards also have entered the race.
COAL EXPORTATIONS STOPPED.
Information comes that the exportation of coal
has been stopped by the government of Great
Britain, and that, until further orders, no coal
will be sent abroad from the mines of that country.
No reasons are assigned for this move, buL
rumor has it that the piesent political situation in
Europe and the possibility that war may involve
the British nation, is the reason for the movement.
Philadelphia KoKoals held a dinner and a koruskation
at the Hotel Roosevelt, Nov. 20, at which
Mr. S. C. Van Norman, sales agent of the Pitts­
Ihperial Pictor Charles E. Lester was present
burgh & Westmoreland Cal Co., at Buffalo, N. Y.,
will be married Dec. 21 to Miss Helen L. Huntoon, A KoKoal koruskation will be held at Washing­
of Chicago.
ton, D. C.j about the middle of the present month

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
WEST VIRGINIA STRIKE ZONE ONCE MORE UNDER MARTIAL LAW
Comparative quiet reigns in the Kanawha field
of West Virginia where Gov. Glasscock has been
compelled to declare martial law for the second
time within a few months. Troops control all
the territory, and the mines are working better
than at any time since the strike began.
Following the removal of the troops from the
strike zone of the Kanawha field, trouble broke out
on Cabin creek, Nov. 14, and a pitched battle occurred
between special officers of the Chesapeake
& Ohio railroad and a band of strikers. The
police were guarding a train containing 200 nonunion
men who were on their way to work in the
mines.
Nov. 15 two carloads of non-union men were
stopped at Cabin Creek Junction by strikers and
sent back to Charleston, and Gov. Glasscock at
once ordered a company of militia from Charleston
to the scene, and followed it by two more companies
from Huntington and one from Fayetteville.
Nov. 16 Gov. Glasscock again issued a proclamation
declaring martial law in the strike zone.
Adjt. General Charles D. Elliott is in charge of the
situation.
The territory covered by martial law takes in
Cabin creek from the Kanawha river to Leewood, a
distance of eight miles; Paint creek to Holly Grove,
a distance of two miles, and the river front from
Cabin creek to Paint creek, a distance of six miles.
The total territory included is about 35 square
miles. About 1,000 strikers remain in the field,
most of them living with their families in tents
furnished by the United Mine Workers of America.
Maj. John H. Charnerk, of Wellsburg, is detailed
in command of the battalion, while Maj. Thomas
B. Davis, of Huntington, is provost marshal. A
military court has been appointed, consisting of
Maj. James I. Pratt, Capt. Samuel L. Walker,
Capt. R. E. Sherwood, Capt. Charles R. Morgan,
Lieut. Alfred D. Roberts and Lieut. Col. George
S. Wallace, judge advocate.
Nov. 17 five persons, three of them women, stole
a handcar at Eskdale and proceeded to a point
outside the military district, from which they
opened fire toward Eskdale. All were arrested
by the militia and were sent before the military
court.
Nov. 18 four additional companies of troops were
sent into the strike zone and the same day strikers
fired upon the towns of Standard and Wacema.
Two more important arrests were made, the first
when Maj. James I. Pratt and Maj. Thomas Davis
captured J. H. Raines, after a foot race. Raines
has been one of the leaders in the attacks. He is
charged with intimidating workmen and obstruct­
ing a passenger train carrying mail. The other
arrest was Clyde Arnold, one of the men wdio was
alleged to have beaten into insensibility Fred Bobbitt,
bookkeeper for the Paint Creek Collieries Co.
Arnold was captured in Putnam county and placed
under guard at Pratt.
Nov. 19 J. H. Raines was placed on trial before
the military court. Charles Jeirell and Dan
Chain also were ti ied. The same day the Federal
Grand Jury met at Charleston and took up the
question of the strikers stopping mail trains.
Five years in the state penitentiary at Moundsville
is the penalty imposed upon Dan Chain for
the part he played in holding up a Chesapeake &
Ohio passenger train at Cabin Creek Junction in
the military district, Nov. 14. Chain was tried
by the military court at Pratt Nov. 19 and the
finding of the court was approved by Gov. Glasscock
Nov. 20.
Nov. 21 the town of High Coal where a new
mine had just started, was shot up by strikers,
but fortunately no one was injured. At Charleston,
Gov. Glasscock approved these sentences of the
military court: Joseph Raines five years for obstructing
a passenger train and intimidating workmen;
S. F. Nance the same sentence for having
interfered with an officer of the National Guard
while endeavoring to protect a man from a mob,
and Charles "Coon" Jarrell received two years,
having been found guilty of obstructing a train.
The prisoners were taken to the state penitentiary
in Moundsville, W. Va.
Nov. 22 Albert Russell, one of the men alleged
to have shot up High Coal, was captured by the
Militia. The same day the National Bituminous
Coal & Coke Co. signed the tollowing wage scale
with officials of the Miners' Union:
"It is agreed that all the old men shall have
first choice to return to work if they so desire,
one week to be given in which to make application
for work.
"It is agreed that 2,000 pounds shall constitute
a ton.
"It is agreed that there shall be recognition of
the miners' committee in the adjustment of disputes.
In case the committee and the mine foreman
or superintendent cannot agree the matter
of dispute shall be submitted to arbitration, tha
miners to select one, the company one. These
two are to select the third party and their decision
shall be final.
"It is agreed that the miners will be paid semimonthly.
There shall be a 10 per cent, advance in
wages, but it is understood that no part of it shall

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Exceed the scale now in effect in the Kanawha
River district proper.
"It is agreed that nine hours shall constitute
a day's work.
"This agreement is to be effective up to March
31, 1914.
"If the agreement with the other operators on
Cabin creek is made on a less basis then this agreement
shall be modified so as to place the National
Bituminous Coal & Coke Co. on the same basis."
The agreement was signed by H. Lyon Smith,
of Washington, secretary and treasurer of the National
Bituminous Ccal & Coke Co., and A. F. Lester,
president, and A. T. Lester, secretary of the
Eskdale (W. Va.) local union of the United Mine
Workers of America.
Nov. 2-1 two arrests were made at Dorothy by the
civil authorities in connection with the shooting
up of High Coal. The men arrested were William
Tompkins and Grover Jarreli and they were taken
into custody outside the martial law district.
Nov: 26 the military court tried four cases, those
of Barbara Johnson, charged with breaking a window
in a passenger coach with an umbrella in an
effort to Strike some one in the coach; Charles
Williams, for obstructing railroad property; Rock
Spinelle and Tony Stafford, Italians, for beating
a hegro who desired to work.
Ther number of companies of troops in the district
was 1 reduced to four Nov. 27, Company H, of
Huntington, being ordered home, and three other
companies departed a clay or two earlier.
Following the imposition of the sentences, an
effort was made by the leaders of the strikers to
have a conference with' the governor to arrive at
some method by which the severity of the sentences
could be alleviated. An announcement also
was made that an attempt would be made to attack
their validity in court.
-"'Tom Stacey, Walter Belk, E. W. Graupt, J. H.
Davidson, A. B. Smith and Martin Tinsley, mine
guards awaiting trial for alleged acts committed
during the strike, were granted a change of venue
to Greenbrier county Nov. 19.
In the case of Connellsville township, Fayette
county, Pa., against the H. C. Frick Coke Co., the
court at Uniontown, Nov. 19, directed the compafty
to pay road taxes amounting to the sum of
$1,503.05 and gave judgment to the plaintiff for
$79.11 with costs. The company claimed when it
was ready to pay the taxes before the discount had
expired, the township was without a collector.
Later, when Chardes Fuellgraf was appointed and
went-to collect the taxes, the company, it was alleged,
refused to pay the taxes unless discounted.
NEW TRAFFIC CONTRACT OF THE MONTOUR,
RAILROAD AND THE BESSEMER IMPORT-'
ANT TO PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY. l
A new traffic arrangement has been made by the
Montour Railroad, controlled by the Pittsburgh
Coal Co., and the Bessemer & Lake Erie railroad/
which will encourage the development of large
tracts of the company's coal in the Pittsburgh district.
The new tariffs have been filed at-Washington.
These provide for the Pittsburgh-Lake
Erie rate to be divided between the two roads.
The amount represented by the rate per ton per
mile from West Virginia to lower lake ports when :
applied to the mileage of the Bessemer goes to that
road and the balance to the Montour read.
On November 7, 1912, there was filed with the'
Interstate Commerce Commission, at Washington,"
a traffic contract between, the Montour Railroad
Co. and the Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Co.,
to become operative after the line of the former
has beje. extended from Ihe present terminus at
North Star to Mifflin Junction, the point of connection
with the Union raihoad, which in turn
connects with the Bessemer & Lake Erie railroad,
running to Lake Erie, having its port for in-shipments
of o> e and out-shipments of coal at Conneaut,
0. It is stated that the purpose of the'
extension of the Montour road is' to provide effective
disposition for the very large undeveloped
coal tonnage along and tributary to the line cf
such extension, partly owned hy the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. to the extent of about 100,000 acres.
Since all the lines of railways in the Pittsburgh,
district can be reached by this, road it will furnish^
to the section traversed for coal, other freight and
passengers, the, ad^ antage of all other railway
lines so connected with. The necessity for the
line is to make provision for the future tonnage
of the company to take the place of that now com-.
ing from present operations located on the differ-,
ent lines of railway to replace such tonnage as fast
as exhaustion is reached, and also to provide for
additional tonnage expected which the older operations
are not able to do in excess of present requirements
from them. A further advantage is
in lessening the expenditure for plant development
to the Pittsburgh Coal Co. by having each
new operation serve all the railways of the district
instead of more or smaller operations being
located on such lines as might build branches into
the field to be opened. The larger mine units and
the advantage of common car supply to draw from,
outside of absolute necessity for maintenance of,
the tonnage of the company, it is stated, are .the,
economic factors that are promoting the expend!-.
ture involved.
The question of the Lake freight rate on,
coal tonnage is not the special consideration

of the contract, as the present status of such
rate in connection with the rates from other districts,
as determined by the late decision of the
Interstate Commerce Commission, is recognized
as in effect and continuing until revised by that
authority. The opening of this large virgin field
by the Pittsburgh Coal Co. and the opportunities
offered to other owners of like property to be directly
reached by the extension of the Montour
road and by its branches will meet the demands
for expected increase in the coal tonnage from the
Pittsburgh distiict for a long period in the future.
While the contract has no date for going into
operation and no contracts have been let for actual
construction, yet it is stated that the necessity
for providing for tonnage maintenance on the
part of the Pittsburgh Coa! Co. is such that active
work on the line will not long be deferred.
THE UNITED COAL COMPANY IN SPLENDID
NEW QUARTERS—OPENING THREE NEW
MINES.
The large new general offices of the United Coal
Co. in the First National Bank building, Pittsburgh,
were opened last month. The headquarters
have been transferred from the former location
in the Bank for Savings building. The new
offices, are much larger than the space occupied
in the Bank for Savings building and serve as an
indication of the rapid growth of the company
since its organization in 1902. At that time it
occupied three small 100ms in the Bank for Savings
building, while it now has one entire floor
in one of Pittsburgh's largest office buildings. It
has grown rapidly and is now one of the largest
bituminous mining and marketing organizations
in the country.
The company's mines and those of its subsidiaries
are as follows: Ella, Patterson, Naomi, Tunnelton,
Rich Hill, Edna No. 1, Edna No. 2, Three
Forks field, Jerome, Orenda, Elk Lick.
The total area of coal is about 35,000 acres and
the total daily capacity of the mines, including
the capacity of three new openings now beingmade,
is about 25,000 tons. Thiough the ownership
of 1,000 steel cars, 150 river barges and other
transportation equipments, the company is reasonably
assured of freight facilities at all times.
Consul General John H. Snodgrass, Moscow,
Russia, under date of Nov. 12 reports that the
Russian government has not sufficient coal on
hand and the Ministry of Ways at St. Petersburg
has been authorized to import 40,000,000 poods
(pood=36,112 pounds). Following this information
tenders from American producers are invited.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
PREPARATIONS BEING MADE FOR
BIG ADVERTISING CONVENTION.
The first world-wide convention in the interest
of advertising will be held in Baltimore, June 8 to
13, 1913. It will be the ninth annual convention
of the Associated Advertising Clubs of America,
with international affiliations.
A special invitation to attend this convention
has been extended by the Advertising club of Baltimore
through the consular service of the Department
of State, which is co-operating with the Baltimore
organization, to advertising clubs, commercial
bodies, newspapers, trade publications,
magazines, business concerns and agencies in all
countries.
The governor of Maryland has granted the use
of tlie great armory building of the Fifth Regiment
Maryland National Guard.
President Edward J. Shay, of the Advertising
club of Baltimore, has returned recently from a
missionary trip abroad, having visited the larger
cities in 18 countries, and in which he extended
to advertising organizations, publishers, agencies
and commercial bodies a personal invitation to
attend this convention.
The German Association of Publicity Specialists
has arranged to send a special commission to
this convention to study American methods of advertising
and to get in personal touch with representative
business men interested in advertising
attending from other nations. The Thirty club
of London will be represented by a strong delegation.
Organizations in Italy, France and Spain
have also engaged to send delegations, and most
of the countries of Latin America are expected to
be well represented.
One of the interesting and instructive features
of the convention will be the Exhibit of Advertising,
covering upwards of 30,000 square feet of
wall space and a corresponding amount of floor
space. Included in this exhibit will be displays
of advertising as employed by business concerns
in different countries. Already elaborate exhibits
have been promised from Germany, Russia, France,
Belgium ancl Italy. There will be shown not
fewer than three national campaigns of advertisers
of the United States, exemplifying their
various forms of publicity.
This exhibit will line both sides of the great
Armory hall. Space in the exhibit of advertising
will not be for sale, the examples of advertising
in different lines being chosen for the educational
value of each.
While the Baltimore convention is to be devoted
more largely to constructive and educational worl;
than any preceding national meeting of this organization,
the matter of entertainment will not
be overlooked. Baltimore will endeavor to main-

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tain its traditional reputation for hospitality. The
Advertising cdub of Washington, D. C, proposes to
entertain the delegates and visitors in the Capital
City one day alter the convention adjourns. The
Advertising club of Richmond, Va., is considering
the expediency ol' having the delegates visit thai
city also.
"On-to-Baltimore" committees are being formed
in a great many clubs. The members of these pay
lo the treasurer of the club a given sum each
week, so that by the first of June a sufficient fund
wdll have been created to defray all the expensts
of the trip to the convention.
ALABAMA COAL OPERATORS
ISSUE SAFETY BULLETIN.
Ihe Alabama Coal Operators' Association has
issued a bulletin on Safety and sent it to every
mine in the state. The pamphlet issued says in
part:
"It is well to remember that the air entering
mines (common ordinary atmosphere, the breath
of life) at this time in the year is one of the
greatest sources of danger in a dust bearing c-oal
mine.
"The superintendent and mine foreman may
figure that it will take two months of winter to
dry out the mine and make it dangerous from dust,
and that the steam jets, sprays, atomizers and
water lines can wait a few weeks longer until
rush orders slack up a bit. He'll put them in
next week, but next week never comes. Dust
explosions do come, and terrible is the visitation.
"The air going into your mine is thirsty,
and every revolution of your mine fan is drying
out the dust, unless the necessary moisture is
artificially supplied.
"The air current of the average size mine (in
this district) carries out of the mine daily from
8,000 to 12,000 gallons of water, moisture, and it
does not take long at that rate to dry out an enormous
area of dust laden territory.
"And then remember what a small amount of
dry coal dust wdll propagate a tornado of fire.
leaving death and destruction in its wake.
"The nearest place to the intake dries out first,
and the drouth creeps onward with surprising
celerity until the incoming air has gathered its
maximum relative saturation to tiie temperature
of the mine, and so on until the uttermost recess
of the mine is a veritable 'powder house,' unless
the natural yield oi' water in tbe mine sooner
supplies the necessary humidity.
"In order to insure proper and necessary precipitation,
the temperature of the intake air
should be at all times or at least during the night.
5 degrees higher than the temperature of the return
air, and the humidity should be, if possible,
greater on the intake than on the return. The
intake air should have at least 90 per cent, saturation.
This will necessitate warming and humidifying
the intake air in winter, and simply
humidifying the intake air in summer. (Cooling
in summer may be desirable, but should not reduce
the temperature below the limit above prescribed).
"The best method of heating and humidifying
the intake air in winter is by projecting into the
intake air small jets id' steam or warm water.
Steam is cheaper and more efficacious. Ordinarily,
the exhaust from the fan engine is sufficient,
however, when it is very cold, steam from th"
boilers may be necessary. Only experience at the
particular place can govern.
"A fairly good and economical heater and humidifier
can be arranged by installing a line ol
pipe along each side of the intake about opposite
the center of the coal seam. In order that the
pipe may he afterward used for other purposes
the jet vents can be bored in the couplings, say
three one-sixteenth inch holes to each joint. The
first vents or jets should be placed at least 75
or 100 feet inside the mine and the pipe lines
should extend as much further as is necessary to
give the required results, remembering always
that tbe first jets do most of the warming and
the others the humidifying. These jets should
be received on small pieces of sheet iron and directed
so as not to strike persons in passing. The
pipe should also be safeguarded so as to prevent
persons getting burned in passing. Valves should
be placed so as to regulate amount of steam used,
and also at intervals along the line so that as
much of the end of the line may be cut off as desired.
The vents can be plugged with wood or
re-opened as desired. Experience- will teach how
to regulate the amount 'if steam required."
The North End Coal Co., Scranton, Pa., through
its counsel. James H. Torrey ancl M. J. Martin.
has filed 150 exceptions to the opinion of Judge
H. M. Edwards of the Lackawanna county court.
ordering that company to forfeit its coal leases
and pay $46,528.59 damages to the Delaware, Lackawanna
& Western Co. In tbe event of the court
overruling the exceptions ancl entering a final decree,
the case will be carried to the Supreme court.
Judge Cushnian at Tacoma, Wash., Nov. 19, in
the Federal court, sentenced John H. Bullock ancl
Charles H. Houston, convicted of conspiracy to defraud
the government, to serve one year each in
the King county jail and to pay $2,000 fine. Houston
and Bullock conspired to defraud the government
in obtaining contracts for supplying coal tc
Alaska army posts.

VAST COAL RESERVE.
The known coal fields of the United States embrace
a total area, according to the United States
Geological Survey, of 310.296 square miles, to
which may be added something over 160,000 square
miles of which little is known, but which may contain
workable coals, and about 32,000 square miles
where the coal lies untler heavy cover and is not
considered available under present conditions. The
supply of coal before mining began is estimated
to have been 3,076,204,000,000 short tons, of wdiich
1,922,979,000.000 tons were considered to be easily
accessible and 1,153,225,000,000 short tons to beeither
so deeji or the- beds so thin that they are
accessible only with difficulty. Classified according
to the character of the coal, the original supply
consisted of 21,000,000,000 short tons of anthracite,
1,661,457,000,000 tons of bituminous coal,
650,157,000,000 tons of sub-bituminous coal, and
743,590,000,000 tons of lignite, the supply of bituminous
coal being something more than what that
of all other grades combined.
The total production of coal to the close of 1911
has amounted to 2,270,798,737 short tons of anthracite
and 6,468,773,690 tons of bituminous coal, or
an aggregate of 8,739,572,427 tons. This total
production to the close of 1911 represents, including
the waste of coal in mining, and exhaustion
of the beds equal to 14,181.980,000 short tons, or
somewhat less than 0.5 per cent, of the original
supply. In other words, the quantity of coal still
remaining to be mined amounts to 3,062,022,020,000
short tons, or a little more than 99.5 per cent, of
the original supply. The annual rate of exhaustion
at the present time as represented by the production
in 1910 and 1911 is 0.025 per cent, of the
supply. The quantity of coal still in the ground
at the close of 1910 was 3 000 times the production
of that year, or, estimating a half ton of coal lost
for every ton recovered, the supply is equivalent
to 4,000 times the present annual rate of exhaustion.
The Blubaker Coal Co.. James A. McClain. treasurer,
Spangler, Pa., will receive bids up to Dec. 10,
for the construction of two shafts, each 12 by 24
feet, lined with concrete, one to be 100 feet deep,
the other SO feet deep, and the concrete lining of
each to be 2 inches thick, reinforced.
Twenty more coke ovens have been fired by the
Loyalhanna Coal & Coke Co., near Latrobe, Pa.
This makes a total of 80 ovens in blast at a plant
that has been idle for some time.
A number of anthracite operators have asked
their miners to work three hours longer per day
during the winter months to meet the demand for
coal.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 46
g IN THE WAY OF CONDIMENT jfl
An Italian organ grinder possessed a monkey
which he "worked" through the summer months.
When the cool days of tali came his business fell
off, and he discontinued his walks ancl his melodies.
An Irishman of bis acquaintance offered
him 10 cents a day for the privilege ot keeping
and feeding the little befst. The bargain was
made for a month. Great curiosity filled the
mind of the Italian, and at last, unable to restrain
himself, he went ostensibly to see his pet, but
really to find what possible use Pat could make
of a monkey. The liishman was frank. "It is
loike this," he said: "Oi put a pole in me back
yard, wdth the monk on tire top. Tin or twelve
trains of cars loaded with coa! go hy every evenin'.
There's thramps on every car. Every wan takes
a heave at the monk. Divil a wan has hit him,
but Oi have seventeen tons of coal."
Mary had a little calf. 'Twas clad in silk, you
know. And everywhere that Mary went the calf
was sure to show.
One of the flesh less fraternity telephones us that
he engaged a German cook lady not long ago. His
wife liked tlie appearance of the applicant; her
references were good, and Hie wages she demanded
not exorbitant.
"I'd like to have you come," said the lady of the
house, "but perhaps you won't want to live with
us. We are vegetarians and never have any meat
in the house. Would you be satisfied wdth a vegetable
diet?"
The fraulein scratched her head.
"Veil," she said, dubiously, "iss beer a wegetable?"
He (as his wife hastens to catch a car and is
putting on her gloves)—That's it; always late!
And why can't you dress in the house? I would
just as soon see a woman put on her stockings as
her gloves.
She—So would any other man.
Bulletin No. 12, Geological Survey of Alabama,
has just been issued. It publishes "Statistics of
the Mineral Production of Alabama for 1910," and
is compiled from "Mineral Resources of the United
States."
Mr. J. Curtis Keith, secretary of the Knox Coal
Mining Co., Bicknell, lnd., was killed recently by
a fall from the window of his office. He was aged
35 and leaves a widow and three children.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
C. E. Houston and John H. Bulloc were found
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS • guilty recently at Tacoma, Wash., of conspiracy to
~L*L, ^^^ „~~„—„„~~ .^~ „^~~, \±L. defraud the government on coal contracts in
Leschen's Hercules for November is just out and Alaska.
as usual is handsomely illustrated with scenes of
industries where Leschen's lopes are in use or
The Altoona Coal & Coke Co., Altoona, Pa., is
have played a prominent part in the construction repairing and will put in blast 100 coke ovens at
of the physical property of the company. Two or Baker's Mines, Pa.
the special articles tell of an aerial tramway of the Work on the new coke oven pan of the Cascade
Cruz del Aire Mining Co. and of the construction Coal & Coke Co., at Sykesville, Pa., was started
of the Florida East Coast railway. Other good
Nov. 18.
things are to be found in the magazine.
Fred J. .lourdon of Evansville, lnd., has applied
for a receiver for the Banner Coal Co. of Evansville.
In the auditorium of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre
Coal Co. at Wiikes-Barre, Fa., Nov. 15, the resuscitation
commission of the National Medical Association
ancl the State Bureau of Mines held the
first of a series of meetings. The commission is
covering the anthracite ancl bituminous coal fields
in an effort to arrive at the best methods of resuscitation
undei ail conditions.
The steamship Berwindmoor, owned by the Berwind-White
Coal Mining Co., Nov. 16, left the port
of Philadelphia with a cargo of 8,170 tons of coal
for Havana, Cuba. It was one of the largest cargoes
ever taken out of Philadelphia.
The Stineman Coal Mining Co. of South Fork,
Pa., through a compromise received a verdict in
the Clearfield county, Pa., courts for $12,500 against
the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for discrimination
:n the distribution of railroad cars.
The Forbes mine, the largest producing property
of the Chicosa Fuel Co., located IS miles north ot
Trinidad, Col., has been purchased by the Rocky
Mountain Fuel Co. for $150,0U0.
For account of whom it may concern John M.
Askin & Co., Pittsburgh, have sold at auction
bonds of the Great Lakes Coal Co., amounting to
$90,000. par value, for $50,155.
Congressman Slemp, of Virginia, recently inspected
some coal land he owns in Letcher county,
Ky., and it is reported he contemplates early development
of the property.
The Standard Queniahoning Coal Co. has opened
another mine at Jenner's, Pa., this being the second
mine the company has in operation on its property.
The Clearview Coal Co. of Philadelphia filed notice
of increase of its stock from $10,000 to $100,-
00 nd of debt to extent of $200,000.
property of the Webster County Coal Co.,
Ience, Ky., has been taken over by Douglass
•kman, at a price of $100,000.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, by Joseph M. Nesbit,
Patent Attorney, Park Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
from whom printed copies may be procured for 15
cents each:
Coal drilling machine, E. L. Burton, Thealka,
Ky.; 1,014,013.
Regenerative coke oven. Arthur Gohmann, Stettin,
Germany; 1,041.457.
Brake mechanism for tipples, J. J. Ross, Fairmont,
W. Va.; 1,042,038.
Machine for mining coal, L. G. Williams. Hopkinsville,
Ky.; 1,043,183.
Mine car brake, D. W. Anderson ancl W. M.
Boyce, Clearfield, ancl F. W. Hollopeter, Glenhope,
Pa.; 1,043,49S.
Railing or guard for pit cages. H. R. Bowers,
Herminie, Pa.: 1,044,982.
The Antiquity of Coal.
It is thought that the earliest reference to coa:
is that found in the writings of Aristotle and of
Theophrastus, who lived, about 238 B. C.
There is evidence that coal was used in England
as early as the year S52. According to Bishop
Pudscy, Escomb and Bishopwearmouth were two
of the earliest coal mining settlements. Newcastle
coal appears to have come into notice about
the year 1234, when Henry III. granted the inhabitants
a charier authorizing them to mine for it.
The Chinese knew of and used coal in the thirteenth
century. The earliest reference to coal in
Belgium is assigned to the year 1198, when a
blacksmith at Liege is said to have been the first
in the kingdom to employ it as fuel.
Paris received its first coal from Newcastle in
1520. In Scotland coal was worked as early as the
twelfth century. , ' •

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
ADDRESS OF MR. S. A. TAYLOR, PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN MINING
CONGRESS, SPOKANE, WASHINGTON, NOVEMBER 25-29, 1912
The main purpose of my address shall be the
placing before the Mining Congress some of the
problems and conditions which exist in the mining
industry to-day, to find if possible a solution for
some of them.
In the consideration of these things we will endeavor
to ascertain what bearing the American
Mining Congress has upon them. It is stated
and generally taught by scientific men that the
human body changes all of its paits every seven
years. If this be true, the Mining Congress as
an organization has during the period of its past
existence passsd through two such periods, and
is now starting upon a, new cycle of existence.
The question which naturally arises at this juncture
is whether the work of the congress has been
completed, or it there is still a work for it to
perform, how if can best be accomplished.
It seems peitir.ent at this point to stop long
enough to review somewhat the incidents leading
up to tne organization of the American Mining
Congress, and to ascertain whether or not there
are still existing any such conditions or problems
that can best be dealt with through such a national
organization as this body. If it is shown that
the congress has completed its work, then it should
cease to exist. If, on the other hand, it be shown
that there is still a demand for such an organization
as the American Mining Congress, the next
question, of course, will be as to whether as it is
now organized,
IT IS PROPERLY' EQUIPPED
for doing the work and solving the problems presented
to it in the most effective way.
The statement has been made in the call for
this meeting that (The American Mining Congress
as it now exists is a practical organization, devoting
itself lo the economic, administrative and
commercial, of what might be termed Mining
Politics, rather than to the technical phases of
mining.
Its annua! conventions are held for the purpose
of keeping in closer touch with the needs of the
mining industry. They provide an open forum for
full discussion of the more important subjects
through which all persons who have plans for the
betterment of mining conditions can be heard, and
through which the organization can be directed in
the channels of most effective effort.)
With this statement as a basis let us consider
the conditions more in detail, I am not familiar
wdth the early history of the congress except as
to this feature, that there were so many problems
especially connected wdth the precious metal
mining of the western section of the United State?
that called for solution, or at least needed to be
brought to the attention ot the public, in such a
way that they might help remedy the difficulties,
that it was deemed wise by those who were in
touch wdth the situation to call a national conference
of mining men. This it seems by the records
was done in a temporary meeting held July 1, 1S9S,
in Denver, Colorado. At this meeting a permanent
organization was formed. The second meeting
was held in Salt Lake City, Utah, in July, 1898.
The third
SESSIOX WAS CONVENED
at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in July, 1S99, but adjourned
to meet in June, 1900. at tbe same place.
The fourth session was convened in July, 1901, in
Boise, Idaho, and the fifth session convened in
September, 1902, in Btrtte, Montana. The sixth
session was held in September, 1903, at Deadwood
ancl Lead, South Dakota.
Up to this time a great many mining problems
came before the convention for consideration, but
as before stated they had all practically to do with
matters pertaining to precious metal mining alone,
and at this stage in the history of the organization
so diversified were the interests that it seemed
almost impossible to coalesce or bring them together,
on any common ground. The Mining
Congress was at this point threatened wdth disruption,
ancl only by the superb executive ability
of Judge J. H. Richards, who was then elected
president, was it brought through this crisis, and
made the effective agency which it has become fcr
carrying on the work connected with mining.
Judge Richards served as the president for seven
consecutive years from 1903 tc 1909, during which
time the congress met at Portland, Oregon, El
Paso, Texas Denver, Colorado, Joplin, Missouri,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Goldfield, Nevada.
At the eighth session at El Paso in 1905 another
great event in the history of the organization took
place, James F. Callbreath. Jr., of Denver, Colorado,
was elected secretary, and wdthout criticism,
or any reflection on any of the former officers of
the association, the American Mining Congress
seemed from this time forth to take on
A NEW LEASE OF LIFE,
until now it is sn active power in the mining
affairs of the United States. There were so many
questions calling for attention such ss the Smelter
Rates, the Revision of the Mining Laws, the
Land and Claim Laws nertaining to mining, and
many others which in their consideration called
for such master minds as Judge Richard's and

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Secretary Callbreath's. These various questions
through the efforts of the officials of the Mining
Congress were brought either to a successful conclusion
or put in such form that since that time
very material progress has been made toward the
solution of them. That the congress has grown in
importance and power, and to-day comprises a
larger scope of activity is due to no one thing
more particularly than that the officials of the
congress have been wide awake to tbe situation
and cognizant of every event that has taken place
that in any way bore on the mining interests.
In 1907 and 1908 it became very apparent to the
officers and those interested in the work of the
American Mining Congress that if the congress
was to become the effective agent that it should.
and do the great work that was then before it to
accomplish, that it must broaden its field, and
instead of confining it? work to the interests of
the western states alone, that it must reach out
and include in its plans all branches of mining,
and take up for consideration not only the problems
that confronted the precious metal mining
interests of the West, but include those of the
extreme Northwest, or Alaska, as well also those
of the East and Middle States, giving consideration
to matters pertaining to coal mining, iron
ore, and clay
MINING INTERESTS.
Pittsburgh was therefore selected for the place of
meeting for the 190S congress and at this meeting
not only were the clay and iron ore mining interests
represented but the great coal industry was
largely represented in this convention and the
problems confronting it received a great deal of
discussion.
It was very apparent at this time that a national
organization such as the American Mining
Congress was not only a necessity i'or bringing the
problems of a specific mining district or industry
to the attention of those who could help solve
her problems but to have a disinterested organization
such as the Mining Congress, composed as it
was not only of producers of coal and various
minerals but users as well of these minerals, which
made it cosmopolitan in its character, ancl through
this very fact have an influence in shaping the
laws of the National Cngress, thus producing the
greatest benefit to the mining industry. At the
Pittsburgh meeting great stress was laid upon the
importance of the mining industry by a comparison
of its immense monetary value as compared
with some other industries of the country, such
as agriculture. It was at this time also specially
brought to the attention of the American Mining
Congress that in order to bring the mining situation
properly before the United States Congress
at Washington so as to secure such national aid to
the mining industry as it should receive, that the
industry should be represented in the National
Government in the same way that the agriculture
department was represented, and if such a
DEPARTMENT COULD BE OBTAINED,
then mining would be benefited, in like manner
and proportion as had been the result oi the Department
of Agriculture to the farms of this counl
ry.
This situation was so apparent to all giving
consideration to the subject that from this time
forth and up to the present time, it was determined
necessary that the secretary and as many
members of the Mining Congress as possible,
should look closely into the matter of legislation
at Washington in order that as much benefit as
possible might accrue to the industry as a whole.
At about this time the great question of conservation
was hi ought to the special attention of the
entire country and in some cases to the great detriment
of the mining industry. The Land Laws
of the country were such that they required revision
in order that justice should be meted out to
the prospectors of claims ancl to those who would
develop the claims after they were prospected.
Following quickly in the wake of the above conditions,
came the question of establishing a Department
of Mining in the Government organization at
Washington, whose purpose should oe to look after
the welfare of the- mining industry. The work
necessary to scene this department was of such
great magnitude that many despaired of ever
being able tr accomplish anything in this line, as
most all of the leading statesman were opposed
to the creating of any more departments or bureaus
in the Government organization, but after following
this matter through various situations, and on
account of some great accidents m the
COAL MIXING INDUSTRY
which occurred about that time the task was accomplished
thiough the leadership of the American
Mining Congress, supplemented and supported
by various individuals connected with the different
mining industries, securing! a Bureau of
Mines in the Department of the Interior at Washington.
Since the establishment of this bureau,
with Dr. J. A. Holmes as its director, no one
questions the judgment of Congiess in passing
the necessary legislation to establish it. The
many investigations which they have carried on,
particularly for the coal mining industry, have
shown the importance of this work to the coal
industry. This work has also brought to the
attention of Congress the necessity of broadening
the scope of this Mining Bureau, and extending
its investigation to the problems of precious metal
mining in the West. The Mining Congress has
worked hard for the accomplishment of this condition,
truly by a circuitous route, passing first
through the predous metal mining industry, then

through the coal mining industry, back again to
the precious metal mining industry, until now it
seems that the precious metal mining of the West
is about to receive tbe assistance which they have
been striving for, for the past fifteen years or
more and which we are glad to say has now been
in a measure accomplished through a preliminary
appropriation of $50,000 at the last session of
Congress to begin investigations. It is confidently
hoped that in the expenditure of this small appropriation
such results will lie obtained as will guarantee
the necessary future appropriation for further
investigations.
From this rehearsal of the Bureau of Mines legislation
it is very apparent that to
ACCOMPLISH ANY DEFINITE RESULTS
for any section of the country in the way of bettering
conditions, it can only be done by united
action.
Another problem which was brought to the attention
of the Mining Congress and which was
taken up by them : : n a way that no other organization
could do was the question of the Workmen's
Compensation. This was ably handled by
a committee of the Mining Congress composed as
it was of men who had intimate knowdedge of this
subject as applied to mining, and who could doubtless
in no othei way have been brought together.
The result of their deliberations, after approximately
two years of work, was to formulate a hill,
which was recommended and approved by a later
meeting of the Mining Congress designed for passage
by the various state legislatures. In order
to show the importance of this work, it might be
said that during the period that this matter was
under discussion and since the committee has
made their report no less than thirteen or fourteen
different states have passed workmen's compensation
acts. Some of them very similar to the bill
prepared by the committee of the Mining Congress,
others differed quite materially from them, but
there is no doubt in my mind that all of these
various bills that were passed by the different
states received a great impetus by the influence
of what had been done by and through the American
Mining Congress. Another matter which is
almost a counterpart of this was the question of
the Prevention of Mire Accidents. The work
and report of this committee of the different
CONDITIONS TO BE FOLLOWED
in mining has been of great advantage in tbe way
of prevention of mine accidents. Still another
work of the Mining Congress that has been of very
great good is that done by a committee on the
Standardization of Electrical Equipment for coai
and metal mines. The committee on the coal
mining section made a report several years ago
which has been submitted to a number of differ­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
ent organizations and winch has received very
little criticism ft om any source and very high
praise from many quarters; in fact, two years
ago the legislature of Pennsylvania passed a new
mining code which embraced the report of the
committee of the Mining Congress almost verbatim.
Other committees of this congress such
as that on Forestry Relation, Revision of Mineral
Land Laws, Smelter and Freight Rates, an 1 Federal
Legislation have all had problems assigned to
them to consider, and their reports from time to
time as given to the Mining Congress have been
of such great, importance that wo can scarcely
estimate the value of them at the present time.
Again a committee wdiich has labored assiduously
for several years is the committee on "Alaskan
Affairs" and probably during no time has there
been such activity in connection with Alaskan
affairs as during the past year. The committeeas
constituted during ihe last year deserves the
very highest commendation of this congress for
the able and arduous work which they performed
in connection with the various bills which were
before the last session of Congress.
I do not by any means claim that I have gone
over all tbe problems that have come
BEFORE THE MINING CONGRESS
for consideration but this brief review will show
conclusively the advantage that the American
Mining Congress has been to the mining industry
in the past. 'Ihe mining industry, however, has
before it to-day many problems that are equally
as important as those which it has already deal'
with and some of those heretofore enumerated are
only in their infancy ancl wdll require very careful
consideration in tbe future.
First, the Safety and Efficiency in mining operations
This is a large question and one that remains
constantly before the mining fraternity,
that it goes without saying, that it wdll be a live
issue for many years to come.
Second, the question of Conservation which has
been before the Mining Congress for a great while
is probably one of the great things for the future.
Not, in the sense that some would define conservation
but in the broader sense of true conservation
which means not only the conserving of tbe
interests of one phase of affairs hut conservation
''n all its broader application to the present generations
as well as those to follow. This is exemplified
clearly in statistics regarding the amount
of coal lost in the production of the present large
output of the mines of this country, which amount
to practically 50 per cent In other words, in the
production of coal of this country, which is nraotically
five hundred million tons, it is estimated
that two hundred fifty million ions were lost and
in the production of this e0ai there- were employed
553.000 men of whom 2,835

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LOST THEIR LIVES
and many thousand more were maimed. The true
conservation will endeavor to prevent the continuing
of these conditions as much as possible.
This is only one example of what conservation
should embrace. In every other branch of mining
there are similar conditions wdiich require specific
consideration and so great is this problem that
there will be ample work to do for years to come
for some such an 01 ganization as the American
Mining Congress.
Third, the Mining Congress has in the past
raised its voice against the faker in mining investments
in practical mining operations, in a
straightforward legitimate way, and probably no
organization stands to-day in such a strong position
between the prospector and the capitalist,
as does the American Mining Congress, and if she
will exert her powerful influence toward eliminating
the false promoter she will have accomplished
a great good to the commercial side of mining in
our country.
Fourth, during the past few years there has been
such a diversity of laws in the different states controlling
and governing mining operations that it
is, to say the least, very embarrassing to persons
engaged in the mining business. This could be
remedied, or at least helped very much, if the
different states could be brought to pass uniform
laws governing this question, and here again the
Mining Congress can exert a great influence. This
influence should not he confined to the individual
states but should also be applied to the Federal
Government and should endeavor to have such
Federal co-operation as
WTI.L SOLVE A GREAT MANY
of the difficult problems which pertain to economic,
production, treatment and transportation of minerals,
which are essential to the upbuilding of the
mining business.
Fifth, for some years past there- has been great
agitation in connection with the Federal laws
pertaining to control of Mineral Lands, Water-
Power and Rights of Way over the Public Domain,
as well also the operation of what is known as
the Sherman Anti-Trusi law as applied to combinations
of capital engaged in mining. All of these
in their various ramifications need not only present
but future attention if they shall be guided
in the proper channels to the best interests of
those engaged in mining. This feature alone is
so tremendous that it is of itself sufficient to require
the attention of the American Mining Congress
for some years to come.
Sixth, the matter of Workmen's Compensation
referred to above is practically in its infancy and
while our congress has done much in this resepct,
(here still remains a great deal that may be accom­
plished through its power and influence in the
future.
Seventh, Alaskan conditions which during the
past few years have received much consideration
by the American Mining Congress must of necessity
receive a great deal of further consideration
before conditions in that great territory of the
Northwest shall be satisfactorily solved, not only
to the residents of Alaska but to all of those interested
in any way in her development.
Eighth, there are many other problems such as
the use of Electricity in mining operations, further
revision of Mineral
LAND LAWS,
Federal Aid for Mining Schools, Interstate Trade
Commissions, etc., etc., that call loudly for assistance
through some national organization such as
the American Mining Congress.
When we consider the subjects that have been
taken up by the National Government and different
state legislatures and the actions taken
thereon, they indicate plainly that the American
Mining Congress is at least one of the leaders of
advanced thought in all subjects pertaining to
mining, by the consideration that these various
legislative bodies have given to the deliverances
that Congress has made on the subjects so considered.
It would seem, therefore, from this
brief review of these various matters that instead
of the Mining Congress having accomplished its
mission along these lines, (bat it has just begun
to show the great importance of its work and
through its efforts of the past few years it surely
has demonstrated beyond all question of doubt not
only the importance but the necessity of establishing
in the future a representative of this congress
in Washington.
Whether the headquarters or central office of the
Mining Congress should be in Washington or not
should he a matter for very careful consideration
hut to some of those who have been on the firing
line, it would seem that the work of the American
Mining Congress, especially with reference to legislation
cannot be carried on successfully without
some organization or central office or headquarters
in Washington, This office should be maintained
during the entire session of the National Congress,
and consequently it
BECOMES A GRAVE QUESTION
as to whether or not, if the efficiency of the American
Mining Congress is to be considered, the headquarters
should not be in Washington instead of
some of the other cities. From the changes in
organization that have come about in the American
Mining Congress in the past few years, namely
in the establishment of the various state chapters
it would seem to me that the logical arrangement
might be to have the central office in Washington,

so that legislation from all sections of the country
could be attended to properly. To those who
have been in close touch with the secretary's work,
at Washington during the past few years, it is apparent
at once how much he has been crippled
in his work by not having the necessary support.
Tbe work has been carried on in small and inadequate
quarters The sec-ietary ha 1 had little assistance,
thus making it almost impossible for
him to attend to the many details that arose in the
various questions that came up before Congress.
It seems therefore logical to say that the present
demands of the: Mining Congress are such that
greater financial assistance must be rendered in
order that the secretary, if the work should continue
to be delegated as it has been, largely to
him, should be supported in the way of additional
help and money to defray the expense of the campaigns
that are necessary to be waged in connection
with questions that come before Congress.
1 will not undertake to bring before you all of
these problems, these should ancl I am sure do
come to your attention through the reports ot
your secretary, but 1 wish tu say that in connection
with the wort: ot the secretary at Washington
that it is not always what (he various chapters
and various individuals may desire to obtain on a
certain line of legislation, but it is rather what can
lie secured. In nearly every case, some sort of
compromise must take place in order to get a
DILL THROUGH CONGRESS.
While this is in some cases to be deplored, yet
on the other hand it is sometimes best to have
some person other than ourselves to come into
the consideration of these questions, and help to
solve them, for we all know by personal experience
that at times our own judgment has been
somewhat fallacious due to our over anxiety to
have certain things accomplished, overlooking
points that would be well to ha re- included in any
legislation under consideration.
From these various statements you will at once
recognize that the Mining Congress has still before
it a mission that no other organization can
perform. As state! before the very fact of the
organization itself being national in its scope, comprising
as it does in its membership not only men
engaged in all branches of mining, in all parts of
the American Cc.ntincnt, but also men who are
consumers of the; products of these mines, making
its members both producers and consumers, and
therefore the united action of the Mining Congress
of much more value as a public guide than it
would otherwise be if its membership was confined
to either producer? or consumers alone. We
believe that any careful consideration of the work
that is to be accomplished for the benefit of the
mining industry can be best carried out by a non-
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
political, non-sectional organization such as thf
American Mining Congress.
I would in conclusion suggest that at this meeting
a committee on Scope and Financial Plans for
the future work of the American Mining Congress
be selected, and that they be requested if possible
to outline and suggest a plan to this session of the
congress so that the future efficiency of those
charged with the work of the congress shall be
increased, and thus the future status of the American
Mining Congress be strengthened and maintained.
CAR SHORTAGE CONTINUES TO GROW.
The fortnightly bulletin of the American Railway
Association states that on Nov. 7th there was
a gross surplus of idle cars on the lines of the
United States ancl Canada of 19,897, compared with
17,289 two weeks ago, but the gross shortage of
idle cars increased from 67,270 to 71,156, indicating
that there was a demand for cars that was 51,259
in excess of the supply. Two weeks before the
shortage was 49,981, showing that on Nov. 7th the
situation was worse by 1,548.
Following are the surpluses and shoitages at
various recent dates:
Date. Number Idle( Net). Decrease.
Nov. 7, 1912 -j'51,259 *1,278
Oct. 24 149,981 *18,402
Oct. 10 -j-31,579 *13,786
Sept. 26 U7,790 *9,170
Sept. 12 f8,620 *1,130
Aug. 29 9,750 34,151
Aug. 15 43,901 12,609
Aug. 1 56,510 13,412
July 18 68,922 *4,898
July 4 64,024 3,694
June 20 67,718 1S.66S
June 6 86,386 29,815
May 23 116,201 13,897
May 9 130,098 8,783
April 25 138,881 *59,492
•Increase.
-jNet shortage.
An important railroad transaction involving
coal traffic in the Virginia and Kentucky fields
was that of the purchase of the Wire Terminal
railway by the Interstate Railroad Co., Nov. 19,
at Appalachia, Va. Physical connection between
the two lines will be made at Norton, and the former
extended into the newly opened coal fields
in Letcher and Harlan counties, Kentucky, giving
them an outlet through Appalachia to the Virginia
and Southwestern railway to the Norfolk & Western,
and the Clinchfield railways into the Carolinas
and Georgia, and to South Atlantic Ocean ports.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
fl CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
The Latrobe Trust Co., Latrobe. Pa., has called
for redemption three of the first mortgage bonds
of the Unity Coal Co. interest ceases after Jan. 1.
FORTHCOMING EXHIBITION OF
MINING MACHINERY IN LONDON.
Isaac Seaman of Uniontown, Pa., and Rockwood
The Mining Machinery Exhibition to be held at
and Pittsburgh associates nave leased 5,000 acres
The Royal Agricultural Hall, Islington. N. Y., from
of coal and timber lands in Middlecreek and Jef­
May 29 to June 7, 1913, is the fifth of the series
ferson townships, Somerset county, Pa., and it is
organized by Messrs. Montgomery. A strong asso­
reported will develop the property, first cutting
ciation of manufacturers representing leading
off the timber ancl then opening coal mines. firms in the industry has been formed, and theseexhibitions
have now become quinquennial, so that
The Keystone Coal & Coke Co., Greensburg, Pa., after next year's there will not be another exhibi­
contemplates re-opening the mine near Hunker tion held until 1918. This arrangement both pre­
station, which has been closed several years. Envents a tax on the manufacturer through the mulgineers
are locating a new pit mouth, tipple ancl tiplicity of exhibitions, and enables each to be
siding. The tract comprises several hundred acres thoroughly representative. Already three-fourths
of good coal.
of the available space has been taken up, whilst
The Hocking Valley railroad will build a 12mile
extension from Pomeroy, O., to reach some
virgin coal land along the Ohio river, and eventually
it will be connected up with the main line at
Athens, 0.
a strong Consultative Committee has been formed
to supervise demonstrations of life-saving, etc.,
apparatus and devices, organize lectures on subjects
of immediate importance to those engaged
in mining operations, secure the attendance of
British Colonial ancl foreign representatives of
The Dakota Fuel Co.. Dickinson, N. D., has its Mining Institutes, etc.
mine about ready for making shipments. It will The committee consists of Mr. W. E. Garforth,
have a capacity of 200 tons per day. Mr. A. H. LL.D. (president of the Institution of Mining
Pelton is managei of the property.
Engineers); Sir Ralph Ashton; Professor J. S.
Haldane, F.R.S.; Sir Henry Hall, I.S.O.; Sir
The Bryan Coal Corporation, Piank Nelson, Jr.,
Thomas H. Holland, K.C.I.E., F.R.S.; Mr. A. M.
president, Birmingham. Ala., will spend $100,000
Lamb, M. Inst. M. E.; Mr. H. C. Peake, Past Presi­
on the opening of a new mine and the erection of a
dent. Inst. M. E.; and Mr. H. L. Salman, Past
coal washeiy at Red Star, Ala.
President. I. M. M.
Mr. T. B. Young, of the Brownsville Engineering Lectures have already been promised by Sir
Co., Brownsville, Pa., is in charge of the prelimi­ Henry Cunynghame, K.C.B., Professor Haldane.
nary work on a new coke plant to be erected at Big F.R.S., ancl other well known authorities.
Meadow Run, near Brownsville.
The offices of tbe Exhibition are at 43, Essex
street, Strand, London, W.C.
Mr. Thomas Estep ancl brother, of Nant-y-Glo., Pa..
wdll lease and operate the tract o!' coai land recently
purchased by B. W. Caiskaddon, in Cambria CAMBRIA COUNTY MINES
township, Cambria county, Pa.
CAN USE 2,500 MORE MEN.
The Biggstaff Canne! Coal Co., Mt. Sterling, Ky.,
A canvass of the mining operations of Cambria
has reorganized with Ralu.i R. Wilson, of Frank­
county, Pa., bring to light the fact that 2,500 addifort,
as president, and will develop 700 acres of
tional miners could find work. Among the coal
coal on the O. & K. railroad.
companies tht are calling lor more mineis and the
number they could use are:
Dolan Bros, of Pottsville, Pa., have been awarded Barnes & Tucker, Barnesboro, 150 men: William
a contract to sink an SOO-fcot air shaft at the- Lytle & Co., Cymbria mines, 100; Sterling Coal Co., Be
colliery near that place.
kerton, 100: Madeira-Hill Coal Co.. Barnesboro,
50; Henrietta Coal Mining Co., Lianfair, 150; Bea­
The Cambria Coal Co., owned by the George H.
ver Run Coal Co., Beaverdale, 100; Logan Coal
Jones Coal Co.. of Toledo. O., will open a new mine
Co., Beaverdale, 200; Greenwich Coal & Coke Co..
near Shadyside, O.
Saxman, 150; Portage Coal Mining Co., Portage,
The Republic Tron & Steel Co. will shortly begin 100; Miller Coal Co., Portage, 50; Sonman Shaft
the erection of 68 by-product coke ovens near Coal Co., Sonman, 100; Pennsylvania Coal & Coke
Youngstown, Ohio.
Corporation, 500; Princess Coal Mining Co.. 50;
Stineman Coal & Coke Co., Benscreek, 50.
The net earnings of the Alabama Consolidated
Coal & Iron Co. for October were $19,781.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
BRITISH EXPLOSIONS IN MINES COMMITTEE ISSUES ITS REPORT
ON COAL DUST.
While many of the mining engineers of the world
have for a number of years recognized the danger
of coal dust in mines, the increasing number of
fatalities from this cause impelled the British
government in 1906 to plan a series of large-scale
experiments, "if only for the purpose of concentrating
the attention of the mining world upon
the danger that coal dust constitutes."
The British Explosions in Mines committee,
which has charge of these experiments, has just
issued its first report to the Secretary of State for
the Home Department, which report will be of
interest to American operators ancl engineers in
view of similar experiments being conducted by
the United States Bureau of Mines.
The committee in its report states: "The effect
of these experiments was, in the first place, to
demonstrate conclusively the fact that coal dust,
in the complete absence of firedamp or other inflammable
gas, is explosive when raised as a cloud
in air and ignited under conditions which may
exist in a coal mine, and moreover is capable of
producing such destruction as is observed after a
colliery disaster. In the second place, the experiments
indicated that the admixture of increasingproportions
of an incombustible dust with the coal
dust rendered the initiation of an explosion increasingly
difficult to accomplish; and that, therefore,
a means of preventing coal dust explosions
in mines might possibly exist in the
TREATMENT OF THE ROADS
with incombustible dust such as stone dust. In
the third place, the experiments on the mode of
propagation of coal dust explosions gave an indication
of the manner of their development during
the initial stages, and suggested a way for a more
complete study of the problem. * * * It wdll be
seen that provision has been made for complete
investigations into the initiation and spread of
coal dust explosions, whereby we hope to ascertain
the means of preventing or limiting them. It may
therefore be some time before we are able from
our own experiments to recommend definite precautions.
There is, however, one point to which
it is desirable to draw attention—the proposal
to use an inert dust as a preventative. It is difficult
to state the exact date- of the idea of using
stone dust as a protection against coal dust explosions,
and we do not pretend to give complete history
of the progress of thought upon the question.
We may, however, mention a few instances in
which it was brought prominently into notice.
That an inert dust might prevent the ignition of
coal dust seems to have been suggested by the
tacts observed in several mine explosions such as
that at Seaham in 1880. The possibility that fine
sand strewn over coal dust might prevent the eoal
dust being raised in an inflammable cloud is re
ferred to in the Prussian Commission's Report,
1884. It is also alluded to in the Report of the
Royal Coal Mines Commission in 1886. *****
As soon as the Altofts gallery had been constructed,
experiments on the large scale
WITH STONE DUST
were commenced on July IS, 1908, under the supervision
of Mr. Garforth, and continued in 1909 and
in subsequent years.
In the record of the Mining Association, pp. 105
to 10S, details are given of experiments upon the
effect of mixing stone dust with coal dust. They
show that the liability of dry coal dust to ignite
is largely reduced by an admixture of fine stone
dust.
In our opinion further experiments upon the
action of stone dust are essential before any final
recommendation can be made. For instance, it
has not yet been proved that a name of coal dust
that has attained full explosive violence in a mine
wdll be extinguished on reaching a region where
stone dust had been strewn over the coal dust, nor
that an explosion of fire-damp would not be "extended"
by a thin layer of coal dust deposited on
stone dust. Further experiments also are needed
to test the correctness of Sir F. Abel's conclusion
that the presence of an incombustible dust niay
increase the danger of a gas explosion. The latter
experiments we have already started.
We think, however, that we ought to call attention
to the steps that have been taken not only at
Altofts in Yorkshire, but also at the Charlaw.
Sacriston and Kimblesworth collieries in Durham,
at the New Moss colliery near Manchester and elsewhere,
to put this theory into actual practice.
At the present time inert dust is not put on In
zones, but is
SCATTERED BY HAND
over the whole surface of such haulage roads as
require it.
This application of rnert dust needs no considerable
expenditure of capital, nor laying down
of plant, ancl is not a costly operation, and we are
of opinion that even in the present incomplete
state of our knowdedge as to the exact action of
inert dust, those who are working and carrying
coal along dry and dusty roads would be well advised
to take into consideration this means or
obviating danger.
We do not, of course, question the utility of wat-

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ering and of keeping the mine clear of dust, or of
safety cartridges, tamping, and the various other
remedies wdiich it will be our duty to examine.
Moreover the proposal to prevent the ignition ot
coal dust by admixture 1 with an inert dust may
not be applicable in all mines, but we consider that
the results of the experiments so far as they nave
gone are sufficiently striking to merit serious attention.
* * * *
In view of the position now reached in the trial
of stone and other incombustible dusts, and considering
the question that has been raised whether
the sprinkling of such dusts in a mine might be
injurious to health, we believed it would be desirable
to enquire how far such dusts, even if mixed
freely with the air of the mine so as to float about
in it, would be injurious to health. *****
Inasmuch as the introduction of dust into mines
might, unless carefully regulated,
PRODUCE EVILS
worse than those which it aimed to cure, we deemed
it our duty a.t the outset to take every possible
step to make sine that the opinions above cited
were correct, and to see whether it was possible
to devise some test to which dust about to be introduced
into mines should be submitted.
With this view we requested Dr. Beattie, Professor
of Pathology at the University of Sheffield, to
conduct some special experiments.
The results of Dr. Beattie's experiments have
been in a very marked way to confirm the opinion
of Dr. Haldane. They seem to show that dust,
if of slate or shale or other argillaceous substances,
is not dangerous. On the other hand,
all kinds of dust containing finely powdered silica
in its crystalline condition, such as is found in
Sheffield grinders' shops, are apt to produce fibrosis
of the lung and thereby to facilitate the production
of tuberculosis. ft follows, therefore,
that such dusts as these are likely to be dangerous.
We thought it would also be- of interest to ascertain
whether the dust either of Altofts shale or of
coal injuriously affects the horses or ponies employed
in the mines. We therefore- asked Dr. Beattie
to make an examination of the lungs of a dead
pony which had worked about 14 years underground
at Altofts, ancl for the last year had beer.
subjected to the effect of the shale dust, employed
there; he reported that
VERY LITTLE COAL DUST
and no shale dust was found in tne lung, wdiich
was quite free from fibrosis, and added that this
might be explained by the length and diameter ot
the windpipe, which having a large superficies, absorbed
the dust readily so that comparatively little
reached the lung.
It would, therefore, appear that no injury is to
be anticipated to animals in the mine by the use
of shale dust such as that at Altofts.
According to Dr. Beattie's experiments the shale
dust used by him does not seem any more injurious
than ordinary fine coal dust; and we haveno
doubt that other dusts, wdien submitted to
similar tests, will be found equally innocuous. We
propose to have such tests made of other dusts.
We think that this method of investigation is
likely to prove valuable not only to the mining
industry but also in other industries. As dust
is actually being used at present in several mines,
and may probably be tried in others, we deemed it
incumbent upon us to place at the disposal of the
public without delay the best information we possess
on the subject of tbe dusts that are least
harmful physiologically.
» RETAIL TRADE NOTES «
The coal dealers at Waltham, Mass., have entered
into a new contract with their drivers
whereby the latter receive a dollar a week increase
in wages. The new rate is $14 for two-horse
wagons and $13 for single wagons, based on a ninehour
day.
Secretary Haskell, of the Retail Coal Dealers'
Association of the New England States, reports a
gratifying increase in membership in recent
months, the organization now having more names
on its rolls than ever before.
The Reading, Pa , Retail Coa! Dealers' Association
will hold a banquet before the holidays. B. F.
Bertolet, J. Arthur Strunk ancl Harry Landis are
the committee in charge.
The semi-annual convention of the Illinois &
Wisconsin Retail Coal Dealers' Association will be
held at the Plankinton Hotel, Milwaukee, Wis.,
Dec. 11 and 12.
The Cahaba Red Ash Coal Co. is expanding its
retail sales of Alabama coil in New Orleans, having
recently opened another yard there.
The Pennsylvania railroad has announced the
following improvements will be- made at Altoona.
Pa., at a cost of over $1,000,000: Forty-stall passenger
engine roundhouse; machine shop; blacksmith
shop; power plant with electrical generators;
additional yard trackage aggregating nearly
600 miles of new tracks; ten-ton overhead electric
crane; new turntable 110 feet long, to include jib
cranes and drop table; new buildings for yard and
road men with toilet facilities; large coaling station
with mechanical devices for operating; additional
water tanks; four ash and two inspection
pits.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
IOWA'S COAL PRODUCTION FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING
JUNE 30, 1911 AND 1912
The sixteenth biennial report of the state mineinspectors
ot low-a, covering the two years ended
June 30, 1912, gives an interesting summary ot
conditions in the Iowa coal producing industry.
There are three districts in Iowa. These districts,
the counties embraced ancl the inspectors
in charge, are:
District 1—John E. Jeffreys, Albia, inspector;
Appanoose, Lucas, Taylor, Adams, Monroe, Page
and Wayne counties.
District 2—R. T. Rhys, Ottumwa, inspector:
Monroe (part), Wapello, Marion, Keokuk, Warren.
Mahaska, Jasper, Van Buren, Jefferson and Davis
counties.
District 3—Edward Sweeney, Des Moines, in
spector: Polk, Webster, Greene, Scott, Boone,
Guthrie and Dallas counties.
Each inspector makes separate report of his
distiict and details conditions in the various counties,
of which reports the following summary is
made:
The twenty-three coal-producing counties of the
state of Iowa for the year ending June 30, 1911,
produced 7,729,674 tons of coal and gave employment
to an average of 16,890 men. For the yeaending
June 30, 1912, the production amounted
to 6,820,828 tons, with the employment of 16,215
men in ancl around the mines. As will be seen,
this second year of the biennial period produced
908,846 less tons of coal than w-as produced in the
first, year of the period. The decrease in tonnage
may be attributed to tbe mines of the state
being under suspension for nearly sixty days during
the spring of 1912, while the wage scale and
working agreement was being perfected by the
miners and operators of the state. Many of the
mines did not resume work until after the close
of the- fiscal year of the biennial period, June 30,
so that it will be seen that in the last year of the
biennial period tbe mines of the state worked but
little more than ten months.
During the- first year of the biennial period there
were 243 mines in operation in the state, giving
employment to an average of 16,890 men, while
for the second year 260 mines were in operation,
giving employment to an average of 16,215 men.
The year 1911 shows a decided increase in production
over the years 1909 and 1910, but 1912
shows a slight decrease from the production of
those years. It is safe to say that had the mines
of the state been in active operation at the time
the wage agreement was being perfected that the
coal production of 1912 would have equaled that
of any former year.
An agreement between the mines and operators
of the state as to wages and working conditions
ana extending until April 1, 1914, was entered
into the latter part of May, in accordance with the
conditions cf the Cleveland conference.
The coal production of the two years embraced
in the report was as follows:
County. 1911. 1912.
Appanoose 1,205,878 1,059,290
Monroe 2,299,859 2,195,806
Wayne 144,358 106,616
Lucas 10,895 15,457
Taylor 7,655 6.S40
Adams 6,490 5,800
Page 4,500 10,762
Mahaska 885,435 679,360
Wapello 333,861 268,156
Jasper 317,606 260,084
Marion 222,268 134,649
Keokuk 14,978 11.820
Van Buren 13,154 13,329
Jefferson 4,996 4,051
Davis 1.120 1.000
Warren 3,723
Polk 1,663,291 1.346,541
Dallas 286,497 382,690
Boone 241,138 263,015
Webster 44,768 44,270
Guthrie 8,299 10,871
Greene 10,128 11,800
Scott 3,500 3,900
Total 7,729,074 6,820.828
The total number of men employed decreased
from 16.S90 in 1911 to 16,215 in 1912. The number
of mines in the state was 242 in 1911 and 260
in 1912. There wei e 36 fatal accidents in 1911,
of which 24 were caused by falls of slate, coal or
rock; in 1912 there were 30 fatal accidents, of
which 16 were caused by slate, coal or rock falls.
Of the 66 fatal accidents during the two years.
40 were from the causes specified and 12 from
falling under or being hit by mine cars. Two
were killed by falling down the shaft, two by dust
explosions and one each from ten other causes.
The largest coal-producing county in Iowa is
Monroe, with 4,495,665 tons production in the
two years past, and twenty-five mines.
Polk county is the second coal producing county
in the state, with a total of 2,009,832 tons for the
two years. Twenty-nine mines are in operation,
many of them within a readius of six miles of the
center of Des Moines, and several within the city

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
limits. Most of the miners live in Des Moines
and go to work on the street cars.
The third largest coal producing county in Iowa
is Appanoose, with 60 mines, producing 2,265,168
tons in the biennial period. The relative position
of the three leading counties, Monroe, Polk and
Appanoose, Inspector Jeffreys says, "has prevailed
for a number of years, and notwithstanding that
there are more mines operated in Appanoose county
than in any other county in the state."
Maahska stands fourth in the list, with 1,564,795
tons in two years. Dallas county is fifth with 669,-
187 tons, Wapello sixth with 602,017 tons, Jasper
seventh with 577,690 tons, and Boone eighth with
504,153 tons. No other county produced as much
as half a million tons in the two-year period.
Concerning the changes in the mining laws
recommended in the last report and since made,
Inspector Rhys reports that they are "well taken
by both operators and miners. The fear expressed
by some when they were presented to the
last general assembly, that their passage would
ruin the coal industry in our state, and cause
many mines to be put out of operation, has ceased
and has been replaced by a better understanding
of their purposes and their reasonable requirements.
The number of new mines opened in this
distiict since the revised laws have become effective
is sufficient proof that their passage has not
scared nor checked capital to invest in the business.
To see these new mines, ancl compare
them with mines opened a few years ago, will
convince any fair-minded person that the revision
has helped to systematize some things and has
elevated the standard of safety of our mines. Not
only are these new mines arranged and constructed
with greater safety in view than mines formerly
were, but they are also better equipped with mechanical
devices that will make the operation of
the same more efficient and economical.
"ft should be very plain to every operator that
the miner of to-day does not. and certainly the
miner of to-morrow will not, live and labor under
the same conditions and environments as our fathers
did. That their new mines will always be
expected to be an improvement over the ones they
have- just abandoned. That their 'New Camps'
be built a little better, and more convenient and
attractive than the old ones. That the long shift,
child labor, and many other old slavish customs
will not return to their mines again; and I hope
no one claims that our present mining laws, even
as revised, are perfect in all details and need
never be changed or improved. Experience will
teach us, and justice will demand of us, that we
change some things and add to others from time
to time; but when this is done, I dare say, the
standard of safety of our mines and of mining life
in general will not be lowered but made higher
and better.
"Fortunate then is the operator who realizes
that the solution of the above problem—that is,
of meeting constant competition and being able to
make fair returns on his investment—is not to be
found in retrograde endeavors, nor in unduly resisting
the tendency of the times for modern improvements,
but is to be found in concentrated
efforts to correct wasteful methods of operation,
and in installing equipment and system that will
render greater efficiency in all parts and in every
department of the industry-"
The power plant of the Madeira-Hill Coal Mining
Co., at Whiteside, Pa., was destroyed by fire Nov.
15, entailing a loss of $15,000. The plant included
the boiler and engine house and the compressor
room.
Fire destroyed the engine house of the Big Four
Coal Mine at Broadwell, O., recently. The loss
is about $2,000. The owners, Messrs. James, Cassell,
Morris and Wells, will rebuild.
Two miners' houses owned by the Laughlin Coal
Co., at Brilliant, O., burned Nov. 19, ancl a third
was torn down to prevent a spread of the flames.
The loss is $3,300.
Fire on Nov. 25 destroyed the barn of the Atlas
Coal Co. at Burgettstown, together with some machinery
valued at $3,000. The total loss is $5,000.
NORFOLK AND WESTERN
OCTOBER SHIPMENTS.
The coal and coke shipped from Norfolk & Western
mines in the state of West Virginia for the
month of October, 1912, was:
Coal. Coke.
Pocahontas field 1,216,961 103,076
Tug River field 194.611
Thacker field 230,991
Kenova field 84,777
Total 1.727,340 103,076
Advices from Seward, Alaska, say the government
is assembling a coal mining outfit at Knik,
the outfit to be shipped into the Matanuska coal
field as soon as the snow is heavy enough for travel.
Two hundred tons of Matanuska coal will be mined
by the government to enable the navy to test the
steaming quality of the Alaska fuel. Another
government coal expedition is at work in the Bering
river field.

Pleasant Valley Coal & Coke Co., Coalton, Okla.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, J. P. Davidson,
Aaron Collier, Coalton, Okla.; N. 0. Randall, George
W. Randall, E. L. Randall, John H. Randall, W. E.
Brookshier, W. R. Wilson, all of Henrietta, Okla.;
H. S. Kelser, John Wilson, Buck, Okla.; P. R.
Allen, J. S. Hollinger, James Elliott, James H. Gordon,
McAllester, Okla.; O. R. Rice, Alderson, Okla.;
George E. Ladcl, Richard Howard, Wilburton,
Okla.; N. S. Goodsen, Daniel C. McAlpine, Savanna,
Okla.; James McGinnis, A. Hurd, Kerbs, Okla.
National Bituminous Coal & Coke Co., Crown
Hill, W. Va.; capital, $2,000,000; incorporators, C.
C. Leavens, H. Lyon Smith, of Washington, D. C;
Arthur E. Wood, E. W. Alexander and L. M.
Bostick of Charleston, W. Va.
Rich Creek Coal Co., Logan, W. Va.; capita!,
$50,000; incorporators, J. J. Ross, B. R. Simms,
A. C. McConaughey, of Logan, W. Va.; B. L.
Flinn, Ethel, W. Va., and B. Lee Hutchinson of
Manbor, W. Va.
Eureka Coal Co., Domvood, W. Va.; capital, $190,-
000; incorporators, George W. McClintic, W. B.
Matthews, Lawrence P. Williams ancl R. G. Walsh
of Charleston, W. Va., and C. D. Hopkins, of
Athens, O.
City Coal Co., Washington, Pa.; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, Geo. T. Walker, Geo. E. Lockhart,
John B. Murphy, \V. E. Brown, Harry A. Jones, I.
L. Jones, Dorothy H. Buckley, all of Washington,
Pa.
Conservative Fuel Co., Bowmansdale, Pa.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, B. E. Gamble, Bowmansdale,
Pa.; C. B. Miller, Harrisburg, Pa.; Geo.
W. Wilmot, Hazleton, Pa.
West Penn Coke Co., Pittsburgh; capital, $50,
000; incorporators, Holmes A. Davis, Wilkinsburg;
John H. Hillman, Jr., and Ernest Hillman,
Pittsburgh; Richard Davis, Uniontown.
Interior Mining Co., Inc., Roanoke, Va.; capital,
$40,000; incorporators, Geo. F. Eldridge, New Rochelle,
N. Y.; Edward Mullan, Westwood, N. J.; John
F. Desmond, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Coal & Timber Co., Huntington, W. Va.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, A. B. Hyman, S. J. Hyman,
I. S. Hyman, J. H. Strickling and G. I. Neall. all
of Huntington, W. Va.
Hale Coal Co., Lancaster, Pa.; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, John F. Steinman, Lancaster, Pa.;
John Benson. Houtzdale, Pa.; Harry Boulton,
Houtzdale, Pa.
Trenton Grain & Coal Co., Trenton, O.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, Albert F. Babeck, A. M.
Augspurger, T. H. Bell, Sol. Thomas, H. J. Kennel.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
Eastern Kentucky Coal & Timber Co., Wilmington,
Del.; capital, $1,200,000; incorporators, E. E.
McWhineys, W. J. Maloney, N. P. Coffin, Wilmington.
Maryland Land & Timber Co., Wilmington, Del.;
capital, $100,000; incorporators, H. Ralph Ewart,
Clarence J. Jacobs, Harry W. Davis, Wilmington.
Frank Lumber & Coal Co., Mishawaka, lnd.;
capital, $20,000; incorporators, Oren G. Huff.
Grandville, W Ziegler and Ralph H. Jernegan.
G. B. Kipp? Anthracite Coal Co., Christiansburg,
Va.; capital $10,000; incorporators, M. B. Linkous,
H. M. Linkous, G. B. Kipps, all of Cambria, Va.
Spring Valley Coal & Lumber Co., Inc., Spring-
Valley, N. Y.; capital, $25,000; incorporators, J. W.
Bellis, D. D. Bellis. E. Blauvelt, Oradell, N. J.
Archer Coal Depot Co., Inc., New York City; capital,
$100,000: incorporators, E. C. Rieger, B. J.
Wright and H. B Posson, all of New York.
Middle Fork Mining Co., Benton, 111.; capital,
$200,000; incorporators, J. M. Seymour, XV. W. Mc-
Creery, Robert P. Ward, R. E. Poindexter.
American Co-operative Coal Mining Co., Brilliant,
Ala.; capital, $50,000; incorporators, Simon Levy,
H. M. Vanderputte, and Lionel Levy-
Cross Creek Coa! Lands & Lumber Co., Portland,
Me.; capital, $250,000; incorporators, M. S. Newcomb.
E. V. Mann, Portland, Me.
Amalgamated Collieries Co., Camden, N. J.; capital,
$225,000; incorporators, Albert E. Eager, E. H.
Davidson and Thomas B. Hall.
Anderson Grain & Coal Co., Galesburg, 111.;
capital, $25,000; incorporators, B. E. Hewitt, C. H.
Anderson and F. R. Wringer.
Clovelly, Coal Co., Durkee's Ferry, lnd.; capital,
$15,000; incorporators, Homer B. Talley, G. Edward
Talley and Walter W. Talley.
Warrior River Coal Co., Carbon Hill, Ala.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, Thomas D. Lewis. W.
E. Bonham, W. B. Olliver.
Fayette County Coal Co., Chicago, 111.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, L. J. Peraszo, G. F. Celia
and T. J. Talbot.
Bottom Vein Coal Co., Brazil, lnd.; capital, $10,-
000; incorporators, J. L. Cook, M. J. Murphy and
Edward Cook.
Jellico Gas Coal Co., Lynndale, Ky.; capital, $6,-
000; incorporators, W. H. Soper, A. S. Soper and
L. R. Soper.
Climax Coal Co., Somerset, Pa.; capital, $50,000;
incorporators, G. C. Winslow, A. F. Dickey and J.
A. Berkey.
Utilities Coal Co., Sullivan, lnd.; capital, $100,-
000; incorporators, E. Jewell, A. C. Owens and W.
H. Hays.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Assistant Secretary J. M. Zimmerman of the
Illinois Mine Workers has been sending out ballots
for the election of officers. Dec. 10. The retirement
of President John II. Walker from office
leaves but a single candidate in Illinois certain of
election. That is Secretary-Treasurer Duncan
McDonald. For president, the contest will be between
Paul J. Smith of Marion, now vice president,
and Joseph Pope of Belleville. James Lord
of Farmington, Robert Osborn of Coal City, Sam
uel Pascoe of Farmington, and Patrick Lawless of
Springfield, will contend for the vice presidency.
Frank Farrington is a candidate for re-election
as Internationa! Board Member, and bis opponent
will be Adolph Germer of Mount Olive.
The Locust Gap, Pa., local of the United Mine
Workers' Nov. 23 proposed to the Philadelphia &
Reading Coal & Iron Co. that the local colliery shall
work on the clay of the funeral of a deceased employe
anil that each colliery employe, except the
breaker hoys, shall give 25 cents for the family of
the deceased. The same proposition was made
recently by other locals in the region. The company
is reluctant to do the collecting, but the officials
of the local union point out that this is not
simply a union matter, as all employes of the colliery,
union or not, even the bosses, will be expected
to pay the assessment.
All the men employed in the driving of tunnels
ancl other rock work in the Panther Creek Valley,
near Lansford, Pa., went on strike Nov. 21, because
of the refusal of tbe rock contractors to meet their
demands for an increase of ten per cent, in wages.
About 200 men are involved, and since every one
of them is a member of the miners' union all rock
operations are tied up, including the driving of
tbe mammoth tunnel leading from the proposed
million-dollar breaker at Hauto to the- shaft above
Nesquehoning.
The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
Field Office. 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA. J
Contractors (or DIAMOND DRILLING. OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING ;
In an appeal to Gov. McCreary, miners of the
West Kentucky coal fields declare they are in a
state of want, and ask that railroads be required
to furnish the mines more cars so that they can
work full time. Gov. McCreary immediately
turned the petition over to the State Railroad Commission,
and the officials of the Illinois Central
and the miners have been informed by the commission
that the petition wiil be considered at a
meeting Dec. 4.
The strike of the outside hands at the Highland
colliery of G. B. Markle & Co., Hazleton, Pa., over
a misunderstanding as to interpretation of the
wage scale has been settled and the men have
agreed to return to work pending consideration ol
their grievance by the officials of the company.
The strike started without a previous conference
over the difficulty. The men w-ere ordered back
by the officials of the United Mine Workers.
First aid teams under the direction of Thomas
E. Diltz. of the Bituminous and Industrial Y. M
C. A. wil! be given the first test Friday afternoon
and evening, Dec. 20, at Greensburg, Pa. The
teams will be given an examination by special
physicians and those passing with a high percentage
will be awarded Red Cross diplomas or
medals. There are 225 first aid teams with 1,500
members in Pennsylvania.
International President John P. White, of the
I'nited Mine Workers, iias notified the Ninth district
United Mine Workers headquarters at Shamokin,
Pa., that after .Ian. 1 the special dispensation
allowed locals of the district to reduce their
initiatory fee below that set forth in the rules of
the organization would be terminated. For some
time it was $2. Ten dollars is the regular fee-.
State Mine Inspector A. B. Lamb had John Hershey
and Patrick Connelly, contract miners, arrested
at Shenandoah, Pa., Nov. 23, for violating
the mine laws. The inspector asserts he caught
the- men tamping a charge of dynamite with an
iron drill at the Kehley Run colliery strippings.
The men were held for court.
A Civil Service examination to fill a vacancy,
male, in the position of instructor in mine safety,
U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, at a salary
ranging from $1,S00 to $2,400 a year, will be Ireld
Dec. 9. Experience in practical mining will be
requisite.
The special election of the United Mine Workers
of the Ninth distiict (Pottsville, Pa.) opened Nov.
24 and continued all the remainder of the week.
The results of the election will be announced at a
special convention Dec. 3.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 69
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
VICTOR
Bituminous Coal
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708-2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The properties of the Chattanooga Iron & Coal
Co. were sold under a decree of the Federal court
at Chattanooga. Tenn.. Nov. 15, to A. W. Chambliss,
representing the bondholders' reorganization
committee and the Equitable Trust Co. of New
York, for $500,000 These properties include extensive
coal mines, coal and timber lands at Dunlap,
Sequatchie Valley, a large blast furnace in
Chattanooga, the iron mines at Estell, Ga., and the
limestone quarries at Ironto, Ga.
FOR 5ALE
One Complete 3-Track R. R. Tipple Equipment
in first-class condition.
One Complete River Tipple Equipment. Will
sell at a great bargain.
MINE FOREMAN.
PITTSBURGH MINING CO.,
Pomeroy, Ohio.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAT THADE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
Position as superintendent by married man, 39
years old. College and University graduate. Sixteen
years practical experience, mostly inside coal
mines Pittsburgh district, as miner, roadman, driver,
weighmaster, surveyor, fireboss, assistant mine
foreman, mine foreman and superintendent. Good
health, good habits, and best of references. Salary
$250. Address A. B., Care of THE COAL TRADE
BULLETIN.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
FOR SALE-
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville R. R., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Located in the famous Southern Madisonville, Ky.
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and
General Map of the Bituminous
of unsurpassed quality and quantity, Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
with excellent shipping facilities.
1909- lO.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
Ihe names and post office addresses of the Opera­
A bargain. Full particulars and
tors and Purchasing Agents. With
combined a Geological, Railway and
which is
Waterway
prices upon application.
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
W. A. HAMILTON,
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Pub­
Terre Haute, lnd.
lished and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

Attorneys for the Marian Coal Co. of Scranton,
Pa., have appealed to the United States District
Court of Appeals, from the decision recently rendeied
by Judge Witmer in favor of John W. Peale
of New York against the ^oal company for breach
of contract. The order of the court confirmed
the report of a master, who found in the sum ot
$34,000 against the Marian Coal Co. The decision
also directed that a perpetual injunction
issue restraining the company from selling its
output to any other agent than Feale. The brief
filed by the attorneys is a 15-page document containing
10 assignments of error on the ruling of
the District court, claims the right of a trial Injury,
and complains against the excessive charges
that ,vere piled up in the trials ot the case, etc.
The O'Gara coal property in West Virginia has
been purchased by the Jenkins interests of New
York, and the East Coast Coal Mining Co. has
been organized to take over the property, which
consists of 683 acres of coal land, carrying the
Pittsburgh seam, seven feat in thickness. Officers
elected by the new company are: Albert W. Harris,
president; Frank Jenkins, vice president and
treasurer; M. McD. Price, secretary and general
manager; J. M. Orr, general superintendent:
directors, Messrs. Harris, Jenkins, Price, Orr and
C. B. Johnson. The main office will be at No. 1
Broadway. N. Y.
In affirming the decision of the lower court in
the appeal of the Illinois Central Railroad Co. vs.
the River & Rail Coal & Coke Co.. the Kentucky
Court of Appeals holds that a railroad is liable
in damages fcr failure to furnish cars for shippers
after reasonable notice, unless there is a
strike on the railroad or there is such an unprecedented
demand for cars at one time that the road
could not anticipate the increased demand.
It is predicted that the new collieries of the Consolidated
Coal Co. in Jenkins, Ky.. will increase
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
their output to about 160,000 tons per month during
the present month. They are now reported
turning out about 75,000 tons. The Louisville &
Nashville railroad is putting in about S2 miles ot
track to improve the shipping facilities.
The Oak Ridge Coal & Coke Co. of Hastings,
Pa., contracted for its entire output of coke for
the first half of next year with the Reading Iron
Co. In order to fill its contract, the Oak Ridge
Coal & Coke Co. will add 25 ovens to the 75 now
in blast. The company has a total of 100 ovens.
By a decision reached in the courts at Harrisburg,
Pa., Nov. 15, the Kingston Coal Co. will pay
taxes on a capitalization of $6,000,000 instead of
$1,6S0,000, tbe amount the company contended was
the proper figure. The decision is retroactive
and the increased taxation amounts to $64,800.
Coal receipts at Minneapolis, Minn., from Jan. 1
to Oct. 31. 1912, totaled 1,028,121 tons as against
849,874 tons during the same period in 1911. During
the same period the shipment from Minneapolis
to contiguous territory was 6,737 tons compared
with 6,503 tons in 1911.
Holdings of Ihe Dilworth Coal Co., estimated to
be worth $1,000,000, in Greene county. Pa., are to
be sold by Sheriff White, of Greene county, to
satisfy a mortgage of $362,500 held by the Guarantee
Title & Trust Co. of Pittsburgh.
The Rockhill Iron & Coal Co. has just completed
the installation of a large haulage engine
at its mine at Robertsdale, Pa., which negotiates
a haul of 6,200 feet and is calculated to raise the
tonnage of this mine to 1,000 tons a day.
A committee of coal operators from the Connellsville
and Wheeling divisions of the Baltimore &
Ohio railroad have been promised better car service
by the railroad.
A vein of coal has been discovered near Rocky
Ford, Col. It is similar in quality to Dakota lignite
ancl is of considerable extent.
JAMES a. GEEGAN. GENERAL MANAOER F. J. MULLHOLAND SALES MANAGER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL •PHONE. 2517 COURT P 8c A 'PHONE, M 151

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE nn|/r
FOUNDRY I, IK h
CRUSHED UUIXLl
GENERAL OFFICES: - - - - GREENSBURG, PA. '%
ACME GOAL MINING COMPANY,
5 MINERS AND SHIPPERS J]
| ACME AND AVONDALE |
HIGH GRADE STEAM GOALS, !
S| MINKS, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. 3
J; SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R. 5
5 C. J. RENWICK, Sales Agent, Prudential Building, BUFFALO, N. Y. 5
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\ LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, |
i LATROBE, PA. 5
§ I
IH 1GH G RHDE ^ TEftM @^L |
I 60NNELLSYILLE e©KE. |
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APOLLO COAL CO.
5 MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF E
;j MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF ^
I APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL^
2 AND s
S JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN 5
^ COAL. |
5 GENERAL OFFICES i - GREENSBURG, PA. \
5 5
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THREE PROPERTIES CONTAIN
TOTAL OF 32,000,000 TONS OF COAL.
The discoveries of coal in Central British Columbia
include thiee properties which prove to have
32,000,000 tons, some of the seams being 15 to
20 feet thick. The value of this is enhanced by
the fact that tlie coal will be handled by gravity
as the seams outcrop on a terrace. These are
the property of the Security Coal Mines Co., Ltd..
and are located 40 miles west of Edmonton, on the
Grand Trunk Pacific railway.
Farther west, coal fields along the route of the
same road, have been found to contain 31 seams
of coking coal which also outcrops on the land.
One of the discoveries which has been partly developed
has seams 7 feet and 4 feet thick which
have yielded 6S.5 per cent, of coke in addition to
being a high grade steam and domestic coal. The
values of these coal discoveries by the Grand
Trunk Pacific cannot be estimated for its fuel
problems are solved and tne coal provided for for
fuel and gas for Ihe cities which are being created
by the railway's entrance into this primeval region
)
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
of great natural wealth, mineral, mining, timber
and agricultural. Fifty such towns have been platted
by the railway engineers and the plats soon will
be filed at Victoria. The advance guard of busi
ness houses already are taking merchandisse. tools
and materials into the region by packhorse anci
raft. The railroad construction camps have
reached Willow river, a townsite which sold out
in one week.
The coal found at Wabanuni is of a semi-bituminous
variety and has been shown by analysis
in the Provincial government laboratory and by
actual test to be of first class quality suitable for
steam purposes and for domestic use. It will be
mined by coal cutting machinery operated by compressed
air and it is anticipated an output commencing
at 100 tons per day and increasing to 1,000
tons per day will be easily obtained.
Henry E. Coffins, receiver of the Alabama Consolidated
Coal & Iron Co. has issued $100,000 in oneyear
certificates to raise money to pay back wages
and other claims.
J. H. SANFORD COAL COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
ANALYSIS :
Moisture . . . . . 153 BEST FOR STEAM AND
Fixed Carbon . . . - 56^34 DOMESTIC USES
Ash - 6.17
sulphur - - .. - - 1.79 ^ ^ ^ ,315 Park Building. PITTSBURGH.
B. T. U. per pound of Dry Coal, 13544.3
Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, Bell Phones> Grant 1822-1823—1824
Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUS
SOUTH FORK, "ARGYLE''
T
SMOKELESS
C O n A x V
PENNSYLVANIA.

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
UNITED COAL COMPANY
Miners and Shippers
QUEMAHONING
SMOKELESS
HEROME SMITHING
The very best grades Thin
Vein Second, Third and
Fourth Pool Youghiogheny
Gas
Coals.
GENERAL OFFICES :
PITTSBURGH, PA.
PRODUCTION
FOUR MILLION TONS
PER ANNUM
Branch Offices:
Baltimore, Md.
Philadelphia, Pa.
New York, N. Y.
Boston, Mass.
Detroit, Mich.
Our ownership of individual cars, together with our
large production, insures prompt attention to your
needs, and enables us to maintain our reputation of
always fulfilling our contract obligations
V
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
MIIM : CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES;
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE
Latrobe, Penna.
r

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, DECEMBER 16, 1912 No. 2
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. It. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
II. J. STRAUB, Managing Kditor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications aDd remittances to
THE COAI. TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance 'telephone 200 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
in some of the producing fields, ancl in a measure
this has been true in other sections where no hint
of the condition that exists has crept into print.
Car supply continues short, although ihe latest
report ot the association shows that there was a
decrease in the shortage of 56 cars in the fort­
night. This does not indicate any marked relief,
and the fact that railroads are adding to their
shop forces and are making every effort to get
rolling stock in shape and keep it in shape, shows
the management knows how many cars are needed.
In the Pittsburgh district there has been little
if any cessation of mining despite tne fact that
Wl.NTEi; WEATHEB CHARACTERIZES THE COAI. TRADE lake shipments have ceased. Usually something
at this time and the trade is settling down to the of this kind occurs, but not this year. The steady
conditions existing. Now that lake shipments demand for coal has kept the mines working to
have been ended, and that all tonnage sent for­ the limit of the capacity permitted by car supply,
ward is by rail, the car situation takes on added and the tonnage sent forward is not sufficiently
significance, and is likely to continue to lie one large to permit of the accumulation of any appre­
of the important factors in the trade for some ciable surplus. River mines are having the best
months to come. The clamor for coal from many of it again, as they did for a large part of the sum­
of the districts of tlie country has subsided to a
mer, as a rise in the rivers permitted of another
degree, but it is not indicative of any lessening shipment of coal to southern markets during the
of consumption, but rather results from the fact
fortnight, and this spells more opportunity to get
that the supply is catching up with the demand
craft loaded and moored in the lowest harbor
in some measure. Particularly is this true in
awaiting another rise. While product has been
anthracite, although the total tonnage for the year
in good demand and has been absorbed as fast as
is somewhat less than it was at the same time last
offered, there has been a decrease in the wild
scramble to get coal at any price, and as a result
year.
there is an increased steadiness in quotations.
Whispers are heard that there is not any too
much coal on upper lake docks for this time of
While the price card for the new year has not
year, and the steady shipments to interior dis­
been formally announced, yet the producing comtributing
and consuming centers, have roused a
panies generally are holding coal at $1.30 to $1.40
fear in some sections that the supply will not last
for run-of-mine: $1.10 to $1.50 for three-quarter
until navigation opens once more.
coal; $1.50 to $1.60 for inch and one-quarter coal
But if car
supply gets a little easier, the rail shipments are
and slack at $1.20 to $1.25.
likely to help out and thus keep things going Coke manufacturers continue to have an output
nicely.
of approximately four hundred thousand tons per
The labor supply continues to be a question in month, and there has developed a steadiness of
some of the producing fields. Newspaper accounts prices that is most satisfactory to the trade. The
of men needed have appeared from time to time firing of old plants that have been idle for some

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
years continues, and the extent to which this is
going on is limited largely by the labor and car
supply. Iron and steel interests still take all
the coke that is offered, and there is no stocking.
But, like coal, the frenzied efforts to get consump­
tion needs filled has given way to a saner view
and the fancy prices that were offered for coke
some weeks ago are more a matter of talk now
than an actuality. But at (hat makers of coke
are reaping a steady profit fiom their plants and
their product. The ruling prices just now for con­
tract coke are $2 un to $3.25 for furnace coke and
$3.50 to $3.75 for foundry coke, with some little
advances for spot coke.
In the anthracite fields the same steady output
is noticeable as has prevailed during the period
since the new wage agreement was signed, but it
is hampered to some extent by the continuance of
the petty strikes that have been a thorn in the
flesh all summer and fall. The November ship­
ments, figures for which now are available, show
a little falling off from the same period of last
year, but the total deficiency in tonnage for the
eleven months of the year is smaller than was ex­
pected earlier in tlie fall. It is probable that the
present month with its seasonable weather, will
make up the shortcomings of November. Prices
are held at winter circular, by the producing com­
panies, but dealers over the country are reducing
their prices to consumers, the decrease, like the
increase being due almost entirely to local condi­
tions.
Altogether the trade enters the closing fortnight
of the year in splendid shape.
* * *
No FAVORITISM WAS snowN by the West Yirgina
mining investigating commission in its report
made to Governor Glasscock over the conditions it
found while looking up the causes that led to the
strike in the Kanawha field. But, while the re­
port hits both operators and miners, a second read­
ing of so much of the report as is available, indi­
cates that the commission found the mine owners
far more ready to submit their cases to public
consideration than were the employes. Also it
seems from the report that the 1 miners were less
willing to submit to the stern hand of authority
than the owners. One of the phases of the report
that was noticeable was that portion bearing on
the conditions the commission found in other fields
of the state, notably the Fairmont field, where, with
the mines working open shop, conditions were
such as to call forth commendation rather than
condemnation. It will take a careful reading of
the text of the report, however, to bring out all its
points.
* * *
DEVELOPMENT OF COAL PROPERTIES GOES ON APACE.
and new mines are being opened both by corpora­
tions already shipping coal ancl by new concerns,
who hope to reap some of the benefits of the pres­
ent conditions in the coal trade. While the situa­
tion just now is all that can be desired, and con­
siderably more coal could be used, it is not alto­
gether wise to forget that the mining capacity of
Ihe country now is more than double the consum­
ing capacity', and that, if all the mines in the coun
try were to operate at their full capacity every
working day in the year it would take but a short
time to glut the market so badly that no one could
sell coal. Therefore it would seem the part of
wisdom to look carefully into the matter before
taking any steps toward new development by those
firms who are just entering the trade and have
their market yet to establish.
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS •
Prices show a tendency to steady down and stop
doing a Highland fling every time anyone tries to
purchase a car of coal.
* * *
Old King Winter has at last wakened up. and in
consequence the coal man is getting some season­
able weather.
* * *
That West Virginia mining commission didn't
take much notice where the chips were falling.
* * *
Signing the union scale doesn't always mean
working mineis. vide West Virginia.
* * *
Looks like a fat Christmas for the coal man this
year. Just about time, at that.
* * *
Now get ready to hear some surprising figures
for the year's production.
* * *
Goodbye, Mr. 1012. You have been a pretty good
scout at that.

WEST VIRGINIA COAL MINING INSTITUTE
HOLDS ANNUAL MEETING AT PARKERS­
BURG.
The annual meeting of tlie West Virginia Coal
Mining Institute convened at Parkersburg, W. Va.,
Dec. 10. The first business of the session was the
election of officers, which resulted as follows:
President, Neil Robinson, Charleston; secretarytreasurer,
E. N. Zern, Morgantown; first vice president,
George T. Watson, Fairmont; second vice
president, John Laing, Charleston; third vice president,
R. S. Orr, Langraff; fourth vice president,
O. F. Hiehle, Elkins; fifth vice president, J. C. Mc­
Kinley, Wheeling.
Members of Executive Committee—Lee Ott,
Thomas; K. C. R. Jones, Morgantown; J. J. Lincoln,
Elkins; Daniel Hollar, Clarksburg.
This was followed by a discussion on the proposition
to change the constitution so as to provide
for one meeting annually, instead of winter and
summer meetings, as now is the custom.
President Frank Haas delivered his annual address,
his topic being "Conservation in West Virginia."
President Haas is consulting engineer ot
the Consolidation Coal Co. at Fairmont, and has
given especial study to the conservation idea, so
that his address was full of suggestive helpfulness,
and was entirely constructive in its nature.
Tuesday evening's session was characterized by
two addresses and a moving picture show. .1. C.
Gaskill, assistant consulting engineer of the Consolidation
Coal Co., read a fine paper on Common
Sense Mine Ventilation for the Saving of Horse
Power in Operation of Mine Fans, and Dr. J. E.
Beebe spoke on The Value of Organization. The
moving picture show was the Westinghouse interests
in East Pittsburgh, with explanatory remarks
by W. W. Slocum. Another film shown was furnished
by the Bureau of Mines.
Wednesday's sessions were devoted to business
strictly, five papers being on the morning and afternoon
programs. These were: The New Leader,
by Josiah Kealey, superintendent the Consolidation
Coal Co., Fairmont; Notes on Some Mine Gas
Problems, bv G. A. Burrell, Bureau of Mines, Pittslmrgli;
Relation of Forestry to Coal Mining. H. A.
Williamson, secretary engineering department the
Consolidation Coal Co., Fairmont; The Progress
Made by the Department of Mining Engineering at
West Virginia University, C. R. Jones, dean of the
College of Engineering, West Virginia University;
and a paper by Sim Reynolds, chief mine inspector,
\V. J. Rainey, Mt. Braddock. Pa.
A number cf entertainment features were provided
by the Parkersburg Board of Commerce and
were announced at the meetings, so as not to con­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
flict in any way with the business programs that
had been prepared.
The gathering was also characterized by a Ko­
Koal koruskation Tuesday night, Imperial Gazook
Dan Howard in charge, assisted by the five West
Virginia Skouts—T. W. Arnett, for Fairmont region;
L. E. Armentrout, for the Pocahontas region;
J. W. Heron, for the Kanawha region; E. F. Fuller
for Western West Virginia; Richard Gertstell, Jr.,
for Grafton region; J. Ray Quinn, for Clarksburg
region; A. W. Pruitt, for New River field; R. B.
Isner, for Elkins region; J. C. McKinley, for Wheeling
region.
An invitation was presented through .1. C. Mc­
Kinley that the summer meeting be held during
the week of June 20, 1913, at Wheeling, synchronously
with the semi-centennial celebration of the
organization of West Virginia. A proposition to have
district institutes organized in various sections ot
the state, to meet monthly, was deemed impracticable,
however desirable, and this matter was
dropped. A revision of the constitution was referred
to the executive committee, which was authorized
to act and instructed to report a revision
at the next meeting.
KENTUCKY MINING INSTITUTE
MEETING BIG SUCCESS.
The winter meeting of the Kentucky Mining Institute
at Lexington, Ky., Dec. 9, was the best
attended meeting ever yet held by the association.
and was characterized by the undivided attention
of all to the many features which made it interesting.
The recent first aid contest in that state showed
what sort of progress is being made in that direction.
The variety of papers at the institute and
the live character of the topics evidence that this
progress extends in all other directions. Among
these papers were the following, each of which
was intelligently discussed:
"Forestry as Related to Mining," by Frank D.
Rash, president of the institute; "The Hazard Relation
of All Vocations to That of Mining," by
Hywell Davies; "Preparation of Domestic Coal,"
by J. W. Rogers, superintendent of mines for the
Consolidation Coal Co.; "The Successful Foreman
from Four Points of View," by H. LaVaere, manager
of the Northeast Coal Co.; "First Aid Work,"
by W. L. Moss, general manager of the Continental
Coal Co.; "Hook Worm," by Dr. J. W. Pryor, State
University of Kentucky.
In addition to the many evidences of welcome
extended by the good people of the typical old
blue-grass city, old but very much alive and awake,
there was a "smoker" to conclude the visit, and
the discussions were continued as the "smoker"
progressed to its happy end.

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
KANAWHA COAL OPERATORS APPEAL TO
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISION.
The following statement of grievances by inde­
pendent coal operators to the Interstate Commerce
Commission is self-explanatory:
"Charleston, W. Va., Dec. 5. 1912.
"Interstate Commerce Commission,
"Washington. D. C.
"Gentlemen:—On November 9, the executive com­
mittee of the Kanawha Coal Operators' Associa­
tion, which is composed of most of the coal opera­
tors in this distiict, met at Charleston, and ap­
pointed Col. E. O. Dana and J. W. Dawson, a com­
mittee, which was instructed to appeal to your
honorable commission lor relief from the intoler­
able conditions existing on the Kanawha & Michi­
gan railway, resulting from the lack of cars in
which to ship coal.
"A collective investment of millions of dollars is
being sacrificed and thousands of ecal mineis idle.
resulting in them and their families suffering for
want of the necessaries ot life, and the consumers
of coal likewise suffering for coal on account of a
condition that could and should he remedied by the
railroad. And, if remedied, the railroad itself
would receive greater profits and benefits over and
above what it now enjoys.
"The coal operators are not only earning no returns
on their investments, but are facing early-
bankruptcy, for the reason that a large coal mine,
or any other industrial plant necessarily has very-
heavy fixed charged and overhead expenses in proportion
to its normal capacity. Therefore, when
a coal mine is furnished only enough cars to en­
able it to operate only 30 per cent, or 40 per cent.
of working time, the overhead charges add a heavy
cost to the small production. That loss is sus­
tained from operation even if tlie consumer pays
more for the coal.
"Again, a. coal mine cannot, as a rule, be oper­
ated profitably without low priced contracts to take
care of 30 or 40 per cent, of its tonnage, expect­
ing to make its profit on the remaining 50 per cent.
or 60 per cent, of its product, marketing it transiently.
Then, if it receives onlv 40 per cent.
of the cars required, it carnot possibly earn a
profit on investment.
"As a concrete example, the Kellys Creek Col­
liery Co.. with an investment of about $500,OoO and
with more orders on its books than it could fill, re­
ceived for loading only five hundred and sixty-
three (563) cars during the months of Octolier and
November, when it could have loaded about fifteen
hundred (1500) cars. These five hundred and
sixty-three cars were loaded with coal, all of which
was sold at low prices before October 1st, and the
mine not receiving a greater number of empties
prevented its taking advantage of market condi­
tions as they improved as the winter advanced, which
in turn resulted in the entire plant being operated
without any profit, not even to cover interest on
the investment. But. had the mine been fur­
nished cars for most, or all of its product, it would
have been able to have made a net profit of $12,000,
or $14,000, during the two months, which is about
a fair example of the conditions in which otner
mines in the valley have found themselves.
"From the various hearings before your commis­
sion, it has doubtless been convinced of the im­
proper relations and community of interest that
ha\e for years and does still exist between the
Xew York Central Railway Co., tbe T. & O. C.
Railway Co., the Kanawha & .Michigan Railway
Co., the Hocking Valley Railway Co., the Chesa­
peake & Ohio Railway Co., and the Sunday Creek
Ccal Co., which community of interests or com­
bination, lias resulted in very great hardships and
losses to the independent coa! operators along the
Kanawha & Michigan railway.
"When this combination of railroads, and coal
company, was some months past prosecuted by your
honorable commission for its past sins the strong­
est plea and only defense made by the combination
and offered before your commissioner, was
that the combination may have sinned during the
past, but that it was then good and there were no
grounds at that time for complaints or prosecu­
tions, which was true.
"But. during the healings and investigations be­
fore your commission, the Hocking Valley railway.
the Chesapeake & Ohio railway, and the T. & O. C.
railway, caused to be furnished to the Kanawha &
Michigan railway sufficient cars not owned by the
Kanawha & Michigan railway, to properly handle
its business and thus keep down complaint and
criticism during your investigations.
"These other roads mentioned controlling the
Kanawha & Michigan railway, not allowing its
officers to purchase equipment of its own to take
proper care of business on its line.
"But, since the hearings and prosecutions by
your commission and the State of Ohio have tei-
minated. the New York Central railway and Hock­
ing Valley railway says to the Kanawha & Michigan
railway:
" 'Now, you cannot have our cars for your business,
you must use your own cars.'
"Know ing at the time that the Kanawha & Michi­
gan railway has not more than 30 per cent, or 40
per cent, of cars of its own necessary to take care
of its business. And at the same time, those
dominating interests will not allow the Kanawha
& Michigan railway to purchase sufficient cars foi
its business, to the end that the Chesapeake & Ohio
railway and Hocking Valley railway may use the
I CONTINUED ON PAGE 58)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
WEST VIRGINIA MINING INVESTIGATING COMMISSION REPORT
The West Virginia Mining Investigation Commission,
appointed by Gov. Wm. E. Glasscock, to
investigate conditions in the mining sections of
the state, made its report to the Governor, Dec. 3.
The commission sums up the result of its investigations
in the strike zone in eleven points, as follows:
First: That every man has a right to quit his
employment and seek other work for any grievance
he may have; but
Second: He has absolutely no right to obstruct,
molest, threaten or otherwise prevent another man
from taking the position he has of his own accord
abandoned.
Third: Labor has the right to organize for its
benefits, etc., and to have recognition of such organization;
but
Fourth: Its organization has no right to coerce
anyone to become affiliated with it; nor to assault
anyone not desiring to become a member; nor to
destroy property; nor to violate its contract.
Fifth: That in many instances an overcharge
ranging from ten to twenty-live per cent, is made
at company stores, which has made the lot of the
miner hard in the extreme.
Sixth: That there is evidence of non-fulfillment
of the law relating to checkweighmen.
Seventh: That the miners are clearly in the
wrong in resorting to threats of violence against
those who work on terms which they reject.
Eighth: The miners are culpable in seeking to
destroy company property.
Ninth: That the effort tc inflame the public
mind by wild speeches is to be condemned with
emphasis.
Tenth: That it is "imperatively necessary" that
the hands of the Governor be strengthened so that
he may compel local peace officers to perform their
duty.
Eleventh: That the guard system as formerly
maintained on the two creeks is "vicious and bad."
The commission recommends a workmen's compensation
act. a law^ similar to the Canadian Industrial
Disputes Act, a law
LIMITING THE EMPLOYMENT
of private guards, and the carrying of firearms.
The commission consisted of Bishop P. J. Donahue,
of Wheeling; Capt. Samuel L. Walker, of Fayetteville,
and State Tax Commissioner Fred O.
Blue. The report is exhaustive, covering all
phases of mining conditions, and is accompanied
by several thousand pages of testimony taken.
The report shows that the members of the commission
found both sides in the strike zone open
to adverse criticism. That the main cause of the
industrial troubles on Paint and Cabin creeks was
the attempt of the United Mine Workers of America
to organize tiie union in the whole chain of
plants along the two creeks is the opinion of the
commission. The report intimates that operators
of the four competitive states of Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois are "hand and glove"
in the attempt to organize the West Virginia fields.
though no direct evidence could be obtained on this
point. And on account of the differential in
freight rates between West Virginia and the four
competitive states the commission questions the
advisability of the operators of West Virginia
recognizing the union on the same basis as in the
other states. Rather local agreements should he
made.
Local peace officers are scored for being lax in
the enforcement of laws and a strong recommendation
is made that the Governor be given more authority
to compel them to do their duty.
While the report points out that the guard system
is vicious, yet recommending that bonded
watchmen be allowed, that in many instances the
living conditions of the miners are bad, that exorbitant
prices are charged at some company stores,
that there is some evidence of blacklisting by
operators and that the system of docking for impurities
in coal is bad, the wage seal prevailing
in West Virginia, and especially in the strike region
is above the average. It is pointed
out that in many instances West Virginia miners
ha\e been able to purchase farms or go into business
for themselves as a result of their savings.
Because of geographical location and freight differentials
the report in effect recommends that tiie
miners be allowed to organize but that terms be
made wholly independent of the dictation of operators
of competitive states or other outside influences;
that tlie miners' organization make some
fixed standard for membership and put forth every
effort 10 raise the efficiency of its members, thereuy
tending to create a skilled class of laborers so that
the operators will he glad to recognize it; that attempts
to coerce men to join the organization by
means of threats be abandoned; in effect, make the
organization one which will demand an observance
of law and order and one which can show such
merit that the operator will demand men belonging
to it.
That most gratifying conditions were found in
the Fairmont, and Pocahontas fields is stated in the
report.
Continuing the report says:
"It is impossible not to recognize the merit of,
and to sympathize with, many of the contend-

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tions on both sides of this unhappy quarrel. Most
assuredly each party believes unreservedly in the
justice of its claims. It is in the attempted en­
forcement of them that each has
PASSED THE LIMITS
of justice to say nothing of Christian charity and
broad humanity. Two facts loom big over tlie
smaller ones developed in this bulk of testimony—
the desperate efforts and often unwarranted and
unlawful acts of the United Miners to force the
union into the disturbed districts, and the equally-
desperate, unwarranted and unlawful acts of the
operators and their agents to keep the union out.
Thus, for months before the actual break, union
agitators, many of them strangers, attempted to
invade Paint creek and Cabin creek to persuade
the miners to join the union. They called meet­
ings of the workers and described to ihem the hard­
ships and injustices of their lot and the oppression
under which they suffered. The wildesi theories
concerning the rights of property and the means
of production were propounded, and advocated, and
doctrines closely verging upon anarchy were up­
held with such effect that men, who before were
living peaceably and in comparative prosperity,
purchased Winchesters, revolvers, blackjacks and
other murderous weaopns to shoot down the coal
'barons' and their myrmidons.
"Mild-eyes men, seventy-five per cent, of them
with usually cool Anglo Saxon blood in their veins
and with instincts leaning to law and order in­
herited down through the centuries, gradually saw-
red, and with minds bent on havoc and slaughter
marched from union districts across the river like
Hougheslon, Cannelton and Boomer, pati oiled the
woods overhanging the creek bed and the mining
plants, finally massing on tbe ridges at tiie head­
waters and arranging a march to sweep down
Cabin creek and destroy everything before then:
to the junction.
"Meanwhile the operators hurried in over a hundred
guards heavily armed, purchased several
machine guns and many thousands of rounds of
ammunition. Several murders were perpetrated
and all who could, got away; men, women and
children fled in terror and many hid in cellars and
caves. If ever there was a case for
SOME STRONG MEASURE
like martial law, the conditions prevailing
on Monday, Sept, 2, 1912, the eve of the procla­
mation, presented it. In fact, in the opinion of
expert witnesses on the scene, martial law, and
martial law alone, was the only measure lo meet
the desperate situation."
The report takes a most severe rap at the local
peace officers, declaring that they utterly failed to
do their duty, and recommending that the Governor
lie given more authority over such officers. Tbe
report says:
"We cannot refrain in this connection from re
cording our judgment, based on the whole trend
of tbe evidence, that the local peace officers of
the disturbed regions have, during the strike and
many months before, exhibited a woeful lack of
resolution and energy in enforcing law and order.
The dereliction ol duty crops out repeatedly in the
course of our investigations—in fact all of those
upon whom, locally, rested tne duty of maintain­
ing the peace ancl enforcing law and order have
utterly failed to do so. Had they in the begin­
ning taken a determined stand with public opinion
at their back, much of the disorder ancl bloodshed
might, in our opinion, have been avoided. But
men were assaulted in open clay in tbe presence
of dozens of witnesses, profanity filled the air, arms
were carried at will, mobs organized, houses rid­
dled with shots and but the feeblest efforts put
forth by tlie local officers to quell the :'ising tide
of turbulence and law breaking. Few arrests were
made and fewer warrants issued; justice, swift
ancl sure, oveitook hardly any offenders till at
length cowardly thugs, waxing bold by this quasi-
connivance, went up and down the districts gather­
ing others about them to the number of a thousand,
as on the eve of the proclamation of martial
law, and spreading terror through the countryside.
"The vast majority ol our citizenship have no
direct interest in these quarrels. Not more than
approximately fifteen thousand out of the fourteen
hundred thousand in the state are directly in this
fight. But many hundreds of
.MEN I.N THE STATE
militia have beeii debarred for months, some with
great pecuniary loss, lrom pursuing their share
of the hundreds ot thousands of dollars which the
state has expended in preserving law and order.
"We are accordingly strongly of the opinion
that there should, by proper enactment, be vested
in the Governors of the state the power, made as
plenary as our constitutional safeguards will per­
mit, of removing or at 'east suspending all officers
charged with the duty of preserving- peace and
enforcing law and order who refuse or neglect,
through apathy or fear or favor or other considera­
tion whatsoever, to exercise the powers with which
they are clothed and take a stern and uncom­
promising stand for the enforcement of the law."
Speaking of the methods employed by union
officials in attempting to organize the strike-ridden
district, the report says:
"There is abundant evidence before us that a
reign of terror was attempted to be organized in
the strike district and outside of it. It is true
that the officers of tlie United Mine Workers pro­
fessed to counsel moderation and a strict ohserv-

ance of law ;md order on various occasions, but
there is testimony tending strongly to show that
harangues delivered in public, and of which stenographic
reports have been submitted as exhibits,
incited the miners to violence and in some cases
to murder. These harangues were in some instances
delivered in the presence of officers of the
United Mine Workers' Association lrom platforms
upon which they stood and from which they too
spoke: but the murderous and anarchistic utterances
referred to were never disclaimed or disapproved
by them either at tbe time or suosequent
to their delivery. Furthermore, there is
some evidence tending to show that officers stood
by without interfering or protesting while nonunion
men were brutally beaten.
"Again, the warning to other miners from outside
not to come into tbe strike region, published
for many weeks in their local organ, and also
filed as an exhibit, and amounting in effect to a
grave threat, throws a strong light on the actual
situation. We fear that tbe net results of the
action and utterances of those acting and speaking
under the apparent sanction and approval o f
the officers of the United Mine Workers was to
foment bitter feeling and to incite to serious
breaches of the peace. In all this, even granting
that they were not acting against
ANY EXPRESS LAW
set down in the statute books, yet they were acting
against the fundamental principles of right
and justice.
"We are of the opinion, in view of the recent
deplorable happenings in this state, that some statute
should be enacted making more comprehensive
and more drastic the law against acts and declarations
tending to incite riot, tumult, breach of the
peace, injury to person and destruction of prop
erty, with suitable prevision for speedy enforcement
thereof."
The commission incorporates a proposed measure
in its report covering this ground. The text
of the bill, which the commission recommends
be introduced into the next session of the legislature,
is:
A bill providing additional remedies to preserve
the peace, by prohibiting the employment of private
guards, and authorizing the appointment by
the governor of special police, prescribing the
method of their appointment, their duties, their
removal and their liabilities; and by forbidding
carrying of firearms and other dangerous weapons
on certain properties, and prescribing penalties
for any violation hereof.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:
Sec. 1. It shall be unlawful lor any person,
firm, company or corporation, except as in this
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
section hereinafter provided, lo engage or employ,
or retain in employment, any armed person to do
or perform police or patrol duty of any sort in
this state. Provided, this act shall not apply to
or prevent any public officer of the state, wdio is
by law a police officer, from performing the duties
of his office, imt it shall be unlawful for such
public officer to accept employment, and it shall
be unlawful for any person, firm, company or corporation
to employ such public officer to perform
police duty. Provided, further, that any person,
fnm, company or corporation owning property in
this state may apply to the governor to appoint
a citizen or citizens of this state of good moral
character to act as special police officers for such
person, firm, company or corporation, and the governor
may upon such application appoint and commission
such person or persons, or so many ol
them as he may deem proper as such
POLICE OFFICERS.
Every officer so appointed shall appear before some
person authorized to administer oaths and take
and subscribe to the oath prescribed in the 5th
section of the 4th article of the Constitution, ancl
shall file such oath with the clerk of the county
court, or other tribunal established in lieu thereof,
of the county in which he resides and in the office
of the Secretary of State. He shall also fiie a
certified copy of such oath in the office of the clerk
of the county court, or such otiier tribunal established
in lieu thereof, of any county in which, byvirtue
of employment, he will engage in such
police or patrol duty. The governor shall prescribe
suitable badge or uniform or both to be
worn by such police officers, and no such officer
shall enter upon bis duties until he has provided,
at his expense, or expense of his employer, the
badge or uniform prescribed; the badge or uniform
so prescribed shall be alike throughout the
state and be worn by the police officer at all times
he is on duty. Before he shall be authorized to
perforin any duties by reason of his appointment
he shall enter into and acknowledge bond in the
penalty of $5,000.00 before the clerk of the county
court of the county in which he resides, with security
approved by such clerk, conditional for the
faithful performance of his duties as such officer,
and said officer and the sureties upon said bond
shall be liable to any person injured or damaged
by any unlawful act of such officer. Every police
officer appointed under the provisions of this act
shall be a conservator of the peace within the
county in which he shall perform police duty,
and in addition thereto he shall possess and mayexercise
all the power and authority and shall be
entitled to all the rights and privileges ancl immunities
within such counties as are now, or may
hereafter be, vested in a regularly elected constable.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The said commission shall not authorize the said
police officer to carry any deadly weapon for which
a license is required, until licensed so to do by the
circuit court, as provided by law. Ancl the gov­
ernor may limit the right to carry any deadly-
weapon by such special police officer to such places,
or to such places ancl such
PARTS OF THE PROPER! V
of the person, firm, company or corporation, on
whose application he was appointed as to him may
seem best. Any appointment made by the gov­
ernor under the provisions of this act may be sum­
marily revoked by him whenever in his opinion
good cause has been shown therefor. And such
police officer may be removed from office for official
misconduct, incompetence, habitual drunkenness,
neglect of duty, gross immorality, or abuse of
power in the same manner in which regularly
elected or appointed constables may be removed
from office. Notice of such revocation or removal
shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of State
and in the office of the clerk of the county court
or other tribunal established in lieu thereof of
the county in which such special police officer is
employed, and after such revocation or removal
and notice thereof is filed, as aforesaid, the powers
of such police officer as such shall cease. And
whenever any such person, firm, company or cor­
poration shall desire to dispense with the services
of any such police officer, notice to that effect shall
be filed in the office of the Secretary of State and
in the several offices in which the oath or certified
copy thereof is filed, and thereupon the appoint­
ment and powers of such police officer shall cease.
The person, firm, company or corporation at whose
instance the appointment is made, shall pay tiie
compensation for the service of such special police
officer. Any person, firm, company or corporation
employing a special police officer under the provi
sions of this act shall be liable for all damages
to any person who has been injured in his person,
property, character, business, trade or calling, or
whose liberty has been illegally restrained, by-
reason of the unlaw ful act of such police officei
and in addition thereto shall be liable for such puni­
tive damages as the jury may assess, not to exceed
five thousand dollars.
Sec. 2. Any person, firm, company or corpora­
tion, whether employer or employe, who shall vio­
late any of the provisions of the foregoing section
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon con­
viction thereof, other than a corporation, shall be
punished by a fine of not less than $50.00 nor more
than $250.00, and imprisonment in the county jail
not less than six nor
MORE THAN TWELVE MONTHS.
Any corporation guilty of violating this act shall
he punished by a fine of not less than $500.00 nor
more than $5,000.00, and the individual officer or
agent of such corporation acting for it in the vio­
lation of the foregoing section shall be punished
as herein provided for the punishment of a person
other than a corporation violating this act. Tne
jurisdiction to try all offenses herein uprovided for
is hereby vested in the criminal or circuit court
(having criminal jurisdiction) of the county in
whieli the offense shall have been committed.
Sec. 5. It shall be unlawful, in the absence of
statutory authority, for any company, or assembly
of persons, not officers, whether with or without
license, to carry five arms or deadly weapons of
any kind upon the lands of another without the
owner's consent or upon any of the public roads or
highways of the state or upon the streets of any
municipality. Any person violating any of the
provisions of this section shall be guilty of a mis­
demeanor, and upon conviction thereof be confined
in the county jail not less than six nor more than
twelve months and be fined not less than fifty nor
more than one hundred dollars. A company or as­
sembly of persons, within the meaning of this sec­
tion shall consist of fn e cr more acting and con­
sorting together.
Dec. 9 tbe military court resumed its sessions,
half a dozen alleged violators ol the law having
I een caught by the provost marshal.
Dec. 2 Gov. Glasscock approved the finding of the
court in four cases: Angelo Billette ancl Rook
Spinelle, charged with conspiracy and assault upon
Felix Salmon, at Cabin Creek Junction, were sen­
tenced to five years each in the stale penitentiary
as was New Gump, charged with assault upon William
Harris at Paint Creek Junction.
Dec. 9 the- governor approved the finding of the
court in sentencing Lawrence Cepreant to se\en
ancl one-half years in the penitentitry tor perjury.
Several jail sentences imposed by the provost court
were approved.
ENGLISH LABOR LEADERS SAY
STRIKE IS TO BE ABANDONED.
Robeit Smilie, president ot the British Coal
Miners' Federation, told the Chicago Federation
of Labor Dec. 1, that nationalization of the coal
mines unci railroads of Great Britain was now the
object of English labor unions.
"The coal strike and the railroad strike taught
us that though wc might put the machinery of the
United Kingdom out of business, it was our wives
and. children who suffered." he said. "We have
decided to change our tactics and work to have the
control of national necessities taken out of the
hands of private individuals."
District of Columbia Skout W. W. Griffith was
instrumental in holding a koruskation at Washing­
ton, Dec. 12, at which a class of 30 was initiated.

THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE
COMMISSION MAKES NEW DIVISION.
The Interstate Commerce Commission has
adopted a modification of its former territorial
grouping, and now recognizes three "districts"
called respectively the Eastern, Southern and Western
Districts. The three districts may now be
defined substantially as follows:
The Eastern district comprises that portion of
the United States bounded on the west by the
northern and western shores of Lake Michigan to
Chicago, thence by a line to Peoria, thence to
East St. Louis, thence down the Mississippi river
to the mouth of the Ohio river, and on the south
by the Ohio river from its mouth to Parkersburg,
West Virginia, thence by a line to the southwestern
corner of Maryland, thence by the Potomac
river to its mouth.
The Southern district comprises that portion of
the United States bounded on the north by the
Eastern district and on the west by the Mississippi
river.
The remainder of the United States, exclusive of
Alaska and of island possessions, is included in
the Western district.
NEW DEMURRAGE RULES ADOPTED.
The Western Trunk Line Association, made up
of railroads running from Chicago to the Missouri
river, has promulgated a new set of demurrage
rules containing a new and drastic clause on the
reconsignment of coal.
The new rule provides that the first reconsignment
of a car of coal will be free providing the
reconsignment order is received before the cai
arrives at tbe destination to which it originally
was billed. If, however, the reconsigning ordei
arrives after the car has reached its original destination
then the railroads will charge $2 for reconsignment.
On second reconsignment of any
car, no matter whether the reconsigning order was
received before or after the car ariives at the second
destination, the charge is to be $3 a car. On
the third reconsignment the railroads will insist
that the coal shall move at a combination of the
local rates instead of at the through rates.
Mr. Thomas K. Maher, vice president and general
manager of the Belmont Coal Mining Co., has purchased
a controlling interest in the company, which
was held by Capt. Alfred Hicks and associates.
The company owns 7,100 acres of coal. The purchase
of this interest includes a one-half interest
in the Ashland Coal & Dock Co. at Ashland, Wis.
The general office of tbe company will be moved
from Pittsburgh to Cleveland, 0.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
W. B. DICKSON, FORMER VICE PRESIDENT
OF THE STEEL CORPORATION, BECOMES
PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL
STEAM PUMP COMPANY.
Mr. W. B. Dickson has become president of the
International Steam Pump Co., to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of Mr. Benjamin Guggenheim,
who lost his life en the Titanic. Mr. Dickson
is well and favorably known in industrial affairs
as former vice president of the United States Steel
Corporation. His headquarters will be in New-
York".
William Brown Dickson was born in Pittsburgh
on Nov. 6, 1885, the son of John ancl Mary A.
(McConnel) Dickson. He was educated in the
public schools of Pittsburgh, Pa. At an early
age he went to work and in 1S81 secured employment
at the Homestead Steel Works which had
just been built ancl placed in operation. Alter
several years passed at manual labor in the mills,
UK. W. I!. DICKSON.
he was transferred to the office; acting at first in
a clerical capacity and subsequently receiving
rapid promotion through various grades up to that
of assistant to president, and managing director
of tbe Carnegie Steel Co. Mr. Dickson became a
junior partner in the Carnegie Steel Co., Ltd., in
1S99. On the formation of the United States Steel
Corporation in 1901, he accompanied Mr. C. M
Schwab to New York as assistant to the president
of the United States Steel Corporation and later
was elected a vice president of that corporation,
which position he held until May 1, 1911, when
he resigned in order to retire from active business.
Mr. Dickson was elected president of the International
Steam Pump Co. on Nov. 19, 1912. Those
who are familiar with Mr. Dickson's record in the
steel industry do not hesitate to say that the International
Steam Pump Co. made a wise selection.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
) FIRST AID WORK IN KENTUCKY MINES ¥ ( (
) By White L. Moss. Vice President and General Manager of the Continental Coal Corporation, Pineville, Ky. ]
It is my earnest desire in reading this paper the purpose of teaching the use of the helmet and
on First Aid, to interest if possible tne other coal other mine rescue apparatus and giving instrucmining
companies of Kentucky in First Aid to the tions in First Aid to the Injured. While the min
Injured; so far as I know there is only one other ers in this section were very much interested in
company in the state having Fiist Aid teams, that the mine rescue apparatus, they were doubly incompany
being the Stearns Coal & Lumber Co. of terested in the instructions and demonstrations of
Stearns, Ky. First Aid work. After the mine rescue car left
It has only been a short time ago in the mines tnis district, we began, through our physicians, the
of the Continental Coal Corpoiation, and is still organization of classes at each mine and, with
being practiced by a large majority of the other the physician as instructor, began earnestly to
coal mining plants of Kentucky with which I am Push the work - The necessary books of instruclamiliar,
for the injured miner to be dragged out tions and First Aid outfits were obtained from the
of tbe mine, rolled up in brattice cloth or some Red Cross Society at Washington, and upon the
dirty clothes, his injured parts covered with dirty organization of these classes the announcement
handkerchiefs or any other old piece of cloth avail- was ma(ie tllat fll e company would issue diplomas
able, ancl if there were any cuts or bruises they
t0 those completing the course and taking part in
were frequently plastered with fresh quids of to- tllP contest to be held at a later date, at which
bacco. Very frequently- some of the cuts severed contest prizes of gold and medals would be offered
an artery, in which event the man often bled to for tlle team making the best average. This
death before the doctor could be gotten into the contest was held a little later in Pineville, Ky.,
mine. No special care was given broken bones, and over 3 - 000 People attended same. J. W. Paul
and generally their first thought was to give the of t! - e Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh: J. N. MeCorinjured
man a big drink of whiskey; the last mi( 'k, Secretary of State Board of Health, Bowlnamed
article given with a view of easing his pain
in 8 Green, and Dr. J. S. Lock, State Sanitary Inuntil
the mine physician arrived. With us, con- spector, Barbourville, acting as judges. The conditions
are entirely different now We have at lests Performed were as follows:
the present time 70 men out of tne 1,800 on om Event No. 1: Man unconscious from gas or elecpay
roll who have been given diplomas for being tric shock.—Remove from wire: perform artificial
proficient in First Aid work. respiration for one minute.
Each one of these men is furnished with a Event No ' 2: Sma11 injuries.—Dress wound of
pocket First Aid outfit which he is supposed to nght lem P le - Dress wound on Pack of left hand.
keep with him in the mine at all times Large Apply torni 1 uet I01 ' severe hemorrhages of left
First Aid outfits called "Industrial" are kept at leg bel0W kuee ' and arm '
all of the mines, generally at a point near the por- Ev0nt No ' 3: Compound fracture below elbow
tal, and up to date stretchers are kept outside and 0l nght arm -—Control bleeding; dress wound; apinside
of the mines so that now, no matter in what ply S1 " intS: dress com Plete.
part of the mine, inside or outside, an accident Event N a ' 1: Man injured, small fracture of
may occur there are trained men who can properly left leg below knee -~ A l>ldy splints; make stretcher
take care of the man who is injured until the 0t tW0 r0ats and two mille drills: P lace injured
arrival of the doctor. Immediately after he is man 0n stretcher an(1 carry 50 feet.
gotten outside and the mine physician has taken The followin S" penalties were decided upon:
charge of him, he is conveyed by special train improper control of team 15c/,
when necessary, by regular train otherwise, to our Failure to reduce shock 15%
hospital at Pineville, where he may be properly Failure to observe aseptic precautions 5%
looked after at all times. A little later I will Failure to stop bleeding 150^
tell you of some work performed by the members Appearance of team 5%
of our First Aid teams. Improper sequence in rendering first aid 10%
The United States Bureau of Mines is entitled Careless handling of broken bones tf%
to the credit for the beginning of First Aid work in rime 5%
Southeastern Kentucky. In the spring of 1911 the Failllre of rescuer to protect himself 5%
Bureau of Mines sent one of their mine rescue cars rm Proper application of splints 10%
into the coal fields of Southeastern Kentucky for At lhis Point let me state that it is our intention
in the future to follow as nearly as possible
"Paper read at the Mid-Winter Session of the Kentucky rho ,.„1, „„-! j = „ . . . .
Mining Institute, December 9. 1912. at Lexington, Ky.
lliL 1Uleb anCl discounts adopted at the National

First Aid Conference held in Pittsburgh by the
Bureau ol Mines last October. I understand that
the complete proceedings of the meeting will be
published as a bulletin by the Bureau of Mines,
and every operator that expects to enter a First
Aid team in our contest should obtain a copy of
the bulletin, which can be had upon application
to the Bureau of Mines, Washington.
The work performed by our First Aid men was
warmly praised by the judges, but the people who
were the most surprised and gratified were the
doctors not connected with the Coal company, ancl
at this point let me impress upon the physicians
the fact that First Aid does not in any way take
the place of the puysician, but is only for the purpose
of properly taking cure of the injured man
until the arrival of the mine physician, and the
proper handling of tbe injured man until the arrival
of the physician is in a great many cases oi
paramount importance to the doctor in the saving
the man's life.
Conditions around mines are about the same generally,
and there are no mines where accidents do
not occur. Tbe Continental Coal Corporation has
saved in the past 12 months 25 times the amount
invested and spent in First Aid work, and incidentally,
increased the respect of the employes tor
the company.
Let me give you a few examples of the way injured
men are handled where First Aid is practiced
and where it is not.
No. 1 : A miner went back too soon after he
had fired a shot in his entry. His helper who
came in a short time afterwards found him lying
across the track unconscmious. A driver who was
close by and a miner, both of whom were members
of the First Aid team at the mine, carried him to
a side track and performed artificial respiration
for about six minutes, alter which tne injured man
walked to his home without assistance.
No. 2: A laborer ditching in the mine forgot
about the electric wire over his head, and laising
up, he was knocked unconscious. This man was
under ground about 5,000 feet, ancl it was found
out later that the mine physician had been called
to the country about three miles away, and could
not have been recalled under one hour. The
foreman and a motor man, both members of the
First Aid team, carried the man to a side track
and gave him artificial respiration for about five
minutes, and the injured man was able to walk
home alone.
No. 3: A track man stepped to one side to allow
a loaded trip to pass yhen one of the cars wrecked,
catching his leg between the end of the car and
the side of the entry, breaking the bone. He was
promptly attended to by the mine foreman and a
miner, both members ot the First Aid team, who
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
reduced the fracture and applied regular dressing.
The pain was immediately relieved and he *as
removed to the hospital three miles distant. This
happened a short time ago and attracted so much
attention on account of the good work done tiiat
one ot our leading surgeons wiote ire under date oi
November 29, as follows:
"A short time ago Mr oi Cary mine
sustained a fracture below Ihe knee. A First Aid
man put on tlie Fiist Aid dressings, which relievea
the pain at once, and lie was removed to the Continental
Miners' Hospital where Dr. Haston and
myself attended him. It was indeed a great relief
to the injured man, and I want to tell you
that we bated to remove the splints, it was sucn a
good job. I was sure you would like to know
about this nice piece of First Aid work.
Respectfully,
"B. E. CiANiN.M, Mine Surgeon."
1 have quoted lrom the doctor's letter to show
the character of work done by First Aid men as
viewed by the doctor, and incidentally to show
it is of great assistance to tbe mine physician to
have such help at each mine, and of untold benefit
lo the injured man.
No. 4: A miner heard the slate beginning to
tall above him and jumped fiom under it, but not
in time to prevent a sharp corner from striking
him ir. the left temple, cutting the artery at that
point. He was under ground about 3,000 feet,
and the doctor's office about a mile from the mine.
He was attended to promptly by one of the members
of First Aid team and the necessary dressings
applied. He was able to walk home alone, none
the worse- tor the accident outside of the loss of
a little blood, and did not realize his danger until
the mine physician told him some time later that
but for the application of First Aid dressings he
would have bled to death before the doctor could
have gotten to him.
The Other Side: Recently at one of the mines
in this section an 18-year old boy had his arm
mashed between the motor and cars. If anv First
Aid man had been present, in or around (he mines,
this boy's life could have been saved. As it was,
before the doctor could get up the mountain and
into the mine, he had lost so much blood that he
died the following morning.
It does not take a smart man in this day and
time to know that his company is making money
in saving the lives of its employes. This is a
progressive period and Kentucky must keep step
in the procession in not only up-to-date machinery
and the like, but also with the modern idea that a
laborer is due more than mere wages. First Aid
is one of the progressive ideas, and while it has
been used to a large extent in the eastern coal
fields of the United States and to some extent in

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the westein coal fields, principally Colorado, it
has not been used in Kentucky, but it is to be
hoped that the coal mining companies in the state
will begin this work and push it in connection with
the other things, tending to make their employes'
lives better physically, mentally and morally. The
operator who furnishes first class houses and sanitary
conditions in which to live, good schools and
churches, will get the best class of labor and the
highest efficiency per man. Our company by doing
these things was able to increase its tonnage 20
per cent, over the tonnage of the mines under individual
managements, with practically the same
number of men, in the fiscal year just ended.
PROGRAM FOR WINTER MEETING OF THE
COAL MINING INSTITUTE OF AMERICA.
The program for the winter meeting of the Coal
Mining Institute of America, to be held in the
School of Mines building. University of Pittsburgh,
Dec. IS and 19, is:
First day, 10 o'clock—President's address, A. W.
Calloway, Indiana, Pa.
"History of the Coal Mining Institute of America,"
William Seddon, Brownsville, (institute's
first secretary).
"Clinkering of Coal Ash," Eugene B. Wilson.
editor "Mines and Minerals," Scranton, Pa.
1:30 o'clock—"Roof Action." R. D. Hall, associate
editor "Coal Age," New York, N. Y.
Address, "Welfare—H. C. Frick Coke Company,"
Thomas W. Dawson, assistant chief engineer. Mr.
Dawson will illustrate his lecture by use of a
stereopticon.
"Bering River Coal Field, Alaska," Dr. W. R.
Crane, Seward, Alaska. This paper will be presented
by Prof. H. D. Palister, Pennsylvania State
College.
Evening—Institute dinner and social session,
Fort Pitt Hotel. Thomas K. Adams. "State Inspection
of Mines," John W. Boileau, "A Glimpse
of the Future of Coal"; W. H. Glasgow, "Tne Welfare
of the Miner is the Welfare of Industry";
Jesse K. Johnston, "A Little Nonsense Now and
Then is Relished E'en by Mining Men"; Ten minutes
each.
Second day, 9 o'clock—"Rib Drawing by Machinery."
An informal discussion led by W. L
Affelder, general manager for the Bulger Block Coal
Co., Bulger, Pa. Members who can present points of
interest on this subject are urged to come prepared
to participate in the discussion. Mr. Affelder
suggests tnat as far as possible members
participating in the discussion endeavor to illustrate
their ideas with previously prepared drawings
or sketches.
"Accuracy and Limitations of Coal Analysis,"
A. C. Fieldner, chemist in charge of the coal laboratory
of tbe Pittsburgh Testing Station, Bureau
of Mines.
Business session.
Noon—Luncheon, School of Mines building, University
of Pittsburgh.
1.30—"Gas Producers fiom the Standpoint, of
Mining Men," E. B. Guentber, East Pittsburgh, Pa.
"Oil and Gas Wells in the Bituminous Coal
Fields," Informal discussion led by A. P. Cameron,
superintendent for the Westmoreland Coal Co.,
Irwin, Pa.
"Improved Coal Washing Conditions," G. R. Dela
mater, Philadelphia, Pa.
In sending out the program Secretary Fay en
closes a circular in which he says:
The membership committee earnestly request all
members to make special effort to secure one or
two new members each within the next two weeks
and to send the applications and fees to the secretary—The
campaign is on—-One Thousand Members
by the Time of the Winter Meeting." Cooperation
inspired by interest in the institute will
get the results.
Read the Program. Plan to be at the meeting.
The 1912 winter meeting should outclass any former
meeting in tbe number of members present,
interest and good results.
The institute dinner at the Fort Pitt hotel
will provide pleasure, fellowship ancl instruction
lo all who attend—all should attend. Member*
who intend to be at the dinner should remember
ihe importance of notifying the secretary for
leservation of dinner tickets not later than December
10, in order that the committee may know
what provision to make. Don't leave it to the
"guess" of the secretary. The secretary is a good
"guesser," but the Fort Pitt hotel makes him pay
ior all reservations, whether guesses or guests.
There is also a return slip which reads:
Where do you prefer the 1913 summer meeting
to be held?
Steubenvil le. O. ?
Wiikes-Barre. Pa.?
A town in Pennsylvania within 100 miles of Pittsburgh
?
Suggest town here
Member's name
Address
Banquet Tickets—Reserve tickets for Institute
dinner. Tickets $1.5C each. Pay for tickets
evening of dinner. Do not send money for dinner
tickets with tbe reply.
Name
Address
Mail to Charles L. Fay. secretary, 722 Second
National Bank building, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

EDUCATION FOR MINERS CHILDREN PRAIS­
ED BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF
EDUCATION.
To devise a course of study that would be specially
applicable to a mining community with a predominating
foreign population yvas the task assigned
to E. E. Bach, employed as "sociological
superintendent" by the Ellsworth Collieries Co.,
according to information received at the United
States Bureau of Education. Two mining camps,
Ellsworth and Cokeburg, were put under his care,
with instructions to make the school system in
each locality a center of education and Americanization.
Children in the mining camps ordinarily leave
school between the ages of 14 and 16, having acquired
little that is of direct use to them in their
life work. Under Mr. Bach the entire course of
study has been recast to adapt it as closely as possible
to the conditions in the community. "Elementary
Mining," "First aid to the injured," and
"Business forms" are introduced as early as the
sixth grade, so that the boys may be encouraged
to remain in school if possible, or, it they must
leave, that they will have something to aid them
in their future occupation. Likewise the girls
have been provided with splendidly equipped domestic
science kitchens in charge of a woman specially
trained for this yvork.
Even in the traditional school branches every
effort is made to correlate the school work with
the real life of the pupils. Spelling lessons eontain
words taken from the state mining law. English
exercises deal with mining life—even the grammar
examples concern the daily life of miners:
"Coke, burns. Coal is a solid black substance. He
understands bituminous coal mining." In arithmetic
the teachers are instructed to apply the problems
as far as possible to mining operations. The
idea is not, to limit tbe pupil's intellectual endeavors
to these special things, but to extend his
knowledge by means of them to other things less
known.
The difficulties in the work, as well as the value
that it yvill have for future American citizenship,
may be seen from a summary of the conditions at
the two mining camps. Ellsworth has a populalation
of about 2,500 persons, a working population
of 1,200 men, and 356 school children. Cokeburg
has a population of 1,500 persons, 600 working
men, and 224 school children. Seven hundred
of the Ellsworth working men are boarders, and
are of twelve nationalities. The sociological superintendent
not only looks after the schooling of
this mining population, but its general social welfare
as well.
What has been done at Ellsworth and Cokeburg
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
might with profit be done in all our mining
munities by our noards of education.
CAR SHORTAGE SHOWS SLIGHT DECREASE.
The fortnightly bulletin of the American Railway
Association states that on November 21 there
was a gross surplus of idle cars on the lines of the
United States and Canada of 22,363, compared with
19,987 two weeks before, but the gross shortage of
cars increased from 71,156 to 73,475, indicating a
demand for cars that was 51,112 in excess of the
supply. Two weeks before the shortage was 51,-
169, making the change in the car situation in the
fortnight covered by the last report of very small
proportions.
Following are the surpluses and shortages at
various recent dates:
Number Idle (Net). Decrease.
Nov. 21, 1912 t51.112 57
Nov. 7 f51,169 * 1,188
Oct. 24 |-49,9S1 *18,40-2
Oct. 10 f31,579 *13,786
Sept. 26 tl7,790 * 9,170
Sept. 12 t 8,620 * 1.130
Aug. 29 9,750 34,151
Aug. 15 43,901 12,609
Aug. 1 56,510 13,412
*Increase.
tNet shortage.
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS
Virgil McDowell, of Midway, Pa., has purchased
1,400 acres of coal near Hickory, Pa., from W. A.
and S. A. McCalmont, J. P. White, Howard Moore
heirs, John Speer heirs, W. E. and R. L. Rankin,
A. W. Pry, A. B. Miller heirs, R. P. Manson and
James Manson heirs, at $135 per acre, the whole
deal amounting to $1S9,000. The purchase was
made for Michigan investors.
Capt. W. H. Sanner, L. C. Lambert and A. Smith
of Somerset, Pa., have exercised their options
and have purchased 6,000 acres of coal in Shade,
Quemahoning and Stonycreek townships from the
original owneis at $50 per acre.
The Ebensburg Coal Co., Ebensburg, Pa., has
taken over 2,272 acres of coal in Cambria township,
Cambria county, Pa., at prices ranging $85
to $90, wdiich it had optioned earlier in the year.
Elmer Laufler has sold 125 acres of coal near Mt.
Pleasant, Pa., to the H. C. Frick Coke Co., for
$225,000.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
REQUIREMENTS FOR A MODEL MINE TRACK
Granting that a proper plan of development and
correct mining methods aie of first importance in
coal mining, an effective method of transportation
of the output to the surface is of equal, or next
in order of value in reducing to a minimum the
cost of coal f. o. b. cars for shipments. Precedent,
then, to securing such minimum cost, the movement
of the carrying vehicles must be made with
regularity and speed; their capacity must be as
great and the number in train as many as the
mining conditions allow; and the motive power
units must be of sufficient power to handle such
trains on gradients, which the engineer of the mine
development will plan to keep at as low rates atcontour
of the coal will allow.
Under an effective working system of transportation,
the rooms will be regularly served, the
gathering motors and the main haulage motors
make trips with regularity and dispatch, enabling
the lift at the shaft or slope, and the screening
and loading at the tipple, to be done uniformly and
at maximum capacity.
Preliminary to this ideal transportation, there
must be provided track constructed of members ot
size and weight sufficient to reduce the train resistance
and wear of rolling stock to a minimum,
laid to the best possible alignment, with curves
of as long radii as possible and maintained in
true line and surface, the grades reduced to suck
a minimum as the dip of the coal seam and the
lay-out of the haulage-ways permit, with suitable
vertical curves at points where gradients of different
rates meet. This will result in removing one
of the principal causes for train wrecks, with tneir
attendant direct and indirect expense, due to damage
and delay.
Underground transportation of output of coal
mines is as worthy- of effort to secure economy in
cost as has obtained such marked results in tbe
operation of surface railroads, whereby improved
alignment, consisting in elimination of or '-eduction
of curvature, reduction in grades, increased
weight of rails and stability of road-lied, increase
in size and consequent increase in
POWER OF LOCOMOTIVES
and increased capacity of containing vehicles,
has been obtained witli an accompanying
decrease in tractive resistance to be overcome petton
of commodity moved. Where 25 vears ago
65 pounds to 75 pounds was heavy rail, 50 tons a
heavy locomotive and 60,000 capacity a fairly large
car, the normal resistance per ton on level was
taken at six pounds to seven pounds. With present
standard of roadbed and equipment as now
By J. B. Mclntyre, of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co.
obtain on high class roads, such resistance can be
safely taken at from lour pounds to five pounds,
or a decrease of 30 per cent. Assuming this to be
approximately correct, and allowing one-half of
this to be due to improvement in rolling stock, we
have 15 per cent, reduction in resistance due to
track improvement.
The usual allowance for resistance in pounds per
ton in mine haulage, on level track, runs from 20
pounds to to pounds on light rails, under ordinary
conditions as at present prevail in coal mining
practice. Taking the average as 30 pounds, if
there can be obtained a 15 per cent, reduction byimprovement
of track in the tractive resistance,
this resistance will be decreased to 25% pounds
per ton, so that a motor with 4,oo(j pounds drawbar
pull will haul a train of 157 tons on a level
instead of 133 tons, or an increase of 17 Vj per cent.
That is for every ton hauled on ordinary track
the said motor will haul 1.175 tons by reason of
better track.
Take in order those separate divisions of track
construction, as outlined above, where the track
improvement may he effected.
First: Elimination of or increased radii ot
curves. It can be taken for granted that the mine
engineer, in making his plans for development.
will arrange for curves with the greatest possible
radii, particularly at the bottom of the shaft or
foot ot slope at the mine mouth, and will give to
the turnout curves, from main haulage to crossentries
and thence to room,
THE MAXIMUM LENGTHS
of radius consistent with mining conditions and
expense. In accordance with .such policy, the Tennessee
Coal, Iron & Railroad Co. has adopted for
such turnouts lengths of radius of 96 and 24 feet.
respectively, which seems to be a good working
mean, taking into consideration the size of motors
and lengths of trains—15-ton motor on main haulage
and four to six-ton gathering motors, and the
sample of model track has been installed accordingly.
Second: Grades. The control of the grades, so
far as control can be had, is a part of the duty of
officials in charge of mine development, being dependent
on preliminary exploratory borings ancl
such other ascertained data in regard to dip and
convolutions of the coal seam as can be obtained;
but, in any event, by lowering floor of haulageways
at knuckles or summits, or by taking down
roof at sags, ruling grades can be helped with justifiable
expense. Although such practice may at
some places make ascending grades from rooms to

entry haulage-way, this does not sc much mattei
if gathering motors are used.
Third: Weight ot rail and stability of roadbed.
Phis division, which corresponds with the main
subject matter under consideration, brings us to
the point of compromise between what would be
perfectly ideal track and track fully adapted or
really required to best serve the purpose of obtaining
minimum cost of transportation, cost of construction
being consideied.
While for main haulage-way leading out from the
mine mouth, which may remain in service for
many years or during the life of the mine, and
over which all the output passes and is hauled by
the heavy motors, it may be allowable to use rail
even of larger section than any formula requires;
substantial track-timber treated and tie-plated, ballasted
with selected material, even to the extent of
bringing in furnace slag for the purpose, fully and
solidly tamped. Such expense will not lie warranted
on all tiacks that will be in service for
much mere limited periods.
Here again the Tennessee company, with a 36inch
track gauge, proposes to adopt for the class
of track first mentioned, GO-pound rail, 6-inch x 8inch
x 5-feet x 6-inch cross ties,
TIE-PLA'J I- II ON CUKVE,
if oak ties are used, and tie-plated throughout if
creosoted pine ties are used, ballast corresponding
in size and grading with that used on surfaceroads,
thoroughly tamped ancl put up in true line
and surface.
For the secondaiy track, that in butt entries, 40pound
rail, 5-inch x 7-inch x 6-foot x 6-inch ties, preferably
of oak, untreated and only tie-plated on tbe
sharper curves, and ballasted with durable rock
selected from tlie gob and broken to 2yt-inch size,
thus getting away from the practice of blocking up
with rubble and filling in with slate and fine material.
Generally spaaking, there are conditions met with
in coal mines that are ideal in the matter of subgrade,
but when plastic fireclay exists, causing
heaving and churning, the only satisfactory way to
secure a good roadbed is to remove the fire-clay
and fill in with bioken stone ballast. If the subgrade
or floor of the haulage-way heaves, it is evi
clenee of undue roof pressure on the pillars. This
should be remedied either by causing the roof to
break, thus throwing the load on the bottom, or
by increasing the size of the pillars by such mining
methods as cog pillars, pack walls, setting timbers,
or otherwise, thus reducing the amount of
pressure and relieving the situation. Slate, shale.
or sand-stone bottom are the most favorable conditions
that will be met with, and require no special
treatment.
-Whore spring's are encountered in the bottom.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
water will necessarily have to be piped over to the
nearest point where it can be taken care of by
natural drainage, pumps, siphons, etc. If water
spots or swamps are encountered the only remedies
available are to lift the track out of the water
and fill with good slag or broken stone ballast.
Slate or shale yvill not answer for this purpose-.
Probably no one item works so much injury to
mine tracks as acid mine-water so that proper
drainage becomes a matter of prime importance.
The drains should be so made and graded that the
water will be kept below the bottom of the ties,
preventing decay to same, and corroded rails and
metal lastenings. Where it is desired or necessary
to drain water across the track, vitrified pipe
drains should be considered. They are cheap, and
if properly laid yvill give satisfactory results. It
should not be attempted to
CARRY. A LARGE QUANTITY
of water along a butt or main entry by deep ditching
without looking carefully into the matter of
siphons, portable track pumps, or turning the water
down thiough a convenient room or robbing.
The proper ballast for mine tiacks would be
bard, durable rock selected from the mine excavation
and broken to 2%-inch ring size. A soft sandstone
breaks and crushes in tamping—while slate
or shale, although such materials may seem hard
when first put into the track, disintegrate after exposure
to the action ol tne air. Coal and dirt
should not be classed as ballast. In regard tc
the size and grading of ballast, a safe rule will be
to adopt 2% inches as the maximum dimensions
and avoid having the ballast contain too much fine
material; otherwise the baliast will hold water and
will not be self-draining.
When the conditions of a mine are such that
tiny considerable amount of ballast is to be brought
from the suifa.ee into the mine a well designed
steel ballast car should be used for handling same,
with a view to minimizing cost. Such a car if
well designed, yvill dump in se/eral ways, discharging
its load as may be desired. The depth
of ballast should be 4 inches minimum and 12
inches maximum under the ties. When the entries
are extremely wet, or there are local tendencis
to heave or churn, more ballast will be required
as heretofore mentioned.
Specifications for ties should cover the following
points:
Ties may be made of white oak, post oak, chestnut
oak, black locust, long-leaf yellow pine, or
black or red cypress.
Ties shall be made from sound, thrifty timber,
free from large loose or decayed knots, wind
shakes, splits or other defects that will impair its
strength and durability.
All the ties shall be straight and out of wind.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Sawed, split or hewn ties will be accepted. All
ties shall have two parallel faces sawed or hewn
with the grain of the timber, and ties cut from
large timbers shall be sayved or hewn on all four
sides. Sawed ties shall have four full corners.
Standard dimensions of ties for main haulage
track, 60-pound rail shall be 6-inch x S-inch x 0-foot
6-inch. Ties for cross or butt-entries track, 40pound
rail shall be 5-inch x 7-inch x 5-foot 6-inch.
Ties shall show not less than
SIX INCHES OF SOUNU
heart-timber on each face for 6-inch x S-inch ties,
and not less than five inches of sound heart-timber
on each face for 5-inch x 7-inch ties. The bark
shall be stripped from the unhewn sides of pole
ties.
Treating ties is worthy of careful consideration.
The soft sap-pine timber that is submitted to this
treatment in this district is not adapted to holding
gauge of track on curves, but will answer tor tangent
tracks. On curves it would Le necessary to
use claw tie-plates and double spiking, preferably
screw spikes, to avoid spreading of gauge, and it
is questionable if mechanical destruction of these
soft pine ties, due to the cutting of the claws and
spikes, would not ensue before the benefit of tbe
preservative has been fully obtained, or before decay
has begun.
On permanent tangent track or main haulage
such ties may be used with good economy, using
tie plates yvith only projection enough on bottom
to insure friction, and, preferably, screw spikes.
If a hardwood tie, such as red oak, is treated with
the preservative, such tie could be used in such
track on curves with the claw-tie-plates and the
ordinary track spikes.
It is believed that there will be no economy in
the use of the soft-pine creosoted ties in cross or
butt-entry tracks that are not expected to be, in
a measure, permanent, unless the tie-plates without
projections on bottom and screw spikes are
used, as a considerable percentage of the ties in
these tracks will be lifted and reused, involving
the redriving of spikes when track is relaid, thus
causing the mechanical destruction of the tie, referred
to above, before the benefit of the creosoting
or preservative is obtained.
A suggestion can here be made that the special
tie-plate referred to may be lag-screwed to the tie
to true gauge, and the rails fastened down with
screw spikes, so that when track is lifted to be:
relaid elsewhere, and the spikes withdrawn or unscrewed,
the tie will he in condition for relaying
in new track. This may seem to be a refinement
that yvill await demonstration as to economy before
being put into general use.
In room work the particular conditions at each
mine will determine weight of rail. If gathering
motors are used, the rail should not be lighter than
20 pounds. In turnouts from 60-pound rail track,
and from 40-pound rail track; these
WEIGHTS OF RAIL
should lie continued on the turnout curve to a, point
beyond the switch ties.
For simplicity, cheapness and effective support
of the rail-joint combined the ordinary angle bar
of standard section adapted for the 60-pound and
40-pound rail sections, above referred to is recommended.
When rails of different sections meet,
offset splices of approved design should be supplied
for the proper support of the lighter rail and
to hold the abutting rails to the true gauge line.
A 5Ix;;;-inch spike should be used for the 60pound
rail, and SAxU^-inch for the 40-pound rail.
If screw spikes are used, the type in ordinary use
suitable to size of rail will be satisfactory for the
purpose. These answer the place of rail braces
on turn-outs beyond the heel of the switch points
and on curves for holding track to gauge, and the
plate should be designed with this purpose in viewas
well as protection of tie lrom the mechanical
wear. Reference has been made above to a substantial
form of tie-plate for use upon creosoted
soft wood tie, which plate, to avoid cutting of the
timber, should have very light projections on the
underneath side, where it comes in contact with
the tie, but sufficient to afford required resistance
to spreading gauge, to be attached lo the cross tie
with two or four lag-screws, depending upon
whether used on tangent or upon curve. Screwspikes
for rail fastenings should be used in conjunction
with this type of plate.
Rigid frogs are recommended for mine tracks.
For the reason that when frogs of low numbers
are used there is no advantage obtained warranting
the use of spring frogs. For frogs on main
haulage 60-pound rail track it will undoubtedly be
economy to use the hardened-steel center insert
frog. For the room turn-outs from 40-pound rail
cross or butt-entry track rigid rail-bolted frogs
will fully answer the purpose. All frogs should
be provided with a bed or baseplate riveted to the
frog, yvhich will materially lengthen the life of
the frog and that of the switch ties.
No. 4 or 4% frogs should be used for main haulage
track 60-pound rail turn-outs, and No. 2 frogs
for cross or butt-entry 40-pound rail room turnouts.
Frogs should be provided with some foim
of blocking or foot guard to prevent injury to persons
by feet catching in the angles between the
frog rails.
Point switches should be used as standard. The
point switch removes the objection of an open
joint at the head blocks, and gives a continuous
bearing to the car wh-sels. The points should be
beveled on top, so that the bearing edge is slightly

elow the level of stock rails, the bevel being so
made that the wheel traeds
PO NOT COME IN CONTACT
with the points until their size and strength are
sufficient to stand the service. It is good practice
to make the extreme points of the switch rails out
of manganese or other hardened steel, where the
traffic will warrant such expense, as in the main
haulage track, and to double reinforce the switch
rails in main haulage tracks and single reinforce
the switch rail in room turnouts.
For room turn-outs the switch points, frog, ancl
lead rails should be curved to the 24-foot radius
of the turn-out before sending into the mine, thus
making a complete turn-out, and insuring that its
radius will be maintained. If the rooms are
turned at right angles to the cross-entry, thus making
the room-neck curves all alike, the curving of
the rails should extend to tbe beginning of the
straight track in tlie room.
It often happens that the traffic is all in a trailing
direction through the switch, and where such
is the case a spring can be used in connection w itli
the stand, permitting the wheels to force their
way through the switch, the spring forcing the
switch-point back to its former place against the
rail, maintaining the switch in the proper position
for the main track. The ordinary adapted groundthrow
stand is probably as well adapted lor use as
any other type.
The choice of tools depends to a large extent
upon individual opinion anil experience. The
care of tools is quite as important as any other
detail of track work. All tools should be kept
clean, ^harp and in good order. AH new tools
should lie marked with the company's brand by the
storekeeper. No new tools should lie issued to
the men without the understanding that they are
to be held responsible for their safe return. When
tools aie worn out and need replacing, the wornout
tools should be returned to tbe supply house.
COAL CUTTERS IN SOUTH AFRICA.
According to the report of the Government -Mining
Engineer, there weie 406 mechanical ccal cutters
in operation in the South African Union in
1911. They were distributed as follows:
Compressed
Electric. Air. Total.
Transyaal 223 223
Cape Colony 6 • • 6
Orange Free State - 2
Natal 27 14S 175
Total 33 373 406
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
The Cunard Co. began work Dec. 4 at Morrisdale,
Clearfield county, Pa., in developing 1,600
acres of a five-foot vein of bituminous coal. Modern
machinery and electric power and haulage will
be installed. Charles B. Maxwell, superintendent
of the Morrisdale- Coal Co.. is tbe company's local
manager.
The Dunn & Kirk Co., which has been prospecting
in and near New Waterlord, 0., for a piofitable
coal vein, struck a. bed that measures three
feet three inches thick about a half mile west of
the village. A shaft yvill be sunk tend operations
commenced at once.
Tiie Friez Fork Coal Co. has been organized by
Michigan people to develop a 900-acre tract of land
in Logan county, W. Va. J. J. Kean, of Owosso,
Mich., is head of the new concern, and others interested
are George W. King and George Sweeney,
of Saginaw.
The Tuscaloosa Export Coal Co., Birmingham,
Ala., of which W. J. Gilmore is president, will develop
a big tract of land in Tuscaloosa county,
Ala., along the line of the Tuscaloosa Mineral iai!road.
Mrs. Sarah B. Cochran, Dawson, Pa., will develop
the 500 acres of coal in Lower Tyrone township.
Fayette county, recently purchased by her
at public sale.
The Tuscaloosa Export Ccal Co., recently organized
at Tuscaloosa, Ala., plans to begin the immediate
development of a tract of coal land in that
vicinity.
The Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co. is preparing to open a new mine near
Roscoe, Pa., to give it access to 2,500 acres of coal.
,1. W. Miller of Farrell, Pa., and Harry Filer, of
Sb-uon, Pa., will develop a tract of coal owned
by the former at Bolivar, Pa.
Suit for $137,7CS.13 was filed Dec. 5 at Uniontown,
Pa., by the Cambria Steel Co. against the
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co. Interest accruing up
to Dec. 1. 1912, is asked also. The action is the
result of an alleged breach of contract. It is
stated that, the plaintiff company made contracts
lor a ceitain amount of coke and those contracts
were not filled. Consequently it was necessary
for the Cambria Steel Co. to pay a higher price for
coke than that at which it had contracted and the
claim for remuneration followed.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
RELATION OF FORESTRY TO COAL MINING
5 By H. A. Williamson. Secretary Consulting Engineer Department. The Consolidation Coal Company.
One of the most important items in coal mining
is the timber supply. Used inside and outside the
mines for items too numerous to mention, it is
almost impossible to overestimate its value. It
is an undisputed fact that the cost of timber, not
only for mining, but for all purposes, is steadily
increasing and unless something is done to con­
serve and supplement our present forest resources,
the price of timber will become prohibitive so far
as coal mining is concerned. The cost of produc­
tion of coal will be gieatly increased, and coal
mines located at points where the timber is first
exhausted will not be able to compete with mines
located at points where timber is still to be had.
It therefore behooves us to consider seriously the
relation of practical forestry to the coal mining
industry.
Two thousand, nine hundred and forty bituminous
c cal mines in tlie United States used, in 1905, 91,309,-
700 cubic feet of round timbei and 140,790,000 board
feet of sawed timber, costing $6,379,931. Of these
totals vVest Virginia used 6,715,000 cubic feet of
round timber at an average price ot .046 cents per
cubic foot and 19,645,000 board feet of sawed timber
at an average mice of $12.76 tier thousand
feet. In addition to these amounts used in bitu­
minous mines, 216 anthracite mines used 43,076,-
000 cubic feet of round timber at a cost of $2,S98,-
063 and 101,210,000 board feet of sawed timber
costing $1,535,062, or a total cost of $4,433,125.
From this it is to noted that the anthracite
mines used proportionately a great deal more tim­
ber than tlie bituminous mines. The various
other
.MINING INDUSTRIES
of the country, including iron, used $5.6-12,831
worth of lumber. These figures, taken from the
U. S. Forest Service lepoit, only include timber
used inside the mines and c-oxer from 80 to 85
per cent, of tbe timber used inside mines in the
United States, being incomplete owing to the fact
that many operators do not keep accurate accounts
of the timber used and some did not report at all.
They give a very fair idea, however, of the timber-
used lor that year. As we all know, the rate of
consumption is increasing each year and, also, the
cost. While the Appalachian mining industries
have some advantage now us to availability of tim­
ber supplies, we find that as a whole the western
mining industries wil! have the advantage of the
east in the future, owing to tlie facts that their
timber supply is equal to, or better, than the east­
ern, conservative measures are already being ap­
plied, nearly all Government timber lands are in
the west and they do not use as much timber
annually as the eastern mines. Therefore, unless
tlie east takes prompt steps to replenish its tim­
ber supply it will, in a few years, be at a serious
disadvantage. In order to present more promi­
nently tbe relative position of the West ancl East
on this situation the following is quoted from
Forest Service Circular 159.
"Hardly cine hundred years ago the United States
east of the Mississippi river was an almost un­
broken forest, comprising something over 1,000,000
square miles, or about 700,000,000 acres. Now,
after about a century of settlement, there are not
more than 300,000 square miles of
MERCHANTABLE FOREST LAND
in the- eastern United States. * * * The land
chiefly valuable for growing forests" (in North
America) "will shrink to about 360,000,000 acres,
less than one fifth of the extent of the United
States proper. Together with the wood lots,
which will continue to loi m pait of the farm land,
the total forest area will amount to approximately
l."io,ooii,iiiio ac-ies or about one-fourth of the total
land area."
This reduction in the extent of the forest land
is an inevitable consequence of the economic- de­
velopment of tlie country. The land devoted to
agricultural crops must increase with the increase
in population. It is self evident that with a population
of probably not less than 150,000,000 people
in 1950 the land necessary to supply the food for
home consumption alone must be larger than at
present, even with the improved methods of cultivation.
Where wiil this increase come from?
As we have seen, although some land can be won
from the plains through reclamation and dry farm­
ing, this area will hardly be enough to offset the
loss of productive land through the growth of
cities, and will at lest supply only a small part
of the additional area needed for raising crops.
In the West, except in a few places along the Pa­
cific coast, the forest areas will not lie reduced,
for tlie simple reason that the land there is not
suitable on the- whole for agricultural purposes.
If it were reduced, the result would be to reduce
i be farm land lying below, which is
DEPENDENT ETON IRRIGATION.
The additional agricultural land must come, there­
fore, chiefly from the East through improvement
of the present unimproved farm land and swamp
land and at tlie expense of the forest proper.
The forest area will be confined more and more
to land which is clearly unsuitable for agriculture
and which can best be utilized in producing trees.
This absolute forest land as we may call it will

occupy, as far as one may judge, about 360,000,000
acres, or nearly one-fifth of the total land sur­
face—of this about 63 per cent, will be found in
the west—37 per cent, will be in the east—found
mainly in New England and in the Adirondack
region of New York, in eastern and north Min­
nesota, north Wisconsin and Michigan, along the
Allegheny and Cumberland plateaus in the Blue
Ridge and Smoky Mountains in the states of
Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia.
The writer of the above evidently made his
statements on the basis that conservative forest
practice would be adopted all over the United
States. Even then he only allows the east 37 per
cent, of the total future forest area and includes
in this the extensive forest lands of Minnesota,
Wisconsin and Michigan. In addition to the three
states named, from which the Appalachian coal
industries could draw little or no timber, there
is included the forest lands of the extreme northeast
and New York, which if gotten by eastern
coal plants at all would be absorbed by Pennsylvania
operators. This leaves the southeastern coal
operators only their immediate
ADJOINING FOREST LANDS
from whic-h to draw supplies ancl the reader can
make his own deductions as to the importance of
husbanding these southeastern resources. A map
of North America is given herewith showing
graphically this probable future location of the
forest land. The heavily shaded portion repre­
sents the probable absolute forest land and the
light shading, land that will eventually be cleared
and used for agricultural purposes. The figures
63 per cent, and 37 per cent, are the respective
proportions of forest land in the United States
east and west of an arbitrary line and do not
include the Canadian forest lands shown on the
plat. Little or no part of the Canadian timber
will be available for mining purposes in the
United States, especially the southeastern por­
tions, owing to the demands made upon it by the
northern industries ancl the high cost of trans
portation.
The average rise in the price of standing timber
in the United States for the five years 1900 to
1905 was 2.1 s per thousand feet to 2.59 or 18.8
per cent, while the rise in price in eight south
ern states (Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Ken­
tucky and Tennessee) was from 1.94 to 2.74 or
41.2 per cent.; in the northeastern states (the
New England group) the increase was as high
as 88 per cent.; the increase in the west runs
much lower than the north and east, being, for
three Pacific states 31 per cent, and for Michigan,
Wisconsin and Minnesota 26 per cent. Also the
average
INCREASE IN SAW LOGS
has been much higher in the southern states
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
named than in any other part of the United
States, except the New England group where the
increase is from three to four times higher than
the average for the entire country.
Taking 8% foot mine props as an example, yve
find their cost, in the northern West Virginia
region, where conditions for cheap props are good
at the present time, to be advancing as follows:
1900— 8% cents each
1904—11 cents each
1909—13 Vi cents each
These figures are the average prices paid based on
the total consumption of a number of mines where
a portion of the props were cut from land owned
by the company and the prices are therefore some-
LEOEMD
raik,.i...F».,ii.j.
I I l„l.rmfdidle betw#-i &tf
Probable Fulure forest Land of North America.
what lower than if all props had been purchased
in the open market. This shows an increase of
5 cents in ten years or y2 cent per year, and it
must be remembered that as the timber supply
continues to diminish the prices of wood products
will not continue to advance at the same rate
but will go up by leaps and bounds until the
supply is exhausted.
Taking up the sawed timber we find the prices
advancing as shown by the following table:
Per Thousand Feet
1900 1904 1909
Oak mine rails $12.00 $15.00 $19.00
Hardwood mine rails 13.50 15.00
1-inch rough oak boards.... 10.00 12.50 16.50
White oak mine car lumber. 16.00 20.oo 25.00
Oak bill stuff for tipple con­
struction 18.00 24.00 30.00

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
showing an increase of from $7 to $12 per thousand
feet.
The prices on lumber for tipples, buildings.
dwelling houses, etc., are increasing at a much
greater rate. Ten years ago the price on frame
lumber (hemlock) was about $10 in northern
West Virginia, while now it is $20; inside oak
finish was $25 to $30, while now it is $60 to $80;
poplar finish was $25 to $30, while now it is $40
to $50, showing an increase of from $10 to $50
per thousand. Ten years ago nearly all lengths
of the same material were
SOLD AT THE SAME RATE
per board foot, but now the buyer is obliged to
pay a premium for lengths, that is, for the same
material in say 15-foot lengths he is obliged to
pay more per boaid foot than for 10-foot lengths.
Another phai-e is the increased value of the surface
land owned by the operator; barren and
bringing in little or no revenue when planted, it
becomes valuable. Bear in mind that while timber
is cut from it as soon as it is large enough.
it is done along scientific lines so that the supply
of available timber steadily increases until the
maximum capacity of the land is reached, at
which point it is held. Take for example Prussia
where the method of management calls for a sustained
yield, that is, no more wood is cut than
the forest produces. In 1830 their yield was 20
cubic feet per acre, in 1865, 24 cubic feet, in 1890,
52 cubic feet and in 1904, 65 cubic feet, in other
words the production multiplied three fold in 75
yeai s ancl dining this period the percentage of
saw timber rose from 19 to 54. Suppose for an
instant that your acres of ground, now producing
nothing, produced 65 cubic feet of timber of
which 54 per cent, was saw stuff; this would be
421 board feet per acre each year. An even better
showing is made in Saxony where the annual
yield per acre has been brought up to 93 cubic
feet, the percentage of saw timber, in 1904, being
66. These results were obtained at a cost of
from less than one dollar to five dollars per acre
per year, the net profits running from one to
twelve dollars. Land, in France, that was valued
at $5 per acre was increased to $40 and the
ENTIRE SURROUNDING COUNTRY
benefitted enormously. In Wurtemburg the total
net revenue annually from government forests is
over $3,000,000; in Saxony, over $2,000,000; in
Prussia, $17,000,000; in France, nearly $4,000,000;
and in Austria, more than $5,000,000.
So far we have considered the direct financial
returns, due to forest planting on waste lands,
now let us look at some important indirect profits.
All mine owners having pit mouths at or near
the high water marks of streams know how much
anxiety is caused and what large losses are sustained
from floods which are, in great part, di­
rectly chargeable to the barren hillsides. With
the planting of timber the floods decrease, the
forest cover established holding back the rush
of yvater to the streams and retarding the melting
of snow so that the water usually passes off without
injury to the property. This same preventing
of floods would act on the coal trade to some extent
by saving the railroads thousands of dollars
now lost annually through the destruction of
bridges and embankments. It would largely prevent
droughts, and the hauling of water long
distances to mining operations during dry seasons
would become unnecessary. We had an illustration
of this in the early part of November, 1909,
when the drought on the Shamokin Branch of
the Reading Railroad made it necessary to use
2oo tank cars and 15 or 20 train crews daily, and,
finally in December caused the shutting down of a
NUMBER OF C'CII.I.IEHI.ES,
throwing some 7,000 men out of work. This was
again the case in 1910 and to some extent in 1911.
The United States government spent, to June,
1905, over $6,000,000 improving the Monongahela
River from its junction with the Ohio to Fairmont,
W. Va. During the same period over $1,-
500,000 was expended for maintenance of improvements.
Uii to the present time the government
has made no attempt to protect the forest
sources of this river and we now find that unless
immediate steps are taken the money spent building
locks and dams, making improvements, etc.,
will be lost.
Congress has passed the Appalachian, or Weeks,
lull providing for the acquisition of forest lands
in the Appalachian Mountains. Whether this bill
will better our position or not depends entirely
on the manner in which its provisions are carried
out, and in any event, it is not adequate to
provide more than a partial remedy to the situation.
Further legislation loth by the individual
states and the Federal government will be necessary
in order to properly protect the sources of
our navigable streams. What is true of the Monongahela
is also true of the New River, and all
other rivers on which coal is shipped or proposed
to be shipped.
During an examination of bad surface cracks
extending over large territory of both cleared
and timber land, it was found that cracks in the
open and wooded land were of about the same extent
on iiist appearing, but that those in the
cleared spaces rapidly produced a much worse
condition than those in the timber, this being
especially true on hillsides. The cracks on open
land immediately became natural gutters for
water and every heavy rain made them worse until
in some cases the whole hillside down to bed
rock would slip for considerable distances. One
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 61)

DR. HOLMES OUTLINES PLANS OF BUREAU
OF MINES AND GIVES ESTIMATE OF ITS
EXPENDITURES FOR COMING YEAR.
The following letter from Dr. Joseph A. Holme'--,
Director of the Bureau of Mines, was read before
the American Mining Congress, in annual session
at Spokane, Washington, Nov. 25-28:
Mr. S. A. Taylor, President,
American Mining Congress,
Spokane, Wash.
My Dear Sir:—In response to your request for
a statement to be read at the Congress concerning
the work and plans of the Bureau of Mines with
special reference to mining in the Western States,
I regret exceedingly that circumstances beyond my
control have prevented my attending the Spokane
session cf the Mining Congress to present such a
statement in person.
The Bureau of Mines fully recognizes its indebtedness
to the American Mining Congress not only
as the most influential agency in behalf of its establishment,
but also lor the encouragement and
assistance which the employes of the Bureau have
been constantly receiving from the officers and
members of the Mining Congress.
In thus acknowledging this indebtedness, 1 desire
to emphasize the fact that the Bureau ot
Mines does not belong to its Director, nor to the
Department of the Interior. It belong to tbe
mining industry and the mining men of this country,
and it looks to them for advice and guidance.
In this spirit and to an extent never before practiced
by any other branch of the- Government service,
the Bureau of Mines from its establishment
to the present time has in all its plans and policies
sought and acted upon the best advice of the
mining engineers, the mine owners, and the mine
workers of the country. Such will be its policy
and its practice as long as its present management
continues.
The purpose of the Bureau of Mines is not to
concern itself especially- with matters pertaining
to either Federal or State legislation, nor to compete
with the private mining engineer or chemist
in doing those things which might better be left
to private enterprise. Its purpose is to conduct
such inquiries and scientific investigations and to
publish such reports as will best promote the
health and safety of miners, lessen the unnecessary
waste of important mineral resources, and
advance the general welfaie of the mining industry.
As to the work of the Bureau in behalf of Western
mining industries, I endeavored to explain tc
the members of the American Mining Congress
both at its Los Angeles session in 1910 and its
Chicago session in 1S11 that during these two first
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
years, under existing legislation, the Bureau
largely and necessarily de-voted its energies to the
investigation of the coat and other fuel industries
of the Middle and other Eastern Slates. During
that time, hoyvever, the Bureau has maintained
and operated in the Rocky Mountain and"other
Western regions three mine safety cars, and ii
has carried on a limited investigation in connection
with the smelter industry within those regions
During the current year the bureau is expending,
mainly in Colorado, Utah, California and Montana,
its first distinctive appropriation of $50,000
in behalf of the Western mining conditions, which
appropriation was made under the following language:
"For inquiries ancl investigations into the mining
and treatment of oies and other mineral substances,
with special reference to safety and waste,
$50,000: Provided, that no part thereof may lie
used for investigation in behalf of any private
party, nor shall any part thereof be used for work
authorized or required by law to be done by anyother
branch of the public service."
The Bureau is also expending during tiie current
year an appropriation of $75,000 in testing
the workability and availability loi naval purposes
of certain of the coal beds in the Bering river
and Matanuska coal fields of Alaska.
The Department has recommended that the appropriation
for these Western metal mining and
mineral investigations during the next year be
increased from $50,000 to $250,000. It is hoped
that Congress may see its way clear to grant this
increase, and from time to time to make such additional
appropriations for these inquiiies and investigations
as will enable the National Government,
through this Bureau, to discharge its full
duty and to meet its full indebtedness to the mining
industry of our great empire lying between
the Mississippi river and the Pacific and in Alaska.
The Bureau of Mines has co-operated in the
past, and will cc-operate in the future with the
American Mining Congress and with the mining
journals of tbe eonntry in getting the American
people to realize the progress ancl the magnitude
of our mining industry and what this industry
means in relation to the growth and the permanent
welfare of this nation. I am encouraged to believe
that the people of this country are not onlyawakening
to toe importance of mining as one of
its two groat foundation industries, but that they
are also awakening to the importance of this industry
and the responsibility of the General Government
in relation to the welfare of the public
land states and the welfare of Alaska.
Yours very truly,
J. A. HOLMES. Director.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
In connection with the above letter tiie following
is the estimate ot expenditure for the Bureau
of Mines for fiscal year June 30, 1913, to June 30,
1914:
For general expenses, $70,240.
For investigating mine accidents, $347,900.
For fuel investigations, $135,000.
For investigations into the treatment of ores
and other mineral substances, $250,000.
For inspecting mine in Alaska. $6,500.
For books ancl publications, $2,500.
Towards the election of a suitable laboratory
for tbe Bureau of Mines at Pittsburgh, $115,000.
For the collection of statistics concerning accidents
in the mining industry, etc.. $25,000.
For the purchase or lease of land for headquarters
for mine safety cars, $2,000.
A total of $954,140.
The increases asked for include $4,140 for general
expenses, $27,900 for investigating mine accidents,
$200,000 for investigations into (he treatment
of ores ancl other mineral substances, $1,000
for the purchase of books and other publications,
$115,000 towards a Dew fireproof laboratory, and
$25,000 for the collection of statistics concerning
accidents in the mining industry and other interests.
COAL MINERS NUMBER NEARLY
THREE-QUARTER OF A MILLION.
The total number of men employed in the coal
mines of the United States in 1911, according to
the United States Geological Survey, was 722,335,
of whom 172,5S5 were employed in the anthracite
mines of Pennsylvania and 549,750 in the bituminous
and lignite mines. Tne anthracite miners
averaged more working time than (he bituminous
miners, working 246 days, against 211 days for the
bituminous miners.
The average production for each man employed
was 524 tons in the anthracite mines—an exceptionally
large tonnage—and 73S tons in the bituminous
mines. The average daily production for
each man employed was 2.13 short tons in the anthracite
and 3.50 tons in the bituminous mines.
In most of the bituminous mines of the United
States the S-hour working day prevails. In 1911,
out of a total of 519,750 employes in the bituminous
coal mines, 330,045 worked in mines that were
operated 8 hours a day; 57.331 worked in mines
that were operated 9 hours a day, and 137,576
worked in mines operated lo hours a day.
The Jamison Coal & Coke Co. has opened a new
tract of coal on the west side of its mine at Hannastown,
Pa., and is working it by a night shift.
Electric haulage is to be installed.
INSECT DAMAGE TO MINE
PROPS AND ITS PREVENTION.
By T. E. Snyder, U, S. Bureau of Entomology.
Wood-bormg insects are one of the principal
causes of the deterioration and destruction of timbers
used in mines. The injury is effected both
before and in some cases after placement in the
mine.
This circular is based on special investigations
in co-cperation with mining companies. It is intended
to giye preliminary information on the principal
types of insect injury and to show how a
large percentage of injury can be prevented.
Both soft and hardwood timber, which has been
felled for mine props, and unbarked props that
have been cut ancl left lying stacked in the woods
or in the yard at the entrance to the mine, are
liable to infestation with the grubs or larva? of
wood-boring insects. These grubs, which hatch
from eggs deposited by winged insects attracted
by the odor of the fresh-cut timber, continue to
work in the props after they have been transported
from tbe woods and placed in the mine. The
grubs of most injurious wood-boring insects cannot
become established in the timber unless the
lark is on, because the bark serves as a protective
covering under which the eggs can lie deposited
and affords proper moisture conditions tor tlie development
of the young grubs, many of which feed
on the inner bark before enteiing the wood.. The
principal injuries to mine props by wood-boring
insects are those caused by roundbeaded and flatheaded
borers, timber worms, and ambrosia beetle-.
Injury to timbers by roundheaded and ffatheaded
borers and timber worms consists in burrows in
the wood made by grubs, which hatch from eggs
laid under the bark by winged bettles. These
burrows, often of large size, not only decrease the
length of service of the timbers, but also their
structural strength. Running both transversely
and longitudinally through the wood, these holes.
even if the insects have discontinued their work,
afford entrance to moisture and wood-destroying
fungi; the decay is thus enabled more rapidly and
completely to penetiate the heartwood.
Injury by ambrosia bettles consists of pinhole
and bluing defects in the wood. The pinhole defects
also contribute to more lapid decay.
Theie is, therefore, a complicated interrelation
between these wood-boring insects and wood-destroying
fungi in the deterioration of mine timbers.
In the southern states the principal injury to
props ancl other timbers in slope or incline mines
is caused by small, white, soft-bodied insects
known as "wood lice," white ants, or termites.
These destructive insects work in moist or decaying
wood. Timbers placed on the heavily Urn-

ered slope or incline, extending fiom 250 to 300
feet from tbe exterior info tbe mine, are attacked
by termites, as are those used in headings neai
ihe surface of the ground. Individuals of the
winged form enter tbe mine and establish colonies
at the base of the props. The moist condition of
the prop at the base, where tlie wood is in contact
with the ground and where there is usually incipient
decay, offers especially favorable conclUions
lor injury by this class of insects.
The presence of these insects is not easily detected.
Their work is hidden beneath an outer
shell of wood, often very thin, but always left intact;
therefore an ordinary inspection of the exterior
of the props will not reveal the presence of
the insects or their destructive work. The entire
interior may be completely honeycombed while
there is nothing on the exterior to indicate the
injury. Sometimes an earthy matter—partially- digested
wood mixed with earth—is employed to
cover over such parts of their work as would otherwise
be exposed to tbe light, which they carefully
avoid.
It is well known that when once these insects
have gained an entrance to the outer moist or decayed
layers of wood they can continue their destructive
work into the- sound heartwood; on this
account it is very important to prevent them from
becoming established.
By simply adapting methods of handling the
timbers, before placement, to well known facts in
tbe life history of the insects a large percentage
of injury can lie pi evented. If a sufficient quantity
of props be cut far enough ahead of tlie time
when needed, and stored either in the yard at the
mine or in a general storage yard most accessible
to the largest number of mines, they can be properly
handled to prevent insect injury ancl a reserve
supply established. The logs should be barked
in the woods within a few clays alter felling the
trees. After cutting into props they should be
transported to the place of storage and piled in
loose stacks in such a manner as to facilitate rapid
drying, guarding against excessive checking. After
a reserve supply has been established it will no
longer be necessary to cut mine timber during the
warmer months when the insects which deposit,
eggs in the bark or wood are flying. The periods
during which ihese insects are flying vary with
the locality and tbe species of insect, but. in general,
in the region north of the Gulf States the
period of activity is from April to the middle of
October. In all cases where timbers are to be
left stacked, either in the woods or yard, the bark
must be removed before the end of March to avoid
attack by insects
By barking and seasoning mine timbers, insert
injury before placement will not only be prevented,
but injury by termites after placement will also
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 46
be delayed or under some conditions even prevented
and the length of lite of tlie timbers prolonged.
Therefore the timber should always i,e barked
except in rare instances where it is to be used in
workings of a. very temporary character. If unbarked
round or split props are to be used in
temporary workings where it would not be practicable
to remove the bark, the trees should be cut
during the fall and early winter. As soon as possible
after cutting, props should be stacked in
"open-crib" piles in a place where they will dry
most rapidly, without excessive checking, preferably
after they have: been transpoi ted lrom the
woods, because if the inner bark is dried out before
the insects begin to fly in the spring the more
destructive insects will not attack them. Split
props should be piled with the bark side up so
that the inner bark will dry. Logs or props should
not be left lying on the ground. Unbarked props,
especially- props cut from insect-killed, fire-killed,
or other dead standing timber, should be thoroughly
inspected before they are placed in the
mine and all props showing serious damage by insects
discarded. Tbe presence of wood-boring insects
can be detected by sawdust-like boring dust
that is expelled from their burrows and lodges in
crevices in the bark.
As previously stated, the seasoning that prevents
injury before placement will delay and under some
conditions even prevent injury to mine timbers by
termites after placement, since moisture or incipient
decay is necessary for destructive work. In
consequence, seasoning is recommended where it is
impracticable to treat timbers with chemical preservatives.
Methods of superficially treating props by brushnig
the exterior with various chemical preservatives
will be temporarily effective in keeping out
termites, if the work is thoroughly done and both
ends are also treated. Where the basal area i -
left untreated, termites will enter the prop
through the untreated portion. It will readily
be seen that neither brushing nor spraying tbe
exterior of the prop after placement in the mine,
as is sometimes practiced, is effective in keeping
out termites, since- the end that sets in the ground
could not be treated, and it is usually here that
termites attack tbe props.
Before treating timber with chemical preservatives,
especially where the brush method is used.
it is esesntial that the timber be thoroughly seasoned,
otherwise penetration will be retarded.
Impregnating props intended for permanent service
with creosote bv some standard process (either
by the "open-tank" or by tbe cylinder-pressure processes)
will keep out termites and other woodboring
insects and preserve the props for a much
longer period than they would last untreated.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS •
The final step in the organization of the eoal
trade into a permanent organization affiliated with
the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, will be
taken Dec. 19, for which elate a meeting for the
election of officers has been called. A committee
composed of E. J. Howe, W. C. Rogers, C. J. Men-
ges, J. T. Hatfield, R. A. Colter, W. J. Magee and
L. M. Webb, of which Mr. Howe was temporary
chairman and Mr. Webb temporary secretary, ha?
had the preliminary work of organization in hand.
An application of tlie Kentucky & Tennessee rail­
way, the Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific
lailway, and tlie Tennessee railway for authority
to establish rates for the transportation of coa!
and coke in carload lots from mines and ovens
on the- lines of tlie applicants to points in Caro­
lina territory, lower than rates concurrentlv in
effect to ancl from intermediate territory, war
granted by the Interstate Commerce- Commission
Dec. 2.
The New Pittsburgh Coal Co. was given a hear­
ing before the Interstate Commerce Committee
recently. It asks for a reduction of rates on
coal over the lines of Hocking Valley railroad to
Lake Erie ports. The company now pays 90 cents
per ton to Toledo and other ports and contends
that a rate of not more than SO cents should prevail
in order to permit competition with West Vir­
ginia and Pittsburgh field operators.
The United States coal mining expedition has
reached Chilkat from the Bering river coal fields
after having mined 855 tons of coal for a naval
test. All the coal mined was taken from Trout
creek and the Cunningham group. The work was
done under the direction of the Bureau of Mines.
The expedition left Katalla, Alaska, Dec. 4. The
coal will be transported south by the Navy Department
and tested aboard navy vessels.
The Interstate Commei ce Commission Dec. 6
ruled that rates on cannel coal from Kentucky to
destinations on 82 central western railways were
excessive and discriminatory to the extent that
they exceed by more than 40 cents a ton the can­
nel coal rates from the Kanawha district. The
commission held there was no unlawful discrimination
in higher rates on cannel coal than bituminous.
The Chamber of Commerce of Little Rock. Ark.,
has notified the Interstate Commerce Commission
it will not press its action against the Iron Moun­
tain road, the railroad having agreed to make a
25-cent reduction in the rate on slack from Ar­
kansas mines to Little Rock.
The fifth coal collier built by the New York
Shipbuilding Co. for the Coastwise Transportation
Co. was launched Dec. 2 from the company's plant,
in Camden, N. J. The- steamer, christened Nor­
folk by Mrs. Samuel J. Goucher, is intended for
carrying coal from Norfolk, Newport News and
Philadelphia to New England ports, and will have
a carrying capacity of 5500 tons.
Some idea of the enormous business which the
Consolidation Coal Co. of Baltimore has done this
year may be gleaned from the figures obtained
Dec. 2, showing the coai tonnage for the 11 months
ended Nov. 30. The total tonnage for this period
was 9,500,000 tons, as compared with 8,400,000 tons
lor the corresponding period of last year, or an in­
crease in tonnage of 1,100,000 tons for this year.
The October coal output in Colorado was 979,644
tons, 50,000 tons more than the October. 1911, out­
put. The total output for the first ten months in
1912 was S.706.96S, an increase of 792.698 tons
ever 1911 figures. The October, 1912, coke pro­
duction w-as 68,281 tens, an increase of 15,000 tons.
These figures were contained in the annual report
of the state coal mine inspector.
In the rotunda of the Greene county. Pa., court
house Dec. 4 Sheriff J. M. White sold the prop­
erty of the Dilworth Coal Co. to the Guardian
Title & Trust Co. of Pittsburgh for $320,000. At­
torney Willis F. McCook acted for the trust company,
which is trustee for the bondholders. The
sale followed long litigation.
Announcement has been made that the mines
of the Coalburg Coal Co., Coalburg, W. Va., will
resume operations in a few clays. Fifteen men are
getting the mines in shape for working.
Mayor John von Bergen of Scranton, Pa., has
appointed L. F. Hiorns, E. F. Blewitt and David
Evans members of the City Mine Cave commission
to investigate mine caves.
Coal in Jefferson township, Greene county. Pa.,
lias been assessed at $20 an acre by the township
assessor. Three years ago the assessment was
$115 per acre.
The Stage coal mines at Claytonia, Pa., will re­
sume work shortly after an idleness of almost three
years. The work of cleaning up already is in
progress.
A boating stage on the Ohio river Dec. 6 enabled
Pittsburgh coal shippers to send 1,955,000 bushels
of coal to southern markets via the river.
Shipments of coal through Lock No. 4, Monon­
gahela river for November, were 1S,260,000 bushels.

A company has been organized at Fairmont, W.
Va.. for the purpose of developing a vein of soapstone
and talc in Orange county, Va. Capital,
$150,000. Frank Haas, Fairmont, president: John
Buckingham, Baltimoie, secretary and treasurer;
W. H. Conaway, Fairmont, vice president.
Locust Mountain Coal Co., Bethlehem, Pa.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, James Crosby Brown.
Ardmore, Pa.; Harry O. Peebles, Cynwyd, Pa.;
Baird Snyder, Jr., Pottsville, Pa.; A. C. Dodson,
Bethlehem, Pa.; T. M. Dodson, Bethlehem, Pa.
Bellevernon Coke Co., Pittsburgh; capital, $40,-
000; incorporators, John H. Hillman, Jr., Pittsburgh;
Holmes A. Davis, Wilkinsburg, Pa.; W. H.
Wilkey and W. W. I arshall, Uniontown, Pa.
The River Valley Colliery Co., Hawk's Nest, W.
Va.; capital, $25,000; incorporators, D. XV. Boone
and G. A. Thompson, of Lookout, W. Va.; Daniel
Boone and A. M. Boone, of Hawk's Nest.
Chattanooga Iron & Coal Corporation, Chattanooga,
Tenn.; capital, $2,500,000; incorporators,
C. E. Buek, H. R. Lace, A. W. Chambliss, A. Shalliday
and John A. Chambliss.
Norton Coal Mining Co., Birmingham, Ala.: capital,
$300,000; incorporators, Sterling S. Lanier, Birmingham,
Ala.; Sterling S. Lanier, Jr., T. F. Callard,
Mortonville, Ky.
Gilman Black Diamond Coal Co., Gilman City,
Mo.; capital, $2,800; incorporators, W. G. Davisson,
C. C. Hagerty, R. S. Hagerty, J. H. Prindle, J. A.
McCray, D. E. Fair.
Penn-Erie Coal Co., Parkersburg, W. Va.: capital,
$10,000; incorporators, E. M. Gilkeson, A. H.
Kunst, H. I'. Camden. Annie Aiken. A. C. Finley,
all of Parkersburg.
Preston Fuel Co., Philadelphia; capital, $300,000;
incorporators, Buckner Clay, George E. Price, R.
M. Price, A. C. Collins, and R. S. Spillman, all of
Charleston, W. Va.
The Magnolia Coal Co., Magnolia, O.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, John H. Rice, John J. Williams,
Emmet S. Closs, D. O. Vankirk and L. N.
Scbeideger.
Carbon Fuel Co., Des Moines, la.; capital, $10,-
000; incorporators, F. V. Dole, president; H. M.
Shuler, vice president and secretary; B. C. Holm,
treasurer.
Netta Coal Co., Cleveland, O.; capital, $50,000;
incorporators, Howard A. Couse, T. Carleton,
Charles A. Morris, Owen N. Wilcox and R. G. Curren.
Carbon Coal & Coke Co., Great Falls, Mont.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, George Wilson, James
R. Brown, John Hackett, all of Sand Coulee, Mont.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
Eureka Coal Co., Deadwood, W. Va.; capital.
$100,000; incorporators, George W. McClintic, W.
B. Matthews, Lawrence P. Williams. H. G. Walsh,
Charleston, W. Va.; C. D. Hopkins, Athens. O.
Washington Coal Mining Co., Seattle, Wash.;
capital, $30,000; incorporators, A. H. McCombs
and B. A. Brown of Seattle, Wash.
Underwood Coal & Mining Co., Coulterville, 111.;
capital, $6,500; incorporators, Mark L. Underwood,
Alfred Jaarson Lewis D. Jones.
Indiana Mining & Development Co., Lagrange,
lnd.; capital, $12,000; incorporators, A. R. Wyatt,
I. J. Vaughan and G. H. Lynch.
H. T. Schaefer Co., Inc., Boston, Mass.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, Henry T. Schaefer. Otillie
E. Schaefer, Harry J. Jacquith.
Walker-Gibson Coal Co., Pittsburg, Kan.; capital,
$2,500; incorporators, William Walker, J. A. Gibson,
Roy S. Gibson and others.
Corbin Jellico Fuel Co., Corbin, Ky.; capital,
$1,000; incorporators, Oscar \Y. Black, Lee B. Mc-
Hargue and George G. Brock.
Murray Coal Co., Indianapolis, lnd.; capital,
$3,000; incorporators, James G. Murray, Sara D.
Murray, Vinson H. Manifold.
Coal Creek Mining Co., Mchawk, Okla.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, R. I. Martin, C. L. Martin,
G. D. Martin, all of Tulsa.
Pleasant Valley Coal &. Coke Co., Coalton, Okla.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators. J. P. Davison, N. C.
Randall and P. R. Allen.
Consumers Coal Co., Camden, N. J.; capital, $50,-
000; incorporators, J. M. Russel, A. M and E. M.
Garrison, Camden, N. J.
La Marsh Coal Co., Mapleton, 111.; capital, $5,-
000; incorporators. Joseph Statem, J. Joseph Blessing,
Hiram E. Tood.
Cumberland Co., Baltimore, Md.; capital, $1,759,-
725; incorporators include George C. Jenkins and
Edward Hambleton.
N. J. Fletcher Coal Co., Atchison, Kan.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, N. J. Fletcher, Roy Fletcher,
Ralph Fletcher.
Decota Coal Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; capital, $15,-
000; incorporators, W. J. Faux, D. P. Stanton and
E. M. Saunders.
Crescent Coal Co., Rockwood, Tenn.: capital, $5,-
000; incorporators, G. A. Chandler, W. H. Anderson
and others.
Raccoon Coal Co., Hazard, Ky.; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, S. A. D. Jones, Anna Jones and
W. M. Jones.
Kyomie Coal Co., Birmingham, Ala.; capital,
$60,000; incorporators, W. Perry and T. B. Perry
and others.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
<
THE EFFECT OF STEMMING ON THE EFFICIENCY OF EXPLOSIVES^
By Walter O. Snelling and Clarence Hall
All commercial explosives owe their power ot
doing work to the expansive force of the great
volume of gas evolved from them at the moment
of explosion. The pressure exerted by this gas
in the drill hole or other confined space in which
the explosion is brought about is what makes explosive
substances of value in mining or other industries
and is the primary cause of all those
manifestations of energy that follow the firing of a
charge.
Common black blasting powder, on explosion.
produces about 390 times its own volume of permanent
gases; 40 pei cent, dynamite produces
about 530 times its own volume of permanent
gases; and nitroglycerin produces somewhat more
than 747 times its own volume of permanent
gases. These proportions of volume of gases to
volume of explosive are those that would be found
if the gases were measured under normal condi
tions of temperature and pressure, but at the moment
of explosion the gases are highly heated, and
therefore tend to occupy a volume much greater
than the figures given above.
The experienced miner knows that for a slowburning
explosive, such as black blasting powder,
a considerable amount of stemming® must be
firmly tamped in the drill hole in order to produce
such confinement as is required to obtain
the maximum effect from a shot. Dynamite and
similar explosives, however, give very powerful
effects without being confined at all, and so some
miners have come to believe that dynamite and
other "high" explosives do not require stemming,
and that rock can be broken as effectively by firing
cartridges of explosive in a drill hole without
stemming as by using well-tamped stemming
to confine tlie charge. But this belief is by no
means general. It has long been noted that those
miners who have greatest success in the use of
"high" explosives have recognized that earth or
clay should be used as a
STEMMING FOR Al.l SHOTS,
and that the careful tamping of these materials
into place increases the effect of a blast.
Tbe structure of rocks and the direction of
cracks and partings are so variable that it is quite
impossible to drill in a face oi coal or rock two
shot holes absolutely alike and representing exactly
the same conditions. Hence it is im-
Tiln the publication of the Bureau of Mines, the
word "stemming" is used to designate the material
used to confine an explosive in a drill hole,
and the word "tamping" is used to designate the
act of ramming tbe stemming into the hole
*Technical Paper No. 17. United States Bureau of Mines.
possible to make in a .nine or quarry a test that
would settle definitely the question of just what
advantages are gained by tbe use of stemming
with "high" explosives. By comparative tests
much evidence has been gathered to show that shot
holes in which a large quantity of well-tamped
stemming is used give better results than those
in which no stemming is employed, but from the
lack of definite proof that the conditions in the
tests were identical, this evidence has not been
sufficient to convince those miners who do not
believe that stemming increases the efficiency oi a
shot
One ot the main purposes of the work of tin
Bureau of Mines is to increase safety in mining
operations, and the carrying out of this purpose
involves a study of the best methods for the safe
and economical use of explosives. The efficiency
ot stemming seemed to be a matter that could be
tested experimentally in a precise manner by selecting
a material of uniform structure, and by
using stemming in some of the tests and not using
it in others. Consequently the authors undertook
the experiments described in this paper; the firing
of the shots and the measurements of the expansion
produced were done by W. C. Cope ancl A. .1.
Hazlewood, of the bureau.
The Trauzl lead block furnishes one of the simplest
means for measuring the relative strength
of "high" explosives. A cylinder of lead, 20 centimeters
(7 7 s inches) in diameter and 20 centimeters
(7 7 s inches) high, contains a bore hole
2.5 centimeters (1 inch | in diameter and 12.5 centimeters
(5 inches) in length.
A known amount of the explosive under test is
placed in the bore bole and then fired. The pressure
of tlie gases evolved by
ITIK EXPLOSIVE EXPANDS
the hole into the pear-shaped cavity. The original
volume- of the bore hole is determined by
measuring the amount of water required to fill it
exactly; the volume, after a test, is determined in
the same way. The difference between the volume
of the hole after the firing of the charge and
the volume before is taken as a measure of the.
force exerted by the explosive.
The authors believed that this test could be
modified so as to indicate accurately the exact increase
of efficiency, if any, that is effected by the
use of stemming. If two tests of equal charges
of the same explosive be made ancl similar blocks
be taken, the charge in one test being unoonfmed
and in the other test confined by a definite quantity
of stemming, then evidently any difference in
efficiency due to the use of stemming will be

shown by the difference in ihe expansion of the
bore hole in the two tests.
The apparatus used in the experimental studyis
a iead block, cast from new lead of known
purity, is 20 centimeters (7 T S inches) in diameter
and 20 centimeters |7 T S inches) high, and
contains a bore hole 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) in
diameter and 12.5 centimeters (5 inches) in
depth. A steel spindle 39.5 centimeters < 15• • (
inches) in length, contains a bore hole having
the exact diameter ot that in the lead block; twc
steel plates, from the top and bottom of the apparatus,
and four steel rods hold the apparatus
together.
Several series of tests were made with black
blasting powder, 40 per cent, strength ammonia
dynamite, and 40 per cent, "straight" dynamite.
because it was recognized that (he effect of different
weights and kinds of stemming might vary
greatly with toe manner in which the energy of
the explosive was developed. Black blasting powder
is a slew-burning or non-detonating exposive,
and therefore charges of this powder must be confined
by stemming to give useful effects. Forty
per cent, strength ammonia dynamite is a quickacting
or detonating explosive. Forty per cent.
"straight" dynamite detonates very quickly. It
is an explosive of the type often used for -'adobe"
or mud-capping shots, and
IS FREQUENTLY ASSUMED
to give equally effective results with or without
stemming.
Several different stemming materials were selected
tor tbe tests, since it seemed that an investigation
of the relative efficiency of different kinds
of stemming might be made a pait of the study.
Dry sand, both tamped and untamped; dry fire
clay, tampecl and untamped; and moist sand.
tamped, and moist fire clay, tampecl, were used.
The first tests were made io determine whether
10 per cent, strength ammonia dynamite, the in
termediate explosive selected for test, would give
more powerful effects with stemming than without.
Twenty grams of this dynamite was placed
within the bore hole of a Trauzl lead block. A
No. 6 double-strength electric detonator was placed
within the charge, and the apparatus was then
assembled. No stemming was used. The original
volume of the bore hole in the lead block was
63 cubic centimeters, and the volume after the
explosion 293 cubic centimeters, hence the enlargement
or expansion of the hole from the shot
was 230 cubic centimeters.
In ihe second test the same weight, 20 grams
of 40 per cent, strength ammonia dynamite, was
used in a new lead block exactly similar to the
one used in the first experiment. The charge was
placed in tbe bottom of the bore hole and a No.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
6 detonator was placed in contact with it. One
hundred grams of dry sand so sized that it passed
lhrough a 40-mesh bat was caught, on an 80-mesh
sieve, was poured into the bore hole, and then the
shot was fired. The expansion of the bore hole
was 434 cubic centimeters. In the previous experiment,
without stemming, the expansion was
only 230 cubic centimeters, consequently the use
of stemming increased tiie expansion 20! cubic
centimeters, or SS per cent.
The preliminary exeriments having shown a remarketable
gain in effect by
'1 HE USE oE STEMMING
several similar experiments were performed to
make sure that the gain was not the outcome of
chance oi accident, imt was leally due to the use
of stemming. In all these experiments, however,
it was found I hat when stemming was used the
enlargement of the bore hole was increased about
88 per cent. Thus tbe experiments showed conclusively
that a given quantity of 40 per cent.
strength ammonia dynamite, with stemming, wil!
do the same amount of work as a much larger
quantity of the same explosive without stemming.
The preliminary tests having shown that the
use of stemming increases the efficiency of an
explosive, the authors decided to carry on all the
tests in such a way as to show just how much
the efficiency was increased by the use of different
quantities of stemming. Accordingly, tests were
made with each of tlie three selected explosives,
black blasting powder. 40 per cent, strength ammonia
dynamite, and 40 per cent, "straight" dynamite,
and with si:-, different stemming materials,
tamped dry fire clay, untamped dry fire clay,
tamped dry sand, untamped dry sand, tamped
moist fire clay, and tamped moist sand. Tests
were made with ea: h of these materials, using
6.25 grams of stemming, foflowed by 12.5 grams,
25 grams. 0 grams, loo grams, and 2500 grams.
in a few tests 30b an i 400 grams of stemming
were used.
Tbe ammonia dynamite used in these tests had
the following composition, by analysis:
Composition of 40 per cent, strength ammonia
dynamite used in tests.
(C. G. Storm, analyst).
Moisture 1-67
Nitroglycerin 22.65
Ammonium nitrate 18.38
Sulphur 6.00
Zinc oxide •°"
Sodium nitrate 40.89
Starch 6.33^
Wood pulp and crude fiber 3.58
100,00
The preliminary experiments to determine the
expansion of tbe bore hoie with and without the
use of stemming have been mentioned. The next

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tests were made with the several weights of untamped
dry sand as stemming. The results of
these tests is shown in the following tabulation:
Expansion of bore hole by a charge of 20 grams of
40 per cent, strenglh ammonia dynamite,
with different weights of untamped
dry sand as stemming.
Expansion of bore hole
Weight of stemming. in cubic centimeters.
0 grain 230
6.25 grams 304
12.5 grams 359
25 grams 408
50 grams 408
100 grams 434
200 grams 416
The figures show- the progressive increase of the
expansion and therefore of the effective work
done by the explosive, with tbe successively larger
weights oi stemming, and also show that, as compared
with an unconfined charge, a little stemming
has a much greater relative influence on the effectiveness
of a shot than a large amount. When
6.25 grams of stemming was used, the effective
work clone, as measured by the
EXPANSION OF THE BORE
hole, was increased 32 per cent. When 12.5
grams of stemming was used, the work done was
further increased 24 per cent. When the weight
of stemming was again doubled. 25 instead of
12.5 grams being used, the energy utilized in expanding
the block increased 21 per cent. Doubling
the amount of stemming, to 100 grams and then
to 200 grams, increased the expansion of the bore
bole only a little.
Tests with untamped fire clay for stemming
gave results as follows:
Expansion of bore hole by 20-gram charges of 40
per cent, strength ammonia dynamite,
with different weights of untamped
dry fire clay as stemming.
Expansion of bore hole
Weight of stemming. in cubic centimeters.
0 gram 230
6.25 grams 288
12.5 grams 347
25 grams 3S5
50 grams 387
100 grams 3S1
200 grams 378
300 grams 384
In these tests also a small amount of stemming
decidedly increased the efficiency of the explosive,
and larger amounts increased the efficiency at a
decreasing rate for each increase in the amount
of stemming. With more than 50 grams of stemming
there was very slight gain in efficiency.
The table shows a slight decrease in efficiency from
the use of 200 grams of stemming. Similar discrepancies
appear in other tables in this paper.
They result from the slight but unavoidable
sources of error in the tests. For instance, the
lead blocks, though as similar as they can be
made, differ a little in compressibility and other
properties. Evidently under the conditions of
these experiments, moist fire clay was the most
efficient and untamped dry fire clay the least efficient
stemming. In comparison with unstemmed
shots, small quantities of stemming. 50 grams or
less, usually increased the efficiency of the explosive
from a minimum of 15 per cent., with tamped
moist sand to a maximum of 87 per cent, with untamped
dry sand. Tests with explosives other
than 40 per cent, strength ammonia dynamite show
widely differing relations, because the differences
in the rate at wdiich the gases and other products
of explosion are evolved prevents the stemming
that is most efficient for one explosive from being
as efficient for others. Thus in tlie tests with
black blasting powder tamped dry
FIRE CLAY PROVED
a more efficient stemming material than tamped
moist fire clay. Other irregularities also will be
pointed out.
The black blasting powder used in these tests
was found on analysis to have the following composition:
Composition of black powder used in tests.
(J. H. Hunter, analyst).
Moisture 0.65
Sodium nitrate 71.80
Sulphur 10.71
Charcoal 16.81
lOO'.OO
This powder is known as FFF; the sizing test
gave, the following result:
Result of sizing black blasting powder used, in
tests.
Diameter of mesh:
Grade. Through which On which Percentage
grains passed, were caught. caught.
FFFF 5/64 17 r,0
FFF 7/64 5/64 60.50
FF 14/64 7/64 22.00
The first experiments of this series were made
to determine the expansion produced in lead
blocks without stemming. In each test 20 grams
of the black powder were put in the bore hole of
the lead block, a black-powder igniter was inserted
in the powder so that the charge could be
ignited by electricity, and the spindle was put in
place. Several tests were made, but in none was
there a perceptible enlargement of the bore hole,
although the firing of each charge gave a loud report
like that of a shotgun. The pressure required
to enlarge tlie bore hole of the lead block
is high, ancl cannot be obtained with unconfined
charges of black blasting powder, because the gases
from the burning powder escape as rapidly as they
form.

Several experiments with 0.25 grams, 12.5
grams, and 25 grams ot each of several types of
stemming were tried, but in no test was there a
perceptible enlargement of the bore hole. With
20 grams of black powder and 50 grams of tamped
dry fire clay the enlargement of the bore hole
was 7 c. c, and with 20 grams of the explosive and
50 grains of the tampecl moist fire clay the enlargement
was 1 c. c. These tests
SHOW THAT CHARGES
of black blasting powder require stemming to produce
any useful effect in blasting.
The results demonstrate veiy clearly that a
large quantity of well-tamped stemming is required
to obtain the full useful effect from a
charge of a non-detonating explosive. The enlargement
of the bore hole in the different tests
shows a tendency to increase as the quantity of
stemming is increased and as the stemming is
packed more tightly in the bore hole. Consequently,
it is safe to say that with black blasting
powder and similar explosives the largest
quantity of stemming that can be employed will
prove in general the most efficient. In order to
utilize properly the strength of black blasting
powder it seems necessary to make the confining
powder of the stemming equal at least to the ultimate
breaking strength of the surrounding rock,
and evidently such confining power cannot be obtained
yvithout filling the bore hole as full as possible
with stemming.
The rate at which gases are evolved from black
blasting powder is extremely slow compared with
the rate of detonation of detonating explosives
and the gases tend to find the point of least resistance.
If this point is in an undercut, or is in
the weak side of the mass of rock or coal to be
dislodged, useful effects will be obtained from the
shot. It, on the contrary, the drill hole is tiie
point of least resistance, then a large part, or perhaps
all, of the strength of (he shot will be employed
in blowing out the stemming and not in
breaking rock or coal.
As a check on these tests of the effect of stemming
on charges of black powder, a series of experiments
were made in an entirely different manner.
Charges of black powder, with different
weights of stemming, were fired from a small steel
cannon, and the explosive force in each test was
measured by the deflection or swing of a heavy
pendulum against which the charge was fired.
The cannon had a bore hole 5.7 centimeters (2.25
inches) in diameter and 53 centimeters (21.5
inches) in length. The pendulum was an old
mortar, weight about 30,000 pounds, suspended
from knife edges so as to swing freely.
Tests were made with FF, FFFF, C, and CCC
black blasting powder and dry fire-clay stem­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
ming in amounts of 2, 3, 4, and 5 pounds. The
swing of the pendulum was
GREATER IX TIIE TESTS
with the larger amounts of stemming and the increase
of swing was, roughly, proportioned to How-eight
of stemming employed. In all the tests
with the same weight of powder increasing the
weight o 1 ' stemming increased the swing of the
pendulum.
Composition of 40 per cent, dynamite used in tests.
(C. G. Storm, analyst).
Moisture 1.45
Nitroglycerin 39.46
Sodium nitrate 42.62
Calcium carbonate 1.11
Wood pulp 15.36
100.00
The 40 per cent, dynamite used in the stemming
tests w-as analyzed, with the following results:
This dynamite acts rapidly and is assumed by
many miners to give equally useful results whether
confined by stemming or not confined at all. The
experiments with 40 per cent, ammonia dynamite
and with black blasting powder had shown that
any such assumption in regard to those explosives
is entirely wrong, and so the determination ot
the increase of efficiency, if any, from the use ot
stemming with a very rapid explosive, such as 40
per cent, "straight" dynamite, was deemed of particular
importance
Twenty grams of the 40 per cent, dynamite,
without any stemming, produced an enlargement
of 367 c. c. in the bore hole of the lead block.
With the same charge of explosive and 6.25 grams
of untamped dry sand for stemming, the enlargement
of the bore hole was 462 c, c. an increase
of 95 c. c, or 26 per cent. With 6.25 grams of
tamped moist fire clay as stemming, the enlargement
of the bore hole was 507 c. c, an increase
of 140 c. c, or 38 per cent., over toe result obtained
without stemming. Thus it appears that
even with an explosive of such rapid action as
40 per cent, dynamite, whose rate of detonation
has been found to be 4,688 meters (14,574 feet)
per second, there is a great increase in efficiency
through the use of stemming. In the following
table is shown the expansion
PRODUCED IN A SERIES
of tests by the use of 20 grams of 40 per cent.
dynamite with moist fire clay as stemming. The
stemming in each test was tamped as compactly
as possible.
Expansion of bore hole by 20 grams of 40 per cent.
dynamite, with tamped moist fire clay as
stemming. c. c.
0 grams 367
6.25 grams 507
12.5 grams 547
25 grams 623
50 grams 643
100 grams 696
200 erams 710
400 grams 727

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The results show that stemming increases the
efficiency of 40 per cent, dynamite, and that with a
quick-acting explosne, as with the slower-acting
ammonia dynamite, small quantities of stemming
increase the efficiency in greater proportion than
further additions. Thus, in the above table, the
enlargement of the bore hole lrom the use of 12.5
grams of stemming was ISO c. c. more than the
enlargement from a charge without stemming, and
the inereased efficiency oi the explosive, measured
by the enlargement of tlie bore hole, was 49 per
cent.; the addition of a second 12.5 grains of stem­
ming increased the enlargement only 76 c. c, or
SI per cent.; ancl the addition of more than 375
grains of stemming enlarged the bore hole only
104 c. c, or 28 per cent., more than the first -2."
grams.
The foregoing experiments prove definitely that
confinement by tbe use of stemming greatly- increases
the efficiency of a charge of explosive. The
expansion of the bore hole of the lead blocks in
th j experiments is a good measure of the pressure
that is exerted on the wall of a drill hole by the
same explosives in actual mining operations; it
is reasonable to assume that tbe useful work done
by the explosives would be in the same ratio.
The increase in efficiency fiom the use of stemming
varies considerably with different explosives.
With slow-burning explosives, such as black blast­
ing powder, a large quantity of stemming is re­
quired for effective results, and the greater the
quantity of stemming used, and the more firmly
this stemming is tamped into ihe bore hole, the
greater is the useful work done by tbe shot.
Since the stemming in a drill hole is seldom as
firm or unyielding as the surrounding rock, as
much stemming should be used as can be placed
in the drill hole. Only when the
HOLE IS KILLED
completely with well-tamped stemming are conditions
most favorable for the maximum utiliza­
tion of the eneigy of the charge.
With 40 per cent, "straight" nitroglycerin dynamite,
which is very quick acting, and with 40
per cent, strength ammonia dynamite, which is
intermediate between tne slow-burning and the
very quick-acting or "high" explosives, such as
"straight" dynamite, stemming increases the efficiency
of a shot. Small quantities of stemming
greatly- increases the efficiency of very quick-act­
ing explosives, and further additions of stemming
increase the efficiency, but at a diminishing rate..
The authors' experiments covered only tlie- es­
sential factors affecting the efficiency of a shot,
other factors, such as safety from blown-out
masses of stemming, ancl, in coal mines, safety
from ignition of gas or dust, have to be consid­
ered also, and these factors all lead to conclu­
sions justifying the use of large quantities of
stemming. To obtain the greatest efficiency and
safety, every charge of explosive should be care­
fully confined by well-tamped stemming.
Although tlie tests were made with drill holes
of the same size, and tests with different sized
holes may show different relations, it is the belief
of the writers that when efficiency alone is to lie
considered, the length of the space occupied by
stemming in a drill hole should lie at least three
times the length of the space filled with explosive.
When explosives are used in gaseous or dusty-
coal mines, safety is the prime factor, and the
best practice is to fill the drill holes lo the mouth
with well-tamped stemming. The results of the
tests indicate that witli nigh explosives less stem­
ming need be used, but it shouid be remembered
that each small charge of the explosive used in
llie tests received the full effect of a powerful
detonator and its late cf detonation was the
maximum. The explosives used were freshly
made and in the iiest of condition. If explosives
are old. or if they are frozen when used, a greater
amount of stemming will be required to insure
effective results.
In certain metal mines in which the cost of
drilling holes is of great importance, the tend­
ency has been to use little stemming afnd in some
cases the holes have been completely filled with
explosive and no stemming used. In such cases
the detonators are usually placed in
THE LAST CARTRIDGE,
near the mouth of the drill hole. Obviously
the detonation of the charge near the mouth
of the drill hole is weak, but the detona-
;ion of this portion of tlie charge acts as an effec­
tive stemming to the balance of the charge. As
regards economy, tbe question is whether tbe in­
creased energy developed by the main portion or
the charge through the use of explosives in place
of stemming balances the extra cost of the explo­
sive. It is certain that old explosives produce
more poisonous gases when fired without stem­
ming, ancl the writers believe that equally effective
results can be obtained by replacing a part of the
explosive with moist clay stemming.
The results of tests made at the Pittsburgh
testing station with explosives similar to those
used in metal mines show that when a column of
explosives is detonated there is a decrease in the
rate of detonation at tiie end farthest from tbe
firing point. For this reason, it a weak deto­
nation should occur in the front part of the charge
in a drill hole without stemming, the decrease
in the rate of detonation of the main charge might
lie further emphasized.
When conditions in metal mines are such that
the cost of drilling holes deep enough to accom-

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
modate sufficient stemming is prohibitive, a primer DIFFERENT EXPLOSIVES
consisting ol one cartridge of a "straight" nitro- Under actual mining conditions, black powder has
glycerin dynamite, which detonates rapidly, and a been found to give the most effective results with
No. 6 detonator may be used to advantage on moist fire clay as stemming, but the- results of
top of tne charge Less stemming can then be tests with tbe Trauzl blocks seem to indicate that
used and the maximum efficiency more nearly an- moist sand or dry fire clay is a better stemming
orcadied. ,,,..„,•., ,„, . ,. , , ,
material. rhis discrepancy probably results from
In estimating the amount of stemming, the size the fact that Trauzl blocks, even when ritted with
ct the bore hole should be considered. The larger un iron spindle, are not well adapted for testing
the diameter of Hie hole the greater the length the efficiency of block powder and other slowot
stemming that should be usee. Another factor burning explosives. Ir. the tests described in this
to be considered is the work to be done by the paper the spa :e occupied by 20 grams of powder
blast. A shot that is not well balanced, in respect was approximately 1 inch in diameter and Hi
Expansion of bore hole by 20 grams of 40 per cent, strength ammonia dynamite, with different kinds
and weights of stemming.
Weight of stemming (grams).
Kind of stemming. 0 6.25 12.5 25 50 100- 201)"
Expansion of bore hole (c. c.)
Untamped dry -and 230 304 359 408 430 434 446
Untamped dry fire clay 230 288 347 385 387 381 378
ramped dry sand 230 . . . 355 379 393 397 417
I amped dry fire clay 230 2S5 339 3S3 389 379 381
Tamped moist sand 230 265 293 375 389 419 470
Tamped moist fire clay 230 280 341 3S2 407 462 487
Expansion of bore hole by 20 grams of black blasting powder (FFF), with different kinds and
weights of stemming.
Weight of stemming (grams).
Kind of stemming. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Expansion of bote hole (c. c.)
Untamped dry sand 0 0 4 30 56 70 64
Untamped dry fire clay 0 0 4 21 57 36 45
Tamped dry sand 0 0 27 61 53 61 45
Tamped dry fire clay 0 7 25 42 57 65 75
Tamped moist sand 0 o 38 57 71 79 83
Tamped moist fire clay .0 1 3 9 19 20 32
Expansion in bore hole of lead blocks by 20 grams of 40 per cent, straight nitroglycerin dynamite,
with different kinds and weights of stemming.
Weight of stemming (grams).
Kind of stemming. 0 6.25 12.5 25 50 100 200
Expansion of bore hole (c. c.)
Untamped di y sand 367 462 504 569 587 636 642
Untamped dry fire clay 367 460 490 574 578 590 589
Tampecl dry sand 367 454 503 591 592 615 612
Tamped dry fire clav 367 385 504 601 602 629 635
Tampecl moist sand 367 465 525 603 645 697 696
Tamped moist fire clay 367 507 547 623 643 696 710
to the quantity of explosive used and the position
of the hole with reference to tlie- work laid out,
will require a greater length of stemming than a
well-balanced shot.
Commercial explosives are detonated to best
effect and with the evolution of tbe least proportion
of poisonous cases when they are well confined.
Hence it is a safe practice to always tamp
a drill hole to the mouth.
Different stemming materials vary in the effect
(hey have on (he efficiency of
inches long. In a column of these dimensions
black blasting powder does not reach its maximum
rate of burning. The flame slowly spreads
from the powder grains adjacent to tbe igniter,
and accordingly there is a slow increase in pressure,
which tends to force the plastic clay in a
mass from the drill hole. Under actual mining
conditions, moist fire clay is a more effective stemming
material than is indicated by the results of
the tests with a very small bore hole, because
when large quantities of black powder are used

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the maximum rate of burning is more quickly approached,
and accordingly there is a more rapid
increase of pressure upon the stemming material.
The moist clay, owing to inertia, tends to require
some time to be moved by the gases pressing upon
it, and as a result of the inertia and the plasticity
of the clay, the stemming is forced into every
inequality- or rough place in the sides of the bore
hole, this action being analogous to the distribution
of pressure in liquids. In consequence the
plastic mass of stemming tends to hold its position
in the bore hole still mere solidly.
In tests made with 40 per cent, strength ammonia
dynamite, and 40 per cent, "straight" dynamite,
tamped moist fire clay
PROVED THE MOST EFFICIENT
stemming, and tamped moist sand ranked second,
while untamped dry fire clay was least efficient.
From these results tne general conclusion maybe
drawn that tamped moist fire clay, or some
similar plastic material, is the best stemming for
all explosives, and dry pulverulent material, such
as dry fire clay, is least efficient. This conclusion
is further strengthened by the results of tests
with the ballistic pendulum in which large quantities
of black blasting powder were used with
dry fire clay and moist fire clay stemming. The
greatest swing of the pendulum resulted from the
use of fire clay stemming containing about 11 per
cent, of moisture.
The use of the most efficient stemming materials
may increase the useful energy of a shot
93 per cent.; the use of the least efficient stemming
materials may increase that energy 60 per cent.
Accordingly it is clear that the use of stemming
is necessary when the maximum useful effect from
an explosive is desired.
COAL PRODUCTION IN
MONTANA SHOWS DECREASE.
The output of coal in Musselshell county,
Mont., for the year ending Oct. 30 is one-half as
great as it was in 1911, according to a compilation
made by State Coal Mine Inspector J. B. McDermitt.
This is the only county from which he has
received complete data.
During the year five mines were in operation,
886 men were employed for an average of 200 days
during the year, and the total output was 933,485
tons. Three men were killed and nine uninjured.
In 1911 the total tonnage was 643,648 tons, 822
men were employed for an average of 234 days,
and three men were killed and 13 injured.
Mr. McDermitt estimates the state's total output
of coal this year will he larger than ever before.
The number of fatalities shows a decrease,
10 men being killed this year to 13 last year.
VIRGINIAN TONNAGE FIGURES.
The following is a statement of coal and coke
shipments over the Virginian railway in tons for
the month of October:
Coal (Net Tons)
Gulf Smokeless Coal Co., Tams, W. Va 27,251
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co., Affinity, W.Va. 3,837
Pemberton Coal & CokeCo., Big Stick,W.Va. 11,128
Winding Gulf Colliery Co.. Winding Gulf,
W. Va 10,809
Bailey Wood Coal Co., Woodbay, W. Va.. . . 10,928
Herbert Collieries Co., Herberton, W. Va
E. E. White Coal Co., Glen White, W .Va. 26,304
E. E. White Coal Co., Stotesbury, W. Va.. 17,712
Slab Fork Coal Co., Slab Fork, W. Va 30,145
MacAlpin Coal Co., MacAlpin. W. Va 27,351
Gulf Coal Co., Patterson, W. Va 11,615
Lynwin Coal Co., Goodwin, W. Va 9,496
New River Collieries Co., Eccles, W. Va... 33,579
Loup Creek Colliery Co.. Page, W. Va.... 24,582
White Oak Ry., via Bisnop, W. Va 19,325
Kanawha. Glen Jean & Eastern Ry., via
Pax, W. Va 67,987
Long Branch Coal Co., Burgess, W. Va.. . . 6,469
Total 338,518
SUCCESSFUL BITUMINOUS
COAL CANDIDATES.
List of successful candidates at examinations for
mine foremen's certificates held under the British
Columbia Coal Mines Regulation Act, at Nanaimo,
Fernie, Cumberland and Merritt, B. C, October 29,
30, and 31, 1912:
First Class—Edward Willey, Fernie; Andrew-
Millar, Blairmore; James Dickson, Nanaimo; Francis
Glover, Ladysmith; Wm. J. Mazy, Coal Creek;
Arthur Phelan, Vancouver.
Second Class—M. W. Garman, Nanaimo; .Martin
McGarry, Bellevue, Alta.; Mathew Littler, Michel;
Thomas Strang, Ladysmith; David Shanks, Coal
Creek; J. R. Kirkwood, Middlesboro; Richard Garbett,
Corbin: Alex. Dewar, Cumberland; William
Whitebouse Michel.
Third Class—Thomas J. Wood, Nanaimo;
Thomas Rowdiettom, Merritt; Edward McMillan,
Cumberland; Thomas Bann, Coal Creek; Robert
Fowler, Hosmer; James Walker, Coal Creek; Peter
Carr, Cumberland; Robert Oakes, Michel; James
White, Fernie; Alex. Rowan, Nanaimo; James
Maltman, Hosmer; James Blair, Merritt; Robert
Potter, North'.ield; James Waidrop, Hosmer; James
Genimel, Merritt; Edward Royle, Michel; John
Ireson, Corbin; Edward Griffith, Fernie; Thomas
Hartley, Merritt; George Elmes, Michel.

Messrs. James Graham, Pittsburgh, of the Johns-
Manville Co.; George Crawford. Pittsburgh, of the
Sullivan Machine Co.; R. M. Mason of the George-
R. McAbee Powder & Oil Co., Pittsburgh; J. C.
Ross of tlie Ohio Grease Lubricant Co., Loudonville,
Ohio; H. B. Lacy of the Colonial Supply Co.,
Pittsburgh; Gove S. Taylor of the Magnolia Metal
Co., Pittsburgh; John S. Askins of the Jeffrey
Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh; A. W. Taggert of
the Pratt & Cady Co., Pittsburgh; W. E. Brosius
of tlie Pyiene Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgli; R.
K. Roth of the Standard Supply & Equipment Co.,
Pittsburgh; L. D. Shirley of the Clement Restein
Co., Philadelphia, were among those recently calling
on the coal interests of the Latrobe-Greensburg
fields.
Mr. Thomas Carraher, who for several years
was mine superintendent of the Chicago-Carterville
Coal Co., has just accepted the position of
general superintendent for (lie W. P. Rend Co.
mines in Franklin county, 111. Mr. J. P. Ohle,
formerly^ general superintendent of tbe W. P. Rend
mines, has been promoted to the position of genera!
manager of the mines. Mr. Evan John has
been appointed genera! superintendent of the two
mines of the Chicago-Carterville Coal Co. to succeed
Mr. Carraher.
Mr. William D. Ryan, who has been for years
commissioner of the Southwestern lntei state Coal
Operators' Association with headquarters at Kansas
City, Mo., tendered his resignation to the executive
committee of the association to take effect
December 1st. Mr, Ryan will remain in Kansas
City, near which he has bought a tract of coal
land, now being managed and developed by his
son, ancl will enter the wholesale and retail coal
business.
Mr. J. P. Thompson of Elkins, W. Va., has tendered
his resignation as general land agent of the
Coal & Coke Railway Co. and Davis Colliery Co.,
to take effect Jan. 1, 1913. Mr. Thompson expects
to devote his time to his profession as mining engineer,
and to looking after his coal, oil, gas and
land interests.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
Mr. George H. Frazier, of Brown Bros. & Co.,
was elected a member of the boards of managers
of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co., the Lehigh
ancl New England Railroad at meetings of the
two boards Dec. lo. He succeeded tbe late James
M. Duane.
Mr. W. L. A. Johnson has been chosen commissioner
for tbe Southwestern Interstate Coal Operators'
convention for the state of Missouri; Mr.
George Richardson for Kansas, and Mr. Robert
Finney for Arkansas and Oklahoma.
At the meeting of the National Board of Steam
Navigation held in Washington, D. C, Dec. 4,
Capt. J. Frank Tifley of Pittsburgh was re-elected
vice president and Mr. C. C. Bunton of Pittsburgh
was chosen as a member of the board of directors.
Mr. W. B. Powell, former president of District
IS, Western Canada, United Mine Workers of
America, has been appointed in charge of the mine
rescue station at Lithln idge, which has been
erected by the Canadian government.
Mr. G. W. Shaw, of Pittsburgh, has been appointed
traffic manager of the Monongahela River
Consolidated Coal & Coke Co. in Louisville, Ky.,
territory, succeeding Max Seebolt, resigned.
Air. Morgan E. Phelps, of the Independent Coal
Co. of Baltimore ancl the Carroll Coal Co., was married
recently, his bride being Miss Florence G.
Mr. Roy D. Hunter has resigned as general sales McLean of Baltimore.
manager of tbe Sullivan Machinery Co. Mr.
Hoyvard T. Walsh, who has been the European
agent of the company, with headquarters in London,
is appointed general sales manager, with headquarters
in Chicago. Mr. Austin Y. Hoy, repre­
Mr. W. H. Lewis of Detour, Mich., has succeeded
the late William L. Sherwood as manager of the
coal department of Pickands, Mather & Co., at
Detour.
sentative of the- company in Spokane, Wash., suc­ Mr. Walter S. Bogle, president of the Crescent
ceeds Mr. Walsh in London. Mr. Louis R. Chad- Coal & Mining Co., recently was married in St.
wick of the St. Louis office, succeeds Mr. Hoy as
local manager in Spokane.
Louis to Clotilcle Desmond Barry.
NORFOLK AND WESTERN COAL TONNAGE.
Following shows the coal and coke tonnage produced
by the mines on the Norfolk & Western
railway in West Virginia for tbe month of November,
1912:
N. & W. Trans. Tipple Total
Field. Coal. Coal. Coal. Coke.
Poca. field ... 1,167,177 17,283 1,184,460 109,526
Tug River . . 192,071 4,362 196,433
Thacker 237,067 6,612 243,679
Kenova 70,772 6,176 76,948
Total 1,667,087 34,433 1,701,520 109,526
Tlie Morrow Coal Co., of Wellston, O., has discovered
a 38-inch vein of coal at Hamden, O., just
255 feet from the surface.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
INDIANA COAL PRODUCTION TOTALS
14,204,578 TONS DURING FISCAL YEAR.
In the annual report of Frank I. Pearce, state
mine inspector of Indiana, which was sent to
Elliott R. Hooton, chief of the bureau of inspection,
Dec. 3, for incorporation in his report, Mr.
Pearce says the production for tlie year ending
Sept. 30, 1912, was 14,204,578 short tons.
The falling off of block coal production in Indiana
is shown graphically by the report that only
513,700 tons of block coal were mined. Besides
the time lost in the wage settlement, many mines
lost time because ot local strikes and car shortages.
Of the coal production, 7,35S,S63 tons were mined
by machines and 6,845,715 tons were mined by
hand.
The total wages reported weve $12,302,947.71, a
fraction more than $0,898 a ton. Tne wages in
(he block coal field were $786,053.61, a fraction
more than $1.53 a ton. All wages for the year
were $13,089,001.32.
The figures, touching the consumption of coal
mined in Indiana by Indiana purchasers, form
part of the report. Of bituminous coal S,023,701
tons were consumed in Indiana and 5,667,177 tons
shipped. Of block coal 198,622 tons were consumed
in Indiana and 315,07S tons shipped. The
increa.se in the home consumption is, approximately,
1 per cent.
The numbei of employes in the industry was
21,230, an increase of 452 over the first nine.
months of the year 1911 (during which time Inspector
Pearce held office). Of the number of
employes, 19,703 were in the bituminous mines
and 1,527 in block coal mines.
The average ware of each bituminous employe
was $624.42, and the average annual wage for the
block eoal employe was $314.77. The average
wage of all was $616.53.
There were 37 fatal accidents during the year.
The report shows a reduction in the number of
persons killed a thousand.
The market prices of mined eoal in Indiana
during the period from Octolier 1. 1911, to December
1, 1911, (bituminous), ranged from $1 to $1.35
a ton for mine-run f. a. b. cars at the mine, and
for scieened block coal the prices ran from $1.90
fo $2.25 a ton f. o. b. at the mine (except yearly
contracts). From January 1 to March 30, 1912,
selling prices lor mine-run bituminous coal i excepting
yearly contracts) ranged from |1 35 to
SI.90 a ton, ancl the price of screened block coal
ranged from $2.25 to S2.75 a ton f. o. b. at the
mine.
The higher prices paid during the latter period
were due to a wage agreement, which was for two
years, expiring on March 31.
From June 1 to September 30, 1912, the selling
price of mine-run bituminous ranged from $1.15
to $1.20 at the mine and for screened block coal
at the mine the prices ranged from $2.05 to $2.20.
Nine neyv mines and additional "seams" in seven
mines already in operation, were opened, and eighteen
mines and "seams" were abandoned. Fountain
ancl Perry counties, until this year, for some
time past, have not had mines working ten or
more men. The report of the state official takes
in only mines employing ten or more men. Tiie
report shows how rapidly the production of both
types of coal in Clay county is dwindling.
The county, when Indiana's e0al boon: started,
was the highest in production for many years.
Vigo led all ihe other counties in total production.
She turned out 3,108.258 tons of bituminous
coal and 122.960 tons of block. Clay county
was the heaviest block coal producer in the state
with 277,270 tons. The counties, in the order of
their production, follow: Vigo, 3,291,215 tons
(122,960 tons block); Sullivan, 3,107,368 tons;
Greene, 2,442,342 tons; Vermillion, 1.581,800; Knox,
995,490; Clay, 685.842 (277,270 tons block); Warrick,
547,598; Pike, 511,387; Parke, 487,909 (111,-
671 tons block); Vanderburg, 286,567: Gibson,
206,741; Daviess, 57,931; Perry, 1,799 (ail block),
and Fountain, 589.
THE KEYSTONE COAL AND COKE COMPANY'S
NEW MINE IS MOST MODERNLY EQUIP­
PED.
A modern up-to-date mine which, when in full
operation, it is expected, will employ 1,000 miners,
has been opened at Crow's Nest, Pa., by the Keystone
Coal & Coke Co., which is equipped throughout
with the most modern electrical haulage and
mining machinery in tbe country. The company
has contracted with the West Penn Light & Power
Co. for the supply of electric power to operate tbe
big plant.
Not a boiler is required to furnish steam power
for use in operating the plant. The coal is
hauled in all the main entries by electric power
and the services of mules reduced to the minimum.
The digging machines are operated by electricity,
and wherever the subtle fluid ean be made to do
the work it yvill be used.
The electric system, which experts pronounce
the most, up-to-date extant, has just been installed
by the General Electric Co.
A modern steel and concrete tipple has been completed,
as have the railroad sidings
A contract I'or the erection of 30 new modern
four-room dwellings, costing $30,000, has been
let to Contractor John W. Burrell. The companyhas
during the past two years built a model town
at the new yvorks. The lots are very large ancl

the miners all have big gardens. The company
has also lighted and kept the streets in good condition.
The town is a modern industrial one. It has a
school building of three rooms, gymnasium, with
bowling alleys, game and reading rooms, assembly
rooms for church purposes and entertainments,
and an athletic field of ten acres and other modern
advantages.
The dispute between the Carpenters' Union and
the United Mine Workers as to wdiich organization
the carpenters employed in and about the
mines should belong was settled at a conference
at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Dec. 3. It was decided
carpenters employed by the coal companies in
building houses should belong to the Carpenters'
Union ancl all others must seek membership in
the United Mine Workers. William Green, of Indianapolis,
statistician of the United Mine Workers,
and District Presidents Dempsey, Fahey and
Kennedy represented the miners at the conference.
A two-days' session of the members of the executive
boards of districts Nos. 1, 7 and 9, United Mine
Workers of America, was held in Shamokin, Pa.,
Dec. 6 and 7, the purpose of the session being to
consider the old mining laws and make suggestions
as to the revision of those portions which
are deemed of most importance to the miners, same
to be submitted to the board of revision appointed
by Governor Tener last spring.
At the miners' conciliation board meeting in
Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Dec. 2, a resolution was adopted
sustaining the grievance of the Lehigh Valley Coal
Co. against the mine committee at the Hazleton
shaft colliery for inciting the men to strike because
a machinist boss had refused to join the
union.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
A draft of a bill to be presented at the coming
meeting of the Pennsylvania State Federation of
Labor, limiting the powers of the state constabulary
is being prepared by officers of the United
-Mine Workers of America in District No. 7 (anthracite
field).
District Mine Inspector Vaughn, of the Third
district, will hold an examination for mine foremen
and fire bosses at Clarksburg, W. Va., Dec.
17 and 18, and this will be the last examination
before spring.
Mine Inspector A. B. Lamb, of Shenandoah, Pa.,
has caused the arrest of John Hershey and Patrick
Connelly, miners on a charge of violating the
mining layv by tamping dynamite with an iron
drill.
An examination for mine foremen and fire bosses
will be held at Clarksburg, W. Va., Dec. 17 and IS.
The examination will be under the supervision of
members of the state department of mines.
Thomas Haggerty, a miner of Latrobe. Pa., is
under $200 bail for trial on a charge of smoking
in the Dorothy mine, near that place. Mine In­
spector C. B. Ross is the prosecutor.
W. B. Wilson, former international secretary of
the United Mine Workers of America, was not reelected
to Congress at the recent election.
International Organizer Robert Arkle of the
United Mine Workers, died at his home at Pitts :
burg, Kan., Dec. 1.
William Green, international statistician of the
United Mine Workers, has been re-elected to tbe
Miles Dougherty, an official of the United Mine
Ohio Senate.
Workers, was exonerated by the miners' convention
ol district No. 9 at Pottsville, Pa., Dec. 12,
Tbe United Mine Workers, at Barnsboro, Pa.,
from the charge made by Assemblyman James A.
are rebuilding their hall recently destroyed by fire.
Maurer, Socialist, of Reading, that Dougherty has
been receiving Christmas preesnts of $1,000 annu­ The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has awarded the conally
from Andrew Carnegie. Maurer had absotract for the erection of 103 double houses for minlutely
no witnesses. Dougherty had originallyers to the Monongahela Saw & Planing Mill Co.
sprung the tale as a joke.
The contract approximates $160,000. All the
houses but 10 will be built in the Yough valley.
These 10 will be erected at Manown. Arrangements
are being made to begin at once on the work.
Mr. P. B. Cosgrove, a retired coal operator in
the Cambria county, Pa., ccal field, died at his
home in St. Augustine, Fla., recently. He is survived
by his widow and four sons. He was a
prominent Mason.
At the anthracite miners' concilation board meet­
Mills, Pa.
ing held in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Dec. 2, a resolution
The interment was at Osceola
was adopted sustaining the grievance of the Le­ The Jamison Coal & Coke Co. has opened a new
high Valley Coal Co. against the mine committee tract of coa) on the west side of its mine at Han-
at the Hazleton shaft colliery for inciting the men nastoyvn and is working it by a night shift. Elec­
to strike because a machinist boss had refused to tric equipment is to be put into the mine as soon
join the union.
as it is ready for working.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Kanawha Coal Operators Appeal.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 26)
Kanawha & Michigan railway as a double track
or a connecting link for through trains passing
between the Hocking Valley railway and Chesapeake
& Ohio railway, and over the Kanawha
& Michigan railway, while independent mines
on the Kanawha & .Michigan railway are put
out of business for the reason, it seems,
that if Kanawha & Michigan railway mines
were furnished equipment in which to ship
its coal, they would keep the single track of the
Kanawha & Michigan railway so occupied ancl busy
that it could not handle the through trains of the
Chesapeake & Ohio railway and Hocking Valley.
Which results in the local trains on the K. & M.
railway remaining practically idle while solid
trains of C. & O. coal pass K. & M. mines dailv
going into tbe western market and taking the business
formerly enjoyed by Kanawha & Michigan
operators. And hundreds of empty C. & O. railway
coal cars pass over the K. & M. railway daily
going east, but the coai mines on the Kanawha &
Michigan railway are not alloweci to load one of
them, not even to points directly on the main liDe
of the Chesapeake & Ohio railway, the owner of
the cars. And this refusal to alio v use of C. & 0.
railway cars as they move toward home as is customary
the world over, is continued notwithstanding
the fact that the operators have made earnest
appeals to the railroad officials asking that they
be allowed to load these C. & 0. cars as they pass
east."
The Roberts & Schaefer Co.. Chicago. Ill, has
just issued a new bulletin entitled "Marcus Combination
Screws and Picking Tables." in wdiich
they announce they have purchased the rights for
the United States and have recently completed
the first installation of the kind at Coalwood, W.
Va. The installation of this machine is going to
materially alter and improve the methods used in
the collieries of this country in the screening ancl
picking of coal.
YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
C A N get you a large
clean core of all strata under
your land tc be examined
in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
?TheJ. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
') Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
NOVEMBER ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS.
The shipments of anthracite coal for November
by the different companies in 1911 and 1912 follow:
Companies. 1911. 1912.
Philadelphia & Reading 1,288,4-57 1,243.111
Lehigh Valley 1,036,933 1,177,732
Jersey Central 827,009 812,870
Delaware, Lacka. & West. 855,741 889,560
Delaware & Hudson 600,321 635,575
Pennsylvania 679,176 509,75'.'
Erie 704,575 70S,611
New York, Ontario & West. 201,099 188,325
Total 6,193,314 6,165,536
The shipments of anthracite coal by months
were:
Month. 1911. 1912.
January 5,904,117 5,763,696
February 5,070,94S 5,875,968
March 5,996,894 6,569,687
April 5,804,915 266,625
May 6,317,352 1,429,357
June 6,215,357 6,199,428
July 4,S04,065 6,285,153
August 5,531,796 6,576,591
September 5,730,935 5,876,496
October 6,269,179 6,665,321
November 6,193,314 6,165,536
December 6,115,427
Totals 69,934,299 57,666,076
COAL TRADE CASUALTIES j
The office building of the Sonnhalter Coal Co..
Canton, O., was destroyed by fire recently, entailing
a loss of $1,000. Incendiarism was the cause
of tlie fire and is the second blaze at the mine from
the same cause in a month.
The power plant at the Catfish mine of H. K.
Wick & Co., near Meadville, Pa., was destroyed by
fire recently.
The tipple at Sloss mine No. 2, near Bessemer,
Ala., was burned Dec. 4, entailing a loss of $7,000.
While no proclamation was issued by Gov. Glasscock
lifting martial law in the coal strike district,
all tbe remaining state troops were withdrawn
from the zone Dec. 12. The military commission
concluded its work, but will not lie discharged
until the governor approves four sentences passed
by the commission.
At the postponed annual meeting of the stockholders
of the O'Gara Coal Co., Dec. 9, the retiring
directors yvere re-elected. Tlie board organized
by naming the old officers.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
"VICTOR"
Bituminous Coal
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708 2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Retail Coal Dealers' Association of Plain-
Wanted
field, N. J., has become affiliated with the local
Business Men's Credit Association, and the coal
Position as superintendent by married man, 39
years old. College and University graduate. Six­
men will now have at their command better faciliteen
years practical experience, mostly inside coal
ties for collecting bad debts and ascertaining the
mines Pittsburgh district, as miner, roadman, dri­
standing of applicants for credit.
ver, weighmaster, surveyor, fireboss, assistant mine
foreman, mine foreman and superintendent. Good
Marine freight rates on hard coal from New York
to Boston advanced Dec. C, 15 cents a ton owing
to higher operating costs.
FOR. SALE,
One Complete 3-Track R. R. Tipple Equipment
in first-class condition.
One Complete River Tipple Equipment. Will
sell at a great bargain.
PITTSBUUGH MINING Co.,
I -15 i3. Pomeroy. Ohio.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TUADE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes' up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
Located in the famous Southern
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and
of unsurpassed quality and quantity,
with excellent shipping facilities.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
A. bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre Haute, lnd.
health, good habits, and best of references. Salary
$250. Address A. B., Care of THE COAI. TRADE
BULLETIN.
FOR SALE.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
FOR. SALE-
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville R. R., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Madisonville, Ky.
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909- lO.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, PoTTSvniE, PA.

Relation of Forestry To Coal Mining.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 42)
case moved a tipple and conveyor house several
feet and made it necessary to take immediate and
expensive steps to save them from
ENTIRE DESTRUCTION.
In this case the original crack would probably
have done no damage, but the land being cleared,
there was a considerable rush of water which all
drained into the crack and caused a slip covering
a very large surface area but only three or four
feet in depth. Where cracks appeared in wooded
land it was noticed that they were rapidly filled
with debris, including leaves, bushes and trees
directly in line of the break; this gave the rapid
growing woods and briars a chance to spring up
and they in turn allowed the slower growing
underbrush opportunity to take root, rilling the
break in a short time. The actual damage done
to the wooded tand was not great as the number
of trees felled by the break was small in proportion
to the timber crop and young growth
rapidly took the place of that lost. There is no
doubt that hillsides which are now filling up
streams and destroying roads and even moving
buildings could be saved by the proper planting
of trees.
In conclusion it may be well to note that several
large companies, particularly the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company and Westmoreland Coal
Company, have seen the advisability of planting.
These companies have established Forestry Departments,
and, according to reports, are planting
several million trees, of various species, annually.
It would be well for the southern coal comiianies
to follow the example set, and plant their
nonproductive surface areas, as it would be difficult
to find a safer and more conservative investment,
or one more sure to bring in a good profit.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. til
COAL RECEIPTS AT HEAD OF
LAKES SHOW A DECREASE.
Receipts of hard and soft coal at the Duluth-
Superior harbors are less for the months of April,
May, June, July, August and September in 1912
than they were for the same period during the preceding
year, according to the report made by Capt.
E. D. Peek, C. E., U. S. A., at the Duluth government
office.
The figures for October and November have not
yet been compiled. They were the heaviest of the
whole season. A comparison of the figures for the
remaining months shows that the receipts of soft
coal in 1911 were 22,018 tons greater than in 1912.
It is expected the complete figures will compare
favorably with those for 1911.
Up to Sept. 20, 1911, the receipts of hard coal
were 181,328 tons greater than in 1912. For the
same period in 1910, the receipts were 215,614 tons
greater than this year.
Following are the figures of months for the hard
and soft coal receipts:
SOFT COAL.
April, 824,747; May, 1,090,954; June, 1,302,090;
July, 1,249,090; August, 823,242: September, 766,-
101; total, 5,290,719.
HARD COAL.
May, 7,000; June, 143,190; July, 153,157 August,
207,317; September, 292,7S6; total, 803,450.
The property of tbe Dominion Coal Co. at St.
Charles, Lee county, Virginia, was sold Dec. 7
under a decree of the Federal court to Charles W.
Bondurant for $55,000, the upset price fixed by
the court.
The dealers of North Adams, Mass., have decided
to make a charge of 25 cents a ton for carrying
coal into the house in baskets.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
SOUTH FORK, PENNSYLVANIA.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE nni/r
FOUNDRY I, I K T
CRUSHED UUIXLl
GENERAL OFFICES: - - - - GREENSBURG, PA.
| A6ME GOAL MINING COMPANY, 3*
S GREENSBURG. PA. ;
! MINERS AND SHIPPERS «j
: ACME AND AVONDALE 5
! HIGH GRADE STEAM GOALSJ
;, MINES, RIMKHSBUKG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. >
;J
;
SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R. S
s
5 C. J. RENWICK, Sales Agent, Prudential Building, BUFFALO, N. Y. 5
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| LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, j
5 LATROBE, PA. >
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APOLLO COAL CO.
*' MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF *
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COAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, JANUARY 2, 1913 No. 3
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. E. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
II. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are Invited.
All communications and icmittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
LoDg Distance Telephone 2130 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
BRIGHT PROSPECTS FOR 1913 exist in the coal in­
dustry and the first of the year sees mines active,
prices higher than they were at the opening of
1912, and industries on which the coal trade de­
pends for activity going along at a pace that spells
continued good times for the mines for some
months at least. Mines everywhere are active to
the extent of car and labor supply and while these
are getting somewhat better, yet there is consider­
able room for improvement.
All branches of the trade face the opening of
the year with the assurance that wage troubles
will not vex owners and employes—save in some
small fields where differences have existed for
some time—as was the case last year. For this
both sides are giving thanks. It means more
attention to production and disposition of tonnage
and less attention to other matters.
The real seasonal weather has not yet arrived
and this is having some effect on the trade, as
domestic consumption is still below maximum, and
this gives the trade opportunity to give fuel needs
of large consumers more attention than otherwise
would be the case. The fact that the steel in­
dustry shows no sign of letting down, but on the
other hand seems to be going forward to higher
marks is another phase of the situation that is
pleasing to the coal trade. Could the mines get
the cars needed there would be little to complain
of in the trade, at. this, the opening of a new year.
In the Pittsburgh district mines are working as
steadily as car supply and labor conditions per­
mit. The former is easing up a little and requi­
sitions for rolling stock made on the railroads
are meeting a slightly better return, although not
to the degree operators would like to see. In this
respect the Pittsburgh district perhaps is bette"
off than many other fields where less than a half
supply is available. Demand still continues good
although it does not have the insistence of a
month ago. What is engaging the trade most at
present is the contract buying question and 1913
requirements are being cared for in increasing
amounts daily. There is some spot buying, how­
ever, but it is not at the top-notch figures of six
to eight weeks agone. Rather it is nearer to con­
tract figures. The closing fortnight of the year
was noticeable in the steadying down in the way
of prices; not that cutting below card rates was
even hinted at, but because buyeis ceased their
frantic scramble for fuel at any price. With the
conditions existing that are mentioned producers
are closing up for 1913 output at card figures
which are: Run-of-mine coal, $1.30 to $1.40;
three-quarter inch coal, $1.40 to $1.50; inch and
one-quarter coal, $1.50 to $1.60. Slack Is held
steady at $1.10 to $1.25.
The coke manufacturers open the year with a
good demand for tonnage and with prices that are
near the top-notch. Despite the huge tonnage pro­
duced in 1911 there is little, if any coke in stock,
and efforts are making to increase the weekly ton­
nage, if possible. In this the labor supply seems
to be the greatest drawback. Manufacturers are
shy of full operating forces, and seem at a loss
where to get men. The effects of the exodus for
the European wars still are felt in this respect.
Furnace requirements show no signs of a decrease
and because of the car shortage cutting off coal at

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Central Western by-product plants Connellsville
producers have been called on for coke from this
source. Both merchant and furnace ovens are
going practically at capacity and the record for
the last week for which figures are available show
the four-hundred-thousand ton mark had been
passed by five figures. Spot sales of coke have
been reported during the fortnight at $4.00, but
contract prices for first half are held at $3.25 to
$3.50 for furnace coke and $3.50 to $3.75 for foun­
dry coke
The anthracite branch of the trade is going for­
ward with all possible speed, the matter of petty
stoppages and car supply being the only hind­
rances. Tonnage figures for the final month of
the year are not yet available, but it is probable
they will run close to the six million ton mark,
and thus bring the year to a close with a tonnage
approximately more than five million tons short
of that of 1911. Differences over the wage scale
of 1912 continue to crop out and are the causes
that led to the petty strikes annoying the trade.
The clamorous cry for fuel of this grade has been
stilled somewhat, but reports of towns short of
coal continue to be heard. Prices at the opening
of the year are the same as they have been for
several months at the mines, but dealers who had
been getting big prices because of short supply
have eased down considerably.
* * *
PRODUCTION OF COAL AND COKE took a big jump
in 1911, and the concensus of all estimates is that
the tonnage even exceeded that of 1910, hitherto
the greatest year in the history of the trade. The
bituminous branch of the trade broke all records,
while coke production in the Connellsville region
in all probability has done likewise. Anthracite
production fell off considerably due to the long
stoppage while the wage contract was settled.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN gives its usual review
of the year and we believe the estimate of tonnage
will be found approximately correct, but if it is
in error that error will be found to be on the side
of conservatism. With estimates from various
state mine inspectors, figures for shipments over
different railroads and other statistics available a
big jump is noticeable. But there is a tendency
in such cases to overestimate tonnages and for
this reason we have been conservative in compil­
ing the totals for the whole country. The figures
and the review of the year should prove both in­
teresting and valuable.
* * *
THE DECISION OF THE UNITED STATES SUPREME
COURT has been handed down in the suit of the
government against the so-called "anthracite
trust," and the court fails to find any trust, thereby
concurring in the report of the lower court. It
does find, however, that the "65 per cent." clause
is a violation of the Sherman law and orders it
abrogated, thereby affirming a ruling of the lower
court. Much speculation is being indulged in as
to what effect the decision will have on the trade.
From statements by those in a position to know,
it seems it will have little effect, insofar as unsettling
affairs goes; for, according to these same
persons, the anthracite reads already have their
plans formulated and partially carried out to comply
with the order and ruling of the lower court,
which is now upheld by the highest court in the
land. The trade will watch with a good deal of
interest just what will be the outcome.
* * *
INTERESTING AND VALUABLE TECHNICAL PAPERS
were read at the meeting of the Coal Mining Institute
of America during the fortnight. This,
too, was true of state institutes held earlier in the
past month. Several of these papers appear in
this issue of THE COAI. TRADE BULLETIN, and otliers
will be printed later. Every mining man can
learn something new from a perusal of these
papers, even if it be but to gain a knowledge of
how other men do things or obtain an idea of other
men's views on matters of interest to the trade.
Take time to read these papers.
The Supreme Court like the lower one, couldn't
find that trust in the anthracite field that has been
held up as such an awful "bogey man." Verily,
thus doth the judicial probe prick the pigments of
some one's imagination.
* * *
Mr. Coal Man, may your new year be a happy
and prosperous one! May your strikes be few,
your orders and cars plenty, and your strong box
grow fat to overflowing!
* * *
A half billion tons of coal and over is a pretty
nifty bunch of fuel for any one country to produce
in a twelve-month, but trust your Uncle Sam
always to be on the job.
* * •
How'd'y, Mr. 1S13; may you do as much better
as your predecessor did.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
THE COAL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1912
In any summing up of the coal trade in the
United States for the year 1912, there are certain
high points that stand out. with a clarity that must
make them the things on which any review of the
year must be based. These things are: a record
breaking tonnage, the rise in prices, the rehabilitation
of the Interstate wage agreement, and the
big increase in overseas trade secured by the producers
of the United States.
The stoppage of mines at the end of the first
quarter had its effect on tonnage, particularly
anthracite, but before the year closed the perdulum
had swung backward toward high figures and
the estimate of production for the year 1912 as
compared with that of 1911 in short tons Is:
*1911. i'1912.
Alabama 15,021,421 17,000,000
Arkansas 2,106,789 2,500,000
Alaska and California.... 11.647 15,000
Colorado 10,157,383 11,000,000
Georgia 165,330 160,000
Idaho 1,821 2,000
Illinois 53,679,118 57,000,000
Indiana 14,201,355 14,500,000
Iowa 7,331,618 7,000v000
Kansas 6,254,228 7,500,000
Kentucky 13,706,839 15,000,000
Maryland 4,685,795 6,500,000
Michigan 1,476,074 2,0*0.000
Missouri 3,760,607 6.350,000
Montana 2,976,358 3,500,000
New Mexico 3,148,158 3,500,000
North Dakota 502,628 600,000
Ohio 311,759,986 36.0(111.000
Oklahoma 3,074,242 3,500,000
Oregon 46,661 75,000
Pennsylvania, Bituminous. 111,721,303 165,000,000
Tennessee 6,433,156 7,500,000
Texas 1,974,593 2,500,000
Utah 2,513,175 3,000,000
Virginia 6,864,667 7,500,000
Washington 3,572,815 4,000,000
West Virginia 59,831.580 67,000,000
Wyoming 6,744.864 6,750,000
Total Bituminous 405.724.241 457,202,000
Pennsylvania, Anthracite.. 90,464,067 82,500,000
Total 496,188.308 539,702,000
•IT. S. Geological Survey figures.
fThe thanks of the editor are hereby extended, for aid
in the compilation of the figures for 1912, to the following
State Mine Inspectors: Messrs. C. H. Nesbit, Ala-
1'iimn : James Dalyrmple. Colorado : Robert \. Bell.
Idaho: I'. I. Pearce. Indiana: K. T. Rhys, Kdward
Sweeney, Iowa; .1. B. MeDermott, Montana: J. W. Bliss,
North I>akota; J. C. Davis, Ohio; Ed. Boyles. Oklahoma:
James D. Roderick. Pennsylvania : I. J. Bromau, Texas :
John Laing, West Virginia, and Martin Bolt, chief clerk
State Mining Board Illinois.
From these figures it will be noticeable that the
total exceeds that of 1910, the banner year of the
trade, and that the anthracite tonnage dropped
back to lower figures than the total of 1910. The
shipments of anthracite in long tons by months for
the year, with December estimated, were:
1912. 1911.
January 5,763,696 5,904,117
February 5,875,968 5,070,948
March 0,569,687 5,996,894
April 266,625 5,804,915
May 1,429,357 6,317,352
June 6,199,428 6,215,357
July 6,285,153 4,804,065
August 6,576,591 5,531,796
September 5,876,196 5,730,935
October 6,665,321 6,269,179
November 6,165,536 6,193,314
December 6,000,000 6,115,427
Totals 63,666,076 69,954,299
Local trade and colliery consumption was approximately
10,000,000 tons, which brings the total
tonnage close to 74,000,000 long tons or 82,500,000
short tons.
In any review of the year in the coal industry
probably the first thing to receive attention should
be the matter of wage scales, as the rehabilitation
of the Interstate agreement, the signing of twoyear
contracts in the bituminous fields, and. after
some negotiations, of a four-year agreement in the
anthracite fields, stand out in marked prominence
in the early part of the year. These wage agreements
were not arrived at in a day, and considerable
jockeying was indulged in before they were
adopted finally. And when they were adopted the
one phase of them that seemed to outweigh all
others, in the eyes of the trade, was, they increased
materially the cost of production to operating
companies. Balanced against this fact was the
assurance that, for two years in the bituminous
field and four years in the anthracite there will
be no changes. The "Cleveland scale," as the
bituminous agreement is known, was not signed
by all the fields for several months after its adoption
by the Central Competitive field, and, in fact,
one or two of the smaller fields have not yet accepted
its provisions. Their importance to the
trade, however, is small. The anthracite mines
practically were closed while the important part
of the wage negotiations were being held, and the
consequence was a drop in tonnage produced that
was not caught up with as the year closed.
Aside from the stoppage of work while the wage
(CONTIXUED ON PAGE 55)

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CONNELLSVILLE COKE PRO­
DUCTION FOR YEAR 1912
The following table gives the coke production of
the Connellsville region, the number of ovens and
the number in and out of blast each week of the
year 1912, as compiled from statistics gathered by
Mr. H. P. Snyder, of the Connellsville Courier:
Week. Ovens. In Blast. Idle. Production.
Jan. 6 38,805 28,093 10,712 322,906
" 13 38,773 29,230 9,543 391,432
" 20 39,063 30,424 S.639 407,185
" 27 38,995 30,349 S.646 400,597
Feb. 3 38,995 30,487 8,508 360,153
" 10 38,995 30,434 8,561 354,569
" 17 38,995 30,592 8,403 393,664
" 24 39,015 30,736 8,279 391,253
Mar. 2 39,015 30,947 8,068 396,010
" 9 39,015 31,055 7,960 398,715
" 16 39,015 31,833 7,132 408,237
" 23 39,015 31,990 7,025 398,847
" 30 38,767 32,140 6,627 413,141
April 6 38,767 32,238 6,529 415,464
" 13 38,659 32,372 6,287 363,289
" 20 38,659 32,345 6,314 396,320
" 27 38,659 32,591 6,068 401,494
May 4 38,659 32,663 5.996 401,544
" 11 3S.657 31,340 7,317 401,960
" 18 38,657 31,495 7,162 398,956
'* 25 38,657 31,506 7,151 394,316
June 1 38,657 31,489 7,168 379,121
" 8 38,657 31,422 7,235 398,656
" 15 38,657 31,444 7,213 391,792
" 22 38,657 31,600 7,057 373,729
" 29 38,657 30,561 8,096 393,640
July 6 38,672 30,483 8,189 329.161
" 13 38,642 30,416 8,226 375,557
" 20 38,642 30,239 8,403 355,108
" 27 38,642 30,282 8,360 315.723
Aug. 3 38,728 30,347 8,381 379,157
" 10 38,729 29,420 9,308 385,967
" 17 38,728 29,648 9,080 374,101
" 24 38,728 29,876 8,852 369,118
" 31 38,728 30,015 S.743 371,915
Sept. 7 38,728 30,572 8,156 357,839
" 14 38,728 30,700 8,028 372,781
" 21 38,728 30,651 8,077 373,631
" 28 38,728 30,735 7,993 382.627
Oct. 5 38,728 30,700 8,028 398,201
" 12 38,728 32,326 6.402 397,507
" 19 38,748 32,334 6,414 399,449
" 26 38.748 32,370 6.37S 399,805
Nov. 2 38.843 32,514 6,329 397,253
" 9 38,843 32,565 6,278 399,142
" 16 38,843 32,600 6,243 400,618
" 23 38,875 32,684 6,191 404,652
" 30 38,875 32,691 6,184 400,111
Dec. 7
" 14
" 21
" 28
Total
*Es timated.
38,875
38,875
38,608
32,660
32,746
32,708
6,215
6,129
5,900
393,006
389.064
412,118
*390,000
20.068,601
These figures show a total of 20,068,601 tons,
which is a gain of 3,734,424 tons over the total of
16,334,174 tons in 1911, or 22.86+ per cent. It
also makes it the banner year of the industry, surpassing
the record of 1906, when 19,999,326 tons
were produced and shipped.
The lowest number of ovens in operation in any
one week of the year was the opening week when
28,093 ovens were in blast. The largest number
were in blast the week of Dec. 21, when 32,708 were
operating. The greatest production for any one
week was that of April 6 when 415,464 tons ware
produced. The lowest production was the week of
July 27, when 315,723 tons were manufactured.
During the first half of the year 10,144,990 tons oi
coke were produced and in the last half 9,923,611
tons, showing that the production was sustained
throughout the year.
CAR SHORTAGE SHOWS A DECREASE.
The bulletin of the American Railways Associ
tion shows that on November 30 the gross surplus
of idle cars was 26,135, an increase of 3,772 cars.
The total shortage was 62,536 cars, a decrease of
10,939 cars. The bulletin covers a period of nine
days instead of two weeks as is usual.
Following are the surpluses and shortages at
various recent dates:
Date Number Idle (Net). Decrease
Nov. 30, 1912 t36.401 14,711
Nov. 21 yol.112 57
Nov. 7 t51,169 *1,188
Oct. 24 t49,9Sl *18,402
Oct. 10 f31,579 *13,786
Sept. 26 117,790 *9,170
Sept. 12 tS,620 *1,130
Aug. 29 9,759 34,151
Aug. 15 43,901 12,609
Aug. 1 56,510 13,412
•luly IS 68.922 *4,89S
July 4 64.024 3,694
June 2 0 67,718 18,668
June 6 86,386 29,815
May 2 3 116,201 13,897
May 9 130,098 8,783
April 25 138.881 *59,492
•Increase.
fNet shortage.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
COAL MINING INSTITUTE OF AMERICA HOLDS INTERESTING
MID-WINTER SESSION
The winter meeting of the Coal Miners' Institute
of America opened Dec. 18 in the School of
Mines building of the University of Pittsburgh.
Mr. A. W. Calloway, of Indiana, Pa., president of
the institute, was unable to be present and the
meeting opened with Mr. W. E. Fohl presiding.
The address of welcome was made by Chancellor
S. B. McCormick of the University of Pittsburgh.
A history of the Institute was read by William
Seddon, of Brownsville, the first secretary of the
Institute.
After the reading of the history there was a gen
eral discussion, participated in by Thomas W. Dawson,
assistant engineer of the H. C. Frick Coke
Co.; G. R. Delamater, of Philadelphia; Thomas K.
Adams and W. H. Glasgow.
Mr. Eugene B. Wilson of Scranton, Pa., then
read a paper on "Clinkeiing of Coal Ash."
At the afternoon session R. D. Hall of New York
read a paper on "Roof Action," in which he described
remedies for falling roofs. Thomas W.
Dawson, assistant chief engineer of the H. C. Frick
Coke Co., read a paper on the welfare work among
the employes of that company, which was illustrated
with stereopticon views. A paper on the
"Bering River Coal Field of Alaska," prepared by
Dr. W. R. Crane of Seward, Alaska, was read by
Prof. H. D. Pilaster of Pennsylvania State College.
Mr. Thomas K. Adams, State Mine Inspector, the
oldest mine inspector in the United States, talked
on "State Inspection of Mines" at the banquet at
the Fort Pitt Hotel in the evening. Mr. Adams
said that no other state depended on its industrial
workers as much as Pennsylvania. Mr. W. E.
Fohl acted as toastmaster. Other speakers were
Messrs. J. C. Galbraith, Jr., of Denver, Col., secretary
of the American Mining Congress; Rufus J.
Foster, ot Scranton, Pa.; W. H. Glasgow, assistant
superintendent of the H. C. Frick Coke Co.; J. B.
Johnston, and Jesse K. Johnston, of Charleroi,
Pa., vice president of the Institute.
The second day's sessions were opened with
Mr. Jesse K. Johnston in the chair.
"Rib Drawing by Machinery" was the subject oi
an informal discussion led by Mr. W. L. Affelder,
general manager of the Bulger Block Coal Co., at
the morning session.
Mr. A. C. Fieldner, chemist of the coal laboratory,
United States Bureau of Mines, read a paper or.
"Accuracy and Limitations of Coal Analysis."
At the afternoon session Secretary Charles L.
Fay read his report, in which he said the Institute
now has 780 members. He stated that during the
past year the capital of the Institute had increased
to $1,757.65. Expenditures during the year
amounted to more than $1,500, leaving a balance of
$172.19.
The election of officers resulted as follows:
President, W. E. Fohl, mining engineer, of this
city; vice presidents, Jesse K. Johnston, general
mine superintendent, of Charleroi; Thomas A. Furnis,
state mine inspector, of Punxsutawney, and
George K. Krebs, of Somerset; secretary-treasurer,
Charles L. Fay, of Wilkes-Barre; executive board,
A. F. Hinterliter, of Clearfield; Samuel A. Taylor,
of Pittsburgh; A. P. Cameron, of Irwin, and F. W.
Cunningham, of Charleroi; auditors, C. L. Clark,
of New Alexandria, and R. M. Husler, of Indiana.
R. Dawson Hall, of New York, was re-elected editor
of proceedings.
"Improved Coal Washing Conditions," was the
subject of a paper read by Mr. G. R. Delamater, of
Philadelphia. Mr. Delamater made a plea for
scientific management of coal washing plants ancl
a protest against the present haphazard methods.
Mr. E. B. Guenther, of East Pittsburgli, read a
paper on "Gas Producers from the Standpoint of
Mining Men." Mr. Guenther illustrated his address
by the use of the stereopticon.
At a meeting of the directors of the Institute,
the latter part of January, the selection of the
next meeting place will be made.
CHANGE DATE OF CONTRACTS.
At the annual meeting of the New River and
Pocahontas Coal Operators' Association, held at
Philadelphia recently, old officers were re-elected
for the year 1913. The meeting was largely attended,
there being some 75 operators present
The only change made was in the board of directors,
R. H. Gross of Boston, recently elected president
of the New River Co., succeeding to the position
formerly held by Samuel Dixon on the board
of directors.
The association unanimously decided to change
the date or term of domestic coal contracts, so
that in the luture they will expire with the calendar
year. Heretofore coal contracts have been
made to run from April 1 to March 31. There
are many reasons advanced why the coal contracts
should be made to run with the calendar year.
One of these is that bunker contracts are made to
run from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, and that it is embarrassing
to companies to have numerous contracts
on their books, each of which has a different expiring
date.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
HOLDS HEARING ON NEW
ANTHRACITE MINE CODE.
The commission appointed early in the year by
Gov. John K. Tener of Pennsylvania to revise the
anthracite mine code of the state held meetings
at Wilkes-Barre, Dec. 20 to 24 to hear the report
of the sub-committee that wis to draft the new
code.
Tiie sub-committee presented two reports, the
miners' representative on the committee handing
in a minority report opposing the proposal to have
the state mine inspectors appointed by tlie governor.
Because of the differences over the new code, the
commission decided to hold hearings on it and the
first, one was held Dec. 26. Others will follow
and anyone interested wiil be given an oppoitunity
to testify before the code finally is sent to the
governor.
Among the things the majority report recommends
are:
The old law applies to miners employing ten or
more persons; the proposed law applies to all
anthracite mines, and more clearly defines "a
miner", a "mining engineer" and "operator."
The proposed law moi e clearly defines tlie duties
of the superintendent, mine foreman, fire boss, outside
foreman, and other persons employed in and
about the mines, and makes more rigid regulations
relative to ventilation, use of safety lamps, etc.
Under the present law : the boundaries of the inspection
districts are fixed and determined by counties,
and the number of inspectors is 21; the proposed
law authorizes the chief of the department
of mines to divide the anthracite region into 25
inspection districts, and the number of inspectors,
as well as districts, may lie increased by him if
the governor consents. The salary of inspectors
is also increased from $3,000 to $3,600.
The proposed law provides for an office at each
mine for the care and preservation of records. It
also makes more stringent rules relative to hoisting
apparatus.
The proposed law contains a comprehensive section
regulating the use of electricity in mines, prohibits
the use of high-voltage power in mines and
provides for more careful installation and insulation.
The proposed law requires operators to organize
and maintain first aid and rescue corps and to
furnish and keep on Land a supply of helmets,
oxygen tanks, etc. Another new provision requires
a check system on all persons entering and
leaving a mine.
The proposed law permits an inspection of any
mine by the employes once a month if they desire
it, or whenever a fatal accident occurs, and per­
mits tlie committee to be accompanied by a legal
adviser.
It forbids the erection of inflammable structures
or stables inside a mine, amplifying the old law
in some respects.
It also provides for tlie use of an uniform code
of signals for hoisting in shafts and slopes; prohibits
the employment of minors under 16 years
inside and outside a mine, with a more stringeent
penalty for violation of the law; changes the manner
of appointment of the various examining
boards, and provides for the appointment by the
governor of mine inspectors instead of election, as
at present.
COAL SHORTAGE FELT IN MANY
PLACES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY.
Now that actual winter weather is at hand the
shortage of fuel supplies is being felt at many
places throughout the country.
A Tonawanda, N. Y., coal man reported thai
while 100 cars of anthracite pass through there
daily there is not enough to go around locally.
The householders are trying to get their winter's
supply, but dealers are getting only small shipments.
At Westfield it is claimed people have to
buy of out-of-town dealers.
Albion, N. Y., is so shy of coal that the county
supervisors have asked the State Public Service
commission to investigate conditions.
Worcester, Mass., dealers are unable to get coal
to supply their customers.
Fowling Green. O., is short on anthracite coal.
Corry, Pa., coal dealers cannot get a supply ot
coal because of car shortages.
Rutland, Vt, reports show a coai famine existing
in Brandon, Pittsford, Middlebury, Chester,
l.udlow and Wallingford.
Grand Rapids. Mich., is paying $S.95 per ton for
anthracite coal and even at that figure practically
none is available.
Virginia, Minn., schools have been compelled to
suspend sessions twice during the month for lack
of fuel.
Extreme measures were resorted to during the
fortnight by the Louisville & Nashville railroad to
get coal with which to keep its trains running.
r 'oal operators on the line in East Tennessee were
notified that the road required the entire output
of the mines for three days of each week until
Dec. 25.
Governor Foss of Massachusetts is considering
a legislative investigation of the present coal
shortage.
Lewis, Del., schools were closed because of a
coal shortage during the past fortnight.
Chestertown. Md., repoits a shortage of coal.
Titusville, Pa., is facing a coal famine.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
SUPREME COURT DECLARES ANTHRACITE ROADS DO NOT FORM A
"TRUST" BUT ORDERS ABROGATION OF "65 PER CENT." RULE )
The Supreme Court of the United States Dec.
16 canceled as violative of the Sherman anti-trust
law the contracts by which railroad-owned coa!
companies in the Pennsylvania anthracite fields
had purchased the output for all time of "independent"
mines.
The court also ordered the dissolution of railroad
control of the Temple Iron Co.
The government failed, the court held, to show
a "general combination" to apportion the amount
of coal to be put upon the market annually by the
various roads. The government's other charges
as to a general combination were characterized as
"indefinite."
Minor combinations were held to have been improperly
included in the petition of the government,
and tbe proceedings against them were dismissed
without prejudice to other actions by the
government.
Justice Lurton announced the unanimous opinion
of the court, which, for the purposes of this
case, consisted of only six members. Justice Day
took no part in the decision because of his absence
from the bench when the case was argued in October,
1911. Justice Hughes refrained from participating
in the action of the court because he was a
special assistant to the attorney general when the
coal business was first investigated by the government.
Justice Pitney was not on tlie bench when
the case was presented to the court.
The suit was sent back to the judges of the com i
in which it originated, the Circuit Court for Eastern
Pennsylvania, for tlie enforcement of the decision.
The finding of the lower court was upheld,
except as to the contracts with the independents.
The railroads concerned in the case were the
Philadelphia & Reading, the Lehigh Valley, the
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, the Central
Railroad of New Jersey, the Erie and the New
York, Susquehanna & Western.
The minor combinations not passed upon but
left for possible future consideration were those
alleged to have been created in 1S9S by the absorption
of the New York, Susquehanna & Western
by the Erie; in 1901 by the acquisition by the
Reading Company, which owned the Philadelphia
& Reading Railway and a coal company by a similar
name, of the Central of New Jersey, with its
coal companies; in 1899 by the acquisition by the
Erie of the Pennsylvania Coal Co.
In the opinion announced Associate Justice Lurton
said the court holds:
First. That the general combination alleged by
the government lo exist between the defendant
roads for an apportionment for total tonnage to
tlie seaboard by an agreement in the nature of a
pooling arrangement, has not been established and
therefore the relief sought by the government upon
the assumption of such combination is denied.
Second. The court finds, however, that the principal
defendants did combine, for the purpose of
shutting out from the anthracite coal field a projected
independent line of railroad, the New York,
Wyoming & Western Railroad and to accomplish
that purpose, it is found that the stock of the Temple
Iron Co. and of the Simpson and Watkins collieries
was acquired for the purpose of and with
the intent, not of normally and lawfully developing
trade, but of restraining interstate commerce
and competition in transportation whieli would
have presumably come about through the construction
and operation of the proposed competing line
of railroad between the mines and tidewater.
Third. The court holds that certain contracts
made with producers covering between 20 and 25
per cent, of the total annual supply of eoal, known
as the 65 per cent, contracts, by which such independent
producers bound themselves to deliver the
output of their mines or any other mine which
they might acquire, to the railroad companies for
65 per cent, of the average market price at tidewater
were also void because in violation of the
anti-trust act as abnormal and illegal restraints
upon interstate commerce.
Fourth. The couit reiterates the declaration in
the Standard Oil case that an act of Congress does
not forbid or restrain the power to make normal
and usual contracts to further trade by resorting
lo all normal methods whether by agreement or
otherwise, to accomplish such purposes. Nevertheless
it holds that the acts which it finds in this
case to be illegal, the Temple Iron and 65 per cent.
contracts, were not within such class, but on the
contrary were abnormal in their character and directly
tended to and were intended to illegally restrain
trade and commerce and therefore came
within the statute as illustrated by the rulings in
St. Louis Terminal Association and Swift and Company
vs. United States.
Taking up the 65 per cent, contracts, the justice
said:
It is not essential that these contracts considered
singly, be unlawful as in restraint, of trade. So
considered, they maj be wholly innocent. Even
acts absolutely lawful may be steps in a criminal
plot, but a series of such contracts, of the result
of a concerted plan or plot between the defendants

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
to thereby secure control of the sale of the independent
coal in the markets of other states, and
thereby suppress competition in prices between
their own output and that of tlie independent operators
would come plainly within the terms of the
statute and parts of the scheme or plot would be
lawful.
An attempt was made to defend them as not an
"unreasonable restraint of trade" as defined in the
Standard Oil case. In that case it was also said
that the words "restraint of trade" should be
given a meaning which would not destroy the individual
right of contiact and lender difficult if not
impossible any movement of which it was the purpose
of the statute to protect.
We reaffirm this view of the plain meaning of the
statute and in so doing limit ourselves to the inquiry
as to whether this plan or system of contracts
entered into, according to a preconcetrea
scheme, does not operate to unduly suppress competition
and restrain freedom of commerce among
the states.
Belore these contracts there existed not only the
power to compete, but actual competition between
the coal of the independents and that procured by
the buying defendants. Such competition was,
after the contracts, impracticable. It, is of course
obvious that the law may not compel competition
between these independent coai operators and the
defendants, but it may at least lemove illegal barriers
resulting from illegal agreements which will
make such competition impracticable.
"The weight of proof," declared Justice Lurton,
"satisfies us that whatever might have been contemplated
or attempted, the scheme proved abortive,
or if attempted, was abandoned long before
the bill was filed."
Other charges of general combination, it was declared,
had been properly consiuerea by the lower
court, and, while the Supreme Court haa gone
through the record, it would not discuss them.
The court dealt with the argument that no injunction
should be issued against the Temple company
because the alleged strangulation of the projected
road was a thing ol the past.
Justice Lurton deelaied, in voicing the attitude
of the court:
The evil is in tbe combination. So long as the
defendants are able to exercise tlie power thus illegally
acquired, it may tie most efficiently exerted
for the continued and further suppression of competition.
Through it the defendants in combination
may absorb the remaining output of independent
producers.
Without it the several groups oi coal-carrying
and coal-producing companies have the power and
motive to compete. That each may for itself advance
the price of coal or cut down the production
is true. But in the power which the group would
have to compete would be found a corrective. The
statute forbids the concerted action which has
already brought about the strangling of a projected
competing railroad and the complete control of the
sale of an immense tonnage of independent coal,
which had prior thereto not only been a menace
to their collective control of the means of transportation
to New York harbor points, but a large
competing factor in sales at these points. The
Temple company therefore affords a powerful
agency by means of which the unlawful purpose
which induced the acquisition maj be continued
beyond the mere operation of the Simpson and
Watkins collieries.
There were a number of subsidiary questions
raised in the bill respecting charges that different
combinations which the defendants were alleged
to have formed were unlawful, but the court, holding
that in view of the fact that all of the defendants
are not parties to any cne of those combinations
but that each of them affects some of the defendants
only, dismisses them out of this suit without
prejudice and without expressing any opinion
concerning their legality.
$ RETAIL TRADE NOTES fe
At the annual meeting of the New York coal
merchants, held recently, a general and an executive
committee were appointed for 1913. The following
officers were elected: President, Warren
A. Leonard; vice president, Theodore Trimmer;
commissioner, Arthur F. Rice.
The district attorney of Milwaukee, Wis., who
recently investigated the local coal situation at the
instance of the city council, reports that he discovered
no evidence of a price agreement among
the retail dealers.
President Robert Lake issued a call for the midwinter
meeting of the officers and directors of the
Michigan-Ohio-Indiana Coal Association to be held
at Hotel Anthony, Fort Wayne, lnd., Jan. 22 and 23.
The Illinois-Wisconsin Retail Coal Dealers' Association
at its recent meeting adopted a resolution
in favor of destination weights.
The Roberts & Schaefer Co., Contractors and
Engineers of Chicago, have just been awarded a
contract by the Queen & Crescent route for two
500-ton capacity fireproof, main line, reinforced
timore & Ohio and the Indian Creek Valley raildriven,
for installation at Danville, Ky., and Oakdale,
Tenn. Price, $37,000. These plants are to
be exact duplicates of two former plants of this
character of construction that this firm erected
for the Queen & Crescent at Montlake, Tenn., and
Ludlow, Ky.

WEST VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT OF AP­
PEALS UPHOLDS MARTIAL LAW PRO­
CLAMATION OF GOVERNOR GLASSCOCK.
By a vote of four to one the Supreme Court of
Appeals of West Virginia on Dec. 19 upheld the
constitutionality of the proclamation of martial
law in the Kanawdia coal fields issued by Gov.
Glasscock Nov. 15, under which proclamation a
military court sentenced nearly a score of persons
to prison. The court refused the petition of L. A.
Mays and S. F. Nance, prisoners in the state penitentiary,
for a writ of habeas corpus.
The decision was most sweeping in its scope. It
not only upholds the power of the governor to declare
martial law, but places the authority of the
military court to try cases beyond legal doubt,
even though the offenses were committed prior to
the proclamation of martial law, though the

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The result of the election of officers in District
No. 2, United Mine Workers of America, just an­
nounced at Clearfield, Pa., shews the re-election
of President Patrick Gilday. Vice President James
Purcell, Secretary Richard Gilbert ancl National
Board Member Thomas Haggerty. Tlie- listrict
auditors elected are George W. Bassett. of South
Fork; L. L. Nairn, of Nant-y-Glo, ancl Thomas Hag­
gerty of Rossiter. Executive beard members:
No. 1 district, Richard Crago, of Barnesboro; No.
2, Harry Crago. of Morrisdale; No. 3, James Feeley,
of Dunlc; No. 4, Patrick Donlan, ol Hopewell:
No. 5, James Marks, of Anita; No. 6. William
Davidson, of Marion Centre; No. 7, Hugh McGinty,
of Osceola Mills; No. S, F. G. Wiggs, of DuBois:
No. 9, Robert Lindie, of Arnot. The organizers
elected are: No. 1. John Mayholtz; No. 3, John
Slepko; No. 4, Davie Can nil; No. 5, John Yiisko:
No. 6, Frank Ferraro; No. 7. John Boytin; No. S,
Fred Thomas; No. 9, Stanley Hutzinko.
A loss to the market of 11.000 tons of coal uas
b°en caused by the strike of 1,300 men at two
Lehigh Valley Coal Co. collieries in the Pennsyl­
vania anthiacite region In both eases the men
quit work without negotiating for a settlement
as provided in the agreement signed la=t .May.
The members of tlie Conciliation Board, includ­
ing the three labor representatives, not llong
ago voted in fa.vor of a resolution condemning
these strikes that are called in violation of the
agreement, but interruptions are still occurring
with frequency enough lo reduce materially the
output of coal.
Ten locals of tlie United .Mine Workers have petitioned
the officers of District No. 1 to call a
special convention in January at Wilkes-Barre,
Pa., to take action en a number of grievances with
the operators which the miners claim are of long
standing and with no prospect of immediate set­
tlement. The call for the special convention came
at a meeting of Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co.
employes, called by tlie grievance committee of the
Maxwell colliery, where tbe miners aie on strike
because mine engineers refuse to join the miners'
union.
As the result ol tlie visit of Mine Rescue Car
No. 6 of the Bureau of Mines to South Fork. Pa.,
these miners, who took the course, will be granted
certificates lor mine rescue, first aid ancl resuscita­
tion training: John Dalton, Thomas McCarthy,
Howard Custer, Thomas A. Clifford, George T. Clif­
ford. John Gage, Guy C. Master, J. W. Easton, An­
drew Colbaugh, John \V. Sloan, James Graham.
G. W. Grundy, John O. Jones. Mike Cromura and
B. Valusco.
The "rock case' that has caused so much fric­
tion in the anthracite region has been disposed of
by the Conciliation Beard, which at a meeting
Dec. 24, ruled that the officials of the mineis and
the operators meet in conference and arrange a
schedule of wages for "rock work." and in event
of a failure to arrive at a conclusion, the Concilia­
tion Board will fix the scale.
Fifty-four miners in Westmoreland county took
first aid examinations Dec. 20. They are distrib­
uted as follows: Rillton, 15: Greensburg, 10; Yu­
kon, Hi; West Newton, 12; Claritlge, 7. All par­
ticipants who received a mark of 75 per cent, will
be awarded a certificate by the Y. M. C. A. and the
American Red Cross Society, signed by President
Taft.
Tlie result of the election of officers in sub-dis
trict No. 6, Ohio Mine Workers, showed the reelection
of these officials: President, Lee Hall.
Byesville; vice president, W. C. Thompson, Byesville;
secretary-treasurer, E. P. Miller, Coshocton;
auditors, J. M. Colburn. MeCluney; J. W. Callahan,
Byesville, and John R. McCoimick, Coshocton.
That all firearms except high-power rifles, taken
from the residents of tin- Cabin Creek military
district during the occupation of martial law will
be returned to tie owners, beginning Thursday,
December 26, was tlie announcement made by Gov.
Glasscock of West Virginia, Dec. 23. following a
conference with officers of the militia.
The coal miners' strike which has been in pro­
gress at all the Sheridan Coal Co. mines, near
Pittsburg, Kan., lias been settled ancl the 1,200
miners returned to work. The miners went out
on a strike because the company refused to dis­
charge Charlie Mitchell, the foreman at mine No.
3. He will retain his position.
District President Thomas Kennedy, of the Uni­
ted Mine Workers, of District 7, made the charge
recently that a speculator bought anthracite min­
ers' certificates from foreigners going bark to their
native land and had offered to sell them to an
operating company. The offer was refused.
For the first time in the history of the organiza­
tion in the state, no benefits are being paid by
the Ohio branch of the United Mine Workers of
America, according to State President John Moore.
Will H. Raney, executive board member of the
Indiana Mine Workers, has been admitted to the
bar at Princeton, lnd., ancl will practice law at
that place.
Miners at Harlan. Ky., to the number of 100,
have struck for an advance of wages of 5 cents per
Ion. The operators offered 2% cents per ton advance.

THE GOVERNMENT'S COAL LAND POLICY.
Last August Secretary of the Interior Fisher
wrote Representative F. W. Mondell of Wyoming,
bringing to his attention the fact that recent sales
of Government coal lands included a tract of 665
acres at prices ranging from $370 to $405, emphasizing
what had been denied by Mr. Mondell in
previous correspondence, namely, that the higher
priced public coal lands will be pin chased, so that
while the new Government prices based upon carefully
estimated tonnage discourage the purchase
of coal lands for speculative holding they do not
prevent their purchase for immediate development.
In reply, Representative. Mondell assumed correctly
that the lands sold are favorably situated
for immediate development, but reiterated his belief
that the high prices tend to create monopoly
and are higher than private monopoly would be
justified in charging;-that tlie large first cost of
these lands, while of immediate benefit to tlie
people, will ultimately be charged several times
over against the users ol coal because of compound
interest and taxes; that no new mines aie beingopened
in the West and no small properties being
developed; and that men of limited means cannot
open mines. He admitted that if the lands were
sold at tlie lower prices, successive holders might
charge a part of the price now obtained by the Government.
Finally, he expressed his belief in the
practicability and very great desirability of the
coal lands being leased by the states, to whom tbe
Government should turn them over.
As similar questions may have arisen in the
minds of other citizens, there is interest in the
Secretary's reply to Mr. Mondell which follows:
November 30, 1912.
Hon. F. W. Mondell,
The House of Representatives.
My Dear Mr. Mondell:—In reply to your letter
of August 21, 1912, regarding the sale of a tract
of land near Rock Springs, Wyoming, which has
been held pending my return from the Hawaiian
Islands and the Pacific Coast:
Your assumption is right that the tract in question
is favorably located for immediate development,
either independently or by leasing lo the adjoining
mining companies. The sale emphasizes
again that Government prices do not discourage
coal land sales for immediate development, though
they do discourage buying for speculative holding
or control, thereby to my mind discouraging monopoly;
for monopoly, when not secured through the
exercise of artificial restraint of trade, relies
mainly on control of reserve supplies either of
coal, iron, water power, or other resources, because
of course, once the basic material of an industry
is owned by affiliated interests, competition
is out of the question. I cannot understand how
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
you can conclude otherwise. It was the old policy
of selling coal lands worth hundreds of dollars per
acre for $10 or $20 that fostered and invited monopolistic
control.
Next, as to your statement that the Government
prices are higher than private monopoly would be
justified in charging: Coal is sold to users by the
ton. Under leaseholds it is sold to the operator
in the ground by the ton as it is mined. When
sold in bulk in the ground, it is sold by the acre,
the price being based on the estimated tonnage.
If the recoverable tonnage were accurately and
definitely known its value at any time would I e
such an amount as when put at interest to the
lime of mining would, with ta>es added, equal what
it would bring in royalties. Ef the coal in tbe
section recently sold were sold under lease at 6%
cents a ton, a price which the court decided in tbe
Owd Creek coal ease was a fair average of present
Wyoming royalties it would bring in between
$4,000 and $6,000 an acre, or from ten to fifteen
times the recent purchase pi ice, sufficient to pay
interest and taxes many times over, if not held for
long time development.
Of more interest is a direct comparison of Government
prices with prices at which private eoal
lands are sold to-day. Public coal lands have been
sold at from $10 and $20 up to $405. During the
last five years 133,947.SS acres have been sold at
an average price of $18.30. To learn at what
prii e private coal lands are selling to-day, I have
had the files of one of the most reliable of tlie
eoal journals gone over for the last year and note
made of all coal land sales not involving mine
improvements. Omitting sales of lands in the
anthracite field of Pennsylvania ancl the center of
the Connellsville coking field of Pennsylvania,
where coal lands sell at a very high rate, and omitting
also all sales of more than 10,000 acres, which
on their face are for holding or speculation, thereare
left forty-two sales involving 102,464 acres
which sold for $1S,S13,179, an average of $180 an
acre, or ten times the average of the public lands
of the last five years. Of these sales two, involving
10.19S acres, sold at more than $800 per acre:
two of 1,633 acres at prices between $S00 and $600
per acre; two of 357 acres, $600 to $400 per acre;
eight of 14,046 acres, $500 to $200 per acre; ten
of 26,127 acres, $200 to $100 per acre, the rest
being less than $100. Considering that the last
few years have been lean years in the coal trade,
it is evident that these are not boom prices. But
if comparison be made not between the prices per
acre but between the prices per ton of recoverable
coal, the result is still more striking. Several of
the highest priced lands mentioned which sold
from $400 to more than $S00 an acre, contain not
more than one-tenth of the amount of recoverable

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
coal per acre that there is in the land just sold at
Rock Springs. In fact, the Government prices in
specific, cases would be only one-fourth the price
at which the lands have actually been purchased
from private owners.
Next, as to this sale of one-quarter million meaning
an actual charge of $1,000,000 to the users of
the coal: If it be granted that the cost with
interest ancl taxes will total $1,000,000 and that
50,000,000 tons are mined, the cost per ton is 2
cents. Considering that this is lower than any
royalty in the state that I know of ancl is indeed
much lower than the average, I do not see that it
would form a legitimate basis for charging more
for the coal to coal users than is charged by other
companies, and it is certain that the recent purchasers
will charge the ruling market prices and
would charge that even if this coal had been practiaclly
given away at $10 or $20 an acre.
As to your claim that no new mines are being
opened in the West and no small properties being
developed: In the last five years the Government
has sold S29 tracts of coal land, involving
133,947.88 acres. If these have not been developed
it means that the price has been so low that buyers
could afford to pay the cash Government price
and hold for future development, a condition
hardly in keeping with the claim that the Government
prices are too high even for immediate development.
As to men of limited means not being able to
open mines: The great bulk of the public coal
lands already classified has been priced at the
minimum legal price. If a man could not afford
to buy minimum priced land it would require a
change in the law, such as a lowering of the minimum,
or allowing of payment to be made in a series
of annual payments, to meet that condition. It is
generally considered that the coal-mining business
is not for a man of limited means. Investigation
by the American Mining Congress found that for
every one ton of coal mined per year there is invested
on the average $1.41, so that an ordinary
mine producing 300 to 400 tons a day, or say
100,000 tons a year, requires on the average an investment
of $150,000, and large plants sometimes
involve investments of several millions.
I am interested to know that after your abund
ant opportunities for observing the workings of
the public-lease system in Wyoming and Colorado,
you heartily endorse it. Your opinion in the
matter will carry great weight. The leasing system
has spread rapidly in the East in the last
few years; until to-day almost one-third of the
active coal lands of the country are held under
leasehold and in some of the states, as West Virginia,
the ratio is almost one-half and is rapidly
increasing. Its fairness to both parties and its
mauy advantages, particularly ir. the case of lands
in public or trust ownership, is obvious. In the
administration of leaseholds on public lands, while
granting that there are some advantages in local
control, past experience in state control in matters
somewhat similar to this has so often been unsatisfactory
that there has come to be a wide-spread
feeling that, on the whole, Federal administration
is more efficient, certainly more uniform and less
likely to be subject to local influences that are not
working for the general good of the commonwealth.
While, therefore, I heartily agree with you on the
desirability of the leasing system and believe that
in any event the financial benefits should go to the
people of the region affected, I strongly believe
that the administration of such a policy should be
vested in the Federal Government.
Yours very truly,
(Signed) WALTER L FISHER. Secretary.
1 PERSONAL (•
The board of directors of the Wilkes-Barre, Pa.,
District Mining Institute recently tendered a testimonial
dinner to Mr. Charles F. Johnson, the former
secretary and treasurer, whose appointment
as head of the new Luzerne county home, Kris
Lyn, necessitated his recent resignation from the
body. Sixteen members were present, and in
toasts paid tribute to the guest of honor.
Governor Tener of Pennsylvania has appointed
Mr. S. D. Warriner, president of the liehigh
Coal & Navigation Co.. as a member of the
State Mine Cavedn commission, to succeed Mr.
W. A. Lathrop. deceased.
Mr. Abraham Mitchell, Jr., secretary and treasurer
of the Mitchell & Dillon Coal Co., Chicago,
and Miss Mildred Brackenridge of Saugatuck,
Mich., were married recently at the residence of
the bride's parents.
Mr. W. J. Rawson, superintendent of the McDowell
Coal & Coke Co., was probably fatally injured
Dec. 18 at McDowell, W. Va., when the mine motor
got beyond control. He is in a hospital at Welch.
Mr. James C. Dysart, a director of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co., has presented a new and well
equipped building to the Y. M. C. A. of Hollidaysburg.
Pa., in which town he now makes his home.
Mr. J. P. O'Connor, traffic manager for the O'Gara
Coal Co., Chicago, is prominently mentioned as a
candidate for Illinois Railroad commissioner.
Mr. Howard C. Tucker has been appointed coal
freight agent of the Baltimore & Ohio, with headquarters
at Uniontown, Pa.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
CONSERVATION I M WEST VIRGINIA
By Frank Haas, Consulting Engineer The Cc nsolidation Coal Company. Fairmont, W. Va.
We have heard much and are still hearing ot
Conservation of our natural resources. It has
been the subject upon which statesmen have discoursed
for hours, multitudes of articles have been
written, politicians have harangued, alarmists have
bewailed the fate of future generations; in fact,
it has been the favorite subject of discussion in
quite recent years.
The subject is unique in the fact that there appears
to be but one side to the argument, no one
has been so bold as to state that Conservation is
not a good thing, and it appears, as in many other
cases of difficult understanding, that the argument
does not start from the same premise, in short
there may be more than one definition for Conservation.
Let us look into our own State, and particularly
in the coal mining industry and see if we can fine!
what conservation really is and whether we have
been guilty of this undefined and unpunished crime.
We have in West Virginia a comparatively large
area of the carboniferous series of stratifications
which furnish all the kinds of bituminous coals
of the Eastern States. Nature has seen fit to
endow this State within these carboniferous strata,
with coal seams in extent and quality equal to any
similar area in the world. At first glance it would
appear that West Virginia had a store of untold
wealth in her coal fielas, and were we to consider
only the taxable property thus made available and
THE POPULATION ATTRACTED
by their operation, this would be true. But view
ing it strictly from the point of a political economist,
we must confess that eoal lands have no value
unless the means of their development are at hand.
Those who consume coal and are not familiar
with coal mining estimate the value of coal by
what they have to pay for it ancl if we consider
those who live in Boston who pay four dollars per
ton, or those in San Francisco who pay eight dollars
a ton for coal, we can readily conceive of
their impressions of conservation when they hear,
as they recently have, from a prominent authority
in Washington, that we are wasting half our coal.
The statement of this authority may be correct,
but in justice to those at whose door this apparent
crime is laid there should be some explanation as
to how and why this is the case. While the coal
mining industry admits its still crude methods
and a lack of complete comprehension of the laws
of nature with the losses resulting therefrom, yet
it can pride itself on much advancement in this
respect in recent years ancl West Virginia particularly
can compare itself favorably with any other
State in the Union or even foreign countries.
These articles which we so frequently read in
newspapers ancl periodicals are mostly penned bybook
economists who draw too largely from the
literature of the past and the favorite expression
of enormous
PILES OP SLACK
at the mines going to waste is purely a myth, at
least so far as West Virginia is concerned.
Conservation is a very broad subject, particularly
in the coal industry, and to get a comprehensive
knowdedge of the subject it must be studied
from the coal in the ground to its final result by
the consumer. In my opinion, that part of the
lacl; of conservation chargeable to the mining of
coal is a very small part of the whole.
There is perhaps no area of equal size underlaid
with coal in which the natural conditions are so
regular and uniform as in the coal fields of West
Virginia. No true fault of any magnitude is
known to exist. There are no folds or overthrows
so common in most coal fields which make
coal so difficult and dangerous to mine. The
seams are comparatively without inclination ancl
it is only in a few localities where the grades are
excessive. The Pittsburgh seam of coal which
we share with Pennsylvania and Ohio has no equal
in persistence of thickness and character, nor in
the favorable conditions for mining.
All of these facts would indicate that from a
purely mining standpoint there is a decided advantage
and all in favor for the highest degree of conservation.
We have reason to believe that in many parts
of West Virginia true conservation has been practiced,
in fact we have only to look over
OUR OWN TRANSACTIONS,
young as they are, for evidence on this question.
In these times, a coal mine which does not even
claim to recover from 80 to 90 per cent, of the coal
in the seam is looked on with a feeling of scorn,
if not of sympathy. It is hard for a mining man,
now-a-days, to admit that he is not recovering all
the coal that can possibly be recovered. If he
does not succeed in doing this it is under many
difficulties. When a man applies for a position
as mine superintendent, the first question asked
him is not "what per cent, of the coal can you
recover," but rather "how cheap can you mine it,"
or "how quick can you get it out." Here is a
clear case where pure economies and modern business
methods do not coincide and I admit that the
discrepancy is beyond my powers to point out.
The applicant for the position will say, "I will
carry out your orders," he has a good reason, he

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
probably needs the job. The president of the
company, as the agent of the directors, must make
a showing, the directors must declare dividends,
while the stockholders will tell you that they
haven't got their money in this thing for fun and
are firm believers in conservation if it doesn't cost
them any money.
Coming back now to the applicant who now has
his job as superintendent and we find that a time
will come when he is informed that the coal market
is up and he must get out all the coal he can
while the good prospects last. He is sorely
tempted and usually falls. A
CONVENIENT PILLAR
can stand another slab from its side, a room can
be driven just a little farther into the barrier pillar,
and room necks can De pulled just a little
closer together. The pit-boss, or the engineer,
may protest, but only once, that the pillars are too
small, that there is likelihood ot a squeeze, or
that they are too small to recover. But this superintendent
hopes that this venture may prove
better than his judgment or may justify his action
with the thought that it is a large mine and tne
chances are that he will be dead and gone when
those pillars are drawn and will let the other fellow
worry about it.
In this recital there has not been put forth an
exaggerated case, in fact it is quite common and
there are many here who, I am sure, have had
similar cases pass before their observation. On
the other hand, I have known cases where the
mine foreman, inspired either by instinct or principle,
have removed pillar stumps at a cost of
twice the value of the coal—while accomplishing
the spirit of conservation the stockholders have
paid the bill. Will anyone say that the mine
foreman was justified in recovering these stumps
with its chances of losing life and actual loss in
money?
The general geology of this State has been thoroughly
worked out through the efforts of the State
Geologist, tc whom great credit is due for the
amount of work accomplished with such limited
means. In the more important mining centers
the detail geology has been
WORKED OUT COMPLETE,
so that the mining man has no excuse in not being
thoroughly familiar with this important part of
his work.
From these reports we find that many localities
various intervals apart and of various thicknesses.
in fact some have several. These seams are at
various inetrvals apart and of various thicknesses
The conservationist will promptly say that the
upper seams should be worked first in order not
to disturb the lower seams. Stern necessity, on
the other hand, demands that the seam furnishing
the best quality of coal, or the one that is most
cheaply mined should be worked first. This rule
is not invariable but it is common practice, and
considerable destruction of coal in the ground can
be charged to this fact. However, it cannot be
assumed that by mining a lower seam first it
means complete destruction of the seams above.
This is governed largely by the thickness of the
lower seam, the manner in which it is worked ancl
the interval between the two seams. 1 have in
mind now a case where a nine-foot seam was completely
extracted aud a seam 120 feet above it was
later opened and successfully mined, at an increased
expense it is true, but it still proves that
it is a possibility.
Still another instance which can be cited, which
may be of interest here. A seven-foot seam of
superior quality of coal was opened up. It was
found that another seam of coal, four feet thick, of
INFERIOR QUALITY
existed about forty feet above the seven-foot. With
a spii it of conservation, reinforced by a greater
desire to prolong the life of the field, the upper
seam was opened, developed with rooms and pillars
and the pillars finally drawn. The development
of the lower, or seven-foot, seam was then
driven forward in the usual manner with pillars
which were considered of ample size. No difficulty
was experienced until it was attempted to
draw the pillars. Although there was an interval
of forty feet of solid strata between the two seams
the roof had no stability and simply seemed to be
floating on the pillars. Any attempt to remove
the pillars resulted in such a bad condition of an
otherwise good roof that it soon became too dangerous,
if not soo expensive, to remove this coal.
This illustrates that mining the upper seam first
is not always the wisest course.
In addition to what are now considered workable
seams there are many others and the question
comes up what is a workable. In our State where
nearly all the coal is shipped into the competitive
markets of other States, coal must be mined
cheaply and it must be of good quality. To mine
a seam of coal 30 inches or less in thickness in
West Virginia there must be some peculiar local
conditions, either the coal is of exceptional character
or quality or its market local.
If all coal seams less than 30 inches are to be
abandoned it would represent a very large
PERCENTAGE OF THE COAL
in West Virginia. But the fact that they are
abandoned at the present time will not preclude
their extraction at a future time. Present operations
may damage them to a certain extent but
by some additional expenses nearly all of them can

e recovered. We trust that the future generations
may have the necessary means for this extra
expense.
West Virginia has a large variety of coals, in
fact every kind of bituminous coal can be found
in merchantable quantities within her borders.
The time is past when anything of mineral bituminous
nature is coal. It was Marco Polo when
returning from his travels in China in the Thirteenth
Century who ga.ve the first definition of coal,
in that it was "A stone that was black and gave
forth much heat." The coal industry of to-day
requires a much broader definition than this and
the character of a coal has more to do with its
marketable qualities than does its quality. In
fact, we might say that it fixes the relative prices
of coal. Without going into the various applications
for the different kinds of coal it will suffice
to say that gas coal has its special application,
coking coal, smokeless coal and even splint coal
in the domestic trade, and show sufficient reason
why some coals may be temporarily abandoned or
completely ignored.
After the character of coal the quality is the
most ruinous feature in coal mining and is where
the largest permanent losses occur. A seam of
coal that is more than four feet in thickness is
rarely
UNIFORM IN QUALITY,
and it is common practice that if the inferior coal
is either at the top or bottom of the seam, when
sufficient head room can be procured, that this
inferior coal is left in the mine and ultimately lost.
It does appear that this is a waste of fuel but the
operator must keep up his standard in the market
for the B. t. u. man is constantly after him
and will penalize him to such an extent that he
prefers to take no chance, and as a business proposition
he would rather lose a cent's worth of coal
in the hill than be penalized two or more cents
on the coal that he mines. A prominent authority
has made the statement that coal can be considered
as a fuel until the per cent, of impurities exceeds
40 per cent. Yet it is my opinion that if any
operator in West Virginia attempts to market coal
with more than 8 or 9 per cent, of ash he will find
it extremely difficult, if not impossible. Washing
coal appears at first thought to be a remedy but
all coals do not respond to this treatment and.
furthermore, as a fuel proposition washing coa!
really introduces more impurity in the coal than
is taken out. It is a difficult and expensive operation
to take moisture out of coal. West Virginia
coals as a rule have a long haul and the consumer
pays the freight. After all it is not so much the
impurity itself that the consumers object to but
the cost of the freight. This is not true when
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
the coal is used locally, making coke for instance,
where
THERE IS NO TRANSPORTATION
charge. The moisture in the coal in this operation
is not objectionable, in fact by some it is considered
a distinct advantage.
The coal operator in his efforts towards conservation
need look for neither help nor encouragement
from the consumer. The latter is keen on
getting what he pays for but his knowledge of
coal mining is so meager, or entirely absent, that
his demands, if not an injustice, are at least arbitrary.
During the last ten years the method of selling
coal by analysis has been largely introduced and
it was hailed with delight by many consumers
as the method for getting more for their money.
Some of the specifications for the purchase of coal
that have been prepared are simply ridiculous.
The operator was caught unawares and when
the contract and specifications were handed him,
with the option to take or leave it, he took it, to
his sorrow, and learned that there was more to
this E. z. u. business than he had reckoned on.
But he is getting wise and is more cautious about
selling coal on specification and also is not so
free to say that his coal is the best in the country,
especially in the hearing of a prospective purchaser;
much more could be said about the various
specifications that have been used but that is a
subject in itself.
I wish it understood that I am not opposed to a
method of selling coal on . ...
A SPECIFICATION BASIS,
but everything has its limitations and in my opinion
the methods so far suggested have not yet been
perfected nor standardized to an extent to make
them practical.
If there is any virtue in conservation it must be
plain to every one that the specifications under
which coal is sold must be so elastic that any
coal irrespective of its impurities can compete in
the market based on its merits, of course. It
might be said, too, that the United States Government
has been one of the principal offenders in this
line; only a few years ago it put out specifications
that absolutely barred, irrespective of quality 80
per cent, of the West Virginia coals. It probably
had excellent reasons for doing this, but any idea
of conservation was evidently absent.
Probably the greatest advancement in conservation
of coal will occur in the methods of consumption.
Take, for example, the transportation of
coal which is the largest item of freight through
the country. The locomotive is an extremely
wasteful piece of machinery. Probably the average
thermal efficiency of the locomotives now in

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
use does not exceed 6 per cent. This means that
in the country is wasting 94 per cent, of its fuel
in the country is wastin g94 per cent, of its fuel
value. Yet we admit that wonderful progress has
been made in the construction of locomotives in
past years and considering our present knowledge
of thermo-dynamics much credit is due those who
have accomplished this. But the fact still remains
that our lack of knowledge of this science holds
out the possibilities of a tremendous saving in our
coai resources.
In stationary engines the advancement has been
more rapid. From the simple
RECIPROCATING ENGINE
to the compound condensing and then to the turbine
condensing in large units and finally to the
gas engine with producer gas, the thermal efficiency
has been brought up from a very lew figure
to 25 to 27 per cent. Even the best that can be
done now is far short cf what appears good practice
in theory. The producer by-pioduct with gas
engine method, while the most promising from a
thermal efficiency standpoint, has the further advantage
of saving tar and ammonia as by-products
which in some cases represents 75 per cent, of the
value of the coal at the mine. It is probable that
this method will, in the near future, be largely
used where power is produced at the mine and
distributed by electric current.
It has already been mentioned that transportation
is by far the largest cost of fuel to the consumer.
Anything that will eliminate transportation
will be a big factor not only in the reduction
of the cost of coal, but also in its conservation.
At a previous meeting of our fnstifute a power
plant expert pointed out the ideal economic condition
with our present knowledge of power, which
consisted ot power plants scattered over the coal
producing area of the United States at intervals
of 100 to 150 miles, all connected, and extending
the distribution of the power beyond the coal fields
lor a distance of a hundred cr two miles. This
arrangement, it was a.rgued, while representing an
enormous outlay of money, would furnish power at
a uniform price over the entire area and eliminate
almost entirely the present transportation charges
on coal where it is used
FOR POWER PRODUCTION,
which would mean a large saving in t oal. There
is, of course, a large per cent, of coal which must
be transported, steel mills must have gas coal,
blast furnaces must have coke and ocean vessels
must have fuel, etc.
The bee-hive oven has been held up as a striking
example of waste of resources, which we must
frankly admit. But the by-product method of
coke manufacture is making great strides and it
is possible the present year will show that 25 per
cent, of all coke made was manufactured in byproduct
ovens, and there never was a time when
more projects weie en foot for additional by-product
ovens. It is safe to predict that this criticism
will be largely removed, if not entiiely eliminated,
in a very few years.
In this brief and rather disconnected paper on
conservation it has not been the aim to excuse th?
miner from the losses of resources that aie chargeable
to him, but rather to point out that in this
broad question a unity of interests must exist for
results. It will require the humblest consumer
in the kitchen stove to the United States Government
in concerted effort to produce results.
The coal mining industry admits its unperfected
systems of mining and the losses caused by
unfavorable conditions but it stands ready to help
the cause.
We must protest, if but mildly, that if coal is
lost in this state it is not wholly chargeable to the
mining of the coal.
BOUND TO MAKE CONVENTION
A SUCCESSFUL ONE.
Bent on making the ninth annual convention
of the Associated Advertising Clubs of America
at Baltimore next June the most notable in the
history of the organization, the executive officers
of the National Association and the officers and
committees of the subordinate divisions are coordinating
their efforts and co-operating with the
Advertising Club of Baltimore. There are thirteen
district organizations of the National body, all centralizing
their efforts on the approaching convention.
The Eastern Division is especially active.
From the headquarters of the Eastern Division,
which includes all clubs in the states of Maine,
New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode
Island. Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, Connecticut,
New Jersey, Maryland, and the District
of Columbia, comes information that things are
moving in the great campaign of this division to
advertise advertising and "boost" for the convention.
The National executive committee met in Baltimore
Dec. 19 and 20, at which time the program
for the convention was definitely formulated.
The annual dinner of the Advertising Club of
Baltimore took place Dec. 19 at the Emerson Hotel.
Officers of the National Association and others
prominently connected with preparations for the
convention were the guests of the Advertising
Club of Baltimore at this dinner.
The Hillside Coal & Coke Co., Glen Campbell.
Pa„ will make the first shipment from its new Horton
Run mine this date.

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY
AMERICAN MINING CONGRESS.
The following is a summary of the resolutions
passed at the meeting of the American Mining Con­
gress, at Spokane, Wash., recently:
Nos. 1 and 2—Urging the President-elect of the
United States to select as secretary of the interior
a resident in the Public Lands states, acquainted
with public land laws and who by actual experience
is familiar with western conditions.
No. 3—That an appeal be made to Congress for
an appropriation adequate for immediate compilation
and publication by the Census Bureau of the
data now on hand relating to mines and quarries.
No. 4—That in all cases where active development
is in progress, unproductive mining property
may not be burdened with taxation. Asking
that every inducement be offered to stimulate effort
that will create property able to bear the burden
of taxation. Also, that a committee on mine taxation
be appointed, and asked to report to the next
session of this congress.
No. 5—Advocating that some measure of relief
be afforded miners and prospectors by providing
for the construction of roads ir isolated mining
districts located within forest reserves, and that
the Forest Service be required to assist in constructing
and maintaining such roads.
No. 7—That as a number of the states are now
considering the advisability of placing upon their
statute books laws governing and controlling the
sale of stocks and bonds, a committee be appointed
to gather information en this subject and ascertain
what laws are now on the statute books of
various states, and submit a report thereon to the
next meeting of this congress, or to the board of
directors for appropriate action.
No. 9—Recommending to Congress the enactment
of a law authorizing claimants to coal lands
in Alaska located prior to Nov. 12, 1906, to maintain
actions in the courts of Alaska against the.
United States, to determine the validity of their
respective claims, etc.
No. 10—Asking that the Mt. Olympus National
Monument (a reserve of more than 600,000 acres
within the Olympic National Forest, State of Washington)
be abolished and that area be restored to
the Olympic Forest, which will amply protect the
scenic value of the region without prohibiting prospecting
and mining.
No. 11—Asking that Congress legislate to secure
similar charges for assaying gold in the United
States assay offices of the West and on the Pacific
Coast, as at the United States assay office, New
York.
No. 12—Favoring legislation conferring jurisdiction
upon the proper United States courts to entertain
suits and determine the law of fact de novo
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39-
and render final decision in all cases involving the
claim or right to possession, title, etc., to any
non-mineral or mineral lands under mining or
other public land laws, under certain stated conditions.
No. 14—That laws be enacted extending the
principal of eminent domain to aerial trams, electric
lines, and to pipe lines and other proper utilities.
No. 15—That Congress be commended for authorizing
the beginning of studies of problems of
metal mines, such as exist in the West—in particular
mining accidents; also the treatment of
low-grade ores and tailings not at present commercially
valuable for lack of suitable means of treatment.
No. 16—Superseded by a later resolution.
No. 17—Again urging the passing of legislation
now pending, and providing for Federal assistance
lo state mining schools.
No. 18—Authorizing the president of the American
Mining Congress to appoint a committee on
Alaskan affairs: (1) to give publicity to deliberations
of the congress on Alaskan questions; (2) to
urge the United States Congress to grant prompt
relief as proposed; and to work to secure the passage
of laws that will permit development of
Alaska's varied resources; also, to work to secure
the construction of railways.
No. 19—Urging enactment of state laws against
mills, smelters, etc., disguising or destroying identity
of any lot of ore before its value shall have
been definitely agreed upon between the buyer and
the seller.
No. 20—Advocating thorough revision of Federal
mining law, and to secure a commission to study
and report on a form of revision.
No. 21—Advocating the retention of the present
tariff duties on lead and zinc ores, and pledging
opposition of the American Mining Congress to any
reduction.
No. 22—In connection with compensation to
working men injured in industry, reaffirming faith
in the justice of the position that each industry
should carry its own burdens, resulting from accidents
incident to it, and urging the passage of
laws embodying this principle.
No. 23—Favoring the construction of two trunk
lines of railway from the Pacific coast of Alaska
to the great navigable water systems of the interior;
either by government aid, or by the government
itself. Also, the repeal of the annual
license tax of $100 per mile and the warehouse tax
in Alaska.
No. 24—Recommending legislatures of the various
states containing large areas of Federal reservations
to endeavor to secure, by their representatives
in Congress, appropriations necessary to co

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
operate with all main and trunk line wagon roads,
etc. Congress to be requested to provide for the
construction of roads through Federal reserves.
Resolutions Nos. 25 and 26 dealt with matters
connected with financing the American Mining
Congress, and No. 27 was an expression of appreciation
of help and entertainment provided by local
bodies ancl all others.
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH INSTRUCTOR
TO TEACH MINE CLASSES IN Y. M. C. A.
ROOMS NEAR PITTSBURGH.
. Recently the dean of the University of Pittsburgh
offered the services of a member of the faculty of
the School of Mining of that institution as instructor
to any class of mining men within a reasonable
distance of Pittsburgh that would pay
the traveling expenses of such an instructor. T.
B. Dilts, State Mining Work Secretary of the Y.
M. C. A., was invited to organize the classes and
make the necessary arrangements. Mr. Dilts was
in Connellsville, Pa., during the fortnight in consultation
with Secretary Baer ancl mining men
with reference to the organization of a ciass there.
The Y. M. C. A. of Connellsville will furnish the
meeting place and Secretary Baer has already
taken up the task of securing the necessary number
of students. Ten or more will be necessary
to make the class self-supporting. Each student
will pay 25 cents a night, the class meeting one
night a week during the months of January, February
and March, finishing the course of studies
before the April examinations.
If five classes can be organized in the bituminous
region the University will add an extra man
to its faculty who will give all his time to this
work.
The students will be under necessity of buying
only such pamphlets as are used in the course.
First aid to the injured will also be taught to
boys of Connellsville by Secretary Baer each Saturday
afternoon. The first aid lessons will be
given in lectures and demonstrations by the secretary,
and wiil, during the winter months, give the
boys who attend all the knowledge of first aid
they need for ordinary emergencies.
The Interstate Commerce Commission Dec. 24
called upon all anthracite coal carrying railroads
and their affiliated coal companies to furnish the
commission by March 1 detailed information as
lo their coal operations. Ail the carriers are required
to report the names of the coal companies
owned or controlled by them and to submit an
accurate statement of their mining and sales operatidns.
GRATIFYING ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF RIVER
COAL COMPANY'S RELIEF ASSOCIATION
REVEALED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING-
OFFICIALS ENTERTAIN DELEGATES.
The annual convention of the Employes' Relief
Association of the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co. took place December 19 in the
Assembly Hall of the Oliver building, Pittsburgli.
Delegates elected by the miners at the several
plants of the River company were present. George
W. Schluederberg, general manager of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co., called the convention to order and
welcomed the delegates. John Gallagher, dele­
gate from Knob mine, was elected permanent chairman
and W. F. Kapp, secretary of the Relief Association,
acted as secretary.
The annual report of Treasurer W. Hamilton
Brunt was received. This reveals the extent of
the operations of the Association for the past
year and since its establishment March 1, 1907.
During the five years of the life of the Association,
the receipts have amounted to $323,752.41. Of this
amount, the River company contributed $48,825.50;
employes' dues $262,394.19. The total disbursements
in that period amounted to $30S,306.59, of
which $274,S67.46 was paid for benefits because of
fatal accidents, deaths of employes, their wives,
parents and children, from other causes and for
non-fatal accidents. The River company paid the
administration expenses of the Association,
amounting to $18,606.85 in addition to the company's
contribution before noted. The balance
on hand for relief November 30 was $15,445.82.
In the past year, the total receipts amounted to
$62,SSI.91 and the benefits paid were $53,050.81.
The delegates were given a dinner at the Monongahela
House that evening and afterwards attended
the Gayety theater. S. R. Wilson, real estate
agent of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., managed and
conducted the affairs of the evening with pleasing
success.
The following are the delegates attending and
the mines represented: S. D. Redmond, Albany;
Clyde Brewer, Alice; Walter Hynes, Apollo; John
Wright, Black Diamond; Pete Kronenberger, Becks
Run; John Pritchard, Bunola; Walter Sample, Chamouni;
George B. Irvine, Coal Bluff; Gorley
Stokes, Cincinnati; James Paulick, Catsburg;
Charles A. Bell, Eclipse; Samuel McFarlane, Fayette
City; John Gallagher, Knob; John Malady,
Lovedale; Robert. B. Ludlam, Little Redstone;
George Gregory, Mongah; Samuel Sinimons.Risher;
John L. Rae, Jr., Sunnyside; Peter Lehew, Treruont;
Harry Delbarre, Crescent; Jos. Bartow, Walton
No. 2; John Wilkes, Yough No. 2; James Pan-
Coast, Marine Ways; James Watchorn, Vigilant;
George Crumpton, Gallatin.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
LIFE OF THE CONNELLSVILLE COKE REGIONS
By Mr. H. A. Ruhn. President, Pittsburgh-Westmoreland Coal Co.
Statement showing number of ovens, number of
acres of coal attached thereto, life of individual
oven plants of the old Connellsville basin (Connellsville
region proper) ancl the Lower Connellsville
field (Klondike region):
The life of a plant is arrived at in the following
manner: Six thousand five hundred tons of
coke is assumed to be the yield per acre after
losses in extracting the old standing ribs and pillars
are deducted, also, the coal used for steam purposes.
Thirteen and one-half tons of coke per
week, or 700 tons per annum, is assumed to be
the production of an oven. The acreage is multiplied
by* 6.500 and divided by the 700 times the
number of ovens. This gives the life of a plant
in years, approximately.
All available coal is now owned and operated
by companies.
CONNELLSVILLE FIELD—OVENS AND ACRES IN EEAH
TOWNSHIP.
OLD BASIN.
County.
Fayette.
Westmoreland.
Total
Fayette.
Township.
Number
of Ovens.* Acres.
Bullskin 449 51
Upper Tyrone.... 530 98
Lower Tyrone. ... 223
Spring Hill 328
East Huntingdon. 2,268
Mt. Pleasant 3,580
Unity 2,669
Derry 663
Connellsville .... 333
17
283
865
4,983
4,837
466
150
4,791
Dunbar 3,552 1.749
Franklin 596 6,550
North Union
South Union
3,071
1,994
2,296
5,325
Georges 2,729
22,985 32,461
KLONDIKE.
Nicholson 1.260
German 4,157
Menallen
Redstone
Luzerne .
Franklin
Perry ...
2,665
2,690
934
880
198
,228
,054
,370
,996
,920
343
'lis
Total 12,784 33,029
Grand Total 35,769 65,490
•Number of ovens in each case are taken from
the tax lists, other compilations being found to be
somewhat inaccurate.
CONNELLSVILLE FIELD—OVENS GOING OUT OF BLAST.
Old Basin.
In 1 year .. . . . .2,620
2 " .. 970
3 " . . . . . LS03
4 " .. 504
5 " . . . . . 1,190
6 " .. 160
7 " . . . . . 1,101
8 " . . 972
9 " .. . . . 1,028
Klondike.
324
234
752
742
424
310
340
430
Total.
2,944
1,20-1
2,555
1,246
1,190
584
1,411
1,312
1,458
In 10
" 11
" 12
" 13
" 14
" 15
" 16
" 17
"
Totals . . .. 17,491
SIM.MARY-
Next 3 years.
" 5
" 10 "
" 15
" 17 "
50
550
36
. . 1,953
350
2 6 9 2
Old I Basin
5,393
7,097
11,940
14,529
17,491
258
526
400
530
860
1,840
526
450
1,080
36
1,953
350
3,482
6,130 2.3 621
:NS ABANDONED DUE TO EXHAUSTED
ACREAGE.
Klondike.
1,310
2,052
3,814
5,270 '
6,130
Total.
6,703
9,139
15,744
19,789
2.3.621
After 17 years there will be, of all ovens shown,
5,494 ovens in the Old Basin with 5,881 acres of
coal left, with an average life of 9+ years; and
6,654 ovens in the Klondike with 9,501 acres of
coal left with an average life of 13+ years.
SUMMARY NO. 2. ELIMINATING TIIE H. C. PRICK COKE
CO., MERCHANT OVENS ABANDONED DUE TO
EXHAUSTED ACREAGE.
Old Basin. Klondike. Total.
Next 3 years.. . . . 2,575 1,310 3,885
5 " ... 3,135
2,05,2
5,187
0 " . ... 4,691
3,814 8.505
5
6,455 4,760 11,215
After 15 years there will be of the present oven
plants shown 1,039 ovens in the Old Basin, with
1,653 acres of coal left, with an average life of
14+ years; and 3,842 ovens in the Klondike with
5.7S1 acres of coal lett, with an average life of
13+ years.
NUMBER AND LIFE OF OVENS IN CONNELLSVILLE
FIELD OF H. C. FRICK COKE CO.:
Number Average
of Ovens. Acres. Life.
Old Basin 15,491 23,896 14+years.
Klondike 4,182 14,271 31+ "
In addition to the above the Frick Coke Co. has
2,935 acres in Redstone township, 1,043 acres in
Menallen township and 4,423 acres in Luzerne
township on which there are apparently no ovens.
This coal together with considerable acreage in
adjoining townships will probably be shipped to
by-product ovens, making the total life of the Steel
Corporation's coal lands in the Klondike district
approximately 20 to 25 years, assuming that they
draw on these lands to make up the decline in the
Old Basin.
NUMBER AND LIFE OF OVENS IN CONNELLSVILLE
FIELD OUTSIDE OF H. C. FRICK COKE CO. :
Number Average
of Ovens. Acres. Life.
Old Basin 7,494 8,565 10+years.
Klondike 8,602 16,866 1S+ "

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Name of
Company. Countj
H. C. Frick Fayette..
Pennsville C. Co
W. J. Rainey
H. C. Frick
J. R. Stauffer
B. F. Keister
Newcomer "
Cochran Bros "
H. C. Frick
W. J. Rainey
Shannon C. Co "
Republic I. & S
Adah C. Co
United-Conn
Sackett
Brownfield Westmlcl
H. C. Frick
Majestic "
Peerless
W. J. Rainey "
Brush Run "
Clare C. Co
H. C. Frick
Mt. Pleasant
Magee C. Co
Marion C. Co
XV. J. Rainey "
Sunshine C. & C
Veteran C. Co
Mt. Pleasant
Bessemer "
Clare C. Co
Conn.-Mutual
H. C. Frick
Township,
Bull Skin
Up. Tyrone
Low. Tyrone
Spring Hill.
E. Huntingdon
Mt. Pleasant.
Unity
Name Number
District. of Plant. of Ovens.
. Old Basin. .Coalbrook 120
. .Painter 120
. .Pennsville 85
. .Grace 124
. .Morgan 110
. .McClure 60
. .Tip Top 120
..Henry Clay 120
. .Dexter 40
. .Franklin 50
30
. .Dawson 61
..Sterling No. 2 70
. .Jimtown 50
. .Shannon 42
. .Achison 138
..Adah 40
. .Crystal 120
50
. .Sackett 30
32
..Central 301
. .Alverton No. 1. . . ( 250
5 104
. .Southwest 1 625
2 252
3 205
4
..Buckeye 116
. .Bethany 40
. .Caroline 32
. .Acme 261
. .Union 50
. .Brush Run 30
. .Clare 100
Standard 1 ]
;; 2 i
3 j. 903
" * I
" Slope J
. .Calumet 260
. .Brinkcrton 240
. .Mammoth 510
..Mullen
. .Hecla No. 1 272
..Hecla No. 2 500
• • " No. 3 300
..Mt. Pleasant 150
. .Udell 120
. .Mammoth 40
. .Marion 25
. .Veteran SO
1S2
. .Humphries X0O
. .Love 16
• -Baggaley 397
. .Chambers
. .Dorothy 230
. .Marguerite 400
teres.
36
2
4
9
42
6
42
4
2
2
7
4
1
5
155
28
84
16
3
165
56
77
224
75
11
77
13
2
3
150
9
15
31
2.199
244
441
3
200
250
232
945
16
21
8
350
10
18
350
36
50
8
348
100
347
614
Life of
Plant.
3 yrs.
1 "
1 "
1 "
2 "
1 "
1 "
3 "
1 "
1 "
1 "
1 "
1 '"
1 "
1 "
10 "
6 "
6 "
5 "
1 '*
5 "
2 "
7 "
3 "
O
1 "
3- "
1 "
1 "
1 "
5 "
2 "
4 "
2
9 "
1 "
8 "
7 "
5
7 "
60 "
1 "
5 "
3 "
•>
2 "
17 "
3 "
O "
3 "
9 "
3 "
15 "
15 "

Name of
Company. County
H. C. Frh I: Westmld
Hostetter "
Latrobe C. Co "
Sunshine C. & C
S. Fayette C. Co
Unity-Conn. C Co....
Whyel C. Co
Bessemer
Humphries
Loyallianna
Latrobe C. Co
Unity
H. C. Frick Fayette..
Brown & Cochran... "
Cochran Sons "
H. C. Frick
W. J. Rainey
H. C. Frick
Browning
Genuine Conn
W. J. Rainey
H. C. Frick
Percy M. Co
Oliver & Snyder.... "
W. J. Rainey
Stewart Iron Co....
Sunshine C. & C
H. C. Frick
W. J. Rainey
H. C. Frick
(( K
tt H
Penn C. Co
Wyle
Wharton C. Co
Hope C. Co
Gilmore C. Co
Baxter C. Co
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
Township. District.
Name
of Plant.
Unity Old Basin . .Oliver . . .
. . Monastery
Derry
Connellsv
Dunbar ..
Franklin
North Uni
South Union
Georges
. . Mutual . .
. . Trauger .
..W. & H. .
. . Shirey
. Duquesne .
. No. S
. Pandora . .
.Superior .
. No. 1
. Davidson .
.Nellie
.Clarissa . .
.Trotter . . .
.Adelaide . .
. Leisenring
.Summit
.Fort Hill
. Paul
.Juniata
. Browning
.Genuine
. Elm Grove . ..
. Bitner
. Leisenring 2..
.Youngstown .. .
. Lamont No. 1 . .
.Phillips
.Lamont No. 2.
. Percy
.Oliver
.Mt. Braddock .
. Beeson
.Chester
. Leith
. Brownfield . . .
.Continental 1. .
.Revere
. Kyle
. Wynn
. York Run ....
.Shoaf
.Oliphant
. Fairchance ...
.Continental Nc.
.Collier
. Smithfield
.Thomas
. Smithfield ....
. Hope
.Gilmore
. Baxter
Number
of Ovens.
160
195
707
136
20
36
90
244
50
218
71
80
GOO
329
108
464
375
500
351
500 |
250
125 |
300
250
20
58
218
300
145
240. '
227
420
350
36
,108
371
120
54
298 '
446
400
300 J
550
164 '
170
50O
448
250
170
300
400
-12
40
86
38
101
20
Acres.
450
34
288
46
2,036
50
6
54
20
195
64
166
23
18
150
29
1
4,250
31
511
32
78
1,608
3.906
596
55
1,586
357
50
1,517
;-'.<
5,245
7
18
3
49
Total Old Basin 22,985 32,401
Life of
Plant.
11 vis.
2
12
8
17
15
5 •t
50
16
14
15
9
in

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Name of
Company. Co unty.
McKeefry
Republic I. & S
Sunshine C. Co
Fayette C. Co
S. Favette C. Co ...
Sunshine C. Co
Puritan C Co
H. C. Frick
,<
„
,<
.,
Atlas C. Co
Brier Hill C. Co
Fayette C. Co
A. L. Keister
Prospect C. & C ,
Sunshine C. & C
Taylor C. & C
Waltersburg
H C Frick
Brier Hill C. Co
Century C. Co
Dunlap-Conn
Rock Coal Co
W. J. Rainev
Republic, I. & S
Struthers I. Co
Tower Hill C. Co....
ThompsonjConn
H. C. Frick
W. J. Rainey
Thompson-Conn
Tower Hill
Union-Conn
H. C. Frick
Browning C. Co
Franklin C. Co
H. C. Frick
Kane & Wilkie
Perry C. Co
tte.. .
Total Kloi
Name
Township. District. of Plant.
" ..Donald 1
,,
•' " . .McKeefrv
. .Martin
" ..F. & W
Grand Tol al of Old Basin and Klondike.
" ..V. & M. S
... .... " .. Kauffman
" ..F. & E
" ..H. & F
.. . " .... " . .Puritan
" .... " . .Edenborn
... " .... " . .Lecrone
.... " . .Footdale
. . . .... " . .Ronco
. . . .... " . .Lambert
. . . " .... " . .Hoover
" .Old Home
...Menallen .... " ..Lafayette
" . .C. & S
.... . .Shamrock ....
.. . .... " . . Lincoln
" .... " . .Solon
... .... . .Finlev
.... " . .Eleanor
.... .. Searight
.... . . Buffington ....
.... " . .Dearth
.. .Redstone .... "
.. . " .... " ..Centurv
.... . . Garwood
.... . .Orient
" ..Roval
.... . . Republic
.... . .Fairbank
" ..Tower Hill
• • • • . .Thompson ....
. . Luzerne " ..Allison
• • • • " . .Thompson ....
" ..Tower Hill
• • • • " . .Katharine
. . .Franklin " ..Butte Run
• • • • " . .Leon
• • • • . .Smock
...Perry " ..Banning .
..North Star
• • • • . .Anicia ....
••• • " ..Perry ....
Number
of Ovens.
240
160
.... 44
202
244
210
250
... 450
24
104
102
26
202
72
500 "1
460 |
640 j-
400 j
350 |
460 J
60
57
220
470
225
200
400
100
32
SO
250
146
292
250
. . . . 210
205
119
4S0
140
IS7
93
398
200
258
400
400
"94
... 140
20
30
.. . 530
76
60
32
Acres.
332
609
787
100
256
887
214
192
787
4
26
17
9
140
28
8,415
224
167
202
135
489
245
545
28
1
50
662
102
1,366
545
722
4S
257
152
917
120
1,349
1,126
813
90
307
203
2,935
577
1,150
1.588
605
31
15
689
1,608
50
45
18
5
33,0-29
65,490
Life of
Plant.
19 vrs.
23 "
17 "
99
11 "
37 "
9 "
7 "
17 "
51 "
1 "
2 "
1 "
1 "
6 "
32 "
30 "
20 "
9 "
3 "
22
S "
12 "
2 "
1 "
4 "
17 "
6 "
30 "
21 "
15 "
9 "
11 "
11 "
19 "
8 "
37 "
100 "
20 "
4 "
10 "
4 "
28 "
37 "
14 "
4 "
13 "
53 "
6 "
7 "
4 "

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 46
GROWTH OF STEAM POWER IN THE UNITED STATES
Demands an Enormous and Continuous Increase in Coal Production.
MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS.
Census Census Census
1899. 1904. 1909.
Horse power 10,097,893 13,487,707 18,680,106
Rate of Power Growth—86 per cent, in 10 years
cent, per year.
LIGHT AND POWER
'Jensus Census
1904. 1909.
Light and power stations 1,369,155 2,627,450
Street, railway power stations. 1,298,133 2,368,183
1913. 1920.
Probable 25,000,000 35,000,000
for Manufacturing Establishments, or 8.6 per
STATIONS.
Probable total
1913.
200,000
1920.
12,000,000
Total 2,6-67,288 4,995,633
Rate of Growth in Power Establishments Supplying Light, Heat, Power and Street Railways—90
per cent, in 5 years, or IS per cent, per year.
POWER DISTRIBUTION OF MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS TRIBUTARY TO THE PITTSBURGH COAL.
District. Total Power 18,680,106 Per Cent.
of Whole.
New England States 2,715,121 13%
New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania 5,531,502 30%
Ohio 1,583,155 8.4%
Total 9,829,778
Which shows 50 per cent, directly tributary to Pittsburgh c-oal district.
In addition, the Pittsburgh coal district has the Northwest and Lake markets, which take in
themselves 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 tons of Pittsburgh coal a year, and are not included in above.
The steam railroads, which consume about 33 per cent, of the coa.1 production of the United
States, are not given above, but the railroad power is distributed in about the same proportions as
the manufacturing power.
To show the trend of power distribution and growth of power. Massachusetts increased in 5year
period 15 per cent, and Wisconsin 129 per cent.
STATEMENT SHOWING THE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF THE
IRON PRODUCTION OF THE UNITED STATES
With Special Reference to
COKING COAL OF PITTSBURGH. DISTRICT.
This statement shows:
1. That 75 per cent, to 80 per cent, of all the Iron Production of the United States is located
tributary to the Coking Coal of the Pittsburgh district.
2. The quantity of Coke required by the different Iron Producing districts. This is arrived
at by taking the Pig Iron production of the United States for the last five years and the Coke production
for a like period. The Pig Iron production of the United States from 1907 to 1911. inclusive,
was 117,445,261 tons, and the Coke production from 1907 to 1911, inclusive, was 183,388.466 tons.
Coke required (for blast furnaces, foundries, smelters and gas production) in terms ol 1 ton of
Pig Iron production equals 1.56+ tons of Coke production.
One Month's Require-
Month of ments of Coke for
October, 1912, Furnaces, Foundries,
No. of Pig Iron Etc., Based on
State. District. Stacks. Production. 5-Year Statistics.
Tons. Tons.
New York, f Buffalo 16 I
l Other 2 \ 179,726 280,372
Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh District 51 621,813 970,028
Eastern Pennsylvania (small stacks) 35 227,106 354,285
Western Pennsylvania 18 157,027 244,962
Shenango Valley 16 143,115 223,259
Mahoning 20 256,711 400,469
Ohio. Central and Northern 21 237,506 370,509
Ohio and West
Virginia. Wheeling District If* 189 118,037 1,941,041 184,137 3,028,021
Chi('3.£o District—
Mich., Wis. and Minn 38 38 442,091 442,091 689,661 689,661
Southern Ohio 9 38,419 59,933
New Jersey 1 5,370 8,377
Southern States 41 239,686 373,910
Western States 3 54 23,326 306,S01 36,390 478,610
281 2,689,933 4,196,292

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The above analysis shows that based on the Iron production of October, 1912, that the requirements
of Pennsylvania, New York and Northern Ohio, with half of the Chicago and Northern
Lake District, there will be an annual demand for 40,485,212 tons of coke from the Pittsburgh District
ovens less approximately 4,136,000 tons of coke manufactured in 2.322 by-product ovens which
are now established in Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio, less approximately, 1,000,000 tons replaced
by hard coal in Eastern Pennsylvania, leaving a net demand on the Pittsburgh District of
approximately 35,000,000 tons of coke a year.
lows:
GROWTH IN PIG IRON—FORECAST OF PRODUCTION.
Up to 1920. Based on Average Flat Rate of Increase from 1900 tc 1910.
PRODUCTION OF PIG IRON IN UNITED STATES.
1900 13,789,242 tons.
1910 26,315,607 tons.
Approximate Average Annual Flat Rate of Increase 1,171,334 tons.
For the next 10 years 1.400,000 tons can be assumed as the average flat rate of annual increase.
By adding this flat rate of increase the annual production from 1912 to 1920 would be as fol­
This forecast allows little for increase in population or increased use of iron per capita.
Annual Forecast Annual Forecast Coke Re-
Average Pig Iron quired: 1.56 Tons Coke t:>
Production. 1 Ton Pig Ircn Production.
Year. Tons. Tons.
1912 29.115,000 45,419,000
1913 30.515,000 47,603,000
1914 31,915,000 49,787,000
1915 33,315,000 51,971.000
1916 34,715,000 54.155,000
1917 36,115,000 56,339,000
1918 37,515,000 58,523,000
1919 38.915,000 60,707,000
1920 40.315,000 62,891,000
OKLAHOMA'S COAL PRODUCTION SHOWS
INCREASE OF NEARLY $1,000,000 TONS.
In his annual report submitted to Governor
Cruce of Oklahoma, Chief Mine Inspector Ed. Boyle
of that state says:
The coal production for the fiscal year closing
June 30, was 3,1S3,457 tons, an increase of nearly
one million tons over the preceding year. Placing
this at $2.25 per ton on board the car, would make
the total value $6,617,645.54. To produce the
above named tonnage it reciuired the services of
5,167 miners, 2.395 inside or day men, 1,3,82 outside
or top men, making a total of 8,743 in all.
They worked 13,953 days, using 149,194 kegs of
black powder, 4S.795 pounds of carbonite, 121.005
pounds of masurite, 26,094 pounds of monobel,
3,536 cases of dynamite. Nineteen and one-third
tons produced to each keg of powder used. There
were 103 fatal accidents, 72 widows and 169 orphans.
There were 20,610 tons of coal produced
for every fatal accident, or for eveiy man killed.
The report shows that the 5,167 miners taken to
produce the above named tonnage show an average
of 616 tons each for the year ending June 30, 1912.
Placing this tonnage at the average rate of 9U
cents per ton, including yardage and other dead
work, would make the earning capacity of each
miner $594.40. The total cost of explosives to
produce the above named tonnage: Black powder,
$298,388; calculating all other explosives above
mentioned at the rate of 17 cents per pound, would
make the sum of $163,383.48. Grand total of all
explosives used $361,771.48, making it cost each
miner the sum of $70. By de-ducting the $70 for
explosives, would leave a net balance to each
miner of $524.40. This is not including the costs
to the miner of blacksmith work, fuse, oil and
blasting paper and other incidental expenses.
DOCTOR DIES FROM DISEASE HE
WAS FIGHTING AT MINES.
Dr. William Blaney Stevenson, of Pittsburgh.
died Dec. 23 of diphtheria, at Coal Center, Pa.
Doctor Stevenson died a martyr to a cause to
which he recently dedicated his life. He left Pittsbuigh
when the diphtheria epidemic attacked the
ranks of the miners' children, and announced he
intended living among them and trying to better
the sanitary conditions throughout the region.
Since last spring he has worked day and night,
fighting the scourge that has taken hundreds of
children.
The Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co. has
secured an option on about 3,000 acres of coal just
east of Clarksburg, Indiana county, Pa., from the
New York Central railroad, which purchased the
tract less than two years ago.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
George Otis Smith. Director
After discussing the need for new buildings,
Director George Otis Smith of the U. S. Geological
Survey, in his annual report, just submitted to
Secretary of the Interior Walter L. Fisher, says:
Notwithstanding the growth of the Survey work
along practical economic lines, scientific work has
not been neglected. In fact, in the Geological
Survey the scientific investigations are inseparable
from the economic work, though the one or
the other may predominate in purpose according
to the needs of the particular research in hand.
In any field economic work of the highest rank is
impossible- without full knowledge of the scientific
laws and principles pertaining to the subject of
the work; but as there is no application of geolcgy
which does not. involve unsolved problems, some
of them of the highest importance, the best knowledge
available is nevertheless relative. It thus
follows that the broad and searching observations
which should accompany every piece of good
economic work comprehend data that are eventually
combined in the construction of new scientific
hypotheses, some of which, as more observations
accumulate, grow into established laws or principles
that are in turn of the greatest practical
consequence. Thus the detailed studies of the
metalliferous deposits in one region or another
bring to light evidence from which to determine
the genesis of the ores ancl the modes or conditions
of their occurrence, and the economic inquiry
becomes more intelligent and successful
when once this new principle regarding the mode
of an ore occurrence is understood.
On account of the plain duty of this Federal
service to minister to the immediate needs of the
various mining districts, it is not generally possible
to concentrate and direct the observations to
a series of regions systematically chosen as suited
soonest to furnish the requisite data bearing especially
on some particular scientific problem, however
important and advantageous its solution may
be; but nevertheless the data are gradually accumulated
for the interpretation of many of these
problems without sacrifice of the Survey's obligations
to the public. An
INTERESTING ILLUSTRATION
of the deduction of a principle from data so accumulated
is found in the paper by W. H. Emmons
on the enrichment of sulphide ores, the manuscript
of which has been completed during this
year. Another illustration of scientific results
based on a long period of field studies, pertaining
mainly to economic areas, is found in the pre-
Paleozoic history of central North America, as de­
scribed in the monograph by Van Hise and Leith
on the geology of the Lake Superior region, which
appeared during the year.
Among other long-term studies more distinctly
scientific in character may be mentioned particularly
the investigations, made under Mr. Vaughan's
direction, of the formations of the southern Coastal
Plain and Gulf embayment, which, though having
an economic object, are yielding important contributions
to our knowdedge of the stratigraphy,
physiography, and geologic history of this province;
tbe work under the direction of Mr. Cross
in the San Juan region of southwestern Colorado.
wdiich. in connection with the thorough geologic
studies made during the preparation of folios, is
affording new scientific results of a high order
concerning especially the volcanism and physiography
of the region; and the studies begun last
year by Messrs. Campbell and Alden in the Glacier
National Park, which promise important results
concerning the origin of the structure and physiography
of this part of the Rocky Mountains and of
the glacial topography, which, as it is still "in the
making," offers exceptional opportunities for scientific
study as well as observation by the traveler
interested in the natural wonders of his own country.
Important regional studies of high scientific
rank wdiich should also be mentioned are those
prosecuted by Mr. Keith and his associates, on the
difficult stratigraphy and intricate geologic structure
of the older Paleozoic regions of western New
England and the Appalachian region, the results
of which are partly published in folio texts, and
those carried on by Prof. Emerson in southern New
England. A report by Prof Emerson on the geology
of Massachusetts and Rhode Island has been
submitted during the year.
The paleontologic work of the Survey continues
to be of the highest rank. Many of its publications,
written by the most distinguished representatives
of the various
BRANCHES OF PALEONTOLOGY
in the country and embodying experience and observations
gathered during years of patient research,
have contributed much to the scientificreputation
of the organization. The descriptive
paleontologic papers are often treated as "pure
science," yet instructive, striking, or tedious as
may be these delineations of the groups of animal
or plant life which lived on the globe in some
particular epoch, there is not one of these papers
describing the fauna or flora of a formation that
does not prove sooner or later to possess practical
value and to be essential to geology in its con-

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
stantly increasing refinement of study and results.
Without paleontologv the geologic classification
of formations, their correlation, ancl the determination
of their mutual relations would be impossible.
In fact, real and symmetrical progress in geology
is impossible without corresponding interrelated
development ancl refinement of its handmaid paleontology.
The economic geology of any region
of complicated structure is blind and inconsequent
unless the time relations of the strata concerned
are known. The monograph now being issued
from the press on the Cambrian Braehiopoda, prepared
by ex-Director Walcott ancl representing
many years of painstaking study and distinguished
attainment, embraces our best and most complete
presentation of the criteria for the discrimination
of the Cambrian formations in America and will
for many years be a manual tor use of workers in
Cambrian geology ancl paleontology. This monograph
brings deserved credit to American science
and to the Geological Survey, undei whose auspices
most of the work was accomplished. Other paleontologic
publications specially deserving mention
by reason of their scientific merit are .1. P. Smith's
philosophic treatment of the Middle Triassic
faunas, and the monograph on the Mesozoic and
Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States by
W. B. Clark and M. W. Twitchell, the manuscripts
for both of which are now in hand. Work like
that of Kindle on the Onondaga fauna, lately
printed, and that by Berry on the Upper Cretaceous
and Eocene floras of South Carolina and
Georgia ancl by Stephenson on the
CRETACIOUS DEPOSITS
of the eastern Gulf region, both now in
manuscript, are indispensable to geology. In these
papers the stratigraphic value and the practical
application of the results of the paleontologic investigations
are given much prominence. The
two papers last named are based on materials gathered
in the course of the study of the Coastal Plain
already mentioned, the economic motive for which
was the investigation of the underground water
resources. They are therefore representative of a
series of scientific reports resulting from studies
wdiose immediate object is economic.
The folios describing and mapping in detail the
geology of quadrangles in different parts of the
country are regarded as mainly scientific, though
always giving attention to the economic resources
of the region. The areal studies now in progress
in the valley region of central Alabama, a part of
which has been described by Mr. Butts in the Bessemer-Vandiver
and Montevallo-Columbiana folios,
now in hand, promise important additions to the
geologic history of the southern Appalachian region.
On the other hand, the Claysville (Pennsylvania)
folio, which has been issued during the
year, affords a striking example of the first-hand
aid in oil and gas developments to be derived from
the careful delineation of geologic structure and
its economic explanation. Not inferior in scientific
value to the papers just cited, though primarily
economic, are such reports as those by Messrs.
Brooks and Prindle on the Mount McKinley region,
Alaska, and by Messrs. Calkins and Emmons on
the geology and ore deposits of the Philipsburg
quadrangle, in Montana.
An important and interesting effect upon tlie
scientific work of the Survey has resulted from the
work in land classification. The constantly increasing
demand for both completeness and exactness
of information regarding the mineral resources
ol the public, lands under classification
have developed methods and scope of view in this
economic work that have exerted a marked influence
on the folio work in other areas.
Thus, the training ancl methods developed in the
course of the classification of the coal lands have
brought about higher
STANDARDS OF REFINEMENT
in stratigraphy, as well as in economic work, in
other i egions of the country. Another very notable illustration
of scientific results springing from the
study of economic problems is found in tlie administration
of the Weeks Act. The intensive hydrometric
experimental studies carried on in order
actually to show, in accordance with the terms ol
tlie law, the degree of protection afforded by forests
to soil and water in certain areas proposed for
purchase as national forests have resulted in empirical
determinations and demonstrations of high
scientific value as well as of tangible economic importance.
The principles governing tlie origin and mode ot
occurrence of petroleum and natural gas are as
yet but fragmentary grasped. Every oil field
examined in detail contributes its data for use in
tbe eventual interpretation of the problems, and
each pool is studied with keen alertness for the
discovery of some key which, may aid in the coordination
of tiie data, which sometimes, according
to the region ancl conditions, seem, on account
of our lack of knowledge, even to be in conflict.
The observations made by the Survey geologists in
the oil ancl gas fields of California ancl Kentucky
promise to further the solution uf some of the
problems, and by pointing out the relations of oil
and gas occurrence to the geologic structure of the
regions examined they have rendered important
scientific as well as economic aid in oil and gas
development; but the- basic principles controlling
the widely varied modes of occurrence and accounting
for the differences in kinds of the oils in widely
separated regions are possibly still far from view.
On account of the more conservative and digni-

fled character of the official publications of the
Survey and the care taken to confine their substance
to matters of demonstrated fact, they do
not offer to the geologists the forum for free discussion
of scientific theories and problems that are
afforded by those periodicals and serial publications
of scientific societies which are especially devoted
to matters of strictly
PROFESSIONAL INTEREST
and which are more widely distributed among
scientists. For this reason many of the scientific
results of the Survey's operations are first published
in these journals. Examples of papers of
high rank contributed in this way are numerous.
Without implying relative merit among these, mention
as typical may be made of the paper by Mr.
Campbell. "Historical review of theories advanced
by American geologists to account for the origin
and accumulation of oil," published in Economic
Geology, vol. 6, No. 4, and that by Mr. Ulrich, entitled
"Revision of the Paleozoic systems," printed
in the Bulletin of the Ge-ological Society of America,
vol. 22, No. 3. Besides contributing to the programs
of other scientific societies in Washington,
the members of the Survey maintain for the discussion
of purely geologic topics three professional
societies, including the Geological Society of
Washington, before which Mr. Campbell's paper,
just cited, was presented as a presidential address.
Meetings of some one of these societies or of their
sections average two a week for the winter and by
far the greater number of the papers read are
offered by members of the Survey.
Closely connected with the scientific work of the
Survey is its educational function, which has not
on the whole received the attention that so importantly
useful a work deserves. The Survey
has, however, in co-operation with several state
suiveys. participated in the preparation of a number
of educational bulletins that have, in accordance
with the agreements, been submitted to the
respective states for publication. As distinctly
educational in their scope, though far from elementary,
should be named the valuable paper by
Mr. Willis, entitled "Index to the stratigraphy of
North America," published as a professional paper
in explanation of the new geologic map of the continent,
and the paper by Messrs. Tarr and Martin,
describing the earthquake phenomena in the region
of Yakutat Bay, Alaska.
A notable contribution to the study of physiography
was the Survey's Professional Paper 60,
"The interpretation of topographic maps," by R. D.
Salisbury and W. W. Atwood, consisting chiefly of
reprints of parts of the Survey's maps and of brief
suggestions as to the origin and history of the features
shown on them. For many years the topographic
maps made by the Survey have been regularly
used in the courses of
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
INSTRUCTION IN GEOGRAPHY
and physiography in most ot the universities
ancl colleges and to some extent in the secondary
schools. It is very gratifying to note that
the maps prepared in accordance with the present
high standard, and more fully adapted to such
use, are coming to the attention of teachers in the
graded and country schools. Teachers of schools
located in the quadrangles surveyed in recent years
find the corresponding topographic sheets a most
practical and invaluable aid to their efficiency ancl
success in teaching elementary geography.
Formal action was taken on May 1, 1912, giving
the land classification board the rank of an independent
branch within the Geological Survey.
This recognition of the increasing importance of
this phase of the work of the bureau is in line
with other developments in the present public land
policy, which has highest utilization as its purpose.
The present epoch in public land legislation
ancl administration may be said to date from
18S8, when Congress made special provision for
an irrigation survey and authorized the withdrawal
or reservation, pending further legislation,
of the reservoir sites and irrigable lands designated
as a result of special investigation by the
Geological Survey. This legislation was simply
the forerunner of the reclamation act of 1902,
which is most notable as providing a practical
means of insuring that the irrigable lands thus
classified shall be put to their highest use, through
a Federal agency, the Reclamation Service. In
a somewhat similar way the act of June 4, 1897,
marked the beginning of a national-forest policy
of administration on a scale that later necessitated
the organization of another technical corps,
the Forest Service. The legislation of 1897 is
interesting in this connection as providing specifically
for examination and survey of forest areas by
the United States Geological Survey for purposes
of land classification.
During the last decade, however, "classification
of the public lands," the first of the statutory
functions of the Geological Survey, has come to
take a large share of its activities. The field
data accumulated as the result of three decades
of geologic and topographic surveys, of stream
measurement, and of detailed investigation oi
every mineral resource now contribute to putting
into practice this business policy. In practice
land classification means simply the determination
of highest use. Tc
ENCOURAGE DEVELOPMENT
and at the same time to enforce wise utilization
by preventing partial or wasteful use is to protect
the public interest. With the different values
of the land made known by adequate examination,
the highest use can be determined and, in so far

50
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
as the statutes are in accord with economic law,
the highest use cen be assumed.
The scientific classification of the Nation's lands
is now an integral part of the public land administration.
The field work of the geologist and ths
engineer is made to contribute to a business policy
in the management of the Nation's real estate
along three distinct lines. Quantitative knowledge
of the land ancl its resources is now made a
preliminary, first, to disposition of lands under the
various settlement and development laws; second.
o reservation of lands from present acquisition
pending the enactment of adequate legislation;
and third, to valuation of lands where the statute
provides for disposition at prices expressing
known value. For each of these phases a statement
of the past year's work will best serve the
purpose of illustration.
The determination of the character ancl the highest
use of land for the purpose of disposing of it
under the appropriate law includes its classification
as mineral or non-mineral ancl as irrigable oi
non-irrigable. Upon the questions of fact as to
mineral character depends the passage of title
from the Government under the agricultural or
mineral laws and the applicability of certain railroad
non-mineral land grants. The total area
classified for these purposes in the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1912. was one and a half million
acres. The questions involving water supply on
the public lands bear directly upon the administration
of the statutes encouraging irrigation and
dry farming, namely, the Carey Act and the desertland
and enlarged-homestead laws, as well as various
right-of-way statutes. Upon the determination
by field engineers of the
QUANTITY OF WATER
actually available for reclaiming the arid lands
must wait the development of the remnant of agricultural
lands in the public domain. Hydrographic
classification of lands to serve this practical
end aggregated last year more than 2,000.000
acres.
The second phase of activity in land classification
is one that provides for future rather than
present disposition of the public domain. The
withdrawal act of June 25, 1910, looks forward to
better utilization in the future and opens up the
question of amendment of present laws by specific
provision for reservation from immediate disposal
of oil and gas and phosphate lands and of power
and reservoir sites. Under the authority of the
statute the Geological Survey during the fiscal
vear 1912 recommended the executive withdrawal
of more than one and one-third million acres of
oil reserves and almost one and one-fifth million
acres of phosphate reserves, based on geologic
data; of more than one-third million acres of
water-power sites and 60,000 acres of irrigationreservoir
sites, based on hydrographic and topographic
surveys; and of 86,000 acres of publicwater
reserves essential to the control of public
grazing lands. The areas of the outstanding withdrawals
are approximately four and three-fourths
million acres of public lands chiefly valuable for
oil and gas, three ancl one-third million acres of
phosphate lands, more than one and four-fifths
million acres of lands essential to water-power development,
nearly one hundred thousand acres
primarily valuable for irrigation stoiage, and S6,-
000 acres of lands including springs or other watering
places, unrestricted access to wdiich, by the
public, is essential in connection with the free use
of the public range. The areas thus described as
withdrawn, however, include tracts of privately
owned land, which are in reality unaffected by the
orders of withdrawal, although located in the
larger legal sub-divisions enumerated in those
orders.
The third and most direct application of science
to national stewardship is the valuation of the
public coal lands. The
COAL-LAND LAW OF 1873
is essentially a sales rather than a settlement law
and provides for a minimum selling price. Since
1907 coal lands have been sold at appraised prices
fixed by the Geological Survey on the basis of geologic
field examination and chemical and physical
analyses, valuation data of the latter kind being
obtained from the Bureau of Mines, which is
charged by its organic law with the analyzing and
testing of coals and lignites.
Although the appropi iations made directly for
the Geological Survey showed an increase of only
$30,4SO over those of 1911, there was a notable increase
in the amount of work done by the field
service. The funds available through co-operation
with other Federal bureaus and with the
states amounted in 1912 to 27 per cent, of the
direct appropriations and showed an increase over
co-operative funds of the preceding year of 42 pet
cent. This increase in the field work invloved a
large increase in the work of the Washington
office, to wdiich was added the greatly increased
service rendered the Secretary's Office, the General
Land Office, and the Office of Indian Affairs
in connection with public-land administration.
The work done by the Survey finds public expression
chiefly through its printed reports and
maps, which are published in editions adapted to
meet the demand. During the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1912, the number of reports printed (437,-
501) corresponded very closely to the number distributed
(437,637). The reports are sent out only
on application.

The imports of coal and coke into the United
States for October were 627 tons of anthracite,
152,257 tons of bituminous coal and 16,853 tons of
coke, valued at $489,407. For the ten months
ending with October the imports were 1,657 tons
of anthracite, 1,337,891 tons of bituminous and 86,-
425 tons of coke, valued at $4,146,277. The exports
from the United States for October were
432,060 tons of anthracite, 1,412,483 tons of bituminous
and 61,322 tons of coke, valued at $6,111,-
118. For ten months ending with October the exports
were 3,033,691 tons of anthracite, 12,395,776
tons of bituminous and 679,772 tons of coke, valued
at $49,706,100. These figures do not include
lumber or fuel coal laden on vessels in the foreign
trade, which aggregated 655,561 tons in October,
valued at $2,017,636, and 6,151,280 tons in ten
months, valued at $19,713,585.
Special Examiner John S. Burchmore, of the
Interstate Commerce Commission, has notified
President Charles F. Hood, of the Indian Creek
Valley Railroad Co., that the hearing of the complaint
of John I. Rogers and John I. Pinkney, Indian
Creek Valley coal operators, against the Balcent.
This increase in the field work involved a
roads, in view of procuring competitive freight
rates, will be held in January.
The Union Pacific coaling station at Rock
River, Wyo., has been totally destroyed by fire,
though covered at the time with heavy snow
and ice. It has been burned several times before,
and had been recently reconstructed into
one of the most complete on any railway system
of its kind. As the company's locomotives
coaled there, great inconvenience will be caused
until the chutes can be rebuilt.
The full-rigged ship William P. Frye has been
chartered to load coal at Baltimore for either Mare
Island or Tiburon, Cal. The vessel will be loaded
Coal Co. for government account. The Bakerconcrete,
Holmen coalin stations, electrically
Whiteley Coal Co.'s tug Britannia will take the ship
The demurrer of the Georges Creek Coal & Iron
Co. to the bill of complaint oi nephews of the late
George Peabody, the philanthropist, to recover 200
shares of the company's stock, valued at $70,000,
which they alleged belonged to his estate, was sustained
Dec. 17 by Judge Stump at Baltimore.
The report of the American Railway Association
dated Dec. 9 shows total number cf idle cars as
26,135 on Nov. 30, an increase of 3,772 compared
with report of Nov. 21. The total shortage Nov.
30 was 62,536 compared with 73,475 on Nov. 21.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
The Cambridge Collieries Co. has purchased the
interest of the Belle Valley Coal Mining Co., in
the Caldwell and Lauia mines, near Caldwell, O.
The Caldwell and Laura mines when running to
capacity produce about 3,000 tons daily. With
this purchase the Cambridge Collieries Co. now
owns ancl operates 12 mines, with a total output
of about 15,000 tons daily.
The Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory will
ask for bids on July 1, 1913, for furnishing the
reformatory with bituminous and anthracite coal
for a period of one year from July 15, 1913. Information
concerning the bids can be had by applying
to Gtn. Supt. T. B. Patton, Huntingdon, Pa.
A new breaker, modern in every respect and constructed
of steel, has been erected to take the place
ot the East Boston breaker at Luzerne, Pa., which
was destroyed by fire some months ago. Operations
were resumed Dec. 16, giving employment to
over 500 men and boys.
The Norfolk & Western railroad is experimenting
with a 100-ton steel coal car. It is about the
same height as the 50-ton car, but is longer and is
supported by two six-wheel trucks. The car is
now in service and if it comes up to expectations,
•noie wili be built.
The Goodman Manufacturing Co., Chicago, 111.,
has offered a handsome silver cup to the winning
team in the Kentucky state first aid contest to be
held in Lexington, Ky., next May. In addition
to this cup other prizes will be offered.
The Illinois Railway and Warehouse Commission
has issued an order directing the C, M. & St.
P. road not to put into effect its new and advanced
Chicago coai switching charges Dec. 15, as the
road previously announced it would.
The Moser Mining Co., operating the Keystone
coal mines at Henderson, Ky., made an assignment
recently for the benefit of its creditors. The
assets and liabilities are about $2,500 each.
A contract has been made whereby the Whyel
Coal & Coke Co. have agreed to take the entire
1913 output of the Echard plant at Star Junction,
Pa., at $3.00 per ton.
The Commercial Trust Co., of Philadelphia, has
called for proposals for sale to the trustee of bonds
of the Commercial Coal Mining Co., not to exceed
$5,050.13.
Coal exports from New South Wales during the
first nine months of the present year show an increase
of 25 per cent, over 1911.
The stockholders of the Huddleston Coal Co.,
War, W. Va., have voted to dissolve the company.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
I EXPLOSIONS AND EXPLOSIBILITY OF COAL DUST
\ By John Sutton, Secretary of Indiana Mining Institute
The purpose of this paper is to discuss some
of the great problems that confront us in the coal
mining industry. The- effect of an explosion with
its cost of life and destruction of property is wel 1
known. To my mind there are just two general
classes of explosions, and I will first speak of the
gas explosion. First, as to its causes and its
effect: There are two kinds of gas explosions
liable to happen in mines—explosions from firedamp,
and carbon monoxide explosions. The latter
is the result of a coal dust explosion, or of incomplete
combustion, and is therefore less regarded
under ordinary conditions, although if conditions
and circumstances exist, it has to be well
guarded against, and the utmost care and precaution
has to be used to avoid a white damp explosion.
A firedamp explosion is the result of a mixture
of marsh gas and air. Marsh gas, which is a common
gas in most coal mines, is a product of the
decomposition of vegetable matter away from air
ancl in the presence of water. Under ordinary
conditions, when one part ot gas and 5% parts of
air is mixed the combination is at its lowest limits.
With the increasing proportion of air, the explosive
violence grows steadily greater; it reaches
a maximum when the mixture is 7% parts of air
and one part of gas. By still increasing the air
the explosive violence steadily decreases until the
mixture is 16 parts of air and 10 of gas, when it
loses its explosive quality altogether.
Firedamp is a gas dangerous in its effect, but
still not so deadly in its effect as exploding bituminous
coal dust. Firedamp carries its own flag
of warning; the blue cap in the safety lamp indicates
its presence and quantity. Firedamp is of
local occurrence, and save in very exceptional
cases is controllable by a well manipulated ventilating
current of air. A body of firedamp that
is below or above the explosive limit may become
explosive by increasing the pressure. This may
often occur in proximity to a shot wdien the air
of the workings would otherwise be safe. An
explosion of firedamp in the absence of any explosive
coal dust is less destructive in its effect ancl
almost local or harmless; it
VERY RARELY HAPPENS
that an explosive mixture of marsh gas and air
extends through large areas of the mine.
It is the belief of a good many mining men that
barometric changes have a strong influence upon
the outflow of gas and at different times it has
been held responsible for gas explosions. In my
opinion there is little proof ot it; I rather believe
that seismic disturbance, earthquakes, volcanic
eruption ancl moving strata have some influence
on the outflow of gas. A body of firedamp may be
ignited by a naked light, by a defective safety
lamp, or by a blast that thiows off a big flame.
Since we know the danger of firedamp explosion,
measures for its prevention ought to be taken accordingly.
To render firedamp inexplosive a sufficient
and well manipulated current of air is absolutely
necessary.
In any mine where as much as 2 per cent, of
firedamp is given off safety lamps of some kind
should be in use. These lamps should be provided
wdth good locks to prevent their being
opened by the miner. These lamps have to be
kept in good working order, and handled with
care; to be cleaned and filled by some specified
man, and, if necessary, a station for relighting
the lamps should be installed in the mine. The
greatest precaution has to be exercised not to ignite
any body of gas. Shooting from the solid
ought to be prohibited and only permissible explosives
should be used. Every working face should
be kept moist enough to render explosive coal dust
non-fiamable.
With the beginning of winter and cold weather,
we have to consider another element responsible
for explosions in bituminous mines. This is dry
coal dust. Up to a comparatively few years ago
dry coal dust was believed by a good many mining
men not to be dangerous, or responsible for
explosions in bituminous mines, but it has been
proven highly explosive
THROUGH YEARS OF STUDY,
practical experiment ancl demonstration. We
know that the air in winter, having a low temperature,
has very little capacity to carry moisture.
The cold air will enter the mine, and, traveling
along the airway, will become warmer from
the heat in the mine, and by this process acquire
more capacity to take up moisture or water vapor.
The moisture in the walls of the passageways and
in the dust lying along them is vaporized and carried
away by the air currents, leaving the mine dry.
During the summer months it is the reverse. Some
coal dust is more or less inflammable, also more or
less explosive than others, but there is no bituminous
coal dust without risk.
In this state and in other western states the
mines are less troubled with firedamp, and some
have none at all, but still have some serious explosions.
This gives us evidence that coal dust
was an element, when not the initial cause, of the
explosion. Therefore the danger of explosions in

a mine in which gas exists even in very small
quantities, is greatly increased by the presence of
coal dust. A gas explosion in a fiery mine may
be intensified ancl carried on indefinitely by coal
dust raised by the explosion itself. Coal dust
alone, without the presence of any gas at all, will
cause a dangerous explosion if ignited by a blownout
shot or laige amount of flame. Dry coal dust
along the passageways or entries of a mine is a
great menace. While in this country the great
majority of dust explosions have originated at the
lace from blown-out or over-charged shots, the
propagation has been through dusty entries. If
the entries were free from dry coal dust, the explosion
would be local. The problem is not alone
to treat the dust lying on the- floor, but the fine
floating dust that lodges on walls, roof ancl timbers
is a clanger.
The practice of sprinkling the roadway just
along the track is not sufficient. It appears to
be safe and yet it is dangerous. To render coal
dust non-flammable it has to be
CLAMMY OR STICKY.
The explosibility of coal dust depends on its nature
and its composition of combustible gases. The
belief has prevailed among mining men that because
a dust explosion usually occurs in the intake
entries, the explosion feeds on fresh air, or advances
against the air cm rent. When it is consideied
that the oxygen contents of the return air
of tlie average mine in this country rarely show a
decrease of more than one-half of oxygen from the
normal, and that the combustion of coal dust
would not be seriously affected unless the deficiency
far exceeded this amount, it is clear that
there can be little real basis for this impression.
The fact that a coal dust explosion does usually
seek the intake entries is due to another cause.
The fresh cold air of the winter months had dried
the coal dust in the intake entries, but in the return
airways of mines ot any size the air current,
being saturated with water vapor, has not
dried out the coal dust so much.
Another point is tc be considered. If we could
measure the exact speed and pressure of explosions
and if we take the experiments from different
instances they have recorded a speed of from
1,400 to 2,800 feet to the second and a pressure ot
200 to 220 pounds per square inch. We may takethis
as proof, for we do know that the pressure
and speed of an explosion is enormous; the pressure
created by a fan, and the speed of an aircurrent
are not in any way to be compared with it.
In my opinion there is no question that dry bituminous
coal dust will explode under certain conditions.
Therefore the question left open is: What
are the best measures to prevent coal dust from
exploding? Can it be done by leading exhaust
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
steam into the intake, by installing water sprays,
or shall we use hose and nozzle, or keep the old
system sprinkling with the water box?
In my opinion as long as the system prevails ot
shooting the eoal from the solid, and using an excess
of black powder, we will
HAVE BLOW-OUT SHOTS.
It. is proven, and we know, that tamping the shots
with dry coal dust or fine coal is a dangerous act,
because it has a tendency to lengthen the flame
given off from black powder, and cause the ignition
of the coal dust. Therefore the mining laws
for this state in this matter ought to be rigidly
enforced. Through the use of fuse, miners are
getting careless in tamping up their shots solidly,
and shot firers ought to be strictly required to
condemn every shot not properly tamped or not in
proper shape.
What is a blown-out shot? I may say it is a
blast whose energy i.' expended upon the air instead
of against the coal. It throws out a big
flame under high pressure and at high temperature.
The causes are a good many. As to the
cause of a blown-out shot, a hole may be drilled
too deep, so that, the charge conies away beyond
the loose end or cutting. A shot may grip too
much, which means that the hole is drilled at too
much of an angle. The tamping may be not sufficient,
or may be of an inflammable nature, and
so become a dangerous factor in lengthening out
the flame of the blast and igniting the gases distilled
from the blast. Or the coal may be of a
seamy nature ancl the shot seam out. Or by using
a too fine-firained powder, the powder is too quick
for the nature of the- coal and will result in blowing
out the tamping. As I have observed at different
times, blown-out shots pointing with the
open end of the hole toward the bottom are the
most dangerous.
To enter a mine after an explosion, the greatest
precaution has to be taken, first, not to endanger
the rescue party itself, and second, to adopt the
quickest possible way to rescue those imprisoned
in the mine. First of all, the ventilation has to
be restored. If the fan or fan house is wrecked
it has to be repaired in the quickest possible way.
Enter the mine with the intake of air and repair
the air course enough to restore ventilation. A
safety lamp ought to be used in advance, work to
guard against afterdamp explosions. Where rescue
apparatus is used the
DIFFICULTIES FOR RESCUE
work are more quickly overcome, as I have observed
many times. Tn igniting a small body of
firedamp the biggest proportion of afterdamp is
carbon dioxide, and I believe the same result will
be found in a pure firedamp explosion.
Again in a coal dust explosion the biggest pre-

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
caution of firedamp will be carbon monoxide on
account of incomplete combustion. The destruction
by a coal dust explosion is less manifest in
its place ol origin, unless the igniting cause of
the explosions was firedamp, or the discharge of a
large quantity of explosive. A dust explosion
grows more and more in violence as it travels, and
as far as the dry inflammable dust extends, until
the entrance of the mine is reached, unless there
are retarding influences like long, wet areas or
areas containing an excess of shale or rock dust.
There is no question in my mind as to the causes
of explosion, and the danger of it is very well understood
by most mining men of to-day. I believe
the day is nearly past when men in charge of
mines can shoulder off their responsibility and
confine themselves to "causes unknown."
I am glad to know that some of the mining men
in this district took steps and organized the Mining
Institute of Indiana for tne purpose of educating
the mining public, and to prevent or reduce
those casualties, and I believe we owe credit to
the management of the Vandalia Coal Co. lor being
one of the first coal companies to my knowdedge in
this distiict, perhaps in this state, to organize
first aid teams at their mines and demonstrate
their ability to the public at Linton. I hope the
Mining Institute of Indiana will get full publicity,
and the support of all mining men for the
purposes for which it is intended.
NEW PUBLICATIONS BUREAU OF MINES.
(List 15.—December, 1912.)
BULLETIN.
Bulletin 49. City smoke ordinances and smoke
abatement, by S. B. Flagg. 1912. 55 pp.
TECHNICAL PAPERS.
Technical Paper 27. Monthly statement of coalmine
accidents in the United States, January to
August, 1912, including statistics for 1S10 and 1911,
compiled by F. W. Horton. 1912. 24 pp.
Technical Paper 29. Training with mine-rescue
breathing apparatus, by J. W. Paul. 1912. 16 pp.
MINERS' CIRCULARS.
Miners' Circular 9. Accidents from falls of roof
and coal, by G. S. Rice. 1912. 16 pp.
Miners' Circular 10. Mine fires and how to fight
them, by J. W. Paul. 1912. 14 pp.
The Bureau of Mines has copies of these publications
for free distribution, but cannot give more
than one copy of the same bulletin to one person.
Requests for all papers cannot be granted without
satisfactory reason. In asking for publications
please order them by number and title. Applications
should be addressed to the Director of the
Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS (
The Harry Whyel Coke Co. has purchased coal
in Sewickley township, Westmoreland county, Pa.,
just adjoining the property which the company
purchased several years ago. Three tracts of
coal were bought, one from Harry S. Mathias, for
$12,000; one from Elvira Mathias, for $8,000, and
another from the same person for $15,000. The
new tracts include something over 100 acres.
W. F. Patterson, of Waynesburg, Pa., has sold
800 acres of the Pittsburgh or River vein of coal
in Greene county. Pa., to L. F. Ruth and E. K.
Dick, of Connellsville, Pa. Mr. Patterson took
in part payment property in Connellsville valued
at $250,000.
L. S. Mellinger, of Dawson, Pa., and J. H. Prinkey,
Charles Newell and J. S. Bryner, have sold
to Eastern investors, 35,000 acres of coal in the
Indian Creek Valley, Fayette, county, Pa., for $35
per acre.
Samuel Stern, of Uniontown, Pa., has purchased
107 acres of coal in Cumberland township, Greene
county, Pa., from John Horner and A. S. Neil, for
$500 an acre, or a total cost of $53,500.
W. Harry Brown, of Connellsville, Pa., has purchased
1,344 acres of coal in Greene county, Pa.,
from J. V. Thompson and others at a price said to
exceed $800 per acre.
Jesse A. Stauffer of Scottdale, Pa., has sold to
J. R. Byrne, of the same place, a tract of coal
in Sewickley township, Westmoreland county, Pa.,
for $62,000.
F. W. Patterson, of Waynesburg, Pa., has sold
to S. F. Ruth, of Connellsville, 800 acres of coal
in Greene county, Pa., for $300,000.
John Sapper has sold to the Fayette Coke Co.,
New Salem, Pa., 110 acres of coal for $137,000.
W. M. Wells, owner of the International Coal &
Brick Co., has sold to a company owned by Dr.
J. P. Sparks, of Cameron, Tex.; J. F. Cobb and
f. E. Kratchar, of Caldwell, Tex, his company's
property consisting of 400 acres of coal lands and
two mines known as the Big Square and the International,
both in operation and lying two and onehalf
miles east of Rockdale, Tex. The consideration
was $100,000.
Miners of the Hisylvania Coal Co. in the Hocking
district of Ohio have gone on strike in order
to test the Green law whether a coal company can
compel miners to guard against accident and adopt
and enforce rules to prevent negligence.

The Coal Industry In The United States During 1912.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 25)
agreement was being negotiated the anthracite
branch of the trade had a uniformly good year.
Production kept up steadily after the mines reopened
and one of the months broke the monthly
record for production. Because of the increased
cost of coal to operators an
ADVANCE IN THE PRICE
of coal was announced early in the year and was
maintained throughout the remainder of the twelve
month. One of the things that followed the settlement
of the wage scale which has bothered the
trade is the numerous petty strikes that have
afflicted the mines. These are the natural result
of a new wage scale and are brought about by
misunderstandings ancl misapprehension of the
terms of the scale.
The bituminous trade had a good year in more
ways than one. Beside a phenomenal tonnage,
and the extremely intense demand, the year was
marked by the highest price paid for mining in
the history of the industry, $1 per ton. It also
was marked by the first really upward trend of
prices for a number of years, a fact that makes
the opening of the present year particularly pleasing
to the trade. The question of prices was an
absorbing one throughout much of the year. In
the early months the possibilities of the wage
conference outcome kept up the demand and, of
course, affected prices. Then when the question
was settled, the wage increase figured in the selling
price of coal. Later the wonderful industrial
activity caught consumers short on fuel and the
result was a frantic bidding up of prices by consumers
to secure quick deliveries of coal, and, in
consequence, a harvest for the coal man who was
not absolutely tied up with contracts that absorbed
his whole output. There could be but one
outcome from this condition and that was an increase
for contract coal for 1913. The announcement
of this increase came during the late fall and
the opening of the year sees it in full effect.
New developments were notable during the year,
particularly in the Eastern and Southern fields
where new operations with large capacities have
reached or are about to reach a shipping stage.
An important phase of the trade during the year
was the increase in exports, the increase being to
countries that hitherto depended largely on British
coal for their supplies. The nation-wide strike
of the British miners which completely tied up
the mines of that country gave American coal an
opportunity and producers were not slow fo take
advantage of this. The year closes, therefore,
with American coal firmly established in new markets,
with continued inquiries for additional ton­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
nage. Newspaper dispatches at the close of the
year tell of the concern shown by
ENGLISH COAL MEN
over the invasion of markets they hitherto have
considered their own.
Manufacturers of coke during 1912 w-itnessed
their business go from almost the lowest point it
has seen in years to approximately the pinnacle
of output and prices. Tonnage figures for the
opening week of the year were the lowest for any
week in the twelve-months save one week in July,
when, because of stress of storm and flood, production
dropped close to the 300,000-ton mark.
Other weeks witnessed a steadily maintained output
that clung close to the 400,000-ton mark during
the closing quarter of the year.
The formation of a selling agency during the
latter half of the year had a steadying effect on
prices and was one of the factors, coupled with
insistent demand, that contributed to the advance
in prices that culminated in the latter months of
the year in consumers bidding over $4.00 per ton
for any coke they could obtain, regardless of its
analysis or quality. Prices at the close of the
year had settled down somewhat but they are yet
far above the level of what obtained at the opening
of the year. Manufacturers of coke, therefore,
feel like marking down 1912 as one of their
good years.
The lake trade throughout the year was not as
satisfactory as those engaged in this branch of the
industry would have liked. As in 1911 the shipping
season opened late. Then when it did open
there was a lack of tonnage that continued throughout
the season. This was particularly true of
anthracite and the season closed with distributing
points having far less coal on hand then in former
years. The bituminous trade by strenuous
efforts kept up shipments better than the anthracite,
but the season closed with upper lake docks
having coal on hand in smaller quantities than is
desirable.
Two of the bug-a-boos that have caught the industry
in their grip so often continued to make
themselves felt throughout at least a portion of the
year. These were the car shortage and the scarcity
of labor. The former did not put in its apperance
to any great extent until mid-August,
although the middle of March saw a small shortage.
From mid-August until the
END OF THP YEAR
the shortage was acute, so much so, in fact, that
state railroad commissions, state courts and the
Interstate Commerce Commission were appealed
to for relief and all put forth efforts to bring about
a settlement of supply. The year ends with the
shortage still in effect, but showing some signs
of a decreased hindrance.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The labor question was an important one practically
all year aside from that portion of the
year when wage negotiations were on. This
scarcity of labor was not confined alone to the coal
industry, but all industries suffered in the same
way. The near-eastern war during the last quarter
of the year didn't help matters, either, tor the
fighting lines called large numbers of laborers to
the home lands, and there has been little if any
return of these men, as yet.
The labor end of the industry cannot be passed
over without a review of the long drawn out and
fiercely contested strike in West Virginia. Starting
in the Kanawha field in April, it had a more
or less troublesome history until August, when
Governor Glasscock declared martial law in the
field and threw the entire military stlength of
the state into the zone. At the same time he
named a commission to investigate the situation
and report their findings. Things quieted down,
the troops were withdrawn and the civil authorities
again took charge of affairs, only to have the
fighting break out again, necessitating the second
martial law proclamation in November. This
continued until mid-December when the troops
again were withdrawn. In the meantime the commission
had completed its work, and made a report
censuring operators and miners—the latter
more Beverly—and incorporating in the report a
bill to be presented to the legislature to prevent
further happenings of the kind. The action of
Governor Glasscock was questioned in the courts,
but his attitude was sustained by the highest tribunal.
Freight rates were attacked in many instances
and the Interstate Commeice Commission made
numerous decisions in this regard, the most notable
of which was in a case that was a legacy
from 1911, the Pittsburgh-Lake rates. Final argument
was made in March and in April the decision
was made ordering a
DECREASE IN RATES
from the Pittsburgh district to lower lake ports on
coal intended for shipment to upper lake ports.
Another notable case during the year was that of
the Connellsville coke manufacturer, which is
pending as the year closes.
Safety of mines and mineis and prevention of
disasters, along with first aid training took a
prominent place among the things interesting the
industry. Everywhere in the coal fields first aid
meets, experimentation and demonstration took
place. The Federal Bureau of Mines had a prominent
part in this, and, at the experimental mine at
Bruceton, Pa., conducted explosions to demonstrate
the best methods of preventing them and of
lessening their effect if they should occur. The
international safety and first aid meeting held at
Pittsburgh during September was, perhaps, the
most important along this line, and took an advanced
stand for safety of mines.
The question of government coal lands, which
has been a vexed one, took on a new aspect toward
the latter part of the year when it was announced
the department of the interior would lease coal to
companies for operation, but that the bureau of
mines would supervise conditions tinder which the
coal would be recovered.
The year marked the demise of two men prominent
in the industry, Hon. George F. Huff and
Mr. W. A. Lathrop, and the passing from public
office one of the best mining officials in the country,
Hon. George Harrison, chief mine inspector
of Ohio, who was superseded, through the operation
of Ohio politics and law.
It is doubtful if any year during the last decade
has been of equal import with 1912, in a legal
sense. The freight rate question already has been
mentioned. Late in the year the highest courts
of one coal producing state handed down a decision
that railroads must furnish cars in the number
asked for if capacity equaled the requisition
made. Then as a climax to court decisions, during
the last month, the United States Supreme
court declared the anthracite coal roads were not
a trust within the meaning of the Sherman law,
but that the so-called "65 per cent." contracts were
illegal.
Pennsylvania, the chief coal mining state in the
Union, took the lead in the matter of proposed
laws that will affect the trade. At the opening
of the year Gov. John K. Tener appointed a commission
to revise the anthracite mining code, and
as the year closes that body is struggling with its
final report, which is expected to go to the legislature
during the present month. In February
the same official named the commission to draft a
new workman's compensation law, and its report
is now in his hands, awaiting the convening of the
legislature.
The year was one notably free from big disasters
involving loss of life, the most serious in
this line being the explosion at Jed, W. Va., where
SO men lost their lives.
The Island Creek Coal Co. has declared the regular
quarterly dividend of $1.50 on its preferred
stock, payable January 1 to stock of record December
21. On the common 50 cents was declared
payable February 1 to stock of record January 25.
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Knickerbocker Smokeless Coal Co., will be held
in the offices in the First National Bank building,
Blairsville, Pa., Jan. 14, 1913, for the purpose of
electing directors and the transaction of any other
business that may come before the meeting.

PROPOSED MEASURE TO BETTER CAR
SERVICE AT MINES IN MISSOURI.
The following is a bill proposed to be introduced
into the Missouri legislature to better the car
supply at mines in the state.
An act to amend Section 3108, Rev. Stat, of Missouri
of 1909, by striking from said section
the words "coal or coke" in sixth line thereof:
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of State
of Missouri as follows:
That Section 3108, R. S. of Missouri of 1909, be,
and the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the words "coal or coke" in the sixth line of said
section, so that said section when amended shall
read as follows:
Section 3108—Freight Cars to be Furnished on
Notice; Penalty—It shall be the duty of every railroad
company operating a line of railroad, wholly
or in part within this state, for the transportation
of freight, upon the written application of any
shipper to its station agent in charge of transportation
of freight, for a car or cars to be loaded
with freight, other than live stock, stating the
character of the freight and its final destination,
to furnish said car or cars within four days from
seven o'clock a. m. of the date following such application.
Or when said application specifies a future
day, when car or cars are required, giving not
less than four days' notice thereof, computing from
seven o'clock a. m. of the day following such application,
it shall be the duty of said company to furnish
said car or cars on the day specified in said
application. For failure to comply with this section
said company shall forfeit and pay to the shipper
applying for said car or cars the sum of one
dollar per car per day or a fraction of a day's delay,
after free time, Sundays and holidays excepted.
together with all actual damages said applicant
may sustain thereby.
(Laws 1905, p. 109; Amended Laws 1907, p. 176;
Laws 1909, p. 354).
Section 3109, which follows, provides for penalty:
Section 3109.—Freight to Be Received and Forwarded,
How.—When such freight in carloads or
less is tendered to said station agent and correct
shipping instructions given, it shall be the duty
of said company to immediately receive the same
for shipment, ancl issue bills of lading therefor,
and when such shipments have been so received
they must be carried forward at the rate of not less
than sixty miles per day of twenty-four hours,
computing from seven o'clock a. m. of the day following
receipt of the same, and for failure to receive
and transport such shipments within the
time herein prescribed, said company shall forfeit
and pay to the consignee the sum of one dollar per
car per day or fraction thereof on all carload
freight, together with all actual damages, the con­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
signor or consignee may sustain thereby; provided,
that in computing the time of freight in
transit, there shall be allowed twenty-four hours
at each point where transferring from one railroad
to another is involved; provided, Sundays and holidays
are not to be computed in figuring' this time.
(Laws 1905, p. 109).
5 CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
The Pennsylvania Railroad Co. has begun work
on the extension of the Yukon branch from its
western terminus at Bell's Mills, Pa., to Cowansburg,
Pa. The railroad will follow the big Sewdekley
creek and about seven miles of new roadway
will be built The coal along this new line
is nearly all the property of the Manor Realty Co.,
of Philadelphia, and will be developed in due time.
John R. Byrne and brother of Scottdale. Pa., wil
open a mine and build 60 coke ovens on a tract of
coal they have secured in Sewickley township,
Westmoreland county, Pa.
H. L. Greiner, of Zanesville, O., who recently
purchased 75 acres of coal from the Wallwork estate,
will begin developing tbe coal at once.
Mr. C. E. Scott, of the fuel testing department
of the Consolidation Coal Co., with headquarters
at Fairmont, W. Va., died recently. Mr. Scott was
well known to the coal and manufacturing companies
throughout the vast area in which his company
does business. He was a comparatively
young man, and regarded as one of the ablest fuel
engineers of the present day. His untimely death
is very much regretted by a large circle of acquaintances.
Mr. Martin McLaughlin, state inspector of anthracite
mines of Pennsylvania, is dead at his home in
Shamokin. He was one of the best known mining
men in that section of the state and was a prominent
factor in Democratic politics.
Mr. George Hardy, aged 61, a coal operator, is
dead at his home at Evansville, Inch, after a sickness
of two days. He is survived by a widow and
four daughters.
KoKoal enthusiasm is thriving among the coal
trade at New Orleans, La., and it is expected that
a large koruskation will be held there during the
present month and a KoKoal breaker formally organized.
Endless rope haulage has been installed in the
Elizabeth mine of the United Coal Co.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS •
Mr. Howard Elliott, president of the Northern
Pacific railroad, has consented to make the principal
address at the Minneapolis breaker, of Ko­
The election of additional directors of the New- Koal, to be held at the Commercial Club, the even­
York & Kentucky Co. makes the directory consist ing of Dec. 28. Mr. Elliott will discuss "The Re­
of 21 members. The new directors are: Philip lations of the Railroads to the Coal Trade."
D. Tracey, of Albany; George H. Clune, treasurer
of the Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co.;
Harry Yates, of Euffalo; Thomas J. Swanton, New
York; Jacob Gerling, George C. Goi don, C. F. Riordan.
of Boston, and Herman A. Curiel. William
F. Balgam was elected chairman of the board, resigning
as vice president, ancl Harry Yates was
The November output of the Nova Scotia Steel &
Coal Co. established a new record. The figures
for the month are as follows: Coal mined, 76,874
tons; ore mined, 58,752 tons; pig iron made, 7,000
tons; steel ingots made, 7,400 tons; finished steel
shipments, 5,850 tons.
elected to fill the vacancy. The following compose A vein of coal five feet in thickness has been
the executive committee: William F. Balkam, discovered at Bernice under the old Bernice vein,
Walter J. Duffy, Benjamin E. Chase, George H. which has been mined out. The Connell Anthra­
Clune, George L. Eaton, Louis Griesheimer, Henry cite Coal Co. has sunk two drill holes, and at a
M. Naylon, Frank S. Upton, Harry Yates.
depth of eight feet found five feet of good coal
A reconsignment charge at Detroit, of $2 a car Ohio coal operators held a meeting at Cleveland.
Dec. 24, and adopted plans co fight proposed
changes in Ohio mine laws to be introduced in the
legislature this year. The mine-run pay bill is
particularly obnoxious to the operators.
on shipments of coal was held by the Interstate
Commerce Commission on Dec. 20 to be unreasonable
"unless the consignees are advised of the arrival
of the cars at Toledo, O, on the tracks of the
carriers making delivery at Detroit so that the
consignees may have opportunity to give their reconsigning
orders before the cars reach the latter
point."
Harry Smith and Henry M. Tidwell, of Muskogee,
and Lloyd B. Locke, of McAlester, have been
named by Secretary Fisher, of the Department of
the Interior, as appraisers for the surface of the
segregated coal and asphalt lands of the Choctaw
and Chickasaw nations, succeeding Messrs. Bowles,
McGowan and Edginton, who resigned under fire.
"City Smoke Ordinances and Smoke Abatement"
is the title of Bulletin No. 49, just issued by the
United States Bureau of Mines. Samuel B. Flagg
is the author. It contains information on th's
subject from 28 of the larger cities of the country
and the text of six of the mcst stringent ordinances.
The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Contractor! for DIAMOND DRILLING. OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
Ten big mine fans have been ordered by the
Pond Creek Coal & Coke Co. for its new group of
mines at Williamson and Holden, W. Va. The
fans will have a capacity of 200,000 cubic feet per
minute and each one is a carload.
At the annual meeting of the Indiana Mining
Institute, held at Terre Haute, lnd., these officers
were elected: President, Wellington O'Connor;
vice president. John Henretta; secretary. John
Sutton, and treasurer, James Burt.
The discovery of a coal vein of excellent anthracite
at Pocono Summit, Pa., has been reported by
Isaac Miller, proprietor of a Pocono Summit hotel.
He found the deposit on his property.
The Nevada Coal & Fuel Co., owning coal mines
near Coaldale, in Esmeralda county, Nev., is to
make regular shipments of coal from the only coal
mines yet discovered in Nevada.
Mr. J. E. Pettit, state coal mine inspector of
Utah, on a recent visit to Emery county, Utah,
closed up two small coal mining properties because
they are on unsurveyed lands.
The Indiana railroad commission has established
a new rate on coal from the Brazil, Linton and
Clinton fields to La.fayette. It will be 65 cents a
ton beginning January 25.
A steel tug of 107 tons gross register is being
built in England for the Vera Cruz Coal Co. of
Vera Cruz, Mexico. This tug will be named
"Berwind."

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
PEALE, PEACOCK fl KERR
OF NEW YORK
"VICTOR"
Bituminous Coal
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The new executive and operating officials of the
Chesapeake & Ohio Coal & Coke Co., are: Franklin
Guiterman, president and chairman of the Board,
New York; S. R. Ritchie, assistant to the president
and chairman, New York; Judd Stewart, treasurer.
New York; L. E. Arnott, assistant treasurer, Norfolk,
Va.; 0. W. Gardner, sales manager, Norfolk,
Va.; John W. Moore, assistant manager, First National
Bank building, Cincinnati, Ohio.
FOR SALE
One Complete 3-Track R. R. Tipple Equipment
in first-class condition.
One Complete River Tipple Equipment. Will
sell at a great bargain.
PITTSBURGH MINING CO.,
1—15—13. Pomeroy, Ohio.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL THADE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
Located in the famous Southern
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and
of unsurpassed quality and quantity,
with excellent shipping facilities.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
A. bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre Haute, lnd.
Wanted
Position as superintendent by married man, 39
years old. College and University graduate. Sixteen
years practical experience, mostly inside coal
mines Pittsburgh district, as miner, roadman, driver,
weighmaster, surveyor, fireboss, assistant mine
foreman, mine foreman and superintendent. Good
health, good habits, and best of references. Salary
$250. Address A. B., Care of THE COAL TRADE
BULLETIN.
FOR SALE.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
FOR SALE.
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Eights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville R. R., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Madisonville, Ky.
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVTLLE, PA!

National Consolidated Coal Co., Belington, W.
Va.; capital, $2,000,000; incorporators, S. T. Zimmerman
and C. B. Colborn, of Philadelphia, Pa.;
Josiah Specht, of Kanter, Pa,; Butler Kellogg, of
Belington, W. Va.; and F. Brande McCarthy, of
Clayton, Del.
Colbert Coal Co., Shamokin, Pa.; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, Robert E. Carter, Hazleton, Pa.;
John M. Stauffer, Hazleton, Pa.; David T. Campbell,
Shamokin, Pa.; B. LeRoy Stauffer, Shamokin,
Pa.; Cullin D. Corliss. Detroit, Mich.
Blackstone Coal Co., Ashland, Ky.; capital, $500,-
000; incorporators, John F. Hager, J. W. M. Steart,
K. M. Fitzgerald, S. E. Harman and L. S. Wilson,
all of Ashland.
Trace Fork Coal Co., Mullens, W. Va.; capital,
$75,000; incorporators, Thomas F. Bailey, Jr., J. C.
Sullivan, W. G. Hubbard, K. S. McClanahan and
E. F. Hoover.
Barnes Coal Co., Philadelphia; capital, $50,000;
incorporators, John Barnes, Wayne, Pa.; Harry E.
Bird, Philadelphia, Pa.; Edward L. Clarke, Philadelphia,
Pa.
Oakland Coal Co., Toledo, O.; capital, $10,000;
incorporators. L. Jay Gifford, Thomas L. Clifford.
Arline Sullivan. Frank J. Reis, W. T. S. O'Hara.
American Fuel Co., Reading, Pa.; capital, $100,-
000; incorporators, T. F. Magarity, B. P. Ocheltree,
M. B. P. Hawkins, Wilmington, Del.
Atlantic Coast Coaling Co., Inc., New York: capital,
$110,000; incorporators, J. S. Dale, G. W. Picht,
T. W. Sprague, New York City.
Big Sandy Fuel Co., Ashland, Ky.; capital. $10,-
000; incorporators, Ralph Chatfield, Virginia M.
Chatfield and O. P. Chatfield.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
Mead Pocahontas Coal Co., Elmore, W. Va.;
capital, $60,000; incorporators, Dr. J. A. Wood, J.
Edward Cox, J. C. Sullivan, W. G. Hubbard and
E. H. Mead.
Inter-Railroad Coal Co., Connellsville, Pa.; capital,
$360,000; incorporators, J. P. K. Miller, W. F.
Soisson, E. L. Stoner, A. P. Henderson and James
Mack.
Beech Flats Coal Co., Danville, 111.; capital, $100,-
000; incorporators, W. H. Hartshorn, Grant Holmes,
U. J. White.
Trio Coal Co., Ottumwa, la.; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, Howell Price, George West and
James Nevin.
Low Ash Coal Co., Louisville, Ky.; capital, $25,-
000; incorporators, G. R. Hunt, E. N. King and
W. O. Alden.
Duquesne Coal Co., Lisbon, O.; capital, $25,000;
incorporators, J. F. Kraft, J. H. Proeger and B. F.
Hennacy.
Eastern Block Coal Co.. Auburn, Me.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, E. M. Hatch, J. A. Pulsifer,
Auburn.
Buchanan Coal Co., Chicago; capital, $1.~0,000;
incorporators, G. C. Mastiu, .1. J. Sherlock, M. C.
Putnam.
Medora Coal Co., Medora, N. D.; capita), $25,000;
incorporators, T. H. Pugh, S. W. Bailey and T. D.
Casey.
The Eureka Stores Co., consisting of 21 stores
in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, distributed
cards among its working forces that entitled them
to purchase Christmas presents at the stores to
the value of sums specified on the cards, the amount
depending on the length of service with the company.
The total amounted to approximately $5,000.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
"ARGYLE"
SOUTH FORK,
SMOKELESS
C O r* A V
PENNSYLVANIA.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE Pni/E
FOUNDRY K h
CRUSHED UUIXLl
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GENERAL OFFICES: - - - - GREENSBURG, PA.
AGME GOAL MINING GOMPANY,
GREENSBURG. PA. ;
MINERS AND SHIPPERS J
i'LCME A.ND AVONDALE !
I HIGH GRADE STEAM GOALS,
; MINES, RIMEKSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. $
r SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R. J
J C. J. RENWICK, Sales Agent, Prudential Building, BUFFALO, N. Y. J
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| LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, j
LATROBE, PA. !
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APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 5
I APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COALS
AND 5
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN 5
COAL. |
GENERAL OFFICES. . . . GREENSBURG. PA. ?
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J^OAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, JANUARY 15, 1913 No. 4
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL THADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are Invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
AFTER HOLIDAY CONDITIONS prevail in the coal
trade just now, with half the initial month of
the year gone, and while there is some buying
of spot coal at above list prices, the tendency is
to keep close to the card established during the
expected. These, combined, have aided the trade
somewhat, but not in all the fields, as some of
the tide shipping regions have had just as much
trouble along this line as before the holiday
season.
Labor conditions are somewhat better, as, now
that the new year has opened, the miners are
somewhat anxious to get in a good pay and are
willing to work more steadily. But this will­
ingness to work only affects those sections where
a full or approximately full force of men is at
hand, while those sections that had been suffer­
ing from a shortage have not had adequate relief
along this line.
In the Pittsburgh district there is apparent
more than in any other, perhaps, the tendency to
await developments on the part of consumers who
hope that something may turn up to their ad­
vantage. In this district, likewise, the operating
final months of 1912. Buyers that were insistent companies are now insistent on obtaining card
in having their demands filled just before the figures or better than in many of the other sec­
holidays and during the late fall, now are intions of the country. The managing heads of the
clined to hold off a little bit, and to take matters larger producing companies have figured that the
a little easier, although there are no signs of list established last November is the "irreducible
anything but the stiffest kind of a backbone to minimum" and therefore are absolutely refusing
prices. Company managers are determined to to permit sales forces to go below those figures,
maintain product at a price that will yield at and are instructing them to get as much more as
least a modicum of profit, and they are turning possible. The high waters of the three rivers
a stony countenance toward anything but list during the first fortnight of the year have en­
figures, while the only thing that brings a smile abled river shipping companies to get large lots
is an offer of a premium. Legislation already of product to market and this is helping the
enacted, and more that may come from the many mining situation materially, as empties to re­
state legislatures now in session, have left the place the loaded craft have been coming into the
producer nothing to do but stand for a price that harbor. With the outlook in the steel and iron
will protect him from loss if bills should pass trade good, as all reports indicate they are, the
that will add to the cost of production.
coal trade looks for continued activity, and in
The mines as a rule have been making a little consequence, prices are particularly firm. Card
better time during the initial fortnight of the rates are: Run-of-mine coal, $1.30 to $1.40; three-
year, due, in a measure to the fact that car supquarter coal, $1.40 to $1.50; inch and one-quarply
had accumulated to a certain extent during ter, $1.50 to $1.60; slack $1.10 to $1.25 with an
the holidays, and also to the fact that the weather insistent demand for this grade.
conditions were not so severe as might have been Coke makers have, following the holidays, in-

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
creased their tonnage materially, and the week­
ly production figures once more are hugging the
four hundred thousand ton mark, with little if
any coke being stocked. While needs of the
steel and iron trades seem to be better supplied
than at the opening of the year, yet there is
little, if any, diminution of the demand for coke
from this source, which is very gratifying to the
manufacturers. The number of ovens in blast
is as large as at any time during the past year,
and there is no sign of a decided decrease for
some time to come, hence the outlook is of the
best. While the demand for tonnage remains
very good, there is a little easing up of spot
premiums and the trend of the market in this
respect is toward the $4 mark, as against higher
figures a week or two ago. These spot prices.
however, do not indicate the contract prices,
which are: $3.25 to $3.50 for furnace coke and
$3.50 to $3.75 for foundry coke.
The anthracite branch of the trade is progress­
ing nicely, and the continued mild weather has
had the effect of decreasing the cry of famine
heard at the opening of the year and preceding
that time. This would indicate that the domestic
trade is getting into better shape and that sup­
plies are becoming somewhat more nearly normal.
The mines are working steadily, and the output
is on a par with that of the same month last
year, apparently. The trade just now is watch­
ing the new mining code that is to be presented
to the legislature, and it may have some effect
on the trade during the next month or so, until
its provisions are thoroughly grasped and the
producers know exactly what it will mean to
them if it becomes a law. There is a decided
easing of prices among the retail trade, and
premiums for tonnage are of less frequent re­
port. But there is no change in the card rates,
which are at full winter figures.
* * *
Poi: THE FIRST TIME since the Mine Workers
and the operating companies initiated the inter­
state agreement, there is neither a national
miners convention or a wage scale conference on
this year. This comes about from the fact that
the present agreement does not expire until next
year and that the mine workers convention will
meet biennially. If these things mean nothing
else, they mean quietude and peace in the trade
at the opening of the year, when, as a rule,
everybody has been used to getting affairs in
shape for the annual "fun, fight or frolic" that
came with the assembling of convention and
joint conference. And it is welcomed by every­
body.
* * *
AN IMPORTANT DECISION was made in a Penn­
sylvania court during the fortnight, in a case
wherein stockholders of an insolvent company
were held liable for labor claims. If the case be
carried to a higher court and affirmed, it will
set a precedent that probably will be of particu­
lar interest to the coal trade. As it is, the de­
cision of the Somerset county court is worthy
of study and injects something new into the legal
side of the coal industry.
* * »
FIGURES BEING MADE PUBLIC show big increases
in exportation of coal for the year 1912. News
dispatches indicate that 1913 is not to fall be­
hind its predecessor in that respect. With mining
capacity now far in excess of home needs, this
is an encouraging sign, and the trade will hail
with delight any invasion of new markets by
American coal.
All eyes, in the states where coal is mined,
and where the legislature is in session, are
turned capitolward, and many are the fervent
prayers going up that the lawmakers place no
additional burden on the trade.
* » »
Old 1912 was a record breaker. Everybody is
prophesying that young 1913 is going to jolt his
predecessor an awful jolt when figures are in.
So be it, providing prices keep hustling along.
* * *
Those cold waves that have been sidetracked
somewhere, should have a tracer sent after them,
is the opinion of the trade.
* * *
Hampton Roads ports had some coal year in
1912. Other places had a share of the good things.
* * *
Young 1913 started out to be good to the river
coal man. Will he keep it up?
» * *
Another big order for export coal is reported.
They cannot come too fast.

COURT DECREES STOCKHOLDERS
ARE LIABLE FOR LABOR CLAUSE.
Judge William H. Ruppel, at Somerset, Pa.,
handed down an opinion in the equity proceedings
of John W. Sturtz, James H. Nedrow and
Joseph Hoffert against the Hocking Coal Co., in
which he decides that plaintiffs are entitled to
recover for labor claims against the mining concern,
notwithstanding it is insolvent.
The Hocking Co. was capitalized at $60,000, or
600 shares of the par value of $100 each. A year
or more ago it became insolvent. The plaintiffs
were miners employed at its operations in
Brothersvalley township, and were not paid for
their work. In order to recover the amount due
them they instituted an equity suit under a decision
by the State Supreme Court, which makes
stockholders liable as individuals up to the
amount of unpaid stock subscriptions they held.
Plaintiffs claimed that some of the stockholders
were liable under this decision for the reason
that they had not paid for all the stock they had
subscribed.
Judge Ruppel awards Sturts $74.88, Nedro
$103.09, and Hoffert $57.01. The court directs
that the awards be collected by executions issued
against the coal company and in case such proceedings
are returned unsatisfied, similar action
be taken against individual stockholders.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
tons cargo, 50,196 tons bunker; March, 168,650
tons cargo, 59,556 tons bunker; April, 232,860 tons
cargo, 65,787 tons bunker; May, 144,243 tons cargo,
51,837 tons bunker; June, 114,058 tons cargo,
36,706 tons bunker; July, 123,424 tons cargo, 47,-
237 tons bunker; August, 83,125 tons cargo, 39,192
tons bunker; September, 87,536 tons cargo, 37,868
tons bunker; October, 115,625 tons cargo, 79,325
tons bunker; November, 77,290 tons cargo, 47,243
tons bunker; December, 100,524 tons cargo, 48,216
tons bunker.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN COAL MINING
INSTITUTE ORGANIZED.
The Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute has
been organized at Denver, Colo., with a membership
of 250, all of whom are interested in the
coal industry in Colorado, Wyoming, Utah and
New Mexico.
The membership comprises men engaged in
coal mining in all capacities from miners to mine
owners and managers. Mr. E. H. Weitzel, manager
of the Fuel department of the Colorado Fuel
& Iron Co., was unanimously chosen as the Institute's
first president. Four vice presidents,
one from each of the four states, were elected.
They are: For Colorado, W. J. Murray, vice
president and general manager of the Victor
SHIPMENTS OF COAL AT HAMPTON
ROADS DURING 1912 LARGE.
American Fuel Co., Denver; for Utah, W. B.
Williams, general manager of the Utah Fuel Co.,
Salt Lake City; for New Mexico, T. H. O'Brien.
general manager of the Stag Canon Fuel Co.,
The shipment of coal to both foreign and coast­
Dawson; for Wyoming, Frank A. Manley, genwise
ports from Norfolk and Newport News was
eral manager of the Union Pacific Coal Co.,
Omaha.
the best for years. All railroads dumping coal
over Hampton Roads piers reported record ton­ An executive committee of thirteen members,
nages. A total of 11,446,576 tons of coal was consisting of the president, four vice presidents,
loaded during the year, according to the figures and two members from each state, was provided
of the railroad companies.
for in the rules. The members named, other than
The Norfolk & Western led all the others, with the officers were: For Colorado, John P. Thomas,
a total of 5,213,766 tons over the Lambert Point of Glenwood, and C. W. Babcock, of Denver; for
piers; the Chesapeake & Ohio was second with Utah, F. N. Cameron, of Salt Lake City, and J.
a total of 3,769,293 tons over the Newport News E. Pettit, of Coalville; for New Mexico, D. H.
piers, while the Virginian was third with 2,463,517 Summerville, of Gibson, and Alan French, of
tons over the Sewalls Point pier.
Raton; for Wyoming, P. J. Quealy, of Kemerer,
Total dumpings by months were: January,
901,042 tons; February, 919,930 tons; March,
1,018,702 tons; April, 1,213,164 tons; May, 1,084,-
461 tons; June, 890,872 tons; July, 978,371 tons;
and H. C. Campbell, of Rock Springs. F. W.
Whiteside, of Denver, was chosen as secretarytreasurer.
The annual dues for members were
fixed at $2 per year.
August, 981,331 tons; September, 936,780 tons; Meetings will be held in June and November
October, 921,191 tons; November, 756,869 tons; of each year, the places of meeting being points
December, 843,863 tons.
in each of the four states in rotation. The next
The exports for the year amounted to about meeting, in June, 1913, will be held in Salt Lake
2,098,931 tons. Of the total, 1,477,122 tons were City; the November, 1913, meeting will be in
cargo and 621,809 tons bunker coal.
Albuquerque, N. Mex., and the June, 1914, meet­
Shipments by months were: January, 109,325 ing will be in Cheyenne, and the next meeting in
tons cargo, 58,646 tons bunker; February, 120,462 Denver.

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
AMERICAN MINING SAFETY ASSOCIATION
EFFECTS PERMANENT ORGANIZATION.
The executive committee of the American Mine
Safety Association January 3rd sent out letters
to those eligible for membership, all over the
country, seting forth the plan and scope of the
association and outlining the permanent organization.
The association will fix the standards of practice
in mine safety, in mine rescue methods and
in rendering first aid to the injured. It is also
to set the standards for construction and use of
devices and appliances for mine rescue and first
aid work.
The annual meeting of the association is to be
held in September, and will probably come to
Pittsburgh. Engineer H. M. Wilson, in charge
of the Arsenal station of the Bureau of Mines,
is chairman of the executive committee that perfected
the permanent organization, prepared Unconstitutional
draft and arranged to hold the
first annual meeting.
The association is to be a composite of private
and governmental efforts to conserve the lives
and health of the miners and to reduce the property
loss. It will, of course, have the sanction
of the Bureau of Mines. The abstract of the
tentative constitution sent out with the letter
details the objects of the association to be to
promote safety in mines and mining by the
adoption of improved first aid methods and of
logical methods of procedure in rescue and recovery
work; to recommend the adoption of approved
types of first aid and mine rescue and
recovery appliances; to obtain and circulate information
on these subjects, and to secure the
co-operation of its members in establishing proper
safe-guards against loss of life and property by
explosions, fires and other causes.
The officers are to be a president, vice president
and secretary-treasurer. Active members will be
drawn from those qualified to consider the issues
and forward the aims of the association. Associate
members will be institutions, societies, government
and state departments and bureaus and
mining firms and corporations.
The executive committee's letter says:
Workmen's compensation acts have in recent
years been passed in 15 states, of which 10 were
enacted in the year 1911 alone. The rapid spread
of legislation compelling employers to care for
injured workmen clearly shows the importance
to the employer of reducing the liabilities by
every means at his disposal. These are of two
kinds, namely, safety or preventative measures
and protective or rescue and first aid methods.
Mine operators now realize that it is more
expensive to restore wrecked mines, more costly
to fight damage suits through the courts and
less profitable to pay regulated liability charges,
or even workmen's compensation, than it is to
bear the cost involved in reducing these charges
by means of diminishing the number of accidents
and the duration of resulting disability by
the adoption of safety, rescue and first aid
methods.
The committee is as follows: H. M. Wilson,
chairman, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh;
John P. Reese, vice chairman, Superior Coal Co.,
Galena. 111.; Dr. W. S. Rountree, Tennessee Coal,
Iron & Railway Co., Birmingham, Ala.; Dr. A.
F. Knoefel, Vandalia Coal Co., Terre Haute, lnd.;
Dr. F. L. McKee, L. & W.-B. Coal Co., Wilkes-
Barre, Pa.; Austin King, Frick Coal & Coke Co.,
Scottdale, Pa.; G. W. Hawes, Oliver Iron Mining-
Co., Duluth, Minn.; E. H. Weitzel, Colorado Fuel
& Iron Co., Pueblo, Colo.; R. A. Phillips, D. L.
& W. Co., Scranton, Pa.; C. S. Stevenson, secretary,
Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh. Pa.
COAL RECEIPTS AT BOSTON DURING 1912.
Receipts of anthracite coal at Boston during
1912 were less by 263,S14 tons than in 1911, while
the receipts of bituminous for the year were 413.-
794 tons greater than in the previous 12 months.
Shipments of anthracite, by sea and rail, amounted
to 1,719,120 tons, as compared with 1,982,940
in 1911. The quantity of soft coal received
totalled 4,848,885 tons. In 1911, 4,435,091 tons of
bituminous were received.
Monthly receipts for the year were as follows:
Anthracite. Bituminous.
•January 120,861 33S.226
February 169,210 399,260
March 195,379 401.391
A Pi'il 143,111 378,494
May 14,920 507,690
June 100,633 40S.295
Jul y 139,174 369,535
Au §ust 1S7.9S4 463,469
September 174,114 440J11
Octo^ 1 ' 17S.9S6 433,854
November 124,009 351,035
December 170,751 357].525
The year's figures show an increase in the
amount of foreign bituminous received, 309,126
tons being brought here by sea as compared with
263,861 tons in 1911. Rail shipments of anthracite
and bituminous were heavier than in 1911.
Approximately 65,000 tons more of hard coal
came by land routes during 1912.
The Valley Camp Coal Co. of Massillon, O., has
purchased from the Akron Coal Co., the Columbia
mine at Martins Ferry, O. The mine will be
operated as heretofore, but will be known as the
Valley Camp Coal Co.'s Columbia mine.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
WEST VIRGINIA PRODUCTION SHOWS BIG GAINS
State Mine Inspector John Laing of West Vir- The total coal production during the fiscal year
ginia has prepared his annual report for the was 59,581,774 gross tons of coal or an increase
fiscal year ending June 30, 1912, and it shows of 5,548,588 gross tons over the year ending June
30th, 1911, or 10.25 per cent.
the gain in that state to have been a large one
The coke production was 1,992,697 net tons, a
over that of 1911. In this connection the foi- . , _A1 „.,, -, ., ,
decrease of 701,350 net tons under the year endlowing
table exhibits a comparative statement ing June 30th> 1911_ 0r 26.03 per cent.
and summary of the trade for the years 1911 The inc.reased production of coal exceeded the
and 1912: expectations this year, due to the extreme short-
For Year For Year
Ending Ending
June 30, 1912 June 30, 1911
Number of counties in which coal is mined in a commercial scale 31 33
Number of firms operating on a commercial scale 457 424
Number of openings of all kinds subject to the mining law 817 790
Number of tons (2,240 lbs.) of pick mined coal from commercial mines 28,814,581 27,341,113
Number of tons (2,240^8.) of machine mined coal from commercial mines 30,467,193 26,392,073
Total number of tons (2,240 lbs.) of coal from commercial mines 59,281,774 53,733,186
Estimated number of tons of coal from small mines (tons of 2,240 lbs.) 300,000 300,000
Total number of tons of coal from all mines (tons of 2,240 lbs.) 59,581,774 54,033,186
Number of tons of coal converted into coke (tons of 2,240 lbs.) 2,955,581 5,043,724
Number of tons of coke manufactured (tons of 2,000 lbs.) 1,992,697 2,694,047
Total value of coal at mines $56,602,685.30 $52,952,522.28
Total value of coke at ovens 3,606,781.57 5,037,867.89
Value of ton of coal at the mines (tons of 2,240 lbs.) -95 -98
Value of ton of coke at the ovens (tons of 2,000 lbs.) 1.81 1-87
Number of mining machines in use 2,307 2,158
Average number of coke ovens in use 6,957 9,019
Number of days mines were in operation 224 194
Number of days ovens were in operation 140 179
Number of pick miners employed in commercial coal mines 21,879 21,247
Number of machine operators and miners employed in commercial coal
mines 21,697 20,697
Number of underground laborers in commercial coal mines 13,277 15,888
Number of outside employes connected with the commercial coal mines 10,461 9,994
Number of coke employes 2,297 2,868
Total number of men employed at the commercial coal mines and coke
ovens 69,611 70,644
Number of men killed
409 332
Number of men injured non-fatally 840 819
Number of men employed per each man killed 170 213
Number of men employed per each man injured 83 86
Number of tons of coal mined in commercial mines per each fatality... 144,943 161,847
Number of tons of coal mined in commercial mines per each non-fatality 70,573 65,608
Number of wives left widows 172 133
Number of children left fatherless 425 365
Acres of coal worked out 11,240.67 10,801.83
Tons of coal produced in commercial mines per miner (pick and machine
runners included) 1,048 1,404
Average earnings of each pick miner per year $618.52 $570.48
Average earnings of each pick miner per month 51.54 47.54
Average price per ton of coal (tons of 2,240 lbs.) for mining run-of
mine coal -47 -44 13

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
age of labor throughout the state, car supply and
local labor troubles at various different places.
In spite of this, however, the production was
increased by a very substantial margin.
The operators throughout the state report an
increased demand for West Virginia coal, notwithstanding
the disadvantage they are placed at
on account of the distance our mines are located
from the market in which West Virginia coals
are necessarily sold and the consequent difficulty
of transportation, the increased production thor­
oughly demonstrates the superior quality of our
product as compared with our more favored com­
petitors in other states, as well as the energy,
capability and efficiency that characterize the men
engaged in the business.
The coal production of West Virginia has substantially
increased for several years and the
increases in the past ten years have been exceptionally
large and we are gaining mor rapid­
ly each year and the increases in this state are
far exceeding that of any other state in the
Union and at the rate of the increased produc­
tion from year to year during the past ten or
twelve years and from all statistics and reports
made by geologists and others on the undeveloped
territory, it is generally conceded that West Vir­
ginia will be the largest bituminous coal producing
state in the Union, within the next eight or
ten years and judging from all reports on the
undeveloped territory, they will hold this position
for many years to come.
The Department of Mines of West Virginia
during the past twelve months, made more than
2,500 official inspections of mines in the state,
which keeps it closely in touch with the detailed
conditions at the various mines throughout-the
state, and the inspectors report that there is a
very marked improvement in mining conditions
in every regard. The miners as well as the managers
of the different mines are becoming interested
each year in this great industrial business
and co-operate for bringing about better sanitary
conditions, living conditions, educational
advantages and improvements to safeguard the
lives of all employes connected with the mines
and incidentally protect the property.
The total value of the coal produced this year
(59,581,774 gross tons) was $56,602,685.30 and the
total value of the coke (1,992,097 net tons) was
$3,605,781.57, which made a general average of
all the coal produced, net the operators 95 cents
per ton f.o. b. cars mines and the coke brought
an average yield to the operators of $1.81 per
ton f. o. b. cars mines.
During the year the mines worked an average
of 224 days, employing, including superintendents,
mine foremen, fire bosses, store managers, store
and office clerks, miners and other mine workers,
a total of 79,781 persons. Of this number there
were approximately 50 per cent, white Americans
and 13,403 negroes, the balance being foreign
labor.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Quite a number of improvements have been
made at the old plants, as well as opening up
and re-equipping new mines. During the year,
there were 21 new mines put into operation, 34
power plants installed and 28 tipples built. In
addition to this, there were numerous other im­
provements made throughout the state.
ACCIDENTS.
There were 409 lives lost in connection with
mine operations, 392 of which number were
killed inside and 17 outside the mines. There
were 840 non-fatal accidents, 759 of which occurred
inside and 83 outside. This shows an
increase of 79 fatal accidents and 21 non-fatal
accidents over the preceding year. This was due
to an explosion in the Standard Focahontas Coal
Company's mine August 1st, 1911, and in the
Bottom ('reek Coal & Coke Company's mine
November 20th, 1911, and in the Jed Coal & Coke
Company's mine March 26th, 1912. Had it not
been for these unfortunate accidents, the number
of persons killed and injured by usual causes
would have been reduced very substantially, which
goes to show conclusively that all persons in­
terested in mining are taking every possible precaution
to avoid loss to life and injury to the
employes in and around the mines.
Exclusive of the lives lost in the explosions, the
greater percentage was caused by falls of roof
and coal and from the reports received in connection
with accidents from this cause, we find
that at least 85 per cent, of them are caused
from carelessness on the part of the persons
killed or injured, due to their putting off attend­
ing to the bad roof before it is too late.
All mine workers and mine officials are being
urged continuously to enforce discipline in this
regard to protect life and limb and the result
of their efforts to take particular pains to see
that roof is well timbered, is beginning to show
I'or itself by the gradual decreased number of
accidents from this cause in the best few years.
The Santa Fc Railroad has purchased extensive
coal mining properties at Lehigh, Okla., from
the Missouri Pacific Railroad. The property consists
of more than 1(1,000 acres of the most productive
coal land in Oklahoma. Mines now being
worked are producing over 2,000 tons a day
The Santa Fe management intends to open two
additional shafts and increase the output to
about 4,000 tons a day.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
UTAH COAL INDUSTRY IN 1912.
By J, E. Pettit. State Mine Inspector
We close the fiscal year, November 30, 1912,
with the largest increase of coal and coke for
any one year in the history of the state.
The output of coal increased 586,885 tons or
23.46 per cent.
The coke production increased 134,988 tons or
63.56 per cent.
The hydro-carbons decreased 3,393.69 tons or
9.1 per cent.
The most important reason given for the large
increase in coal, has been the demand for our
coke. Six hundred and three thousand, four
hundred and forty-six tons of coal were used
during the past year in the manufacture of coke,
against 365,822 tons for 1911.
The increase in the use of coal in the state
for the past year is also very noticeable. The
amount used in 1911 was 2,124,500 tons and in
1912 it was 2,466,745 tons, while our exports to
neighboring states increased from 418,671 tons
to 463,349 tons in the same period of time.
The distribution of coke provides some interesting
figures. The Nevada smelters received
31,563 tons, against 335 tons in 1911. The Montana
smelters increased their order from 86,714
tons to 135,865 tons. Idaho used 894 tons, while
Utah increased her tonnage from 123,752 tons
in 1911 to 176,426 tons in 1912.
The decrease in the hydro-carbon product is
due to peculiar eastern conditions by which the
market for this product is governed. The marketing
of this product seems to be intermittent,
one month the mines are working to full capacity,
the next month the forces are reduced.
We have had no labor troubles during the past
year. The wages of those employed in and
around the mines and coke plants remained practically
the same as last year, and from close
observation, we are convinced that a good feeling
exists between employer and employed.
The selling price of coal remained the same
as in 1911, however, the market price for the
hydro-carbon product is somewhat lower.
Three new coal properties, viz., the Willow
Creek mine, operated by the Utah Fuel Co.; the
Panther Canyon or Cameron mine, operated by
the Castle Gate Coal Co., and the Neslen mine,
operated by the American Fuel Co., have been
added to the list of shippers during the past
year.
The Storrs mine, being developed and equipped
by the Spring Canyon Coal Co., will be shipping
coal by Feb. 1. A railroad four and one-half
miles in length has been built to the mine connecting
with the main line of the Denver & Rio
Grande Railroad Co., one-half mile west of
Helper.
A new contrivance (for the western states)
in handling coal from the mine to the tipple is
being installed at this mine. The eoal outcrops
on a bluff several hundred feet above the bed
of the canyon. On account of the canyon grade
being too steep to build the railroad to within
3,600 feet of the opening, it was decided to transport
the coal this distance by an aerial tramway,
which is in course of erection, and as above
stated, the company expects to be in operation
by Feb. 1, 1913.
No serious shortage of cars has been reported
during the year, except in the latter part of Septembre
and October. It has been impossible for
the state mine inspector to visit all of the eoal
and hydro-carbon mines of the state as required
by law, owing to the increase of new mines and
the development of the old producing mines and
their scattered condition. All of the large operating
mines have been visited. Those which
were not visited are mines in Iron and Uintah
counties and which are in operation a few months
in the winter season, only.
During the past sixty days, Mr. G. B. Smith
has been employed as deputy state mine inspector.
The coal production for 1912 was 3,0S8,356 tons,
or an increase of 586,885 tons.
Coke production: 347.356 tons, an increase of
134.9S8 tons.
Hydro-carbon production: 33,656.31 tons, or a
decrease of 3,393.69 tons.
The amount of explosives used: 351,505 lbs.
of black powder and 395,218 lbs. of giant and
permissible powders, a total of 746,723 lbs. or
one pound of powder being used for every 4.13
tons of coal mined.
Four thousand and sixty-three men were employed
in and around the coal and hydro-carbon
mines and coke plants during the year, or an increase
of 265 men over 1911. The average days
worked by the regular producing mines was 280
Average amount of coal produced per man (including
miners, day men, and outside men, but
not including coke workers) was 770 tons.
Mine foreman's certificates issued, 6.
Fire boss's certificates issued, 3.
There were 160 accidents in and around the
coal and hydro-carbon mines during the past
year. Eighteen resulted fatally, 31 serious, and
111 non-serious. Two of the fatal accidents occurred
outside of the mines, one in an open rock
cut, an done in an engine house.
As a result of the fatal accidents, there are
seven widows and 18 fatherless children.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ILLINOIS MINING INVESTIGATION
COMMISSION IS NAMED.
Governor Deneen of Illinois has appointed the
Mining Investigation Commission as follows:
Messrs. H. H. Stoek, J. A. Holmes, J. E. Williams,
Richard Newsam, G. W. Traer, Thomas Jeremiah,
Benjamin Williams, George McArtor, William
Hall.
This commission was authorized by the last
session of the Illinois legislature, and was given
power and authority to investigate methods and
conditions of mining coal in the state, with special
reference to the safety of human lives and property,
and the conservation of the coal deposits.
Governor Deneen has appointed Thomas Moses,
general superintendent for the Bunsen Coal Co.,
a member of the Illinois Mine Rescue Station
commission, in place of the late W. W. Taylor,
and J. M. Zimmerman, representing the United
Mine Workers of America, in place of Charles
Krallman, recently resigned.
ITINERARY OF MINE RESCUE CAR.
The following is the itinerary of Pittsburg,
Kansas, Car No. 4, U. S. Bureau of Mines for
the first part of 1913:
Railroad Arrive Leave
Pittsburg, Kansas ...Frisco Dec. 25 Jan. 2
Franklin, Kans Mo. Pacific Jan. 2 Jan. 11
Curranville, Kans K. C. S. Jan. 12 Jan. 18
Mulberry, Kans K. C. S. Jan. 19 Jan. 25
Croweburg, Kans. ...K. C. S. Jan. 26 Feb. 1
Topeka, Kans U. P. Feb. 3 Feb. 7
Pittsburg, Kans Frisco Feb. 9 Feb. 15
Weir, Kans Frisco Feb. 16 Feb. 22
Scammon, Kans Frisco Feb. 23 Mar. 1
Stippeville, Kans. ...Frisco Mar. 2 Mar. 8
Mineral, Kans M. K. & T. Mar. 9 Mar. 15
ITALY PLACES LARGE ORDERS
FOR AMERICAN COAL.
A Cardiff, Wales, dispatch, says: "Italy has
now followed the lead of the Egyptian railways
and has placed an order for 200,000 tons of coal
in America, while she also has invited tenders
for a large quantity from the Yorkshire mines.
"Italy is one of the best customers of Wales.
She has her own coal depot at Cardiff and has
hitherto taken 2,000,000 tons of coal a year from
this port. The high price demanded for Welsh
coal at the present moment is given as the reason
for the orders being transferred to America."
The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. has specifications
out for the sinking of new shafts at No. 6, 8
and 11. These shafts will open up some new veins.
COAL INDUSTRY IN ALBERTA,
CANADA, DURING 1912.
John T. Stirling, provincial inspector of mines
for Alberta, Canada, has announced that the output
of coal in the province was about 4,000,000
tons in 1912, as against 1,694,564 tons in 1911
and 3,036,757 tons in 1910. The classification
of the output in 1911 shows: Lignite, 964,700
tons; bituminous, 649,745 tons; anthracite, 80,119
tons; used in coke production, 61,591 tons coke
produced, 35, 984 tons; briquettes produced, 48,-
200 tons.
The products of the mines were used principally
in the provinces of Saskatchewan, Manitoba
and Alberta. Forty-four mines, the majority
in the Edmonton district, were opened during
1912. The older mines in southern Alberta, chiefly
Lethbridge and Crows Net Pass, show big increases
in the output for the year.
"The coming year promises to be the most
active in the history of our mining industry,"
Mr. Stirling said. "This is principally due to
the development of new properties with modern
appliances and the improvement and betterment
of the mines in operation. The completion of
the Grand Trunk Pacific and the Canadian Northern
transcontinental lines and the operation of
their branches to the various coal fields will mean
the opening of many other properties.
"The provincial government of Alberta will establish
modern rescue stations at various points
in the Edmonton district early this year. A
model station has been opened at Lethbridge,
where there is apparatus for 10 men. The other
station at Blairmore is equipped with appliances
for 11 men."
COAL DEPOSITS OF NIGERIA.
Vice Consul Raymond P. Dougherty, Freetown,
Sierra Leone, reports that the Empire Supplement
of the London Times states that extensive
coal deposits have been discovered at Udi, Southern
Nigeria. The test carried out by the government
and the analyses at the Imperial Institute
are said to have given results equal to two-thirds
that of the best Welsh coal. The Supplement
continues:
The survey for a railway to connect this coal
field with the river port of Onitsha is being carried
out. The importance of this line, as affording
cheap fuel to the two Nigerias, would be very
great, while it would make for the development
of the trade of this rich district and the settlement
of internal disputes among the natives of
the hinterland. The lignite deposits to the west
of the Niger are also valuable, and those at Okpanam
vary from 15 to 20 feet in thickness.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
ACCURACY AND LIMITATIONS OF COAL ANALYSIS
By A. C. Fieldner. Chemist, U. S. Bureau of Mines
In recent years chemical and physical tests came
into use in connection with the mining and utilization
of coal. Within certain limits these tests
are useful not only in establishing the fuel value
but in directing the coal into the proper market
for which it is best adapted, and of maintaining
the standard of the output to meet the requirements
of this market. The growing practice of
buying on specifications demands accuracy and
strict uniformity in the methods of sampling and
analysis. Chemists who make only occasional
analyses of coal do not, as a rule, realize the empirical
nature of the proximate analysis, and while
they may obtain coneoidant results as far as their
own laboratories are concerned, their results may
not agree with those obtained in another labroatory.
These discrepancies, which are more likely
to occur in some determinations like that of volatile
matter or of fixed carbon, tend to discredit
the whole analysis in the ej es of engineers not
familiar with the difficulties peculiar to each individual
determination. The object of this paper
is to call attention to the fact that some constituents
may be determined much more accurately
than others, and to present some experimental data
bearing on the probable variations that may oc-ur
in good laboratory practice.
Coal is used principally for fuel purposes; hence
Its value, other things being equal, is proportional
to its calorific power. The different kinds of coal,
however, vary greatly in character, so much so
that each has its own particular field of usefulness.
For instance, a Pittsburgh steam
COAL CANNOT BE BURNED EFFICIENTLY
in an anthracite furnace, nor can a coal high in
sulphur or phosphorus be used for the manufacture
of foundry coke. Certain other tests, then,
are also required, and for this purpose we have
the conventional proximate analysis and sulphur
or phosphorus determinations. While these tests
may be sufficient for most industrial purposes, it
is desirable at times to know the elementary composition
of the coal as shown in an ultimate analysis,
and its clinkering propeities as indicated in
the relative fusibility of the ash. No doubt other
tests more suitable for individual purposes will
come into use as the chemist learns what coal
really is.
It is generally conceded by geologists that coal
has its origin in vegetable matter that was accumulated
and buried in past geological ages. Sev-
*Paper read before the Winter Meeting of the Mining Institute
of America, Pittsb ui Eh, Dectn.ber 19, 1912.
eral different theories have been advanced as to
the exact manner of accumulation and the particular
kinds of vegetation or vegetable products that
were involved. At any rate, this accumulation
became more or less altered and concentrated under
swampy conditions and finally buried under a
load of sediments, to be subjected to a lurther
change by the attion of heat and pressure. In
more or less intimate mixture with these organic
remains was deposited silt, sand, clay, and other
earthy materials. Sometimes, layers of sediments
were laid down between the coal-forming vegetation.
It is not surprising, then, that the present
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION OI 1 COAL
is not only of an extremely complex nature but
that it varies from one bed to another.
For fuel purposes the constituents of coal may
be grouped into the following three classes:
1. Water or moisture.
2. The mineral impurities which remain in a
somewhat altered condition, as ash on burning the
coai.
3. The organic or combustible matter, which,
like the original vegetable matter, is composed
mainly of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
and nitrogen.
Moisture may be accurately determined in an
inorganic substance like iron ore by drying the
material at a temperature slightly above the boiling
point of water and noting the loss in weight.
The same method when applied to coal is complicated
by the oxidizing tendencies of the organic
compounds, and the possibility of loss of some
water of composition at the temperature of drying.
The present methods of analytical chemistry
do not distinguish with certainty between added
moisture or water that is simply absorbed by the
coal particles, and water that may be in some unstable
chemical combination in the coal substance.
The usual method of drying a pulverized sample
for one hour at 105 degrees Centigrade (221 degrees
Fahrenheit) is therefore somewhat arbitrary,
and to secure uniform, results a strict adherence
to a standard method of procedure is necessary.
In the Bureau of Mines method® the moisture
is determined in two stages: (1) The
COARSE SAMPLE RECEIVED
by the laboratory is pulverized to ^-inch size and
then air-dried at 30-35 degrees Centigrade (86-95
T;Sfnrrnn, F. M., and Fieldner, 4. C. Methods of
analyzing coai and coke. Technical paper 8, Bureau of
Mines.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
degrees Fahrenheit). The loss In weight, which
is called the air-drying loss, includes all the superficial
moisture and a large portion of the loosely
retained moisture. (2) The air-dried sample is
then pulverized in a closed ball mill to avoid loss
of moisture, mixed and sampled down to a small,
powdered sample in which the residual moisture
is determined, by heating 1 gram for 1 hour at
105 degrees Centigrade (221 degrees Fahrenheit)
in an oven through which dry air is being circulated.
By this method duplicate results in the
same powdered sample seldom vary more than 0.15
per cent.
Ash is the incombustible residue left on burning
coal. It is derived from the mineral impurities
in the coal and is largely composed of silica,
alumina, lime and iron compounds, together with
smaller quantities of magnesia, titanium and alkali
compounds. The silica, alumina and titanium are
derived from sand, clay, shale and slate; the iron
oxide mainly from iron pyrite; and the lime and
magnesia from their corresponding carbonates and
sulphates.
The ash-forming constituents of coal may be
classified in two groups:
1. Mineral matter present in an intimate mixture
with the coal substance, derived either from
the vegetable structure or from earthy matter intermixed
as silt during the process of coal formation.
2. Mineral matter occurring in the form of thin
bands and nodules of shale, bone and pyrites; in
this class are also the fragments of roof and floor
that become mixed with the coal in mining.
Mineral matter from the first source cannot be
removed by washing methods; it is sometimes
called the
"INTRINSIC ASH"
of the coal. Mineral matter from the second
source, sometimes called "extraneous ash," may be
removed by methods of washing, screening and
picking. In the laboratory a similar separation
can be made by the float-and-sink test. Coal has
a specific gravity somewhat less than 1.35; the
impurities are heavier; hence a separation may be
made by placing the coal, crushed to a suitable
size, in a solution of calcium or zinc chloride of
1.35 specific gravity. The coal will float, while
the shale, bone, pyrite, etc., will sink. In this
way the possibility of improving the quaiity of
coal by washing can be determined.
The determination of ash, although one of the
simplest operations, is also beset with certain difficulties
that lead to disagreement among different
laboratories, more especially with coals containing
notable quantities of calcium carbonate and iron
pyrites. On ignition the calcium carbonate is
decomposed, and carbon dioxide driven off, either
partially or completely, depending on the duration
and temperature of ignition.' The iron pyrite is
changed to ferric oxide, while more or less of the
sulphur combines with the lime to form CaSO,.
For example, in certain experiments with Illinois
coals that contained notable quantities of calcium
carbonate and sulphur, 14 per cent, ash was obtained
by ignition to constant weight at a low-red
heat, and 13 per cent, ash was obtained by ignition
at a bright-red heat. To secure concordant results
a standard temperature should be adopted.
If this is done duplicate determinations on the
same powdered sample will agree to within 0.2
per cent.
Coal ash as determined usually weighs less than
the mineral matter from which it is produced.
This is due mainly to the
LOSS DURING IGNITION
of volatile constituents: the shale and clay will
lose their water of composition; the carbonates will
be more or less decomposed, giving off carbon
dioxide; and the iron pyrites will be changed to
ferric oxide, giving off sulphur.
Several methods have been proposed to compute
the weight of original mineral matter in the coal,
by adding corrections to the weight of ash obtained
by ignition. These methods are, however,
too complicated and uncertain in their general
application to all classes of coal to be used in technical
work.
The volatile matter and fixed carbon represent
the relative proportions of gaseous and solid combustible
matter that may be obtained from the coal
by heating it in a closed vessel. This is done
by heating a finely powdered sample in a small,
covered platinum crucible, in the flame of a bunsen
or Meker burner, for exactly seven minutes. The
volatile matter consists mainly of the combustible
gases—hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and
other hydrocarbons—and some non-combustible
gases as carbon dioxide and water vapor. The
volatile matter does not include water present in
the coal as moisture at 105 degrees Centigrade
(221 degrees Fahrenheit).
The residue of coke left in the crucible after
deducting the ash is reported as "fixed carbon/'
The fixed carbon does not represent the total carbon
in the coal, as a portion of this element is
driven out in combination with hydrogen in the
volatile matter; furthermore, fixed carbon is not
pure carbon, but still contains several tenths per
cent, each of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; from
0.4 to 1.0 per cent, nitrogen; and about
HALF THE SULPHUR
that was in the coal. It should be clearly understood
that the terms "volatile matter" or "volatile
combustible matter" and "fixed carbon" do
not represent any definite compounds which ex-

isted in the coal before heating. The method of
determination is purely arbitrary, and variations
in temperature and rate of heating will caus9
variations amounting to several per cent.; even
with a strict adherence to the method recommended
by the American Chemical society, variations
of 3 and 4 per cent, in both the volatile matter
and fixed carbon may occur in different labora
'ories. One of the most prominent factors in
causing variations is the temperature at which the
crucible is heated. This is especially pionounced
in anthracite and semi-bituminous coal. It is noL
improbable for one laboratory to report 4 per cent.
and another 7 per cent, volatile matter on the
same sample of anthracite, or 14 per cent, and
17 per cent, respectively on the same sample of
Pocahontas coal. The different percentages of
volatile matter were actually pi educed by different
conditions of heat treatment. Caution must therefore
be observed in making comparisons of the
volatile matter and fixed carbon in proximate
analyses made in different laboratories. Even
determinations made at the same laboratory by
the same analyst may vary to the extent of 0.5
per cent.
Recently a series of experiments were made at
the Pittsburgh station of the Bureau of Mines to
provide data on which to base a temperature specification
at which the most uniform analytical results
could be obtained.® A series of determinations
at temperatures varying from 75 degrees
Centigrade (1382 degrees Fahrenheit) to 1100 degrees
Centigrade (2012 degrees Fahrenheit) were
made on five different types of coal and one sample
of foundry coke. These determinations were
made in a 30-cc. platinum crucible, which was
heated in an electric furnace under uniform coaditions.
Oxidation was prevented by passing nitrogen
into the crucible. The results obtained are
given in table I:
It will be seen that more volatile matter is obtained
at the higher temperatures, although the
ratio between temperature and volatile matter
varies in the different coals tested. The curve for
anthracite is remarkable in that it practically is
a straight line. The curves for the three bituminous
coals become horizontal at about 950 degrees
Centigrade (1742 degrees Fahrenheit). The
Pocahontas curve retains a slight upward inclination
even at a higher temperature.
From the analytical standpoint, 950 degrees Centigrade
(1742-1832 degrees Fahrenheit) appears to
be the best temperature for the determination of
volatile matter, as slight variations in tempera-
®Fipldnoi\ A. ('.. nod Hall. A. F. Influence of temperature
on the ieti rmination of volatile matter in coal.
FL'lilh International Congiess of Applied Chemistry, vol.
X, n. i:'0, (19121.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
ture on the upper end of the curve produce less
deviation in results.
Sulphur is usually determined in connection
with the proximate analysis. It is classified with
the impurities and undesirable constituents of
coal, although it usually exists in a combustible
form and contributes to the heating value. Commonly
sulphur is present as iron pyrite, either in
brassy lumps and bands or in very fine particles
uniformly distributed throughout the coal. Sulphur
may also occur in combination with iron
and lime as sulphates and in combination with the
coal substance as organic compounds.
Duplicate determinations by the "Eschka"
method on the same powdered sample will usually
agree to within 0.05 per cent. Where much sulphur
is present in visible form, as pyrite, difficulty
is experienced in obtaining a representative powdered
sample from the coarse sample, and somewhat
greater errors due to inaccuracies in sampling
may occur.
In an ultimate analysis the organic matter of
the coal is resolved into
ITS CHEMICAL ELEMENTS,
viz: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
These elements, together with the ash, are taken
as equal to 100 per cent. As there is no direct
method for the determination of oxygen, it is
estimated by subtracting the sum of the other
five constituents from 100. This method throws
the summation of all the errors incurred in the
other determination upon the oxygen.
The determination of carbon, hydrogen and
nitrogen, while requiring experience and a con
siderable degree of analytical skill on the pait of
the chemist, is not subject to the arbitrary conditions
that must be maintained in the proximate
analysis. As the chemist is dealing with definite
chemical elements, he should be able to duplicate
his determinations within the following limits:
Carbon 0.3 per cent, hydrogen 0.05 per cent., nitrogen
0.03 per cent.
It is unfortunate that no direct method has yet
been devised for the determination of oxygen.
The percentage of oxygen is an important factor
in many of the problems connected with the classification,
spontaneous combustion, weathering,
and inflammability of coal. In the present method
of estimation the oxygen percentage is subject to
error equal to the algebraic sum of the individual
errors incurred in the determination of carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, and ash. The most
serious of these errors is due to the difference in
weight between t,he ash and the mineral matter
(exclusive of sulphur, which is separately determined)
as it occurs in the coal. For Instance,
if all the sulphur is present as iron pyrites, the
oxygen percentage will have a negative error equal

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN
to three-eighths of the sulphur. This correction,
however, is applicable only when the
PERCENTAGE OF PYRITE SULPHUR
is known, and a satisfactory method for determining
all the different forms of sulphur found in coal
Temperatures.
740-745
745-750
750-755
755-760
765-770
770-775
785-790
790-795
795-800
805-810
810-815
S15-820
825-820
835-840
840-845
850-855
855-860
860-865
865-870
870-875
885-890
890-895
895-900
905-910
910-915
915-920
920-925
935-940
955-960
960-965
965-970
970-975
975-980
1000-1005
1005-1010
1010-1015
1015-1020
1025-1030
1050-1055
1055-1060
1060-1065
1005-1070
1075-1080
1085-1090
1110-1115
1120-1125
1125-1130
1130-1135
C
Coke.
0.40
0.51
0.56
0.55 & 6.54
0.60
• • • .
0.63
0.53
0.44
....
0.53
.....
0.68
6.71
6.80
0.85
6.95
0.91
i!62
1.02
1.22
£.25
Prof. Parr has found the water of composition in
Illinois coals to be approximately 8 per cent of
the ash. In a coal with 10 per cent, ash this
would cause an error of —0.71 per cent, in ihe
oxygen; if this same coal happened to contain 2
TABLE 1.
Volatile Matter at Different Temperatures.
Per Cent, of Volatile Matter.
Anthracite.
2.84 & 2.96
2.93
3.25
3.33
3.23
3.57
3.59
3.70
3.93 & 4.15
4.63
. . < .
-L86
5.00
5.19
5.36
5.60
5\7i
is yet to be devised. Furthermore, there are
errors in the opposite direction that tend to compensate
the error due to the oxidation of iron pvrites,
notably the loss of certain mineral constituents
like carbon dioxide from carbonate and water
of composition from the shaley constituents.^)
Pocahnntas.
14.66
14.80
15.85
16.17
16.49
16.45
16.70& 10.92
17.03
17.13
17.10
17.30
17.21 & 17.33
17.35
17.49
Pittsburgh.
32.86
33.13
33.68
33.69
33.89
34.05
34.11
31.70
34.75
34.57
34.75
35.00
34.92
34! 87
34.82
34.72 & 34.82
Colorado
32.99
33.00
33!70'
34!o7
34.12
34.62
34.80
34.93
34.94
3-L97
35.02
34.89
34.97
~*i
Illinois.
32^38
32^51
33 .'66
3.98
34.54
34.63
34.99
35! 18
35.60 & 35.70
35.55 & 35.8G
35. 63
35.89
per cent, sulphur as iron pyrite, an additional
error of +0.75 per cent, would bo incurred in the
oxygen. The two errors wculd thus compensate
to within 0.04 per cent.; whether the final oxygen
ffPaiT,
154.
S. W, Bull 111 State Geol Survey No. 8. pag«

error is positive or negative would depend upon
the relative proportions of shale and pyrite in the
coal, and upon the quantities of carbonate of iron
and lime. It is doubtful if any generally applied
method of correction would materially increase the
accuracy of the oxygen result.
The ultimate analysis as usually made does not
distinguish between the carbon and hydrogen derived
from the organic or combustible matter of
the coal, and the small proportion of these elements
that may be present in an incombustible
form in the mineral impurities. Illinois coais,
as shown by Prof. Parr,® often contain 0.1-0.7 per
cent, carbon as calcium carbonate. Most of the
coal in the Appalachian field is comparatively free
from carbonates. A small proportion of the hydrogen,
usually from a few hundredths to about 0.1
per cent., has its origin in the water of
COMPOSITION OF THE CLAY
or shaly material. While corrections can be made
with the aid of special chemical methods, for the
small percentages of inorganic carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen, it is not necessary in the ordinary
technical analyses.
In the consideration of an ultimate analysis it
must be kept in mind that the hydiogen and oxygen
of the moisture in the sample are included with
the hydrogen and cxygen of the dry coal substance.
Usually before making comparisons ultimate
analyses are computed to a dry-coal basis,
thus giving the relative proportions of hydrogen
ancl oxygen in the dry coal.
The term "available hydrogen" often used in the
computation of the calorific value of a coal from
the ultimate analysis, is based on the assumption
that all the oxygen in the coal is combined with
hydrogen in the proper ratio to form water. The
amount of hydrogen thus combined and not available
for producing heat is equal to one-eighth of
the oxygen; the remainder of the hydrogen, or
"available hydrogen" is combined with the carbon
and contributes to the heating value of the
coal. This hypothesis is fairly well supported
in the case of anthracite and bituminous coal= by
the general agreement of calorific values calculated
from the ultimate analysis by Dulong's formula
with the values determined by the bomb
calorimeter.
The calorific value of a fuel is the total quantity
of heat developed by the complete combustion
of the unit weight of fuel. On the metric system
of measurement, which is usually used by chemists
and physicists, the
HEAT LTNITS
are the gram calorie and the kilogram calorie
The gram calorie, or small calorie (cal.), is the
amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of one gram of water 1 degree Centigrade at 15
:£>Hiill. It. III. State Geol. Survey, page 232
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
degrees Centigrade and the kilogram calorie or
large calorie (cal.), is the amount of heat required
to raise the temperature of one kilogram
of water 1 degree Centigrade at 15 degrees Centigrade.
In the English system which is generally used
by engineers, the heat unit is the "British Thermal
Unit," or B.t.u. The British Thermal Unit
is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature
of one pound of water, 1 degree Fahrenheit,
at 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Calorific values
given in calorics per gram, may be converted into
British Thermal Units per pound, by multiplying
by 1.8, because the temperature rise produced in
one gram of water by the heat in one gram of
coa!, will be the same as the rise produced in ons
pound of water by the heat in one pound of coal;
hence, the relation between the calorific values
of one gram and one pound of fuel is simply that
of the two different thermometric scales, which
is 9/5.
The most accurate method of determining the
total heating value is by combustion in a bomb
calorimeter. The instrument should be carefully
standardized by burning substances of known
calorific value such as the standard samples of
cane sugar, naphthalene, and benzoic acid, that
are now being furnished by the Bureau of Standards.
The standardization should be conducted
under exactly the same conditions, and with the
same thermometer, that is used in the tests. The
use of calibrated thermometers is essential. In
carefully conducted calorimetric work the probable
error should not exceed 0.3 per cent., which
corresponds to about 50 B.t.u. in a high grade
eoal. This is a higher degree of accuracy than
can be obtained in the usual
METHODS OF SAMPLING,
which oftentimes increase tbe error to 100 B.t.u.
Before the bomb calorimeter came into general
use, the heating value of a coal was frequently
calculated from the ultimate analysis by Dulong's
formula:
(1) Calorific value in calories per gram
= 8080 C + 34460 (H — 0/8) + 2250 S.
(2) Caloiific value in B.t.u. per pound
= 14544 C + 6202S (H — 0/8) + 4030 S.
In the above formula;, G. H, O and S, are the
respective proportions of carbons, hydrogen, oxygen
and sulphur.
Aside from the fact that an ultimate analysis is
more expensive and time consuming than a calorimetric
determination, there are the following theoretical
objections to be considered.
(1) The heating value of the elements—carbon,
hydrogen and sulphur, as given in the formula—
have not been established with any great degree of
accuracy.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
(2) The heating value of an element in the free
state and as a component of a chemical compound
is not necessarily the same, as a matter of fact it
usually varies, due to absorption or evolution ot
heat in forming the compound.
(3) The usual assumption that from the stand­
point of heat development all the oxygen is com­
bined with hydrogen, may not be true: some of
the oxygen may be linked with carbon.
(4) The relative accuracy of the calculated
results are subject to the unceitainty of the oxy­
gen estimation.
On the other hand, in spite of the objections
just cited, there is fairly close agreement between
the calorific values calculated by Dulong's formula
and those determined by the calorimeter. Lord
and Somermeier® in a large series of analyses of
the coals of Ohio found that with very few ex­
ceptions the results obtained by Dulong's formula
were within VA per cent, ot the values obtained
with the bomb calorimeter. This degree of accu­
racy has also been found to hold true with anthra­
cite, semi-bituminous and bituminous coals ot
various parts of the United States, as shown ID
table 2.
TABLE 2.
A comparison of calorific values as determined ir the bomb calorimeter and as calculated from
the ultimate analysis alvsis by bv Dulong's formula:
Calorific value in B.t.u. :;er pound = 14541 C plus 0202.8 iH — 0/8) plus 4050 S.
Proximate Analysis:
Calorific Value:
Error
Dry Basis.
Dry Basis.
in
Calculated
Description.
Dry Peat:
Massachusetts
Maine
"
"
"
Michgan
Wisconsin
Lab.
No. Moisture.
%
12767
12766
10834
10833
5978
5983
. . 5994
5975
6720
6280
Volatile Deter­
Ash. Matter. mined.
% % B.t.u.
20.1 56.3 7745
11.2 64.2 9018
4.0 65.6 10285
4.0 64.4 10305
70.0 8471
3.8 67.6 9598
6.7 70.3 $132
3.8 66.6 8915
14.4 57.5 9139
17.3 58.0 8149
Calculated
B.t.u.
7452
8477
9629
9718
7542
8600
7319
7974
8423
7489
Difference.
B.t.u.
—293
—543
—656
—587
—929
—99S
—813
—941
—716
—660
Calorific
value.
%
—3.8
—6.0
—6.4
—5.7
—11.0
—10.4
—10.0
—10 6
—7.9
—8.1
6507
18.7 55.8 7835 7606 —229 —2.9
6290
26.2 59.2 7465 7002 —463 —6.2
Mean alsrebraic error in 12 samples
Maximum error
Calorific value in B.t.u. per pound = 14544 O plus
Proximate Analysis:
As Received.
Lab. Volatile
Description. No. Moisture. Ash. Matter.
Lignite—Valley Coal Co.: % % %
Montana 10898 42.8 4.6 25.7
10S99 41.3 4.8 25.7
10900 41.6 4.1 27.1
10725 38.9 6.1' 27.2
10126 35.3 7.7 31.8
10727 37.5 6.1 26.S
10724 32.6 9.1 27.4
11002 10.4 7.5 24.5
11003 39.3 5.7 24.2
11001 37.7 5.5 25.8
11005 40.7 6.2 25.2
11006 41.6 5.6 26.7
Morton Co.:
North Dakota 147°o 30.2 8.7 29.8
1416 36.8 5.1 28.2
Perkins Co.:
South Dakota 12488 42.5 9.0 23.2
12453 39.2 8.4 24.7
Texas 1456 34.7 11.2 32.2
" 1507 33.7 7.3 24.3
" 2717 33.9 7.3 27.5
Mean ateebraie error in 19 samples.
Maximum error in 19 samples
topological Survey of Ctiio. 1th series, Bull. 9 (1908),page 2(17
62028 (H — 0/8) plus 1050
Calorific Value:
As Received.
Determined.
P.t.u.
6105
6260
5733
6014
5404
6F 80
6712
5830
627S
6700
6147
5278
6700
7204
5954
6307
705R •
7348
7497
Calculated.
B.t.u.
5785
5974
54fi7
5843
5227
6408
6664
5598
6059
6550
5980
4991
6559
6928
5913
6277
6S49
7155
7204
Difference.
B.t.u.
—320
—286
—266
—171
—177
--172
—48
232
—219
—150
—167
—287
—141
—276
—41
—30
—207
—193
293
. . —7.4
. . —11.0
3.
Error
in
Calculated
Calorific
value.
%
—5.2
—4 6
—4.7
—2.8
—3.3
—2.6
—.7
—4.0
—3.5
—2.3
—2.7
—5 4
—2.1
—3.9
—.7
—.5
—2.9
—2 6
—3.9
—3.1
—5.4

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
Calorific value In B.t.u. per pound — 14544 C plus 62028 (H — 0/8) plus 4050 S.
Lab.
Description. No.
Sub-Bituminous Coal, Rocky
Mountain Field—Colorado:
El Paso Co 10732
12099
10741
Wyoming:
Converse Co 11048
10775
10740
Fremont Co 10843
10842
Johnson Co '1059
10827
Sheridan Co 10810
10811
10825
10826
10S22
12005
12008
12006
Sweetwater Co 11510
11400
Proximate Ana lysis:
Moisture.
%
31.1
26.2
33.7
28.1
27.7
27.9
20.9
21.1
16.8
23.5
22.7
24.7
22.6
22.1
23.5
22.3
23.1
23.4
16.3
13.1
As Rec eived.
Ash.
%
13.9
6.5
18.2
4.6
10.0
8.3
3.7
5.8
15.0
5.2
3.4
3.7
4.6
4.4
49
3.7
3.2
3.6
2.1
3.4
in 2 Osai nples..-.
Maximum negative error rror
Maximum positive error
Volatile
Matter.
%
26.0
29.7
23.5
31.6
26.7
27.1
32.0
31.1
31.4
35.6
32.2
31.8
32.5
32.4
31.2
35.0
31.9
32.6
34.9
35.8
Calorific value in B.t.u. per pound = 145-11 C plus
Proxirm '.te Analysis:
As Received.
Description.
Lab.
No. Moisture.
Bituminous Coal—Rocky Mt. Fiell 1: %
Canada, Alberta 14SS3 10.6
14882 9.8
13177 6.5
2.0
12737
Colorado:
La Plata Co 14775
14772
Fremont Co 13395
Las Animas Co 13364
13254
13253
New Mexico:
Colfax Co 13367
12235
12338
Utah:
Carbon Co 10906
10909
Oregon 12S25
12824
Washington:
Kittitas Co 11525
11526
Wyoming:
Uinta Co 11565
Maximum negative ei
Maximum iiositiveor
7.1
3.0
10.3
3.3
5.4
6.3
5.6
3.3
3.6
7.5
5.7
3.3
2.5
3.9
3.8
5.7
in 20 sam
Ash.
%
16.7
6.8
16.2
17.6
5.9
6.9
5.5
15.6
8.6
14.1
13.2
12.3
12.0
5.6
7.0
7.2
8.6
12.6
11.5
5.3
Volatile
Matter.
%
36.1
40.2
34.5
27.4
38.1
34.8
38 3
32.0
33.0
30.2
35.8
35.7
26.1
39.7
40.8
40.3
37.3
37.0
37.7
37.7
Determined.
B.t.u.
6199
8352
5506
8350
7808
7927
9781
9463
8480
9050
9344
9007
9218
9256
9121
9617
9184
9392
11153
11619
Calorific Value:
As Reci shed.
Calculated.
B.tu.
6237
8114
5542
8957
7763
8001
9673
9293
8440
8719
9221
8852
9131
8978
S935
9364
9302
9259
11086
11576
Difference.
B.t.u.
38
—238
30
—293
—45
74
—108
—170
—40
—331
—123
—155
—187
—278
—186
— 253
—182
—123
—67
—43
02028 (H — 0/8) plus 4050
Calorific Value:
Determined.
B.t.u.
9819
11412
10737
12208
12672
13714
11416
12357
13237
12145
12019
12757
12623
12521
12647
12640
13C39
12434
12762
125SO
As Received.
Calculated.
B.t.u.
9828
11385
10582
12166
12649
13853
11230
12175
13176
12121
12015
12773
12580
12523
12605
12597
13070
12546
12840
12451
Difference.
B.t.u.
o
—27
—155
—42
--23
139
—186
—182
—61
—24
—4
16
—43
O
—42
—43
—31
112
7S
—129
Error
in
Calculated
Calorific
value.
%
.6
—2.8
.7
—3.5
—.6
.9
—1.1
—1.8
—.5
—3.8
—1.3
—1.7
—2.0
—3.0
—2.0
—2.6
—1.9
—1.4
—.4
—.4
. . . —1.4
3 8
S.
Error
in
Calculated
Calorific
value.
%
.1
—.2
—.1.4
—.4
0
1.0
—1.6
—1.4
—.5
—.2
0
.1
—,3
0
—.3
—.3
—.2
.9
.6
—1.0
. . . —.3
1.6
1.0

36
Bureau Co.:
Bed No. 2
Clinton Co.:
Bed No. 6
Randolph Co.:
Bed No. 6
St. Clair Co.:
Montgomery Co.:
Sangamon Co.:
Madison Co.:
Bed No. 6
Williamson Co.:
Bed No. 6
Franklin Co.:
Bed No. 6
,,
Fulton Co.:
Calorific va lue in B.t.u.
Lab.
Description.
No. Moisture.
Bituminous Coal, llli ncis Field: %
Grundy Co.:
14926 6.9
La Salle Co.:
Bed No 2.
14923
. . . 14922
5.1
6.8
....
14921
1.4712
14711
14710
14709
14708
14706
14704
14703
14702
14701
14700
14099
14G97
. .. 14696
14695
14694
14692
14691
14690
146S8
14687
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
per pound = 11544 C plus
Proximate Analysis:
Air Dried.
5.2
8.4
7.8
5.8
5.3
6.6
4.5
6.2
5.9
8.4
7.9
9.0
2.0
5.3
S.S
6.8
7.2
5.3
6.4
4.6
4.5
5.7
Ash
%
0.0
9.7
9.5
9.5
10.3
10.7
12.1
11.6
10.6
10.7
11.7
10.2
10.8
9.1
10.5
11.0
8.7
8.1
7.4
9..,
10.8
7.9
13.2
12.9
12.0
Mean algebraic error in 30 samples.
Maximum negative error
Maximum positive error
Volatile
Matter.
%
40.00
11.9
41.0
40.1
37.5
38.5
38.9
41.1
41.4
42.3
39.9
40.7
39.6
40.7
40.2
40.2
on O
Ol.O
33.9
34.9
33.0
35.4
34.5
40.0
39.1
3S.7
Calorific value in B.t.u per pound = 14544 C plus
Proximate Analysis.
As Received.
Description.
Lab.
No. Moil ?ture.
Bituminous Coal, Apallachian Field:
Pennsylvania, Allegheny Co.:
%
Pittsburgh Bed
Westmoreland Co.:
14879
14855
14849
13389
12579
12578
12577
12576
12574
12573
12572
3.3
2.7
1.9
2.4
2.7
3.4
3.2
2.9
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.5
Pittsburgh Bed 12853
West Virginia, Marshall Co.:
Pittsburgh Bed 14488
Kentucky, Bed No. 9 13260
3.4
3.1
Volatile
Ash. Matter.
% %
6.4
5.6
5.1
4.7
14.9
5.3
8.5
5.6
5.4
5.8
5.7
10.4
7.0
7.6
36.2
37.2
37.0
36.7
34.9
35.9
34.6
37.0
37.7
36.8
36.2
30.3
41.6
37.8
6202S (H — O/S) plus 4050
Calorific Value:
Determined.
B.t.u.
12290
12092
11S0S
1207S
11313
11324
11399
11700
11637
11923
11534
11691
11122
11527
11164
11322
12299
12159
12258
11902
11974
12253
11749
11633
11500
Air Dried.
Calculated.
B.t.u.
12206
12139
11732
11974
11302
11363
11376
11531
11529
11878
11493
11905
11137
11515
11084
11201
12164
12049
12094
11893
12163
12256
11936
11321
11657
Difference.
B.t.u.
—84
47
—76
—104
—11
39
—23
—169
—108
—45
—41
204
15
—12
—SO
—121
—135
—110
—164
—9
189
0
187
1SS
157
S.
62028 (H — 0/8) plus 4050 S.
Calorific Value.
Determined.
B.t.u.
13619
13820
14008
1405S
12325
13734
13279
13817
13806
1373S
13761
13365
13313
12208
As Received.
Calculated.
B.t.u.
13799
13S29
14159
13999
12323
13777
13322
13921
13925
13705
13S89
13450
13279
12191
Difference.
Bt.ii.
180
9
151
—59
•>
43
43
104
119
—33
128
85
—34
Error
in
Calculated
Calorific
value.
%
.4
—.6
—.9
— 1
.3
.—2
—1.4
—.9
—.4
—.4
1.7
.1
—.1
— 7
—1.0
—1.1
—.9
—1.3
.1
1.5
0
16
1.6
1.4
-1.1
1.4
1.7
Error
in
Calculated
Calorific
Value.
%
1.3
.1
1.1
—.4
0
—.3
.9
—.3
—.1

Tennessee:
Anderson Co
•'
"
*•
it
Alabama:
Shelbv Co
"
»
•<
Walker Co
«
"
"
"
•»
"
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
Maximum ne gative error in 30 samples.
Maximum po sitive error in 30
Calorific value in B.t.u. per pound = 145 14 C plus 02023 (H — 0/8) plus 4050 S.
Description.
Semi-Bituminous Coal.
Cambria Co.:
"B" Bed
••
"C" Bed
Clearfield Co.:
"B" Bed
Mercer Co.:
McDowell Co.:
Beckley Bed
„
«
Raleigh Co.:
,1
tt
tt
Fayette Co.:
11
13290
13265
13264
13238
13237
13466
13465
13464
13463
13462
13461
13460
13459
13187
13186
13185
Lab.
No.
Appalachian Field:
Pennsylvania. Cambria Co.:
"B" Bed
. 14243
. 12377
tt
. 12376
<
. 12375
II
. 12374
Indiana Co., "K" Bed . . . 12.373
. 12372
12371
. 12370
. 12369
. 12368
. 12367
West Virginia. McDowell Co.:
Pocahontas Bed
14424
. 14420
II
. 14399
.t
14282
ti
. 14276
14260
14237
14472
14430
14408
. 14269
14291
14309
14317
. 14318
14404
14362
14345
1.9
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.6
3.9
5.8
2.6
2.1
3.8
3.0
4.6
3.7
1.1
1.0
2.0
8.6
9.2
10.1
11.5
6.6
7.5
6.5
4.9
4.0
9.4
9.1
13.2
9.3
16.1
4.9
5.0
As Received.
Proximate Analysis.
Moisture
%
2.7
.8
,S
.8
.8
1.0
.8
.8
.9
.9
.8
.9
2.0
1.6
2.8
4.2
3.8
3.1
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.2
2.3
o.o
2.2
3.3
3.7
Ash.
%
4.6
6.7
9.4
6.3
6.1
9.1
7.2
9.1
6.7
8.9
10.9
9.0
6.8
5.9
4.6
3.2
3.2
3.9
3.7
8.9
8 2
8.1
11.1
4.3
3.5
3.3
2.9
3.0 3.1
3.0 3.8
2.9 2.3
Mean algebr aie erroi
Maximum negative error in 3C samples.
35.0
35.9
35.0
33.0
35.4
35.1
34.0
55.4
36.5
37.7
39.7
35.9
37.9
26.4
29.8
35.5
Volatile
Matter.
%
18.1
20.4
21.4
20.8
20.0
26.1
22.9
23.9
23.1
18.4
20.4
21.6
17.8
18.0
17.7
18.6
18.3
18.2
17.0
17.3
17.2
16.4
16.S
19.0
17.2
17.4
17.2
25.7
28.0
25.6
13777
13615
13462
13151
14047
13343
13298
14202
14447
12895
13118
12056
12992
12793
14647
13997
14560
14549
14022
14531
14605
13945
14443
14040
14485
14081
13734
14060
14324
14508
14573
14629
14690
14088
14729
13952
14006
14006
13514
14519
14738
14704
11668
14605
14423
14796
13S62
13534
13559
13250
14011
13370
13408
14067
14225
12841
13279
12204
12946
12825
14742
13968
14645
14537
14207
14683
14688
14038
14575
14116
14575
14157
13S76
14198
14504
14598
14663
14551
14791
14823
14S48
14058
14137
14017
13727
14627
14855
14839
14S16
14717
14512
14854
85
—81
97
99
—36
27
110
—136
—222
—54
161
148
—46
32
95
—19
As Received.
Calorific Va lue.
,
DeterCalcuDiffermined.lated.ence. B.t.u. B.t.u. ' B.t.u.
85
—12
185
152
83
93
132
76
90
76
42
138
ISO
90
90
—78
101
135
19
106
131
11
213
10S
117
135
148
112
89
58
.6
—.6
.7
.7
—.3
.2
.8
—.9
—1.5
—.4
1.2
1.2
—.4
.2
.7
—.1
.2
1.5
13
in
Error
Calculated
Calorific
Value.
%
.6
—.1
1.3
1.0
.6
.7
.9
.5
.6
.5
.5
1.0
1.3
.6
.6
—.5
.7
.9
.1
.8
.9
.1
1.6
.7
.S
.9
1.0
.8
.6
.4
.7
... . .5

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Calorific value in B.t.u. 62028 (H — 0/8) plus 40505 S.
Proxir aate Ana lysis.
Calorific Va Die.
Error
Calculated
Descrii ition.
Anthracite:
Pennsylvan ia
(J
Lab.
No. Mo isture.
%
14705 4.0
14764 3.9
. . . 14763 4.9
14762 3.2
. . . 14761 3.2
Volatile
Ash. Matter.
% %
12.2 8.9
14.7 8.5
15.4 9.5
16.4 8.0
11.5 9.3
Determined.
B.t.u.
12591
12179
11954
11939
12971
Calculated.
B.t.u.
12555
12231
12047
12020
13043
Difference.
B.tu.
—36
52
93
81
72
Calorific
Value.
%
—.3
.4
.8
.7
.6
14760 1.6 19.7 12.2 11929 12001 72
.6
14759 .9 1S.S 12.1 12227 12416 189
1.5
... 14758 3.8 18.4 7.1 J JLOOO 11392 59
.5
II
..
"
... 14757
... 14720
14719
1.7
2.0
2.7
17.6
17.9
19.7
10.7
S.l
8.4
12136
11873
11578
12238
11920
11662
102
47
84
.8
.4
.7
..
. . . 11718
. . . 14520
3.1
3.0
16.2
15.1
8.9
6.4
11916
12038
11990
12125
74
87
.6
.7
14209 3.8 17.1 S.2 11781 11777 —4
0
14208 3.0 14.4 7.2 12137 12222 S5
.7
Pennsylvania:
Sullivan Co
•i
•t
a
9664
... 9065
.. . 9652
... 9653
. . . 9654
Mean algebraic error ii> 20 san lples.. ..
Maximum negative ei n'or in 20 samples.
Maximum positive er ror in 20 samples.
((
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.4
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS
11.9
11.5
11.7
13.1
15.C
9.1
S.5
9.3
9.2
8.4
13072
13156
13120
12836
13497
30N1 UNITED IN THE ISSUE OF FEU. 1)
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, by Joseph M. Nesbit,
Patent Attorney, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa..
from whom printed copies may be procured for 15
cents:
Coke oven door, W. W. MacFarren, Pittsburgh;
1,045,864.
Mine car wheel, W. C. Schade, Cherry Tree, Pa.;
1,046,893.
Automatic car stopper, C. A. Straw, Lansford,
Pa.; 1,046,345.
Mine post, R. H. Weber, Athens, O.; 1,046,517.
Anchor, E. R. Merrill, Columbus, O., assignor to
The Jeffrey Manufacturing Co.; 1,047,267.
Horizontal coke oven, Edmund Hohann, Stettin,
Germany; 1,047,635.
Mine car wheel, Thomas Haulton, Belle Vernon;
1,047,805.
Method of manufacturing and purifying coke,
W. S. Simpson; 1,047,845.
Mine car, William Lloyd, Drifton, Pa.; 1,047,891.
Handle fastening for picks and oilier tools, E. L.
Ray, Agency, Iowa; 1,048,096.
Mining car, L. G. Helmick, Fairmont, W. Va.;
1,048,309.
Coaling system, D. A. Lee, Centerville, Iowa;
1,048,325.
13212
13273
13221
12870
12569
140
117
101
34
72
1.1
.9
.8
.3
.6
6
3
1.5
Mr. James M. Laing, aged 43, a coal operator
in the New River, Kanawha and Elk River districts
of W. Va., and brother of Mr. John Laing,
head of the West Virginia state department of
mines, was instantly killed at Berlin, on Cabin
Creek, recently, when runaway cars on the incline
caught him. Mr. Laing was born in Scotland
but came to the New River district with
his parents when a mere boy and began work
in the mines as a topper, educated himself at
night, finally becoming a superintendent and then
an owner of mines. When he and his brothers
disposed of their interests near Thurmond to the
Guggenheims, they opened up new mines. He
is survived by his widow and a family.
Mr. John Bowers, of Moosic, Pa., aged 63, district
superintendent for the D. & H. Coal
Co. in that section, died January 6. Mr.
Bowers is survived by one son, Dr. Walter G.
Bowers; one daughter, Mrs. H. G. Roberts, of
Scranton; one brother, William Bowers, of Carbondale,
and one sister, Miss Isabelle Bowers, also
of Carbondale, and one grandchild, W. G. Bowers,
Jr.
The directors of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. have
declared a dividend of 114 per cent, on the preferred
shares, payable on Jan. 25.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 30
THE SUCCESSFUL MINE FOREMAN FROM FOUR VIEW POINTS*
By H. L niViers. Manager Northeast Coal Co.. Paintsville. Ky.
At the close of a successful or unsuccessful
year's business, too often we turn to, and begin
the analyzation of an inventory composed of
numerous items and figures representing so many
dollars, together with a statement of business
transacted; and ask the question, what commodities
have we exchanged for dollars and cents,
and in what amount, that have brought to us
either profit or loss (as the case may be); and
from such figures and statements, begin to formulate
plans that shall guide us in our next year's
undertakings; omitting or overlooking perhaps
the most important factor—to what extent has
personal equasion entered into the results of the
past year's work.
A successful year's business in dollars and
cents, is purely a mathematical calculation, but
it is not conclusive as to mining; for there enters
into the operation of a coal mine, considerations
other than dollars and cents, which may
affect its future profit paying existence. Such
considerations are organization, equipment and
mine condition. In these, we find pronounced the
individual equation of tbe successful or unsuccessful
Mine Foreman, which may be viewed from
four points, namely: Miner, Foreman, Engineer
and Mine Manager; from which view points, the
writer has had the privilege of observing, and
in a brief way wishes to discuss.
First—View Point of Miner:
The successful Mine Foreman is he who,
through truth and honest dealings, has won the
respect and confidence of his men—they knowing
that their welfare, financial interests and
personal safety are his daily concern—giving a
just remuneration for labor expended, discerning
what is right between fellow workmen and so
adjudging, and in so governing, bringing about
a complete organization properly disciplined in
rules of safety, personal rights and just remuneration
that creates conditions and an atmosphere
that one appreciates and will desire to
abide in.
Second—View Point of Mine Foreman:
To be successful, one conceives the idea that
he must excel his predecessor in certain things
and jumps at an increased tonnage with the expectation
in so doing, to create a lower cost sheet,
which he hopes will be the proper road to the
desired end.
The two features, or shall I say facts, just mentioned,
if obtained, are only the apparent results
of success, and to find success, we must look for
*Paper read before the Kentucky Mining Institute. Lexington.
Ky., December 11, 1912.
_ _J
the forces which create or bring it about. Primarily,
we can say it is due to the man on the job,
with mind and body from start to finish of the
day's work, hearing the needs of this and that
party, seeing that they are satisfied, adjusting
another's complaint, filling here and there a vacancy,
seeing that each party performs his allotted
duty, and thereby making it possible to
procure maximum results from the entire operating
body; eliminating through eternal care and
vigilance the unnecessary expense due to waste
of material, unnecessary yardage cost; the moving
of material that in a few days will require
moving again, and when making an improvement,
having it made in keeping with the time and extent
to which it will be used; bearing in mind
that the rank and file are practically what their
leader is. He should be a man with a clear conception
of justice, few words, kind but positive,
always open for counsel, and these with an unlimited
power to do, should bring the reward of
success.
The successful Mine Foreman, from an Engineer's
view point, is one who keeps in mind
a plan whereby his mine will be most completely
exhausted and who can forbear the temptation
of procuring a few tons todav, that a condition
of safety may be maintained and a cheaper tonnage
procured in the future; one who realizes
that straight and well kept entries, mean a good
road and easy transportation of coal over same;
rooms well timbered with no waste of caps and
posts due to over-timbering or being left in the
gob. Giving greater attention to that part of the
work about exhausted and possibly hardest to
visit, such as long rooms, pillar drawing, low and
wet places, in which places valuable unused material
may be left to rust and decay, or be covered
up, in place of being recovered, and put
into use again, thereby temporarily stopping tbe
inflow of unnecessary new material when old and
unused will do as well. Above all, avoiding the
unnecessary expenditure of money in blasting
roof and making haulways, thus averting loss to
his company and embarrassment to himself later
by finding that had more thought and broader
judgment been exercised, a more desirable and
much cheaper way could have been opened. In
short, letting the day's work be such that it will
be the best for the complete exhaustion of the
entire boundary and not for a one day's tonnage;
availing himself of every opportunity to use a
mechanical device of small cost, to eliminate a
fixed charge that would in a short time over
pay for the piece of machinery. Always main-

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
taining good roads and air ways, and when possible
taking advantage of gravity in movement
of loads.
That of Manager:
From this point of view, there enters more
than from any other, the question of safety, harmony
and finances, and very often (or shall 1
say always) the pronounced personality of the
Mine Foreman, which should hold in a staple
condition these three great essentials necessary
for the life and success of any business. Here,
in the Ideal, we look for the Foreman to be a
leader, broad minded, just, sober, honest and industrious,
with a clear conception of right and
wrong between employer an demployees. A
Leader, that he may lead and have the respect
of his men, broad minded enough to overlook
the personal peculiarities of employee, so long
as they do not affect the above mentioned essentials.
Just, that he may deal justly between men
and employer; sober, honest and industrious, that
he may ask from his men only that which he
possesses and practices himself, as "like begets
like." Having at heart these attributes and principles,
we may look for them to go down the line
with beneficial results.
Conversely:
The many failures of Mine Foremen, and with
them Mining Companies, can be traced to scrap
heaps, waste material, tailings, culm dumps, rust
and decay of machinery and material, personal
neglect, avoidable accidents and breakdowns, nonpunctuality
and willful absence. Then the increased
expenditure of money overcoming Nature's
difficulties encountered in the ordinary
mining proposition of today.
There were 60,715 acres of government eoal lands
remaining in Arkansas Dec. 1. 1912. The lands
are valued at $1,473,762, while the valuation at the
minimum priec is fixed at $1,214,280.
Chge.
No.
6—A
6—B
6—C
6—D
6—E
6—G
6—1
6—2
6—3
6—4
6—5
6—6
6—7
6—8
The result of the vote for officers of the Mine
Workers of the Pittsburgh or No. 5 district was:
President, Van Bittner; vice president, Charles
Pritchard; secretary-treasurer, Robert Wood; international
board member, Philip Murray; members
of the district executive board: First district,
F. P. Han way; second, James Charleton;
third, William Hargest; fourth, Timothy O'Leary;
fifth, Sidney Davis; sixth, William Teare; auditor,
Michael Dooley; tellers, Michael Marraccini,
James Oats and John F. Schneider.
Semi-official information shows that the Illinois
Mine Workers have elected these officers:
President, John Pope, of Belleville; vice president,
Robert Osborn, of Coal City; secretarytreasurer,
Duncan McDonald; international board
member, Frank Farrington; district board members,
Frank Thomas, Westville; Dan Clarke,
Springfield; William Hulton, Carbon Hill; George
Helmer, Seatonville; Biram Essex, Canton; Frank
Hefferly, Collinsville; John YVachter, Belleville;
C. E. Childers, Benton; John Tuttle, Dorrisville.
The following officers have been elected by the
Mine Workers of the Fifth Ohio sub-district:
President, C. J. Albasin; vice president, William
Ray; secretary-treasurer, William Applegarth;
executive board, south end, Steve Herink and
Frank Woody; north end, Stephen Williams.
Striking miners in the Paint and Cabin Creek
districts of West Virginia have been doing considerable
rioting since the troops have been recalled
to their home station and martial law has
been revoked.
Illinois United Mine W'orkers have voted almost
overwhelmingly against a donation to aid
the convicted Structural Iron Workers officials.
ASSIGNMENT OF PERSONNEL ON MINE SAFETY CARS AND STATIONS.
(Revised to January 6, 1313.)
Car or
Sta. No.
Sta. 1
2
" 3
" 4
" 5
" 6
Car 1
9 "
" 2
" 4
" 5
" 6
" 7
" 8
Headquarters.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Urbana, 111.
Knoxville, Tenn.
McAlester, Okla.
Seattle, Wash.
Birmingh'm, Ala.
Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Denver, Colo.
Evansville. lnd.
Pittsburg, Kan.
Billings, Mont.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Huntingd'n.W.Va.
Ironwood. Mich.
Eng'r in Charge
J. W. Paul
J. J. Rutledge
R. Y. Williams
E. B. Sutton
C. S. Stevenson
O. U. Bradley
E. B. Sutton
Chas. Enzian
J. C. Roberts
H. D. Mason
C. S. Stevenson
O. U. Bradley
J. W. Paul
D. J. Price
Edw. Higgins
Foreman Miner
W.R. Raudenbush
E. B. Sutton
W. T. Burgess
A A. Flynn
J. M. Webb
W. J. German
W. D. Schofield
H. D. Mason
Geo. Salisbury
J. M. Anderson
D. D. Davis
D. J. Price
Edw. Steidle
First Aid Miner
C. O. Roberts
E. J. Lynch
K. H. Chisholm
G. T. Powell
Orr Woodburn
John Boardman
H. H. Woodward
Jesse Henson
Geo. W. Grove

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
COAL PRODUCTION OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1912, AS REVIEWED
BY THE UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY* \
Taken as a whole, the year 1912, in the opinion have enjoyed the somewhat rare experience of
of Edward W. Parker of the United States Geo­ a fat year. The production of anthracite in
logical Survey, will go down into history as one Pennsylvania exhibits a decrease due to the sus­
of the most prosperous the coal-mining industry pension in April and May pending the settlement
has known. The revival in the iron industry has of the wage controversy, but this has been much
stimulated production in the eastern states; more than made up by increased production in
bumper crops of grain and other agricultural nearly all the bituminous districts, so that when
products have made prosperity among the farm­ the final figures are compiled the total producers
in the Middle West; decreasing supplies of tion of coal in the United States will be found
natural gas and fuel oil in the Mid-Continent to approximate if not exceed the unprecedented
field have removed that competition from the figure of 550,000,000 short tons, surpassing the
coal mines of the southwestern states and ma­ previous high record of 1910 by about 10 per
terially increased the demand for coal; railroad cent. But for the decrease in the production of
consumption and activity in nearly all lines of anthracite it would certainly reach that figure.
PRODUCTION OF COAL, 1890-1912, IN" SHORT TOXS. This estimate is based largely on information
1890 157,770,963 tons.
received through correspondence with coal operators
and others familiar with conditions affecting
1900 269,684,027 tons.
the coal-mining industry in the various states, and
1905
1911
392,722,635 tons.
496,221,168 tons.
on records of shipments over some of the more
important coal-carrying roads, published in the
technical press. For the first ten months of 1912
1912 550,000,000 tons (estimated).
the shipments of bituminous coal over the Pennsylvania
Railroad showed an increase of a little
manufacture have been in excess of previous more than 10 per cent., those over the Baltimore
years throughout the country; metal mining in & Ohio increased more than 15 per cent., and
the Rocky mountain states has kept pace with those over the Norfolk & Western about 20 per
improved conditions elsewhere; and the coal men cent. The shipments in November and December
will not show any decrease from these per­
*In the preparation of this review of tlie conditions
affecting the coal-mining industry in 1912
centages. The two "flies in the ointment," as
the following officials have co-operated: Priestley indicated from reports received by Mr. Parker
Toulmin. president Lehigh Coal Co., Birmingham, from correspondents familiar with conditions in
Ala.; Sterling S. Lanier, president Monroe-Warrior the various states, have been
Coal & Coke Co., Birmingham, Ala.; Geo. G. Crawlord,
president Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad
Co,, Birmingham, Ala.; Franklin Bache, President
Bache-Denman Coal Co., Fort Smith, Ark.; Chas.
S. Keith, president Southwestern Interstate Coal
INADEQUATE TEANSPOETATION FACILITIES
and shortage of miners and mine laborers. Transportation
companies have not felt it incumbent
upon them to give preference to the coal mines
Operators' Association, Kansas City, Mo.; A. P. when their cars could be used in the transporta­
Moore, first assistant general sales agent Central tion of the better-paying freight offered by agri­
Coal & Coke Co., Kansas City, Mo.; Carl Scholz,
president Rock Island Coal Mining Co.. Chicago,
111.; G. F. Bartlett, treasurer Victor-American Fuel
Co., Denver, Colo.; B. C. Donk, president Donk
Bros. Coal & Coke Co., St. Louis, Mo.; Erie Martin,
president Continental Coal Corporation, Chattanooga,
Tenn.; Hywel Davies, Louisville, Ky.; A. S.
cultural products. The shortage in labor in the
latter part of the year may be described as acute.
Some operators complain that the advances in
wages have reduced efficiency, some of the workers
being more inclined to acquire a certain
amount of earnings with less hours of labor than
Dunham, general auditor Consolidation Coal Co., to increase their incomes. Moreover, the demand
Baltimore. Md.; J. E. Woodard, general manager for labor in less exacting and more attractive
Roundup Coal Mining Co., Roundup, Mont.; T. H.
O'Brien, general manager Stag Canon Fuel Co.,
Dawson, N. Mex.; J. Van Houten, president St.
Louis, Rocky Mountain & Pacific Co., Baton, N.
Mex.; D. E. Reagan, president Hocking Valley
Products Co., Columbus, Ohio; C. J. Andrews, manager
of sales Sunday Creek Co., Columbus, Omo;
lines of employment has drawn many miners of
the non-professional type from the coal fields.
The final figures for the production of coal in
Maryland in 1912 will not show any material
change from the production in 1911. Demand
for coal was much improved during the last few
J G Purterbaugh. president The McAlester F'uel months of the year, but operators had difficulty
Co McAlester. Okla.; A. H. Armstrong, chief in filling orders owing to the shortage of cars.
Bureau of Anthracite Coal Statistics, Philadelphia.
Pa • M G. Moore, mining engineer Cambria ^teel
Co, Johnstown, Pa.; T. H. Watkins, president Penn­
Building. sylvania Peacock chief Coal sioner Phillips W Walter Y.; Pittsburgh, tion, Va.; W Operators' Spartanburg, engineer Illinois T Coal K. & Coal Neil Chicago, Ray, Kerr, Pa.; Field, Co., & Robinson, Coal Crozer engineer, H. Association, New Coke Ottumwa, president W. S. 111.; Operators' York. C.; Henry, Land Corporation, Henry Clinchfield secretary C. Iowa. N. Association, Pittsburgh L. Charleston, vice Y.; Association, Phillips, Scroggs, John president West New Coal J. Coal president Corpora­ York, Elkhorn, commis­ Virginia W. Lincoln, Fisher Peale, Va.; Co., N.
The approaching exhaustion of the "Maryland Big

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vein," which has been the source of most of the
coal produced in the state, renders any notable
increase in the state's production improbable until
the thinner and lower beds have been extensively
developed.
Southwestern Virginia increased its production
by probably as hign a percentage as that
reached in any other state or district. Some
of the mines in Wise county (the source of more
than 50 per cent, of the state's total) increased
their production over 100 per cent, and most of
the important operations added as much as 25
per cent to their output in 1911. Virginia's production
has increased with annual regularity,
the state being an exception to the generally decreased
production in 1911. The record for 1912
will surpass all others and probably show a tonnage
double that of 190S, when it amounted to
4,260,000 short tons. The supply of eoal cars was
generally fair, but a shortage of coke and boxcar
equipment prevented taking full advantage
of the
BOOM IX THE COKE MARKET
during the latter part of the year. Untrained
labor was scarce on account of the demand for
workmen in other lines. The high prices offered
for spot coal in the latter part of the year enabled
some of the Virginia mines to ship into
territory not normally their own against freight
differentials as high as 25 cents per short ton.
In spite of the labor troubles that have kept
the coal mines of Paint and Cabin creeks, in the
Kanawha district, prominently before the public
for the greater part of the year, the production
of West Virginia has exceeded all previous records
by a substantial margin. The Kanawha district
as a whole produces over 10 per cent, of
the state's total, and while the idleness due to
the strike has benefited competing fields in Ohio
and Pennsylvania that ship to river and lake
points, the total production in West Virginia has
probably not been affected more than 3 or 4 per
cent, by the strike, and the decrease has been
more than made up by increased activity in other
districts. In the Pocahontas, Tug River, and
Kenova districts, served by the Norfolk & Western
Railway, the shipments indicate an increase
of about 20 per cent, for the year. During the
first six months of the year the limiting factor
in output was the market, but from July to December
the limiting factors were supplies of cars
and labor. Owing to the lack of cars none of the
larger shippers was able to supply full tonnage
on regular contracts. Coke production in the
Pocahontas field shows a decided falling off, compared
with 1910 or 1909. This was due to the
light demand and low prices which prevailed for
the first six months of the year and to the scarcity
of coke-yard labor when demand and prices
improved. The quantity of West Virginia coal
made into coke, however, increased, as the larger
part of the increased production of coke at South
Chicago and Joliet, 111., and Gary, lnd., was made
from West Virginia coal. New developments are
under way on the upper part of Paint Creek and
portions of Coal and Guyandotte rivers, some
shipments having been made from these new
plants in 1912. On November 7, 1912, a contract
entered into by the Montour Railroad and the^
Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad, which may restrict
the shipment of West Virginia coals to
Lake Erie markets in 1913, was filed with the
Interstate Commerce Commission and may have a
MARKED INFLUENCE OX THE MARKETS
in 1913. This contract gives to a group of Pennsylvania
mines a rate of 71.7 cents per ton to
Conneaut Harbor. As the rate from northern
West Virginia (Fairmont district) is 88 cents
and from the Kanawha (Chesapeake & Ohio Railway)
and Thacker (Norfolk & Western Railroad)
districts 95 cents, the difference against the West
Virginia coal approaches prohibition. The increased
demand for West Virginia coals for byproduct
ovens, however, will possibly offset a
part of the losses in lake shipments. It is anticipated
that the large operations which are beginning
shipments from eastern Kentucky will
become formidable competitors with southern
West Virginia coals. The production from this
new district promises to amount to between
3,000,000 and 4,000,000 tons in 1913. The larger
part of the coal handled by the Baltimore & Ohio
Railroad conies fiom the mines of northern West
Virginia. These shipments during the first ten
months of 1912 showed an increase of 15 per cent.
over 1911; the percentage of increase during the
whole twelve months will probably be a little
over that of the first ten.
Mr. John Laing, chief of the Department of
Mines, at Charleston. W. Va., reports that the output
of the state in the year ended June 30, 1912,
amounted to 66,731,587 short tons, which was an
increase of about 6,250,000 tons over the tonnage
of the fiscal year 1911, and nearly 7,000,000 tons
over the production in the calendar year 1911
as reported to the United States Geological Survey.
The increase in the fiscal year 1912 over
the fiscal year 1911 was about 10.25 per cent.
Returns of the production of coal from the
Rocky Mountain districts indicate that, taken as
a whole, the year 1912 may be classed as fair.
Cold weather in the first three months of the year
was of material benefit in exhausting winter
stocks, but with the advent of warm weather the
demand, not only for domestic use, but for railroads
and other commercial purposes, fell off
sharply. Dullness was
THE CHIEF FEATURE
until September, when the bountiful crops and
general prosperity created an improved condition

in the coal trade, although prices did not advance
as rapidly as operators desired nor reach the
level obtained in 1911. The states in this region
are not important factors in the iron trade, and
the revival in that industry was not so pronounced
in its effect upon coal mining in the
western states as it was east of the Mississippi
river. The same deficiencies in labor and car
supply that influenced production in the east were
the cause of complaint in Colorado. A telegraphic
communication from Mr. G. F. Bartlett. of Denver,
states that reports to the state mine inspector
show a production of 9,790,464 tons for 11 months.
Estimating the output for December at 1,152,689
tons, the total production for the year is placed
at 10,943,153 tons, or about 800,000 tons over 1911.
In New Mexico the car supply was generally good,
but the labor supply was possibly 15 to 20 per
cent, short, many of the miners having left for
the Balkan war. In Montana, on the contrary,
the high scale of wages appears to have attracted
labor to the coal mines, and there was a plentiful
supply. Nor were the Montana mines seriously
hampered by protracted car shortage. The constantly
increasing development of hydro-electric
plants in Montana is curtailing steam consumption,
but the influx of settlers and general agricultural
prosperity in the state and in other
states in the Northwest to which Montana coal
is shipped have increased the consumption of coal
made in 1910. In Utah the revival of the iron
for domestic purposes. No comments on the situation
in Wyoming have been received, but as
that state has shared in the prevailing improvement,
the production of coal in 1912 is expected
to show as high a figure as that of the record
trade has not exerted any influence on coal production.
The metalliferous mines and industries
generally throughout the state have, however,
been prosperous, and notwithstanding the increase
of oil consumption in some of the territory
reached by Utah coal—more particularly California
and western Nevada—the consumption of
coal from Utah mines has increased. The actual
tonnage of some of the larger mines for 11 months
and estimates for December indicate that Utah's
production will show an increase of 15 to 20 per
cent, of 1911. The car supply during the last
half of the year has not been all that could be
desired, but it
WAS NOT WORSE
than for several years past. The Denver & Rio
Grande Railroad, over which most of Utah's coal
product is shipped, is making extensive improvements
and adding materially to its car supply,
so that it is believed that there will be no complaints
about shortage of car supply or other inadequate
railway facilities in the immediate future.
The labor supply has been reduced by the
return of many mine workers to their European
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
homes because of the Balkan war, but even aside
from that the supply has been less than for the
last three or four years. The markets supplied
from Utah coal mines during the past year have
been extended rather than restricted, shipments
of Utah coal to California and the Northwestern
states having had a healthy increase. The demand
for coke has been good throughout the year,
owing to the prosperity of the mining and smelting
industries, especially copper. During the last
of the year there was difficulty in securing a
sufficient supply of coke cars, and the coke busi
ness has suffered more than the coal, in consequence.
The dominating factor in the coal production
of the Pacific coast states is still the heavy production
of California petroleum which is used for
steam fuel to the almost entire exclusion of coal.
The production of coal in Washington in 1912
will possibly show a slight increase for domestic
purposes over the output in 1911. In California
and Oregon the production of California oil for
fuel purposes in 1912 was approximately 57,000,-
000 barrels, or more than four times the equivalent
of the total production of coal in the Pacific
coast states.
Notwithstanding the two-months' shut down in
the coal mines of Illinois in April and May, 1912,
pending the adjustment of the wage agreement,
the production of coal in the state during 1912
will show an increase of about 10 per cent, over
1911. The favorable crop conditions caused an
increased demand for coal, both for railroad and
domestic fuel. This resulted in unusual activity
at the mines during the last four months of the
year, in spite of the exceptionally warm weather
prevailing for that season and the small quantity
of coal required for heating. The car shortage
in the last third of the year was not an unmixed
evil, for while at times annoying, it did
not materially curtail the output and
REACTED I1EXEF1CIALLY
in enabling operators to obtain generally higher
prices. If cars sufficient to meet all requirements
for the full operation of the mines had been furnished
in September and October, orders would
have diminished considerably, as many consumers
and dealers place duplicate orders with different
producers in times of scarcity. As it was,
with 60 per cent, or less of maximum mining
time the supply was kept, by force of circumstances
and not by intent, just below the requirements,
a situation which naturally helps to maintain
a stiff market. The shortage of anthracite
in the east has indirectly benefited the bituminous
trade in Illinois. Labor has been short, particularly
in the latter part of the year.
Official estimates of the production of coal in
Ohio indicate a heavy increase over the 1911
output. The principal influences which affected

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the coal-mining industry in Ohio in 1912 were
the big farm crops, a general increase in manufacturing,
and the labor troubles in the Cabin
Creek and Paint Creek districts of West Virginia.
Ohio is one of the foremost manufacturing states.
It ranks fifth in the total value of its manufactures,
and second in the output of manufactured
iron and steel. Some of its coal is used raw in
the blast furnaces, though usually mixed with
coke. The revival in the iron trade has accordingly
stimulated Ohio coal production; the troubles
in the Kanawha field of West Virginia have
reduced the competition for Ohio coal in the
lake trade, and prosperous farmers and communities
dependent upon the farmer have added increased
demand for domestic use. Reports from
Ohio indicate an exception to the general complaint
of shortage in labor, some of the West
Virginia miners having probably (temporarily,
at least) crossed the river into Ohio and helped
the situation in that state. Taking all these favorable
conditions into consideration, Mr. Parker
states that the claims made in some estimates
that the production in 1912 will show an increase
of 35 per cent, may not prove exaggerated. An
increase of between 20 and 30 per cent seems
assured and the
LARGEST OF THE FIGURES
stated would probably be reached but for the
fact that, as in other states, production was
hampered in the last four months of the year
by insufficient car supply.
The coal production of Indiana in 1912 has
reached 15,000,000 tons. The annual report of
the state mine inspector, which covers the fiscal
year ended September 30, states that the production
of coal in Indiana during the last fiscal year
was 14,204,578 short tons, or about 3,000 tons
more than in the calendar year 1911, as reported
to the Geological Survey. As the last three
months of the year were the busiest in the coal
trade it is probable that the production during
the calendar year will show an increase over the
fiscal year, as reported by the mine inspector.
Moreover, the mine inspector's reports do nut include
the output of mines employing less than
10 men, and mines of that class in the aggregate
represent a considerable tonnage. The probability
is that the production of Indiana in the calendar
year 1912 will approximate 15,000,000 short
tons and would probably have reached the high
record of 18,400,000 tons, produced in 1910, but
for the time lost in the weeks of idleness pending
the settlement of the wage scale, and the
time lost at many mines because of local strikes
and car shortage. The state report calls attentiou
to the apparent failing of the supply of block
coal in the state, as indicated by the noticeable
decrease in the production of that grade.
The developments in what is known as the
Elkhorn coal field, in southeastern Kentucky,
which have been actively pushed during the last
two years, are expected to be in full running order
in the spring of 1913, and will swing the
major production of the state from the western
to the eastern district. Up to the present time
the larger part of the production has been derived
from the western counties, and in 1912,
out of an estimated output of 14,000,000 tons, the
western counties have contributed over half, or
say 7,500,000 tons, as compared with 6,500,000
tons from the eastern counties. The whole state
has suffered from car shortage in 1912, but it
was especially felt in western Kentucky, where
in December the car supply on the Louisville &
Nashville Railroad was only 65 per cent, of the
needs, and on the Illinois Central Railroad barely
40 per cent. From April 1 to May 15 an agreed
SUSPENSION OF MINING
occurred in the organized districts of western
Kentucky, which affected about 5,000 men.
Iowa appears to have been an exception to the
general rule, as the reports from that state indicate
that conditions were unfavorable during
the greater part of the year. With the exception
of the first three months, coal mining in Iowa
was not particularly prosperous. The three prosperous
months were January, February and
March, which preceded the shut down on April
1, when mining was actively prosecuted in anticipation
of the scarcity of fuel in the later
spring. W T hen work was resumed shortly before
June 1 it was under unfavorable conditions, as
the miners had been scattered and the cars
usually serving the Iowa coal mines had been diverted
to other lines of traffic. Many of the Iowa
coal mines did not reach their normal capacity
for three or four months after mining was resumed,
and then came the car shortage which was
common to all parts of the country and which
continued to the close of the year. The mines
of Iowa suffered more from car shortage in the
latter part of 1912 than in any time in their history.
The general conditions affecting the coal-mining
industry in any one of the four states of Arkansas,
Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri affect the
other three. The Southwestern Interstate Coal
Operators' Association embraces all four states,
as do the bi-yearly wage contracts. Mr. Charles
S. Keith of Kansas City, president of the operators'
association, estimates the quantity of coal
produced by the members of the association in
the four states at about 13,224,000 tons, and as
the output of the association represents approximately
90 per cent of the total, that total for
1912 would amount to about 14,700,000 tons. In
1911 the four states produced 15,195,866 tons, in-

dicating a decrease in 1912 of 500,000 tons, or
3 per cent. During the last 10 years, so far as
the production of coal is concerned, the southwestern
states have been practically at a standstill,
the increase in industrial development having
been taken care of by oil and gas. From the
coal producers' standpoint the situation in the
southwestern states has materially improved during
the year on account of the diminished supply
of fuel oil and natural gas from the Mid-Continent
field. These fuels (especially oil) have,
in fact, been virtually removed from the steam
trade, and steam users
HAVE RETURNED TO COAL.
During the first three months of 1912 the demand
was heavier than usual because the railroads
were laying up reserve supplies against the
anticipated suspension on April 1, but as a new
contract granting a five and one-half per cent, increase
was signed without a shut down, the demand
during the next three months was relatively
light on account of the stored coal. The grain
and cotton crops in the territory tributary to
this southwestern region were in 1912 the best
in a number of years, and as those crops were
harvested during August and September the demand
for the remainder of the year was unusually
good. Oklahoma and Arkansas have continued
in their efforts to have the mine-rune mining
law repealed, but without success. That method
the operators claim, encourages the reprehensible
practice of solid shooting (Arkansas and Oklahoma
are the worst offenders in the matter) and
should be abolished. Shooting from the solid
can hardly be too strongly condemned. Prolonged
litigation between the corporation commission of
Oklahoma and the railroads has operated to prevent
Oklahoma coal from getting rates formerly
enjoyed which permitted it to compete with
Colorado and New Mexico coals in the western
part of the state. Slight reductions in rates to
south Texas points have been conceded, but they
are still considered too high.
The general belief among those conversant with
the coal-mining situation in Alabama is that the
production in 1912 will approximate 18,000,000
short tons, the largest tonnage in the history of
the state, and an increase over 1911 of about 20
per cent. The increased production may be assigned
almost entirely to the revival and expansion
in the iron trade, though conditions were
generally prosperous in the markets tributary to
the Alabama coal mines. There were no labor
troubles nor suspensions of any note during the
year, but the supply has been short during the
entire twelve months. The car supply in some
parts of the state was good up to the first of
November. In other sections shortage of cars
developed as early as August and
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 46
BECAME AGGRAVATED
to an extreme by the end of October. So bad
did this become in December that in many sections
it was feared that the production would be
50 per cent, less than the capacity. Undaunted
by the present inadequacy of transportation facilities
and the prospect of spreading an already
insufficient supply over extended territory, the
operators are continuing new development and
openings for large output are being made, especially
on the Louisville & Nashville and the
"Frisco" systems, this work being done in anticipation
of an enlarged market upon the completion
of the Panama Canal. One Alabama company
has contracted for 40,000 tons of coke for
shipment to Mexico in 1913 and hopes to secure
a much greater tonnage to that country. Other
contracts already made swell the total sales to
Mexico to about 100,000 tons. The markets for
Alabama products have expanded, particularly in
the last three months of the year, owing to substantial
advances in the prices of New River and
Pocahontas coal and coke. Several large coalwashing
plants have been constructed, and more
are in contemplation, in order to meet the demand
for a better product. This applies especially
to "Big Seam coal." The production for
December will be cut down somewhat by the
destruction by fire of the surface improvements
at the Banner mine, which normally produces a
large tonnage.
Indications are that in Tennessee there will be
little if any variation in the output of coal in
1912, compared with the preceding year. Car
and labor supply, while in a measure unsatisfactory,
has been about on a parity with 1911.
The production of anthracite coal in 1912 is
estimated at 82,400,000 short tons. Mr. A. H.
Armstrong, chief of the Bureau of Anthracite
Statistics, reports to the Geological Survey that
the shipments for the first eleven months of 1912
amounted to 57,666,076 long tons and estimates
that the shipments for December will amount to
6,350,000 long tons, making a total for the year
of approximately 64,000,000 long tons. The
COLLIERY CONSUMPTION
amounts to about 10 per cent, of the total production,
and the local sales to about 2,000,000
long tons, so that the total production for the
year amounted to about 73,500,000 long tons, or
82,400,000 short tons. These figures, compared
with the production of 80,771,488 long tons (90,-
464,067 short tons) in 1911, show a decrease of
7,270,000 long tons (8,140,000 short tons), or 9
per cent. The most important factor affecting
the anthracite industry was the suspension in
April and May, due to the inability of operators
and miners to reach an agreement on the wage
scale. The total shipments for those two months

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
were only 1,695,000 tons, whereas under normal
conditions they should have amounted to 12,000,-
000 tons or more, so that a shortage of about
10,500,000 tons in the supply of anthracite was
created. But for that shortage the production of
anthracite (adding the usual local and colliery
consumption) would have amounted to 85,000,00(1
long tons, or an increase of 5 per cent, over the
high record of 1911. Insufficient car supply materially
hampered trade. Cars for shipments
over connecting roads were exceptionally slow
in returning, and in some instances coal cars had
to be diverted to the shipment of perishable
freight. In the early part of December much fear
was felt that the efforts made to secure the
prompt return of cars, if successful, would be
offset by bad weather. Fortunately, on account
of the exceptionally fine weather of December,
such fears have not been realized.
The final figures of production of bituminous
coal in Pennsylvania for 1912 will show, according
to Mr. Parker, a heavy increase over the 1911
output. Owing to the diverse interests served
by the bituminous coal mines of Pennsylvania.
the industry in that state showed various phases.
The largest percentage of increase was probably
in the Connellsville and other coking regions, the
counties chiefly benefited being Fayette, Westmoreland
and Cambria. Those counties will
probably show a total increase of about 20 per
cent, over 1911. The Clearfield and other sections
shipping to the seaboard will show an increase
of about 8 or 10 per cent., but without
adequate returns to the operators, some of whom
claim that the year was one of the most unsatisfactory
in recent history. This was due to contracts
made in the early part of the year, when
the lack of normal demand in the iron trade
forced upon the commercial coal market the product
of the mines customarily supplying the furnace
and steel mills. Overproduction ruled. Contract
prices for the year's delivery were accordingly
low, and as
PRICES OF LABOR ADVANCED
during the year and the supply of labor grew less,
much of the contract coal disposed of was sold
at less than the cost of production. During
February and March fears of strikes in both hard
and soft coal districts stimulated buying for
stocking purposes. This resulted in the further
unsettling of the market, as prices for spot coal
were about doubled for a few weeks and then
tumbled when the labor disputes were settled
and large accumulations of coal were in the
hands of consumers. In the late summer, when
the country was assured of good crops, the general
revival of business, particularly in the iron
trades, caused an unexpected demand for coal
and coke and prices for spot fuel steadily ad­
vanced. Continued heavy demand is looked for
during the remainder of the present "coal year"
(ending in April, 1913).
In the latter part of the year an unusual feature
developed in that the demand for slack for steaming
purposes became abnormal and a scarcity of
that grade of fuel was produced which sent
prices that had been as low as 30 cents in July
to $1.10 in December. Reports from all parts of
the state indicate that in the first half or twothirds
of the year the car supply was sufficient
for the business offered to the transportation companies.
In the last three or four months it was
entirely inadequate. Complaints of shortage in
the supply of labor were general. Advances in
wages seem not to have relieved but to have
aggravated this feature of the situation. The net
result of the year's business will show an increase
of about 10 per cent., and it may reach 15, in
the production of bituminous coal in Pennsylvania.
At the end of the year western Pennsylvania
was prosperous and busy and all interested
in the bituminous coal trade were looking
forward with confidence to 1913.
J. O. Clark, of Uniontown, Pa., has sold 400
acres of coal in Braxton county, W. Va., to Edwin
Brickell, of Pittsburgh, at a price said to approximate
$40 per acre.
Marcellus A. Joliff, of Fairmont, W. Va., has
purchased from original owners 1,300 acres of
coal near Downs, W. Va., for $100,000.
F. M. Coursin, of Washington, Pa., has optioned
260 acres of coal from the H. H. Clark heirs,
Washington, Pa., at a price said to be $310 per
acre.
David L. Williams, W. S. Lockhart, and Robert
Young, of McDonald, Pa., have purchased 100 acres
of coal at Thomas station. Pa., from the Smith
heirs.
According to statistics to hand, 40 coke oven
plants, employing 3,830 workmen, were at work
in Belgium in 1911. the total output of metallurgical
coke being 3,160,950 tons, an increase of 1.6
per cent, as compared with 1910. This sold at an
average price of 23.26f. per ton. There were also
60 factories manufacturing briquettes in operation,
employing 1,987 workmen and turning out 2,778,-
62U tons cf briquettes, winch sold at an average
price of 17.15f. per ton.
The New York office of the Keystone Coal & Coke
Co., formerly at 10 Broadway, has been moved uptown
and is now located in the Grand Central Terminal
building.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE EARLY DAYS OF THE COAL MINING
INSTITUTE OF AMERICA*
By William Seldon.
It will be remembered by some of you, that
the first mining law for the bituminous region
of Pennsylvania, of any importance, came into
effect on or about June 1, 1885. This legislative
instrument called for the examination of candidates
who aspired to become mine foremen, or
fire bosses. The result of these examinations
sprang what we might justly term a complete
surprise on men who at this time were ambitious
to fill one of the aforementioned positions, as
we will be able fully to recognize as we proceed
with our brief narrative of the early history of
this now prosperous Mining Institute.
For it was at the close of the first fire boss
examination, held in Monongahela (or as that
place was known at the time we speak of, Monongahela
City) in the latter part of November,
1885, that the first ground was broken for the
cultivation of advanced mining, that is, in this
section of Western Pennsylvania, which reminds
one of the old saying, "Large oaks from little
acorns grow." The truthfulness of these words
never were better illustrated than at the present
time as we are able to observe from the intelligent
audience that is here present, 27 years after
. the important event in question.
At the close of the examination mentioned, several
of the candidates, amongst who were your
humble servant, together with the late James
Loutitt, James Blick, the late William West, John
McVicker, Henry Kinlock, the late Malcolm Cockran,
R. B. Drum, the late William J. Mollinson,
Joseph Blower and several others that I, at this
time, fail to remember, held what I might term
a mining caucus, at which
GENERAL DISCUSSION TOOK PLACE
of the problems that had so recently been presented
for a correct solution in order to obtain
a fire boss certificate and which certainly aroused
a deep interest and honest determination to
learn more of what appeared at that time, mysteries
in mining and problems connected therewith.
Now in order to make these transactions clear
and plain to you, I will here state that, while
this fire boss examination was the first held in
the First Bituminous district, and preceded
only by a few weeks similar examinations in
the several bituminous districts in Western
Pennsylvania, the questions presented were by
no means of a simple character.
Taken, as I presume they were, from the mining
text-books of that day, they would compare
"Paper read at the Winter Meeting of the Coal Mining In
stitute of America. Pittsburgh, December. 1912.
favorably with what the candidates of the present
day call knotty problems in mining, and
might further state that the candidates at the
time I have reference to were more heavily handicapped
than those of the present day, arising
from the fact that problems in mining and a
correct solution of the same, as well as the theory
and practice of mining, had not, up to that time,
been so literally discussed as at the present day,
or even a few years later than the time we have
reference to, viz., in the late eighties. The only
available journal or mining paper that treated
on mining subjects in a manner that could be
fairly understood by the rank and file of the
miners, was the Colliery Engineer, afterwards
named and now known as Mines and Minerals.
Not all, but only a small per cent, of the candidates
for the examination in question were readers
at that time of that interesting journal.
Hence we ean better imagine than describe the
consternation awakened when these
CANDIDATES FULLY REALIZED
what was necessary in order to arrive at a correct
solution of the problems that had so recently
been presented.
Here was discovered the dawn of a new era,
an awakening that was bound, if encouraged, to
bring forth an abundance of good by the cultivation
of the mind of those who aspired for improvement
in their daily avocation, and possessed
the ambition to become a successful mine official.
This crude assembly of underground workers
justly arrived at the conclusion that if a position
of fire boss was to be obtained, and held (to say
nothing of the mine foreman's examination, which
at that time had not yet taken place), a course
of study would have to be diligently entered into,
and the old primitive methods governing a successful
mine official position would have to be
entirely eliminated, some of which were, laying
track, hauling coal and water, digging ditch, etc.
Proficiency in these branches, up to this time,
was generally considered a sign of success, that
is, from a coal operator's point of view. As
there were no combines or trusts at this time,
the operator's judgment on the ability and characteristics
as to what constituted a successful
mine foreman or fire boss was seldom or ever
disputed. Such being the prevailing state of affairs
it was no wonder that methods whereby
assistance could be obtained and theoretical
knowledge gained, together with swapping of experiences
were liberally discussed by the persons
assembled as hithertofore mentioned, for they
realized, as never before, the need of at least

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
some rudiments of knowledge of mine ventilation,
mine cases, pumping arrangements and
hauling machinery. To obtain such it was decided,
as a commencement, to form some association
or organization at the meetings of which
subjects directly pertaining to mining and
ITS KINDRED CONNECTIONS
could be liberally presented and intelligently discussed
without the least interruption, and to add
exchange of opinions on the practical experiences,
that most every mine official is liable to and does,
meet in following his daily avocation. Thus it
was reasonably argued that each one participating
in meetings of this nature would render and
at the same time receive valuable assistance that
otherwise could not be obtained. Before adjourning
the meeting I have reference to, a resolution
was passed to meet in the near future at
Monongahela to formulate some plan whereby
the object in view, that of advancement in mining
could be accomplished. Like many other good
resolutions it died before arriving at maturity,
or at least nothing tangible was accomplished.
Examinations took place during the following
year, 1886, at each of which the same feeling of
inability to cope with the questions presented
was prevalent. In the early part of 1887, the
earnestness of these motives become so plain,
and the desire so strong to adopt some system
whereby something could be done that would
have a tendency to relieve what might justly be
termed congested ignorance, your humble servant
took upon himself the responsibility of suggesting
through the columns of the Colliery Engineer,
a meeting of all who were interested in the movement.
As a result of this, together with the influence
and assistance of ex-Mine Inspector Henry
Louttit, is was decided to hold a meeting in Monongahela,
Saturday afternoon, July 9, 1887. At
the appointed time less than a dozen persons
were present. However it was enough to do
business, as the following
COPY OF THE PROCEEDINGS
of that date show:
The minutes of a meeting held in the Council
Chamber, Monongahela City, July 9, 18S7, for the
express purpose of forming a mining institute
for the educational benefit of all interested in
mining.
On motion by Thomas S. Hutchinson, the following
named gentlemen were appointed officers
pro tem: Henry Louttit, president; Henry Kinlock,
vice president; J. L. Watson, treasurer;
William Seddon, secretary.
On motion, which was seconded and duly carried
it was
Resolved, That this Institute be known as the
Western Pennsylvania Mining Institute.
On motion, which was seconded and duly car­
ried, the following resolutions were unanimously
adopted:
1. That each and every member pay the sum
of one dollar ($1.00) as an initiation fee.
2. That the names of persons wishing to become
members be received.
3. That the following named gentlemen: Thos.
S. Hutchinson, Henry Kinlock and William Seddon
be appointed as a committee to prepare an
address, the same to be published in the daily
and weekly papers.
4. That Thomas S. Hutchinson, Henry Naylor,
and John P. Coulter be appointed a committee
on entertainment.
5. That we as members of this institute, respectfully
solicit and earnestly request, that
James Louttit, be present at the next meeting,
and be prepared to
DELIVER AN ADDRESS,
to be responded to by Henry Naylor.
6. That Henry Louttit, procure a blackboard
four feet by eight feet for the use of the institute,
to be paid for out of the treasury.
7. That the secretary procure a minute book
for the use of this institute.
8. That the following named members be installed
as permanent officers, viz.: Thomas S.
Hutchinson, president; Henry Kinlock, vice president;
J. L. Watson, treasurer; William Seddon,
secretary.
9. That Henry Louttit order 200 circulars
printed, and distribute them at his own discretion.
10. That the secretary forward a copy of the
prepared address to the Pittsburgh dailies, the
National Labor Tribune and the Colliery Engineer.
11. That the next meeting of this institute
be held in Monongahela City, Aug. 6, 1S87, commencing
at 1 o'clock, P. M.
The entertaining committee appointed the following
members to address, read an essay or
paper at the meeting to be held Aug. 6, 1887:
Henry Louttit, "Pneumatics"; William Seddon,
"Motive Column"; J. L. Watson, "Underground
Haulage"; Thomas S. Hutchinson, "Mining Engineering";
Reuben Street, "That Carburetted
Hydrogen is Beneficial in a Mine"; Aquilla Underwood,
"The Influence of Atmospheric Pressure
on Mine Workings."
On motion the meeting adjourned.
William Seddon, Secretary.
You will notice that the subjects selected for
the second meeting of this institute, were by no
means lagging behind
THE PRESENT NEEDS
of today, for "pneumatics," is that department
of physical science which treats on the motion
and pressure of air. The "Motive Column" is of

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
no less importance, for it is really a measure of
pressure in force producing the ventilation.
Mechanical underground haulage at that time,
was, in this locality, literally in its infancy and
by no means in an advanced stage in any part
of the bituminous region of Pennsylvania, and
its adoption as a means of improvement over
that of animal power was receiving careful consideration
from every intelligent mining Engineer
and mine manager in the districts we have
reference to. Mining engineering is a subject
that embraces all branches of mining, and a
general discussion on such an intellectual SUDject,
at that time, as it would no less at this
day, merited the attention of all deep thinking
and ambitious mine officials. The subject, "Carburetted
Hydrogen is Beneficial in a Mine," naturally
claims our first attention as being absurd
in the extreme, when we consider it is the paramount
duty of every mine foreman, and fire
boss, to see that such a dangerous element is
entirely removed and no accumulation of the same
allowed to exist. In introducing the subject, the
author's intention was to draw out the opinion
and descriptive methods as to how to control
such a subtle element and at the same time keep
the miner safe. The influence of the atmospheric
pressure on a mine, is no less of an important
subject today than, at that time, 25 years ago,
and just as worthy of our careful attention, as
it did at the time we have reference to.
Now, gentlemen, these subjects presented for
discussion at a time when this institute was in
its swaddling clothes, must impress on you the
fact the earnestness of the promoters of this
intellectual organization, which from its birth
never wavered, or lacked
INTEREST IN THE WELFARE
of those in search of educational benefit which
could be obtained by regular attendance at these
gatherings.
And as we unfold the transactions a quarter
of a century after the birth of the institute we
resurrect the interest taken in the edifying work
by such men as the late James Blick, a man that
most of you knew in life, who received a larger
portion of his education in the school of hard
labor, and obtained his diploma from the college
of experience; one who was never found absent
when opportunities were present for the advancement
of mining. We find that in the early days
of this institute he read a paper before its members
on "The Temperature in Mines, and Its Relation
to Human Life." This subject since that
time has been discussed in nearly every mining
community in the world, and yet a small portion
of it only, intelligently understood.
A paper, "A Sample of What I Have Learned
in My Idle Moments," was read by Thomas
Fowler, a man who, in the early days of this
institute, rendered every assistance possible to
make every meeting a success, and the subject
just mentioned is worthy of emulation by all
of us here present, for if we would endeavor to
keep in touch with our past experiences, the
mistakes we are prone to make would be reduced
to a minimum.
Another important and no less interesting subject
we find was presented while this organization
was yet in its infancy, and is of no less
importance today than at that time time, viz.,
a paper on "Can the River Coal Be Successfully
Worked on the Long Wall System?" It is considered
by many, one of the foremost subjects
in mining that ought to attract the attention of
every
INTELLIGENT MINE OFFICIAL
today, especially since some of our leading mining
engineers have been delegated by the Federal
government to visit the leading mining centers
of Europe.
Another interesting and equally as important
a subject as those previously dealt with was presented;
upon which an almost unlimited amount
of time and labor have been spent and volumes
written: "Is Afterdamp Explosive?" In dealing
with the characteristics of this dangerous element
it must be obvious to all that the object
sought in the presentation of this paper was
pure educational benefit. Nay, we can go further;
it was humane, for how many valuable
lives have been sacrificed owing to the ignorance
of the true characteristics of a pent up mine
atmosphere immediately after a disastrous explosion
of fire damp.
The presentation of such interesting problems
on mining and the difficulties attending the safe
management of a mine to a body of practical
mining men, such as the institute at that time
was composed of, cannot fail to impress you of
the earnestness of the purpose to be accomplished.
Following that paper, which delved down into
the possible dangers and difficulties mine officials
are sometimes called upon to face the records
show that the late Frank T. Hogg, E. M., gave
an interesting and edifying address on his (at
that time) recent visit to the coal mines of
Europe. The lessons learned from personal observation
by such an intelligent mine official as
the late Mr. Hogg, who had so recently visited
the zone that was
PRODUCING LARCE QUANTITIES
of coal from astonishing depths at a time when
the mining industry of this country was suffering
for lack of intellectual interest and the experiences
gained during long years by European
mine officials in wresting the black diamonds
49

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
from the bowels of mother earth, as told to the
members of the institute were certainly pregnant
with valuable information, especially when given
by no less a person than Mr. Hogg.
The subjects dealt with, as just related to you,
were favorably mentioned in the public press,
as well as by the mining journals of that day.
Such being the case it was not at all surprising
these unselfish efforts should attract the attention
of mining men of all classes. As a result,
we find that, when this institute was not more
than five months old, the late William Jenkin,
mine inspector at that time of the Second Bituminous
district addressed the members on the
"Advancement of Mining." At that time the
mining law of '85, only a little over two years
old, was the interesting subject on which the
late J. M. Watt, mine inspector of the Eighth
Bituminous district, delivered an intelligent and
edifying address. The lesson learned from the
latter, no doubt, inspired ex-Mine Inspector Henry
Louttit, at a subsequent meeting, to point out to
the members of the institute, "The Specific Duties
of Mine Superintendents, Mine Foremen and Fire
Bosses." "Lighting of Coal Mines by Electricity,"
a paper prepared and read by John Porter, is
ample evidence of the advanced ideas that at
that time prevailed, and with all the advantages
at hand during the past quarter of a century,
very slow progress in
ASSISTING THE MINERS
in their dark and dangerous occupation has been
made along this line. Yet the spirit of the paper
in question is by no means shorn of the idea involved,
which was better to enable the miner,
while at work, more easily to discover the treacherous
slips, and almost invisible crevices of the
overlying strata under which he is compelled
to earn a living for himself and those dependent
upon him. To the inefficient light supplied to
the miner, can be attributed a large per cent
of the numerous injuries and fatal accidents that
are so prevalent at the present day.
Turning for a short time from the channels
of education that would ultimately lead to the
saving of life, limb and property, we find that
the operators' interest, from a financial point of
view, had by no means been neglected or forgotten,
for we find this question taken up: "If
a room be driven 30 feet wide, and 240 feet deep
in a seam of coal 5 feet in thickness, how many
tons of coal could be expected to be recovered
from the same, assuming the specific gravity to
be 1.25?" No doubt the solution of the question
Inspired Joseph Blower to prepare a paper on
"Stall and Pillar Working," which was read at
a subsequent meeting. No doubt it must be
obvious to some of you, that in many instances
the system of working out coal in the manner
just mentioned far surpasses the primitive custom
(which we cannot reasonably call a system)
of driving 30 foot rooms, leaving the pillars to be
irretrevably lost, even if we are so fortunate
as to drive rooms a distance of 240 feet, maintaining
a width of 30 feet. Whether the discussion
ended in favor of the "Stall and Pillar System"
I am not able to say. Lighting and the advanced
method of
WORKING THE PITTSBURGH SEAM
the safety of the miner and the protection of
mining properties in general, evidently aroused
the inquisitiveness of the members of the institute,
for we find that at a meeting held Nov. 26,
1S87, a committee was appointed to test safety
lamps, with a view of ascertaining which was
the most sensitive in the presence of an inflammable
mixture of gas and air. The committee
appointed to conduct this interesting experiment
was William Seddon, James Louttit, Matthew
Creevy, Henry Louttit, the late William J. Mollinson,
and the late Malcolm Cockran. I wish
to inform you gentlemen, in behalf of that committee,
that we lacked the elaborate arrangements
at the present time installed in the
Bureau of Mines; neither had we an extensive
number of different types of lamps, the inventors,
or builders of which would if allowed, make you
believe that so far as safety is concerned they
had it cornered equally as tight as ever "Old
Hutchy" had the Chicago wheat market.
At that time we had only in general use the
old un-bonneted Clanny, and the famous Davy,
and we had no elaborate arrangements to make
the test, but, owing to the fact at that time we
were not at all troubled with air-currents traveling
at high velocities, we ignored (through
ignorance) that important test of passing the
flame, the object being actually to determine the
sensitiveness and behavior of the lamps in question,
in the presence of small accumulations of
gas, such as a fire boss was apt to meet with
in his early morning rounds before admitting the
workmen for the day; for it must be remembered
that an intelligent opinion, or
TRUE DECISION
had to be arrived at during those visits for the
miners were admitted with open lights. Any
deviation from the true state of affairs would certainly
be attended with loss of life, limb and
property, hence the object of the test as stated.
The arrangements for conducting these experiments,
while not as profuse and as scientific as
we are apt to find at the present day, yet would
bear comparison as to the zone of safety we could
rely on as indicated by the behavior of the lamps
we tested. The proof of this assertion was fully
demonstrated when we all returned to the outside
without a scratch or semblance of a burn,

after having spent several hours in the Black
Diamond mine of W. H. Brown & Sons, in the
presence of an inflammable mixture, in one of
the entrances leading to some old workings, that
undoubtedly were thoroughly loaded with that dangerous
element—fire damp. At the conclusion of
the experiments that had been entered into during
the day, it was decided by a majority of the
committee that the Clanny lamp was the most
sensitive in the presence of an explosive mixture.
It may be the nationality of those who constituted
the committee bore some influence on this
decision. However, as it is not the intention of
this article to debate on the merits of the decision
given, but to relate to you some of the transactions
which took place during the early life
of this institute, we will pass on to the next important
paper, "The Benefits to Be Derived from
Complying with the Mine Law," by Rodger Hartley.
This gentleman being one of the pioneer coal
operators in the Pittsburgh district, it must have
been a source of pleasure to the mine inspectors
of that day to learn that amongst the numerous
individual operators and owners, there was at
least one who was
WILLING TO COMPLY
with the mining law, and certainly it must have
been a source of consolation to the framers of
that instrument to learn that their efforts for
the preservation of the health and safety of the
miner had not been in vain, when such men as
the gentlemen mentioned was on the affirmative
side of complying with the law and at the same
time ready to defend the benefits to be obtained
by strictly adhering to its principles.
The impression made at the meeting, as a
result of the discussion that followed the reading
of the paper in question, must have caused
the members of this institute fully to realize the
good to be derived from the new law, for they
decided to advance another step, commonly called
"going it one better." We find, at a subsequent
meeting of the institute, it was unanimously decided
that owing to the fact the Monongahela
River district was engaged in producing its full
share of mineral wealth and by doing so had,
and was contributing its full share of funds in
the support of this commonwealth, it was not
unreasonable to expect something substantial in
return in the form of relief to the men, who, in
their daily occupation, should meet with an accident.
As a result of this it was decided to appoint
the following members: Thomas S. Hutchinson,
Henry Kinlock and William Seddon as a
committee to confer with the governor of Pennsylvania.
I well remember corresponding with
the honorable gentleman on the subject of a proposed
hospital for the river district The gov­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
ernor treated the matter with the greatest courtesy
and invited the committee to make him
A PERSONAL VISIT
at which time he would be able to ascertain the
true facts, relative to the needs of such an institution.
Like many other good resolutions and
intentions, for some unaccountable reason, it was
allowed to die without accomplishing anything
tangible.
By this time the interest taken in the transaction
of this institute had become so popular
that when less than a year old, or on Jan. 21,
1888, an allday session was held. I might here
state that up to that time regular well attended
monthly meetings had been held, the same generally
taking place on Saturday. But to return
to the first allday session. At this meeting a
paper was read by Robert Watchorn, who later
became prominent as a labor leader, on the subject:
"What Five Points of Improvement Are
Most Desirable to Advance the Moral, Social and
Financial Condition of the Miner?" I need not
dwell on the merits of this valuable and interesting
subject, yet I feel it would be unfair to
pass it without calling your attention to what
might be termed early advanced ideas of the
Sociological side of the successful management
of mines, an idea that since that time has been
put in practice by some of our leading and upto-date
mining companies, and taken from financial
point of view, today is considered the best
asset a large mining company can possess.
The next paper presented was on the same lines,
but in another branch, and held to the true principle
that the institute started out to accomplish
the educational benefit of all interested in mining.
The subject we have reference to was the
"Best Method of Conducting Air Currents in a
Mine that Would Have a Tendency to Contribute
to the Health and Safety of the Miner," by
Stephen Arkwright. It must be obvious to you
that in the discussion that followed the reading
of this interesting and valuable paper, crystallized,
condensed
PRACTICAL IDEAS
would be prevalent, for the members at that time
were composed chiefly of men who had served
at least one apprenticeship with a pick at the
working face of a mine. Hence we can better
imagine than describe the interesting and practical
ideas that would be advanced on such an
occasion, to which could be attributed the death
knell of the circumscribed idea held by some
mine officials, that what they did not know in
regard to ventilating a mine was not worth knowing.
No better illustration of the birth of such
an improved feeling on the lines of education
can be had than the earnestness displayed during
the short time intervening between that and

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the next meeting, at which, in order to spread
the good news, it was decided to visit some
prominent mining center and there hold at least
one session.
This broad spirited idea no doubt had been
cultivated by, and received its stimulus from,
the lessons learned at the previous sessions of
this institute, and as a token of their appreciation
of this educational benefit, the members
were willing to lay down their tools for at least
one day, or two if so required, in order to exhibit
to their brothers in the same calling, the benefits
to be obtained from mutual association at which
important questions on mining could be intelligently
discussed, together with the swapping of
practical ideas, with a view of successfully combating
the difficulties almost daily encountered
in their avocations in mines. As a result Connellsville
was the place selected, and on the
evening of No. 13, 1889, this institute held a session
in the opera house in the town just mentioned
and the following program, which had
been previously arranged, was presented, viz.:
"A Brief History of the Western Pennsylvania
Mining Institute, by William Seddon; "Hoisting
Machinery," by William Gillie; "Endless Line
Haulage," by Clijah Dainty; "Mine Ventilation,"
by Thomas Fowler; "A Brief History of the
Pittsburgh Coal Feld," by Henry Louttit, Mine
Inspector.
Thomas S. Hutchinson presided, with William
Seddon, secretary.
Every subject was taken up with the exception
of "Mine Ventilation," by Mr. Fowler; who,
through some unavoidable occurrence could not
be present. The
ENTHUSIASM THAT PREVAILED
at this meeting, which was first noticed when
Burgess Yard, in a few appropriate remarks,
tendered the members of the institute and the
visiting brethren a cordial and welcome reception,
was beyond all expectations, and was heartily
indulged in, not only by the members, but
by numerous visitors, among whom were H. P.
Snyder, editor of the Connellsville Courier; Rufus
J. Foster, editor of the Colliery Engineer; W. S.
Gressly, author of "Glossary of Terms Used in
Mining"; several mine inspectors, including Fred
C. Keighly; as well as that big-hearted jovial
mine superintendent, Robert Ramsey, who, at the
close of that memorable session, tendered the
members and visitors a courteous invitation to
visit the Standard mines of H. C. Frick Coke LO.
next day.
Quite a number took advantage of that pleasant
and edifying trip and at the close thanked
the host for his untiring efforts in so liberally
contributing towards their pleasure and comfort
during the whole of that memorable visit. Mr.
Ramsey responded in a courteous and complimentary
manner and in encouraging terms, in
which he congratulated the members on their
untiring and noble efforts to spread the advancement
of mining among all who had the welfare
of the mining industry at heart.
During the following year, 1890, the following
subjects were presented and discussed, viz.:
"Practical Tunnelling and Shaft Sinking," by
Rodger Rigby; "The Natural Syphon, Its Principle
and Mode of Action," by John McVicker;
"The Relative Merits of the Different Safety
Lamps Now in Use," by William Seddon; Question,
"Is It Safe to Work with an Open Light
in the Vicinity of a Fall, or at the Time a Fall
is Taking Place?"; "Electricity as Applied to
Mining," by Thomas S. Hutchinson; "The Dangers
Arising from the Influence of Coal Dust in
a Dry and Dusty Mine," by Henry Kinlock.
A patent device for timber drawing, with explanation
as to its practical use and efficiency
was exhibited by Mr. Gibbs, the patentee.
Now it must be obvious to you that a
DISCUSSION OF THE QUESTION
just mentioned ought to convince the most skeptical
that the interest in the advancement of mining
grew rather than diminished as the institute
grew in years. So in proportion did the interest
in these transactions by the adjoining mining
communities multiply, for during the summer of
1890 the president, Thomas S. Hutchinson, and
the secretary were invited to take part in the
organization of a mining institute at Mansfield,
now Carnegie, at which a good number of miners,
mine foremen and fire bosses were enrolled as
members, also the late Rodger Hartley and the late
James Blick, at that time mine inspector for the
Seventh Bituminous district. John Simpson, who
I believe is at this time a member of the Mining
Institute of America, was chosen president, with
a man by the name of Cook as secretary.
An idea was advanced at that meeting to establish
a mining institute in every inspector's district
throughout Western Pennsylvania. As a result
of this we find that, at a meeting of the
Western Pennsylvania Mining Institute, held in
Monongahela, Oct. 4, 1890, the following resolution
was adopted: "That this institute meet in
Pittsburgh at the call of the secretary, with a
view of organizing a central mining institute."
I would here state that during the three years
of life of the institute, it must not be supposed
everything ran smoothly. Far from it. The organization
had its enemies, and in no small numbers,
men whose influence, had it been used in its
favor instead of against it, not only would have
been a financial benefit to themselves but a lasting
monument to their endeavors to spread the knowledge
of advancement of mining among those persons
who were so diligently contributing to

THE FINANCIAL WEALTH
of the country. However, here is where we can
quote the words of Ingersoll—
"Obstructions are but Virtue's foil,
The stream impeded has a song."
And so it had in this case, for the obstructions
that were encountered were based on ignorance,
combined with circumscribed ideas, ignorance as
to the importance of becoming better acquainted
with Nature's laws in order to wrest from her
stores in the bowels of mother earth with the
least liability of injury to the health, life and
limb of those engaged in so hazardous an occupation;
circumscribed ideas in the form of looking
on with contempt at the meeting of a body of men
whose object was discussing questions and swapping
experiences that were foreign to their own
meagre ideas of right. As a result these men
used every available effort to impede the progress
that was being made on the lines of intelligent
mine management. However, it gives me great
pleasure to say to you that this behavior on the
part of those I have reference to did not lessen
the determination of the members of this institute
to spread the good work they had so earnestly
begun, for in the latter part of December, 1890,
the first meeting of this institute was held in
Pittsburgh, the object being not only to form a
central institute but to hold a joint meeting of
the Western Pennsylvania Mining institute and
the Mansfield institute.
At the morning session of this joint meeting a
paper, "The Mine Boss: His Present Position and
Future Prospect," by your humble servant, was
read. The
DEBATE THAT FOLLOWED
on the paper lasted until adjournment at noon.
At the afternoon session upwards of 150 mining
men were present and were addressed by the late
W T illiam Jenkins, at that time mine inspector of
the Second Bitmuinous district; the late Rodger
Hartley, and the late James Blick, at that time
mine inspector of the Seventh Bituminous district,
and several others whose names at this time
I fail to recall. However, the interest aroused by
the discussions indulged in were beyond all
previous conception of what such a meeting would
amount to. As a result of this enthusiasm it was
unanimously agreed, before adjourning, that another
meeting should be held in March, 1891, and
that during the interval the following named members—Hugh
McMurry, William Barker, August
Stinner, and William Seddon—form a committee
to draft by-laws for what now was to be known
as the Western Pennsylvania Central Mining institute.
Here time and space prevents me from
relating in detail the transactions during the following
years, yet I feel it would be discourteous
on my part to close this paper without mention­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
ing a few important events, which more or less
display the energy and unselfish interest during
that time by some of the brethren who are yet
members of this the Coal Mining Institute of
America.
For instance, it would, I think, be unfair not
to mention the part that the Western Pennsylvania
Central Mining institute took in discussing,
verbally, the mining law of 1893, and the three
days' debate on the Shaw system of signalling,
which took place in the early part of 1891, after
a thorough investigation of that
INGENIOUS DEVICE
had been made by a committee appointed by this
institute; also the indebtedness of this institute
to Col. Elliott, at that time the genial, jovial and
intellectual general manager of the Bell, Lewis
& Yates operations, for the hospitality received at
his hands on the summer visit of the institute
to the Big Soldier Run mines, in 1893, at which
time the gentleman named bore all expenses, including
hotel and railway fare to and from the
mines mentioned to Pittsburgh; also, the untiring
and noble efforts in connection with this institute
of the present Dean of Mine Inspectors Thomas
K. Adams, who held the presidency of this institute
for four consecutive years.
The visit of the Ohio Institute of Mining Engineers,
who, during their stay in Pittsburgh were
the guests of this institute, and the return visit
the year following, together with the hospitality
shown the members during their short stay in
Ohio as guests of that honorable body, together
with the numerous visits made to surrounding
mines, such as the visit to the First Pool mines
of Robbins Coal Co. as guests of General Superintendent
George W. Schluederberg, and the Bishop
mines, as guests of W. R. Wilson, general manager
of those operations, to the Turtle Creek
mines of the New York Gas Coal Co., as guests of
General .Superintendent Thomas DeArmitt, and
the financial aid rendered to the institute by the
late Rodger Hartley during the depression of
1S93-94, all deserve mention.
To which I wish to add as worthy of praise the
names of Daniel Bowden, Fred C. Keightly, Josiah
Evans, W. Glyde Wilkins, William Clifford, Charles
Conner, the late August Stinner, Adam Kyle, the
late Barnard Callihan, the late Selwyn M. Taylor,
the late D. H. Thomas, Austin King and F. Z.
Shellenburg and others who at this time I fail
to remember.
However, should some one discover that, in my
humble endeavor to place before you the early
life of this institute, I failed to mention some deserving
one, I can assure you it is far from my
intention to do so, but rather negligence on my
part, for which I humbly apologize.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The figure 1892 on page 16 is a very substantial
machine with many advantages and has
proved a very popular type. It shows a high
efficiency in actual service; this efficiency being
about 85 per cent. A recent letter from the owner
of one of these big 12 inch stroke machines,
in commenting on the cost of up-keep, stated that
the first set of plunger packings had run satisfactorily
for 18 months. The whole idea in the
design of this machine, as well as the others for
mine service, is to make it absolutely reliable under
service conditions. Another machine from
which the company had very favorable reports
is the figure 2066 shown on page 64. A recent
installation of two pumps of this type in a big
mine in Colorado gave on the purchaser's official
test a efficiency well over 87 per cent. These
high efficiencies cut the power cost to a low figure
and are a very important item in the selection
of the machine. The pump shown in figures
nd 2032, pages 58 and 59, while suitable for
any heavy pressure work is particularly
>Ie to the coal mine service as the pump
...a can readily be fitted with a wood lining to
prevent the corrosive action of the water on the
metal. A repetition of orders is usually considered
very satisfactory evidence of the successful
operation of the machine. The 12x12 machine
shown in the illustration is one of a number furnished
to a Pennsylvania coal concern, which has
given five different orders, totaling seven of these
12x12 pumps, all being duplicates of the first machine
installed.
Mr. Arthur L. Ware, well known in the Kentucky
and Tennessee coal fields as an engineer
and machinery agent, has accepted a position
with the Roberts & Schaefer Co., engineers and
contractors, Chicago, and will represent them in
that territory. This company have for many
years designed and built complete coal mining
plants, coal washing plants, coal briquetting
plants and coaling stations. The Roberts &
Schaefer Co., through Mr. Ware, solicit the patronage
of any coal companies contemplating
building new plants or remodeling existing equipment.
The many successful installations now in
operation in the different sections of this country
are evidence of their ability in the line in
which they are engaged. For the present Mr.
Ware will make his home in Jellico, Tennessee.
The Deane Steam Pump Co., Holyoke, Mass., is
sending out catalogue D-128 which is just from
the press. This catalogue covers electrically operated
mine pumps and shows the very complete
line of pumps manufactured for this service, both
in the vertical and horizontal as well as in the
duplex, triplex, and quintuplex types. The extent
to which electricity is being used in mining
operations should make this catalogue of a special
interest. While all of the pumps have their
particular fields, th ecompany begs to call attention
to three types, which on a number of
installations have proved eminently satisfactory.
The Roberts & Schaefer Co., engineers and contractors,
Chicago, announce they have now associated
with them as contracting engineer, Mr.
Trevor B. Simon, who for the past four years,
has occupied a similar position with the Jeffrey
Manufacturing Co. of Columbus. Mr. Simon's
past experience will be of much advantage to
him in his connection with the Roberts & Schaefer
Co., and the many friends he has made among
the coal operators will be glad to learn of his
new connection and wish him deserved success.
The December issue of the Ohio Brass Bulletin,
published by the Ohio Brass Co., Mansfield, 0.,
which has just come to hand has some interesting
articles, among them a story of "Why Denver
City Tramway Uses Trailers" and one on the
"Historic Parade of Street Cars" recently held
in New York City.
| CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
The Coulter interests will open a new mine
near Greensburg, Pa., to develop 500 acres of
coal. The mine will be along the Pennsylvania
Railroad where a shaft will be sunk and a new
steel tipple and a modern up-to-date mine
equipped with the latest and most modern electric
machinery. The plans for developing the
property are being worked out by engineers, and
it is said that the work of sinking the shaft will
begin at an early date.
According to the quarterly report of State
Geologist J. B. Hoeing, of Kentucky, made to the
State Advisory Board, a practically virgin coal
field of fine proportions is on the eve of development
along the upper Licking river in Magoffin
and Morgan counties.
The Carter Coal Co., George L. Carter, president,
Johnson City, Tenn., will develop the large
coal properties owned by Mr. Carter in nine counties
in Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia.
Modern mining machinery will be installed.
The abandoned No. 2 colliery of Irish Bros.
Coal Mining Co., Glen Campbell, Pa., is to be
reopened and extended into a new plot of coal
to the southwest.
The Estey Coal Co., Centralia, Wash., has purchased
and will develop 500 acres of coal near
Kelso, Wash.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
THE MINE FOREMAN AND H IS ASSISTANT IN RELATION
TO EACH OTHER*
After an experience of thirty-seven years of
service in the mines, secenteen of which was
spent in every capacity from driving mules to
mining coal, and the remaining twenty years in
the position of fire boss, it gives me great pleas
ure to see at the present time so many men of
experience and education, taking such a great
interest in the mine problem, also that so much
good is being done by the effort these same men
are putting forth in giving their time and serv­
ices to those less fortunate than themselves, in
By Thomas Turne
order that they may be educated more fully to
the knowledge of mining coal, which is one of
the most important questions in the whole an­
thracite coal region to-day, in a manner more
profitable to themselves and their employers, and
last but not least, the prevention of accident and
loss of life.
We must certainly look with pride to the or­
ganizing of the Mining Institute, which has done
so much for the men working in and about the
mines in such a short time, and for the good
work which is yet to be done, through the night
schools that have been organized throughout the
coal regions, and if we can judge the future by
the past, some great things can be expected from
this Institute. Every good work must come from
a good organization, and it is the men connected
with this organization that are teaching the
night schools that are doing so much good, there­
by helping their fellow workmen, and it is to be
hoped every young man will take advantage of
the opportunities which the Mining Institute is
offering them to better prepare them for the po­
sitions which are surely to be theirs in the future,
as it is the young men of to-day who will
be the mine iormen of the future.
Many good and very valuable, instructive pa­
pers have been read on the various subjects per­
taining to the mining of coal. In our Institute
meetings much has been said about the gas that
is so deadly in our mines, and let me say so
treacherous also.
I have worked in it and by it for many years,
and yet to-day I will not trust it, for it has de­
ceived men and always will. Let us guard
against it and treat it as an enemy. The sub­
ject of
VENTILATION IX 0UB MINES
has taken a great deal of our time and atten­
tion, and it is very essential that we still try
to improve it whenever possible. Great improve­
ment has Veen made in mine ventilation during
•Paper read before the Nanticoke. Pennsylvania Mining
Institute, December 18, 1912.
the past forty years. Forty years ago very little
was done in some mines to give the poor work­
man hardly enough air to breathe. Allow me to
state that I saw my lather driving a gangway
when the face was 150 feet ahead of the brattice.
He continued to work under such conditions for
a few years, then his health began to fail. He
died at the age of 54, a total wreck, attributed
to bad ventilation. Thinking of the past and
comparing it with the present, I am glad that
now each man and the beast in the mine is sup
plied with a fair portion of pure ventilation.
May we hope that in the near future that the
air in the coal mines will be as pure as that
under the canopy of God's own sky.
Timbering also is one of the very important
things that ought to be taught and I am pleased
to note is, by some of our able men. The above
and many other questions of great importance
to mining men have been discussed at these
meetings, and much has been said that will have
a tendency to make men more careful and com­
petent, but in my opinion there is one very important
question that is not noticed or seldom
spoken of, and that is, the relation that exists
between the foreman and his assistant. Experi­
ence has taught us that it does make a great
difference to the working of a mini", and also to
the company and men, whether the organization
is in harmony with each other and working together
for the interest of both company and men.
To me this is a very important question and
deserving of much consideration by both employer
and employee and this paper which I shall
read to-night will only introduce the subject with
thi' hope that some of our successful mine man­
agers will at some near future time give us
their personal experience and some of the ideas
and methods used by them in becoming a suc­
cessful mine manager.
How often have we read in our leading mag­
azines articles headed "How I Succeed in My
Business," or "How 1 Succeed in My Occupation,"
written by men who have made a big success
of their
BUSINESS ol; (Kit CATION
and what a great help has been their experiences
to those in a like business or occupation. It we
have good ideas and have experimented in a certain
line with great success we should be willing
to impart that experience and knowledge to those
working along the same line, thus helping to
bring those who are not so fortunate as we up
to the same knowledge and standard. If this is
a good thing in other business affairs it certain-

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ly would be in the business of mining anthracite
coal, which is playing an important part in the
commercial world to-day, and the position of
managing and supervising our mines is very important
as we not only have the commercial end
in view but we are dealing with human lives,
therefore making the problem of mining a very
important one, and I think our men who have
made a success of this business should be willing
to import their knowledge to others who
are less fortunate than themselves.
If I understand it right the object of the Mining
Institute is to educate and instruct the men
in and about the mines as to how to work inthis
dangerous occupation. This is all very good
and the questions that will naturally arise are,
how can this be best accomplished? There are
several different ways and the question of harmony
in the mine organization and how the officials
and men can become resolved to work in
harmony for the best interests of the company
as well as themselves, is deserving of careful consideration.
The company operating a mine has certain interests
that must be taken care of by the foreman
and fire boss, and can only be done successfully,
with each one working for the same great
interest, and let us not forget that the workingmen
have certain rights and privileges, that can
only be taken care of when the bosses consult
each other on matters pertaining to their labor,
and consider the man worthy of his rights.
I have never been a mine foreman so perhaps
I am not able to judge what is called a model
boss, but as we all have our own opinion, perhaps
you will allow me to express in a few words
some traits of character that a foreman should
have.
The foreman I consider as a general over his
staff, his orders should be given when he knows
they are right, in firmness and kindness, expecting
nothing else but obedience, and treating his
men with such kindness that they will stand
READY TO DO HIS BIDDING.
Society has become the fad of the day and Mr.
Boss, if you belong to the 400, and have to be
out late at night, and perhaps have occasion to
indulge in the fruits of the cup and when you
visit the office in the morning a little out of
humor, please remember the fire boss and give
him that good morning that he likes to hear,
think of him entering the mine at 2:30 o'clock,
coming in contact with gas, bad roofs, squeeze
and many other things that fill the thoughtful
man's mind, you will agree with me that this
above any other time is the wrong time to show
that you are in an ill temper and perhaps want
to take it out of him. One of the best ways to
bring your assistants in close touch with you is
for you to let them know that you appreciate
when you know they have done their work well.
I think it is wrong for a foreman to think
that his plans and ideas are the only ones that
are right without consulting his assistants.
Please allow me to state that a few years ago I
worked as a fire boss for a mine foreman, and
as usual I made suggestions that I thought were
for the saving of labor for the men, and also for
the benefit of the company, and he told me, if
not directly, then indirectly, that he was paid
for thinking and me for working. What do you
think was my attitude toward him in respect to
giving my opinion. Of course I did not give it,
and in that case and others, just because we did
not consult, it was detrimental to the interest of
both men and company. This foreman never had
the goodwill and co-operation of his assistants.
His work as a foreman was not a success, and
after a very short time another foreman came
to the mines where I was fire boss. A very hard
problem was up to us in the nature of a mine
trouble. The very first day that man came into
the mine he called me and another assistant back
from some men we had working, and said: "Now
men. I have come here not only to boss but to
work hand in hand with you, and what I know
1 want you to know. Every
OPINION OR SUGGESTION
you may have, do not be afraid to tell it to me.
I am sure it will be considered. Let us work
in harmony and we will get through this trouble
alright." What was the outcome of that conference?
We were successful in that, what I called
the most difficult mine trouble that I took part
in all my mine experience; was that all that was
accomplished through that little conference? Oh
no, our relations continued of the most pleasant
kind, and we worked together in harmony.
His interest in the mines became my interest and
I always felt that there was nothing too much
for me to do for him.
What was the cause of this? Because we were
take into his confidence, and given to understand
that if we did our work faithfully, it would be
appreciated. Do not understand me to mean that
a mine foreman, in order to have the good-will
of his assistants, must be lenient with their mistakes.
Oh no, he should be firm and determined
in his correction of mistakes made by his men
and always ready to enforce discipline.
A mine foreman should have a certain amount
of executive ability and have a good knowledge
of how to handle men, and also when he has a
good man, to try and keep him, for every good
man strengthens your organization. There are
a great many good men that would never make
good foremen. It seems as though a good mine
foreman has to be made to order. Consequently
there are some holding positions to-day who are
not filling it as it should be filled. They are of

a nervous disposition and their judgment is led
astray by their ill temper, and he does not think
he is boss unless cursing, bulldozing or discharging
some one all the time. He may have an able
corps of assistants who could help him, if he
were not of that independent spirit, always thinking
"I am boss and will be boss." What do they
know? They have not got their papers. The
consequence is they are ignored in everything
they do and when you find a foreman like this
you will find loads of trouble in that mine.
I well know that the foreman who is willing
to take the grievances of his men as they come
to him, in a spirit of respect for their rights, is
the man who will have their good will, and harmony
will exist. He will be able to handle his
men better and give better service to his employer.
When men approach their foreman on a
question of price, it is not always the disappointment
of not getting the dollars and cents but
sometimes in not receiving a kind word and
manly treatment of which they are deserving. I
am glad that we have so many kind hearted su
perintendents and foremen who have charge of
our mines, who are willing at all times to consider
the workmen's needs and
TREAT THEM AS MEN.
but I have known some mine foremen, and sorry
to say there are some holding positions to-day,
that act as if they were very far above their fellowmen,
and will not give them their due consideration
that every man should have when he
comes to talk business.
With an experience of about twenty years as
fire boss, I ought to be able to judge what kind
of a man should fill this position. I do not hesitate
for a moment to say that a fire boss ought
to be a temperance man, for a man that drinks
and keeps late hours is not a fit man to examine
miners' places, and protect their lives and the
company's property or interests. He will never
be as successful as if he were strictly temperance.
He ought to be a temperance man for another
reason, for in this, our present day, with the class
of men we have around the mines so many men
are losing so much time on account of drink that
it is injurious to the man himself and also to
his family and very often a great loss to the
company.
How can he have any influence over that man
and be a help to his family if he is a drinking
man himself? Remember, fellow fire boss, that
we are to a certain extent the keeper of our brothers'
lives, therefore we ought to be faithful in
the making of our examinations, knowing that
our neglect can bring accident or death to our
fellow workmen, and great loss to the company
that employs us. A fire boss ought to be a man
who stands ready to receive orders from his
foreman and carry them into execution. The
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
foreman's interest should be their interest. He
should be a man who would go into extreme danger
if need be to protect life and property. A
fire boss should be such a man who will study
the needs of his brother. 1 think in this present
time that if we practice the maxim "Do unto
others as you would have them do unto you,"
that even in our mine work we would
MEET WITH MORE SUCCESS.
Every man that comes to your window to beg,
whether he be the most experienced miner or
the common laborer, is worthy of your respect
and courtesy. If he is ignorant, then let us help
educate him, if experienced, let us appreciate his
knowledge. We should so treat men that they
will respect us, and understand our fair dealings
with them that they will be willing to do anything
for us, knowing that we are fair between
man and master. A fire boss should be a man
that has a mining experience, one who has done
nearly all kinds of work in the mines or had
the charge of such work, so that he has gained
a practical experience, which will give him the
proper judgment, so as to enable him to direct
his men and give orders and insist that they
be carried out. Misjudgment on the part of the
fire boss in giving orders has in the past
been the cause of a number of accidents
to our fellow men; and especially has this been
so in cases where the deadly gas has been found
and air splits have been changed and interfered
with. The man that is not practical in his position,
is thoughtless in regard to the danger of
making any change in the air split of his section.
No change should ever be made in an air split
in the mines while the men are at work, unless
it is a case of extreme necessity; maybe a mine
fire, cave or such causes and only then after informing
the men in that section of the change.
An assistant foreman should be free at all times
to consult with his foreman, to bring about the
best results in his section and to assure the very
best protection to his men. Do not think that
you will ignore your duty of consulting or bringing
matters of importance to your foreman. For
a good foreman is always ready to consult with
his assistants to bring about the best results, for
the men and company. My brother fire boss, experience
has taught me that our position is one
of very sacred trust and no man that goes into
the mine has
AN EQUAL RESPONSIBILITY
with you, not even the mine foreman, for he is
obliged to take your word and report.
Please don't be a bigoted fire boss, because
your foreman has taken you from a breast, or
from a position as driver boss and given you
charge of a section of men. Don't feel that you
are the superintendent or one of the company,

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
but feel humble with your position, then your
fellowman seeing your attitude, you will be able
to learn many valuable things from them. On
the other hand, if your promotion fills you with
pride and raises you far above the men you have
just left, then your success will not be assured,
for these men will be against your interests, and
your foreman will not be able to advance you
very fast in your mine education, for you will
not have the same spirit towards him.
Fellow workmen, I hope you will pardon me,
if there is anything in this paper that has a
line of criticism in it, and that you may understand
me, that I feel that our past mistakes
and experiences may be our able teacher in the
future, and that it is my full conviction knowing
that business firms, to be successful, each member
must be in harmony and pull together for the
success of that firm and all that are employed,
so in the great business of mining the organization
of each mine should be in harmony and
working together, that the most careful protection
may come to each man and boy's life and also
due protection given to property and rights of
the company, for we are convinced that one of
the important things that will in the future help
to bring the mine owner and the workingman
closer together is, when each one realizes that
we belong to one common brotherhood, and be
willing to deal with each other according to our
just rights and claims as man and master.
The Philadelphia Coal Exchange has elected the
following officers and directors: S. D. Hall, president'
G'eorge W. Edmonds, vice president; James
M. Kellcy, treasurer; Charles K. Scull, secretary;
Charles C. Black, Samuel E. Donaghy, William C.
Kirk. Andrew K. McKee. George Speese, Maurice
J. Crean, William C. Downing, Ambrose eLtter,
Frank F. Mathers, Henry E. Strathmann, Sr., Samuel
B. Crowell. Thomas Gucker, Jr., Thomas J.
McDowell. Enoch T. Roberts, Howard W. White,
directors.
YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
CAN get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
| The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
; Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
; Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Cantractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
Mr. Willis G. Yeamans has been appointed
special agent of the Lehigh Valley Coal Sales Co.,
vice Mr. C. H. Dayton, resigned. Mr. Yeamans
has been with the Lehigh Valley Coal Sales Co.
since its formation, and prior to that time was
for a number of years in the office of the vice
president and general sales manager of the Lehigh
Valley Coal Co.
Mr. F. J. Durdan, of Pittsburgh, has been appointed
sales agent of the Monongahela River
Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.. at Louisville, Ky.,
to succeed Capt. Charles H. Bohmer, who had
resigned several weeks ago. Mr. Durdan took
charge January 1.
Mr. P. J. Friel, of Mahanoy City, Pa., has been
appointed mine inspector of the Sixteenth Anthracite
district of Pennsylvania, vice Martin Mc­
Laughlin, deceased. Judges Moser and Cunningham,
of Northumberland county, made the appointment
January 7.
Mr. William Humphries, superintendent of the
E. A. Humphries Coal & Coke Co., near Latrobe,
Pa., broke his right leg in the mines Monday
morning. He was taken to the home of his sister,
Mrs. Matthews, where a physician reduced
the fracture.
Mr. H. XV. Rawson, superintendent of of the
McDowell C. & C. Co., McDowell, W. Va., has suffered
the amputation of an arm as the result of
an injury received while making an underground
tour of inspection.
Mr. Robert Holiday has ben appointed superintendent
of the Crucible Coal Co. plant at Crucible,
Pa., and assumed charge January 1. The
new superintendent is getting ready to start shipments
of coal.
Mr. Newell W. Roberts has been appointed
assistant to the president of the Davis Coal &
Coke Co. He was formerly connected with the
Durham Coal & Iron Co.
Senator Green of Coshocton county, O., is preparing
and will introduce at this session his bill
defeated at the last session to provide that coal
mined in Ohio shall be screened before it is
weighed. The bill is said to have the endorsement
of Ohio miners who would benefit by it.
Senator Green says that the new bill is being
framed so as to eliminate the constitutional objections
which were urged against the measure
at the last session.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 5&
PEALE, PEACOCK fl KERR
OF NEW YORK
VICTOR
Bituminous Coal
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Washington Breaker of the Order Kokoal
was formally organized Jan. 8, and the following
officers were chosen to serve the coming
year: Modoc, J. M. Burrell; pictor, H. J. Juenemann;
gazook. W. F. Hummer; mazunia, J. E.
Chapman; acolyte, B. L. Grove; baronet, W. D.
Sutherland; baron, J. P. Stephenson; pit boss,
George H. Eakle; swatta, Otto Raymond; spotta,
L. E. White.
FOR SALE
One Complete 3-Track R. R. Tipple Equipment
in first-class condition.
One Complete River Tipple Equipment. Will
sell at a great bargain.
PITTSBURGH MINING Co.,
1—15—13. Pomeroy, Ohio.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
Located in the famous Southern
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and
of unsurpassed quality and quantity,
with excellent shipping facilities.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
A. bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre Haute, lnd.
Wanted
Position as superintendent by married man, 39
years old. College and University graduate. Sixteen
years practical experience, mostly inside coal
mines Pittsburgh district, as miner, roadman, driver,
weighmaster, surveyor, fireboss, assistant mine
foreman, mine foreman and superintendent. Good
health, good habits, and best of references. Salary
$250. Address A. B., Care of THE COAL TRADE
BULLETIN.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
FOR SALE.
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMEBICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville R. R., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Madisonville, Ky.
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVTLLE, PA.

COMMISSIONERS DECIDE WAGE DISPUTE.
The miners of the Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal
& Coke Co. at Shaft No. 1, DuBois, Pa., place
the following complaint in the hands of the adbitration
commissioners for adjustment:
The above named company is paying the machine
price, 37.23 cents per net ton, and 20 cents
per car extra for taking out stumps not undercut
by the machines in pillars. This case has
been taken up in accordance with the scale agreement,
and the company refuses to pay pick price
for coal taken out of these stumps.
The commissioners, Messrs. William Broad and
John C. Forsythe, made this decision:
First—That all coal that is undercut by the
machine shall be loaded by the machine-loader
at the machine price.
Second—That the respondent company shall discontinue
the practice of paying 20 cents per car
extra for taking out stumps.
Third—That where the miner is required to
remove pillars or stumps, using his pick to remove
said pillar or stump, he shall be paid the
pick mining rate for all such coal.
Among many important appointments made by
the Schuylkill county, Pa., court Jan. 7, was the
naming of the following Mine Inspectors' Examining
Board: J. H. Pollard, ot Mabanoy City, and
Jacob Britton. of Pottsville. engineers; Jacob
Bache, of Locust Gap; D. E. Davis, of Pottsville,
and Pilot Orme o!' St. Clair, miners.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
A 100 horsepower motor is being installed at the
Brookwood, Pa., colliery, to run the heavy pumps
that are being installed by the Madeira-Hill Co.
for the purpose of pumping out ihe old workings
in the valley underlying Maizeville and Mahanoy
Plane, the Lawrence colliery being the objective
point for working purposes. This will be the
means of getting at vast bodies of the best anthracite
to be found in that section of the anthracite
field and in quantities that will pay expert removal
of the coal, the above film being noted for this
class of work.
The mines of the Keystone Coal & Coke Co., in
the Westmoreland county, Pa., field suffered no inconvenience
during the high water of the past
fortnight. Electric pumps of large capacity kept
the mines thoroughly drained, and removed the
extra amounts of water that came in with ease.
Pittsburgh shippers sent 5,000,000 bushels of
coal south on a rise in the Ohio river Jan. 1.
Twenty steamers took the coal out, each boat having
a full tow.
State Mine Inspector G. H. Bolin of Aiizona is
praparing his annual report for transmission to
the legislature. It is the first report to be made
since the state came into the Union.
The proposed merger of the coal interests of the
Springfield, 111., district has been dropped for the
The report of lake trade at Buffalo for the sea­ present, the prices being considered too high for
son of 1912, shows 3,925,083 tons of coal were
shipped from that port as against 3,917,429 tons
the earning powers of the plants.
in 1911, thus making the past year the banner year Mr. W. R. Brasher, assistant inspector of mines
for the trade. During the year 18,400 tons of for the Earlington district of Kentucky, died at
bituminous were received at the port as com­ the Louisville Infirmary Jan. 8, after an illness
pared with 71,895 in 1911.
of about two months.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
SOUTH FORK, "ARGYLE"
T
SMOKELESS
c 0 A V
PENNSYLVANIA.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE fl ft 1/ r
FOUNDRY I. Ii K h
CRUSHED UUIXLl
GENERAL OFFICES : " GREENSBURG, PA.
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• AGME GOAL MINING GOMPANY, •
! GREENSBURG. PA. S
5 !
J MINERS AND SHIPPERS ;»i
* ACME AND AYONDALE S
^ HIGH GRADE STEAM GOALS,
J MINES, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. {
* SLIGO BRANCH B. 4 A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R. 5
LIGONIER COAL COMPANY,
• S
5 C. J. RENWICK, Sales Agent, Prudential Building, BUFFALO, N. Y. S
LATROBE, PA.
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APOLLO COAL CO.
5 MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF ^
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
^APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL^
* AND *
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN 5
COAL. !
I
J GENERAL OFFICES: ... GREENSBURG. PA. 5
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GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, FEBRUARY 1, 1913 No. 5
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMIMONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL TBADE COMPANY.
A. K. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PABK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
lEntered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
UNSEASONABLE WEATHER HAS BEEN THE LOT OF THE
COAL TRADE during the past fortnight, save for the
last three or four days, and this has had its effect
on the trade in more ways than one. It has per­
mitted the transportation companies to keep things
moving in much better shape than generally is the
case at this time of year, and it has, in conse­
quence resulted in the steadier operation of mines
and an output that, even if it has not been large
enough to bring about storage, has kept up with
the demand and has been accompanied with fewer
cries of shortage.
The splendid outlook in the steel and iron trades
has had its effect on the market likewise, and with
all the increased tonnage, the warm and open
winter, and better car supply, it is noticeable that
consumers are taking coal as rapidly as it is nage figures of over four hundred and twenty-
offered, and in some instances offering a premium
to get free coal. All branches of the trade seem
to have this feature in common. Anthracite coke
and bituminous all have figured in this phase of
the market situation, and because this has been
so, the matter of prices is not giving the pro­
ducers much concern, as they are full of backbone
and purchasing agents have to come to the sales
manager instead of the opposite condition.
In the Pittsburgh district the conditions that
prevail all over the country are noticeable. There
is a steady output of mines, the car supply is, in
the main, satisfactory, and the tonnage brought
to the surface is being absorbed just as steadily
as it is produced. Already the operating compa­
nies are looking forward to the opening of the lake
season and are preparing to handle a big increase
in the amount of coal for that market. Reports
reach here of huge blocks of coal being chartered
for the season of 1913, and this feature is one that
is attracting some attention. Some of the mines
of the district are short of men and could use
quite an additional labor supply, but they are not
making the strenuous efforts to get men that was
a feature of the- operating end of the trade during
the early fall. Car supply is pretty fair, some
isolated instances of an inadequate supply being
reported, but ihey are sporadic, rather than con­
tinuous. The question of prices is one that is
not bothersome just now, the producers holding
out firmly for their card rates, which are: $1.30
to $1.40 for run-of-mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50 for
three-quarter coal; $1.50 to $1.60 for inch and one-
quarter coal, and slack firm at $1.10 to $1.25. As
an instance of the fact that these prices easily are
obtained, the street had the report during the fort­
night of one Pittsburgh company selling 20 cars
of run-of-mine at $1.75 f. o. b. mines.
Broken production records have marked the coke
trade during the initial month of the year. Ton­
nine thousand tons per week have been reported
during the month, which is a new record. And
with this enormous amount of coke manufactured,
there are more ovens being fired and the market
reports do not show any stocking of coke at the
ovens, which is a good feature. If there were
any such stocking it would soon be followed by a
shutting down of ovens and a decreased tonnage.
Therefore, when these features are absent, it must
be taken as an indication that the trade is to en-

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
joy a continuation of the good times of the past
few months. The immense orders for rolling
stock and other steel products with the showing
of the chief producer of steel that it is oversold,
are straws that show prosperity for the steel trade
for many months at least, and this in turn spelled
prosperity i'or the coke man. Prices are quoted
at $3.25 to $3.50 for furnace coke and $3.50 to
$3.75 for foundry coke.
The anthracite branch of the trade is moving
forward steadily, with the tonnage figures for the
cpening month of the year likely to show about
the same result as those of last year. The trade
is suffering from petty strikes, which curtail pro­
duction to a certain degree, but efforts are being
made to put a stop to this condition. Prices are
the same as they have been since the final raise
in the fall, and as domestic consumption has not
been nearly so heavy as at this time last year, the
retailers, who in the days of acute shortage had
boosted prices to the ultimate consumer, have
come down to earth once more, and the house­
holder is getting his coal now at about the regular
figure.
* * *
Ax EXCELLENT EXPOSITION OF THE STORE LAW and
the store order law will be found elsewhere in
this number of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. It is
prepared for this paper by Mr. William S. Moor-
head of the Allegheny county bar, and puts
the whole subject in a clear light, giving anyone
who desires the information an accurate idea of
just what the real situation is. In view of some
possible legislation on this subject by the present
general assembly, a careful perusal of this article
will be of benefit to those interested, in order that
they may be able intelligently to take up whatever
changes may be proposed to the legislature.
* * *
ANTHRACITE MINE OWNERS HAVE BEEN OHEATLY
ANNOYED and operations of their mines seriously
interfered with during the last few months by
petty strikes brought about because one or two
men appeared at the mine without wearing the
union button. 'Die mines would be closed down,
production stopped and wages lost through this
cause. In many—in fact in most—instances when
union officials were appealed to the men were or­
dered back to work. But the day, or two or three
days, had been lost. It looks as if the wrong way
is being taken to get at the root of the evil in
that the miners endeavor to punish the operating
company for the acts of some one of their fellows.
Less trouble would result and there would be less
work for the conciliation board, it strikes us, if
the men would take matters into their own hands
and
" * * Day by day they kicks 'im, which
'elps 'im on a bit,
"Till 'e finds 'isself one mornin' with a
full an' proper kit."
* * *
OHIO MINE WORKERS ARE DETERMINED TO TRESS A
MINE RUN LAW for that state. This was the de­
cision of their convention. It is one of the mea­
sures which they are committed to put forth their
best efforts at the present legislative session. The
bill is sure to create a warm fight, as the mine
owners of the state already have made their plans
to fight its enactment, while the mine workers are
just as strenuous in their contention that the bill
must become a law. The proposed new measure
will be one of vital interest to the trade in that
state and its course in the legislature is sure to be
watched with interest.
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS •
Those robins that have been chirping around
the coal man's windows may be harbingers of
spring, but he wishes they would stay where they
1 elong until the almanac says it is time for them
to come.
* * *
Evidently the Carnegie Coal Co. is out for some
business during 1913. And at that they put one
over on the wiseacres.
* * *
Now it is the weather bureau that is going to
hand out warnings to the coal man; just another
move for safety.
« * *
Mr. G. Hog, from Punxsy, will be busy tomorrow
answering phone calls from the coal man.
* * *
Now the lawmakers are busy; therefore, the coal
man is sleeping with one eye open.
* * •
Some coke trade these days when almost half a
million tons are made in a week.

OHIO MINE WORKERS DETERMINED TO
PRESS MINE-RUN LAW THAT WILL
MAKE THAT QUESTION PARAMOUNT
ONE AT NEXT INTERSTATE WAGE CON­
FERENCE.
The United Mine Workers of Ohio, at their con­
vention, in Columbus, 0., Jan. 14-17, went on record
as unalterably in favor of Senate Bill No. 23, in­
troduced into the Ohio State Senate by Senator
William Green, a member of the Mine Workers,
ancl statistician of that organization, which calls
for the payment of miners on a mine-run basis.
By this action the Mine Workers put the question
squarely before the next interstate wage confer­
ence of a mine-run wage scale, because of the fact
that, under the new constitutional situation in
Ohio, there is no probability that the law, when
enacted, can be upset. The bill reads:
A bill to regulate the weighing and measuring
of coal at. the mine before it is screened, and providing
penalties for the violation thereof.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio:
Section 1. All coal mined for mine owner, lessee
or operator of coal mines, in this state, by any
miners or employes, under a contract between
said parties under which said miners or employes
are to be paid for their labor on the basis of the
ton, bushel, or any other weight, measure or quantity
mined, shall be weighed or measured, or the
quantity thereof determined, in the car in which
said coal is removed from the mine, and before
it is screened, for the protection of the miners
thereof against fraud or loss of wages. The mining
of all coal so mined in this state shall be paid
for to the miners thereof according to the weight,
measure or quantity, as above ascertained; and
each miner and employe connected with such mining
shall he given credit according to such weights,
measures or quantities, on the basis of his employment
contract, before said coal has been reduced
in weight or deprived of any part or value
thereof, as it came from the mine, by screen, or
any other act or device whatever.
In addition to favoring this measure, the Mine
Workers took other action that will affect the coal
industry of the state to a large degree, if finally
incorporated in agreements.
The convention opened with the reports of .the
officers, chief of which was that of President John
Moore. In his report he reviewed the work accomplished
during the past year. In it he discussed
the last interstate wage agreement, told of the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
accidents in the mines of the state, took up the
lamp question, briefly referred to the subject of
strikes and proudly referred to the fact that at that
time not a single strike was on in the state, paid
considerable attention to the West Virginia situation,
had something to say on social betterment,
and urged new legislation.
Secretary-Treasurer G. W. Savage in his report
showed that tbe total receipts for the year had
been $225,399.34, while the total expenditures had
been $63,710.73, leaving a balance of $161,688.61
in the treasury, as against $109,454.10 at the opening
of the year. His leport also showed that the
total membership at the close of the year was 41,-
367, a gain of 16 members during the year.
The report of Vice President John Zalenki covered
his activities during the year, and was listened
to attentively by the delegates.
The report of the tellers showed that President
Moore was re-elected by a unanimous vote of 16,-
771; that Vice President Zalenka was re-elected by
a vote of 15,882; Secretary-Treasurer G. W. Savage
by a majority of 7,169 over Charles E. Tilton; International
Beard Member A. R. Watkins by a
plurality of 2,305. Auditors Conrad Wein, Jos.
H. Penman and Fred Helle: Tellers, George H. Foster,
J. H. Chadwell and D. C. Jones.
When the report of the scale committee was
called for the following was presented, and after a
short discussion, adopted:
We, your scale committee, after deliberating on
the matters submitted to us by the delegates, beg
leave to present you the following report: That
we demand:
1st. That all coal be weighed before screened
and be paid for on the mine-run basis.
2d. A proper readjustment of the machine differential
at the basing points.
3d. A general substantial advance on machine
and pick mining at the basing point. All dead
work shall be paid for. A substantial advance on
all dead work, deficient work, yardage and day
labor. All break-throughs be paid entry price.
4th. The next joint agreement be based on machine
mined coal.
5th. A uniform day of six hours at the working
place for all classes of inside and outside day
labor, based on the present prices, with holiday
on Saturday.
6th. A uniform inside day wage scale with proportionate
advance with the mining rate.
7t'h. A uniform day wage scale for all classes of
outside day labor.
8th. That local irregularities and internal differences
be referred to the districts or sub-districts
affected.

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
9th. That all cars be delivered at the face of
working places.
C. J. ALBASIN, Chairman.
JOHN COI.BORX, Secretary.
TONY AMICONE,
S. J. JONES,
GEO. BRANIGAN,
JOHN RUDGE,
Sub-Committee.
Then the same committee presented another report,
dealing with the mine-run law, in which it
was urged that every delegate work for the passage
of tbe measure. This was adopted.
Other action taken by the convention included
compulsory workmen's compensation, which was
acted on favorably.
In the rearranging of subdistricts Tuscarawas
county and part of Carroll county were taken from
Subdistrict No. 5 and added to Subdistrict No. 3 of
the United Mine Workers of America.
This leaves to Subdistrict No. 5 the counties of
Belmont, Harrison and Jefferson and the Panhandle
district of West Virginia. Subdistrict No.
3 is now composed of Medina. Stark, Summit,
Wayne and Tuscarawas counties and parts of Portage
and Carroll counties.
Wages of officers of District No. 3, including
Ohio and part of West Virginia were increased 25
per cent.
Election of the chief mining inspector by miners
of the state on a non-partisan ballot, instead of by
appointment was adopted.
Employment of a competent scale inspector, to
visit each mine in the state at least once every
three months, and a state appropriation of $10,000
for rescue car, were also recommended.
THE CARNEGIE COAL COMPANY BUYS IM­
PORTANT PITTSBURGH GAS COAL PRO­
PERTY.
The Carnegie Coal Co., of Pittsburgh, has purchased
the Charleroi Coal Works, from the Pittsburgh
Plate Glass Co. The property at Charleroi,
and 1,200 acres of the best Pittsburgh gas coal in
the district are included. The new owners will
remodel the mine and enlarge its capacity. Considerably
over $1,200,000 is involved in the deal.
The announcement of this purchase aroused
keen interest in coal circles. The Charleroi
Coal Works has been idle for three years. It
was given up as an active operation by the Pittsburgh
Plate Glass Co. after the Charleroi glass
plant Was removed. The acreage adjoins the more
recent acreage holdings of the Steel Corporation.
The negotiations that were concluded Jan. 18
were much of a surprise. The transfer of the
property was conducted by H. H. Patterson and
Reid Kennedy, the latter of Homestead. A new
mine tipple to replace the one destroyed by fire
some years ago will be built and also much improvement
in the haulage system, so that the annual
capacity of the mine will be raised to 600,000
tons, all of which, with the exception of the slack,
will lie shipped to the lakes for Northwest markets,
beginning with the opening of navigation.
The Carnegie Coal Co. is one of the most active
lake coal shipping companies in the district. It
owns the Carnegie Dock Co., which operates a coal
storage dock in Superior, Wis., with a capacity of
500,000 tons of bituminous coal, and has just completed
a new coal dock at Duluth, which has a
capacity of 650,000 tons of bituminous and 100,000
tons of anthracite coal, which will be available for
operation in the spring. This will give the company
a storage capacity for its Northwest trade
of 1,250,000 tons, while the new mine property will
give an annual production of about 1,500,000 tons
from its mines, the older workings being at Carnegie.
NEW FREIGHT RATES ESTABLISHED FROM
PITTSBURGH DISTRICT TO SEABOARD.
The New York Central Lines and the Western
Maryland railroad have announced a new freight
rate from the Pittsburgh district to tidewater at
Baltimore, and coal already is going forward over
the two lines on the new rate.
The new rate is $1.43 per gross ton, when the
coal is destined beyond the local Baltimore market
and is a reduction of 15 cents per ton.
The Baltimore & Ohio railroad has met the new
rate and has established a similar rate. It is reported
the Pennsylvania railroad will meet the
new rate also.
NORFOLK & WESTERN SHIPMENTS.
Statement of the coal and coke tonnage from
(he Norfolk & Western mines in the state of West
Virginia for the month of December, 1913:
Field. Coal. Coke.
Kenova 71,118
Pocahontas 1,055,796 100,848
Tug River 171,179
Thacker 229,167
Total 1,527,260 100,848
The first train over the Garrett & Rockwood
branch of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, was run
January 26. The new branch is five miles long
and permits of Somerset county coal being sent
east without interfering with traffic on the main
line.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
COMPANY STORES AND STORE ORDER ACTS IN PENNSYLVANIA
Lord Stafford mines for coal and sait,
The Duke of Norfolk deals in malt,
The Douglas in red herrings.
—Fitz-Greene Halleck.
Quaere—All being members of the nobility,
shall the Duke of Norfolk and the
Douglas be permitted to sell their malt and
red herrings to Lord Stafford's employes
and take assignments of their wages which
are collectible from Lord Stafford?
I—COMPANY STOKES.
Proceedings recently instituted before the attorney
general of Pennsylvania have aroused considerable
interest, and have revealed a degree ot uncertainty
in ihe public mind as to the status under
the law of so-called "company stores." If the
present article fails in its effort to clarify this subject
to some small extent, it is hoped that its appropriateness,
as to time, may serve as its raison
d'etre.
The uncertainty in this matter may be traced
to various sources. It is due, in the first place,
to a loose use of the term. By "company stores,"
two persons may intend entirely different organizations.
The ill considered legislation that has
been passed at various times to cure supposed evils
in connection with the operation of stores by mining
and manufacturing corporations has also been
bewildering. The legislatures of the various states
enact laws on the subject; the respective state
Supreme Courts declare the laws unconstitutional;
the legislatures pass new acts of doubtful constitutionality.
To add to the confusion, the courts
of different states have taken diametrically opposite
views as to the constitutionality of what are
generally known as "store order acts." The two
doctrines which are at war in regard to this kind
of legislation are "liberty of contract" and "police
power." It is these theories that have divided
jurists, economists and statesmen into different
schools of thought. The two schools are known
by various names, but the ones that obtain most
generally, whether most appropriately or not, aie
the "property school" and the "humane school."
In former times, the advocates of great freedom
of contract secured more favor in the courts, but
latterly, especially, perhaps, in the Federal Courts,
the police power of the state has been extended or
recognized so as to validate laws which would probably
have been
CONDEMNED AS ITNC0NSTITUTI0NAL
by the judiciary of a former generation. Whether
or not the limits of this paternalistic view have
been reached is, of course, problematical; but re­
By William S. Moorhead. of the Allegheny County Bar.
gard must be had to this question in considering
the lights by which courts of the future will determine
the validity of sush legislation as we are now
considering.
The writer does not purpose to consider the enactments
and decisions of the various states of
the Union in the matter of "company stores," but
merely to inquire into the Pennsylvania law on
this subject. Any intention of discussing the
economic status of such stores or the teleological
aspect of such legislation is expressly disclaimed.
this article being devoted entirely to a consideration
of the statute and case law from an hermeneu
tical standpoint.
For the sake of clarity, let us first understand
what we mean by the term "company stores."
If we mean by the appellation a store owned and
operated by a corporation engaged in the business
of mining or manufacturing, then, manifestly, the
right of such corporation to own and operate a
store depends upon the powers conferred upon
the corporation in its charter. The only mining
or manufacturing corporation in Pennsylvania
which could have the power to engage in the general
store business would be such corporations as
were created before the constitution of 1874 by
special act of assembly. If there be any such corporations,
their power to operate a store would
probably be protected by the Constitution of the
United States under the decision in the Dartmcuth
College Case 14 Wheat. 518) from laws passed
subsequent to the date of incorporation, which
purported to take away the rights theretofore
granted. Being numerically negligible, this class
of corporations will not he considered further.
The rule against
DUALITY OF OBJECT OR PURPOSE
would prevent the erection of a corporation, since
the adoption of the Constitution of 1874, which
would have power to mine or manufacture and
operate a general store. It was not merely a
store operated by a mining, manufacturing or
quarrying company directly, but a store whose
directorate or management was interlocked, in
some way, with such company which the legislature
of this state had in mind when it passed the
Acts of April 20, 1874, (P. L. 101, cl. XII, 3 Purdon,
2134) section 43 whereof is as follows:
"Every manufacturing, mining or quarrying company
incorporated under the provisions of this act,
shall be confined exclusively to the purposes of its
creation, as specified in its charter, and no such
company shall manufacture or sell any commodity

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
or article of merchandise other than those therein
specified. No such company shall engage in. nor
shall it permit any of its employes or officials to
engage in, the buying or selling, upon the lands
possessed by it of any wares, goods or commodities
or merchandise, other than those specified in
their charter, or necessary for the manufacture of
the same. No such company shall permit to be
withheld or authorize or direct the withholding
of wages due any of its operatives or employes, by
reason of the sale or furnishing of goods, wares
or merchandise by any person + o such operatives
or employes, unless the same be withheld by reason
of and in ohedience to due process of law. But
nothing herein contained shall prohibit any such
person from supplying to its employes oil. powder
or other articles and implements necessary for or
used in mining."
The construction and application of the section
of the act quoted does not appear to have come
before the Supreme Court of tlvs state. These
matters have, however, been raised before and
considered by able judges of various courts of common
pleas. The
CONCLUSIONS REACHED
in the casts referred to may be briefly stated as
follows:
First—A manufacturing, mining or quarrying
company, incorpoiated under the provisions of that
act, may not engage in the general merchandise
business.
Second—Such corporations may not permit their
officers or employes to engage in such business on
land owned by the corporation.
Third—The section does not prohibit a stockholder,
or even the majority of the stockholders,
of a manufacturing, mining or quarrying company
frorn engaging in the store business, provided that
the two organizations are not identical and do not
constitute a mere device to avoid the provisions of
the statute.
Fourth—The provision in the section forbidding
the withholding of wages on account of the furnishing
of goods is lor the benefit of the workman,
and may be waived by hini.
One of the cases to which we have referred was
tried before the present president judge of the
Superior Court when he was on the common pleas
bench, and is entitled McManaman vs. Hanover
Coal Co., 6 Kulp, 181
The facts and the law in this case are stated in
the charge of the court delivered by Rice, P. J.,
on December 3, 1S90. It was a suit for wages
by a coal miner. It appeared that the plaintiff
had signed a paper whereby he directed and authorized
the Hanover Coal Co. to pay the Sugar
Notch store for goods furnished to him out of
wages due or to become due from tbe Hanover Coal
Co. The w.-iting further transferred and assigned
tc the Sugar Notch store so much of the
moneys which were due or might thereafter become
due from the Hanover Coal Co. as the signatory
then owed or might thereafter owe. It further
appeared that the
AMOUNT OF WAGES CLAIMED
by the plaintiff had been paid by the defendant to
the Sugar Notch sto;e in pursuance of the writing
signed by the plaintiff. It was contended by the
plaintiff that the agreement and the payments
thereunder were void under the provisions of the
43rd section of the Act of 1S74, P. L. 101. The
court held that the portion of this section which
prohibited mar ufacturing, mining and quarrying
companies, or their employes, from engaging in
the sale of goods did not apply for the reason that
the evidence was not sufficient upon which to find
that the Hanover Coal Co. and the Sugar Notch
siore were in any way connected, the court saying
at pages 1S4 and 1S5 of his charge to the jury:
"First, it is very clear beyond all question tnat
this section forbids any manufacturing, mining or
quarrying company incorporated under the provisions
of that act from engaging in the business ot
merchandise—keeping a company store. That is
forbidden as clearly and as positively as language
can do it. It is also clear that it forbids the company
from permitting any of its employes or officials
to engage in the buying or selling of goods,
commodities or merchandise upon the land possessed
by it. Now, then, these provisions being
thus clear and positive and express, it is contended
upon the part of the plaintiff that the Sugar Notch
store and the Hanover Coal Co. are identical, that
they are the same institution, doing business under
different names. The only evidence upon which
this argument is based is tbe evidence that the four
partners, constituting the Sugar Notch store partnership,
arc stockholdei s in the Hanover Coal Co.
I believe they have a majority of the stock. It
is not shown that the Hanover Coal Co., as such,
receives any profit or even any remuneration for
collecting these accounts, as a corporation. It
does not appear that it is interested in any way
in the business of the Sugar Notch store. Now,
under these facts, it is the duty of the court to
declare whethei or not the two concerns are identical.
And our opinion is clear upon that point
that they are not identical, as a matter of law.
While the statute
PROHIBITS THE CORPORATION
lrom engaging in other business than that for
which it is incorporated, it does not forbid the persons
who may own stock in the corparation from
being engaged in other business, and the fact that
some of the stockholders of the defendant company

may be engaged in other business, certainly does
not make the two identical."
As to the provisions of the 43rd section o: the
said Act which prohibit the withholding of wages
except in obedience to process of law, the court
took up the following positions advanced by the
defendant:
First—That this portion of the section was
wholly unconstitutional. This the court denied.
Second—That the prohibition in the section referred
to did not apply where the plaintiff himself
had directed the defendant to apply his wages in
a certain manner. The court sustained this position.
Third—That the act did not apply where the
coal miner had waived his rights and accepted
goods in lieu of cash. This proposition was affirmed
by the court.
Another case on this point ib reported in the
same volume and is entitled Evans vs. Kingston
Coal Co., 6 KuJp, 351. The facts and the law in
this case are taken from the charge ol Judge Woodward
to the jury delivered February 8, 1890. It
was a suit to recover wages oy a coal miner. It
appeared that Evans, the plaintiff, had signed a
writing directed to Edwards & Co. stating that he
wished to purchase goods from the latter and directing
them to collect the price thereof from his
wages accrued or accruing from the Kingston Coal
Co. and providing that the receipt of Edwards & Co.
SHOULD BE A FULL DISCHARGE
of the Coal Co. In pursuance cf this writing,
the goods were delivered to Evans by Edwards &
Co. and the price thereof collected from the Kingston
Coal Co. and deducted from Evans' wages.
It was contended on the part of tbe plaintiff that
this transaction was in violation of the provisions
of Section 43 of the Act of 1874, P. L. 101.
The case was submitted to the jury on the questions
as to whether or not the signature of Evans
to the writing before mentioned was genuine and
as to whether or not the Kingston Coal Co. and
Edwards & Co. constituted a single organization.
On the latter question, the following quotations
from the charge of the court are material:
"It is sufficiently clear to justify us in saying
that the purpose and object of the 43d section of
this act, was to suppress what were known as company
or corporation stores. In the judgment of
the legislature these had grown to be an evil, and
called for legislative intervention. In practice
it came to be true, that the employes about the
mines were practically compelled to deal with the
one particular store, owned or controlled by the
individual or corporation employing them. It was
alleged that in this way injustice was done—first.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
to the employe or workman himself, by unfairly
compelling him or inducing him and his family to
trade at a particular store, and possibly to pay
prices which were exorbitant for the goods which
were purchased; and, secondly, that it was unjust
to the business community, because fair competition
in business is legitimate, and the employes or
workmen should have a right to choose what store
they would deal at. Therefore, as we understand
it, was passed this 43d section ol the act regulating
such corporations. But you observe, gentlemen,
that this act has reference to corporations—
is for the purpose of regulating their right to keep
a store and of preventing them from compelling
their workmen to deal at that store. It has no
effect upon the
NATURAL RIGHT OF THE WORKMAN
to deal where he pleases. It does not affect his
right as a fiee Ameiican citizen to go to any store
and transact business with it under any method
that he chooses. Otherwise, instead ol being a
benefit to the laboring man, it would be an oppressive
injury to him. It leaves him free to deal
where he pleases. If, therefore, a laboring man,
in the exercise of his right, transfers to a merchant
any portion of nis wages as security for a
store account that he is running up with that merchant,
he is just as much bound by that transaction
as any other man would be. There is nothing in
this law which applies to that relation between the
dealer and the buyer.'' (p. 353). *********
"But, gentlemen, there is another question involved
in this case, and that is this: If you shall
find from the testimony in this case that the Kingston
Coal Co. and Edwards & Co., while apparently
two different organizations, were in point of fact
the same corporation, if the parties in the one
company participated in the losses and profits made
by the other—in other words, if, although on their
face, two different corporations or companies or
organizations, they were in point of fact, as I have
said, really one party, then they would come under
the provision of the 43d section of this statute
to which I have called your attention, and the
transaction would be illegal, and because illegal
not to be enforced in a court of justice; and this
plaintiff, although he has obtained these goods and
enjoyed their use, might object to this offset because
it is against the statute, and a contract
against the law is void. But we say to you, gentlemen,
in this connection, that to prove that an incorporated
coal company owns a store in violation
of the law, something more must be shown than
simply that two or more of tiie stockholders of the
coal company are also members of the co-partnership
or firm which runs the store. There must
be evidence sufficient to satisfy the jury that these

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
TWO CONCERNS ARE PRACTICALLY ONE.
that the members of the one paiticipate in the
profits or the losses, or both, of each concern, and
that they do practically control the management
of both. Courts of justice are not established
for the purpose of encouraging 01 appioving any
device, no matter how ingenious it is, to avoid the
true meaning and effect of the statute law. If
this arrangement is a mere subterfuge or trick,
as the plaintiff alleges, and you so find irom the
evidence, then the plaintiff, having dealt witn this
store company, and the store company ueing the
same as the mining company, its contract or agreement
would have no effect, even against mm, and
this offset set up by the defendant would ue ot no
avail against his claim. But we say to you, further,
in this connection, that where a party alleges
artifice and fraud and subterfuge, he is bound to
prove it by the best evidence which the circumstances
of the case permit. it would have been
entirely competent in the present case for the
plaintiff to nave called here Messrs. Beaver and
Edwards and have asked them questions in regard
to this matter of their interest in these two companies.
This has not been done; but it has been
shown to you that Messrs. Beaver and Edwards do
own and control a majority ol the capital stock of
the coal company, and it is claimed that it has
been shown to you that Messrs. Beaver and Edwards
are the partners constituting the firm of
Edwards & Co., who keep the store, and that the
employes at the colliery are in the habit of dealing
there. Are you satisfied from this evidence that
this is the fact? As you find on this point, as I
have already said to you, you will dispose of this
question of the offset in this case, offered by the
defendants, arising out of dealings of the plaintiff
with the store kept by Edwards & Co.
"Verdict for defendant." (pp. 354-356).
The constitutionality of the enactment is assumed
rather than decided in these cases. Ii.
occurs to the writer that the
CONSTITUTIONALITY' OF THE SECTION
might have been contested with some force on the
ground that it was violative of Article 3, Section
7, of the Constitution of 1874, which provides,
among other things:
"The General Assembly shall not pass any local
or special law * * * regulating labor, trade, mining
or manufacturing."
There does not seem to be any reason w : hy a coai
mining company should be subject to such restrictions
as are prescribed by the section, when a lumbering
company, for instance, is not.
Assuming the section to be constitutional, what
can be done in case of its violation? Manifestly,
an employe who had in no way waived his rights
under the act could cjllect his wa-i^s in cash, not
being subject to any setoff for orders received. It
is likewise clear that the operation of the store
by a mining or manufacturing company would be
ultra vires and could be enjoined by proper proceedings.
The act, however, does not provide any
penalty for its violation. It has been held that
the directors of a manufacturing corporation which
operated a store were not personally liable on the
contracts entered into by the corporation in the
conduct of the merchandise business. In the case
of Smucker vs. Duncan et al„ 10 Pa. C. C, 430,
it was held that where a person sells goods to a
manufacturing corporation, for a store which is
operated in connection with the business, in viola
tion of the Act of April 29, 1874, P. L. 106, he can
not recover fiom the directors of the corporation
by reason of the fact that the contract of sale was
ultra vires and in violation ol the said Act.
Bucher, P. J., delivering the opinion of tbe court
on January 29, 1891, said at p. 231:
"Some difficulty arises out of Section 43 of the
Act of April 29, 1874, P. L. 106, by which manufacturing
CORPORATIONS ARE FORBIDDEN
to engage in the sale of commodities not manufactured
by the corporation itself, nor permit its employes
to sell such goods upon the lands possessed
by such corporation; and it may well be that such
corporation could be enjoined from so doing. But
when goods are purchased, as in this case, can the
company or the vendor raise the question and have
it determined in this collateral proceeding? We
think not. Both vendor and company are estopped.
No penalty is attached to the violation of this section,
nor is it declared that all contracts are void
when made for merchandise prohibited to be sold
by such corporation."
A few months after the rendition of the decision
in the case last above cited, the legislature passed,
and the governor approved, an Act which is in
pari materia, to a greater extent, with the Act of
1874. The later act is more verbose, but a narrow
reading of it shows that it is not much more
than a re-enactment of the earlier statute. The
later Act, which was approved on June 9, 1891,
does provide a penalty for its violation, a provision,
doubtless, inspired by the decision in
Schmuckcr vs. Duncan (supra) which called attention
to tbe fact that the Act of 1874 could be
violated apparently with impunity.
The Act of June 9, 1891, (P. L. 256, Sections 1-4,
3 Pardon, 2616) is in the following words:
"On and after the passage of this act it shall
not be lawful for any mining or manufacturing
corporation of this commonwealth, or the officers
or stockholders of any such corporation, acting in
behalf or in the interest of any such corporation,

to engage in or carry on, by direct or indirect
means, any stoie known as a company store, general
supply store or store where goods and merchandise
other than such as have been mined or
manufactured by the mining or manufacturing corporation,
of which said officers or stockholders are
members, are kept or offered for sale.
"No mining or manufacturing corporation engaged
in business under the laws of this commonwealth
shall lease, grant, bargain or sell to any
officer or stockholder of any such corporation, nor
to any other person or persons whatsoever
THE RIGHT TO KEEP OR MAINTAIN
upon the property of any such corporation any
company, general supply or other store in which
goods other than those mined or manufactured
by the corporation granting such right shall be
kept or exposed for sale whenever such lease, grant,
bargain or sale as aforesaid is intended to defeat
the provisions of the first section of this act. Nor
shall any such mining or manufacturing corporation,
through its cfficers, stockholders or by any
rule or regulation of its business, make any contract
with the keeper or owners of any store,
whereby the employes of such corporation shall be
obliged to trade with such keeper or owner, and
that any such contract made in violation of this
act, shall be prima facie evidence of tbe fact that
such store is under the control of such mining or
manufacturing corporation and in violation of this
Act.
"For any violation of any of the provisions of
this act by any mining or manufacturing corporation
aforesaid, such mining or manufacturing corpoiation
so offending shall forfeit all charter
rights granted to it under the laws of this commonwealth,
and it, is hereby declared and made
the duty of the attorney general of this commonwealth,
upon complaint cf such violation of any
of the provisions of this act by a petition signed
and sworn to by two or more citizens, residents of
the county where the offense is sworn to have been
committed, to immediately commence proceedings
against the corporation or corporations complained
against by a writ of quo warranto.
"All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with this
act are hereby repealed."
This act has never, so far as we can find, been
before the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. The
decisions under the Act of 1S74, would seem, however,
to apply with equal force to the Act of June
9, 1891, with the reservation that tbe latter act
contains no prohibition against the payment of
wages in merchandise, as does the former. The
Act of June 9, 1891, does not appear to be objectionable,
in its main features, so far as its eonstituionality
is concerned, except, perhaps, that it
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
UNDULY' DISCRIMINATES
against mining and manufacturing corporations.
A former attorney general filed two opinions
upon petitions for writs of quo Warranto under
this act, granting one and refusing the other. The
importance of the first opinion lies in the tact
that the attorney general took the position that
the question as to whether or not proceedings
should be instituted for its violation was discretionary
with him, and", if he did not think that the
litigation would be successful, he might refuse to
prosecute. The second opinion seems to speak
with less assurance on this point.
The opinion in the case of Funk et al. vs. Cambria
Iron Co., 17 Pa. C. C, 415, was delivered on
February 25, 1896. Tie case arose on a petition
to the attorney general praying that he file a suggestion
for a writ of quo warranto against the
Cambria Iron Co. for conducting a company store
known as "The Fenn Traffic Co., Ltd." The purpose
ol the proceeding was to revoke the charter
of the Cambria Iron Co. under Section 3 of the
Act of 1891, P. L. 257. The petition followed the
language of the Act and continued the necessary
averments in general language.
The respondent filed an answer swern to by its
secretary and treasurer and also filed various affidavits
of its officers and of officers of The Penn
Traffic Co., Ltd., denying every averment in the
petition, and specifically alleging that the Cambria
Iron Co. was not connected with or interested in.
beneficially or otherwise, The Penn Traffic Co., Ltd.
Attorney General McCormick retused to file the
suggestion, holding that his duty in this regard
was discretionary and only to be exercised in case
he thought the litigation would be successful.
At page 418 of his opinion, the attorney general
said:
"I think a complaint, which would authorize the
intervention of the commonwealth, should be such
as at least to make a prima facie case, and that
the writ ought not to be allov, ed where it is apparent
the litigation would nol be successful in
the courts."
Attorney General McCormick delivered the opinion
in Price et al. vs. Sonman Coal Mining Co., 20
Pa. C. C, 287, on January 4, 1898.
In this case, the attorney general granted the
prayer of the petition and filed a suggestion for a
writ of quo warranto, saying at p. 288:
"In every case where the law is known to have
been violated by any corporation, and complaint
is made to this department by a 'petition signed
and sworn to by two or more citizens,' prompt
action will be taken to
FORFEIT THE CHARTER
of such offending corpoiation."
It should be noted that officers and stockholders

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of a mining or manufacturing corporation are only
forbidden to engage in the store business when
they are acting on behalf of the mining or manufacturing
corporation. The sale or leasing of the
right to operate a store on property owned by
such corporation is only prohibited when such sale
or lease is made in order to defeat the other provisions
of the act. The regulation requiring employes
of a miniDg or manufacturing corporation
to deal at a particular store, is only prima facie
evidence that the store is controlled by such corporation.
The possible effect of the Sherman Anti-Trust
Act (26 Stat., 209) has not been considered, for
the reason that the possibility of a company store
being engaged in interstate commerce seems too
remote to me; it attention. The provisions of this
far-ieaching act might, of course, be called into
play in proceeding against a holding company
owning the stock of mining or manufacturing companies
and stores operated in connection therewith,
in different states; but that question is beyond
the scope of this article.
II—STORE ORDER ACTS.
Anothei species of legislation, which has been
aimed at alieged abuses in the conduct ot "company
stores," is known as the "Store Order Act."
The object of such a statute is to prevent the payment
ot laborers by goods or merchandise, orders
or checks, or in anything else than in lawful money
of the realm. The English Parliament attempted
to deal with the subject, in connection with "cloth
makers," as early as 1464, (4 Edw. IV., 3 Statutes
at Large, 370) and has since that time passed
statutes known as "Truck Acts," which prohibit
the employer from paying, or the employe from
receiving, wages in any other form than cash.
The powers of Parliament not being limited by a
constitution as the scope of legislation is in the
United States, no question as to the constitutionality
of these enactments has ever been raised in
England.
The constitutionality of "store order acts," more
or less similar, has been raised in a number of the
courts of last resort in various states. It is not
our intention to discuss all these decisions, but
merely to refer to them, in passing. Most of these
statutes are made applicable only to a particular
kind or particular kinds of corporations. For
this reason, they have been held in a number of
states to violate constitutional provisions providing
for due process of law. It has been held
that such acts classify without differentiating. In
other states it has been held that enactments providing
that the wages of labor shall be paid only
in lawful money of the United States, constitute
an infringement on the liberty of contract alike
of employer and employe, and are, therefore, be­
yond the power of legislatures to enact. It is
said that they proceed on the theory that the employer
is a knave and the employe an imbecile.
"Store order acts" have oeen held unconstitutional
in Illinois, .Missouri, Colorado and Kansas
In West Virginia, the earlier statutes were condemned
as violative ot the "due process of law"
clause, but a later act, in which this objectionable
feature was removed, was upheld.
In several states
"STORE OLDER ACTS" HAVE BEEN UPHELD
when applied to corporations, on the ground that
these bodies politic are licensees of the state and
that the state has reserved the power to amend
their charters and control their actions. In other
states, such statutes have been held to be a valid
exercise of the police power of the state. It is
said that there is no such thing as absolute freedom
of contract, and that it is competent for a
state to provide safeguards for its citizens and
for the ultimate welfare cf the commonwealth on
the ground that the whole community cannot be
greater than all its parts.
On these theories, of others, "store order acts"
have been sustained in Tennessee, Indiana and
Vermont.
The case involving the Tennessee act was appealed
to the Supreme Court of the United States,
where it was known as Knoxville Iron Co. vs. Harbison,
and reported at 183 U. S., 13. The act in
question provided, interalia:
"That all persons, firms, corporations, and companies
using coupons, scrip, punchouts, store
orders or other evidences of indebtedness to pay
their or its laborers and employes, for labor or
otherwise, shall, if demanded, redeem the same in
the hands of such laborer, employe, or bona fide
holder, in lawful money of the United States,"
The contention was, of course, that the act vio
lated the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution
of the United States, which provides that no
state shall "deprive any person of life, liberty or
property without due process of law; nor deny to
any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection
of the laws." The Supreme Court of the
United States refused to sustain this contention,
and held that the statute did not offend against
the Constitution of the United States.
The following language, in the opinion of the
Tennessee Supreme Court, was quoted with approval
by the Supreme Court of the United States:
"The legislature evidently deemed the laborer
AT SOME DISADVANTAGE
under existing laws and customs, and by this act
undertook to ameliorate his condition in some
measure by enabling him or his bona fide transferee,
at his election and at a proper time, to demand
and receive his unpaid wages in money

ather than in something less valuable. Its tendency,
though slight it may be, is to place the employer
and employe upon equal ground in the matter
of wages, find, so far as calculated to accomplish
that end, it deserves commendation. Being
general in its operation and enforceable by ordinary
suit, and being unimpeached and unimpeachable
upon other constitutional grounds, the act
is entitled to full recognition, as the 'law of the
land' and 'due process of law' as to the matters
embraced, without reference to the state's police
power, as was held of an act imposing far greater
restrictions upon the right of contract, in the
case of Dagger vs. Mechanics' & T. Ins. Co., 95
Tenn., 245. L. R. A. 796, 32 S. W. 5. and as had
been previously decided in respect of other limiting
statutes therein meutioned, 95 Tenn., 253, 254,
28 L. R. A., 799, 32 S W. 6, 7.
"Furthermore, the passage of this act was a
legitimate exercise of police power, and upon that
ground also the legislation is well sustained. The
first right of a state, as of a man, is self-protection,
and with the state that right involves the
universally acknowledged power and duty to enact
and enforce all such laws not in plain conflict with
some provision of the state or Federal Constitution
as may rightly be deemed necessary or expedient
for the safety, health, morals, comfort, and
welfare of its people."
Referring to this case, the Supreme Court of the
United States said, in the case of Lochner vs. New
York, 19S U. S„ 45:
"The employes in that case were held to be at
a disadvantage with the employe in matter of
wages, they being miners and coal workers, and
the act simply provided for the cashing of coal
orders when presented by the miner to the employer."
PENNSYLVANIA'S FTRST "STORE ORDER ACT"
was passed June 29, 1881. (P. L. 147, 2 Brightly's
Purdon's Digest, 1010). Its provisions are as follows:
"Section 1. All persons, firms, companies, corporations
or associations in this commonwealth en
gaged in mining coal, ore or other mineral, or
mining and manufacturing them, or either of them,
or manufacturing iron or steel, or both, or any.
other kind of manufacturing, shall pay their employes
as provided in this act.
"Section 2. All persons, firms, companies, corporations
or associations, engaged in the business
aforesaid, shall settle with their employes at least
once in each month, and pay them the amounts
due them for their work or services in lawful
money of the United States or by the cash order
as described and required in section three of this
act: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
affect the right of an employe to assign the whole
or any part of his claim against his employer.
"Section 3. It shall not be lawful for any person,
firm, company, corporation or association.
their clerk, agent, officer or servant, in this state.
to issue for payment of labor, any order or other
paper whatsoever, unless the same purports to be
redeemable for its face value in lawful money of
the United States, bearing interest at legal rate,
made payable to employe or bearer, and redeemable
within a period of thirty days, by tbe person.
firm, company, corporation or association, giving,
making or issuing tbe same; and any person, firm
company, corporation or association engaged in
the business aforesaid, their clerk, agent, officer
or servant, who shall issue for payment of labor
any paper or order, other than the one herein specified,
in violation of this section, shall be guilty
of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, shall be
fined in any sum not exceeding one hundred dollars,
in the discretion of the court, which shall go
to the common school fund of the district wherein
the crime shall have been committed.
"Section 4. It shall be unlawful for any person,
firm, company, corporation or association
ENGAGED IN MINING OP, MANUFACTURING,
either or both, as aforesaid, and who shall likewise
be either engaged, or interested, directly or indirectly,
in merchandising, as owner or otherwise,
in any money, per cent, profit or commission arising
from the sale of any such merchandise, their
clerks, servants, officers or agents, to knowingly
and wilfully sell or cause to be sold to any employe,
any goods, merchandise, or supplies, whatever,
for a greater per cent, of profit than merchandise
and supplies of like character, kind,
quality and quantity are sold to their customers
buying for cash and not employed by them; and
shall any person or member of any firm, company.
corporation or association, his or their clerk, agent
or servant, violate this section of this act, then
and in that case, the debt for the goods so sold
shall not be collectible against the employe so
purchasing.
"Section 5 If any person, firm, company, corporation
or association shall refuse, for the space
of twenty days, to settle and pay any of their
said employes, at the intervals of time as provided
in section two of this act, or shall neglect
or refuse to redeem any of (the) cash orders
herein provided for. within the time specified, if
presented and suit should be brought for the
amount over-due and unpaid, judgment for the
amount of said claim proven to be due and unpaid,
with a penalty of one per centum of such
amount added thereto, for each and every month's
delay, shall be rendered in favor of the plaintiff

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
in such action: Provided, further, that the cash
order, herein provided for, given for the payment
of labor, if the laborer continues to hold the same,
in case of the insolvency of the company or person
or firm or corporation giving the same, such
laborer shall not lose his lien and preference
under existing law.
"Section 6. All laws or parts of laws, inconsistent
herewith, be an 1 the same are hereby repealed."
This act was cast out root and branch by the
Supreme Court in the case of Godcharles and Co,
vs. Wigeman, 113 Pa., 431, on the ground that it
was an unwarrantable
INFRINGEMENT BY HIE LEGISLATURE
on the freedom of contract. The disposition of
the court in regard to this case may be gathered
from the following excerpt from the opinion of the
court delivered by Air. Chief Justice Gordon on
October 4, 1886:
"It requires no argument to establish the correctness
of this ruling, hence we attempt none.
The seventh assignment must be sustained. The
orders given by the defendants and received by
tbe plaintiff constituted a proper set-off. The
first, second, third and fourth sections of the Act
of June 29, 1881, are utterly unconstitutional and
void, inasmuch as by them an attempt has been
made by the legislature to do what, in this country,
cannot be done; that is, prevent persons who
are sui juris from making their own contracts.
The act is an infringement alike of the right of
the employer and the employe; more than this, it
is an insulting attempt to put the laborer under
a legislative tutelage, which is not only degrading
to his manhood, but subversive of his rights as a
citizen of the United States.
"He may sell his labor for wha.t he thinks best,
whether money or goods, just as his employer may
sell his iron or coal, and any and every law that
proposes to prevent him from so doing is an infringement
of his constitutional privileges, and
consequently vicious and void."
In the case of Kettering vs. The Imperial Coal
Co., 32 P. L. J.. 359, tried in Allegheny county on
April 6, 1885, Judge Ewing had assumed the constitutionality
of the Act of 1881, and had refused
to allow store orders to be set-off against a suit
for wages by a coal miner on the ground that the
contract whereby tbe miner agreed to accept the
same in lieu of cash was executory. On October
31, 1885, Judge Rice, then on the common plebs
bench, held that, although an employe might decline
to receive anything but cash in payment of
his wages, yet, if he did receive goods in payment
thereof, he thereby
WATVED HIS RIGHT TO DEMAND CASH.
In other words, this case, Row vs. Haddock, 3 Lu­
zerne L. R., 501, held that the provisions of the
Act of 1881 were for tlie benefit of the miner and
might be waived by him.
Since the decision in Godcharles and Co. vs.
Wigeman (supra), the importance of the Act of
1881 rests entirely upon the similarity of its provisions
to those of the later Store Order Act of
.May 20, 1891. Inasmuch as this similarity is
very strong, the decisions under the earlier act
are pertinent as to the construction and constitu
tionality of the later act.
The Act of May 20, 1891 (P. L. 90, Sees. 1—4,
4 Purdon's Digest, 5056) is as follows:
"From and after a period of two months subsequent
to the date of the passage of this act, every
individual, firm, association or corporation employing
wageworkers, skilled or ordinary laborers
engaged at manual or clerical work, in the business
of mining or manufacturing, or any other employes,
shall make payment in lawful money of
the United States to the said employes, laborers
and wagewoikers, or to their authorized representatives:
the first payment to be made between the
first and fifteenth, and the second payment between
the- fifteenth and thirtieth of each month,
the full net amount of wages or earnings due said
employes, laborers' and wageworkers upon the first
and fifteenth instant of each and every month
wherein such payments are made. And in case
any individual, firm, corporation or association or
other employer, shall refuse to make payment when
demanded, upon the dates herein set forth, to
wageworkers, laborers or other employes employed
by or with the authority of such individual,
firm, corporation or association or other employer,
the said individual, the members of the firm, the
directors, officers and superintendents or managers
of said corporation and associations, shall be guilty
of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, shall be
sentenced to pay a fine not to exceed two hundred
dollars.
"No assignment of future wages, payable semimonthly,
under the provisions of this act, shall be
valid, nor shall anv agreement be valid that relieves
the said firms, individuals, corporations or
associations from the obligation to pay semimonthly,
and in the lawful money of the United
States.
"It is hereby made tbe
DUTY OI' THE FACTORY INSPECTOR
and his deputies to bring actions in the name of
the commonwealth, against every individual, firm,
corporation and association violating the provisions
of this law, upon the request of any citizen
of this commonwealth. Upon his failure to do so,
any citizen of this commonwealth is hereby authorized
to do so in the name of the commonwealth.
"All laws or parts of laws inconsistent with the

provisions of this act be and the same are hereby
repealed."
The Act of May 20, 1S91, does not appear to have
been before the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
Its construction and constitutionality have, however,
been considered by the Superior Court and
by various courts of common pleas, and the conclusions
of the courts in these cases, we will now
give.
The case of Showalter vs. Ehlan and Rowe, 5
Pa. Super. Ct., 242, was an action of assumpsit
by a miner to recover wages. Defendants claimed
that goods had been purchased by the plaintiff
out of its store at Meyersdale to the full amount
of the wages claimed. The facts of this case are
not in dispute and are substantially given in the
following excerpt from the testimony of one of the
defendants:
"The plaintiff was employed mining by the ton.
He was regularly paid each monthly pay dav, about
the 20th. I settled with him myself. No rule
required him to buy at the defendant's store; he
could buy or not; he could go elsewhere. There
was no compulsion; he did not object to the settlements.
Settled with him every month for the
preceding month in that way. The account was
always squared. There was never any objection "
And on cross-examination, he said:
"Monthly statements were made showing the
amount of his work and amount of his bill for oil
and powder, and also his store account, and that
put in an envelope and handed to him. Gave him
the envelope and handed him the money coming
to him. That was the only settlement there was.
During the last two months he worked, September
and October, 1S95, he did not get the statements;
he never called for them."
It was contended on the part of the plaintiff
that the
SUMS OWING FOR THE GOODS
so bought could not be set off against his claim
for wages by reason of the Act of May 20, 1891,
P. L. 96. It does not appear when this action was
brought, but it was No. 91 February Term, 1896, of
the Common Pleas Court of Somerset County.
In his opinion, Judge Longenecker held that the
settlements made by the miner with his employers,
who were the owners of the store, constituted a
valid and binding contract, the liberty to enter
into which could not be impaired by the legislature.
The lower court, however, held that inasmuch
as there had been no settlement for the
months of September and October, 189i5, this rule
could not be applied to the claim for wages for
those months; furthermore, that the debt of the
plaintiff for goods could not be set off against his
claim for wages.
The Superior Court held that the lower court
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
was correct in holding that the attempt of the
legislature, by virtue of the Act of 1891, P. L. 96,
to infringe upon the freedom of contract was unconstitutional;
and furthpr held that the debt ot
the plaintiff for goods purchased could be set off
against his claim for wages. The lower court
had gone upon the assumption that there was no
agreement that the price of the gcods sold to the
plaintiff should be credited on the account of his
labor, but the Superior Court held that the evidences
showed clearly that it was the understanding
between the plaintiff and the defendants that
the goods furnished him, from time to time, were
received on account of his wages.
The effect of the Act of 1891, P. L. 256, does not
seem to have been raised by counsel nor considered
by the court.
In the case of Bauer vs. Reynolds, 14 Pa. C. C,
497. it was held that the Act of May 20, 1891, P.
L. 96, Section 2, applied only to wage workers engaged
in mining and manufacturing and not in
lumbering. It was also contended that the said
Act was unconstitutional. As to this, Noves. P.
J., in delivering the opinion of the court on April
23. 1S94, said at pp. 497 and 498:
"Whether so or not,
THE ACT TS HICHT.Y' PENAL,
and must be strictly construed. It applies only
to wage workers engaged in mining and manufacturing,
and the business of lumbering is not mining,
and does not necessarily involve manufacturing,
hence we cannot say that the case before us
falls within the prohibition of the Act. Further
than this the Act requires only that payment
should be made semi-monthly of wages due, it
does not require the employer to anticipate the
payment of wages which by special contract are
not due. It is likely that the intention was to
compel the semi-monthly payment of Wages regardless
of the agreement of the parties, but the courts
can never help out so inequitable a law by construction.
"But if the meaning of the draughtsman had
been so clearly expressed as to leave no room for
construction, the law would be plainly beyond the
power of the legislature so far at least as it
amounts to making a contract between parties
against their will. We may concede that the legislature
may make void contracts as against public
policy, and that it is the sole and irresponsible
judge of what is against the best interests of the
community, and that the contract set up by the
defendant being to pay once instead of twice a
month is void. The result is not, as seems to be
supposed, to give the plaintiff a right to recover
his wages before they are due, hut to defeat his
recovery altogether. The law may refuse contracts
which are against public policy, hut it can-

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
not bind parties to each other against their will
or upon terms to which they have not agreed. The
plaintiff's right to recover rests upon a contract,
and if the contract is il'egal the law may refuse
to enforce it, but it cannot substitute another.
Where the parties expressly agreed to make payment
on the 20th of each month, there is no possible
ground for implying a contract to pay on the
1st and 15th. Gcdcharles vs. Wigeman, 113 Pa.,
437, is fully in point, and McMasters vs. Norman
School, 12 Pa. C. C. It., 481, and Lee vs. Lewis,
lb., 567, decided under the
MECHANIC'S LIEN LAW OF 1891
go further than is required by the case before us,
and the recent decision of the Supreme Court in
Ballman vs. Hereon, 160 Pa., 377, indicates that
the conclusions reached in these cases will be
adopted by the Supreme Court."
The opinion of the court in Commonwealth vs
Isenberg and Royland, 4 D. R., 579, was delivered
by Gordon, P. J., on August 3, 1895.
In this case, the defendants were indicted on a
charge of violating the semi-monthly pay law of
May 20, 1891, P. L. 96. Tbe court held the law
unconstitutional on the ground that it was an attempt
to prevent persons who were sui jiuris from
making their own contracts. The court further
remarked that the law was unjust In that it made
the employer criminally liable for failure to pay
wages as provided in the Act, regardless of his
contract with the employe and in spite of misfortunes
which might overtake the employer. It
was contended, in this case, that the Act of 1891
was unconstitutional by reason of the fact that it
was special legislation, in that it applied only to
those engaged "in the business of mining and
manufacturing," but the court did not pass upon
this contention.
The case of Sally vs. Berwind-White Coal Mining
Co., 5 D. R., 316, was a suit for wages earned
by the plaintiff in digging coal as an employe of
the defendant. The defense was as follows:
That the plaintiff was desirous of obtaining provisions,
for himself, and family, on credit, from
the Elk Run Supply Co., a firm conducting a general
store in the vicinity of the mire where the
plaintiff was employed, and to that end arranged
with the said Supply Co. to furnish him with provisions,
etc., and to present the bills therefor to
the defendant, who was requested by the plaintiff
to pay the same as they were presented from time
to. time, and deduct the amount thereof from the
wages due him; that
IN PURSUANCE OF THE ARRANGEMENT.
the Elk Run Supply Co. did furnish the plaintiff
with such goods and merchandise as he wanted
and presented the bills to the defendant for payment,
and the defendant, in compliance with both
the written and verbal request of the plaintiff,
paid the said bills, from time to time, as they
were presented, and deducted the amount thereof
from tbe wages due the plaintiff, and paid the balance,
if any, in cash, and on March 16, 1895, paid
the plaintiff $3.06 which was in full of the balance
due him, and the plaintiff then signed and delivered
to the defendant a receipt for said sum of
$3.06, stating therein that it was in full to date
and in commutation of all accounts to March 1,
1895."
The plaintiff entered a rule for judgment for
want of a sufficient affidavit of defense on the
ground that the manner of the payment of his
wages as set forth in the affidavit was in violation
of the second section of the Act of May 20, 1891,
P. L. 96, which provides as follows:
"No assignment of future wages, payable semimonthly,
under the provisions of this Act, shall
be valid, nor shall any agreement be valid that
relieves the said firm, individuals, corporations or
associations from the obligation to pay semimonthly
in lawful money of the United States."
Reed, P. J., on February 10, 1896, discharged the
rule holding that the section of the Act above referred
to was unconstitutional under the ruling
laid down in Godcharles and Co. vs. Wigeman, 113
Pa., 437, in which the second section of the Act
of June 29, 1881, P. L. 147, was held uniconstitutional.
In the case of James Hamilton vs. C. Jutte & Co.,
16 Pa. C. C, 193, Ewing, P. J., on February 27,
1815, charged the jury, in effect, that an employe
might waive his right under the Act of May 20,
1891, to receive his wages in cash and might consent
to receive his pay in store orders. His Honor
said -
"No act of assembly can prevent a man from
making a contract to accept payment in any way
he pleases."
In view of the conflict in tbe decisions on the
validity of "store order acts," in the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania ancl the Supreme Court of
the United States, an interesting question might
arise in the event of the
VALIDITY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA ACT
of May 20, 1891, being judicially raised in a Federal
tribunal. Would the act be sustained under
the ruling in Knoxville Iron Co. vs. Harbison, 183
U. S., 13, or would the action fail and the statute
be held unconstitutional following the decision in
Godcharles and Co. vs. Wigeman, 113 Pa., 431, on
the Act of 1881 and the holdings of the Superior
Court and the various lower courts on the Act of
1891? The answers to these questions depend
upon whether or not the Federal Court would find
that the unconstitutionalty of the Act of 1891 was
settled by the decisions in Pennsylvania. It is

to be remembered in this connection that the question
as to the constitutionality of the Act of 1891
has never been decided by the Supreme Court of
this state, although it would seem that the piinciple
which determines tlie question has been established.
The geneial rule undoubtedly is that the Federal
Courts will follow the decisions of the State
Courts of last resort on the question of the interpretation
and construction ol the statutes of the
state and as to the division of the functions of government
between the legislature and the judiciary.
This doctiine is expressed in The Lessee of Edward
Livingston et al. vs. John Moore et al., 7
Peters, 469, as follows:
"Now the relation in >hich our circuit courts
stand to the states in which they respectively sit
and act is precisely that of their own courts, especially
when adjudicating on cases where state lands
cr state statutes came under adjudication. When
we find principles distinctly settled by adjudication,
and known and acted upon as the law of the
land, we have no mora right to question them or
deviate from them than could be correctly exercised
by their own tribunals."
If the Federal Court should take the view that
the constitutionality of the Act of 1891 was not
settled or that it was a question of general jurisprudence
and not one of local application, it is conceivable
that the decision of the Federal Courts
might be different frcm that of the state courts.
It was said in the case of Burgess vs. Seligman,
107 U. S., 20. that it would be a dereliction of duty
for a court of the United States "not to exercise an
independent judgment in cases not
FORECLOSED BY PREVIOUS ADJUDICATION."
It was held in Johnston vs. Western Union Tel.
Co., 33 Fed. Rep., 362, that in the case of a controversy
between citizens of different states, a
Federal Court would not be bound by a decision of
the court of last resort of the state, where the case
was tried, when the question in dispute was one
of general jurisprudence.
Tbe propriety of disregarding the decisions of
the couits of Pennsylvania which se?m to settle,
so far as they arc concerned, the unconstitutionality
of the Act oT 1S91 being at best doubtful, it
is probable that the Federal Courts would follow
the lead of the State Courts in condemning the
Act of 1891.
What, then, is the legal status of a "company
store" in Pennsylvania? Not being on the witness
stand, we have endeavored to explain first;
but now it is our duty to answer. Endeavoring
to crowd our answer into the proverbial nut-shell,
it is this:
First—A mining, manufacturing or quarrying
company incorporated under the general incorpora­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
tion act of 1874 may not operate a general store,
directly or indirectly.
Second—There is no prohibition against the
stockholders of such corporation engaging in the
geneial store business as partners or stockholders
in a separate and distinct corporation.
Third—But, if the mining or manufacturing corporation
and the store company are identicalin
fact, though not in name, and if the former shares
in the profits and losses of the latter or if the
store is really operated in behalf of the mining or
manufacturing corporations, the charter of the
latter may be forfeited.
Fourth—A mining, manufacturing or quarrying
corporation may not sell to its officers or stockholders
ihe right to operate a store on the property
of the corporation in ordpr to evade the law.
Fifth—An arrangement whereby tbe employes of
a mining, manufacturing or quarrying company are
REQUIRED TO DEAL AT A STORE
in prima facie evidence that the store is under the
control of such corporation.
As to "store order acts," it may only be said that
tbe legislature of Pennsylvania has written two
on the statute books. The first was condemned
as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
If the decision of the Supreme Court
is to be followed, undoubtedly the second must also
fall. The Superior Cotut and numerous courts
of common pleas have already branded the later
act as unconstitutional. To hold otherwise the
Supreme Court would be obliged to overrule the
principle laid down in Godcharles and Co. vs.
Wigeman (supra) and reaffirmed in Durkin vs.
Kingston Coal Co., 171 Pa., 193, and Waters vs.
Wolf. Exrx., 162 Pa., 153.
Whether or not ingenuity may devise a "store
order act" which will eliminate the objectionable
features of the present act is matter for speculation.
It would seem that no store order act could
stand against the proposition that a man "may
sell his labor for what he thinks best, whether
money or go^ds, just as his employer may sell his
iron or coal and any and every law that proposes
to prevent him from so doing is an infiingement
of his constitutional privileges, and consequently,
vicious and void."
Strong as this expression is, we should not shut
our eyes to the fact that the modern tendency of
the courts is to sustain legislative enactments infringing
on the freedom of contract on the theory
that such legislation is a valid exercise of the
police power o f the state.
The Consolidation Coal Co. cf Marvland has declared
the regular quarterly dividend of l!/> per
cent, on 11s capital stock, pavable Jan. 81, to stockholders
of record at the close of business Jan. S3.

36 TIIE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ANTHRACITE ROADS ASK MODIFICATION
OF SUPREME COURT DECISION.
The railroads affected by the Supreme Court's
recent decision in the so-called Anthracite Trust
hearing have petitioned for a modification of the
decree to permit them to continue the so-called 65
per cent, contracts with coal companies which have
leased coal lands of them. The court held the
contracts in violation of the Sherman anti-trust
law.
In their petitions tbe railroads ask to have excepted
from the decree those 65 per cent, contracts
which, they assert, are made with companies not
"independents."
The Pennsylvania Coal Co. petitioned that, it had
leased some of its coal lands to the Elk Hill Coal
& Iron Co. on condition that ccal be sold to it at
the 65 per cent, rate: tbe New York, Susquehanna
& Western Coal Co. stated it had leased coal land.,
to Jermyn & Co. on similar terms; the Hillside
Coal & Iron Co. that it had leased likewise to the
Lackawanna Coal Co., limited, the Delaware,
Lackawanna & Western railroad had leased under
similar terms to the People's Ccal Co. and the
George F. Lee Coal Co.
The petitioners contend these contracts did not
violate the Sherman anti-trust law because they
were not between railroad coal companies and "independents,"
but merely the railroad companies
and contractors.
Lest the lower court, charged with the duty of
enforcing the decree, should take a different view,
the Supreme Court is asked to modify its decree
so as to except specifically these contracts from
its operation.
GREENE COUNTY, PA., COAL VALUATION
FIXED FOR TRIENNIAL ASSESSMENTS.
The board of county commissioners of Greene
county, Pa., Jan. 22, fixed the valuation of coaL
lands preparatory to the triennial assessment.
The values decided on are:
Aleppo township, $30; Cumberland township,
$130; Crucible Coal Co. coal in Cumberland township,
$250; Carmichaels, $130; Center township,
S50; Clarksville, $130; Dunkard township, $130;
Franklin township, $75; Greene township, $130;
Gilmore township. $35; Graysville, $40; Jackson
township, $35; Jefferson township, $130; Jefferson
borough, $130; Morgan township, $130; Mononga
hela township, $130; Morris township, $50; Mt.
Morris borough, $180, Perry township, $100; Rich-
-hill township, $35; Rices Landing borough, $250;
Springhill township $30; Wayne township, $70;
•Washington township, S1C0; Whiteley township,
WW. :,:• ?« -. '. ' '•-'
STATE MINE INSPECTOR RECOMMENDS
AMENDMENT TO WYOMING MINING LAW
State Coal Mine Inspector W. E. Jones, of Wyoming,
in his annual report to Gov. Carey, suggests
a number of amendments to the existing state mining
laws. Among them are:
A standard grade of miners' oil be prescribed
that will eliminate the enormous amount of smoke;
rock stoppings for cross entries, as well as main
entries; that it be made unlawful to leave powder
lie around promiscuously and unprotected: that
tbe miners should be required to notify their neighbors
before firing a shot; a fuse should not be
lighted before the hole has been properly tamped;
Ihe practice ol lighting two or more shots simultaneously
where the success of one is dependent
upon the success of another should be prohibited;
blasting should be reduced to once a day; the
mines should be inspected daily by the mine boss
or some other competent peison, and the law- to
this effect should be rigidly enforced: a qualification
act for underground employes; compensation
for death or injury; maximum number of men to
single current of air should be 50, instead of 100;
each mine should be equipped with substantia] telephone
service; fan bouses should be built of noncombustible
material and the fan placed in such
position as to guarantee its safety in case of explosions.
Mr. James C. Dunn, president of the Great West
Coal Co., which holds 1.118 acres of coal at Edmonmn,
Alta.. announces that new cutting machines
and other equipment will be installed this year,
with a view to increasing the production to from
700 to 1,000 tons a day. Tbe present output, is
250 tons daily. The new machinery to be installed
will be for long-wall work. There will
also be added facilities for grading the output of
the mine.
The Kentucky-Jewel Coal Co., Hazel, Ky., has
begun work on the entry of the first large coal
operation in Perry county, Ky., and is being pushed
with the object of driving a double heading during
the winter months, while outside work is impracticable.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. officials
have finally passed upon the plans and issued the
order for the erection of two immense modern
breakers at Brookdale, near Pottsville, Pa.
The W. G. Wilkins Co. of Pittsburgh is preparing
plans for the erection of 200 rectangular ovens
of tbe pusher type for the Sykesville Coke Co. at
Sykesville. Pa. • - • r" • .••••.-• -

MONONGAHELA RIVER CONSOLIDATED
COAL AND COKE COMPANY'S ANNUAL
REPORT.
The thirteenth annual report to the stockholders
of the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke
Co. has been made public. It shows the condition
of the concern at the close of the fiscal yeac ending
October 31, 1912, and says in part:
Trade improvement in the fiscal year balanced
its special difficulties. The river was frozen up
for 48 days during the months of January and
February, when no loading at the river tipples
was done—and there was an entire suspension of
all operations during the month of April in negotiating
a labor wage scale—which together matcliaily
de:reascd production and lessened profits
from the Transputtation Department; but both
were offset by an unusual demand during the lake
shipping season, and a betterment in prices.
The steamers Iron Age, W. W. O'Neil, Ed. Roberts
and Hemy Louroy, together with the Tug
Thcs. Heidel, being out ot commission, entirely dismantled,
and valued on the books at $142,452.11,
with a depreciation fund of only $50,753.07 to the
credit of the account, left a balance of $91,699.01
unprovided for. It was decided as an equitable
disposition of such Dalance to charge one-half, or
$45,849.52, against the profits of the fiscal yeai
just ended, and the other half against the undivided
earnings account, for the reason that some
of these boats have been out of commission for
several years.
Statement of earnings and surplus: Year ending
October 31, 1912:
PiGfits from operation of the main and
subsidiary companies for year ending
Oct. 31, 1912, after deducting all expenses,
including maintenance and repairs
of mine equipment, etc., ancl $474,-
651.51 for maintenance and repairs to
river craft $2,154,191
Depreciation on mine equipment.$254,549
Depreciation on river craft, etc. . 354,526
Depletion of coal acreage 299,863
One-half book value of certain
steamboats worn out and dismantled
4^,849
954,788
Profit, less depreciation and depletion. .$1,199,402
Less interest charged on bonds and cer­
tificates of indebtedness 490,863
Net profit from operation for year, after
allowing lor depreciation on plant, depletion
of coal iands and interest charges $708,539
Less dividend. $3.50 per share, declared
Dec. 18, 1912, payable Jan. 25, 1913 700,000
Balance of net earnings to surplus....$ 8,539
Balance of surplus as at Oct. 31,
1911 $1,633,413
Less one-halt book value of cer­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
tain steamboats worn out and
dismantled 45.S49
1,587,504
Surplus, as per balance sheet, Oct. 31,
1912 $1,596,103
BOND ACCOUNT—OCT. 31. 1912.
Bonds outstanding Oct. 31, 1911. .. $7,538,000
Bonds paid and canceled during the year
ending Oct. 31, 1912, from the trustee
sinking fund 214,000
Bonds outstanding Oct. 31, 1912 $7,324,000
COAL ACREAGE.
Penna. Kentucky
Acres. Acres.
Coal land originally purchased 33,075 2,119
Purchased since Oct. 1, 1899.. 6,551 558
Coal land mined out and sold. 39,626
22,754
2,677
242
16,872
COAL MINED.
2,435
Year Ending Year Ending
Oct. 31, '12. Oct. 31,'11. Inc.
Tons. Tons. Tons.
Pittsburgh district. 7,910,300 7,509,413 400,887
Ohio Valley Coal &
Mining Co., Ky. . 157,602 122,641
34,961
Totals 8,067,902 7,632,054 435,848
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET.
At close of business Oct. 31, 1912.
RESOURCES.
1912.
Investments, less depletion
and depreciation
reserve $27,901,983
Stocks and bonds of
other corporations. .
Re-investment fund
in hands of Union
Trust Co., trustee...
First mortgage bonds
purchased
Bond sinking fund. ...
Deferred c h a r g e s
against operation. ..
352,028
Inc.
8,614,528 $373,931
260,039
90.728
Coal on hand 1,236.436
Supplies on hand 395 146 134,256
Lumber and boat yard
supplies 185,019
Empty eoal boats 245,460
Accounts, bills and
mortgages receivable 2,859,743
11,921
79,049
37,801
Dec.
$693,206
102,854
143,553
192,592
573
44,495
191,449
Cash on hand and in
banks Total resources $12,410,700 269,578
LIABILITIES.
$731,766
Preferred stock $10,000,000
Common stock 20,000.000
Bonds 7,324,000 $214,000
Certificates of indebt- -
edness 890,000 145,000
Bond premium reserve 500,690 $373,740 .....
Mortgages payable. ... .., 5,319
Accounts and bills
payable and accruals 1,899.906 749,726
Fire insurance fund, ., 100,000- j.-. .'.".". .

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Coal sinkage fund 100,000
Undivided piohts 1,596,103 8,539
Total liabilities ....$42,410,700 $731,766
LIQUID ASSETS.
Cash on hand and in
banks $ 269,578 $191,449
Accounts, bills and
mortgages receivable 2,859,748 $37,S01
Coal on hand 1,236,436 192,592
Supplies, lumber, etc. . S25.626 89,186
Totals $5,191,390 .. $257,054
Accounts and bills
payable and accruals
Excess of liquid as­
1,899,906 749,726
sets $3,291,484 $-192,671
H
RETAIL TRADE NOTES
The City Fuel Co., and the Knickerbocker Ice
Co., both of Chicago, have been merged into a
new corporation to be known as the Consumers
Co. The new company w ill have a capitalization
of $11,000,000; divided into $4,500,000 seven per
cent, cumulative preferred stock and $6,500,000 common
stock. The boaid of directors of the new company
is composed of Fred W. Upham, president
City Fuel Co.; W. J. Shcdd, vice president Knickerbocker
Ice Co.; John P. Hopkins; F. S. Peabody,
president Peabody Coal Co.; Fred Kraeckmann,
vice president Knickeibucker Ice Co.; W. J. Louderback,
Deering Harvester Co.; John S. Field,
president Knickerbocker Ice Co.; Alexander Smith
of Peabody, Houghteling & Co.; George F. Getz.
president Globe Coal Co.; Stuyvesant Peabody, Peabody
Coal Co.; William Wrigley, Jr., president William
Wrigley, Jr., Co.; M. E. Robinson, vice president
City Fuel Co.; F. C. Letts, president Western
Grocer Co.; T. H. Mclnerney, vice president City
Fuel Co.; C. W. Lecming; T. L. Chadbourne, Jr.,
of Chadbourne & Shores, New York, N. Y., and
Seymour Morris.
The mid-winter meeting of the Michigan-Ohio-
Indiana Coal Dealers' Association was held at Fort
Wayne, lnd.. during the fortnight.
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AND STATE
Y. M. C. A. CO-OPERATIVE EDUCATIONAL
WOKK PROGRESSES FINELY.
Following out the announcement made some
months ago, the co-operative educational movement
of the University of Pittsburgh and the Pennsylvania
Young Men's Chiistian Association has been
started.
Classes to prepare mining men for fire boss and
mine foreman examinations have been organized
at California, Pa., where 25 enrolled; at Marianna,
where 12 enrolled; Republic, where 19 enrolled;
West Newton, where 19 enrolled; Connellsville,
where 10 enrolled; Jamison No. 2, where 12 enrolled;
Irwin, where 10 enrolled.
On account of the short time between now and
the first examinations, which will likely be held in
April, it was thought best not to take up anything
but the fire-'ooss course.
Prof. J. Z. Zimmerman, graduate of the University
of Fittsburgh School of Mines, has been engaged
by the University as instructor of these
classes.
This is the beginning of what is thought will
prove to be one of the greatest educational movements
in behalf of the miner ever undertaken in
this country.
ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS FOR DECEMBER.
The shipments of anthracite coal by companies
for December, as compared with 1911 were:
Companies. 1911. 1912.
Philadelphia & Reading 1,23S,727 1,223,880
Lehigh Valley 1,109,705 1,108,765
Jersey Central 820,963 760,479
Delaware Lack. & West 827,248 850,977
Delaware & Hudson 592,922 593,969
Pennsylvania 600,803 543,361
Erie 722,093 667,532
New York, Ontario & West. 2S2,986 190,539
Totals 6,115,427 5,944,502
The shipments for the 12 months of 1912 as
Mayor Riddle of Atlantic. City, N. J., is thinking
compared with 1911 were: jgj-j 1912
of appointing several inspectors to keep tabs on
January 5,904,117 5,763,696
coal wagon drivers, seme of whom, he says, make
February 5,070,948 5,S75,96S
, a practice of stealing a bag or two of coal from
March 5,996,S94 6,569,6S7
each load they deliver. The coal thus taken is
April 5,804,915 266.625
sold at a low pi ice or may be given away to friends
May 6,317,352 1,429,357
of the drivers.
June 6,215,357 6,199,428
J
Retail coal dealers of Jersey City, Hoboken and U>y 4.S04.O65 6,285,153
Bayonne, N. J., recently appeared before a legisla­ August 5,531,796 0,576,591
tive commission and denied any combination of September 5,730,935 5,876,496
dealers in Hudson ccunty.
October 6,269,179 6,665,321
November 6,193,314 6,165,536
December 6,115,427 5,944,502
Totals 69,954.299 63,610 578

ABSTRACT FROM MINERS' CIRCULAR ON
"USE AND CAPE OF SAFETY LAMPS."
"Two disasters have occurred within recent
months due to certain defects in miners' safety
lamps. The lamps were of the modern naphtha
or gasoline burniug type with double gauze, shield,
and glass globe. Each lamp caused an ignittion of
gas within a mine; in one case a dozen men were
killed, and in the other case several men w ere
severely burned.
"The first explosion resulted from the parts ot
the lamp being improperly assembled, the top asbestos
gasket being doubled upon itself, so that a
part of the glass was not in contact with the gasket,
and an open space was left between the top
of the glass and the gauze. When this lighted
lamp was inserted into an explosive mixture ol
gas and air, the gas flamed within the lamp and
ignited the gaseous mixture outside of the lamp.
"The second explosion also resulted from a lamp
being improperly assembled. In this case the
pull-bar which operates the scratcher for igniting
the match that lights tlie wick was left out of tho
lamp. The lamp when lighted and placed in an
explosive mixture of air and gas in every case
ignited the gaseous mixture outside of the lamp.
"A number of miners' safety lamps have been
found in use in gaseous mines with the pull-bar
removed. To remove the pull-bar is a most dangerous
practice, and should not be allowed, since
it renders tlie lamp just as dangerous as an openflame
lamp.
"At one mine where safety lamps with magnetic
locks are used, fine holes were detected in
the bases of several lamps. These holes had been
drilled so that the lamps could be opened in the
mine by the use of a pin or needle, thus nullifying
the safety value of the magnetic locks.
"Lamps should be carefully examined when they
are turned in at the end of a shift, as well as when
they are given out, in order that tbe mirier or
other employee may be held accountable for any
alteration or damage to his lamp."
SUPREME COURT MAKES NEW RULING
RELATIVE TO INJUNCTIONS.
The United States Supreme Court has by a
recent ruling promulgated the first revision of the
federal courts' rules of equity in the past 50 years.
The ruling changes the procedure in the issuance
and hearing of injunctions. The new rule on injunctions
provides:
"No preliminary injunction shall be granted
without notice to the opposite party nor shall any
temporary restraining order be granted without
notice to the opposite party unless it shall clearly
appear from specific facts shown by affidavit or
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
by the verified bill that immediate and irreparable
loss or damage will result to tbe applicant before
the matter can be heard on notice.
"In case a temporary restraining order shall be
granted without notice in the contingency specified
the matter shall be made returnable at the earliest
possible time and in ne event later than ten days
from the date of the order and shall take precedence
of all matters except older matters of the
same character. When the matter comes up for
hearing the party who obtained the temporary retraining
order shall proceed with the applications
for a preliminary injunction, and if he does not
do so the court sha'l discohe his temporary restraining
order.
"Upon two days' notice to the party obtaining
such temporary restraining order Ihe opposite
party may apnear and move the dissolution and
modification of the order, and in that event the
court or judge shall proceed to "near and determine
the motion as expeditiously as the ends of
justice may require. Every temporary restraining
order shall be forthwith filed in the clerk's
office."
The Babcock & Wilcox Co., New York, has issued
one of the handsomest catalogues imaginable descriptive
of their Stirling Water Tube boilers. It
not only outlines the principles on which the Stirling
boiler founds its claim for recognition, but
contains illustrations of large installations, a short
talk on the care of boilers, and several pages of
tabulated results of tests of the Stirling boiler that
prove the claims made for it are not exaggerated.
in any way. The description of the Stirling.
boiler, its construction, its parts, the materials
used in it and its fittings, is complete in every
way and gives an adequate idea of the boiler un-derstandable
by any one. One of the features of.
the catalogue is the number of illustrations showing
installations of Stirling boilers at large plants
scattered all over the world.
Les

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MINERS VOTE FOR OFFICERS
TABULATED AND ANNOUNCED.
The following is the report of the international
tellers of the United Mine Workers of America for
the election held Dec. 10, 1912:
Indianapolis, lnd., Jan. IS, 1913.
To tlie Officers and Members of Local Unions Under
the Jurisdiction ot U. M. W. of A.—Greeting:
Brothers—In accordance with Article 9, Section
36, cf the Inteinational constitution, we, your international
tellers, having canvassed the election
returns cast fcr international officers, in the recent
election, held en Dec. 10, 1912, beg to report
the number of votes cast for each and every candidate
as follows"
—For President.—
John P. White 134,0363
A. Bradley 3S.367
—For Vice President—
Frank J. Hayes 152,8041
-: ' •. . —For Secretary-Treasurer—
Edwin Perry 75.534
William Green 69,871i
Joseph Richards 20,851
—For Auditing and Credential Committee—
John J. Mossop 73,878
Albert' Neutzliug 67,032
William Donaldson 03,-179
Arthur Blakely 35,632
Ed. Maloney 50,403
Matthew' Barr 25,329
T. G. Morgan 33,335
Pati ick Callaglan 21,568
James Gillespie 27,173
John R. Schaefer 37,0231
John Pi ice 31,517
—For Tellers-
William Young 114,622
Thomas Paskeli 104,9231
Thomas Holliday 113,231 J
William Fester 80,478
—For Delegates to tbe American Federation of
Labor—
John P. White 122,028}
John Mitchell 112,440
Frank J. Hayes 104,353
John H. Walker 95,988
William Green 85,176
Duncan McDonald 81,5021
Adclph Germer 62,4024
W. D. Van Horn 37,316
John Moore 43,784
Francis Feehan 32,032
Frank Farrington 39,2061
Thomas Kennedy 33,2051
John Fahy 30,9541
James Morgan • • 31,5991
James Lord 30,4511
Michael Halapy 22,6501
J. F. Bowden 16,928
Robert Harlan 19,6491
Frank Hofferly 22,304
Joseph Richards 20,1671
Joseph Smith 28,958
We, the undersigned, hereby declare the following
officers elected to the several offices, as follows,
fcr tiie term commencing April 1, 1913, and ending
March 31, 1915:
President—John P. White.
Vice-President—Frank J. Hayes.
Secretary-Treasurer—Edwin Perry.
Auditing ana Credential Committee—John J.
Mossop, Albert Neutzling, William Donaldson.
International Telleis—William Young, Thomas
Holliday, Thomas Paskell.
Delegates to the American. Federation of Labor—
John P. White, John Mitchell, Frank J. Hayes,
John H. Wa'ker, William Green, Duncan McDonald.
Adolph Cermer.
Note—A complete report in detail will be mailed
to each Local Union as soon as printed.
WM. YOUNG.
THOS. PASKELL,
THOS. HOLIIDAY,
WJI. FEENEY, Alternate.
PRESIDENT WHITE DECLARES
COLORADO STRIKE WILL CONTINUE.
John P. White, international president of the
United Mine Workers of America, who went to
Denver to confer with Colorado and Wyoming officers
of tbe organization in relation to an indefinite
continuation of the three-year struggle that ha3
been waged in the Lafayette-Louisville field, made
this statement while in Denver:
"The Colorado Fuel & Iron and the Rocky Mountain
Fuel companies have a campaign on to put
the American Fuel Co. out of business because the
latter company employs 1,000 union miners. The
loyalty of OUT men will aid the American in battling
the common foe. Our men voluntarily cut
their own wages in two that tne American may
meet the 'cutting' and other methods being employed
by the enemy in certain competitive points;
if necessary, they will make further reductions.
"The international will support the strikers that
are still out, no matter if it takes years to win
this fight. Hundreds of our union men are working
as strikebreakers for the enemy and receiving
letter wages and better treatment than they ever
received while working openly as union men.
'There is more than one way to kill a cat.'"

FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF SALES REPRESENTATIVES
OF THE PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY
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42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WEATHER BUREAU TO HAVE MINE SERVICE.
The following circular has been sent out to
mining companies by the Pittsburgh station of the
Weather Bureau:
CIRCULAR.
Atmospheric Pressure and Mine Explosions.
It is an established fact that tbe pressure of the
atmosphere has a direct bearing on the explosions
in coal mines in that, while the pressure is high,
the gas in the mines is confined in pockets and
the danger of an explosion is at a minimum; but,
when there is a marked fall in pressure (not
necessarily, however, to abnormally low pressure)
causing the gas to spread from the pockets where
it has been confined, tbe chances of explosion are.
greatly increased.
I am directed by tbe chief of the weather bureau
to ask that you notify this office if you wish this
service, and if so, that you kindly forward the
name of the person or mine superintendent that
should be notified, together with the telephone
number, to the end that the necessary protective
steps may be taken.
In this connection I wish to say that mine superintendents
can obtain readings from ihe standard
barometers in this office for comparison with the
instruments they may have in use for this purpose;
also that on application to this office they
can have their aneroids set to compare with
weather bureau standard barometers.
HENRY PEXNYWITT,
Local Forecaster in Charge.
Similar circulars were sent out by the stations
of the Weather Bureau in other sections of the
various mining fields.
| COAL TRADE CASUALTIES |
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS <
The Crucible Steel Co. of America, Pittsburgh,
has purchased from J. V. Thompson of Uniontown,
Pa.. 2,000 acres of coal in Cumberland township,
Greene county, Pa., adjoining the 2,400 acres recently
purchased by the same company and which
is now being developed. Tbe price paid was $800
per acre, making the deal aggregate $1,600,000 and
the total value of the Crucible coal tract of 4,400
acres $3,500,000.
John F. Bail of Carmichaels, Pa., has sold the
Pittsburgh vein of coal under his farm in Cumberland
township to Josiah V. Thompson of Uniontown.
The farm contains .100 acres and the consideration
was $180,000.
The Yellow Creek Coal Co., of Indiana, Pa., has
pui chased 6S9 acres of coal in Pine township, Indiana
county, from Michael Downey, Jacob Weiland,
John F. Maloy, Francis Maloy and John B. Gunning
for $78,520.80.
Mr. J. V. Thompson, of Uniontown, Pa., has sold
2.000 acres of coal in Cumberland township, Greene
county, Pa., to the Crucible Ste^I Co., for $800 per
acre.
Washington Custer, of Shade township, Somerset
county, Pa., has sold the coal under his farm to the
Loyalhanna Ccal & Coke Co., for $60,000.
Mrs. Sallie B. Walters of Uniontown, Pa., has
sold 76 acres of coal at Masontown, Pa., to the
Bessemer Coal & Coke Co., for $100,000.
The Southwestern Coal Co. has sold to tbe Excelsior
(W. Va.) Colliery Co. 8,000 acres of coal
near Fairmont, W. Va.
The Rocky Mountain Fuel Co. sustained a loss President Kennedy of District No. 7, United
of about $75,000 when iire destroyed the buildings Mine Workers of America, has been notified hy
and all machinery equipment of the Gorham mine, officials of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. that
located between Monarch and Marshall, recently. the demand of the loaders and battery runners at
The olaze started around midnight and was prob­ the company's various collieries throughout the
ably caused by the high wind blowing sparks from Panther Creek Valley. Pa., had been granted, and
the slack dump into empty cars, which were that the new rate would be effective this date.
coupled with loaded cars connected with the tipple The loaders have been receiving $2.23 per day,
and main buildings.
while tbe battery runners were paid $2.42 per day.
By the new arrangement the latter will be paid
Fire destroyed the store of the National Bitu­
$2.82 per day. Tbe increase for the loaders
minous Corl Co., at Eskdale, W. Va., Jan. 21, with
amounts to 10 cents per day, and for the battery
its contents. Incendiarism was at first suspected,
runners 40 cents.
but later was discredited.
Considerable disorder again is reported from the
The boiler house, power house and part of the Cabin Creek district of West Virginia, and some
tipple of the Star mine of the Harbison-Walker shots have been exchanged between the new state
Refractories Co., near Courtney, Pa., were de­ guards and strikers or strike sympathizers during
stroyed by fire recently, entailing a loss of $15,000. the fortnight.

Judge Ira E. Robinson, of the Supreme Court ot
Appeals, of West Virginia, filed a dissenting opinion
from that of a majority of the court, upholding
the martial law proclamation oi Gov. W. E.
Glasscock. Judge Robinson's opinion is quite a
lengthy one, being approximately 8,000 woids in
length. He takes as his basic ground the contention
that the constitution of the state does not
permit of the substitution of martial law for the
civil law, and that the state and Federal constitution
alike do not permit of the abrogation of the
writ of habeas corpus. He contends that the
military tribunal had no legal authority over citizens,
and had no authority to try persons for
offenses committed before the proclamation of martial
law and who had not been apprehended up to
tne time that body took over the administration of
justice.
The shipments of coal from Newcastle, New
South Wales, during the six months ended June
30, 1912, according to Consul G. B. Kilimaster,
amounted to 2.21S.692 tons, valued at $5,603,833,
compared with 1,848,633 tons, valued at $4,696,128,
for the corresponding period in 1911. The increased
shipments were principally to other parts
of the commonwealth and New Zealand. Victoria
took 14S.000 tons more than dining the first
six months of 1911, New Zealand 73,000 tons more
South Australia 49,000 tons more, Western Australia
28,000 tons more, and Tasmania and Queens­
land each about 10,000 tons more. The increase
in the foreign trade was 53,877 tons, Chile taking
47,000 tens more and Java doubling its purchases,
while the Straits Settlements took 28,000 tons less
and the Philippine Islands 45,000 tons less.
Arrangements are being completed for an issuance
of $10,000,000 convertible G per cent, notes
by the Consolidation Coal Co.; $6,000,000 of the
issue will be sold at once and the proceeds used
to continue the development of the company's vast
coal lands in Kentucky and otherwise enlarging
facilities. The new financing is necessary owing
to the great growth in the business of the company.
The imports of coal into the United States for
the first eleven months of 1912, as shown by the
reports of the Department of Commerce and Labor,
were 1,670 tons of anthracite, 1,480,503 tons of bituminous
and 95,732 tons of coke. During the same
period the exports were 3,404,958 tons of anthracite,
13,549,753 tens of bituminous (not including
6,766,443 tons of bunker coal) and 735,059 tons of
coke.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
U. S. Senator Clarence W. Watson of West Virginia,
in speaking of the Chicago address of President-elect
Wilson, said: "Governor Wilson just
made it plain that he has no sympathy with either
individuals or corporations dependent for success
on violation or evasion of the law," said Mr. Watson,
"and that is acceptable to all men who are
conducting their business within the law."
Between 400 and 500 men were put to work
Jan. 27 in the Searles mines, Tuscaloosa county,
Alabama. Harry Collin, trustee of the Alabama
Consolidated Coal & Iron Co., with permission
of Referee in Bankruptcy Dryer making a contract
with the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railway Co.
for 1.000 tons of coal daily. The coal will be
used in making coke at Corey.
The annual meeting of the Barney, Bcalt & Gardiner
Coal & Iron Co. was held at Norwalk, O., recently,
and elected the old board of directors, comprising
John Gardiner, Sr., E. G. Gardiner, John
Gardiner, Jr., A. L. Moss and C. L. Kennan. At a
meeting of the directors the old officers were reelected,
as fellows: President and treasurer, John
Gardiner, Sr.; secretary, E. G. Gardiner.
Improvements to facilitate the handling of coke
between points on the Hempfieid branch and the
Voungwocd yards are being planned by the Pennsylvania
railroad. It is proposed to build at
Gratztown, Pa., where the Hempfield and Yukon
branches intersect, a yard to hold five or six trains
of 60 cars each, and send them to Youngwood over
the Yukon branch.
A rate of $1.20 a ton for the transportation of
coal from tbe Thacker and Kenova fields in West
Virginia to destinations in Ohio was held by the
Interstate Commerce Commission to be unreasonable
in a case against the Norfolk & Western railway.
The subsequently established rate of $1,
which also was atacked, was tound to be equitable.
The annual report of Mr. George E. Sylvester,
chief mine inspector of Tennessee, for the year
1911 has just been issued. It covers the entire
mineral production of the state, and a large portion
of it has to do with the coal production of the
commonwealth. Among the interesting facts is
the report on the Briceville disaster.
The Lumaghi Coal Co.'s washer at Collinsville,
111., was burned recently by a fire which apparently
started from spontaneous combustion of coal
stored in the pockets.
The Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. has
announced that, Jan. 27, the effective price of
pea coal at its collieiies was advanced 50 cents per
ton.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN
The actual work of transforming the old Wopsononock
railroad from Altoona to Dougherty, Pa.,
into the Altuona-Northern railroad, and its extension
to Patton, Pa., a distance of 20 miles has been
started. The road will be made standard guage
and equipped for both electricity and steam.
Mining engineers employed by the Philadelphia
& Reading Coal & Iron Co. have announced the
discovery of a large area of virgin coal land in
Bear valley, near Sunbury, Pa. Experts say the
newly discovered veins will yield millions of tons
and will be inexhaustible for 100 years.
A mortgage for $30,000,000 against coal lands of
the Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. in
Northumberland and adjoining counties of Pennsylvania
held by the Guarantee Trust Co. of Philadelphia,
was marked "satisfied" in the office of the
register and recorder at Sunbury, Pa.
According to data compiled by the Toledo, O ,
customs collector 1,492,374 tons of ore were brought
to Toledo during 1912, compared with 480,957 tons
in 1911, an increase of 1,013,417 tons, while freighters
clearing carried 1,544,391 tons of coal, compared
with 2,072,985 tons in 1911.
The annual election of the Bertha Coal & Coke
Co. was held at Uniontown, Pa., recently, and these
officers were chosen: James E. Roderick, Harrisburg,
president; Albert Gaddis, Uniontown, vice
president; I. G. Roby, secretary; W. A. Stone,
treasurer.
The receivers' sale of the Detroit, Toledo & Ironton
railroad, which was scheduled to take place at
Springfield, O., Jan. 22, has been postponed until
Feb. 5. It is reported the Pennsylvania and the
Norfolk & Westein will both bid for the road at
the sale.
A block of coal said to be over a million tons
has been chartered at Cleveland, O., for the head
of the lakes at a rate of 20 cents per ton, and a
small amount for Lake Michigan ports at 35 cents
per ton.
The mine of the Lewis Coal Co. at the mouth of
Cabin Creek, which has been idle since the 18th
day of last April, has resumed operation, giving
employment to about 500 miners and mine laborers.
The Marine Coal Co. has been awarded a verdict
in the courts of Fayette county, for $72,918,
against the Pittsburgh, McKeesport & Youghiogheny
railroad for land taken by the railroad.
It has been announced that 100 coke ovens of
the Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation, at Gallitzin,
Pa., that have been idle for some time will
be fired at once.
KENTUCKY COAL PRODUCTION
FOR 1912 SHOWS DECREASE.
An estimate of the output of coal from commercial
shipping mines in Kentucky for the calendar
year 1912 is 15,479,500 tens. This indicates
an increase of about 1,550,000 tons over
the output for 1911.
The year 1913 is expected to show a material
increase in output. Chief Inspector of Mines C.
J. Norwood looks, this year, for a production of
at least 20,000,000 tons.
Production in net tons by counties:
WESTERX niSTIUCT.
Butler 1,500
Christian 5,000
Davies 80,000
Henderson 201,800
Hopkins 2,483,200
McLean 110,500
Muhlenberg 2,173,580
Ohio 637,430
Union 565,900
Webster 1,166,590
7,435,500
SOUTIIEASTERX DISTRICT.
Bell 2,084,600
Harlan 266,200
Knox 820,000
Laurel 190,600
McCreary* 529,300
Whitley 990,200
|,900
* A new county, formed from Wayne, Pulaski
and Whitley counties.
NORTHEASTERN DISTRICT.
Boyd 88,600
Breathitt 17,100
Carter 54,500
Floyd 405,300
Johnson 904,300
Lawrence 66,600
i-ee 42,700
Letchert 195,000
Pike 1,304,100
t Began shipping about August 1.
3,163,100
The bulletin of tbe 1911 mining statistics of
Alabama will be published at once, according to
Chief State Mine Inspector Nesbitt. The publicacation
of the annual report for that year has been
delayed owing to ihe defect in the laws providing
for the expense of such an issue.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
'! PERSONAL •!
Mine Inspector James Hennessy of Ohio has resigned
because of ill health. Inspector Thomas
Morrison of Sherrodsvillc will be transferred after
Mr. Geoige Roy Wood, the well-known electrical Feb. 1 to Cleveland. He will have charge of the
engineer, and his bride are on their wedding trip work along the line of the Cleveland, Lorain &
to Panama and Bermuda. Upon their return they Wheeling division of the Baltimore & Ohio rail­
•>\ill reside at the Bellevue-Stratford, Philadelphia.
The bride was Miss Rebecca Littlepage, daughter
road, between Bridge-pert and Cleveland.
of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Littlepage of Charleston, Mr. John H. Tonkin, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., for­
West Virginia. The wedding, at which West Virmerly with the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., Alberta,
ginia society was well represented, took place on Canada, has been appointed general manager for
New Year's day at Old Stone Mansion, the Little­ the Pacific Coast Collieries, Limited. Two colpage
home at Kanawha-Two-Mile, Charleston. lieries are in operation, and Mr. Tonkins is super­
The marriage seivice was read by the Rev. Dr. intending the sinking of two new shafts.
Ernest Thompson of the First Presbyterian church,
Mr. H. H. Heiner, president of the Maynard Coai
Co., Columbus, 0., has just announced the appointment
of Mr. W. A. Williams as general sales agent
of the company, with headuarters in Columbus,
and Mr. D. D. Davidson, nothern sales agent, with
headquarters at Toledo.
MR. CEOP.CE ROY WOOD.
Charleston. Miss Charlie Littlepage, the bride's
sister, was maid of hcnor and Mr. Howard M.
Bertolet, general superintendent of the New River
& Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co., attended as
groomsman. Mr. Wood is very well known among
coal operators as an exceptionally capable and successful
electrical engineer. He was formerly with
the Pittsburgh C"al Co. and then, with Mr. H. F.
Randolph, organized the Wood-Randolph Company,
Pittsburgh. Mr. Wood is now associated with the
Berwind-White interests. The felicitations and
good wishes of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN attend
him and his bride.
Mr. F. M. Uirich has been appointed Philadelphia
district sales agent of the Lehigh Coal &
Navigation Co., with offices in the new Exchange
building. Mr. Charles H. Dayton has been appointed
assistant general coal agent to succeed Mr.
Uirich.
Mr. L. B. Stilwell, of New Yolk, has been appointed
consulting engineer for tbe Lehigh Coal
& Navigation Co.'s mammoth powder plant at
Hauto, the largest of the kind ever erected, and
costing close to $4,000,000.
Mr. Howard Mannington, former secretary of the
Ohio Coal Operators' Association, is being urged
for appointment as a public service commissioner
of Ohio to succeed O. P. Gothlin, whose term expires
in February.
Governor McCreary of Kentucky has appointed
Mr. Henry S. Sizemore. of Hopkins county, assistant
state mine inspector for the Western district
of Kentucky, to succeed the late Mr. W. B. Brasher.
Mr. John Kelly, of New YorR City, president of
the Kelly & Jones Co., inspected all the different
departments of the great brass manufacturing
plant at Greensburg, Pa., Jan. 22.
The Sa.xman Coal & Coke Co. announces that Mr.
VV. F. Jacoby has been appointed general manager
of sales of that company effective January 1.
Mr. M. D. Ratchford, secretary and commissioner
of the Eastern Ohio Operators' Association, has resigned
to take effect in the nsar future.
The Jamison Coal & Coke Cc, Pittsburgh, has
ordered 12 mine locomotives and 30 mining machines
from the Jeffrey Manufacturing Co.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
A WELSH COAL EXPERT INVESTIGATING
AMERICAN COAL—MAY ACQUIRE ACRE­
AGE AND SHIP TO SOUTH AMERICA.
Mr. David A. Thomas, considered the greatest
of Welsh coal experts, and head of the Cambrian
Syndicate, largest coal mine owneis of Great Biitain,
arrived in New York, Dec. IS, and alter remaining
there a lew days -went to West Virginia
and Kentucky to look over ccal lands, with a view
of making purchases.
A cablegram from London, Eng., just after be
sailed for New York said:
"To supply ihe west coast of South America with
coal from the mines of West Virginia and Kentucky
is the intention of D. A. Thomas, who is on
board tbe Mauritania. Mr. Thomas is the head
of the Cambrian combination, an association of
mine owners that was the head and front of the
opposition to the demand of tire unions during the
recent ccal strike.
"Mr. Thomas, it is understood here, will purchase
a number of American coal fields and start
a line of steamships betw-een Newport News md
South American ports via the Panama canal.
"Hitherto the nitrate lactoi ies have derived their
coal supplies from South Wales, but Mr. Thomas
is anxious to hold the South American trade and
extend the field of his operations.
"Possession of the West Virginia and Kentucky
eoal fields and lines of sleamships will .render the
Cambrian ccmbinaticn independent, so far as South
America is concerned, of the strikes that have been
menacing the security of the Welsh coal business."
No one at Norfolk or Newport News, Va., has
been fcrrnd who admitted knowing anything about
the proposed steamship line.
Accompanying Mr. Thomas are T. J. Callaghan.
chairman of the Glamorgan Coal Co., and W. A.
Macknight, of Gueret, Gart & Co., Ltd., prominent
factors in the Welsh coal trade, who are closely
associated with him in business.
NOVIA SCOTIA COAL PRODUCTION IN 1912.
The production of coal in Nova Scotia for 1912
by companies compared with 1911 was:
1912 1911
Dom. Coal Co., Cape Breton. . .4,331,320 4,011,235
Dominion Coal Co., Springhill 420,481 346,964
Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co.. 821,000 777,800
Maritime Coal, Ry & Power Co. 151,308 126,104
Inverness Coal & Ry Co 2S9.704 259,315
Arcadia Coal Co 439,476 359,252
Intercolonial Coal Co 243,407 211.89S
Colonial Coal Co 35,211 30,525
Total 6,731,907 6,123,093
PENNSYLVANIA PROCUCTION BY
COMPANIES FOR 1912.
SEVEXTEE.XTII AXTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co 3,673,945
A. S. Van Wickle esta te 254,345
Coxe Bros. & Co., Inc 240,815
Evans Colliery Co 17,260
Moses Neary Co 5,311
Total 4,191,676
TWE^TV-FIEST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Is VAC M. DAMS, Inspector.
Hillside Coal & Iron Co 515,154
Hudson Coal Co 467,898
Northwest Coal Co 177,218
Clinton Falls Coal Co 12,710
Stillwater Coal Co 5,300
Lincoln Hill Coal Co 10,137
Carbondale Coal Mining Co 28,172
Connell Anthracite Mining Co 247,794
Randall & Schaad Bros. Auth. Coal Co..Ltd. 4,620
Wachna-Taylor Antb. Coal Co 4,745
O'Boyle-Foy Auth. Coal Co 121,039
Northern Anthracite Coal Co 201,477
Total 1,796,261
BEX.IAVIIX MAXEY. Inspector.
TWENTY-FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Mouongaheln River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 3,92-5,93i
Vesta Coal Co 1,910,678
Pittsburgh Coal Co 536,828
Naomi Coal Co 304,241
Warner-Leonard Coal Co 157,227
Warner-Yough Coal Co 94,328
Total 6,929.233
F. W. CUNNINGHAM, Inspector.
Tbe Poeahantas Fuel Co., officially announces it
has closed with the Austro-Hungarian navy department
for a large amount of coal, for use by the
Austrian naval vessels. The coal will be delivered
at Pola, tbe Austrian naval base on the Adriatic
sea.
The United States Coal & Coke Co. recently gave
its third annual dinner to the operating officials
at Gary, W. Va., at which the addresses and toasts
were all along "safety" lines.
The Consolidation Coal Co. of Baltimore has declared
the regular quarterly dividend of 1V2 per
cent., payable Jan. 31 to stockholders of record
Jan. 23.

The Anthracite Conciliation Board in session at
Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Jan. 20, decided a case in which
it ordered the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co. to
pay its contract miners 61 cents per yard for mining
top clod four inches and over thick. The company
claimed that they were only supposed to pay
when the top clod was six inches thick. All back
claims will also be paid to the men. The same
company agreed to have two kinds of explosives at
the Lance colliery for the men to determine which
is the more practicable for their work. The grievance
of the contract miners of the Hollenback colliery
of the same company was ordered sent to the
umpire by President Dempsey. The miners want
20 cents per foot for mining rock and the company
offered 13 cents.
Anton Orlofsky is in jail at Greensburg, Pa.,
charged with violating the mining law, as the result
of the coroner's inquiry into the death of
John Melkus, who died at the Westmoreland hospital
as the result of injuries caused by an explosion
in the Magee mine of the Westmoreland Coal
Co. The investigation which caused the arrest
or Orlofsky was held in the coroner's office and
was in charge of Deputy Coroner W. J. Potts. The
information against Orlofsky was made before
'Squire J. Q. Truxal by Mine Inspector P. J. Walsh.
immediately following the verdict of the coroner's
jury, which held that Orlofsky was negligent in
notifying Melkus he was going to fire a shot in
time for him to get to a place of safety.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
Iowa was re-elected secretary-treasurer over his
two opponents, State Senator William Green of
Ohio and Joseph Richards, also of Ohio. Perry
received 75,534 votes, Green 68,871% and Richards
20,851. The officers will be installed early in
February.
Mike Karanovic and Mike Meatto, of Biddle,
Pa.; Louis Veichilli and Giovanni Susan, of Westmoreland
City, Pa., and Peter Smeltak, of Shafton,
Pa., were arrested and taken before 'Squire J. Q.
Truxal at Greensburg, Pa., for violating the mining
laws by riding on loaded cars in the Westmoreland
shaft of the Westmoreland Coal Co The
informations against the five men were made by
Mine Inspector Arthur Neal, of North Huntingdon
township. The men all gave bail for a hearing.
The following officers have been elected by the
United Mine Workers of the West Virginia or No.
17 district: President, Thomas Cairnes, Charleston;
vice president, C. C. Griffith, Hughestowm;
secretary-treasurer, J. M. Craigo. Charleston; international
board member, Ben F. Morris, Marmet;
district executive board, James Diana, W. S. Reece,
F. D. Stanley, U. S. Ca.ntley, John Nutter. A. D.
Lavender and Rome Mitchell.
The following officers have been elected by the
United Mine Workers of Iowa, District No. 13:
President, W. H. Rodgers; vice president, Samuel
Ballantyne; secretaiy-treasurer, John Gay; auditors,
H. S. Jaquiss, W. G. Jones; international
board member, James F. Moran; district board
members, No. 1, Frank Kernes; No. 2, William
Mitchell; No. 3, Neal Crook, No. 4, J. C. Lewis.
Instructions for the training of miners in the
use of mine rescue apparatus are being sent out Mine workers at the No. 7 colliery of the Sus­
by the Bureau of Mines of the Department of the quehanna Coal Co., Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Jan. 20, re­
Interior with a view to increasing the number of fused to obey their local and district officers and
men who, in time of disaster are competent to un­ return to work pending a decision of their grievdertake
the rescue of those entombed in gas-filled ance by the Anthracite Conciliation Board. The
mines. According to figures compiled by the bu­ whole thing is another of the petty strikes over
reau there are now between 3,000 and 4,000 trained mine buttons that have been so annoying.
rescue men in the country, and it is proposed in
the present year, through the system of instruction,
to double that number at least. It is expected
another effect will be to reduce the mortality
among untrained rescue men. Certificates of competency
will be issued to the miner-students who
qualify.
Every membership record of the United Mine
Workers of America was smashed by the membership
of December last year, when it totaled the unprecedented
number of 386,965. The best previous
record was the month before when it reached 377,-
394, a gain of nearly 10,000 in a month.
Two of the bosses at Burnside colliery at Sha­
John P. White of Oskaloosa, la., was re-elected
mokin, Pa., were summarily discharged upon or­
president of the United Mine Workers of America,
ders from Pottsville as the result of their failure
over A. Bradley of Mount Olive, 111., by 95,668y3 to comply with an order requiring that they notify
votes. The committee, which has been canvassing
the families of all men who are compelled to work
the vote since Dec. 16, announced the result Jan
overtime and at night.
18. Frank Hayes of Illinois had no opposition for
re-election as vice president. Edwin Perry of The United Mine Workers of District No.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
anthracite field, have re-elected John Fallon international
executive board member by a majority of
3,794 over Lewis and Harris, who opposed him. A
total of 5,113 illegal votes were thiown out, Fallon
losing 1,079.
Mr. Thomas J. Wood, a coal operator of the older
generation, and vice president of the Marine National
Bank of Pittsburgh, died Jan. 17 at his resi­
The balance in the treasury of the United Mine
dence, 401 Graham street, Pittsburgh, after an ill­
Workers of District No. 1, September 30, was $22,- ness of three years. Mr. Wood was born at Woods
170.30, and the receipts during October, Novem­
Run, Feb. 14, 1838, and was continuously engaged
ber and December were $15,077.00. The expend:
tures were $6,449.S4, leaving a balance Jan. 1 of
$30,797.46.
in the mining and transportation of coal from
his early manhood until the formation of the
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.,
in 1899, at which time he disposed of his holdings
Declaring the Workmen's Compensation Law un­ to that company and retired. He moved to Pittssatisfactory,
the United Mine Workers of Illinois burgh, where he has since resided in the summer.
will ask the legislature of that state to repeal it Surviving Mr. Wood are his widow, one son, F. H.
and pass a new one. They favor substituting a Wood, and four daughters, the Misses Elizabeth.
state commission for the local mine examining Anna and Jean Wood and Mrs. B. W, Lewis, all of
board.
this city. He was a member of the Christ Methodist
Episcopal church.
A resolution has been introduced into the Colorado
legislature asking for a legislative commis­ Mrs. Amanda Brooks, widow of John. Brooks,
sion to investigate the coal strike that has been died at the home cf her daughter, Mrs. John
in progress there for three years and arrive at Sopher, at Clarksburg, W. Va., recently. She was
some method by which a settlement may be brought aged 78 years and her death was caused from the
about.
infirmities of old age. She leaves four sons and
three daughters. They are Mr. John O. Brooks,
The Lehigh Valley Coal Co. will shortly intro­ superintendent of the Clarksburg district of the
duce a novelty at its Prospect colliery, near Wil­ Consolidation Coal Co.: Mr. George Brooks and
kes-Barre, where a comfortably fitted room is to he Mrs. Sopher, of Claiksburg; Mr. David Brooks, of
provided for the use of breaker hands and other Bellaire, O.; Mr. Charles, of Lost Spring, Wyo.;
outside employes during the noon shut-down. Mrs. John McPeck and Mrs. John A. Turner, of
Moundsville.
Va.
Interment was at Moundsville, W.
The ?

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
ACCURACY AND LIMITATIONS OF COAL ANALYSIS'
By A. C. Fieldner Chemist. U. S. Bureau of Mines
(CONTINUED FROM JAN. 15 ISSUE)
A total of 176 analyses were selected at random
from the records of the chemical laboratory with­
out any attempt whatever towards selecting con­
cordant or diverging results, but simply taking
them from the laboratory record as they happened
to occur. Enough analyses were selected to secure
about 20 to 30 samples of each representative
class of coal from the most recent, lignites, through
the range of sub-bituminous, bituminous, semibituminous
and anthracite coals of Pennsylvania.
For comparison a number of peats are also included.
The tabulation brings out in a striking manner
the variation in the relation between the heating
value as determined in the bomb calorimeter.
This relation is, within certain limits, characteristic
of the class of coal. For instance, in coals
low in volatile matter and oxygen, like anthracite
and Pocahontas coal, the calculated value is usually
from .3 to 1.5 per cent, greater than the determined
value. In only very few instances is the
calculated value less than the determined value;
in the bituminous coals the calculated values vary
both above and below the determined values usually
within limits of 1.5 per cent.; in sub-bituminous
and lignite ccals the calculated value becomes
less and less than the determined value as the oxygen
increases; the deviation often reaching 4 and
5 per cent.; in peat the calculated results are quite
unreliable, tbe results being from 3 to 11 per cent.
low.
A summary of Table 2, giving the maximum and
mean error in the calculated values, together with
the average moisture and ash free oxygen for each
class of coal, is given in Tabie 3.
TABLE 3.
A summary of the mean algebraic, maximum positive and maximum negative errors, in the calorific
values calculated by Dulong's formula, as found in groups of 20 to 30 representative analyses
of each class of coal.
Error in Calculated Calorific Value. Oxygen
Mean
Class of Coal. Algebraic
Error.
Per Cent.
Peat —7.1
Lignite—Dakotas, Montana and Texas —3.1
Sub-bituminous—Rocky Mountain field —1.4
Bituminous—Rocky Mountain field —.3
Bituminous—Illinois field —.1
Bituminous—Appalachian field +.2
Semi-bituminous—Pennsylvania and West Virginia. +.7
Anthracite—Pennsylvania +-6
Maximum
Plus
Error.
Per Cent.
.9
1.0
1.7
1.3
1.6
1.5
Maximum
Minus
Error.
Per Cent.
11.0
5.4
1.6
1.4
1.5
.5
in Coal
Moisture
and
Ash Free.
Per Cent.
34.4
23 4
19.1
9.S
10.7
7.1
3.1
The progressive change in tbe Dulong values, heating value of Appalachian bituminous and semiwith
the increase in oxygen, is significant and bituminous coal from the same mine and seam, is
points to a combination of part of the oxygen with based on the constancy in heating value of the
carbon in highly oxygenated coals. Porter and "combustible," or coal substance free of moisture
Ovitz© have already arrived at this conclusion and ash.
from a consideration of data obtained in their The calorific value of a coai may be referred to
studies of the volatile matter obtained by destruc- a moisture-and-ash free basis by dividing the calotive
distillation rifle value as determined by one minus the sum
The calculation of calorific values by formula* of the moisture and ash in the unit weight of fuel.
depending on the proximate analysis is apt to give Moisture and ash free calorific value =
quite erroneous results. Such methods are sub- Calorific value as determined.
ject to the considerable uncertainty of tbe fixed } __ (pe). cent raojstul.e pius per cent ash).
carbon and volatile matter determinations. Furthermore,
the variable proportion of inert volatile 100 nQln,.ifip
. , ^ -, t .„ thQ i,MHn"
matter, which does not contribute to the heating
This so-ca led moisture-and-ash free caloiinc
1I11D ,
' . ± ., ..
value is not taken into consideration.
value which represents approximately the heating
\

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
TABLE 4.
Variation in "moisture-and-ash free" calorific values of mine samples from the same mine.
Locality
and
Coal Bed.
samples from a mine near
Figert, Pa., in Cambria Co.,
Middle Kittanning Bed.
5 samples from a mine near
Barnesboro, Pa., in Cambria
Co., Lower Kittanning or
"B" Bed.
5 samples from a mine near
Carrolton, Pa., in Cambria
Co., Lower Kittanning or
"B" Bed.
27 samples from mines near
Twin Rocks, Pa., in Cambria
Co., Lower Kittanning
or "B" Bed.
10 samples from two adjacent
mines near Clymer, Pa., in
Indiana Co., Lower Kittanning
or "B" Bed.
5 samples from a mine near
Beaverdale, Pa., Cambria
Co., Lower Kittanning or
"B" Bed.
5 samples from a mine near
Elmora, Pa., in Cambria Co.,
Lower Kittanning or "B"
Bed.
4 samples from a mine near
Masontown, Preston Co., W.
Va., Upper Freeport Bed.
5 samples from a mine near
Richard. Monongalia Co.,
W. Va., Upper Freeport Bed.
6 samples from a mine near
Barnesboro, Pa., Cambria
Co., Lower Freeport Bed.
9 samples from a mine near
Spangler, Pa., Cambria Co.,
Lower Freeport Bed.
"Moist ure-and-Ash
Free" Calorific
Values of
Individual
Samples.
I
B.t.u.
15600
15600
15640
15610
15650
15710
15670
15830
15760
15660
f 1 5670
I 1 5660
15 5740
I 15 5670
I 13 5820
f15820 15730"]
| 15890 15780 I
I 15730 15710 j
| 15770 15S20 |
j 15700 15800 |
| 15690 15700 I
•> 15740 15770 j.
|15840 15720 |
I 15760 15740
| 15740 15760
| 15790 15770
| 15840 15750
| 15780 15030
[15820
J
f15690 15700 1
| 15750 15610 |
! 15710 15740 j-
i 15740 15650
f 15741
[15710 15700 I
| 15768
15721
I 15772
[ 15759
f 15763
15862
•[ 15611
15772
I 15887
f 15490
I 15470
1 15380
| 15460
f 15530
15500
-! 15470
| 15400
[ 15510
f15600 15570
I 15600 15660
[15640 15650
("15671 15651
| 15644 15656
I 15727 15676
| 15623 15705
[15700
J
Average.
B.t.u.
15620
15726
15715
15770
Maximum
Difference
of Individual
Samples.
B.t.u. %
170
160
15700 140
15752 51
1.1
1.1
B.t.u.
Maximum
Deviation
From
Average.
30
104
108
200 1.3 120
.9 90
• 3 31
15779 276 1.8 169
15450 110 • 8 70
15482 130 .9
15620 90 .6 40
1.1
15662 204 1.3 139 .9
.5

Locality
and
Coal Bed.
10 samples from a mine near
Hastings, Pa., Cambria Co.,
Lower Freeport Bed.
4 samples from a mine near
Dante, Russell Co., Va.,
Upper Banner Bed.
£3 samples from the government
experimental mine
near Bruceton, Pa., Allegheny
Co., Pittsburgh Bed.
Car samples from 27 cars of
coal delivered to testing station
from Dec, 1910, to May,
1911, from a mine near Meadowlands,
Washington Co.,
Pa., Pittsburgh Bed.
Car samples from 4 ears of
coal delivered to testing station
from Dec, 1910, to Jan.,
1911, from another mine near
Meadowdands, Washington
Co., Pa., Pittsburgh Bed.
Car samples from 44 cars of
coal delivered to testing station
from Aug., 1911, to
April, 1912, from a mine
near Arnold, Westmoreland
Co., Pa., Upper Freeport
Bed.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
'Moisturc-und-Ash
Free" Calorific.
Values of
Individual
Samples.
B.t.u.
(" 15698 15678
15646
-j 15604
| 15655
[15608
( 15426
15521
15408
15476
[ 15140
| 15170
| 15160
I 14930
j 15070
15040
15070
15070
15140
15140
j 15060
[15080
[14800
I 14890
| 14760
| 14880
| 14S40
| 14780
\ 14800
| 14920
| 14900
| 14990
j 14880
| 14810
| 14950
[14900
f
115180
j 15180
15190
15240
15190
15300
15170
15290
15220
15180
15100
15220
15190
15220
15220
15300
15290
15280
15100
15230
15230
15250
TABEE 4—•Continued.
14560
14640
14640
14630
15588
15590 ''•
15638
15647
15190
15110
14960
15030
15080
15040
15140 j
15080
15140i
15100 j
15050 |
J
14910]
15040 |
14950 |
14880- |
14900 |
14860 |
14830 •
14800
14810
14840
14SS0
14850
14840
1
15250
15200
15260 j
15280
15250
15180
15210
15210
15220
15240
15180
15250
15180
15190
15210
15250
15250
15300
15270
15250
15280
15220
Average.
B.t.u.
15635
15458
Maximum
Difference
of Individual
Samples.
B.t.u.
110
113
7o
B.t.u.
Maximum
Deviation
From
Average.
15087 260 157 1.0
14S74 280 2.0 166 1.1
03
14618 so 58
15226 200 1.3 126
%
.4

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Locality
and
Coal Bed.
Car samples from 7 ears of
coal delivered to testing station
from May, 1911, to
July, 1911, from a mine
near Burgettstown, Washing
Co., Pa., Pittsburgh Bed.
Car samples from 5 cars of
coal delivered to Testing
Station from Nov., 1911, to
June, 1912, from a mine
near Monongahela City,
Westmoreland Co., Pa.,
Pittsburgh Bed.
Car samples from 3 cars of
coal delivered to Testing
Station from Nov., 1911, to
May, 1912, from a mine near
Greensburg, Westmoreland
Co., Pa., Pittsburgh Bed.
Moist ure-and-Ash
Free" Calorific
Values of
Individual
Samples.
B.t.u.
f 14750
14680
j 14090
14790
] 14650
14750
14890
TABLE 4—Continued.
152S0
15140
15150
15210
15150
15350
15310
15400
I I
In table 4 arc given some "moisture-and-ash
free" calorific values of mine samples taken by
engineer's ol the bureau at different points in a
number of mines in Pennsylvania. They are
typical in showing the usual range of variation
that is found in samples from different parts of a
mine.
In the latter part of table -i is given some data
on the variation in "moisture-and-ash fiee" calorific
values that have been found in car samples of
coal delivered to the power plant of the Pittsburgh
Experiment station lor fuel purposes. While
each set of cars grouped together is supposed to
have come from the seme mine, ihey were not
loaded under the inspection of representatives of
the bureau; also, the coal may ha^.e had more or
less opportunity for weathering in transit to the
testing station. This would explain the slightly
larger variations in the car samples.
Tho greatest deviation in "moisture-and-ash
free" calorific value of any one individual sample
from the average of the mine is usually less than
one per cent. In only two cases does it reach the
maximum figure of 1.1 per cent. Obviously the
calorific value of samples representing various
shipments of coal from the same mine and seam
can be calculated with an accuracy of about 1 per
cent, by multiplying the average "moisture-andash
free" calorific value of the coal by 1 minus the
sum of the moisture and ash of the various individual
samples. This method of calculating will
not apply to weathered coals which on account of
absorption of oxygen have lost some of their original
heating value, or to coals tnat vary considerably
in the character and amount of ash and sul-
Average.
B.t.u.
14743
15180
1535;
Maximum
Difference
ot Individual
Samples.
B.tu.
240
.110
'.MI
%
B.tu.
Maximum
Deviation
From
Average.
147
94
47
%
1.0
phur. In the coals cited In table 4 the ash is usually
less than 12 per cent, and the sulphur less
than 2.0 per cent.
Where the sulphur content is larger and more
variable, as found in some of the coals of Ohio©
and Illinois,® a
FURTHER CORRECTION
for tbe influence of sulphur should be applied.
The chemist makes his analysis on a few ounces
of powdered coal. If the analysis is to be of any
value, this small sample must have a composition
that is an average of the entire lot of coal whose
value is to be established. Non-representative
samples are misleading and frequently lead to
much controversy as weil as financial loss. Therefore,
sampling should never be placed in inexperienced
hands. It is just as important for the
chemist to devise and direct the method of taking
samples as it is for him to make the analysis. The
sampling of shipments and deliveries of coal involves
special difficulties on account of the usual
admixture of pieces of slate, bone and other impurities,
with the lumps of coai. The mechanical
methods which have been found satisfactory in
sampling ore cannot be used for the ordinary sizec
of coal on account of destroying the value of the
fuels by the necessary crushing. The accuracy
of sampling the commercial sizes of coal is limited
to the amount and size of the largest lumps of
impurities and the quantity of original sample that
can be taken without incurring too great a cost.
The accuracy of any method of sampling should
©Lord, K. W. Coal, Bull. 9, 4th Series, Geological Survey
of Ohio (1908) pi). 2GS.
©I'arr. S. XV., Bull. 16, Illinois State Geological Survey
(1909), pp. 212.

he frequently tested by taking two or more independent
samples which are reduced and analyzed
separately. Ordinarily the sample sent to the
laboratory will weigh from three to five pounds,
and will be pulverized to about V4-inch size. The
original gross sample w^hich may amount to 500
or 1,000 pounds must be pulverized, mixed and
quartered in such a manner as to maintain the
same relative proportions of coal and impurities
until the final 3 to 5 pound sample is obtained,
furthermore, coal has a marked tendency to lose
moisture in crushing; this must be avoided as
much as possible.
The final sample shou!d be placed in a moistureproof
container for shipment to the laboratory.
Wooden
BOXES OR SACKS
should never be used for samples in which moisture
is to be determined.
During the past nine years the U. S. Geological
Survey and its successor, the Bureau of Minei.
have analyzed a large number of mine samples of
coal, taken in connection with the investigation
of coal as it occurs in the mine. These samples®
are taken by cutting down a section or groove of
uniform cross section across the face of the seam.
The gross sample, amounting to about six pounds
four each foot in thickness of the coal bed, is pulverized
to pass a %-inch screen, mixed and quartered
down to about three pounds, which is placed
in a galvanized iron can. scaled moisture-tight,
and mailed to the laboratory.
In taking these samples some uniform system
of including and rejecting tbe partings or bands
of impurities that occur in coal beds is essential.
Usually partings more than % of an inch thick
and lenses or concretions of "sulphur" or other
impurities more than two inches in maximum diameter
and v> of an inch thick are excluded. By
following such a system the analytical results are
comparable in representing the quality of coai in
different coal beds. It is quite necessary to complete
the sampling and seal the sample can at the
face as quickly as possible after breaking down
the eoal in order to avoid loss of moisture.
These mine samples usually represent a better
quality of coal than is ordinal iiy shipped from the
mine, as in the operation of a mine it is not practicable
to use the same care in excluding partings
and other impurities. They are of value in show-
©Method of taking mine samples is described in detail
In Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 1 : Sampling Coal
in the Mine, by J. A. Holmes.
Location
of Mine.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
ing the quality of coal as it occurs in the seam, at
tiie point of sampling; and the results are subject
to the unavoidable variations due to including
more or less of the partings and the
ERHOI.S IX REDUCING
the gross sample to three pounds. It io possible
to practically eliminate the errors of reducing the
gross sample by crushing the entire quantity of
coal cut down fraom the face, to less than 4-mesh
size, and then mixing and quartering to 3 pounds.
However, such a procedure is of doubtful value on
account of the greater enois resulting from the
inclusion of more or :ess of the partings in cutting
down the section, especially where they tend to
crumble from the action of the pick.
There is also to be considered the variation in
the proportion of impurities in neighboring sections;
the extent of this variation is usually greater
than the errors incurred in sampling the individual
section.
In table 5 are shown the results of a series of
duplicate 3-lb. can samples that were taken by the
standard method of tbe Bureau of Mines as described
in Technical Paper 1.®
The entire sample which had been cut from the
face was crushed to pass a '/',-inch screen, mixed
and quartered to three pounds, which was called
sample Nc. 1; the rejected portions were then combined,
mixed and again quartered u; three pounds,
which was called sample No. 2. Both samples
were sent to the laboratory in the usual galvanized
iron sample cans, which are closed with a screw
cap and made moisture tight by wrapping the
joint with electrician's tape. The samples were
air dried, pulverized in the usual manner by rolls
and ball mill and separately analyzed. The results
obtained for total moisture, ash and sulphur
are given in the table.
On account of the high percentages of moisture,
ash and sulphur and. tbe irregular distribution of
the impurities in the seam, Illinois coals are unusually
difficult to sample. Yet in spite of the
high moisture content, the greatest difference of
moisture in duplicate samples was only .3 per
cent., with an average difference for the 30 sections
of 0.1 per cent.
In the four sections in the experimental mine
the maximum difference was .1 per cent, and the
average difference v as .05 per cent.
The average variation in ash of the duplicate
©Holmes, J. A. Sampling
Paper 1, Bureau of Mines.
final in tbe Mine. Technical
TABLE 5.
A comparison of duplicate 3-lb. samples taken from the same section of coal.
Total Moisture. Ash. Sulphur.
Sample Sample Differ-
1 2 ence.
% % %
Sample Sample Differ- Sample Sample Differ-
1 2 ence. 1 2 ence.
% % % % % %

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Location
Sample Sample Differ- Sample
of Mine.
1 2 ence. 1
Danville, Vermilion Co., 111.: % % % %
Section A
Section B
12.4
13.1
12.4
13.2
0.0
0.1
7.8
10.0
Composite 12.8
Westville, Vermilion Co., 111.:
Section A
13.3
B
15.3
C
16.2
I)
14.8
E
15.5
F
15.2
Composite 15.1
Georgetown, Vermilion Co., 111.:
Section
15.2
15.4
15.9
Composite 15.5
Danville, Vermilion Co., 111.:
Section A 13.1
B
C
D
E
F
12.9
12.7
12.6
13.9
13.8
Composite 13.0
Fairmont. Vermilion Co., 111.:
Section A 14.2
B 13.6
C 13.4
Composite 15.0
DuQuoin, Perry Co., 111.:
Section A
B
C
D
E
F
10.4
11.5
10.7
10.5
10.1
10.8
Total Moisture. Ash. Sulphur.
Sample
2
7o
7.9
9.9
Difference.
%
0.1
0.1
t
Sample
1
%
2.9
4.0
Sample
2
%
3.0
3.5
12.7 0.1 8.8 S.,8 0.0 3.2
13.2
15.5
16.2
14.9
15.4
15.1
15.1
15.5
Composite 13.7 13.6
Steelton, Vermilion Co.. HI:
Section A 15.9
B 14.2
C 14.9
15.1
15.5
15.7
13.0
12.8
12.7
12.5
13.8
13.8
13.1
14.1
1S.5
13.1
15.8
14.2
14.6
14.S
10.7
11.6
10.9
10.6
10.3
10.7
Composite 10.7 10.7
Bruceton, Allegheny Co., Po., Pittsburgh Bed.
Section A 2.9 2.8
B 3.0 3.0
C 2.8 2.7
D 2.7 2.7
Composite
Colver, Cambria Co., Pa.
Section A
B
C
2.8 2.8
Miller or "B" Bed:
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
8.5
7.9
8.2
8.7
7.1
8.6
9.2
8.0
8.3
8.5
8.7
S.7
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.2
1.6
0.1
2.3
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.3
2.9
0.0 8.2 S.5 2.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0 10.9 11.0 0.1 2.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1 10.0 10.4 0.4 2.3
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
9.S
11.2
11.6
10.0
9.3
9.7
9.1
9.1
S.5
9.5
9.6
9.1
11.3
10.7
9.9
8.5
9.7
10.9
12.2
9.8
9.3
S.6
8.S
9.7
8.5
9.2
9.9
9.8
11.4
10.3
10.0
8.7
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
o.::
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.2
2.0
1.9
2.4
3.2
3.7
3.7
3.1
3.1
2.9
3.2
2.2
2.1
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.3
9.8 9.7 0.1 2.3
9.6
8.7
10.6
12.2
11.6
11.0
10.7
5.7
6.0
5.1
5.5
5.6
5.4
4.9
5.1
9.0
9.0
10.S
11.7
11.8
11.5
10.6
5.6
5.8
5.2
•".7
5.6
5.2
4 7
Composite 5.1 5.11
Maximum difference in duplicate mine samples taken in Illinois.
Maximum difference in samples taken in Pennsylvania
Average difference in samples taken in Illinois
Average difference in samples taken in Pennsylvania
aNext highest difference in Illinois samples was 0.7.
0.6
0.3
u.2
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.0
0 9
1.0
0.1 1.0
Moisture:
Per Cent.
... 0.3
... 0.1
.... 0.1
. .. 0.05
2.4
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.8
2.9
2.3
2.1
1.9
2.6
3.1
3.5
3.4
2.9
2.8
3.0
3.2
2.3
2.3
2.8
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.0
Difference.
%
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
1.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
Ash:
Per Cent.
1.6a
0.2
0.3
0.16

samples from seven sections in two Pennsylvania
mines is .1 per cent.; tbe maximum variation
being .2 per cent.
In the Illinois series th© average ash variation
is 0.3 per cent, and tire maximum variation is 1.6
per cent., the next highest difference is 0.7 per
cent.
In an investigation of the quality of coal in the
mine several samples should be taken at different
places. These may be separately analyzed or
combined at the laboratory into a composite sample.
The composite analysis of several samples
is subject to smaller sampling errors than the individual
samples. For example, in table 5, the
largest ash variation in the composite- analyses of
samples 1 and 2 is 0.4 per cent., although several
individual pairs of duplicate samples showed 0.7
rer cent, difference and one pair out of the 36
had a difference of 1.6 per cent.
Next in importance to seeming a representative
sample to send to the laboratory, is the further
treatment in the laboratory sampling room by
which a representative powdered sample is obtained
for analysis.
In the method used by the Bureau of Mines.
moisture loss is avoided by air drying the 3-pound
sample before pulverizing. The amount of moisture
expelled during the
AIR nilYIXQ PROCESS
is recorded and added to the final moisture ob-
TABLE 6.
A comparison of moisture and ash in duplicate 3 o
samples received at the laboratory.
Per Cent. Moisture
Laboratory in Air Drv Coal.
No. ' .
Sample A. Sample B. Difference.
14807 1.95 2.02 .07
14808 2.11 2.09 .02
14809 6.90 6.81 .09
14812 1.89 1.91 .02
14813 92 .92 .00
14814 66 .69 .03
14815 3.57 3.67 .10
14817 1.14 1.22 .08
14S1S 1.63 1.65 .02
14819 1.08 1.19 .11
Average difference
Maximum difference in 10 samples
Where the highest degree of accuracy with respect
to moisture is not required and where the
analyses must be had in the shortest possible time,
the method used in the inspection laboratory oi
the Bureau of Mines will give satisfactory result's.®
This method consists in rapidly crushing
the coarse sample to 20-mesh by means of a
roll crusher or coffee mill type of grinder, and
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
tained by drying the powdered sample at 105 degrees
Centigrade (221 degrees Fahrenheit). The
air dry sample is quickly pulverized to 10-mesh
by passing through a roll crusher, reduced on a
riffle sampler to about 450 giams (1 pound) and
ground to 60-mesh in a moisture tight ball mill
which consists of rotating porcelain jars containing
well rounded flint pebbles. The final powdered
sample is preserved in a rubier stoppered
bottle to prevent change in moisture content.
This method of sampling was developed by Lord
and Somermeier at the t". S. Fuel Testing plant
at St. Louis. Numerous experiments have shown
that this method reduces tbe unaccounted for
moisture changes during sampling and analysis
to a lower point than any other practicable method
that has yet been devised. The very uniform
moisture results obtained on the duplicate mine
samples of the high moisture Illinois coals cited in
table 5, could not have been ootained by the old
methods of pulverizing on a bucking board where
tbe exposure of finely divided ccal to a dry or
humid atmosphere could change its moisture content.
Usually the laboratory sampling error with respect
to ash. by the method just described is less
than .3 per cent, and seldom greater than .5 per
cent. Where careful work is done by the sampler
the 5 per cent, limit should not be exceeded.
In table 6 are given some results of duplicate sampling,
as illustrating the usual errors.
powdered samples made from the 3 lb.
Per Cent. Ash
in Air Dry Coal.
Sample A.
12.93
12.52
13.40
12.55
6.10
8.45
1664
15.36
10.63
9.00
Sample B.
12.78
12.53
13.12
12.70
6.36
8.52
16.27
15.49
10.47
S.SS
Different
.15
.01
,2S
.15
.26
.13
.37
.13
.16
.17
in rubber stoppered bottles.
®Tbe fuel inspection laboratory of tbe Bureau of Mines,
bv J. D. Davis, Bureau of Mines. Bull. No. 41 (1912) The moisture determined in the 20-mesh sample
pp. 74.
IS
.37
taking a representative portion of this product for
the determination of total moisture. The re^
mainder and main portion of the sample is then
mixed and divided with a riffle sampler to not
less than 150 grams, which is then pulverized to
60-mesh with any suitable apparatus, such as a
bucking board or disc pulverizer, without regard
to moisture losses. Both samples are preserved

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
represents the total moisture in the coal as ie- up while drying in the coarse condition, or has
ceived; the moisture in the final powdered sample taken up from the atmosphere, while being pulveris
also determined in order tc recalculate the an- ized. The
alysis to the "as received" condition. HEATING VALUES
The results for moisture obtained by tins method are directly affected by the errors in the sampling
are somewhat low, due to unavoidable -oss while and in the moisture determinations.
crushing the coal to 20-mesh size. Wet coals In using any apparatus for pulverizing samples
must be partially air dried and the loss of weight the amount of contamination from abrasion of the
noted. pulverizing surfaces should always be investigated.
The determination of total moisture by drying a Before the U. S. Fuel Testing plant at St. Louis
portion of tbe coarse sample in a steam oven at adopted the ball mill foi the final grinding of coal
about 105 degrees Centigrade (221 degrees Fahren- samples, tests were made to determine whether
heit) will give low results, the error increasing there was danger of materially increasing the ash
with the size of the lumps. content of the samples irom chipping and abra-
The method of drying the coarse sample at tem- sion of the flint pebbles used in grinding. In
peratures above 100 degrees Centigrade (221 dc- these tests the weight of the sample ground each
grees Fahrenheit) and then pulverizing to a pow- time on the ball mill was approximately 500
dered sample for analysis with the assumption grams, and the abrasion of the pebbles (calcuthat
the powdered cnal fs dry coal, will give quite lated as percentage of the weight of the samples
erroneous results. The powdered sample will ground) was determined from the loss in weight
never be dry but will contain from .3 to 1.0 per sustained by tbe pebbles. The results on these
cent, moisture which it has either failed to give weighed lots of pebbles were as follows:
TAELE 7.
Loss© in weight of three lots of flint pebbles used fcr pulverizing coal in tbe ball mill.
Total Weight of Febbles. Loss by Abrasion.
Weight of - ' , ' >
Lot. Samples Before After Ratio to Coal.
Ground. Grinding. Grinding. Actual Ground.
Grams. Grams. Grams. Giams. %
No. 1. (250 samples ground) 125,000 4118.6 4113.1 5.5 0.004
No. 2 (230 samples ground) 115,000 3502.9 3499.4 3.5 .003
No. 3 (245 samples ground) 122.500 4273.2 4268.3 4.9 .004
The results show only .004 per cent, increase in ash due to the abrasion from the pebbles.
In order to determine the extent of abrasion from the porcelain jar, the following tests were
made:
TABLE S.
Loss in weight of porcelain jars used for pulverizing coal in tbe ball mill.
Total Weight of Jar. Loss by Abrasion.
Weight of . ' N '—•
Jar No. Sample Before After Ratio to Coal
Ground. Grinding. Grinding. Actual. Ground.
Grams. Grams. Grams. Grams. %
Jar No. 35 (100 samples of 150 grams each ground) 15000 8095 8085 10.0 .066
Jar No. 37 (100 samples of 150 grams each ground) 15000 8317 8314 3.0 .020
Jar No. 35 (100 samples of'100 grams each ground) 30000 .8095 8075 10.0 .033
Jar No. 37 (100 samples of 300 grams each ground) 3000O S314 8310 4.0 .013
Jar No. 36 ( 30 samples of 300> grams each ground) 3000 10789 1078S 1.0 .011
Evidently there is a little more abrasion from
the porcelain jars than from the pebbles. In the
experiments the same amount of material was
abraded in 150-gram samples as in 300-gram samples,
hence the necessity of using large samples.
Five hundred grams is. the best amount and should
not cause the ash content to be raised more than
0.01 per cent, at the highest, which is less than
the analytical error in the determination of ash.
©Page S, Bulletin No. 323, U. S. fi. S. Experimental
work of chemical laboratory, U. S. Fuel Testing Plant,
St. Louis, Mo., by N. W. Lord.
A more direct test of added ash from abrasion
was made by placing 400 grams of ordinary granulated
sugar in tbe mill and rotating it continuously
for four hours. Before grinding the sugar
contained .04 per ceirt. ash. after grinding, it contained
.00 per cent, ash; an increase of .02 per cent
That the ball mill is the most satisfactory appliance
for pulverizing coke is shown by the following
experiments: Ten samples of a hard foun
dry coke weighing about 25 pounds each were
crushed to 10-mesh size by first passing through
a chipmunk jaw crusher and then through a pair

of steel rolls. Each sample was then mixed and
divided with a riffle into three poi tions of about
S pounds each. The first portion was again put
through the rolls until all of the S pounds passed
through a 20-mesh sieve, and was then mixed and
reduced with the riffle to 150 grams which was
rubbed down to 60-mesh on a "Chilled cast iron
bucking board. The second 8-pound portion of
each sample was also put through the rolls again
until all passed the 20-mesh sieve; was then riffled
down to 150 grams and pulverized to 60-mesh in
a tool steel diamond mortar. The third 8-pound
portion of each sample was mixed and divided on
the riffle to about 300 grams, which was then
placed in the ball mill and pulverized to 60-mesh.
Ov/ing to the extreme hardness of this coke 4 hours
rotation in the ball mill was required to pulverize
to 00-n:esh. After removing from the ball mill
Laboratory
No.
11033. .
11034
11037
11038
11039
11040
11041
11042
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
influence the results are many and various. They
depend on the kind and quality of coal, the method
of sampling and analysis, ancl the skill and experience
of the analyst in the special field of coal
testing.
With the exception of the volatile matter, fixed
carbon and oxygen determinations, the best analytical
methods are more accurate than the methods
of sampling. The method of taking the original
sample is often limited by commercial conditions.
The determination of the heating value with the
use of properly standarized calorimeters and thermometers,
is reliable and comparable. Appreciable
errors, when such occur, are clue to sampling
or a change irr the composition of the sample by
oxidation or loss of moisture. Finally, a statement
of how the sample was taken should always
go with the report of analysis. This will enable
TABLE 9.
Ash in coke pulvei rzed b y three d iff ere nl methods.
Ash in Sample Ash in Sample
Pulverized Pulveriz °d
with Bucking with Diamond
Board. Mortar.
Per Cent. Per Cent
Ash
Sample
Pulverized
in Ball Mill.
Fer Cent.
Difference in Ash Found in:
B icking Board Diamond Mortar
and Ball Mill. and Ball Mill.
Per Cent.
Per Cent
12 9
12.9
11.8
11.4
10.3
11.3
11.5
10.8
10.5
10.S
1.4
2.1
2.3
4,4
.3
.6
—.2
.5
10.0
9.7
.3
10.7
10.7
.0
15.4
11.8
12.3
10.6
10.9
4.5
.2
1.4
10.3
10.1
0
10.2
9.7
.5
the entire sample was put through the 60-mesh
sieve mixed and reduced on the riffle to about 60
grams for analysis.
All tbe 60-mesh samples were tested for iron
with a magnet. No magnetic particles were found
in the ball mill sample and only a few- in the
diamond mortar sample; the bucking board sample
showed tbe presence of considerable metallic
iron. Ash determinations were made on each
of the diamond mortar and ball mill samples and
on some of tbe bucking board samples. The results
are shown in table 9.
With only one exception the samples pulverized
in the ball mill contained the least ash, tire diamond
mortar which crushes by impact only ranks
second. Rubbing surfaces of chilled iron and
even chrome such as used in the bucking board
and disc pulverizer, are absorbed by the hard particles
of coke, and therefore should never be used
for the fine grinding of coke.
To state definite limits of accuracy for coal analyses
is almost impossible. The factors which
2.9
one wdio has a knowledge of coal to properly interpret
the report of analysis.
LACOLLE COAL MINING COMPANY.
The annual meeting of the Lacolle Coal Mining
Co. took place at the company's general offices at
Greensburg, Pa., January 21. The officers' reports
showed satisfactory progress, and the mines at
Bolivar 1 to be in good going condition with the
product meeting a very satisfactory market. The
board of directors organized by electing the following
officers: N. A. Barnhart president and
general manager; A. C. Snively, secretary; Albert
H. Bell, treasurer. An executive committee of
three was elected as follows: J. R. Marshall of
Uniontown, H. C. Ackerman of Greensburg, and
B. S. Hammill of Pittsburgh.
While drilling for oil near Weleetka, Okla., the
Monitor Oil Co. struck a 48-inch vein of coal at
a depth of 419 feet. The coal has a good roof.
.4

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Penn-Quemahoning Coal Co., Bayonne, N. J ;
capital, $5,000; incorporators, M. J. Person, Bethlehem,
Pa.; Lewis F. Hutmacher, Bethlehem, Pa.;
Charles M. Allen, Bayonne, N. J.; Stephen Robin
son, Jr., Audubon, N. J.; F. C. Simons, New York,
N. Y.
Lehigh Coal Co., Fairmont, W. Va.; capital, $150,-
000; incorporators, R. A. Pollock, Massillon, O.;
Thomas Williams, B. P. Porter, David Morrison,
T. and G. D. Ewert. all of Cleveland, Ohio.
D. C. Thomas Coal Co.. of Seng, W. Va.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, D. C. Thomas. Crafton, Pa.;
J. W. Blower and E. B. Graham. Columbus, O.;
L. G. Worsten and H. D. Wilson, Athens, O.
Somerset Co., Philadelphia; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, George C. Jenkins, Baltimore: E.
Edward Hambleton, Baltimore; M. D. J. Disbrow
Baker, Philadelphia.
The Midway Mining Co., Cleveland, O.; capital,
$80,000; incorporators, Sheldon Parks, Carrie A.
Harper, Emma Johnson, Katherine O'Heed and
Clarence R. Bissell.
Buffalo Creek Coal & Brick Co., Pittsburgh; capital,
$250,000; incorporators. Charles A. Smith,
Pittsburgh; R. Duranter, McDonald, Pa., and C. E.
Meyer, Ingram, Pa.
Pennington Mining Co., Cleveland, O.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators. W. C. Merrick, G. W. Cotrell,
C. C. Roads, F. W. Dellenbarger, Henry G.
Dodge.
Taylor-Williams Coal Co., Columbus, O., capital,
$25,000; incorporators, John W. Moore, S. E.
Ranney, John M. Taylor, E. E. Learned, W. B.
Runyan.
|Y0U CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
CAN get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
^TheJ. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
j Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
) Contractors lor DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
Poland Supply Co., Pittsburgh; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, Julian Kennedy, Joseph W. Kennedy,
John O. Miller, Rufus Crawford, all of Pittsburgh.
France Coal Co., Toledo, O.; capital, $10,000;
incroporators, Charles L. France, H. E. Fayne,
Lee J. Bronneman, G. H. France, Walter H. Jeffery.
Nevling Coal Mining Co., Clearfield, Pa.; capital,
Lane Coal Co., McAlestei, Okla.; capital, $50,000;
$24,000; incorporators, J. Boynton Nevling, Reuben
incorporatois, S. W. Lane, Wawoka, Okla.; W. J.
F. Nevling, Samuel E. McLarren, all of Clearfield,
Baber, and J. Fred Miles, Tulsa, Okla.: A. L. Lati­
Pa.
mer, McAlester, and W. C. Ellis, Fort Worth, Texas.
Hazard Coal Land Co., Roanoke, Va.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, W. L. Brown, Bristol; J.
B. Fishburn, Roanoke; D. D. Hill, Jr., Roanoke, Va.
Peters Mountain Coal Co., Lewisburg, Pa.; capital,
$100,000: incorporators, F. B. Clayton, Lewisburg,
Pa.; J. H. Klingman, Halifax, Pa., and others.
Black Pine Mining Co., Phoenix, Ariz.; capital.
$500,000; incorporators, Hunter B. Supplee and Dr.
William H. Kuich. both of Philadelphia, Pa.
Wauconda Lumber & Fuel Co., Wauconda, 111.;
capital, $15,000; incorporators, Edward Deschamps,
Sylvester L. Tripp. William A. Schneider.
C. J. Rowe & Bros., Meyersdale, Pa.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, C. J. Rowe, Clarence F.
Rowe and F. E. Rowe, all of Meyersdale.
Cherokee-Girard Coal Co., Topeka, Kan.; capital.
$30,000: incorporators, O. S. Hubert, O. E.
Griffin, M. G. Slawson and J. O. Majors.
Illinois Coal & Mining Co., Belleville, 111.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, Henry J. Fink, Anton
•I. Schlinger, Charles B. Goeade.
Deep Fork Coal Co., Heniyetfa, Okla.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, C. H. Kellogg, J. H. Savage
and R. W. Sweet, of Henryetta.
Independent Ice & Coal Co., Spartanburg, S. C;
capital, $20,000; incorporators, C. C. Wyche, H. C.
Moschell, S. M. Muckendres.
Hickory Coal Co., Knoxville, Tenn.; capital, $30.-
"00: incorporators, N. S. Jenkins, Charles Jenkins,
Brown Prosser and others.
King City Coal & Mining Co., Mt. Vernon, 111.;
capital, $15,000; incorporators, A. N. Johnson, L.
P. Allen and P. Allen.
Menard County Coal & Mining Co., Tailula, 111.;
capital, $20,000; incorporator's, T. A. Tomlin, John
Sehone, S. C. Savage.
Elks Coal & l"e Co., Augusta, Ga.; capital, $2o,-
000; incorporators, Frank Ellis, T. S. Raworth,
C. I. Bryans.
Bank Coal Co., Williamsburg, Ky.; capital, $6,-
000; incorporators, Ed. Houston, John Pfaff and
1. B. Pfaff.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 69
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
VICTOR
Bituminous Coal
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Theodore F. Jenkins, as referee, has filed a report
at Philadelphia in the suit of the Mitchell
Coal & Coke Co. against the Pennsylvania Railroad
Co. for the recovery of rebates on shipments of
coal for a number of years. The referee reports
that judgment should be entered in favor of the
Mitchell Co. for $30,098.95.
FOR SALE.
We have in stock for immediate delivery, the
following hoisting engines:
4 Pairs of 8" x 10."
4 Pairs of 10" x 12."
4 Pairs of 12" x 16."
Write for prices and description.
THE EXETER MACHINE WORKS,
Pittston, Pa.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so hy letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
Located in the famous Southern
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and
of unsurpassed quality and quantity,
with excellent shipping facilities.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
k bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre Haute, lnd.
Position as superintendent by married man, 39
years old. College and University graduate. Sixteen
years practical experience, mostly inside coal
mines Pittsburgh district, as miner, roadman, driver,
weighmaster, surveyor, fireboss, assistant mine
foreman, mine foreman and superintendent. Good
health, good habits, and best of references. Salary
$250. Address A. B., Care of THE COAL TRADE
BULLETIN.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
FOR SALE.
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis' of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville R. R., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Madisonville, Ky.
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909- lO.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
Ihe names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

At the annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Southern Connellsville Coke Co., held at Connellsville,
Pa., recently, the old beard of directors was
re-elected for tbe ensuing year as follows: F. E.
Markell, S. J. Harry, J. R. Davidson, Dr. Hugn
Baker and Charles Detwiler. The directors reorganized
by electing F. E. Markell, president;
S. J. Harry, vice president; J. R. Davidson, secretary
and treasurer, and S. A. Carson, general manager.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
The discovery of extensive coal fields in the
Belgian Kongo, Africa, in the neighborhood of
Katanga was confirmed officially Jan. 18 by Chief
Engineer Minette, of the Belgian Geological and
Mining Society. Borings over an area of 400
square miles disclosed layers from six to seven
feet in thickness of a quality similar to that of
Belgian coal. The discoveries were made not
far from the Tanganyika railway, now under construction.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUS
TT
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
O A
PENNSYLVANIA.
J V
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
3
«!•«: CAMBKIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES;
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
OBNEKAL OFFICE
Latrobe, Penna.
r

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
I Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE nni/r
FOUNDRY K H
CRUSHED UUIXLl
fBIIBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBIIBBBBIIBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBIBBBlMIBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB,
GENERAL OFFICES: - - - - GREENSBURG, PA.
\ AGME GOAL MINING GOMPANY, |
: GREENSBURG. PA. 5
'I MINERS AND SHIPPERS |J
§ ACME AND AVONDALE !
I HIGH GRADE STEAM GOALSJ
J MINES, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. $
> SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R. J
5 5
5 C. J. RENWICK, Sales Agent, Prudential Building, BUFFALO, N. Y. S
\aBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBaaBBBBBaaBBBBBaBBBBBBBaBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBaBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBaaBBBBBBBBBBB\
| LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, j
: LATROBE, PA.
s — S
I H |GH G RaDE ^S TEaM ©*L |
waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaB
maaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaBBBaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaB
I 60NNELLSYILLE 6©KE.
APOLLO COAL CO.
• MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
J
| APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL^
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN 5
. COAL. I
J!
s i
^aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaawaaamaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaawaaaaaaaaaaaaMMaMMaaaaaaaammmmmmmm..m..mm.^ 5 GENERAL OFFICES t . . . GREENSBURG, gggPA. ^
5

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, FEBRUARY 15, 1913 No. 6
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL TKADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
COLDER WEATHER DURING THE FORTNIGHT has had
a good effect on the coal trade, with the result
that the market, which uad been somewhat in­
clined to sag with the softer weather, shows the
same sort of backbone that has characterized it
lor some months past, and the trade, consequently
has the aspect of actual winter conditions. The
cold snap extended nearly all over the countrj,
the big distributing and consuming centers being
particularly affected. This meant that some coal
which had not been absorbed by the domestic
trade during the warmer weather of last month,
and which was finding its way to the steam trade.
has been in demand again by household con­
sumers, to the relief of the steam branch of the
trade.
Mining activities do not seem to have experi­
enced much change during the fortnight, and
with car supply good, laborers in about the same
supply as at the opening of the month, there is
little change in the tonnage that is being hoisted.
However, if this winter weather continues for
some time yet, there is a probability this phase
of the situation will undergo a change, and there
will be more demand, with consequent increases
in output.
In the Pittsburgh district the conditions above
mentioned seem to be in control, with most of the
coal that is being forwarded going on contract
shipments. There is some spot demand, and ii
is cleaned up quickly, there always being a few
cars at hand to take care of this demand. But
the one thing that is gratifying is the fact that
even these bargain hunters, when they get the
coal, pay the full list price for it; or el?e they
don't get it. The miners of the distiict will go
into convention shortly, but it is not likely this
will have much effect on the trade in the district,
as there is nothing but their own internal affairs
to be acted upon, with no wage contract to cause
worry. List prices are the rule, as already men­
tioned and they are: $1.30 to $1.40 for run-of-
mine coal; $1.10 lo $1.50 for three-quarter coal;
$1.50 to $1.60 for inch and one-quarter coal, with
slack at $1.00 to $1.15.
The coke trade has suffered during the fortnight
from its first dose of over-production for some
time, and during the week just closed the first
coke was stocked in yards and cars for many
months. There has been little effort to curtail
production, particularly on the part of the inde­
pendent manufacturers, and the weekly record oi
tonnage in the Connellsville region continues to
maintain a standard considerably above the four
hundred thousand ton mark. But, while there
has been some stocking of coke, it has not caused
the manufacturers any considerable worry, and
they look for the market to recover and hold its
own for some months to come. The fact that the
last report of unfilled tonnage ot the Steel Cor­
poration shows a decrease may have had some
little effect on the coke trade, but even if it did,
this effect was not so noticeable as might be sup
posed. With the overstocked condition of affairs
as they now exist, prices have softened a little
and furnace coke is quoted at $3.00 to $3.25, while
foundry coke clings persistently to a price of
$3.50 to $3.75.

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The anthracite branch of the trade has been in
better shape daring the past fortnight than dur­
ing the previous one, due to the lessened number
of petty strikes and the settling of those that haa
hung over from the previous fortnight. These
so-called "button" strikes were very annoying to
the trade, therefore any lessening of their num­
ber is sure to meet with hearty approval. The the state will save money, it nothing else by the
figures for January shipments are likely to be creation of such a body of men.
available shortly and it is said they will show a
* * »
new record for that month. If this be so, then EXPORTS OF AMERICAN COAL CONTINUE TO SHOW
the production for the fiist half of the present AN INCREASE, and the chief ports from which ton­
month surely will be as heavy, if not heavier, and nage goes forward, have made a substantial gain
that despite the drawbacks. The colder weather in this respect during January. This fact
has accelerated the domestic demand and the re­ coupled with the acquisition of a large acreage of
tailer is now about ready to pass the increase to coal by Welsh coal men, in West Virginia and
the producing companies.
Kentucky, indicate that this export tonnage is
* • •
bound to increase still further.
JUDGE DAYTON OF WHEELING has made a sweep­
ing decision in regard to the Mine Workers' Union.
If the text of tbe decision bears out the advance
reports, it is one of the most drastic opinions
ever read in any court. The decision was made
in the petition for an injunction to issue against
the Mine Workers, to restrain them from working
in West Virginia. The decision gives six rea­
sons for granting the injunction, and the sum­
ming up of it all is that the court holds the Mine
Workers is an unlawlul organization.
• * •
ANNUAL REPORTS, IN AN ABRIDGED FORM, of the
officials of the United Mine Workers appear in
this issue of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. They
show the activities of the organization for the
year, indicate the lines of policy that have actu­
ated the officers, and show just the numerical and
financial strength of the union.
* * •
LAWLESSNESS IN WEST VIRGINIA again has neces­
sitated calling out troops to put it down. Gov.
Glasscock has declared martial law in a zone
larger than that so ruled in 1912, and the Guards­
men are taking stern measures to put down the
trouble. The legislature of the state has been
quoted as favorable to the payment of the bills
for the necessary military measures, while the
right of the governor to proclaim martial law
has been upheld by no less a tribunal than the
Supreme Court of the United States, hence it is
likely that the present disorders will meet with
an iron rule that will soon convince the lawless
element it is not safe to keep up their rioting.
Reports nave been made tne legislature favors
the creation of a state police force similar to that
of Pennsylvania to handle these troubles. Judg­
ing" from the experiences of the past two years,
In their annual reports White and Hayes of the
minei's take occasion to throw ornate bouquets at
each other (omitted in our reproduction cf these
documents through the exigencies of space) but
they say nothing about Perry.
* * *
West Virginia once more resembles a "theater
of war" with soldiers taking every advantage of
the "terrain" in the "field of operations." In
other words, the "sojer man" is running things
in the strike zone.
* « »
The different legislatures still seem to want to
muss things up for the coal man. They don't
need to worry about it. The coal man is satisfied
to stand pat rather than to tempt the un
known.
• * *
Judge Dayton certainly is plain in his injunction
ruling. He doesn't mince words, although he
doesn't seem to get very far with them up to this
writing.
• * •
Welsh coal men who formerly roasted American
coal, now are going to boost it. At least they
think enough ot it to invest a few million dollars
in it.
« • »
Our hat is off to you, Br'er Groundhog; you
sure did make good thus far.
* * *
Mr. Coal Man, aren't you lost this spring with
no wage scale to worry you?

MARTIAL LAW IN FORCE IN THE KANAWHA
FIELD OF WEST VIRGINIA ONCE MORE
—TROOPS ARE IN CONTROL OF STRIKE
ZONE.
Troops are once more patrolling the Kanawha
coal field of West Virginia and Governor Glasscock
has declared martial law in force in a district
much larger than was the case in the fall of
1012. The sending of the troops and the proclamation
of martial law came Feb. 11, following a
battle between miners and the state police officers
placed at the mines after the withdrawal of the
troops late in 1912.
There has been more or less trouble since that
rime, and conditions gradually became worse until
Feb. 7, when a special train bearing Sheriff
Hill and his deputies was attacked at Holly Grove.
Other attacks were made on the mines and supph
houses, and Sheriff Hill asked Governor Glasscock
to send troops into the district.
Six companies of the West Virginia Nationa.
Guard were ordered under arms Feb. 8 and were
held at their armories pending action by the governor.
Feb. 10 the real trouble came, when armed strikers
and their sympathizers again attacked the
police guarding the mines and a pitched battle
followed during which it is said a dozen men were
killed and about 20 wounded. The fighting was
general around Mucklow, Paint Creek Junction,
Holley Grove, Ronda, and Miami.
News of the battle was telephoned to Charleston
and Governor Glasscock railed the finance committees
of the Senate and House of Delegates
into conference and received assurance tbeT' would
include in their recommendations appropriations
to pay the cost of having troops in the strike
zone last and this year. Ho then ordered the
troops into the field and as soon as they reached
the district proclaimed maitia.1 law, the proclamation
covering the same section as in 1912, and
about 15 square miles additional.
The National Guard companies in service are:
Company M, of Charleston, under command of
Lieut. Adam Gaul; Company C, of Charleston,
Capt. L. Guy Levy; Company F, Fayetteville, Lieut.
A. B. Roberts: Company G, Huntington, Capt.
Fred W. Lester; Company H, Huntington, Capt.
H. B. McMillan; Company I Huntington. Capt.
Ira E. Barbour.
The troops are under the command of Adjutant
General Charles J. Elliott. Capt. John C. Bond
is provost marshal, and Capt. R. E. Sherwood is
acting adjutant.
At the same time the martial law proclamation
was issued, Governor Glasscock designated, the
officers who will constitute the military court that
will have jurisdiction over all cases in the district.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
as follows: Lieut. Col. George F. Wallace, judge
advocate; Maj. James I. Pratt, Capt. F. L. Walker,
Capt. C. R. Morgan, Capt. James A. Watson and
Lieut. H. H. Rice.
Feb. 11, when the troops were on the way to the
scene of the trouble large quantities of dynamite
were found under the rails, and were removed.
Immediately after taking command of the district
the troops began making arrests of those
said to have been implicated in the fighting and
19 men were gathered in, along with 21 others that
had been arrested earlier and were turned over
to the military-
Late the same evening a mass meeting of miners
was held at Sroithers Creek, across the border line
of tbe military district and threats were made
against the soldiers, the state officials and the mining
officials.
The next day things were comparatively quiet.
and the military commission that will try all
cases organized. During the day the troops
raided the town of Holley Grove, where most of
the trouble had been, arrested evey man found in
the village and confiscated all the arms and ammunition
found. The number of prisoners to
taled 68.
Feb. 13, a large number of miners went to the
state capital and threats against the governoi
were heard, resulting in placing the state capitol
and the governor's mansion under guard. The
police arrested "Mother" Jones, Paul J. Paulson,
Charles H. Boswell and Charles Bartlcy, all
charged with conspiracy in connection with the
strike troubles.
Four additional ccmpanies of National Guardsmen
were ordered to the strike zone Feb. 13, and
the state legislature agreed to the passage of a
bill appropriating $244,000 to pay the expenses of
the military rule.
The U. S. Supreme Court Feb. 3 declined to interfere
with the martial law ordered by Governor
Glasscock in 1912 in tho Cabin Creek district. A
negro asked the court to overrule his sentence of
five years in the penitentiary, by a militarv commission.
Charles E. Lester, Imperial Pictor. urges al!
Ko-Koal members who h?ve not yet settled for
annual dues, to make prompt remittance. The
amount of $1.17 is so small that little in the way
of direct pprsonal appeal can be undertaken and
he therefore requests that members who have
overlooked earlier payment will take this general
notice as a request to make settlement.
The Ohio, Michigan and Indiana Coal Dealers'
association has extended the officials of the Order
Ko-Koal a most cordial invitation to hold the
next anntial powwow at Cedar Point, Ohio.

24 THE COAT. TRADE BULLETIN.
NOTICE OF ASSESSMENT.
Indianapolis, lnd., Feb. 10, 1913.
To the Olfic rs and Members of the United .Mine
Workers ot America:
Brothers—At a meeting of the International
Executive Board held in this city, February 6,
the following action was taken: that an assess­
ment be levied on our entire membership of fifty
cents per month per member, payable monthly for
a period of two month , commencing Februarv 1,
1013. to provide lor the men engaged in strikes
in West Virginia, Vancouver, Colorado and a few-
local strikes that are being financed by the Inter­
national organization.
We urge and advise our members to respond
freely and unhesitatingly in order to care for
otii' members who are waging such a noble battle
foi' human rights.
The International officers have been clothed with
discretion by the board, provided they deem it
wise and expedient, to call cut the other fields
having any relation to the strikes in West Vir­
ginia and other l laces in order that success may
he attained.
RECEIVER TO MAKE SURVEYS TO CON­
NECT COAL ROAD WITH OTHER LINES.
We would urgently request that all local unions
Van Horn Ely, receiver of the Western Alle­
having surplus funds on hand advance the first
monthly payment at their earliest convenience
gheny Railroad Co.. was granted permission by
the courts at Pittsburgh Feb. 4 to expend not
after receipt of this circular. The men on strike
in the several districts mentioned are just as de­
mere than $5,000 to make surveys for locations
termined now as they were at the inception of
and estimates of connections with other railroads.
the strike to win and if necessary will continue
The petition filed in Common Pleas court states
indefinitely until victory is assured. Their in­
that tlie outstanding stock of the railroal comterests
are your interests and we express the hope
pany is $1,511,100, ail of which is owned by the
and have every reason to believe that our great
Great Lakes Ccal Co.. which company ulso is in
membership will rise to the occasion out of the
the hands of Ely as receiver. At present the
fullness of their hearts, recognizing the fact that
railroad runs through tiie coal fields of the Great
"an injury to cue is tne concern of all," and will
I.aces Coal Co.. in Lawrence and Armstrong coun­
respond promptly and generously and in the same
ties, its terminals being in the Beaver valley near
spirit that has characterized them in the past.
New- Castie ami in the Allegheny valley near East
Send all money to Edwin Perry, International
Secretary-Treasurer. 1101-1106 State Life Building,
Indianapolis, lnd.
By order of the International Executive Board
Brady. At present it connects only with the
Bessemer

COAL AND OIL MEN DISCUSS PROBLEM OF
GAS IN MINES AND THE DANGERS FROM
WELLS THAT PENETRATE THE COAL
STRATA.
The conference of coal, oil and gas operators
called by the IT. S. Bureau of Mines to discuss
the menace of the escape of gas from gas and oi!
wells into mines, met in the rooms of the Engineers'
Society of Western Pennsylvania, in the
Oliver building, Pittsburgh, Feb. 7 and 8, and
was presided over by Mr. H. M. Wilson, engineerin-charge
of the Arsenal Testing station, Bureau
of Mines, Pittsburgh.
While the escape of the gas from the oil and
gas wells into the mines was the big question
discussed, the necessity of protecting the oil wells
from water and tie further necessity of protecting
the surface springs and other supplies of water
in the territory covered by oil wells, was urged
by several speakers. The statement was made
that in at least one section of the country the
water supply has practically disappeared into the
earth through abandoned oil wells, and that the
farmers had to depend upon the rainfall entirely.
Mr. George S. Rice, chief mining engineer of
the Bureau of Mines, opened the conference with
the statement that the problem of gas and oil
wells extending t irough or near eoal mines and
through future coal reserves, has gradually become
more and more serious, not only on account
of the danger to the miner, but also because there
has been an increasing loss of coal left as pillar.-;
surrounding tbe wells.
Mr. 0. P. Hood, chief mechanical engineer of
the Bureau of Mines, and Mr. A. S. Heggem, one
of the oil experts of the bureau, offered sonid
suggestions as to the legislation that might be
necessary to meet the conditions. They stated
that it seemed to be the general opinion that some
form of inspection is necessary in the states and
that each state involved should have a chief inspector
of gas and oil wells.
Mr. L. M. Jones, mining engineer of the Bureau
of Mines, related some troubles experienced by
mines resulting from proximity to gas and oil
w r e!ls. He said that until very recently there had
been no legislation in any of the states requiring
ihe filing of an exact location of a drill hole and
the legislation covering plugging for the most pari
has not covered the case thoroughly and has been
difficult to enforce.
Tho discussion of the papers occupied the entire
day.
At the second clay's session the discussion wan
continued and it was decided to leave the entire
problem to a committee of three members front
each of the following interests: The coal operators,
the state mine inspectors, gas well operators,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
oil well operators, state geologists and the Bureau
of Mines.
The resolution which brought about this action
was introduced by Mr. G. W. Schluederberg, general
manager of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., Mr. VV.
E. Fohl of Pittsburgh, and Mr. 0. P. Hood were
appointed members of the committee ex-officio
A temporary committee of one man from each
ol the interests involved was appointed to assist
in the selection of the general committee, which
will meet in Pittsburgh Feb. 20 to submit tentative
legislation which is to be re-submitted to a
full conference representing all of the interested
parties. After that the proposed legislative draft
will be offered to the state legislatures of the eight
states which have this problem on hand.
Among thoso attending the onference were:
Messrs. E. J. Taylor, Pittsburgh, Pa., chief engineer
Pittsburgh Coal Co.: W. C. Neill, Pittsburgh,
attorney Manufacturers Light & Heat Co.;
F. XV. De Wolf, Urbana, 111., director State Geological
survey ; Richard R. Rice, Beaver, Pa., state
geologist; R. Dawson Hall. New York, associate
editor Coal Age: A. P. Cameron, Irwin, Pa., general
superintendent Westmoreland Coal Co.; B. H.
Canon. Pittsburgh, United Coal Co.; George W.
Schluederberg, Pittsburgh, general manager, Pittsburgh
Coal Co.; A. J. Moorshead, St. Louis, Mo,
president and general manager Madison Coal
Corporation, representing Illinois Coal Operators
Association; D. E. Moore, Fairmont, W. Va., chief
engineer The Consolidation Coal Co.; George S.
Rice, Pittsburgh, chief mining engineer IT. S
Bureau of Mines; 0. F. Hood, Pittsburgh, chief
mechanical engineer, U, S. Bureau of Mines; H.
M. Wilson, Pittsburgh, engineer in charge, U. S
Bureau of Mines; Irving C. Allen, Pittsburgh,
petroleum chemist, U. S. Bureau of Mines, and
W. E. Fohl, mining engineer.
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO AFFIRMS
COAL COMPANY'S CONTENTION.
Affirming tho courts of Belmont county. Ohio,
the State Supreme Court has held that the mother
of a boy killed in a mine has no right to maintain
an action for damages.
The suit in question was begun by Mrs. Rose
Harris, as administratrix of George Harris, a 16year-old
trapper boy, against the Rail & River
Coal Mining Co. for $10,000 damages.
The claim of the company, which by the Supreme
Court's decision is sustained by three courts
in succession, was that the mining code, adopted
a few years ago, repealed the statute giving right
of action to parents in case of accidental death.
The claims of Mrs. Harris' attorneys that she
was entitled to sue under the terms of the employers'
liability act was disregarded.

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PIG IRON OUTPUT FOR 1912 WAS
LARGEST IN HISTORY OF TRADE.
Official figures of the pig iron production of the
United States for 1912 as gathered by the American
Iron and Steel institute have been published
and show that the tonnage for the year was the
largest in the history of the trade.
The total production of all kinds of pig iron
in 1912 amounted to 29.727,137 gross tons, against
23,649,547 tons in 191], an increase of 6,077,590
tons, or over 25.S per cent. Several thousand
tons of ferro-phosphorus, ferro-titanium, ferrovanadinm,
and other alloys are included for both
years. The following table gives the half-yearly
production of all kinds of pig iron in 1911 and
1912:
Periods. 1912. 1911.
First half 14,072,274 11,666,996
Second half 15,654.863 11,982,551
Total 29.727,137 23,649,547
The production in the second half of 1912 shows
an increase of 1,582,589 tons, as compared with
the production in the first half of that year.
The whole number of furnaces in blast on Dec.
31, 1912, was 313. against 266 on June 30, 1912,
and 211 on Dec. 31, 1911. The number of furnaces
idle on Dec. 31, 1912, including furnaces
being rebuilt, was 153, against 200 on June 30,
1912, and 235 on Dee. 31, 1911.
During the last six months ol 1912 the number
of furnaces actually in blast during a part or
the whole of the period was 337, against 302 in
the first half of the year. In the last half of
1911. 275 furnaces were active, against 297 in the
first half.
During the first half of the year seven furnaces.
with an annual capacity of 215,000 tons, were
abandoned, all of which used mineral fuel when
last in blast.
Dec. 31, 1912, there were seven entirely new
furnaces in course of construction, all of which
will use mineral fuel, as follows: Pennsylvania,
three; Virginia, one; Ohio, one; and Minnesota.
two.
Dee. 31, 1912, eight old furnaces were being rebuilt,
all mineral fuel, as follows: New Jersey,
one; Pennsylvania, one: Maryland, one; Virginia
one; Alabama, one: and Ohio, three.
During the last six months of 1912 but one entirely
new furnace was completed, namely, the
charcoal furnace of the Stephenson Charcoal Iron
Co.. at Wells, Mich. It has an annual capacity
of 20,000 tons.
The Consolidation Coal Co., Baltimore, Md.. will
equip its collieries at McRoberts, Ky., with five,
10-ton, 42-inch gauge electric mining locomotives.
BIG NEW YORK RETAIL FIRMS
ARE TO BE CONSOLIDATED.
Plans nave been completed for the consolidation
of Burns Bros, and the Curtis-Blaisdell Co., whole
sale and retail coal dealers in Greater New York,
under the name of Burns Bros., with a capital ot
$2,000,000 7 per cent, cumulative preferred stock
and $5,500,000 common stock. The business of
Burns Bros, was established in 1881 by Michael
F. Burns, and under his management has been
uniformly successful. The gross tonnage handled
by the firm has grown from a small beginning to
an annual business of about 2,000,000 tons. The
Curtis-Blaisdell Co. dates from 1905, and has built
up an annual business of about 1,000,000 tons.
The books and accounts have been examined by
Price, Waterhouse & Co., certified public accountants,
who report that for the five years ended
March 31. 1912, the annual net earnings, after
liberal allowance for depreciation, averaged $491,-
288, or three and a half times the annual dividend
requirement; on the $2,000,000 7 per cent, preferred
stock of the new company.
The total net tangible assets of the consolidated
companies, as of September 10, 1912, after liberal
allowance for depreciation, were $2,487,309. This
item covets coal barges, wagons, horses, motor
trucks, coal pockets and machinery, cash (over
$500,0001. net accounts and bills receivable and
coal on hand.
LEHIGH VALLEY COAL SUIT DISMISSED.
Judge Thompson has filed a decree in the United
State District Court at Philadelphia dismissing
without prejudice the amended bill of complaint
filed by the government against the Lehigh Valley
Railroad Co. for alleged violation of the Hepnurn
Commodities clause of the Interstate Commerce
act. The application was made by the
government under the agreement of all counsel in
the case.
The goevrnment's original suit against the coal
carrying railroads was filed in 1908 for the purpose
of dissolving the so-called anthracite coal
trust. After an extended litigation the Supreme
Court decided in favor of a majority of the defendants.
The government's original suit against the coal
victory, in that it was allowed to file an amended
bill against the Lehigh road. The action against
the Philadelphia & Reading Railway Co. was not
included in the general argument before the Supreme
Court, so that this action still remains undecided.
Ignited States District Attorney Swartley
would not give any reason for the dismissal
of the Lehigh Valley case.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
ANNUAL REPORTS OF MINERS UNION OFFICIALS
The officials of the United Mine Workers of
America are making their customary annual re
ports to the men at the mines, although the union
is holding no international convention this year.
The report of President John P. White is briefer
than such documents have been in the past but
none the less interesting. Following is the text
of this almost in its entirety:
I am submitting to you a statement of the affairs
of our union and matters of importance that have
been considered during the year, believing that
it will be of interest to our membership, inasmuch
as our convention will not meet until January,
1914. It is indeed a pleasure to convey to
our members at this time the splendid growth of
our movement following the successful settlement
of wage contracts in the anthracite and bituminous
coal fields of the country.
It became apparent to me that if we were to
negotiate successful wage agreements a serious
effort should be put forth to rehabilitate the Interstate
joint movement, which comprised Western
Pennsylvania, District 5; Ohio, District 6;
Indiana, Districts 8 and 11 (Block and Bitttminouns),
and Illinois, District 12. After several
meetings we succeeded in reorganizing this movement
and at a final joint conference of miners and
operators, representing the above districts, held
in Cleveland, 0., March 20 to 30, inclusive, we
entered into an agreement which formed the basis
for contracts throughout the bituminous fields of
the country.
When we take into consideration that this was
the first time the operators from all of the above
named districts had participated in an Interstate
joint conference since 1906—when the Interstate
joint movement was dissolved and all efforts to
rehabilitate it had proved unavailing—it is gratifying
to note that immediately following its reorganization
along new lines we were able to
secure an increase in wages without a strike.
I think I am safe in saying that the membership
everywhere appreciate tbe importance of the
Interstate joint movement's work and the success
attending it. In view of the fact that grave problems
existed in our organization recently which
seriously threatened the usefulness of our movement,
the results it has accomplished in the face
of these trying conditions are all the more significant.
The settlement ratified by the Cleveland joint
conference and approved by the policy committee.
on which every district of our International union
was officially represented, was submitted to the
membership for a referendum vote and adopted
by an overwhelming majority, and is as follows:
The following statement made and entered
into this 30th day of March, 1912, covering the
prices and conditions of mining in Western Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, for the two
years ending March 31, 1914, to-wit:
First. That the price of mining be increased
five cents per ton on inch and a quarter screened
lump coal, pick mining, in Western Pennsylvania
thin vein, the Hocking the basing district of
Ohio, and both block and bituminous districts of
Indiana; and thiee cents per ton on mine-run
coal, pick mining, in the bituminous district of
Indiana and Illinois.
Second. That the price for machine mines bo
increased four cents per ton on screened lump
coal in Western Pennsylvania thin vein, the Hocking
the basing district of Ohio; four cents per
ton on screened lump coal in the block and bituminous
districts of Indiana, and three cents per
ton on mine-run coal in the bituminous district of
Indiana and Illinois.
Third. That internal differences be referred for
adjustment in the various districts affected, it
being understood that nothing shall be done in
district or subdistrict conventions that will increase
the cost of production or reduce the earning
capacity of the men.
Fourth. That the inside day wage scale shall
be advanced 5.26 per cent., with the conditions of
the Columbus day wage scale of 1898.
Fifth. That all narrow dead work and room
turning and outside day labor shall be paid a
proportionate advance with the pick mining rate,
viz: 5.26 per cent.
Sixth. That the screen hereby adopted for the
state of Ohio, Western Pennsylvania and the bituminous
district of Indiana shall be uniform in
size, six feet wide by 12 feet long, built of flat oi
Akron-shaped bar, of not less than five-eighths of
an inch surface with l L /t inches between bars,
free from obstruction, and that such screen shall
rest upon a sufficient number of bearings to hold
the bars in proper position.
Seventh. That the block coal district of Indi
ana may continue the use of the diamond bar
scieen, the screen to be of 72 feet superficial area.
of uniform size, and one and one-fourth inches
between the bars, free from obstruction, and that
such screen shall rest upon a sufficient number of
bearings to hold the bars in proper position.
Eighth. The above scale to be based on an
eight-hour day, as defined by the Columbus day
wage scale ot 1898.
Ninth. That there shall be no discrimination
by the coal companies in the employment of Mine
Workers on account of creed, color or nationality,
or because of activity in matters affecting the
organization.
While this agreement was being considered by
the bituminous miners of the country, we were
busily engaged in joint conference with the anthracite
coal operators' representatives. In order
that our membership might fully appreciate the
vastness of the work devolving upon the Interna-

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tional organization and its officials at this time,
it should be borne in mind that on the first da>
of April all the mine workers in tne anthracite
coal fields were idle, as were the mineis of all the
coal-producing states ol the Central Competitive
field, Michigan, Iowa and Kentucky, instructions
having been given to certain districts, where the
ufhcials deemed the best interests of the organization
would be protected, for the men to remain
at work pending the result of the referendum vote.
In November, 1911, the representatives of tne
three anthracite districts met in Pottsville, Pa.,
and formulated their demands, and on February
27, 1912, the same were presented to the repiesentatives
of the anthracite cual operators in
Xew York City. The operators requested an adjournment
until .March 13, when the conference
reconvened. The demands of the anthracite workers
were denied and the confeience adjourned,
the miners refusing to accept the offer of the
anthracite coal operators to continue the award
of the Anthracite Strike Commission, which had
been in effect for ten years with practically no
change.
The officers of the anthracite districts and tha
International union issued a suspension order,
effective April 1. Another conference was arranged
directly between the operators and miners
and convened in Philadelphia on April 10, and
continued negotiations for about 20 days, when a
tentative agreement was reached, carrying with
it a 10 per cent, advance in w : ages; the publishing
of the colliery rates; recognition of mine committees;
proper election of checkweighmen and
other substantial reforms, including, practically,
recognition of the union, as vou wih. observe by
the following agreement, which was ratified by
the tri-district convention held in Wilkes-Ban e,
Pa., May 14-18, inclusive:
1st. That the terms and conditions awarded by
the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission and supplemented
by the agreements subsequent thereto
he continued for a further period of four (4) years
ending March 31. 1916, except in the following
particulars, to-wit:
(a) The contract rates and wage scales foi
all employes shall be increased 10 per cent, over
and above the contract rates and wage scales established
by the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission
as effective April 1, 1903. The provisions
of the sliding scale are by mutual consent
abolished.
lb) All contract miners and laborers when
working on consideration shall be paid not less
than the rate paid company miners and laborers
at the mine where the work is being performed.
(c) There shall be an equitable division of
mine cars set forth in the award of the Anthracite
Coal Strike Commission and the decision of
the Conciliation Board; and further, the rates paid
by any contract miner to his employes shall not
be less than the standard rate for that particular
class of work.
(d) At each mine there shall be a grievance
committee consisting of not more than three employes,
and such committee shall under the terms
of this agreement take up for adjustment with
the proper officials of the company all grievances
referred to them by employes who have first taken
up said grievances with the foremen and failed
to effect proper settlement of the same. It is
also understood that the member of the Beard of
Conciliation elected by the Mine Workers' organization
or his representative may meet with the
mine committee and company officials in adjusting
disputes. In the event of the mine committee
failing to adjust with the company officials
any grievances properly referred to them, they
may refer the grievance to the members of the
Board ot Conciliation in their district for adjustment,
and in case of their failure to adjust the
same they shall refer the grievance to the Board
of Conciliation for final settlement as provided in
the award of the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission
and the agreements subsequent thereto, and
whatever settlement is made shall date from the
time the grievance is raised.
(e) Contract miners shall have the right to
employ checkweighmen and check docking bosses.
as provided by the award of the Anthracite Coal
Strike Commission and the decisions of the Board
of Conciliation, and when so employed their
rights shall be recognized and they shall not be
interfered with in the proper performance of their
work provided they do not interfere with the
proper operation of the colliei y. Checkweighmen
and check docking bosses shall be elected by
contract miners in meeting assemoled specifically
tor that purpose and for such term as said miners
may determine, and the chairman and secretary
of said meeting shall certify such election to the
mine foreman.
(f) For the purpose of facilitating the adjust
ment of grievances, company officials at each mine
shall meet with the grievance committee of employes
and prepare a statement setting forth the
rates of compensation paid for each item of work
April 1, 1912. together with the rates paid under
the provisions of this agreement, and certify the
same to the Board of Conciliation within 60 days
after the date of this agreement.
It might not be amiss to state that the ratification
ol this contract was not secured without
considerable effort. For some mvsterious reasons
opposition developed against its acceptance,
and many of tbe local unons sent their delegates
instructed to vote against the adoption of this
scale, despite the fact that it was secured without
resorting to a. strike; is the best contract in
the history of the anthracite mine workers, and
enabled them to build up a militant organization
which was so much needed in the anthracite coal
fields. I am glad to say, however, that when we
were able to meet with the lepresentatives of the
local unions at Wilkes-Barre and explain the full
provisions and meaning of this settlement, it was
adopted almost unanimous]}. The successes that.
have followed justify the action of the convention,
and the growth of the organization in the anthracite
field is unparalleled in the history of our
movement.

During the year an extensive campaign was
waged in the anthracite coal field, and never before
have the miners there displayed such activity
and manifested such deep concern in the affairs of
the union, and I want to especially compliment
them for their effort. In former years the activity
of the anthracite mine workers was displayed
prior to the expiration of their contract; in this
instance the growth of the union followed the
adoption of the agreement which made it possible.
SOUTHWESTERN' INTERSTATE ACREE11ENT.
Following the ratification of the agreement in
the Central Competitive field, representatives of
the miners and operators of the Southwestern districts,
comprising the states of Kansas, Missouri,
Texas, Arkansas and Oklahoma, met in joint conference
at Kansas City, and, in harmony with the
terms of the Southwestern Interstate agreement,
the mines continued in operation pending the
final negotiations of the wage contract. After
considerable effort a settlement was effected along
the lines of the Cleveland basis and ratified by
referendum vote of the miners of the above mentioned
states. It is considered the best contract
the Southwestern miners and operators have ever
negotiated. It is a pleasure also to convey the
information that matters have progressed satisfactorily
in the Southwestern districts, and no
serious trouble or strikes of any moment have
occurred within the year.
In September we negotiated a machine scale
for mines in District No. 21, based on the 68-cent
pick mining rate, which is regarded as one of the
best machine scales in the country. It provides
a flat differential of seven cents per ton, single
work, and two places for each loader, and corresponding
advantages. This machine scale means
much to the coal industry in the Southwest.
SETTLEMENTS IN OUTLY'ING DISTRICTS.
Settlements were effected in Michigan, Iowa,
Kentucky, the Central district of Pennsylvania
and the Kanawha district of West Virginia. In
some instances local questions entered into the
settlement and some delays were experienced, but
in the main the basis laid down at Cleveland
formed the basis of settlement for these districts.
NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY.
The contracts did not expire in the states of
Wyoming, Montana and Washington until late in
the summer, and I might add that .settlements
were effected in each of the above named districts
on a basis satisfactory to the membership affected.
COLORADO STRIKE.
The strike in existence in District 15 when I
took charge of the office of president is stili in
effect, but I am able to report a partial settlement,
which greatly reduces the number of men,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 19
women and children affected by this strike. The
settlement referred to was in conformity with the
demands involved in the strike, and we have every
reason to believe that final and complete success
of this long-drawn-out struggle will ultimately result.
The Mine Workers in this strike are to be complimented
on their splendid loyalty to the United
Mine Workers. Despite the fact that powerful
agencies of oppression have been directed towards
them, and notwithstanding that they have been
engaged in this industrial conflict for nearly three
years, they are just as firm now in their determination
to win the struggle as the first day they
became engaged in it. The extraordinary sacrifice
required on the part of our people in this conflict
entitles them to the admiration of our membership*
everywhere, and so far as it lies within
our power we will supplement their effort to the
end that this severe contest may result favorably
to the Colorado miners.
WEST VIRGINIA STRIKE.
The United Mine Workers' organization is engaged
in one of the most bitter struggles in the
Cabin and Paint Creek regions of West Virginia
that has probably characterized, our history.
Twice has martial law been established and is
now in effect; shocking indeed are the insults to
which our people are subjected by the inhuman
acts of the guards who are employed by the coal
companies, the liberties guaranteed the citizens
of any sovereign commonwealth under the Con
stitution are denied in every conceivable manner;
yet we behold a great state, second now in its coal
production, lending its entire military forces to
the coal companies to aid them in crushing the
hopes and aspirations of the subterranean toilers.
Our people are daily being sent to prison without
any recourse from this arbitrary court; they are
evicted from their miserable hovels and lhing in
tents and other improvised homes furnished by
the United Mine Workers, and are enduring all
the hardships that one can imagine, and despite
the fact that enemies from within and the forces
from without are trying to break the spirit ot
these gallant men, women and children, this fight
for human rights is being waged with the greatest
determination that ever permeated the bosom of
the workers, and we want the help, encouragement
and financial support of the entire membership
of our great union to aid them in their struggle
for industrial emancipation. Every conceivable
reason is being assigned and every weapon
of oppression is being employed to accomplish the
defeat of the strikers and their families; our gallant
fellows are being torn from the bosom of
their families and cast into prison without a
semblance of reason, and without recourse to th«

civil courts; their wives and daughters have been
subjected to brutal insult; the suffering is intense
and the persecution exceptionally severe,
but their spirit remains unbroken and they are
determined to persevere, and in their noble endeavor
they have our unqualified support.
VANCOUVER ISLAND.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
I regret to report to our membership the difficulty
we are experiencing en Vancouver Island.
The operators precipitated this trouble and are instrumental
in maintaining a lockout against our
membership that has now developed into a very
serious affair. About 1,100 of our members in
the towns of Ladysmith and Cumberland are affected
by this controversy. It seems that the coal
companies are endeavoring to defeat the establishment
of our union there. The men affected
have the endorsement of the International organization
and are receiving our support.
NON-UNION FIELDS.
Investigations of conditions in the non-union
fields of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Alabama,
Southern Colorado and Kentucky reveal that the
time is not far distant when a successful campaign
can and will be inaugurated in these districts.
I realize that vast sums of money have been expended
and many ineffectual attempts made in
times gone by to organize these fields; yet there
is a militant spirit pervading these regions, and
we should again endeavor to establish tbe organization
there. I am constrained to believe that a
systematic and effectual plan of campaign consistent
with the requirements of our union can
from time to time be waged in the interest of our
fellow craftsmen in the above named states who
are the victims of such oppressive social and industrial
conditions.
FINANCES.
Your attention is invited to the report of the
secretary-treasurer, which will show a brief summary
of the finances, and in due time the detailed
leport of the auditors will be sent to all local
unions.
LOCAL UNIONS AND MEMBERSHIP.
During the year there were 167 local union 0
organized and 100 discontinued.
I herewith submit a table showing the average
paid-up membership from the years 1S90 tc 1912,
inclusive:
1890 20,912 1902 175,367
1891 17,044 1903 247,240
1892 19,376 1904 251,006
1893 14,244 1905 264,950
1894 17,628 1900 230,667
1895 10,871 1907 260,740
1896 9,617 1908 252,018
1897 39,371 1909 265,274
1S9S 32,092
1899 61,887
1900 115,321
1901 198,024
1910 231,392
1911 256,256
1912 289,269
It gives me great pleasure to report the splendid
growth of the membership. Our organization
now has 100,000 more members than at anytime
in its history, and the indications are that
the coming year will witness the same constant.
steady growth that characterized the year just
drawing to a close.
The following table shows the number of paidup
and exonerated members from December, 1911.
to November, 1912, inclusive:
Paid-up Exonerated
1911. Members. Members. Total.
Dec 301,593 11,936 313,529
1912.
Jan 266,208* 7,355 273,563*
Feb 282,071* S,S54* 290,926
March 319,799 8,119* 327,918*
April 262,700 143,946 406,646
May 141.929 93,122* 240,051*.
June 204,378* 37,573* 241,952
July 2SS.093 27,362* 315,4554.
Aug 317,354* 18,515 335,869*.
Sept 339,149 14,965 354,114
Oct 369,818* 8,492* 327,311
Nov 378,132 5,805J 383,937*
You will observe the average paid-up membership
for the year was 289,269, or an increase of
33,013 over 1911. The average exonerated membership
was 32,587 and the average membership
lor the year ending November 30, 1912, including
exonerations, was 321.856.
The paid-up membership for the month of December,
1912, was 386,965, exclusive of exonerations.
I am sure these figures speak volumes for the
progress of our movement, and should inspire the
officers and members everywhere to renewed determination,
and I express the hope that our great
membership will be further increased during the
coming year.
COMMENT.
In reviewing the affairs affecting our organization
and its great membership during the period
covered by this report, it is a pleasure to be able
to cite the progress of our movement in the face
of the many trying problems that confronted the
organization everywhere during the period of wage
negotiations. I am especially gratified to convey
to our membership that the bitter personal controversies
that existed heretofore in our movement
are practically eliminated, which is one of the
prime reasons for the splendid success attending
our work.
Our steady aim has been to co-operate in every

way with the subordinate branches of our union,
to the end that the best results might be obtained
for our membership. We have had no time to
enter into the discussion of personalities, and
have devoted our efforts diligently to the great
problems needing our attention, and everywhere
we have strictly adhered to the laws of our organization
and have recognized fully the autonomy
of the district, sub-district and local branches
of our union, and while at times it might haveappeare-d
to some that our efforts to meet every
obligation imposed upon us have been tedious, it
would be well for all concerned to remember that
with the affairs of a great movement such as ours
now is to keep in mind it is best to exercise prudence
and to weigh well the consequences of our
official acts; the far-reaching effect they are likely
to have upon the welfare of our organization;
the maintenance of our wage contracts and the
extension of our union.
I have endeavored to see that our agreements
with the coal companies were maintained, and will
continue to give my unqualified support to the
protection of our membership when I feel that conditions
are being imposed upon them in violation
of our contracts.
CONCLUSION.
In concluding this statement, which has been
rendered for the express purpose of enabling our
members to have a fair understanding of the situation
and in the hope that effective work may
continue during the year, I wish to state that my
efforts in the future, if I am again honored with
your confidence, will be untiring in the interest of
our great organization and the welfare of its
membership.
I hope my contribution to tho cause of my fellow
workers will be as great as that which accompanied
the various administrations of my distinguished
predecessors, and in the years to come I
trust we may have the pleasure of beholding all
the mine workers of our country enrolled under
one great banner, the United Mine Workers of
America.
Report of Vice Preeident Hayes.
After the usual introduction Vice President
Hayes' report was in part as follows: The splendid
increase in membership in the anthracite
field, after the consummation of an agreement.
speaks well for the concessions secured and emphasizes
the fact that the present anthracite agreement
is the best one ever secured for the mine
workers of that region. Approximately 100,000
new members have been added to our union in
this field during the past year, and if interest and
enthusiasm count for anything they have come
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
to stay. We have also added to our membership
in the non-union bituminous fields, and at this
time we are conducting a campaign of agitation
and publicity in the non-union mining fields of
the country, which is meeting with a splendid
response. From my survey of the situation, I
am inclined to believe that the day is not far distant
when practically all the mine workers in the
country will be enrolled in our organization.
WEST VIRGINIA STRIKE.
Our union is at present engaged, and has been
for several months, in a very important strike on
Paint and Cabin Creeks in West Virginia, and as
I have had occasion to De in close touch with this
struggle, a statement concerning it will no doubt
he of interest.
It is pleasing to report that the strike is in
good shape at this time, and that the strikers are
more determined than ever to prosecute this struggle
to a successful conclusion, This strike has
now been in progress for several months, and it
is pleasing to note that but few desertions from
the ranks of the strikers have occurred. It is
inspiring to note their solidarity and the splendid
spirit they are displaying in this battle for human
rights. It is equally gratifying to note the
liberal support our organization is receiving from
our locals everywhere in response to our appeal
for contributions to support the men on strike.
The strikers are being well taken care of, under
the circumstances, and their tent homes are made
as comfortable as possible.
The operators use some peculiar arguments in
opposing the organization in West Virginia. They
publicly state that it is our desire to establish
the organization in West Virginia for the purpose
of benefiting the operators in the states already
organized. It is needless to say that this statement
is a mere subterfuge, and that they know,
or ought to know, that our organization in formulating
wage scales takes into consideration
competitive conditions between the states, cost of
mining, freight rates, etc., and that it has ever
been the purpose of our organization to allow all
operators to compete in the markets of the nation
on an equitable basis, or as nearly so as possible,
without discrimination in favor of any particular
coal field. It goes without saying that if we
establish a scale so high that the operators of
West Virginia could not market their coal it
would be suicidal on our part and would not redound
to the best interest of the men we organized.
Under a competitive system of society we
must and always will take into consideration these
economic facts. This argument of the operators
is only being advanced for the purpose of deceiving
the general public, and if a joint conference
is agreed to in this field this claim of the

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
operators will be quickly exposed. It is because
of this fear that the operators so far have been
averse to meeting the miners' representatives in
joint conference. We are hopeful, however, that
they will soon be convinced that their efforts to
keep our organization out of West Virginia arc
bound to be futile, and that sooner or later they
will participate in a joint conference, for the purpose
of working out a satisfactory scale and adjusting
their problems in an enlightened manner.
A few companies have already seen the light and
have conceded increased wages and improved conditions
to the men, and we are hopeful that the
rest will do the same in the near future, and it
might not be amiss to say that the strike will go
on until they do
COLORADO STRIKE.
The strike in Northern Colorado still continues.
with every prospect of ultimate success. While
this struggle in Colorado may seem a long-drawnout
affair, it is well to bear in mind that we are
not only fighting the interests in Northern Colorado,
but the interests of the entire non-union
coal fields of the West. The splendid spirit mani
fested by those engaged in this strike is indeed
inspiring, and from my knowledge of the situation
I am convinced that the men engaged in this
strike are now more determined than ever to
prosecute it to a successful conclusion. The settlement
our organization made with the American
Fuel Co. several months ago has increased our
chances of success materially and has returned a
majority of the strikers to work, and it is agreed
on all sides that this settlement has broken the
backbone of the opposition to our cause, and that
sooner or later all the companies in the field must
follow in its course. The American Fuel Co.
has treated our organization with every consideration,
and in return we have assisted to the best
of our ability in seeing that they were not placed
at a disadvantage in the marketing of their coal.
Report of Secretary-Treasurer Perry.
This report refers to several matters covered in
the others and is in part as follows: Our income
was in excess of the disbursements $24,045.35. In
this connection let me say that I have done all
in my power to minimize the cost of maintaining
the organization and the several strikes in pro­
gress consistent with the dignity of our organi­
zation and the rights of the men who have so
bravely fought the battles for human rights.
The following is a summary of the amount sup­
plied to the several districts on strike for the last
fiscal year:
District No. 1 $ 12,797.03
District No. 5 25,500.00
District No. 7 5,467.58
District No. 8 7,800.00
District No. 9 6,562.05
District No. 13 28,893.86
District No. 15 267,000.00
District No. 17 145,905.03
District No. 18 121,500.00
Ditsrict No. 19 40,134.50
District No. 20 4,950.00
District No. 23 7,309.00
District No. 25 2,000.00
District No. 26 200.00
District No. 28 30,000.00
Total $706,010.05
Miscellaneous aid 215.15
Grand total $706,225.20
There were 191 locai unions organized during
the term covered by this report, and 108 abandoned.
EXONERATIONS.
During the fiscal year exonerations were granted
to the extent of 391.044. or an average of 32,587
members each month.
In order that these figures may be properly
understood and appreciated, I would call the attention
of our members to the fact that in the
month of April exonerations were granted on
143,946 and for the month of May on 98,122. During
these two months many of our mines in the
different districts were idle and the districts in
joint conference negotiating wage contracts.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
The following is a statement of the income and
expenses for the fiscal year ending November 30,
1912:
Income.
Tax $ 867,806.82
Supplies 7,655.64
Journal 7,025.82
Assessment 187,501.81
Miscellaneous 63,046.75
Total $1,133,036.84
Expenditures.
Salaries and expenses $ 267,036.35
S'iPPlIes 4,284.55
Office expenses 5,388.12
Printing 21.959.15
Journal 13.417.85
Telephone, postage and express 5,191.80

Aid 706,225.20
Miscellaneous 85,488.47
Total $1,108,991.49
Recapitulation.
Balance on band Dec. 1. 191.1 $ 197,216.70
Income, Dec. 1, 1911, to Nov. 30. 1912,
inclusive 1,133,036.84
Total $1,330,253.54
Expenditures, Dec. 1, 1911, to Nov. 30,
1912, inclusive 1,108,991.49
Balance on hand Dec. 1, 1912 $ 221,262.05
Amount on deposit. Edwin Perry $ 5S.327.69
Amount on deposit, strike account.. .. 65,366.32
Amount on deposit, Indiana National
Bank 58.49
Amount on deposit, Mahaska County
State Bank 10,075.00
Amount on deposit, Oskaloosa National
Bank 10,075.00
Amount on deposit. Louisville Bank.. 6,000.00
Amount on deposit, Lafayette Bank. . 44,500.00
Amount on deposit, Interstate Savings
Bank 40,000.00
Amount on deposit, Erie Bank 4,500.00
Total amount on deposit $238,902.50
Outstanding checks 17,640.45
Baalnce on hand Dec. 1, 1912.... $221,262.05
SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES FOR ALABAMA
COAL MINE FOREMAN'S CERTIFICATES.
Forty-two candidates for mine foreman's certi­
ficates passed the recent examination in Alabama.
They are:
First grade mine foreman—W. Wood Quarles,
James Cobb, Duncan Shields, R. R. Crump, Archibald
Coats. Wed Rogers, James Segars, Clyde
Greer, John Chadbourne, Thomas Chadbourne,
John A. Grant, Samuel Neill, A. F. Morgan, John
McCurdy, C. G. Ellison, W. J. VanZant, Robert
Higginbotham, Angus Adair, James Henderson,
H. M. Mcfarlane, Hick While, Pinckney Martin,
•Walter Crane, W. H. Sharp. Tim Griffith. J. P.
Dailey, Joseph H. Hartley, Martin Head. Harrison
Shirley, Louis Lillich. Alfred Lloyd and Albert
Murray.
Second grade mine foreman—Burwin Guthrie,
Oliver T. Brook's, Samuel Martz, Virgil West.
Fire boss—James J. Crim, S. H. O'Neal. T. Z.
Mitchell, Thomas Turner, John Benson, Richard
H Tharp.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
W. W. Fowler, president of the Calvert Coal &
Coke Co. of Chicago, and associates have purchased
the entire holdings of the Cespe-Kanawha
Coal Co., and the Cespe-Kanawha Merchandise Co.,
of Bream, W. Va. The properties are in Kanawha
county on the Coal & Coke railroad, six miles out
of Charleston. Plans are being made to double
the output. Mr. Fowler was elected president and
treasurer of the company and J. R. Quinn, eastern
representative of the Calvert Co., was made secretary.
J. T. Blair, representing a Chicago coal firm,
has procured options on 1,200 acres of coal lands
of Dr. T. D. Scales, prominent Democratic politician
and coa' operator in Southern Indiana, tor
a consideration of $70,000. Blair says the coal
will be stripped. He claims to be able to put it
on cars for 35 cents a ton.
Owners of 6,000 acres of coal lands near Stoyestown,
Pa., that were optioned recently by Capt.
Sanner. L. G. Lambert and Joseph Shaver, of Somerset.
Pa., have been notified that the options wil'
be taken up at the price agreed upon, $50 per
acre.
Reports from Howe, Okla., are that the Southwestern
Tennessee Iron & Coal Co. has purchased
all the mines on the Rock Island railroad from
Hartford, Ark., to McAlester, Okla., and will open
new mines as well as operate the old ones.
Rev. A. W. Robinson, of New Cumberland. W
Va., has sold 39 acres of coal land in Wayne township,
Greene county. Pa., to H. J. Eldrew, of Waynesburg,
Pa. The price was $300 an acre.
Attorney George B. Drake, of Waynesburg, Pa..
has purchased the John D. Russell farm in Gil
more township. Greene county, Pa., consisting of
50 acres of coal land at $160 per acre.
Josiah V. Thompson, of Uniontown, has purchased
33 acres of coal land in Whiteley township.
Greene county, Pa., from John M. Bradford, of
Texas. The price was $300 an acre.
W. F. Patterson, of Waynesburg, Pa., has sold
to Dr. J. C. McClenathen, of Connellsville, Pa..
1.500 acres of Pittsburgh coal in Monroe county.
O., for $100,000.
J. B. F. Rinehart, of Waynesburg, Pa., has purchased
from W. S. Mankey 100 acres of coal in
Morris township, Greene county, Pa., for $125 per
acre.
The Casfollano & Dean Realtv Co. of Jacksonville,
Fla., has purchased from W. T. Fowler 320
acres of coal near Tuscaloosa. Alft.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
STATE MINE INSPECTION BUREAU OF TEXAS
MAKES SUGGESTIONS REGARDING ACCI­
DENTS IN MINES.
State Mine Inspector Isidore J. iBroman of
Texas, in his annual report to the State Mining
Board, recommends that the office of deputy mine
inspector be created. He says the duties of the
mine inspector have multiplied to such an extent
as to necessitate the appointment of an assistant.
The mine operators of Texas, Inspector Broman
says, are beginning more and more to consult the
mine inspector in technical matters with the view
of promoting greater safety as well as in the introduction
of the most modern mining methods.
Recommendation is made that the salary of the
deputy mine inspector be $1,500 a year and that
he be appointed for a term of two years.
Inspector Broman made the following report for
1912:
"During the year 60 inspections were made,
covering part of the field twice. I changed the
general plan of inspection by devoting most of my
attention to the mines most in need of supervision
in order that such mines might be brought up to
the standard.
"Generally speaking. I have had very little fault
to find with the condition of the majority of the
mines. I can report a great improvement in the
bituminous field, both as regards safety and gen
eral efficiency. I have not had occasion to com
plain much on account of indifference or laxity
on the part of the operators. As far as safety
is concerned I would gladly hold these mines up
as examples.
"In the lignite field very little complaint can
be made as regards safety. The cause of all
troubles in this field can be traced to several existing
conditions which could be easily remedied
with very little exertion on the part of the operators.
I am not speaking now of such labor
troubles as are inevitable, but of the haphazard
and unscientific methods of mining which are
still in vogue, especially in the smaller mines.
The most productive and paying mines of the state
have abandoned these methods, but there are stil!
several lignite mines which are being run on the
old plan of operation.
"Since the law requiring maps to be made of
the mines went into effect some wonderful facts
have been revealed, the most remarkable of which
is how or by what special instinct a man going
into the mines can find his way out again. Not
long ago the pit boss of a mine who was with me
while I was inspecting the mine, became lost and
I had to pilot him out. It is evident that in
mines where such conditions exist there can be no
system of ventilation or much of anything else.
However, with the increasing demand for lignite
and with the higher prices which the future seems
to promise, mining methods will soon be revolutionized
and only trained men will have charge
of the mines and the whole system will be
changed.
"From the reports received by me about 40
men were killed in accidents in the mines during
the year. The number of miners employed is
5,000.
As far as the prevention of mine accidents is
concerned, eliminating the danger from gas and
dust explosions, of which there are practically none
in this state, I consider the problem in this state
to be closely analogous to the problem elsewhere,
namely, how best to educate the individual miner
up to a fuller realization of his own responsibility
in providing for his own safety as well as that of
his fellow miners, by taking greater precautions
The mine operator has his full share of responsibility
in providing as much as may be in his
power for the safety of his men, but this by no
means sets aside the responsibility of the individual
miner."
MINE WORKERS INTERPRETATION
OF THE INDIANA SCALE.
Terre Haute. lnd., Jan. 17, 1913.
To the Local Unions of District No. 11, United
Mine Workers of America:
Greeting—On account of difference of opinion as
to the interpretation of that part of the contract
with reference to the cleaning of slate and the
payment therefor, the Executive Board has seen
fit to place an interpretation on that clause, and
place a copy of it in the hands of each local union.
The following is the interpretation as placed by
the Executive Board and by which our membership
wil! be governed:
When a miner or miners have a fall of slate in
their working place or places, it is their duty and
they must go to the boss and tell him about such
fall of slate in their place, and then return to
their working place and clean the slate and keep a
correct account, of all the time worked, and turn
the same in to the boss, and if he fails to allow
the time and to pay them for it, then they will
place their case in the hands of the committee
and allow it to be handled the same as all other
disputes, and it is understood that the company
has a right to send their day men to help clean
the fall, but the miner has a right to work with
the day men until the fall is cleaned.
It is imperative on the part of the boss to allow
the miner affected by the fall to clean it up immediately
upon his receiving notice from the
miner about the slate being down.
W. D. VAN HORN, President.
CHARLES FOX, Secretary.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
L S O M E TROUBLES EXPERIENCEI ) BY MINES RESULTING FROM
PROXIMITY TO GAS AND OIL WELLS*
By L. M. Jones. [
The relation of gas and oil wells to coal mines was found. It was cleaned out tc a depth of 715
has been investigated by inquiring into the past feet (500 feet below tho coal) where there seemed
and present operating practice of each and noting to be an obstruction. The hole was then cased
wherein accidents and troubles have resulted or as follows:
are likely to result. Published references to An 8-inch pipe was installed to a distance of
quite a number of troubles have been found and 4 feet below the surface: then 4-inch pipe was
as many as time would permit, have been investi­ installed to a point 8 feet above the coal and at
gated in the field so that the causes might be its end a 3' 8" x 7|" sleeve wall packer was placed.
determined, if possible, and remedies suggested. Inside the 4-inch pipe, 2-inch pipe was installed
The cases on which information has been obtained to a point 150 feet below tbe coal and a disc wall
have been classified according to the cause of the packer placed at the end of it. This allowed a
accident or trouble.
free vent from below the coal to the surface.
Uncharted abandoned wells not properly plug­ After sufficient time had elapsed so that an inged:vestigation
with helmets inside the sealed area
Until very recently, there had been no legisla­ indicated the fire was out, the entiies were retion
in any of the states requiring the filing of an opened.
exact location of a drill hole, and the legislation Seeping of oil into mines:
covering plugging has for the most part not cov­ There has been a number of eases where oil
ered the case thoroughly, and has been difficult to has oozed from the coal from wells whose loca­
enforce.
tion was not accurately known, the surface indi­
On this account in some of the old oil and gas cations having entirely disappeared.
fields large numbers of wells have been drilled In one mine in the Pittsburgh district after
and for one reason or another have been aban­ two rooms off a certain butt entry had passed
doned, not plugged at all or inefficiently. Where through a clay seam oil oozed fro mthe coal face.
these wells have passed through coal beds which Work in the rooms was immediately discontinued
at a later period have been opened, a number of and
accidents have been caused by the unexpected
SAMPLES OF AIK
piercing of the wells and the resulting liberation taken at the face to determine whether any nat­
of large volumes of natural gas.
ural gas was leaking into the mine. These sam­
A serious mine fire occurred at Lewis mine of ples failed to show the presence of any natural
the Pine Run Coal Co. at Vandergrift, Pa., on gas although three abandoned wells were located
July 30, 1912, from lighting the gas which en­ near this point. Two of these were within a distered
the mine when an abandoned well was tance of 200 to 250 feet from the points the oil
struck.
appeared and the third was about 400 feet dis­
A machine runner and scraper were undercuttant. All three wells were supposed to have
ting the coal by a chain machine at the right been plugged before abandonment.
corner of the face of No. 11 room off No. 19 left There have been other cases where oil has en­
butt entry about 11:00 o'clock in the morning tered the mine through the coal from some neigh­
The machine cut into an uncased hole and a boring well. In one case in sufficient quantity
LARGE VOLUME OF GAS
immediately enteied the mine. The gas was lit
by the open lights cf the miners and they were
forced to run from the working place. As they
ran out of the room the flaming gas followed just
beneath the roof. A number of attempts were
made by the foreman and others to reach the face
to get the mining machine but failed.
At four P. M. brick stoppings were started at
the mouth of entries Nos. 19 and 20. They weia
completed that evening.
Later by digging on the surface the old hole
so that a pump was installed to care for it.
Wells, improperly sealed, without vent for casing
gas:
A second group of troubles were from wells
which have been improperly or incompletely cased
and sealed, or which have no vent to the surface
for gas which has collected in the casings.
Probably the most serious accident which has
yet occurred from natural gas entering a mine,
resulted from a well improperly capped which had
been drilled through mine No. 47 of the Consolidation
Coal Co., West Virginia, Dec. 19, 1910.
This accident was described by Mr. C. H. Tarle-
•Paper read at the conference on Gas Wells and Coal Mines.
Pittsburgh, February 7, 1913
ton before the West Virginia Mining Institute in

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
1911. The well in question was so small a producer
that it had been closed in, it being questionable
whether it would be commercially valuable.
It passed through the mine in one end of a coal
pillar 125 feet wide and 380 feet long. In some
manner not definitely known the gas from the
tubing leaked into the casing which was closed
at the surface. The high pressure said to be
possibly 1,000 pounds per square inch, forced the
gas through the rock strata underlying the coal
and the gas entered mines Nos. 47 and 49 at a
number of points in practically a straight line in a
southwesterly direction
PARALLEL TO THE COAL
contour of the Pittsburgh seam for a distance of
2,300 feet from the well. As these mines were
non-gaseous mines open lights were used and the
gas was lit in both mines by the open lights,
explosions resulting. Fortunately the coal dust
in both mines was damp so the explosions were
not so widespread or so violent as they might
otherwise have been.
In mine No. 47 the explosion occurred at 6:50
A. M. while the men were going to work. Three
o fthem lost their lives due to inhalation of flame,
the others succeeding in getting outside without
being caught in the after damp.
In mine No. 49 gas blowers in room 10 and
room 11 off third right butt off main south face
were lit about 8:00 P. M. of December 18 by a
pumpman who was the only person in the mine.
He succeeded in putting the fire out with his coat.
At 5:00 o'clock the next morning he lit the gas
in the third face entry and an explosion resulted.
Fortunately the explosion ruptured an overcast
near where the pumper was thrown and the shortcircuiting
of the air prevented the afterdamp
suffocating him.
The explosion in this mine caused considerable
damage at the point of ignition and started a
mine fire in room No. 5 on first left butt. It
was necessary to build 8 stoppings to seal off the
fire area.
Samples of gas were taken in both mines and
the analyses indicated that
NATURAL GAS WAS PRESENT,
as a considerable percentage of ethane was found.
When the well was opened up the gas blowers in
the mine began to diminish and eventually almost
entirely disappeared.
Another mine explosion due to the lighting of
natural gas which had leaked into a mine occurred
at a country mine on the Mary Chalfant
farm, at Peora, Harrison county, West Virginia,
Nov. 22, 1912.
Mr. Ad Lindsey and two boys, aged 6 and 13
years, entered the pit which has only a single
opening, between 6 and 7 P. M. As they were
going in, they met a neighbor coming out with
a wheel-barrow load of coal. It is reported the
neighbor had just fired a shot before he
came out but he did not say antyhing to Lindsey
about it. When Lindsey and the two boys
reached the face, he noticed that the roof was not
in very good shape so he asked one of the boys
to raise the open light so that he could see it
better. As soon as the boy raised the light an
explosion occurred. Lindsey, himself, managed
to get out but the two boys were burned to death.
The neighbors say that tho flame extended 100
feet out from the opening and was 40 feet in
height. A wheel-barrcw was thrown from inside
the pit over 150 feet from the opening. Some
timbers from the mine were also blown 150 feet
from the opening. There was considerable gas
coming from the ground around tha outcrop and
this took fire. Some person, went up to the gas
well about 500 feet from the opening and opened
Ihe valve connected to the casing. The pressure
,vas immediately relieved and the flame died down
at the pit mouth and along the outcrop.
As soon as the explosion occurred, Mrs. Lindsey
ran to the mine and helped her husband out of the
pit mouth at which he, with his clothes afire,
had just arrived; she succeeded in
EXTINGUISHING THE FLAME
from his clothing. Mr. Lindsey was taken to the
hospital by a doctor who happened to be passing
and has been there ever since. His hands and
shoulders were burned most severely but it is probable
he will recover and be able to work.
The explosion started a fire in the mine and it
burned from Friday until Sunday when it was
put out by Mr. Tarleton and some men from the
Consolidation Coal Co.
The casing had, at some previous time, been
pulled out of the well but the tubing was left and
the well remained in use. There was only a small
amount of 6-inch casing left in and this was
capped at the top and the valve closed as was also
the valve on the tube. It is probable that the
casing had been closed for some time and that
the gas had broken into the mine as a result of
firing of the last shot. WTien Mr. Tarleton was
there on Sunday there was still two feet of gas
at the roof. By January 18, the pit mouth had
been partly filled and water had backed into the
mine so that it was impossible to get in very far.
Two samples of gas were taken 10 feet inside the
opening but in the half light no gas cap could be
seen. The well is supposed to be just 515 feet
from the opening and it is reported that the single
entry of the mine has advanced within a few feet
of the well but it is very uncertain just how far
the entry is in. As far as is known no accurate
measurements have been made.

Another case of gas leaking into a country pit
occurred near Reynoldsville, W. Va., on the Parkersburg
branch of the B. & O. railroad. A farmer
had gone into the face of the entry which was
80 feet from the opening and had lit a shot. He
then went outside and waited until the charge was
fired. The shot
CAUSED A VIOLENT EXPLOSION
which blew two of the cars which had been standing
in front of the mine a considerable distance
away. It was found after the explosion that the
mine had large quantities of explosive gas. A
well 1,000 feet from the opening was opened up
but the gas still seemed to leak into the mine.
They then opened a well 1,500 feet distant and
in direct line with the entry and immediately the
gas ceased coming into the mine.
In the proceedings of the West Virginia Coal
Mining Institute for 1911, Mr. Frank Parsons,
district inspector in West Virginia, told of a mine
near Clarksburg, W. Va., probably Reynoldsville
mine, which had had an explosion caused probably
by lighting natural gas that had leaked in
from a gas well. He gave the following as his
reasons why he thought the gas was natural gas:
"The mine was only in 80 feet from the outcrop.
A mine only 80 feet distant nad been opened out
completely and abandoned without ever detecting
gas. Since abandonment of this mine four gas
wells had been drilled in the neighborhood so that
it was probable gas was leaking from one of these
wells.
Leakage of gas from well:
In another mine in Southwest Pennsylvania
there is an abandoned well located in a pillar near
the forks of two entries. Air samples taken two
years age in an air current from this section
showed natural gas which was equivalent to 252
feet natural gas per minute. Analyses made recently
indicate that gas is still being given off
but in decreasing amount.
Unprotected casings:
The preceding instances show that greater precautions
should be taken to properly
SEAL ALL WELLS
from the coal beds and to provide a vent to the
surface for any gas that may collect in the casings.
There is always a possibility of danger from
wells, the casings of which are unprotected from
mechanical damage passing through the workings
of an operating mine. I have heard of no case
where serious accident has resulted in the mines
from such a condition but many such wells are a
constant menace to the safety of the mine on account
of the fact that the exposed condition of the
casing renders them more likely to be injured
than if they were enclosed by a protecting wall or
pillar of some character.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
In the bituminous repoit of the Pennsylvania
Department of Mines for the year 1895, Inspector
James Blick reported an accident at Brier Hill
mine, October 17, 1895, in which three men were
badly burned, one of whom died 12 days later.
The accident was due to the lighting of natural
gas which had leaked into the mine from an oil
well. The gas had escaped from an oil well that
had been drilled through one of the rooms about
two years previous while the pillars were being
drawn. The remaining pillars in the immediate
vicinity were left standing in order to support
the strata and protect the well but by reason of
the fact that part of the coal had been taken out
before that time, the part remaining was not of
sufficient strength to carry the weight of the overlying
strata, the result being about this time a
creep had begun to overrun that part of the mine
and continued subsidence of the strata finallybroke
the casing of the well allowing the gas to
escape. Three men were working only 300 feet
away and the gas was lit by their open lights.
Inspector Blick considered it very fortunate that
the gas was lit so soon and
GAVE WARNING
as a short time later it had spread through a considerable
portion of the mine.
The mine was ventilated by means of a furnace
and the fire was immediately put out so as to prevent
ignition of the gas in the return. There
were 1G0 men in the mine at the time of the accident.
An investigation indicated that pump rods, tubing
and casing of the well were broken near tbe
coal bed. The casing had been bent considerably
out of line before being ruptured. The casing
at the surface was connected to a gas line which
supplied gas for firing some boilers. This same
line was also connected to other wells and the
inspector was uncertain whether the gas which
entered the mine had come up the casing from the
gas sands or had come down the casing from this
pipe line connected to the other wells.
Bending of casing:
In a mine in Western Pennsylvania a casing of
an oil well passed through a working and wher.
the room pillars were pulled, subsidence of the
overlying rocks bent the casing to such a degree
that it was no longer possible to operate the rods
in the well. In cases of this kind it would probably
be impossible to plug the well effectively on
abandonment and it would remain a menace both
to present mining and to the possible future deep
mining.
Casing bent by wrecks:
In another mine near Pittsburgh the casing of
an abandoned well imperfectly plugged is between
the haulage on a parting, and wrecks of trips have

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
hammered it to such an extent that the casing
midway between bottom and roof is 7 inches out
of line. The inside of this casing is plugged
with concrete for 50 to 60 feet below the mine
floor but some gas and salt water comes up on the
OUTSUJE OF THE CASIMO
into the mine. The plugging of the well in this
case is not satisfactory since although little or no
gas rises through the casing the surface gas does
come up outside the casing. The well should
have been plugged below the casing and the casing
sealed with cement.
Protection of exposed casings:
Several methods of protection for casings exposed
in mine workings are in use. One large
eompany has adopted the plan of building a 13inch
wall of brick set in cement mortar around
the well.
Concrete walls have frequently been built around
wells to protect them from injury.
Mr. Rice has suggested that if pillars are to be
withdrawn a pack wall be built of slate around
an interior filling of clay. This wall would partially
support roof and prevent sudden falls of
great weight badly bending or rupturing the
casing.
Danger from drilling operations:
Another class of operations has sometimes been
a source of annoyance and disagreement between
the mining and well drilling companies. This
is the case in which wells have been drilled
through operating mines in such a manner as to
inconvenience the operation of the mining or even
to endanger the safety of the miners and mules.
Probably the most aggravating of such cases
had been where the well has been drilled irrespec
tive of weather there were mine workings beneath
or not.
Mules killed:
I have heard of no case where a human being
has been injured in such cases but two cases have
been mentioned where mules were killed.
One of these occurred in Illinois fifteen or twenty
years ago when a
STRING OF TOOLS
broke into an underground stable and killed a
mule. The other instance occurred more recently
in Pennsylvania in which case the tools broke into
an entry and killed a mule that happened to be
passing that point.
Leakage of gas and oil during drilling:
A well was drilled through Rice mine near
Bergholz, Ohio, some time ago which gave some
trouble. The hole was drilled through a room
and the casing was driven down 10 feet below
the coal. The hole was then drilled to a depth
of 700 feet to the Injun sand when oil and some
gas was struck. The oil and gas came up outside
the casing and although a cement block had been
built in the mine around the casing, entered the
mine through crevices in the bottom.
The mining and drilling operations were both
suspended until changes could be made. A second
string of casing was placea in the well with
rubber packers above the oil producing sand and
60 feet below the mine floor. Liquid cement was
run in between the original casing and the new
one from the packer to the surface. No further
leaks were found in the mine.
Inflow of surface water:
Another possible source of damage which may
result to the mine from drilling operations
through the mine workings is the inflow into the
mine from the drill hole of large amounts of surface
water. Such a case occurred in Ohio by a
well passing through a Zerbe mine. The well
was cased to a point below the coal and a concrete
block had been built around tho casing but
the flow of water could not be stopped. The casing
was pulled out and the hole filled to a point
above the roof with cement. The casing was then
lowered into the liquid cement and the
CEMENT ALLOWED TO SET
inside and outside the casing. Afterwards the
hole was drilled through the cement inside the
casing. This method stopped the inflow of surface
water.
Drilling through abandoned workings:
It has sometimes been difficult for the gas or
oil company and the coal company to agree as to
tbe safety of drilling through abandoned mine
workings.
In the case of the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co. against the Greensboro
Gas Co., the coal company desired that the drilling
of a well through abandoned workings of the Snow
Hill mine be enjoined as such a well would be a
danger to the Snow Hill mine and neighborboring
mines connected to it. As the well passed through
inaccessible workings no protecting barrier could
be built around it, and, consequently, it might
be injured by subsidence or overlying strata or
the casing might be corroded by acid mine water.
A temporary injunction was later dissolved on
the ground that the gas company had a legal right
to drill the well through the coal stratum. The
gas company was instructed, however, to fill the
space between the 10-inch casing and the walls
of the well and the space between the 8-inch and
10-inch casings with liquid cement from the bottom
of each of the casings to tbe surface.
Desirability of agreement:
These instances show the desirability of an
agreement between the well drilling company and
mining company as to the location of wells
through the mine workings and an agreed method

y which such work shall be done so as to safeguard
the mine lrom
INFLOWS OF GAS,
oil or water and to safeguard the wells from damage
due to mining operations.
Fields having many wells:
In some fields the wells are very close together
100 to 400 feet apart and in such cases the mining
development is a very difficult pi cposition.
The photographs of the Canonsburg, Pa., field
and Scio, Ohio, show how close together some of
these wells are. A photograph of a district in
Greene county also shows many wells. Mr. I. C.
White stated at a West Virginia Coal Mining Institute
meeting in 1912, that similar situations
exist in Wetzel county, West Virginia, where some
farms had 200 to 300 wells; about one-fourth of
those had been abandoned without being charted.
Location of wells with relation to projected
mine development:
A plan showing a projected mine development in
West Virginia gives an illustration of the seriousness
of the problem when coal pillars must be
left to protect the well-"-. In this case the projected
underground development work was staked
out on tiie surface and the wells were located so
that 100-ioot pillars surrounding them would not
necessitate curving the entries. It may be advisable
to increase tne size of the pillars to 200
feet so that in that case the entries must be driven
differently from manner shown.
In cases like this last one the situation is aided
somewhat by the willingness of the drilling companies
to so locate their wells as to inconvenience
the coal development work as little as possible.
Most of the large coal and gas and oil companies
in Pennsylvania and West Virginia have been
willing to co-operate in this manner so that the
development of either would inconvenience the
other as little as possible.
When a gas or oil company desired to drill a
well in a certain place they furnish the coal company
with the location to determine whether there
is any objection on the part of the mining company
to it. Where wells would interfere with
projected development work or would be difficult,
changes in location are made to meet these objections.
Orders have just been placed by the Pennsylvania
Railroad Co. for 1,500 gondola cars and 1.500
coke cars, in lots of 500. The coal car ordei-3
were awarded to the Pressed Steel Car Co., American
Car & Foundry Co. and the Ralston Steel Car
Co. Of the 1,500 coke cars, the contracts were
awarded as follows: American Car & Foundry
ibc 200; Standard Steel Car Co., 600; Cambria
Steel Co., 700.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
)•) INDUSTRIAL NOTES t«
Leschen's Hercules fcr February, published by
A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co., St. Louis, has for its
principal article a desctiption of the new Kansas
City Union station, in the construction of which
Leschen's Hercules ropes were used exclusively.
It also contains special articles relative to coal
mines, coal strippings, forges and lumber operations
where the product of the company has been
in constant use.
"Mine and Quarry" for January is one of the
best numbers of publication of the Sullivan Machinery
Co., Chicago. Among some of the interesting
articles are those on the "Blue Bell Mine.
Kootenay," "Increase in Machine Mining of Coal."
"A New 'Duplex' Channeler for Oolitic Limestone,"
•'The Sullivan Water Rock Drill," and others.
Bulletin No. 58-0, of the Sullivan Machinery Co.
Chicago, is descriptive of Sullivan Portable Drilling
Rigs; Air Compressors, Class "WK-3"; Hammer
Drills, Classes "DB-15" and "DB-19," and
shows conclusively the worth of these tools in
rock work too scattered and too small to warrant
a fixed compressor and drill plant.
"Peat Deposits" is the subject of Bulletin 16,
fourth series, Geological Survey of Ohio, which
has just been issued. It was prepared by Dr.
Alfred Dachnowski, and tells of the origin, extent,
formation and uses of the peat found in the
state.
|* RETAIL TRADE NOTES |»
The drivers employed by the retail dealers of
Pawtueket, R. I., have made a demand for an increase
in wages. The men want $13 a week for
drivers of one-horse wagons, $14 a week for double
teams, $15 a week for three-horse teams and $18
a week for chauffeurs.
The annual convention of the Retail Coal Dealers'
Association of the New England States will
be held at Boston March 5 and 6. The meeting
will be held at Horticultural hall, and exhibits of
coal handling machinery and dealers' supplies will
be more elaborate than ever.
The annual meeting of the Michigan-Indiana-
Ohio Coal Dealers' Association will be held at
Cedar Point, O., in June.
Alexander Patterson, of Colorado Springs, Col.,
has opened up a ne.v vein of lignite near that
place, the coal being reached at a depth of 371
feet.. . .

40 llili COAL; TRADE BULLETIN.
PENNSYLVANIA PRODUCTION BY
COMPANIES FOR 1912.
TEN! II ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Susquehanna Coal Co 1,489,696
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Co 1,142,196
West End Coal Co.' ; 533,561
Lehigh & Wilkes-Baire Coal Co 510.S35
Aiden Coal Co 266,747
E. S. Stackhouse Ccal Co S2,539
Total 4,325,573
TWELFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
JOSEPH J. WALSH, Inspector.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 2,466,614
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 328,439
Total 2,795,053
FOURTEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
P. C. FENTON, Inspector.
Lehigh Valley Coa! Co 1,504,948
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 1,015,552
Midvalley Coal Co 317,177
Girard Mammoth Coal Co 11,766
XX. R. McTurk Coal Co 118.659
Haiieigh Brookwcod Coal Co 10,871
Beaver Valley Coal Co 4.533
Dreshman Coal Co 686
Total 3,084,192
TWENTIETH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
JAMES A. O'DONNELL, Inspector.
Philadelphia & Reading Ccal & Iron Co. 1,249,027
Summit Branch Mining Co 843,142
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 237,274
Total 2,330,142
TWENTY-FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
CHARLES J. PRICE, Inspector.
Jefferson & Clearfield Coal & Iron Co 1,965,146
Pittsburgh Gas Coal Co 1,776,410
Cowanshannock Coal & Coke Co 952,027
Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co. 938.856
Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal & Coke Co. 913,786
Anita Moal Mining Co 384,633
Seneca Coal Mining Co 220,945
Graceton Coke Co 170,372
Wharton Coal & Coke Co 150,996
S-. A. Rinn Coal Co 110.795
Townsend Coal Co 79,784
Bells Mill Coal Co 46,463
Robert Smith Ccal Co 40,741
Miscellaneous companies 36,274
Total 7,787,228
THOMAS S. LOWTHER, Inspector.
ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS FOR JANUARY.
The shipments of anthracite ccal by companies
lor January weie:
January. 1913. 1912. .
Philadelphia & Reading 1,257,132 1,186,531
Lehigh Valley 1,175,151 1,020,447
Central cf New Jersey 813,367 760,035
Del., Lackawanna & West. 922,099 791,693
Delaware & Hudson 653,177 567,273
Pennsylvania 576,552 542,813
Erie 717,235 682,845
Ontario & Western 221,706 212,039
Total 6,336,419 5,763,693
The shipments of ccal, by months, for the last
two years, have been as follows, in tons:
Month. 1913. 1912.
January 6,336,419 5,763 696
February 5,S75,9C8
March 6,569,687
April 266,625
May 1,429,357
Juno 6,191,646
July 6,285,153
August 6,576.591
September 5,876,496
October 6,665,321
November 6,165,536
December 5,944,106
Total 63,610,578
A course of five lectures on the "Scientific Aspects
cf Oil and Gas Production" will be given at
304 State Hall, University of Pittsburgh, corner
Grant Boulevard and Parkman street, Wednesdays
at 8 P. M., beginning Feb. 26. A half hour
to an hour will be devoted to open discussion at
tbe end of each lecture. These lectures are intended
for men engaged in the oil business, and
who are familiar with its practical aspects. Ths
lectures will try to show what can be done in foreseeing
the results of development and what are
tbe necessary limitations of such fore-knowledge
No course of only five lectures can train a man
for any kind of work, but it is believed that it
will be possible to correct many misconceptions
and prevent some costly missteps.
Exports of coal from the port of Baltimore, Md.,
for the month of January were 83,125 tons, going
to 12 foreign countries.

ERIE CHANGES COAL POLICY AND CAPTAIN
MAY NOW HEADS ALL ITS COMPANIES.
It was announced at Scranton, Pa., Feb. 3 that
following a meeting of the directois held in New
York, the Erie Railroad Co. has divorced al! relations
with tne coal holdings of the company.
Henceforth they will be operated as two separate
corporations. The headquarters of the coal
department, now located in New York, will be
removed to Dunmore, a suburb of Scranton, where
the offices of the Pennsylvania Coal Co. are located.
Mr. F. D. Underwood, president of the Erie,
retires as president of all the coal companies tha;
are subsidiary to the Eiie.
Capt. W. A.. May, vice president of the different
companies, who has long been in charge of the
Erie ccal interests in the field, having started in
as superintendent of the Hillside Coal & hen Co.
in the '70s, has been made president of all the
companies, to-wit: the Pennsylvania Coal Co., the
Hillside Coal & Iron Co., the New York, Susquehanna
& Western Ccal Co., the Blossburg Coal
Co., and the Northwest Mining & Exchange Co.
Part of the work heretofore dene in tho New
York offices has been transferred to Dunmore
and placed directly in his charge, the large stone
home of the Pennsylvania Coal Co. being increased
in size to accommodate something like 50
additional clerks who will be there located.
SURPLUS CARS SHOW INCREASE.
The statement of car surpluses and shortages
issued by the American Railway Association for
the two-weeks period ending Jan. 15 shows a net
gain in all kinds of cars amounting to 11,381, but
the figure; on ccal cars show a decrease in the
net surplus as compared with Dec. 31 of 3,445.
The net increase in cars of all sorts comes most
largely from the increased surpluses and decreased
shortages in box cars, which are respectively 2,571
and 8.S10, making the net increase of 11,381. The
surplus increased in every class except coal cars,
and box cars increased in every district reported.
The decrease in the coal car surplus is noted in
the eastern, southern, middle western and northwestern
states generally.
Comparative figures follow:
„-,.... Surplus. Shortage Net Surplus.
January 15, 1913.. 53,230 24,791 28,439
December 31, 1912. 50,659 33,601 17,058
December 14, 1912. 26,614 61.006 *34,392
November 30, 1912. 26,135 62,536 *36,401
November 21, 1912. 22,363 73,475 *51,112
November 7, 1912..'19,897 71,156 *51,259
*Net Shortage.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
WELSH COAL COMBINE TO PURCHASE 200,000
ACRES OF WEST VIRGINIA AND KEN­
TUCKY COAL LANDS.
The Cambrian Collieries, Ltd., of Great Eritain,
will purchase 200,000 acres ot coal lands in West
Virginia and Kentucky, according to announcement
made in Pittsburgh, Feb. S.
This deal is the outcome of the visit to the
United States of Mr. D. A. Thomas, head of the
Cambrian Collieries. Air. T. J. Callaghan, managing
director of the company,-and Mr. W. A. Mc
Knight, manager of Gueret, Gait & Co., Ltd., of
London, distributing agents of the Cambrian Collieries.
The party ariived in New York, Ian. 17,
as already noted in these columns and were met
by I'nited States Senator Clarence Watson of West
Virginia and chairman of the Consolidation Coal
Co., who escorted them over the properties of his
company from whence they went to other fields
and inspected properties in both West Virginia
and Kentucky.
It was while they were in this city thsy announced,
thrcugh Mr. James T. Manning, agent for
the properties, that the Cambrian Collieries would
purchase 175,000 acres of coal land in the Gauley
river district of West Virginia, and 52.000 acres
in Bell, Whiting and Knox counties, Ky.
The lands in Kentucky are owned by the Louisville
& Nashville railroad, while the West Virginia
properties are held hy the Lee Higginson
Co. The Cambrian Collieries will use the coal for
export trade to supply its contracts with South
American governments, railroads and private
firms and to Mediterranean and Australian firms.
It is said the properties, wdien developed, will
export coal fiom Hampton Roads ports and probably
from Gulf pcrts. Preliminary figures say
:UO,000.000 are involved in the deal.
Alleging that the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. discriminated
against them in the distribution of
coal cars to their mine in the Clearfield district,
James H. Minds and Julia A. Matz. trading as th-i
Bulah Ccal Co., Feb. 10, riled suits in the United
States district court at Philadelphia to recover
$50,306, with interest.
The Interstate Commerce Commission has ordered
the anthracite carrying railroads in Pennsylvania,
New York, New Jersey and Delaware to fij-j
with the commission by Feb. 15 all agreements
showing divisions of rates in effect Jan. 1, 1912,
with coal companies.
Questions of importance to the miners' union
are to be considered Feb. 18 at Wilkes-Barre, Pa.,
when members of the three anthracite district
•boards will 'meet The call was issued Feb. 12.
President White is to attend.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WESTMORELAND COUNTY COAL
VALUATION FIXED BY COMMISSIONERS.
The commissioners of Westmoreland county, Pa.,
by a divided vote, haxe fixed the valuation of the
coal properties in the county for taxable purposes
for the next three years. In adjusting the coal
property values Commissioner William G. Muse
voted against the adjustment.
Commissioner George Brechbill presided at tho
executive meeting of the commissioners at which
the valuations were fixed for the ti iennial period
of 1913-1914-1915 as follows:
Connellsville field proper $900
Connellsville field between Marguerite and
Latu.be 800
North of Latrobe, including Monastery works 600
Greensburg field 600
Irwin field, north of Youghiogheny river.... 45'J
Rostraver field, south of Youghiogheny river. 600
Ligonier field 600
Loyalhanna field 400
Freeport vein, according to location, not to
exceed 60
For the preceding three years the valuations
weie: Connellsville field proper $900 per acre.
The following plants of the H. C. Frick Coke
Co.: Baggaley, Chambers. Dorothy. Hostetter-Whitney,
Marguerite-Oliver, and Monastery
$700
Monastery $700
Latrobe Coal Co 700
Mt. Pleasant Coke Co 700
Unity-Connellsville Coke Co 700
Whyle Coke Co 700
Greensburg Basin 600
Latrobe-Derry Basin 500
Irwin, Rostraver and Ligonier and Ligonier
Basins 400
CLASSES QUALIFY FOR RESCUE
WORK IN PENNSYLVANIA MINES.
Mine Rescue Car No. 6 spent some time recently
at Gallitzin, Pa., and about 80 men took a course
in rescue work and were granted certificates.
The following employes of the Pennsylvania
Coal & Coke Corporation took the government
training: General Superintendent John M. Jones,
Joseph Higgins. Herbert C. Davis, George H. Higgins,
John Bradley, Emil Nordstrom, Joseph
Sprook, Joseph Kinyuie, George Belle, James Fulton,
Hjalmar Nordstrom, Frank Nicholson, Charles
Coanshock, Feiix Snnif^lt, John Pitcha and Paul
Ferguson, John Palman, Stanley Greecs, John
Ashcroft, Michael Ishmat, Emory Gargon and Andrew
Locus.
Those who are employed by the Taylor & Mc­
Coy Coal & Coke Co. who took the training were:
Superintendent F. D. McNeelis, General Foreman
R. M. Walker, George Meintel. Bert Huey, Joseph
Yingling, James Wilson, Ray Sanker, Ray Glancy,
Edward Glancy, Harry Goldy, George Buck, Albert
Wahl, John Clossin, William Petchuch. Richard
Stephens, Raymond Nagle, William Naglc, Otto
Napiersky, A. J. McGeary, John Kluka, Henry
Fisher, Electrical Engineer George J. Leonard,
and Edward Litzinger.
Those in the employ of the Tuunel Coaling Co.
who completed the course are: Superintendent
M. J. Bracken, General Foreman William Lawn,
James Lawn, Earl Myers, William Watts, Charles
Plowman, Stanley Wihm, Angelo Tosi, William
O'Biien, Earl Buck, William Ruffley, Thomas J.
McLaughlin, John Cheslock, George Slusser, John
Myers, Francis McLaughlin, Raymond Lenz, Harry
Moore, Thomas Knee, Thomas Wasn, John Crawford,
Charles McGraff, Clarence Settlemyer, Albert
Myers and Riley Fitzsimmons.
At the annual meeting of the Red Ash Coal Co.
stockholders held at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Feb. 3,
Woodward Leavenworth, John N. Conyngham,
William H. Conyngham. G. Frederick Parrish and
Edgar R. Reets were elected directors. The officers
elected are: Woodward Leavenworth, president;
G. Frederick Parrish, vice president and
treasurer; AValter Roberts, secretary.
G. L. Drttry, J. A. Watkins, C. E. Sullivan, J. C
Haney, of Union county, Ky., have purchased the
West Aberdeen Coal Co.'s property at Morgantown,
Ky., and are now repairing the mines to be put
into operation.
The New Yc.dv offices of the Pennsylvania Coal
Co., Hillside Coal & Iron Co. and New York, Susquehanna
& Western Coal Co., have been removed
from 50 Church street, to the seventh floor of No.
11 Broadway.
The Penn Central Electric Light & Power Co.
of Altoona. Pa., has received a contract from the
Rich Hill Coal Co. to furnish current to operate
that company's mine at St. Benedict, Cambria
county, Pa.
Members of the Keystone Mining Institute will
hold their fourth annual banquet at Greensburg,
Pa., this evening, at 6:30 o'clock. About 200
people are expecred to attend.
The Standard Fuel & Supply Co., formerly the
Harmony Coal Co., has optioned 400 acres of coal
adjacent to its present holdings at Harmony, Butler
county, Pa.
The Hitchman Ccal Cc, Moundsville. W. Va., has
let a contract to Riggs Bros, for the erection of a
new tipple at the Glendale, W. Va., mine of the
company. ...

A first aid meet is oeing arranged to include
teams from the Tunnel Coaling Co. of Gallitzin.
Pa.; the Greenwich Coal & Cokt Co. mines at
Shanktown, Starford, Lovejoy and Saxmann, Pa.;
the Cardiff Coal Co. mines at Nant-y-Glo and Nettletown,
Pa.; the Logan Coal Co. of Dunlo, Pa.;
the Argyle Coal & Coke Co. of South Fork, Pa.,
and teams from the mining operations at Seward
and Vintondale, Pa. The date of the meet has
not yet been decided upon, but it will likely be
held at either Johnstown or Gallitzin. General
Manager M. J. Bracken of the Tunnel Coaling Co.
at Gallitzin is interested in the matter.
John Bailey employed in the Francis mine at
Burgettstown, Pa., was arrested at that place recently
by Detective James H. Milsted, on a charge
of violating the mining laws. The charge was
perferred by C. P. McGregor, state mine inspector.
Bailey was accused of having passed a danger signal
with a lighted lamp and when taken to Washington
and taken before Justice of the Peace Car-
• michael, before whom the information was made,
pleaded guilty to the charge.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
is in addition to the 5 per cent, increase granted
last October, and it brings the wages of all the
men in and around the mines up to 60 per cent.
above the standard rate of 1888.
The quarterly report of Secretary-Treasurer
Charles A. Sullivan of sub-district No. 7, Illinois
Mine Workers, shows total receipts during the
quarter ending Dec. 31, 1912, of $12,186.81; total
expenditures of $11,404.07, leaving a balance of
$842.68. The total assets of the sub-district are
$10,933.92.
The St. Bernard Mining Co., Earlington, Ky.,
will send a team of five men to take part in the
contest of mine rescue work in Lexington, Ky., in
May. The medical department of this company
D. R. Blower of Scottdale, Pa., mine inspector will of train the men in first aid work.
the Eleventh Bituminous district, has petitioned
the Fayette county court to remove R. C. Cramer,
who is employed as fire boss at Hecla mine No. 1,
of the H. C. Frick Coke Co., on the charge of
neglect of duty. Blower in his petition charges
that Cramer failed to examine a gob at the Hecla
The call for the annual convention of the United
Mine Workers of the Pittsburgh district has been
issued by President Van Bittner and the district
executive board. It will meet in the Union
Labor Temple, Pittsburgh, Feb. 18.
mine on January 13, 1912. He also alleges that Henry Heyplech and Andrew Savage, Carnegie,
Cramer failed to report lo the mine foreman or Pa., miners, have been held for court at Pitts­
his assistant that there was a large amount of gas burgh on a charge of violating the mining laws
in the gob. He is also charged with having made by being 5,000 feet beyond the place where they
a report on his books that he examined the mine, had been instructed to work.
when he in fact had failed to do so.
Mines in East Tennessee are complaining of a
dearth of miners, due to the men having left the
field about the holidays because of car shortage.
The car supply now is plentiful but men are not.
John Tuttle has resigned from the district executive
board of the Illinois Mine Workers from the
Ninth sub-district, ancl George McArtor, of Herrin,
has been named as his successor.
The 40 men employed by the Brush Run Coal &
Coke Co., who were on strike, have returned to
Accepting the advice of their leaders, the 7,000 work, the company having discharged the toss to
union workers of eight collieries of the Lacka­ whom the men objected.
wanna Coal Co. near Scranton, Pa., who quit work The annual convention of District No. 12, U.
Feb. 1, resumed work Feb. 3. It was shown to M. AV., will convene at Peoria. 111., Feb. 18.
the strikers by the union officials that nearly all
the engineers ha ye joined the organization and
that the others have agreed to become members.
The Birmingham, Ala., breaker of the Order Ko­
Koal has elected the following officers: E. A.
Twenty-five thousand miners and mine helpers Holmes, modoc: J. W. Porter, baron; Asa L. Hoyt,
in Alabama were granted wage increases Feb. 1 baronet; M. A. Myatt, baronet; R. T. Daniel, pic­
of from 10 to 20 per cent., which made their pay tor; J. W. Whatley, mazuma; James Bonnyman,
higher than it was in 1907, when the maximum gazook; B. L. Ridley, pit boss; S. L. Yerkes,
wage scale prevailed. The increase wage an­ acolyte; J. E. Hawkins, swatta, and O. M. Price,
nouncement was headed by the Tennessee Coal & spctta.
Iron Co. and the action was voluntary.
Traesury agents have taken possession of the
Coal miners in the Federated Area of England Western Fuel Co., at San Francisco, on charges
and Wales have been given a further increase in of having defrauded the government of $1,000,000
wages of 5 per cent., effective in January. This by a drawback tax and by frauds in weighing.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD
PROMULGATES NEW CAR RULES.
The Illinois Central Railroad has issued the foi
lowing rules governing the rating of coal mines
and distribution of coal cars during the periods
of coal car shortage, effective January 5, 1913:
1. Mine ratings shall be arrived at by taking
the total tonnage produced and shipped by the
mine during the month, dividing it by the number
of hours the mine has worked in producing it,
and multiplying the quotient by the number of
hours in the recognized working day, thus determining
the daily rating of the mines. In determining
the number of hours worked in each day
the time shall be counted from the time when the
mine begins to hoist coal until the hoisting of coal
finally ceases for that day, making deduction for
the noon intermission. A rating so determined
shall be revised monthly during the car shortage
period. The rating had by a mine during the
last month of the car shortage period will be its
rating for the first month of the next car shortage
period.
2. Each mine shall be furnished the percentage
of the available car supply based upon its
rating as above determined, except that a junction
mine served by one carrier other than the Illinois
Central shall be rated at seventy-five per cent.
of its daily capacity, and a junction mine served
by two carriers other than the Illinois Central
shall be rated at fifty per cent, of its daily capacity,
such daily capacity being ascertained as provided
in Rule 1. On days, however, when a junction
mine served by one carrier other than the Illinois
Centra! orders and receives no cars from the
other carrier, its rating for that day shall be its
full capacity, or one and one-third times its rating.
On days when a junction mine, served by
two carriers other than the Illinois Central, orders
and receives cars from only one such other
carrier, its rating for that day shall be seventyfive
per cent, of its capacity, or one and one-half
times its rating. On days when a junction mine,
served by two carriers other than the Illinois
Central orders and receives no cars from such
carriers, its rating for that day shall be its full
capacity or two times its rating. Junction point
mines will advise the agent of the Illinois Central
Railroad not later than 4:00 p. m. each day when
it is not their intention to order and receive cars
from one or more carriers other than the Illinois
Central on the following day.
3. Mines having a river outlet will be treated
on the same basis as junction mines. A river
mine, served by no rail carrier other than the
Illinois Central will be rated at seventy-five per
cent of its daily capacity, and a river mine, served
by one rail carrier other than the Illinois Central,
will be rated at fifty per cent, of its daily capacity,
such daily capacities being ascertained as provided
in Rule 1. On days, however, when a river
mine, served by no rail carrier other than the
Illinois Central, ships no coal via the river, its
rating for that day shall be its full capacity or
one and one-third times its rating. On days
when a river mine, served by one rail carrier
other than the Illinois Central, shall ship no coal
via the river, its rating for that day shall be
seventy-five per cent, of its capacity or one and
one-half times its rating. On days when a river
mine, served by one rail carrier other than the
Illinois Central, shall neither ship coal via the
river nor order and receive cars from such other
rail carrier, its rating shall be its full capacity
or two times its rating. Mines having a river
outlet will advise the agent of the Illinois Central
Railroad not later than 4:00 p. m. each day, when
it is not their intention to ship via river, or order
and receive cars from such other rail carriers on
the following day.
4. Illinois Centra] cars, private cars, all foreign
cars, foreign railway fuel cars used for company
fuel supply (except cars placed at mines
where this company takes the entire output for
company fuel purposes), placed for loading at
mines, will be taken into consideration and charged
against the percentage of cars to which each mine
is entitled.
5. Cars will not be furnished to make up shortage
of production due to mine failures.
6. When a mine works until the usual closing
time on any particular day and leaves over cars
furnished by this company, either empty or loaded
and not billed, the mine will be charged with
having received from this company' 100 per cent.
of a car supply for that day. If the mine does
not work until the usual closing time on any particular
day, cars left over empty or loaded and
not billed will be counted against the distributive
shares of the mines for the following day or days.
In computing the number of cars left over, cars
partly loaded will not be counted.
7. Operators will furnish the division superintendents
of the Illinois Central Railroad, having
jurisdiction, with a daily statement in writing of
the hours worked and tonnage shipped.
8. A record of the ratings of mines and of car
distribution for all mines will be kept in the office
of the division superintendent, having jurisdiction,
which will be open to inspection of authorized
representatives of mine operators. Similar record
will be kept in the office of superintendent of transportation,
Chicago, 111., which will also be open to
inspection of authorized representatives of the
mine operators.

Governor Deneen of Illinois has appointed Mr.
James Forrester of DuQuoin a member of the
State Mining Investigation Commission to succeed
Mr. Thomas F. Holmes, who failed to qualify.
Mr. Andy Beveridge, connected with the Western
Coa) Mining Co. at Fort Smith, Ark., for 30
years or more, has resigned his superintendency
of the company's plant at Jenny Lind.
Mr. Julius Ehrlich, aged about 65, of Seeleyville,
lnd., one of the pioneer coal operators of the block
coal field, died recently in Texas, where he had
gone for his health. He had been sick for two
years with rheumatism. He leaves a widow and
four children. Mr. Ehrlich was one of the most
extensive coal operators in the block and bituminous
field, but sold his holdings to the Vandalia
Coal Co. and for several years has been retired.
Mr. James N. Conquest, aged 60, a resident of
Nashville, Tenn., and president of the Conquest
Coal Co.. died at his home recently.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 46
(• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS •
Mr. George Osier, who was formerly manager The financial statement of the Central Coal &
of the mines of the Monongahela River Coal & Coke Co. of Kansas City, Mo., has appeared.
Coke Co., will be the general manager in charge Gross income for 1912 shows a better proportion
of the Charleroi and Panhandle mines of the Car­ than for the nineteen months ended January 1.
negie Coal Co. Mr. Osier visited Charleroi re­ 1912, being $1,265,279 to $1,581,164 for the earlier
cently looking over the work that has been done period. Expense, interest and depreciation have
so far to put the Charleroi mine in shape for decreased from $1.0S0,577 for the nieteen months
opening. Mr. Osier has his headquarters in the before 1912 to $653,770 for i912. Net earnings
main office of the company, Park building, Pitts­ for 1912 are $631,508, against $494,587 for precedburgh.ing
nineteen months. The payments of 5 per cent.
dividends upon the $1,875,000 of preferred stock
Mr. Robert Morris, of Greensburg, Pa., for many
and of 6 per cent, upon the $5,125,000 of common
years chief engineer of the Keystone Coal & Coke
stock left a balance of $230,259, compared with
Co.. is a candidate for appointment as a mining
the balance of $93,337 for the previous nineteen
engineer member of the Bituminous Mine Inspect­
months. Out of assets of $13,014,267, quick assets
ors' Examining Board. He is especially fitted for
are $2,431,730. Current liabilities are $2,125,132.
the appointment because of his ability and wide
leaving a working capital of $306,598.
experience.
In a review of coal mining and production re­
Mr. A. J. Stewart, Bluefield, W. Va., has resigned
cently issued by the Government of India Consul
from the Car Allotment Commission, with which
Edward J. Norton, of Bombay, notes that the use
he has been connected for several years past, and
of electricity on the coal fields is extending—
Feb. 1 became connected in an official capacity
though capable of further utilization, particularly
with the Keystone Coal & Coke Co., operating at
for the haulage and pumping—and that the em­
Keystone, W. Va.
ployment of mechanical coal-cutting appliances
Mr. Will R. Crowthers of Pittsburgh is con­ will be necessary when the seams are narrow and
nected with the sales department of B. Nicoll & remote from the surface. Indiana is now pro­
Co., at Pittsburgh. Mr. Crowthers was for years ducing annually over 12,000,000 tons of coal.
at the head of the sales organization of the Char­ Lists of tho collieries may be copied by American
leroi Coal Co. and until recently, with the More- firms from Indian directories on file at the Bureau
land Coke Co.
of Foreign and Domestic Commerce in Washington.
The third annual banquet of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. mine office clerks was held in the Monongahela
House, Pittsburgh, reecntly. H. M. Minker
was toastmaster. Several officials of the company
delivered short addresses and a number of
the clerks responded. Frank Armour, assistant
to John Britt, chief of mine clerks, spoke on
"What I Used to Do, but Will Not Say I Do Not
Do It Now." Dancing followed the banquet.
There is some doubt as to whether the Mine
Code Commission, appointed by Gov. John K.
Tener of Pennsylvania to revise and codify the
anthracite mine laws, will be able to make a report
to the present session of the legislature, in
view of the way the hearings at Wilkes-Barre
have been dragging and the dissension which has
arisen between operators and miners as to the
changes that should be recommended.
The Mahoning coke plant of the Cambria Steel
Co. in Dunbar, Pa., has been sold to J. M. Grey
and K. K. Kramer of Connellsville, Pa., and the
82 ovens will be fired within two weeks. Grey,

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Kramer, J. R. Paull and George Paull of Pitts­ The Manufacturers Association of York, Pa., has
burgh have formed the Mahoning Coal & Coke Co. made complaint that the rate on bituminous coal
for the development of 12 acres of Connellsville from the Clearfield region to that point is dis­
coal and 175 acres of Sewickley coal owned by the criminatory, in view of the fact that the charge is
two last named.
$1.30 a gross ton to Harrisburg, and $1.50 to York
—or an increase of 20 cents a ton for a 28-mile-
Failure of the Dixie Coal Co. officials to make
straight-line haul. The haul to Baltimore—85
certain alterations in the equipment of mine No.
miles south of Harrisburg—is but $1.60 a ton.
6 at Breeze Hill, Kan., ordered by State Mine Inspector
Leon Besson, caused Besson to close the Feb. 3, the Northwestern Fuel Co., St. Paul,
mine. Besson declares the mine, the largest in Minn., filed an amendment to its articles of in­
the district and employing 300 men, will not be corporation at Madison, Wis., increasing the capi­
reopened till the changes are made. He declares tal stock from $3,000,000 to $5,000,000. This ad­
the repairs necessary to the safety of the miners. dition, according to W. H. Simpson, manager, will
give the company funds to improve its property
The United States government has filed with the
in the vicinity of Superior, Wis., to permit the
Supreme Court of the United States notice of
storage of 385,000 additional tons cf coal.
opposition to the plea of the anthracite roads for
modification cf the decree holding the so-called A total of 237,175 tons of coal, cargo and bun­
65 per cent, contracts illegal. Only one conker, were exported from the port of Norfolk, Va.,
tract—that between the Pennsylvania Coal Co. during the month of January, according to the un­
and the Elk Hill Coal & Iron Co.—is the governofficial figures at the local custom house. Of the
ment willing to have excepted.
total, 178,941 tons were cargo and 58,234 tons
bunker coal.
B. Nicoll & Co.. of New York, have shipped 6,-
700 tons of coal to Valencia, Spain. Another ship­ The Central Iron Co. at Holt, Ala., has broken
ment of 6,000 tons will follow some time this ground for 20 more ovens, which will increase its
month. The coal was the first shipment from new by-product plant's capacity 50 per cent. The
mines of the Pittsburgh Terminal Railroad & Coal company recently completed a blast furnace at a
Co. on the West Side Belt railroad. The coal cost of $325,000 and has a pipe works there.
went to tide under the new rate established by the
Western Maryland railway.
At a meeting of the stockholders of the Sunnyside
Coal Co. at Johnstown, Pa., the old directors
The following directors have been named by the were re-elected, as follows: Howard E. Miller,
Healy Coal Co., of Plains, Pa.: George N. Camp­ George B. Glenn, Charles S. Ling, W. J. Watkins,
bell, M. J. Colligan, John Downing, D. J. Camp­ and C. R. Trent.
bell, Philip Reilly, M. J. Healey, John Colligan
and A. J. McHugh. The officers chosen are:
President, M. J. Healey; vice president, Philip
Reilly; secretary, John Colligan; treasurer, George
N. Campbell.
W. H. Hyde, of Pittsburgh, is constructing a
new coaling plant for the B. & O. railroad at Independence,
W. Va.
The Alabama & New Orleans Transportation Co.
has announced it will begin operating its barge
line from New Orleans to points on the Alabama
and Tombigbee rivers about March 1. The company
will use self-propelling barges that will be
250 feet in length with a capacity of 1,000 tons
each.
The new steel coal tipple of the Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad Co. at South Cumberland, Md., has
been completed. One of the largest engines can
be coaled in 52 seconds.
| COAL TRADE CASUALTIES |
The plant of the Pennsylvania Coal & Coke
Corporation at No. 41 mine, Arcadia, Pa., was destroyed
by fire Feb. 2, entailing a financial loss of
about $25,000 and throwing 120 men out of employment.
Careless use of waste is given as the cause of
The Supreme Court of Indiana has handed down
the five that destroyed the tipple of the Hall Coal
a decision of importance to the Indiana coal fields,
Co., Campbell, O., recently, involving a loss of
holding that coal in the ground and sold can be
several thousand dollars.
taxed if a mine has not been opened. The decision
was in the case of the county taxing officials Three boats belonging to the Pittsburgh Coal
of Greene county against the Lattas Creek Coal Co. Co. were sunk at Hopefield, Tenn., by a storm
Feb. 8, entailing a loss of $4,000.
Fire in the Colton coal mine at Stockett, Mont.,
caused a loss of $100,000. The plant is owned by
the Great Northern road.

PROPOSED NEW POLICE LAW NOW
BEFORE WEST VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE.
The following is the text of the Wertz bill before
the West Virginia legislature, amending the mine
guard law of that state:
A bill, providing additional remedies to preserve
the peace, by prohibiting The employment of
private guards, and authorizing the appointment
by the Governor of special police, prescribing the
method of their appointment, their duties, their
removal and their liabilities; and by forbidding
carrying firearms and other dangerous weapons
on certain properties, and perscribing penalties
for any violation thereof.
Be it enacted by the legislature of West Virginia:
Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person,
firm, company or corporation, except as in this
section hereinafter provided, to engage or employ,
or retain in employment, any armed person
to do or perform police or patrol duty of any
sort in this state. Provided, this act shall not
apply to, or prevent any public officer of the state
who, is by law a police officer, from performing
the duties of his office, but it shall be unlawful
for such public officer to accept employment and
it shall be unlawful for any person, firm, company
or corporation to employ such public officer to
perform police duties. Provided, further, that
any person, firm, company, corporation owning
property in this state shall apply to the Governor
to appoint a, citizen or citizens of this state, of
good moral character, and who has resided in the
state twelve months next preceding his appointment,
to act as special police for such person, firm,
company or corporation, and the Governor shall
upon such application appoint and commission
such person or persons or so many of them as he
may deem proper as such police officers. Every
officer so appointed shall appear before some person
authorized to administer oath and take and
subscribe to the oath subscribed in the fifth section
of the fourth article of the constitution and shall
file such oath with the county court, or other tribunal
established in lieu thereof, of the county
in which ho resides and in the office of the Secretary
of State. He shall also file a certificate copy
of such oath in the office of the clerk of the county
court, or such other tribunal established in lieu
thereof, of any county in which by virtue of his
employment, he will engage in such police or patrol
duty. The Governor shall prescribe a suitable
badge, or uniform, and such badge shall be
worn by such police officer when en duty, and no
such officer shall enter upon the duties until he
has secured at his expense, or that of his employer,
the badge prescribed. The badge or uniform
so prescribed shall be alike throughout the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
state, and each officer shall, as soon as practicable,
after his appointment, procure at his expense or
that of his employer, the uniform prescribed;
provided that when any officer shall be engaged
in any investigation in which the wearing of the
uniform would interfere with his duties. He
may wear citizen's clothing. Before he shall be
authorized to perform any duties by reason of
his appointment he shall enter into and acknowledge
bond in the penalty of $5,000 before the clerk
of the county court of the county in which he
resides, with security approved by such clerk,
conditioned for the faithful performance of the
duties of such officers, and such officers and the
sureties upon said bond shall be liable to any person
injured or damaged by any unlawful act of
such officer. Every po'.ice officer appointed under
the provisions of this act shall be a conservator
of the peace within the county in which he shall
perform police duty, and in addition thereof he
shall possess and may exercise all the power and
authority and shall be entitled to all the rights
and privileges and immunities within such counties
as are now, or may hereafter he vested in a
regularly elected constable, including the right
without further application or bond, to carry
deadly weapons for which a license is required
under chapter 51 of the Acts of 1909, and he shall
have the right when deemed by him necessary in
the discharge of his duties to summon to his
assistance any bystanders or other person summoned
to assist such officer or fail to do accordingly.
Any appointment made by the Governor
under the provisions of this act may be summarily
revoked by him whenever in his opinion good
cause has been shown theiefor. And such police
officer may be removed from office for official misconduct,
incompetence, habitual drunkenness,
neglect of duty, gross immorality, or abuse of
power in the same manner In which regularly
elected or appointed constables may be removed
from office. Notice of such revocation or removal
shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of
State, and in the office of the clerk of the county
court, or other tribunal established in lieu thereof
of the county in which said special police officer is
employed. After such revocation, or removal and
notice thereof is filed as aforesaid, the powers of
such police officer, notice to that effect shall he
filed in the office of tbe Secretary of State, and in
the several offices in which the oath or certified
copy thereof is filed, and thereupon the appointment
and powers of such police officer shall cease.
The person, firm, company or corporation at whose
instance the appointment is made, shall pay the
compensation for the services of such special
officer. Any person, company, or corporation employing
a special officer under the provisions of

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
this act, shall be liable for all damages to any
person who has been injured in his person, property,
character, business, trade or calling, or
whose liberty has been illegally restrained by reason
of the unlawful act of such police officer and
in addition thereto, shall be liable to such punitive
damages as the jury may assess, not to exceed
$5,000.
Section 2. Any person, firm, company or corporation,
whether employer or employe, who shall
violate any of the provisions of the foregoing section,
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon
conviction thereof, other than a corporation, shall
be punished by a fine of not less than $50, nor
more than $250 and imprisonment in the county
jail not less than 6 nor more than 12 months.
Any corporation guilty of violating this act. shall
be punished hy a fine of not. less than $500, nor
more than $5,000, and the individual officer or
agent of such corporation acting for it, in the
violation of the foregoing section, shall be punished
as herein provided for the punishment of
a person other than a corporation violating this
act. The jurisdiction to try all offenses herein
provided is vested in the criminal or circuit court,
(having criminal jurisdiction) of the county in
which the offense shall have been committed.
Section 3. It shall be unlawful in the absence
of statutory authority for anv person not a member
of the National Guard, on duty, nor a sheriff.
constable, or other officer, or person acting under
the authority of such officer, whether, with or
without license, to carry firearms of any kind.
upon the lands of another, without the owner's
consent, or for any company, or assembly of persons
not members of the National Guard on duty,
nor members of any military school on drill, no
sheriff, constable, or other officer, or person acting
under the authority of any such officer to
carry firearms of any kind upon any of the public
roads, or hiehwavs of the state, or upon the streets
of anv municipality, a company or assembly of
persons within the meaning of this section shall
consist of five or more acting and consorting together.
WYOMING COAL STATISTICS.
The reports of George Blacker and W. E. Jones.
inspectors of districts Nos. 1 and 2, Wyoming.
show considerable progress in promoting the
safety of the coal mines of that state.
For district No. 1 the total number of employes
is given as 5,458. and in district No. 2 the
average number of men employed during the year
was 1.771.
The former produced 4,865,761 tons and the
latter 1,744,593. The report covers the fiscal year
ending Sept. 30, 1911.
CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
Plans for the breaker to be built for the Locust
Mountain Coal Co., which will operate the new
Girard estate lease, are nearing completion and
materials and machinery will be bought in February,
so that construction can be commenced
about April 1. A 6,000-foot drainage tunnel will
be started about the first of March.
C. W. Kutz, of Ursina, Pa., representing eastern
investors, has had test borings made on 7,000
acres of coal land owned by them near Kingwood,
Pa., and has found a vein of coal varying from
54 to 62 inches thick. The drilling is to be followed
by development.
The Burr Oak Coal Co., composed of Columbus,
O., investors, will develop 150 acres of coal in the
Crooksville, O., district, and open a mine employing
200 men. John Grannon, of Gloucester, O.,
handled the transfer of the property.
Mr. William Leckie, of Welch, W. Va., has acquired
a piece of property in Pike county, Ky.,
on the Pond Creek extension of the Norfolk &
Western, and is planning to open a mine during
the coming summer.
The Baltimore & Ohio is on the market for 1,000
more cars. In December the road placed an order
with the Cambria Steel Co. for 1,200 cars. The
company has bought about 11,000 cars in the last
year and a half.
Reports are current that the Pennsylvania railroad
will double its coal dock facilities at Toledo.
O., installing a new car dumping machine and
other improvements at a cost of $750,000.
The Elkhorn Fuel Co., of which J. A. Clark, Fairmont,
W. Va., is president, will develop 300,000
acres of coal in the Elkhorn district of Kentucky.
The Knickerbocker Fuel Co., of Hooversville,
Pa., is developing its property and expects to ship
600.000 tons during the present year.
A. S. Castillano, Jacksonville. Fla., and associates,
will develop 320 acres of coal 12 miles
from Tuscaloosa, Ala.
The Edwards & Bradford Lumber Co., Lafayette,
lnd., will erect a $30,000 retail coal handling plant
at that place.
The Economic Coal Co., Cambridge, O., will develop
the coal under the McCoy farm near +v " l+
place.
Philadelphia breaker of the Order Ko-Koa' •;
hold Its next smoker Feb. 19.

COLORADO COAL PRODUCTION IN 1912.
The production of coal in Colorado for 1912, as
compared with that of 1911, was:
Counties. 1911. 1912.
Las Anima- 4,561,989 4,770,292
Huerfano 1,719,278 1,889,300
Boulder 938,711 1,053,091
Fremont 636,533 733,188
Gunnison. 561,871 559,127
Pitkin 102,064 74,182
Jefferson 1,045 83,442
El Paso 314,848 314,885
Garfield 1G1.227 178,456
La Plata 107,434 121,111
Weld 487.636 489,379
Mesa 88,936 113,476
Delta 63,233 65,218
Routt 370,231 441002
Jackson 1,000 38,799
Small mines 70,000 75,000
Total 10,197,595 11,016,948
Details of operations for the two years were:
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
1911. 1912.
Lignite produced 1.G76.975 1,976,797
Semi-bituminous produced. 761,526 922,552
Bituminous produced 7,502,981 7,082,562
Anthracite produced 64,379 69,037
Unclassified, estimated.... 70,000 75,000
Total coal produced 10,197,595 11,016,948
Total coke produced 946,284 972,539
Total coke ovens 2,764 1,751
Employes at coke ovens. .. 674
Employes ir and about mines 13,814 13,980
ARKANSAS COAL PROPERTY SOLD.
The property of the Russellville Anthracite Coal
Mining Co., Russellville, Ark., has been sold by
Commissioner Lewis Ragsdale, under orders of
the Chancery Court, to satisfy a mortgage held
by the Detroit Trust Co. In the sum of $183,000.
The property was bought by James E. Quirk and
C. S. Whortley of Detroit, who held preferred
claims under deed of trust authorized by the directors,
and who were the largest claimants. They
were the only bidders and the property sold for
$75,000.
The property is one of the largest mining properties
in that section and was operated on a large
scale until about two years ago. The property
was recently leased for ton years by Mr. Barrett,
who will at ence put the property in shape for
operation. Two to three hundred men are employed
at this property when running full ca­
pacity.
MINER'S HOSPITAL ON WHEELS.
In addition to the provisions for rescue and
first-aid work now in force in the anthracite coal
mines, the Lehigh Valley Coal Co. is just putting
into service a mine rescue car which can be
rushed at a moment's notice to any colliery in
case of accident. This mine rescue car consists
of a remodeled passenger car equipped with oxygen
breathing apparatus and every kind of firstaid
equipment. It has six complete oxygen helmet
outfits, by means of which the wearer can
breathe for two hours in a gas-filled chamber,
with the necessary auxiliary equipment, resuscitating
apparatus consisting of pulmotors, stretchers,
blankets, splints, antiseptic cotton, and provisions
for setting up a small commissary in the
field if necessary. As there is already a corps
of men in every mine, specially trained in first-aid
work and a small hospital with similar first-aid
facilities at the foot of all the working shafts
this additional service will provide easy and suitable
transportation and accommodation for any
injured mine worker after he is brought out of
the mine.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade are reported expressly for
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, by Joseph M. Nesbit,
Patent Attorney. Park Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
from whom printed copies may be procured for 15
cents each:
Safety powder for blasting, G. M. Peters, Cincinnati,
O.; 1,048,578.
Apparatus for watering coke in coke ovens, C.
E. Taylor, Pittsburgh, and A. C. Wolf, Alicia.
Pa.; 1,049,006.
Device for propping mines, Friedrich Nellen,
Essen-on-the-Ruhr, Germany; 1,049,135.
Mine car brake, T. H. Morgan, McCartney, Pa.;
1,049,386.
Coal drill, also adjustable drill handle (2), W.
H. Clarkson, Edwards Station, 111.; 1,049,454 and
1,049,455.
Blasting apparatus, Ambrose Kowastch, Berlin,
Germany; 1,049.735.
System of handling coal, W. E. Hamilton, Columbus.
O.; 1,050.272.
Ore dock, Max Toltz, St. Paul, Minn.; 1,050,357.
Miner's squib, J. R. Powerll, Plymouth, Pa.;
1,050,390.
Mine car wheel lubricator, C. A. Tempest, Hazzard.
Pa.; 1.050,576.
Coke oven steam generator, J. H. Morgan, Chicago.
111.: 1.050,679.
Coke oven door, T. J. Mitchell and J. A. Mc­
Creary. Uniontown. Pa.: 1.050.677.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE BUREAU
OF MINES.
By Joseph A. Holmes, Director
The general purpose of the Bureau of Mines is
to conduct, in behalf of the public welfare, fundamental
inquiries and investigations into the mining
industry. The two phases of the industry of
greatest national concern are safety and efficiency
—safeguarding the lives of our miners and insuring
the most efficient and least wasteful development
and use of our mineral resources.
These inquiries and investigations are national
in scope; they do not contemplate the safeguarding
of the life of the individual miner nor the promotion
of the interests of the individual mine
owner or operator, but seek the development of
methods that will increase the safety of all miners
and will promote the upbuilding and permanence
of the whole mineral industry. Yet, although the
advancement of the public welfare is the primary
purpose of this work, it is obvious that broad fundamental
inquiries and researches cannot fail to
confer benefits on the individual miner and the
individual mine owner. Hence, the function of
the Bureau of Mines may be defined as the conducting
of inquiries and investigations that have
for their purpose the improvement of health conditions,
and the increase of safety, efficiency, and
economic development in the mining, quarrying,
metallurgical, and miscellaneous mineral industries
of the country.
It should be borne in mind that much of the
work now under way in the Bureau of Mines was
begun some two years prior to the establishment
of the bureau and was transferred to it.
At the beginning of this work black powder.
with its loDg, hot flame, was in general use
throughout the coal fields of the country, even in
mines where the presence of inflammable gas and
dust rendered its use dangerous. The explosives
investigations now/ under way by the bureau have
been largely instrumental in bringing about the
adoption, in these more dangerous coal mines, of a
new type of explosives with a short and relatively
cool flame. The use of this type of explosives,
now generallyd esignated
"PERMISSIBLE EXI'LOSrVES."
has increased from a small beginning a few years
ago to more than 13,000,000 pounds during 1911.
This revolution in the use of explosives in coal
mining has not only aided in reducing the number
of mine disasters, but also in reducing the
number of individual accidents. Miners, mine
operators, and mining engineers have expressed the
opinion that the work of the bureau in investigating
explosives has alone a value far greater than
the entire cost of maintaining the bureau since its
establishment.
There is still much to be accomplished in bringing
this work in behalf of safety to a higher state
of perfection, and it is of great importance that
investigations should be conducted in connection
with explosives for use in the metal mines and
quarries of the country.
As regards the work of the bureau in investigating
mine explosions, it may reasonably be claimed
that much has been accomplished. This statement
applies not only to the study of the prevention
of explosions, but also to the study of means
of limiting such explosions as may start, through
unexpected inbursts of explosive gas or other
causes not controlled by reasonable precautions,
to certain rooms or sections of the mine, thus helping
to reduce greatly the number of persons that
might be killed by future explosions in spite of
the preventive measures adopted.
Through the developments from the results obtained,
there has been during the past two years
a considerable reduction in the number of lives
lost in the coal mines of the country from mine
explosions.
The work of the bureau has called especial attention
to the risks and the precautions that should
be taken in connection with the use of electricity
in mining, especially in mines where there is danger
of explosions from the presence of gas or inflammable
dust, or both. It has pointed out the
dangers from the use of electric incandescent
lamps in such mines and the types of lamps which
can be used with a larger degree of safety; has
indicated the types of electric motors that should
be used in such mines, and has called attention to
the kinds of insulation that may
BEST EE EMPLOYED
in mines where the agencies destructive to insulation
act most vigorously.
The precautions and other improvements recommended
hy the bureau are being adopted as rapidly
as conditions permit, and already through its
investigations and the co-operative efforts of mining
engineers and mine owners the lessening of
accidents from electricity in mines is becoming
evident.
The investigations of the bureau in connection
with accidents from falls of roof and of coal and
from failure of mine equipment have been too few
and too incomplete to justify any expectation of
extended beneficial results at once; but the safety
recommendations of the bureau, based on prelimi-

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
nary examinations, are already being adopted contributed largely is the organization of private
widely in the coal mines of the country. mine-rescue stations, equipped and maintained at
The investigations of mine fires have resulted in the coal mines by the larger operators. More
making clear many of the contributory causes of than 1,500 sets of artificial breathing apparatus
such fires and have shown the proper equipment have been purchased and are now in use at such
and methods for preventing and fighting fires. stations, and in addition a half dozen of the larger
Especial attention has been given to the analysis coal companies have equipped and are operating
of the atmosphere of fire areas as an aid in deter- special mine-rescue cars for use at the groups 01
mining whether an area has been so sealed that mines under their management. One of the states
outside air cannot reach the fire, which, in such has equipped and is now operating three mineevent,
will be smothered. The findings of the rescue stations and three mine-rescue cars.
bureau in this respect are proving of service to The investigation of certain miners' disasters,
operators and to state mine inspectors. especially "miners' consumption," or miners'
The mine-rescue work, including both investiga phthisis, and miners' hookworm, has been undertions
and general demonstration and educational taken. Attention has already been called to methwork,
has been carried on in connection with the ods which should be adopted looking to a large reoperations
of the mine-rescue cars and mine-rescue duction or complete elimination of these diseases
stations and has already yielded worthy results. - in mining camps where they prevail and to the
Some new methods have been adopted, and in the preventive methods that should be employed in
first-aid and the rescue methods several thousand other mining camps where conditions are favorable
miners have been given training that will prove to the development of these diseases.
useful to them and to their fellow miners in time This work has been carried on in co-operation
of minor accidents or of great mine disasters. with the Public Health Service, and if properly
In connection with such rescue work, some 20 conducted cannot fail to lead to immediate imlives
have been saved Ly employes of the Bureau provement in those mining conditions that are
of Mines, and several additional lives have been largely responsible for the spread of such diseases.
saved by miners trained by the bureau through In this connection the Bureau of Mines has also
the operation of the mine-rescue taken up the study of those conditions in the
CARS AND STATIONS, larger metallurgical plants of the country that
Meanwhile, the general demonstrations and illus- affect more or less adversely the health of the emtrated
lectures given by the employes of the bureau ployes. Already the attention of
in connection with the work of the cars have been THOSE IN CHARGE
attended by more than 200,000 miners in different of such plants is being called to the need as well
parts of the country, and some 2,000 miners have as the natuie of remedial measures.
been granted certificates as fully trained in mine- It is encouraging to note that a beginning is
rescue and first-aid work. being made in the reduction of tiie death rate from
Another impoi taut part of the movement for accidents in coal mining in the United States, as
greater safety in mines to which the bureau has is shown by the tabular statement given below.
Production, number of men employed, and number of men killed in and about the coal mines of the
United States in the calendar years 1907 to 1911, inclusive.©
, Number Killed. ,
Per Produc-
Per 1,000,000 tion per
Production Number Production Number 1.000 Short Death
Year. (Short Em- (Short Em- Total. Em- Tons (Short
Tons)© ployed.® Tons)© ployed.® ployed, mined. Tons).
1907 480,363,424 680,492 461,406,000 655,418 3,197 4.88 6.93 144,000
1908 415,842,69S 690,438 404,933,000 672,794 2,449 3.64 6.05 165,000
1909 460,814,616 666,555 460,761,000 666,5-23 2,668 4.00 5.79 173,000
1910 501,596,37S 725,030 501,596,000 725,020 2,840 3.92 5.66 177,000
1911 496,221,168 728,348 496,221,000 728,34S 2,719 3.73 5.4S 183,000
Total.. 2,354,838,284 3,490,863 2,324,917,000 3,448,113 13,873
Average 470,967,657 698,173 464,983,000 689,623 2,775 4.02 5.97 168,000
©The figures for production and number of men emuloyed are from "Mineral Resources of the United States,"
E. W. Parker, U. S. Geol. Survey, except for the number of men employed in 1911, which were compiled by
the Bureau of Mines. , , .• . . ,
©These figures represent the total production and the total number of employes in the entire coal-mmlng
industry of the United States. , , . .. . . . ,
©These figures represent the production and the number of men employed in those states in which records
of fatal accidents are in existence. The figures are directly comparable with Ihe number ot men killed as given
in the fifth column and are those on which the mortality rates given herewith are based. It will be noted
that the portion of the industry not represented in the rates for 1907-19OP is extremely small and that in 1910-11
the entire industry is covered.

'l THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
It is not claimed that the lessening death rate indicated
by tnis taule was due wholly to these investigations,
but doubtless tney helped to bring it
about, not only by bringing out new facts, but
also by pi ocuring the active co-operation of miners,
mine owners, and mine inspectors in this
movement.
In order to be able to meet frequent demands
from the mining states for information concerning
legislation that has been lound necessary or
beneficial, and the rules and regulations that have
proved uselul in saieguarding tne lives of miners
in different mining countries and states, a large
amount of pertinent information has been already
brought together by the bureau and is now being
digested and supplied to the states for use as a
basis tor improved state legislation.
Much of this information is also sent direct to
mine owners and mineis tor their own consideration
in studying the possibilities of increasing
safety in tne mines of the different coal fields.
This work has been under way for nearly threeyears
and is generally considered one of the most
uselul phases of the work that the bureau nas undertaken
in behalf of mine safety.
The larger part of the coal now bought by the
Government is purchased under the general technical
supervision of the Bureau of Mines. The
cost of purchases under specifications prepared by
the bureau for the use of the Government now
aggregates more than ,-?5,000,000 per annum, and
the additional fuel bought under the general advice
of the bureau now aggregates in purchase cost
some $3,000,000 per annum more, making the total
value not less than $8,000,000.
The benefits to the Government from this work
of the bureau have been both general and special.
In the case of the purchase of coal by the Isthmian
Canal Commission for the Panama railroad during
1910 and 1911 the actual sum of money saved by
the Government was neaily $75,000 and the reai
saving was probably several times these figures,
because the method of purchase
INSURED DELI\ERIES
of coal of a higher grade than would otherwise
have been obtained.
Similar benefits have developed each year in the
case of fuels purchased by other branches of the
Government service, though in no other individual
case have the benefits been as large as in the case
of the Isthmian Canal Commission.
The benefits to the general public resulting from
this work for the Government may be indicated by
the fact that more than 50 of the larger cities, a
number of states, and a large number of private
corporations and business concerns in different
parts of the country have followed the general
plans adopted by the Government for the purchase
of its coal.
The analysis of coals occurring in different parts
of the country, analyses that have been made in
the testing of these coals for the use of the Government,
have been of groat service to engineers
in charge of power plants and to manufacturing
industries throughout the country, enabling users
of fuel to determine in advance the character ot
the coals available for iocai or special use.
Still more important, probably, are the investigations
carried on by the bureau looking to an increased
efficiency in the burning of coal at the
various power and heating plants of the public
buildings of the Government in different parts of
the country.
These investigations have not only resulted in
recognized benefits to the Government itself, but
also to power plants in cities and to private persons
in many parts of the country.
Stimulated by investigations undertaken by the
bureau a considerable briquetting industry has developed
in a number of places, which is making
decided progress in utilizing the slack or waste
coal of the country by pressing it into briquets and
thereby increasing its fuel value.
The utilization of luels that have heretofore been
considered waste products because of their being
low grade and containing an excessively high proportion
of ash has been much aided through the
Government's investigations in connection with the
use of the gas producer for low-grade fuels.
In its preliminary investigation into the subject
of waste of resources in the mining of coal and
other mineral products, the bureau has already contributed
to an awakening of public interest and
an awakening of many of the mine operators of the
country to the importance of a thorough examination
into this subject. It is hoped that this examination
can be made, for it will, if made, point
the way toward more efficient and
LESS WASTEFUL
methods of mining, handling, and utilizing the
more important mineral resources of the country.
The organization of the Bureau of Mines includes
an administrative division, with headquarters
at Washington, that has general supervision
of the conduct of the bureau's investigations and
the publication of reports dealing with the results
of these investigations; a mining, a mechanical.
and a chemical division, each in charge of a division
ciiief, with headquarters at the experiment
station of the bureau in Pittsburgh, and a miscellaneous
mineral industry division with headquarters
in Washington. In addition to the above
the director of the buieau gives personal supervision
to several mining and metallurgical investi-

gatlons that are being carried on in different parts
of the country.
The investigations conducted by the bureau during
the fiscal year 1912, like those of the preceding
year, were devoted chiefly toward the prevention
of large coal mine disasters. The pressing need
of investigations to determine the causes of and
the means of preventing accidents in coal mines
and in metal mines, and also the need of inquiries
and investigations into the cause and the prevention
of accidents and diseases incident to metalluigical
and other mineral industries, was fully recognized,
but in view of the limited funds at the disposal
of the bureau for investigations it was
deemed wiser to enlarge and push the investigations
under way rather than to take up other investigations.
New work was limited mainly to
the collection of statistics of accidents in coal
mines.
In the investigation of problems relating directly
to efficiency and safety in the mining of coal good
progress was made. Every mine in the United
States at which an explosion or fire of any note
occurred was visited by one or moi e engineers of
the bureau who, in co-operation with or with the
approval of the state or mine officials, investigated
the cause of the disaster and rendered such aid
as was possible in preventing further loss of life
and resources.
In the endeavor to determine the underlying
causes of mine explosions and mine fires and the
means by which dangerous conditions may be
effectively prevented or abated otner coal mines
in many parts of the country were investigated.
In continuation of its investigations relating to
the dangers that attend the use of electricity in
coal mines the bureau has completed a series of
tests to show how electric motors should be incased
to render safer their
OPERATION IN GASEOUS
coal mines. It has conducted experiments that
showed tbe possibility of igniting explosive mixtures
of mine gases through the breaking of the
bulbs of incandescent electric lamps in the presence
of such gases, and it has made tests to ascertain
the insulating materials best adapted for protecting
miners or mill men from the danger of
electric shock.
Tests and investigations to lessen the accidents
attending the use of explosives in mining were continued
at the Pittsburgh station and in the field.
During the year 3-2 explosives were thoroughly
tested and designated as "permissible" explosives
for use in dusty and gaseous coal mines under the
conditions prescribed by the bureau. On June 30,
1912, there were 88 explosives on this permissible
list. New tests were devised and the test requirements
were made more rigid to insure greater
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
safety in the use of the explosives that might pass
the tests. In testing and analyzing the explosives
examined during the year ov.;r 10,000 testa,
analyses and determinations were made.
At its experimental mine near Bruceton, Pa.,
about 13 miles southwest of Pittsburgli, the bureau
has continued its study of coal mine explosions.
This mine consists of two entries driven from the
outcrop into the Pittsburgh coal. It is equipped
with apparatus for recording the speed of an explosion
and the pressure produced and lor automatically
taking samples of the gases formed during
an explosion.
At the end of the year the two main entries
were in 980 feet from the outcrop. Improveci
instruments had been installed, and a series of
15 dust explosions had been made under predetermined
conditions. The effect of different conditions
on the violence of the explosions had been
studied and a discussion thereof prepared for publication.
The main purpose of the investigations
at the mine is, of course, to discover the most efficient
methods of preventing or limiting gas and
dust explosions.
To facilitate its investigations of mine disasters
and to demonstrate the use of mine rescue apparatus
and approved methods of rendering first aid
to the injured, the bureau maintains six minerescue
stations and seven mine-rescue cars in those
of the larger coal fields in whieli
MINE DISASTERS
are most likely to occur. The stations are at
Pittsburgh, Pa.: Urbana, 111.; Knoxville, Tenn.;
Seattle, Wash.; McAlester, Okla.; and Birmingham,
Ala. The cars were distributed as follows:
Car No. 1, in the anthracite fields, with headquarters
at Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Car 2, in the coal fields of New; Mexico, Colorado
and Utah, with headquarters at Trinidad, Col., and
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Car 3, in the coal fields of Western Kentucky,
Indiana and Illinois, with headquarters at Evansville,
Inch
Car 4, in the coal fields of Wyoming, Northern
Colorado and Utah, with headquarters at Rock
Springs, Wyo.
Car 5, in the coal fields of Montana and Washing
ton, with headquarters at Billings, Mont., and Seattle,
Wash.
Car 6, in the coal fields of Western Pennsylvania
and Northern West Virginia, with headquarters at
Pittsburgh.
Car 7, in the coal fields of Southern West Virginia,
Western Virginia, Eastern Kentucky, and
Eastern Tennessee, with headquarters at Huntington,
W. Va.
So many miners have desired to receive training
in mine rescue and first-aid methods that the

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
present training facilities aie inadequate. By
reason of insufficient supplies and equipment, these
facilities were not operated during the year at
more than 50 per cent, of their maximum possible
effectiveness.
Nearly 65,000 persons (mainly miners) visited
the safety cars and stations; more than 36,000
miners attended cho mine-safety lectures; more
than 10,000 miners took partial training in rescue
or first-aid work; and about 1,000 certificates were
issued to miners showing proficiency in such work.
Miners and operators in all coal fields have taken
active interest in the demonstration work of the
bureau, and many operators have organized and
equipped mine rescue corps at their own mines at
their OWD expense.
(TO HE CONTINUED MARCH 1ST)
CANDIDATES WHO HAVE PASSED
ILLINOIS MINE BOARD EXAMINATIONS.
The following candidates have passed the Illinois
Mining Board examinations:
Mine Managers, First Class—Walter Scott, Harrisburg;
Martin Buddy, Bush; Joe Duxon, West
Frankfort; R. F. Smith, Maryville; T. T. Furgeson,
Sawyerville; Thomas Gardner, Johnston City;
George Cook, Sparland; Benjamin Jackson, Brereton.
Mine Managers, Second Class—Oscar Newell,
Chillicothe; Milo Bushneli, Astoria; John Gibson,
Ipava; Don Valentine, Astoria; J. G. Poiiett, Canton;
Peter Westerfield, Canton; Alfred Manuel,
Roseville; H. A. Fidler, Canton; Charles Younger,
Crainvilie; Joseph Engel, Kewanee; Frank Woigemut,
Canton.
Hoisting Engineers—Harry Rude, Harrisburg,
Leonard W. West, Pana; William Lusk, Taylorville;
Ray Davis, Benton; Charles L. Kent, Centralia.
Mine Examiners—George Hope, Johnston City;
Charles Glancey, Christopher; Louis Selotto, Witt;
William A. Jones, Taylorville; R. L. Van Hoose.
Herrin; Fred Sehoonover, Glen Carbon; Thomas
E. Cou)ehan, St. David; George R. Martin, Clifford;
Anthony T. Jakonbeck, Belleville; Alfred
Eaton, Girard; Charles Lorkowski, Glen Carbon;
Otis Burress, Galatia; J. E. Weise, Belleville; J. Q.
Charlton, Pinckneyville; Tom Russell, West Frankfort;
James Rogers, Norris; Ralph Snider, Bush;
S. D. Hove, Christopher; P. W. Canfield, Brereton;
Ernest Deakin, Pekin; Henry C. Mueller, Moun- -
Oiive; William F. Greiner, Belleville.
The Cannelton Coal Co., New York City, operating
in West Virginia, has filed notice of a dissolution
of the corporation.
CERTIFICATED FIRST-AID MEN.
At the recent First Aid examination held by the
State Y. M. C. A. and the American Red Cross
society, 85 miners passed the examination and re­
ceived a First Aid certificate. The list includes:
Robert Ainsley, Oliver; Clyde G. Brehm, Uniontown;
J. R. Craft, Uniontown; William H. Davis,
Oliver; James F. Eicher, Jr., Uniontown; Charles
C. Grim, Jr., Oliver; William J. Henry, Oliver;
Thomas Lally, Oliver; John Levick, Oliver; Don
MacPhail, Oliver; Adam K. Smitley, Oliver; L. C.
Smitley, Oliver; Fred S. Watts, Uniontown; Frank
Zarnosky, Oliver; Blaine G. Zinn, Uniontown;
Louis Christoff, Patton; John G. Churley, Patton;
Forest Gobert, Patton; Alexander Jack, St. Benedict;
William McMuldren, Patton; Joseph Squires,
Patton; Robert Watson, St. Benedict; William S.
Batey, Rillton; Philip Duke, Rillton; Otto Kebernick,
Rillton; Emanuel Kober, Rillton; Albert
Kozischek, Rillton; F. P. McClain, Rillton; Harry
Weber, Rillton; George U. Fry, Claridge; Edward
N. Good, Claridge; H. L. Good, Claridge; Berton
C. Kepple, Claridge; Daniel J. Loughner, Jr., Claridge;
Joseph Martz, Claridge; Ernest Parsons, Claridge;
Earl W. Buck, Gallitzin;; John J. Cheslock,
Gallitzin; William Lawn, Gallitzin; James Lawn,
Gallitzin; Raymond M. Lentz, Gallitzin; Thomas J.
McLaughlin, Gallitzin; Emil Nordstrom, Gallitzin;
Hjalmar Nordstrom, Gallitzin; William O'Brien,
Gallitzin; William Rttffiey, Gallitzin; George Siusser,
Gallitzin; Harry J. Shank, Gallitzin; William
Watts, Gallitzin; Edward T. Clark, Tarrs; Harry
M. Donaldson, Crabtree; J. T. Hayden, Greensburg;
Clark Riddle, Greensburg; Thomas J. Rawlings,
Crabtree; H. G. Whigam, Penn Station; Frederick
K. Woodward, Greensburg; Michael Abel, Hastings;
Jess M. Deitrick, Hastings; Steve C. Fetsko,
Hastings; Thomas J. Graham, Hastings; John
Hindmarsh, Hastings; Norman V. Breth, Barnesboro;
Elmer W. Clement, Barnesboro; John L.
Davis, Barnesboro; Irvin R. Lutz, Barnesboro;
Joseph Brostner, Wendel; George H. Goodfellow,
Wendel; John Randall, Wendell; Patrick Quinn,
Wendel; John Randall, Wendel; Patrick Quinn,
Bregar, West Newton; Charles E. Cook, Wyano;
Charles Cumpson, West Newton; Fred Jarvis, West
Newton; Henry Mull, West Newton; George M.
Sterner, West Newton; George F. Armel, Yukon;
William Condie, Yukon; Charles Nicholson, Yukon;
Mathias Packe, Yukon; William M. Pike, Yukon;
Alex. Robertson, Yukon; Stewart Shotts, Yukon;
F. T. Sporck, Yukon; Gomer H. Phillips, Johnstown.
The next examination will be held April 4, and
all inquiries relative to them should be sent to
T. B. Dilts, mining secretary, Greensburg, Pa.

The following is taken from Section IS of the
Colorado Coal Mine Regulations: "That in all
coal mines known to generate explosive gas that
the owner or agent shail provide and adopt a system
by which water under pressure or otherwise
shall be sprinkled and make damp all accumulations
of fine coal dust from time to time that may
accumulate on any haulage road, rooms, stopes,
or other working places."
There is often a scarcity of water in the vicinity
of the mines in the Rocky Mountain region, and
should the law be revised at any time it would
appear that this part of it should be given careful
consideration.
Where stone dust is distributed through a mine
in such a manner that small coal, or coal dust
would become thickly mixed with, or diluted by
the stone dust at the initial stage of an explosion
caused in any manner, the mixture cannot come
under the head of "coal dust," having regard to
the view of the coal-dust danger as it exists to-day.
At Hastings, a Colorado coking coal mine, where
an explosion occurred in June last, there is no
shortage of water. The explosion traveled through
naturally damp workings, which are being driven
to the dip. A stream of water flows down the
back slope, or intake airway, and water drips from
the roof in places in the main slope, or haulageway,
which is also the return airway.
Everything pointed to a quantity of gas near
the face of a heading off the third south having
been ignited by a defective Wolf lamp in the hands
of a fire boss (about five-eighths of an inch of the
gasket on the top of the glass was found bent over,
and the lamp ignited explosive mixtures on the
surface during tests made after the explosion).
The condition of the body of a miner found in the
third north heading about 650 feet from the point
of origin, gave valuable information. This man
was evidently standing with his back to the face
of the north heading when he was met by the
blast. From head to feet his body was punctured
with small coal. In the pioneering cloud of the
explosion there was not dust alone; the unfortunate
man had been struck in the chest by a piece
of coal or rock which left a deep wound 4 inches
in diameter, and there were other wounds from
1-inch diameter down to the
SIZE OF A PIN HEAD.
His hair was singed. The flame did not strike
him first, otherwise he would not have been standing
erect facing the onrushing small coal. The
flame and the "cloud" may have been traveling
together, but it is a reasonable conclusion that the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
THE COAL DUST QUESTION
By Samuel Dean. Delaeue. Colo.
flame obtained its fuel fiom the cloud of damp
dust and coal assisted by a small percentage of
methane in the air-current, and in that manner the
explosion was propagated up the slope.
It is important that all bias be removed when
considering this explosion. The first state inspector
to enter the workings after the disaster
declared that the explosion had traveled through
a wet mine. Pools of water lay in the cross-entries
driven north and south. Water was loaded
with the coal at some of the faces and dripped
from the cars as they were hauled up the slope.
The wet and dry bulb readings taken before the
explosion in all parts of the mine showed relative
humidities which varied from 92 to 97 per cent.
with an average temperature of 60° F. Yet some
parts of the mine which were not touched by
water, but only came in contact with the humidified
air, would not be considered sufficiently wet
by the critical observer. And it was possible to
pick up handfuls of comparatively dry fine coal in
places where it had fallen from the end-gate cars
and been crushed by the traffic. But it is doubtful—and
this statement is most important—if it
is possible to constantly maintain, by artificial
means, in a naturally dry mine, the damp condition
which is general in all parts of this mine during
the summer months. And it should not be
forgotten that this explosion occurred in the summer
time.
The origin or the cause of the explosion was
gas, but any suggestion that gas alone was responsible
for the propagation of the flame for a distance
of over half a mile will not bear investigation
and can be dismissed. Before the accident
the quantity of air entering the back slope was
20,000 cubic feet per minute, and the amount of
methane traveling with the
RETURN AIR UP THE MAIN
slope has never been found to be as much as 1 per
cent, of the mixture; three-tenths and one-halt
of 1 per cent, has been found. The explosion occurred
about 9:30 P. M. on June 18 last, and the
following are barometrical readings taken on the
dates, and at times stated:
Date.
June 14
June 15
June 16
June 17
June 18
June 18
June 19
Time.
7 A.M.
7 A. M
7 A.M.
7 A. M.
7 A.M.
9 P.M.
7 A.M.
Reading.
23.57
23.50
23.70
23.87
23.80
23.88
23.88

The Hastings mine is located in the eastern
foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains at an altitude
of 6,450 feet above sea level. The maximum and
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
minimum barometer readings recorded are, respectively,
23.99 and 23.00. It will be observed
that the explosion occurred when there was a high
and rising barometer.
Where the rock tunnel connects with the upper,
or .4 seam, the height from the rail to the roof is
20 feet, tapering down for a distance of 200 feet
to where the roof joins the ordinary height from
rail to top of A seam. Wide openings also branch
off in three directions at the top of the tunnel.
These openings have other branches leading into
worked-out areas filled with air no doubt lacking
in oxygen. The explosion appeared to have gained
its greatest force coming through the tunnel, every
timber being swept out, but on getting expansion
in the high and wide places the pioneering cloud
split up, the flame no longer had that concentrated
supply of fuel necessary for propagation, the pressure
was relieved, and the explosion ceased. Had
the slope continued with a cross-sectional area similar
to that of the tunnel the explosion would no
doubt have traveled to the outside with terrific
force.
An important change might have been revealed
by comparing the results of microscopical, chemical,
and distillation examinations of small coal
and dust gathered from the
PATH OF THE EXTLOSION,
and of coal from the B seam which had not been
in contact with flame, a change which might have
convinced the most skeptical as to the cause of
propagation.
At the Delagtta. Colo., mines, adobe dust has
been applied over 8,500 linear feet of entries. And
in case of an ignition of firedamp, or in the event
of an explosion starting in any other way, reliance
would be placed upon the adobe dust on shelves
and projections along the entries to prevent the
spreading of the flame. It is not considered possible
for an explosion to be propagated, by the aid
of small coal or coal dust, through the entries
which are adobe dusted. The fourth and fifth
north entries, with the cross-entries turned off
them, are treated in this manner. The first, second,
and third north main entry districts are still
sprinkled with water, so that at the present day
there is a good opportunity to compare the two
methods in use at Delagua.
Up to the present time adobe dust has not been
applied at the face of working places. Firedamp
is seldom found and then only in very small quantities.
The coal is undermined and blasted with
permissible explosives. Special shot firers are
employed who condemn all shots drilled in the
solid, or drilled deeper than the undermining
The charge limit is 1% pounds of explosive tamped
with adobe. It is seldom that more than 1 pound
of explosive is used per shot, but over the charge
limit is sometimes used in rock shots; and the
roof, floor, and sides are thickly adobe dusted for
100 feet on each side before the shots are fired.
Shot firers make daily report, as shown in the following,
and strict compliance with the rules is
enforced. Under these circumstances it has not
so far been considered necessary to apply inert
dust at the lace.
THE VICTOR-AMERICAN FUEL COMPANY.
Mine 191
Shot Firer's Daily Report.
District of mine
Time first shot fired? Time last shot fired?
Number shots examined?. .. . Number tamped?
Number fired?.... Number of shots condemned,
reason why, and where located?
Did you fire any shots on Main Haulage roads back
from the face?
Number of missed shots, where located?
Number of blown-out shots, where located, and
cause of blow-out?
Did you use a wooden tamping bar for tamping all
charges?
Did you find any one in the mine during the time
you were firing shots?
Did you find any miners with detonators in their
possession ?
Did you examine all the places again, with the aid
of a safety lamp, after you had fired the shots, and
leave your initials in chalk on the face where the
coal had been shot down?
Did you fence off all missed shots?
Is your safety lamp clean, and in good condition?..
Did you find any gas in the working places?
State the correct time you left the entrance to the
mine?
State here any further remarks you wish to make
Shot Firer.
Efforts arc made to keep the main roads clean,
and free from accumulations of small coal, and
coal dust, but success in this direction is not always
attained on account of
THE QUANTITY (IF COAL
which falls from the end-gate cars, and the difficulty
in procuring regular labor to load out the
piles of small coal at night. The two men who
erect shelves and distribute adobe during the day
time, scrape up the small coal which accumulates
between the rails and leave it in piles along the
side of the road. These piles are not considered
dangerous, on account of containing a high percentage
of adobe, and because of the heavy supplies
of adobe dust on the shelves, but they are
removed whenever men are available for the work.
Occasionally water has been sprinkled between

the rails where the roof and sides are covered with
adobe dust. In the cross-entries reliance is placed
upon the adobe on the shelves, and that which has
been thrown on to the roof and sides by hand,
also on the crude adobe which has been scattered
over the floor and mostly reduced to dust by the
traffic.
About three times a month all surfaces of the
fourth and fifth north haulage roads, and the slope
are given a covering or coating of adobe dust which
is applied by machine. This machine is composed
of a small Root blower belt-driven from a 3-horsepower
direct-connected motor taking current
through a trolley pole, the whole being carried on
a truck. The quantity of dust which the machine
will blow or distribute is 100 pounds in 12 minutes.
The finer particles of dust propelled from the
blower will travel a distance of over 2,000 feet
suspended in the air where the air-current is traveling
at a speed of 300 feet per minute. The mechanical
dust distributing train consists of a locomotive,
mine car containing dust in sacks, and the
machine. Two men are employed, one on the locomotive
and the other feeding the machine and
handling the hose. The train seldom stops, but
proceeds at a slow pace with the man at the hose
spraying from side to side and on the roof.
In addition to dust placed on shelves, all ledges,
holes, and natural projections
ALONG THE ENTRIES
are cleared of eoal dust, and filled with adobe dust
by hand, so that such places can never again become
resting places for dangerous quantities of
fine eoal dust. The upper sides of all roof timbers
are covered with adoge dust. All shelves which
have been erected recently are practically fireproof,
being covered on the upper side with thin sheet
iron.
1'he thought has been expressed that large quantities
of stone dust in mines may cause pulmonary
troubles. Where adobe dust is used no trouble of
this kind has developed, nor have the workmen
in the mine suffered any discomfort. But undoubtedly
the adobe in the vicinity of Delagtta is
not of such a clayey nature as that found further
south ancl in parts cf Ne.v Mexico. It has been
decided to install a mill for the purpose of reducing
suitable shales to dust for use in the mines
at a future date.
TABLE 1. ALTOFTS SHALE DUST.
Solubility
Percentage Solubility in Solubility
of in Dilute in a
Specific Magnetic Distilled Hydro- Digestive
Gravity. Particles. Water, chloric Acid. Fluid.
2.65 2.70 2.186 6.886 2.557
ADOBE DUST.
9.77 .50 4.586 9.336 4.591
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 67
Through the kindness of Doctor Garforth the
Delagtta adobe has been microscopically examined
by Mr. H. Crowtber, who has made a comparison
of the Delagua dust with the Altofts dust made
from clay, or argillaceous shale, inasmuch as the
latter has been favorably reported on by Dr. J. S.
Haldane, the eminent physicist (see report of Mining
Association of Gieat Britain, page 120) : "The
dust used at Altofts colliery for stopping coal dust
explosions is from soft shale, and is certainly not
of such a nature as to give rise to any anxiety as
to the effects produced by inhaling it, particularly
as the amount inhaled would be small *****
It would be well to point out, however, that
DUST FROM HARD STONE,
fireclay, sand, or any material containing free silica
ought not to be employed."
In Table 1 are given the specific gravities and
the solubilities in several fluids of the two kinds
of dust.
It will be seen that the adobe has a high ratio
of solubility, and were this point alone considered
the dust would be most suitable for dusting a mine.
The microscope shows that the adobe contains two
kinds of siliceous particles; one consists of flakes
of clay, the other of rounded grains of quartz with
few cutting edges. The flakes of clay are alumina
silicate. It contains also traces of oxides ot iron,
mica, and limestone.
The free silica is in the form of chalcedony, an
amorphous form of quartz. The chalcedonic
particles are more or less rounded, and few in
proportion are pointed or cutting. Formerly the
material has been subjected to attrition under
water, hence many of the particles are smooth. It
is inert and contains no substance that would give
off any injurious gases or fumes. The free silica
in adobe is in less irritating form, except as regards
insolubility, than, in any of the siliceous
materials hitherto examined. At a later date the
writer will deal with the matter of inert dusts
suitable for use in mines in an article illustrated
with drawings magnified S5 diameters, and drawn
under polarized light.
The wooden end-gate car is the chief cause of
the presence of coal dust on all mine roads. The
small coal which falls through the bottoms, sides
and ends of the cars is quickly reduced to dust
by the traffic. The removal of all dust is impossible,
but with the introduction of dust-proof cars
and rotary dumps, the application of the stonedust
remedy is simplified, the amount of dangerous
dust to lie diluted or rendered harmless being
trifling compared with the quantity-always in evidence
where the end-gate car is in use. Where
new mines are about to be opened, up it is import-.
ant that the proposed type of car be given more
consideration than has been customary in the past.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Pyramid Coal Mining Co., Curwensville, Pa.;
capital, $10,000; incorporators, Isaac B. Norris,
Curwensville, Pa.; Michael J. Kelley, Curwensville,
Pa.: Wm. H. Ellery, Dumout, N. J.; Fred
Pilkington, Grampian, Pa.
The W. T. Fields, Oil, Gas Coal & Investment
Co., Cushing, Okla.; capital, $25,000; incorporators,
W. T. Fields, Guthrie; William W. Cuthbertson,
El Reno, and Pete Hanraty, McAlester.
Paint Rock Consolidated Coal Co., Chattanooga,
Tenn.: capital, $50,000; incorporators, J. P.
Barnes, H. B. Bonney, W. B. Garvin, John E. Patton
and George M. Price, all of Chattanooga.
Bellmore Coal Co., Burnside, Pa.; capital, $5,-
000; incorporators, Enoch Bellis, Ebensburg, Pa.;
E. E. Kantz, Burnside, Pa.; S. H. Wigton, Philipsburg,
Pa.; James Passmore, Philipsburg, Pa.
Milan Coal & Coke Co., Fairmont, W. Va.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, Milan N. Glumicich,
Julius Hoffman, Marvin L. Linn, Thomas W. Powell
and Richard Hoffman, all of Fairmont.
Kistler-Schuler Coal Co., Mann., W. Va.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, J. F. Kistler, Grace Kistler
and E. J. Schuler, of Mann.. W. Va.; J. F. Schuler
and S. A. Schuler of Sharpsburg, O.
Francois Coal & Coke Co., Clarksburg, W. Va.;
capital, $100,000; incorporators, V. E. Gocke, J. M.
Francois, J. C. Williams. E. J. Francois and E. L.
Spraker. all of Clarksburg, W. Va.
Oklahoma Coal & Fuel Co., Oklahoma City,
Okla.; capital, $1,650,000; incorporators, E. J.
Dettpree, Warren B. Watkins, J. M. Alford, Charles
W. Gunter and W. R. Kinney.
Greensburg Coal & Coke Co., Greensburg, Pa.;
capital, $200,000; incorporators, Alexander Coulter,
Henry W. Coulter, W. A. Coulter and Mar
garet Coulter, Greensburg.
Dushan Coal Mining Co., Osceola Mills, Pa.:
capital, $5,000; James F. Dugan. John J. Dugan,
IY0U CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
CAN get you a large )
clean core of all strata un- ?
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
§TheJ. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
; Field Office. 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
) Contractor! for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
H. G. Danneker, James Shannon, James Hatton,
all of Osceola Mills, Pa.
Bay State Coal & Cement Co., Pittsfield, Mass.;
capital, $10,000; incorporators, Daniel J. Walsh,
Thomas F. O'Neill, Thomas F. Flynn, William G.
Cooper, Edward Crowe.
Richland Coal & Mining Co., Altoona, Pa.; capital,
$30,000; incorporators, Anthony W. Smith,
Dysart, and Alfred C. Stewart and Luther E.
Lewis, Boston, Mass.
Penn-Westmoreland Coal Co., Greensburg, Pa ;
capital, $5,000; incorporators, A. R. Byers, Nev/
Stanton; W. G. Hillis, Youngwood, and J. E. Rice,
Harrisburg.
Hamilton-Otto Coke Co., Hamilton, O.; capital,
$700,000; incorporators, J. C. Thomas, E. M.
Peters, E. C. Sienner. John W. Linfert and Robert
Ramsey.
Little Black Creek Coal Co., Easton, Pa.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, F. C. Rockafellow, E. M.
Rockafellow, R. W. Bowdby, all of Easton, Pa.
Colver Store Co.. Colver, Pa.; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, J. E. Williams, Philadelphia; J.
Edgar Long, Colver, and T. B. Hall, Camden.
Elkhorn Fuel Co., Fairmont, W. Va.: capital,
$30,000,000; incorporators. J. A. Clark, Fairmont:
C. T. Williams, Baltimore, Md., and others.
Karnak Coal Co., Fairmont, W. Va.; capital,
$150,000; incorporators, David Morison, J. W. Hayward
and B. P. Porter, all of Cleveland, O.
Connellsville Coal Co., Connellsville, Pa.; capital,
$5,000: incorporators, W. D. McGinnis, H. C.
Norton and R. L. Long, Connellsville.
Black Oak Coal Co., Tyrone, Pa.; capital, $10,-
000; incorporators, H. L. Orr, D. B. Mingle, W. W.
Lower, and A. H. MeCann. Tyrone.
Briquette Coal Manufacturing Co., St. Louis;
capital, $100,000: incorporators, J. Carltcn O'Neal,
D. E. O'Neal and Virgil Turpin.
Tierney Mining Co., Powhatan, W. Va.; capital,
$150,000; incorporators, E, M. Bush and E. V.
Townsend, of Huntington, W. Va.
Grove City Coal Mining Co., Grove City, Pa.:
capital, $10,000; incorporators, John Faull, R. P.
Cann and S. M. Stevenson.
Belmont-Monroe Coal Mining Co., Augusta, Me.;
capital, $1,000,000; incorporators, R. S. Buzzell,
L. J. Coleman, Augusta.
Osterried Coal Co., Lucinda, Pa.; capital, $5,-
000; incorporators. Joseph Osterried, J. A. Schill
and Martin Osterried.
Illinois Union Coal Co., Carlinville, 111.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators F. C- Hack, E. C. Maher
and D. T. McNabb.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 69
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
VICTOR
Bituminous Coal
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708-2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Of the total assessed valuation of Fayette
county, Pa., $50,270,000 is for coal lands. The
county commissioners in fixing the valuation
raised the value of Connellsville district coal land
from $550 to $600 an acre; Klondike coal from
$450 to $550 an acre, and Spring Hill coal lands
from $250 to $300 an acre.
FOR. SALE.
We have in stock for immediate delivery, the
following hoisting engines:
4 Pairs of 8" x 10."
4 Pairs of 10" x 12."
4 Pairs of 12" x 16."
Write for prices and description.
THE EXETER MACHINE WORKS,
Pittston, Pa.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL THADE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
Located in the famous Southern
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and
General Map of the Bituminous
of unsurpassed quality and quantity,
with excellent shipping facilities.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
k bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre Haute, lnd.
Wanted
Position as superintendent by married man, 39
years old. College and University graduate. Sixteen
years practical experience, mostly inside coal
mines Pittsburgh district, as miner, roadman, driver,
weighmaster, surveyor, fireboss, assistant mine
foreman, mine foreman and superintendent. Good
health, good habits, and best of references. Salary
$250. Address A. B., Care of THE COAI TBADE
BULLETIN.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
FOR SALE-
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis' of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville R. R., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Madisonville, Ky.
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909- lO.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
ihe names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

The Wheeling Coal & Coke Co. has turned over
the lease of 1,000 acres of coal in Clay district,
near Moundsville, W. Va., to the Ben Franklin
Coal Co. The minimum royalty is to be $12,000
per annum.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
So that the mining villages of the Philadelphia
& Reading Coal & Iron Co. may present a better
appearance and that the sanitary conditions may
be improved, the Land Department has issued an
order that all unsightly fences and stables shall
be removed.
A new vein of sub-bituminous coal has been uncovered
in the mine of the Issaquah & Superior The Pennsville Coke Co. is firing up 59 ovens
Mining Co., at Issaquah, Wash. It is said ap­ at its Pennsville, Pa., plant idle since the panic of
proximately 8,000,000 tons of coal are in sight. 1907.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUj
TT
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C O ^ A ^ V
PENNSYLVANIA.
J « V
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
3
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
OENERAL OFFICE
MIIM: CAMBKIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES, Latrobe, Penna.
c

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
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Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
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LATROBE STEAM COAL
! CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
COKE.
GENERAL O^'C^s: - - J " GREENSBURG PA J
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AGME GOAL MINING GOMPANY,
GREENSBURG. PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
ACME AND AVON DALE
! HIGH GRADE STEAM GOALS,!
5 MINES, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. 5
"j SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R. J
; C. J. RENWICK, Sales Agent, Prudential Building, BUFFALO, N. Y. S
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LIGONIER COAL COMPANY,
LATROBE, PA.
| H ,GH G RHDE ^S TEaM @* L
| eONNELLSYILLE 6©KE.
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APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
? APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL^
AND JJ
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN ?,
s
COAL. 8
2 GENERAL OFFICES • . . . GREENSBURG, PA. S
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§

me
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, MARCH 1, 1913 No. 7
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THB COAL TBADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STUAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBUBGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY THE TRADE SEEMS TO
RE IN A BETWEEN SEASONS LULL, with the demand
somewhat irregular, although there is no sign
of producers making any concessions in the way
of prices. The conditions existing are in large
measure due to the weather that has been preva­
lent all during the winter. There has been little
if any really downright cold weather, and when
there have been blizzards and cold snaps, like that
of the fortnight just closed, which hit the north­
west, they have not been of sufficient duration to
make an appreciable hole in the size of the stor­
age piles at distributing centers.
Reports from all tbe big centers of distribu­
tion and production tell the same story, of an
irregular demand. Always the weather is blamed
for it. But in tlie same breath the trade quotes
list figures, and quotes them with a finality that
means no bargain hunters need apply.
The question of car and labor supply is not coke has gone into stock and the shipments have
bothering any one just now. The railroads are
caring for all demands for rolling stock as fast
as made, and there is an increase in the number
of .idle cars. On the other hand the supply of
men in the mines is adequate and there is no com­
plaint heard on this score.
lar demand is noticeable, particularly among those
consumers uho do not enter into contracts for
their supply in certain amounts each month. In
consequence fuel is at hand in generous supply
and if a mine is compelled to stop work for a day
or so for any reason, little is said about it. But
with all this irregularity of demand, producers,
particularly those whose actions are watched as
a gauge to judge the market, are standing pat on
card quotations, and absolutely refuse to make
any concession along this line. They seem to
figure, and figure rightly, too, that they can get
a good price for iheir coal if they but insist on
it. And they are insisting. In consequence of
this the quotations are: $1.30 to $1.40 for run-
of-mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50 for three-quarter coal;
$1.50 to $1.60 for inch and one-quarter coal; and
slack 90 cents to $1, depending on whether there
is plenty of this grade of coal at hand.
Coke makers are still piling up new production
records, and if the increase keeps on in the same
ratio, the half-million ton per week mark will
be passed ere the middle of the year rolls round.
Accompanying the increased tonnage manufac­
tured, there has been a softening of prices to a
certain degree on the poorer grades of coke, but
withal the prices have held steadily above the
figures that would result in loss to the manu­
facturer. In other words, prices are maintained
at the figures the merchant operators contend
they should have to have a reasonable profit on
their investment. One of the bright features
is the fact that with al) the record production, no
taken all the coke the ovens have turned out.
Prices are held at $2.50 to $11.75 for furnace coke
and $3.50 to $3.75 for foundry coke.
There is a settling down in the anthracite trade,
and the fact that the shortage of production of
the past year must be made up during the present
In the Pittsburgh district the matter of irregu­ year if this branch of the trade is to hold its own

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
has something to do with tbe steadiness of the he has shown the part of wisdom ill coming out
trade. The figures for January production show
a new record and tlie figures for the month just
closed w ill, in all probability, indicate a similar
condition. The stand taken by the officials of
tiie union on the question of the petty strikes is
likely to have' a deterrent effect and to make for
better conditions in the held.
* * *
THE RECALL or IHEIR OFFICERS has been added to
Ihe constitution of the United Mine Workers of
the Pittsburgli district. This action was taken
at their district convention held during the fort­
night. This action is an incorporation into their
own governing laws of a theory the miners along
with members of other organizations have advo­
cated for tbe state ana nation. Its application
will be watched with interest by both the miners
and those interested in tbe pi ogress of the union.
* * *
PRESIDENT TAFI HAS SIGNED TUE RILL enlarging
the scope of the Bureau of Mines. This makes
it representative of all mine, as well as of min­
eral technology. It gives to the bureau more of
the authority that should attach to such a body
and puts it on a plane with similar bodies in other
countries.
petty strikes and his msis'.ance that the miners
must keep inviolate their contracts. His stand
is one to be expected of the leader of a labor or­
ganization if that organization means to continue
its collective bargaining with the employers, and
as unalterably opposed to any violation of con­
tractual obligations.
* * *
QUIET PREVAILS IN THE STRIKE ZONE OF WEST VIR-
OI.MA. and the military control the situation. In
the meantime the courts of the slate have been
called to pass upon some phases of the present
situation that already have been decided by the
highest judicial tribunal of the countiy, i. e.: the
right of the governor to declare martial law. The
decision of the state courts, in view of the U. S.
Supreme court ruling, will be watched for with
more than a little interest by every one in the
coal trade.
* * *
POOR, BROKEN -HEARTED PAT DOLAN was accorded
belated justice when the Pittsburgh miners' con­
vention last week cast a unanimous vote to erect
a monument to his memory. It's a pity that
vindication could not have cheered the declining
years of this gallant old leader who gave to the
miners all his life's telling work.
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS •
The Bureau of Mines has received at least a little
more recognition. Now if Congress will just
PENNSYLVANIA OOAL PRODUCTION IOR 1912, accord­ hand it a few "simoleons" it can go ahead with
ing to the figures made public by Chief of the its work.
Department of Mines, James E. Roderick, was a
* * *
decided record breaker. The figures show that
Pennsjlvania coal production figures show a
more than one hundred and sixty million tons of
decidedly healthy increase. One hundred and
bituminous and eighty-two million tons of an­
sixty million tons sure is a "whopping" big total.
* * *
thracite were produced. When they are taken
President White of the Mine Workers insists
together they form a total that represents almost
anthracite miners "cut out" petty strikes and keep
half of the production of tiie country, or to figure
their contracts. Good dope.
it more closely practically forty-five per cent, of
* * *
the total. The figures show that it will be many-
Pittsburgh Mine Workers voted to recall their
years before any other state can hope to approach
officers. Just putting their theory to a practical
the Keystone commonwealth in the tonnage re­
test.
covered.
* * *
* * *
At last Uncle Sam has about decided to give up
PRESIDENT WHITE OF THE MINE WORKERS once
more has made clear his stand in opposition to
busting the "trust" fsic) in the anthracite field.
The possibilities of large eoal deposits as yet
untouched in the Ozark mountain regions will
be investigated by eastern men, headed hy A. D.
Vance of Pittsburgh, who will go to Taney county,
Missouri, and begin prospecting in the country
near Gretna, Branson and Hollister.

COAL PRODUCTION IN PENN­
SYLVANIA DURING 1912."
Pennsylvania more than retains its distinction
as the greatest coal producing territory in the
United States, the production for 1912 aggregating
the tremendous total of 245,231,555 net tons, onehalf
of the output of the entire country.
The bituminous production was 160.973,428 net
tons, an increase of 18,784,099 net tons over 1911
and 11,414,381 net tons over 1907, the year show
ing the highest previous record.
Along with this great output it is gratifying to
note that the number of fatal accidents has been
decreased, a matter of sincere congraatulation and
the direct result in the bituminous region of the
enforcement of the new bituminous code passed at
the legislative session of 1911. This code during
its progress through the legislature was made
the object of bitter attack by the Mine Workers of
Western Pennsylvania and also by some of the
operators, ancl a stubborn fight was made against
its passage. It did not meet the views of the
Mine Workers in its provisions relating to safety
conditions, which they thought were not drastic
enough, and was objectionable to the operators
whose point of view was diametrically opposed to
that of the Mine Workers, because its provisions
were deemed too drastic and their enforcement
would entail g v eat expense.
The operation of the code during 1912 has demonstrated
that as far as its requirements regarding
safety are concerned, it is an improvement on
previous laws, as the number of accidents was reduced
more than 15 per cent., and as far as the
increased cost of operation is concerned, it may
be said that the operators have meet the requirements
of the law with a promptness and completeness
most commendable.
The number of employes in the bituminous region
was 182,6S0; the number of fatal accidents
was 457, a decrease of 78 from the previous year.
The tonnage produced per fatal accident was 368.-
360, an increase of 92,264 tons. This production
per life lo;-t has not been equaled since 1888.
Under the new code the number of inspectors in
the bituminous region has been increased and the
operators have almost doubled the number of as
sistant mine foremen, which affords more protection
and more thorough inspection of the mines
and will, no doubt, add greatly to the safety of
mining operations.
The production in the anthracite region in 1912
was 84,258,127 net tons, a decrease of 6,659,049
net tons from the preceding year, due to the suspension
of operations in April and May pending a
*Advance figures from the Report of the Pennsylvania
Department of Mine*, for 1912.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
settlement cf the wage agreement. The number
of employes was 175,964; the number of fatal accidents
was 593, a decrease of 106 from 1911. The
number of fatal accidents in 1911, however, was
unusual, as 79 lives were lost that year in mine
fires. The tonnage produced per fatal accident
was 142,088. an increase of 12,021 tons over 1911.
If tbe propose; 1 , code for tbe anthracite region
to be presented to the present legislature shoulu
become a law, it is believed that it will further
add to the safety of mining in that region.
In both regions during the past few years there
has been a marvelous advance and improvement
in the equipment of the mines. Every approved
safety device has been adopted and every intelligent
means is being taken to safeguard human
life. Tbe equipment of Pennsylvania mines, tbe
facilities for the extraction of coal and methods
of operation, together with the advanced legislation
now in force relating to the mines, place the
state ahead of any other mining territory in the
world.
GAS, OIL AND COAL MEN NAMED TO
CONSIDER DRILLING THROUGH MINES.
A conference of gas officials of Pittsburgh, called
Feb. 17. to select a committee to confer with other
committees on the best methods for boring through
coal, named W. L. McCloy of the Philadelphia Co.,
W. B. Layton of the Manufacturers Light & Heat
Co., and John G. Pew of the Peoples Natural Gas
Co. as the men to represent the gas interests of the
city.
At a meeting held Feb. 18, the oil men named
Messrs. John Worthington, E. E. Croker and A. I,.
Gill as their representatives.
In addition to these State Geologists Dr. I. C.
White of West Virginia, Richard Rice of Pennsylvania,
and F. W. DeWolf of Illinois, Chief State
Mine Inspectors James E. Roderick of Pennsylvania,
and John Laing of West Virginia, and former
Chief Inspector George Harrison of Ohio have
been asked to serve on the committee.
A request was recently made by the United
States government, asking all coal, gas and oil
men of the Pittsburgh district to select representative
bodies to meet with a committee of the government
Bureau of Mines, when methods for boring
for oil and gas through coal will be recommended
and considered.
The county commissioners of Lackawanna
county. Pa., have decided to continue the assessment
of $150 per foot acre on coal lands in the
county, and are now hearing appeals of the companies
from the assessments.

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WEST VIRGINIA STRIKE SITUATION I S
QUIET AND THE DECISION OF THE
COURT IS NOW BEING LOOKED FOR.
The situation in the West Virginia strike field
is quiet just now, the National Guard being in
control and martial law prevails throughout the
troubled district.
The Supreme court of the state has the habeas
corpus proceedings instituted by tie attorneys
lor tbe miners accused of crimes and held by the
military, under consideration, ancl until it renders
its decision, there is not likely to be any change
in the situation.
Fel). 15 was characterized by a fusilade fired by
strikers at the camp at Ohley, but no damage was
clone. The same day the legislature passed a concurrent
resolution pledging the support of both
branches to tne governor in the use of all necessary
means to restore order and to command respect
for the law in the coal fields. The resolution
deplores the state of lawlessness and prac
tical anarchy that exists in tne Paint Creek and
Tallin Creek districts of Kanawha county, in which
a number of persons have been killed.
Feb. 15 reports were prevalent that a number
of the men under arrest had confessed to the
parts they took in the shootings and other disturbances,
but no verification of the report was
had at that time.
Feb. 17 on petition of the mine workers the
state supreme court issued a writ of habeas corpus
ordering Gov. William E. Glasscock, Adjt.
Gen. Charles D. Elliott, Maj. James I. Pratt, president,
and the four other members of the military
commission appointed to try cases in the martial
law district, to produce in court "Mother" Jones,
Paul J. Paulson. Charles Boswell and Charles Bartlaw,
for whom the writs were asked, while the
right of the military commission to try persons
arrested outside of martial law territory should
be argued and determined. In the meantime
the military commission postponed its sittings.
Feb. IS witnessed the destruction by fire of the
tipple of the M. B. Coal Co. at Elk Ridge, in Fayette
county, and within the martial law territory,
causing a loss of $40,000. The fire is believed to
have been of incendiary origin.
Feb. 19 many of the mines in -the Paint, Cabin
and Smithers Creek districts that had been idle
since the recent outbreak began operations again.
The same day, early in the morning incendiaries
set fire to the house occupied by Major J. B.
Payne, at Dakota, in the Cabin Creek martial law
district. The house and two adjoining, all coal
r -ompany property, fell prey to the flames, entailing
a loss of $3,000. Major and Mrs. Payne
had a narrow escape.
On the same date Senator William E. Borah, of
Idaho, introduced a resolution in the U. S. Senate
authorizing the appointment of a committee of
three senators to investigate conditions in the
strike distiict. The committee would be expected
to report on: Whether a system of peonage is
maintained; whether access to postoffices is prevented,
and if so by whom; whether our treaty
obligations with other countries are being violated
and if so by whom; the causes leading up
to such conditions; whether or not the commissioner
of labor or other government officials can
be of service in adjusting such strike, and finally
whether miners are being convicted and punished
in violation of the laws of the United States.
The military authorities at Paint Creek Junction
announced Feb. 20 that of the 128 prisoners
who were arrested during the rioting in the strike
zone, investigation showed that 50 of them had
taken no part in the disturbances and they had
been released. There are, however, over 70 persons
still under guard to be tried by the military
commission for various alleged crimes, in the
event of the supreme court deciding they are not
entitled to a trial by the civil authorities.
Attorneys for the miners under arrest instituted
habeas corpus proceedings before the state
supreme court, and on Feb. 25 the court ruled
that the military authorities should produce the
defendants in court Feb. 26, while the arguments
in the case were heard.
SUIT AGAINST ANTHRACITE ROAD
IS DISMISSED BY U. S. COURT.
Unless new proceedings are instituted, the effort
of the government to break up the so-called "Anthracite
trust" came to an end Feb. 19, when, on
application of counsel for the government, the
United States court at Philadelphia dismissed the
suit of tbe United States against the Philadelphia
& Reading Railway Co., in which it was charged
the company was violating the "commodities
clause" of the railway rate law. The government
claimed the railroad company was violating
that section of tbe law which forbids a line from
transporting commodities in which the company
bad an interest. The government sought an injunction
restraining the railroad from transporting
coal dug from its own mines and in this connection
named as co-defendant the allied interests
of the railroad company.
The order of the court was issued by Judge
J. E. Sater, of Ohio, who is sitting in place of
a judge who is ill. In his order dismissing the
suit the judge says it is without prejudice and
will not prevent the government from bringing
another action on the same lines.

ABOLITION OF COMPANY STORES DEMAND­
ED B Y PITTSBURGH MINERS BEFORE
ENTERING ANOTHER WAGE CONTRACT
—MITCHELL AND WHITE ADDRESS THE
CONVENTION.
The United Mine Workers of the Pittslmrgli
District No. 5 held their 24th annual convention
in Pittsburgli, Feb. 18 to 22 inclusive, ancl about
200 delegates were in attendance. They voted
for the abolition of the company stores before
entering another wage contract and wrote a recall
clause into their constitution, and enacted much
other union legislation.
Following the organization of tbe convention
President Van Bittner read his report, in which
he gave a history of the last wage agreement and
the benefits resulting therefrom; of the strikes
at Kaylor ancl other places in the district and
their adjustment ancl of the efforts being made
in West Virginia to unionize the coal fields of that
state. Speaking of tbe increase in membership
in District No. 5, from 17,591 in 1903 to 33,151 in
1912, he said the total paid-up membership in
December last was 40,508. He also advocated the
assessment and collection of 20 cents per month
to be held as a defense fund.
Vice President Pritchard read his report in
which he spoke of agreements made with operating
companies after the adjournment of the joint
conference.
Secretary-Treasurer Wood in his report showed
a total income for the district during 1912 of
$33,895.45 and the expenses were $13,442.31, which
left a net balance in the treasury on the first of
January of this year of $18,457.74. Six new
locals were organized in the district during 1912.
The average paid-up membership for that year
was 30,998, which was an increase over 1911 of
2,963. The total average for the year, including
members exonerated, was 33,151.
Former International President John Mitchell
was present and addressed the convention.
Among other things for the good of the organization
he said:
"The one thing that, the miners fought for for
for 40 years, 30 of which I can remember, was the
right to make a contract. I dare say that onehalf
of the miners in this convention can remember
the time when they would rather have accepted
recognition of the union than have gotten an
advance in wages; is not that true? In mv own
experience as an official I have had. committees in
the newly-organized fields make the proposition to
the mine owners: 'We will not expect you to give
an advance in wages, which you are willing to do,
if you will only recognize our union.' The recognition
of the union means the contract of the
union; that is what it means. To recognize a
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
union is to make a contract with it. So do not
let anyone persuade you that contracts are not
the best, because if you ever give up your contracts
the mine owners will at once start to lick
you here and there all around; they will lick you
in places, one little bunch at a time; then another,
and if you haven't a contract they will lick
\ou all together."
International Secretary Edwin Perry appeared
before the delegates and said the object of his
visit to the district was the adjustment and collection
of money due from certain locals on account
of national assessments made in 1910 and
1911. He said there were 104 locals in District
5 which owed, according to the books, about $46,-
000; at least 85 per cent, of the locals had paid
ancl few. if anv, districts had done better, in the
main, than District 5. Of the amount unpaid
some locals owed as small an amount as $4.50 ancl
the highest was over $5,000.
At the second day's sessions International President
John P. White addressed the convention and
outlined the strength of the organization, after
which he said:
"Organizing West Virginia is a prime necessity.
not only to the Pittsburgh miners but also to
those of the central competitive field. West Virginia
now ranks as the second coal producing
state in the Union, surpassing the great state of
Illinois and following the production of Pennsylvania."
He then told of the organization being able to
negotiate an agreement in the Kanawha Valley,
W. Va., and the beginning of the strike in the
Paint and Cabin Creek districts and said the International
organization lent its support to the
strike.
President White spoke of the situation south
of the Ohio river, in Tennessee and Alabama.
where he had lately been in the interests of the
organization. He also reviewed the history of
the three years' strike in Colorado, and predicted
ultimate victory for the miners.
Resolutions condemnatory of the State Police,
favorable to the proposed workmen's compensation
law, and favoring biennial conventions were
adopted. A resolution ca 7 ling for a strike in the
Pittsburgh district in sympathy with the West
Virginia miners was lost after a warm debate. A
resolution providing for an examination for checkweighmen
met the same fate.
At the third day's sessions a resolution that this
convention "condemn and abolish all company
stores and that no future wage agreement in our
district shall be considered until the above demands
be complied with," was adopted.
A resolution that met with unanimous favor and
was adopted without debate read:

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"During the recent past there have passed from
among us to their last resting places two very
distinguished members of the United Mine Workers
of America, namely, Patrick Dolan and John
A. Cairns, who, in former years, was honored by
the membership in this district in being chosen
for leadership of District No. 5; and, in view of
the valuable and splendid services rendered to the
Mine Workers of this district and to and of the
entire country, in blazing the way tbrough the
wilderness of unorganized miners, and their untiring
efforts and self-sacrifice, succeeded in establishing
the United Mine Workers of America;
iherefore, be it
"Resolved, that this convention authorize the
District Executive Board to have erected suitable
memorials in memory of these deceased brothers."
When the convention took up the reports of the
officers Delegate Chariton offered a criticism on
the outside day wage scale as adopted on the Ellsworth
branch in that it seemed to lower the
standard of wages in the district, as the wages
paid under it were less than were paid in Ohio
and some other places, and he thought it desirable
to have throughout District 5 as high a standard
as prevailed anywhere else. Delegates from the
Ellsworth Branch said the outside day wage scale
was entirely satisfactory and they would not willingly
give it up. It was then explained hy officials
of the organization that it was merely an
"entering wedge" for, or a reasonable hope that
it might lead to the securinc of a uniform outside
wage scale fir the entire district at the next wage
conference.
The convention voted approval of a recommendation
to orsanize tbe non-union coal fields in the
Pittsburgh district. The district nresident recommended
that a special "defense fund" assessment
of one-half of 1 per cent, be levied and the convention
approved this.
At the final day's session an amendment to the
constitution was adopted providing that District
No. 5. of tbe Urited Mine Workers of America,
amend section No. 30. of article No. 11 of the constitution
so that on a signed petition cf 10 per
cent, of the membership to the executive hoard an
officer could be given notice of proceedings recalling
him from office; that at the expiration of
30 davs the executive board, on receiving an additional
petition, sicnod bv 30 per cent, of the members
of the district, shall set a time for a vote to
be taken on the recall of the official. This brought
on a debate, hut was adopted hy the convention.
The Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation Feb.
17 fired 400 coke ovens at its No. 10 mine at
Gallitzin, Pa. They have been idle some weeks
for repairs.
PROPOSED ANTHRACITE WEIGHING BILL.
The following is the text of the bill introduced
into the Pennsylvania legislature relative to
weighing of anthracite at the mines:
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and
House of Representatives of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met and it
is hereby enacted by the authority of the same,
that every person, partnership and corporation
engaged in the mining of anthracite coal in this
Commonwealth shall provide at each respective
mine standard scales for weighing the coal mined
therein and the coal of each miner shall be separately
and accurately weighed on said scales before
said coal is dumped from the car on which
it was loaded by said miner in the mine. A
separate and accurate account shall be kept by
the owner or operator of such mine, of the number
of tons or fractional part thereof, of coal
mined by each miner as aforesaid and the miners
in each mine shall have the right to employ, at
their own expense and keep at each of said scales
a weighmaster to inspect said scales and to keep
an account of the number of tons or fractional
parts thereof of coal mined by each miner. The
miners at each mine shall be paid at a rate per
ton as may be mutually agreed upon between the
miners and owners or operators or their representatives
for all coal mined. Twenty-two hundred
and forty pounds shall constitute a ton and the
said ton shall be the basis from which to calculate
the earnings at all mines.
Section 2. If any such person, partnership or
corporation shall neglect or refuse to comply with
the provisions of this act, be or they so neglecting
or refusing shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and
upon conviction thereof shall for each dav's violation
of this act be sentenced to pay a fine of one
hundred dollars.
Section 3. This act shall not prevent the making
of any contract between the owner or operator
of any mine and the miners employed therein as
to the compensation of such miners.
Section 4. This act shail not go into effect until
one hundred and twenty days after its approval
by the Governor.
Section 5. All laws or parts of laws inconsistent
herewith be and the same are hereby repealed.
Bureau of Mines Rescue Car No. 2. with headquarters
at Denver, Col. is now on a trip through
tbe mining region of Colorado and New Mexico.
Tbe itinerary includes Madrid. N. M. (Albuquerque
& Cerillos Coal Co.") from March 2 to March 8;
Uartbage. N. M. (Carthage Fuel Co.) from March
9 to March 15; Gallup. N. M. (Diamond Coal Co.
and Victor-American Fuel Co.) from March 16 to
April 5.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
WORK OF KEYSTONE MINING INSTITUTE COMMENDED AND
ENCOURAGED BY COL. L. B. HUFF
The fourth annual banquet of the Keystone Mining
Institute at Greensburg, Pa., Feb. 15, was
exceptional in that it gave only a short quarter
of an hour to consideration of the glorious uplifting
work of its organization, and the rest of
the evening to a good dinner and song and story.
Withal, it was a most profitable and enjoyable
evening to members and guests alike. The membership
of the institute comprises operating officials
and responsible employes of the Keystone
Coal & Coke Co., including inspectors, superintendents,
foremen, fire bosses and others. Members
and their guests brought together over 200
banqueters.
A letter from Col. Lloyd B. Huff, president of
the Keystone Ccal & Coke Co., was read by Mr.
William Nisbet, president of the institute. This
was presented because of inability of Col. Huff to
attend as speaker of the evening through pressing
business away from home. The letter struck the
keynote in inspiring style for "safety first" in the
mines and dealt with and commended briefly the
work of the institute. With the enthusiastic
reception of this message the business of the evening
was at an end, after Toastmaster Nisbet had
spoken a word of endorsement and to rally all
members to keep at their work of advancement.
Col. Huff's letter was as follows:
To Mr. William Nisbet, President,
And to the members of the Keystone Mining
Institute, Greensburg, Pa.
Gentlemen:—It was very disappointing to me
to learn that I must be away on important business
Saturday next, thus making it impossible for
me to be with you at your fourth annual banquet.
The opportunity to meet with ycu all together
comes rarely, and it would have been a pleasure
for me to have responded to your committee's request
to tell you what your company deems of first
importance in the management of its mines; but
since I cannot tell you personally, I will take
advantage of Mr. Nisbet's suggestion to write you
a letter embodying in general your company's
ideas for the management of its properties, both
above and below the ground.
I renew the pledge I made you last year, that
the Keystone Coal & Coke Co. will co-operate with
you in every way in your valauble work looking
to safe, harmonious and economical mining. It
should be needless for me to repeat what I have
said to you before on similar occasions, that
safety should be uppermost in your minds at all
times, and that the motto of your organization
should be "Accidents can be averted by intelligent
supervision." It should oe absolutely intolerable
to you to have it said that "the large
proportion of accidents is caused by dereliction
of duty, by the failure of some responsible employe
to perform an essential duty at a critical
time." If at any time you are in doubt, it is
your duty to take the safe side, thereby helping to
reduce the chances of human error to a minimum.
Remember, at all times, the safety of your fellow
employes must tie your first consideration, and
your bounden duty.
Safety and economy are both predicated upon
harmony, for to be harmonious means to be
agreed in action and in feeling. To you men we
look for all things that, go for ultimate success,
and we have never yet found you wanting. It
is my pleasure, and my pride, to tell you that our
ideas of proper management are founded upon
your work in the past; but it seems to me that
sometimes we all lack that spirit of confidence
and satisfaction that invariably goes with woik
well done. Harmony all along tne line will
quicken your inteiest, and is a sure cure for
apathy. If we will but stop a moment to think
that this oid machine of ours will surely go on,
with us or without us, we will find ourselves
seeking for a new grip on things. All the members
of your institute hold positions of responsibility,
which means that you are men of ability;
and I would remind you that an able man shows
bis spirit by temperate words and resolute actions—and
your actions, and your actions alone,
determine your worth. To preserve harmony a
man must require only just and reasonable things.
Bad rules and regulations, like bad laws, are
simply tyranny and breed sedition. Never correct
small faults with intemperate language; to
find fault is easy, to do better may be difficult.
Be just and complaints of subordinates will be
few. Of course, you cannot always do what is
asked of you by your feilow employes, but you
can always speak obligingly. "Manner is one of
the greatest engines of influence ever given to
man."
I heartily congratulate you upon the progress
you have made during the past year, more particularly
your marked success in first aid work
and mine rescue work inaugurated by your institute.
The remarkable public exhibition by the
first aid teams and the rescue squads last June,
following your extraordinary parade through the
streets of Greensburg. was a revelation to the

28
officers of your company, as well as to this community.
All this was made possible by your
work.
I know you will have an enjoyable evening, and
1 tender you the best wishes and sincere thanks
of the Keystone Coal & Coke Co.
Faithfully yours,
L. B. HUFF, President.
The banquet took place at the New Fisher House,
where the hospitable boniface, P. J. McFarland,
provided an excellent dinner. When cigars were
aglow and Col. Huff's letter bad been received witli
resounding applause the toastmaster opened the
evening's rollicking entertainment by introducing
Mr. L, Bamett, who told some rattling good sidesplitting
stories. Mr. Soi Levine of tbe Shubert
quartet, sang well. Mr. John H. Taylor, a fire boss,
gave a natural and well-received rendition of
"The Morning After," and other members of the
institute contributed to the fun. Ihe St. Clair
orcnestra of Greensburg rendered good, entertaining
music. The wholesome frolic ended just
three boms after the diners sat down at table.
Among tbe guests present were:
Messrs. F. B. Miller, assistant to president, K.
C. & C. Co.; H. F. Bovard, general superintendent,
K. C. & C. Co.; F. W. Frazier, chief accountant,
K. C. & C. Co.; A. N. Pershing, R. G. Mangold,
Dr. Offut, W. S. Rial, E. M. Gross. H. Burket,
Dr. John J. Singer, Robert Morris, W. H. Henderson,
Supt. Crow's Nest mine. K. C. & C. Co.;
Col. M. F. Null, C. M. Bomberger, Grant Davidson,
all of Greensburg, and C. B. Rcss, mine inspector,
Second bituminous distiict, Latrobe; Arthur
Neale, mine inspector, Eighteenth bituminous
district, Irwin; R. W. Mason, Pittsburgh;
Dr. Stockbergcr, Herminie; D. R. Blower, mine
inspector Eleventh bituminous district, Scottdale;
Dr. C. M. Sloan, Darragh; Dr. Highberger, Claridge;
Dr. J. D. Greaves. New Alexandria; H. J.
Straub, Pittsburgh; Senator Chester Sensenich,
Irwin; A. P. Cameron, general superintendent
Westmoreland Coal Co., Irwin; E. E. Hewitt, Supt.
Pittsburgh & Baltimore Coal Co.. Edna No. 2,
Wendel; R. P. Lohm, Pittsburgh.
Institute members present included Messrs H. H.
Null, Samuel Alwine, A. B. Blackburn, William
Page, John Costible, Hugh Campbell, George
Weigbtman, Charles Daily, Roebrl Kane, Wits.
Conners, James Dawson, P. H. Keys, R. Beacuni,
M. Seinsions, J. C. Shrader, Robert Laney, James
M. Mahon, Edward Bytheway, Charles Holger, William
Potts, George Sammer, William Watt, Oswald
Lawson, J. H. McCutcheon, Jack Swift, G. Wenschenker,
William Hart, T. F. Cook, Patty Britt,
Hugh Maguire, Peter Rhodes. Jos. Shergle, F. W.
Heefner, G. B. Ross, A. 0. Jones, M. Maxwell, Dave
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Clark. L. H. Woodward, Charles McGill, William
Gergin, A. W. White, Sam Campbell. R. Weightman,
William Eustis, R. J. Turney, Jos. Kistler.
Jos. D. Wentling. Layman Hanger, Nels. Michelson,
Earl Frye, J. A. Willis, L. L. Garlow, B. Giran,
Jos. Logan, Harry Luigle, C. Burry, Sr., Thomas
Smith, Alex. Duncan, Andrew Duncan, William
Uaughlin, Edward Hall, Henry Euz, John Baker,
E. C. Taylor, Mike Adams, James Stean, Martin
Shopsky, William Nisbet. J. Hunt, W. R. Richards,
George Holbert, Addison Errett, Clark Riddle, John
Hilwig, Wm. Alarbeit, C. P. Markle, Jos. Weightman,
H. Anderson, Jake Kurtz, Albert Eustis,
William Carver, Edward Howell, John S. Taylor,
Joe Marks, George Orr, lames Duncan, Archie
Kelly, Gusti Erickson, P. B. Walker, Sam. Koch,
George Morman, Jus. Adams. R. Harrison, William
McDonald. Isaac Leanerd, H. S. Laughlin, William
Kull, R. S. Blystone, Henry Neal, Harry Taylor,
James Morris, John Michie, E. Tbornblade, J. J.
Janeway, R. M. Goehring, James Smith, D. H.
Lenian, Jos. McGill, Craig Brinkley, William Snedden,
A. M. Akey, John Strausser, Charles Greese,
Samuel Smith, William Conners, Harry Huhn, R.
\V. Sterrett, Henry Wclty, Charles Shaw, H. L.
Good, William Henry, George Wagner. Jam.es Nisbet,
T, R. Johns, George Harrison, Jesse Shaw,
William Thomas, Aug. Steiner, L. C. Garland,
Steve Vaselchuch, Frank Syrfoes. Clarence Laughler,
Samuel Alwine, Jr.. John E. Barket, H. T.
Knight, Peter Lawson, James G. Wilson, H. Folk,
G. W. Hutchinson, George J. Loughran, Hemy Sarver.
The officers of tbe institute arc as follows:
William Nisbet, president; James Duncan, vice
president; George J. Loughran, corresponding secretary,
and Jacob Kunlz, financial secretary.
LEHIGH COAL AND NAVIGATION COMPANY'S
REPORT SHOWS FALLING OFF IN RE­
VENUE.
The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. reports for
the year ended Dec. 31, 1912, show:
1912. Changes.
Gross revenue $13,802,437 Inc. $128,660
Operating expenses 9,652,557 Inc. 453,573
Net revenue $4,209,880 Dec. $32,913
Interest, taxes, etc 1,521,623 Inc. 81,200
Balance $2,688,257 Dec. $406,113
Depreciation 400,000 Inc. 15,000
Balance $2,2SS,257 Dec. $421,113
Dividends 2,124.636 Inc. 96,440
Surplus $1&3,621 Dec. $517,553

PROPOSED LAW CREATING TWO
MINING DISTRICTS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The following is the text of the bill introduced
into the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania,
by Representative Donahoe, and referred to tbe
committee on mines and mining:
AN ACT
Dividing the State of Pennsylvania into two
coal mining districts, fixing the qualifications for
Inspector of Mines in the anthracite mining district,
abolishing the Board of Examiners and Examination
for Inspector of Mines, providing for
the election of one chief in each district, empowering
the chiefs to name their assistants and fixing
their salaries and expenses.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and
House of Representatives of the Commonwealth ot
Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and it is
hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That
the State of Pennsylvania be divided into coal
mining districts as follows: That part of the
State in which bituminous coal is mined to be
known as the "Bituminous Mining District" and
that part of the State in which anthracite coal is
mined to be known as the "Anthracite Mining District,"
both distiicts to be under the supervision of
the Department of Mines.
Section 2. From and after the passage of this
act, any person shall be eligible for election to the
office of Inspector of Mines in the anthracite mining
district who shall be a citizen of the State of
Pennsylvania not less than 30 years nor more than
60 year's of age at the time of his election, shall
have not less than 10 years practical experience
as a miner in mines where noxious and explosive
gases are involved and shall have a mine fore
man's certificate granted to him in accordance
with the provisions of article eight or the act
approved June 2, 1891, and WHO has been employed
in or about a coal mine within five years prior
to his election to the office of Inspector of Mines.
The Board of Examiners for Inspectors of Mines
and the examinations provided for by article two
of the act approved June 2, 1891, are hereby abolished.
Section 3. There shall be two chief officers of
the Department of Mines, one to be denominated
"Chief of the Bituminous Mining District" and
the other to be denominated "Chief of the Anthracite
Mining District." The Chief of the Bituminous
Mining District shall be elected by the
qualified electors of the counties of Washington,
Westmoreland, Mercer, Clearfield, Fayette, Cambria,
Allegheny, Centre, Blair, Jefferson, Armstrong
and Somerset at the State election to be held on
the Tuesday after the first Monday of November,
A. D. 1914, for the term of four years or until his
successor has duly qualified. The Chief of the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
Anthracite Mining District shall be elected by the
qualified electors of tne counties of Susquehanna,
Wayne, Luzerne, Lackawanna, Carbon, Schuylkill.
Northumberland. Columbia, Dauphiu and Sullivan
at the State election to be held on the Tuesday
after the first Monday of November, A. D. 191-1,
lor tbe term of four years or until his successor
has duly qualified; each of said chiefs of the Department
of Mines to receive an annual salary of
five thousand dollars ($5,000.00) and necessary
office and traveling expenses and in case of a vacancy
by death, resignation or othei wise, the State
Inspectors of Mines of each district shall fill said
vacancy by electing one of the State Inspectors of
Mines of said district to hold the office until the
next general election.
Section 4. The chiefs of the Department of
Mines shall be competent persons having at least
10 years practical experience as miners in mines
where noxious and explosive gases are involved;
they shall be citizens of the State of Pennsylvania,
shall be not less than 30 nor more than 60 years
of age at the time of their election and shall have
mine foreman's certificates granted in accordance
with the provisions of article eight of the act approved
the second day of June, A. D. 1891, entitled
"An act to provide for the health and safety
of persons employed in and about the anthracite
mines," et cetera. The chiefs of the Department
of Mines so elected shall, before entering upon the
duties of their office, take and subscribe to the
oath of office prescribed by the Constitution, the
same to be filed in the office of the Secretary of
the Commonwealth and to give to the Commonwealth
a bond in the penal sum of five thousand
dollars ($5,000) with surety to be approved by the
Governor, conditioned upon the faithful discharge
of the duties of their office.
Section 5. It shall be the duty of the chiefs
of the department to devote the whole of their
time to the duties of their office and to see that
the mining laws of the State are faithfully executed
and for this purpose they are hereby invested
with the same power and authority as inspectors
of mines, to enter, inspect and examine
any mine or colliery within the State, and the
works and machinery connected therewith, and
to give such aid and instruction to the inspectors
of mines from time to time as they may deem
best calculated to protect the health and promote
the safety of all persons employed in and about
the mines; and each of the chiefs of the Department
of Mines shall have the power to suspend
any inspector of mines in his district for any
neglect of duty and such suspended inspector of
mines shall have the right to appeal to the Governor,
who shall be empowered to approve such
suspension or restore such suspended inspector of

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
mines to duty after investigating the cause which
led to such suspension. Should either of the
chiefs of the Department of Mines receive information,
by petittion, signed by 10 or more miners
or three or more inspectors in such chief's district,
setting forth that any of the inspectors of
mines in his district are neglectful of ihe duties
of their office or are physically unable to perform
the duties of their office or are guilty of malfeasance
in office, he shail at once investigate the
matter and if he shall be satisfied that the charge
or charges are well founded he shall then petition
the court of common pleas or the judge in chambers
in any county within or partly within the
inspection district ot said inspector of mines,
which court, upon receipt of said petition and a
report of Lie character ot the charges and testimony
produced, shall at once issue a citation in
the name of the Commonwealth to the said inspector
of mines to appear on not less than 15
days' notice on a fixed day, before said court at
which time the court shall proceed to inquire into
the allegations of the petitioners and may require
the attendance of such witnesses on the subpoena
issued and served by the proper officer or officers
as the judge of the court and the chiefs of said
department may deem necessary in the case.
The inspector under investigation shall, also, have
similar power and authority to compel the attendance
of witnesses in his behalf. If the court
shall find by said investigation that the said inspector
of mines is guilty of neglecting his official
duties or is physically incompetent to perform the
duties of his office or is guilty of malfeasance in
office, the said court shall certify the same to the
Governor, who shall declare the office vacant and
shall proceed to supply the vacancy as provided
by the mining laws of the State. The cost of such
investigation shall, if the charges are sustained,
be imposed upon the deposed Inspector of Mines,
but if the charges are not sustained the costs shall
be paid out of the State Treasury upon voucher
or vouchers duly certified by said chief of department.
Section 6. It shall be the duty of the chiefs of
the Department of Mines to take charge of and
preserve in their offices the annual reports of the
Inspectors of Mines in their respective districts
and transmit a synopsis of them, together with
such statistical data compiled therefrom and other
work of the department as may be of public interest,
properly addressed to the Governor to be
transmitted to the General Assembly of this Commonwealth
on or before the fifteenth day of March
in each year. It shall also be the duty of the
chiefs of the Department of Mines to see that said
reports are placed in the hands of the public
printer for publication on or before the first day
of April in each year, said reports to be published
under the direction of the chiefs of the Department
of Mines. In order that the chiefs of the
said department may be able to piepare, compile
and transmit a synopsis of their annual reports
to the Governor within the time herein specified,
the inspectors of mines are hereby required to
deliver their annual reports to the chiefs of said
department on or before the twentieth day of February
in each year. In addition to the annual
report herein required the inspectors of mines
shall furnish to the chiefs ot the Department, of
Mines, in their respective districts, monthly reports,
also such special information on any subject
regarding mine accidents or other matters
pertaining to mining interests or the safety of persons
employed in or about the mines as they at
any time may require or may deem necessary in
the proper and lawful discharge of their official
duties. The chief of each district shall also establish,
as far as may be practicable, a uniform
style and size of blanks for the annual monthly
and special reports for the inspectors of mines in
his district and prescribe the form of subject matter
to be embraced in the text and the tabulated
statements of their reports.
Section 7. The board for the examination ot
applicants for mine foreman and assistant mine
foreman in the anthracite mines, the board for the
examination of applicants for first ancl second
grade certificates in the bituminous mines and
the board styled, "Mine Examining Board," for
the examination of applicants for certificates of
competency as miners, shall send to the chiefs of
the Department of Mines duplicates of the manuscripts
and all other papers of applicants, together
with the tally sheets and the solution of each
question given by the examining board in each district,
which shall be filed in the department as
public documents.
Section 8. Certificates of qualification for mine
foremen and assistant mine foremen in the anthracite
mines and first and second grade certificates
for mine foremen in the bituminous mines
shall be granted by the chiefs of their respectivedistricts
to each applicant who has passed a successful
examination in his district. The certificate
shall be in manner and form as shall be pre
scribed by the chiefs of the Depaitment of Mines
and a record of all certificates granted shall be
kept in the department. Each certificate shall
contain the full name, age and place of birth of
the applicant and. also the length and nature of
his previous service in the mines. Before the
certificates aforesaid shall be granted to mine
foremen, assistant mine foremen, foremen of the
first grade and foremen of the second grade, each
applicant for the same shall pay the sum of three

dollars to the chief of the Department of Mines;
the money so received, less the cost of issuing and
recording certificates, shall be turned over in due
form to the State Treasury.
Section 9. The chiefs of the Department of
Mines shall each keep in the department a journal
or record of all inspections, examinations and
work done under his administration in his district
and copies of all official communications and
is hereby authorized to procure such hooks, instruments
and chemicals or other tests as may be
found necessary to the proper discharge of their
duties under this act at the expense of the State;
all instruments, plans, hooks and records pertaining
to the office shall be the property of the State
and shall be delivered to their successors in office.
Section 10. Each of the chiefs of the Department
of Mines is hereby empowered to name an
assistant at a salary of sixteen hundred dollars
($1,600.00) per annum, two clerks each at a salary
of twelve hundred dollars ($1,200.00) per annum,
one stenographer at a salary of ten hundred dollars
($1,000.00) per annum and one messenger
at a salary of nine hundred dollars ($900.00) per
annum, provided, further, that the salaries of the
chiefs of the Department of Mines, the assistants,
clerks, stenographers and messengers shall be paid
out of the State Treasury on the warrant of the
Auditor General.
Section 11. No person who is acting as foreman,
superintendent, land agent, manager, viewer
or agent of any mine or colliery shall at the time
serve as chief of the Department of Mines under
the provisions of this act.
Section 12. AH acts or parts of acts inconsistent
with this act be and the same are hereby repealed.
BUREAU OF MINES BILL SIGNED.
President Taft on Feb. 25 signed a bill which
defines more clearly the functions and broadens
the scope of the Federal Bureau of Mines. This
act is the first general recognition by the Federal
Government of all branches of the mining industry,
according to Representative Foster, chairman
of the House Committee on Mines and Mining.
"The Bureau of Mines retains its original name
under tbe law," he said, "but it becomes a bureau
of mining, metallurgy, and mineral technology,
and this language represents the wider scope of
the new organization."
The purposes of the new organization are better
to safeguard the lives of the men engaged in hazardous
occupations, to prevent unnecessary waste
of natural resources and to aid in the general upbuilding
of mining.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
fl CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT (
The Panama Canal Commission will shortly invite
bids for coal bunkers to be built at each end
of the canal. The bunkers on the Atlantic side
will store 200,000 tons of coal, and those on the
Pacific side are calculated for 100,000 tons. Steel
construction is to be used, and the bunkers will
be so built as to be sunk under water in order
better to preserve the coal.
Directors of the Clinchfield Coal Corporation
have approved plans for the large coal piers to be
built at Charleston, S. C, and authorized the work
to be done. Plans call for the most modern coal
handling plant in the world. A conveying belt
system will be used. Storage will be provided
for over 300,000 tons, also to be handled by belt
conveyors.
Whitney & Kemmerer plan to make considerable
improvements in their properties in Wise county,
W. Va., known as the Wise Coal & Coke Co., and
the Sutherland Coal & Coke Co. Mr. James H.
Allport will direct the installation of much new
equipment and mining machinery.
The Provident Coke & Mining Co. will increase
the capacity of its mine at Kelly's Station, Pa.,
from 500 tons per day to 2,000 tons per day. Thecompany's
office is at Connellsville, Pa., and Arthur
R. Miller and Francis M. Ritchey, Jr., are the
managers.
The Mineral Fuel Co., in which Messrs. James
O. Watson and A. B. Fleming of Fairmont, W. Va.,
are interested, will develop 4,500 acres of coal
lands in Letcher county, Ky., and will spend $250,-
000 in opening mines, building houses, etc.
The Altoona Northern railroad will build a spur
to connect with the Pennsylvania railroad at
Juniata, Pa., and thus secure an outlet for its
coal to eastern markets.
The Ohio Cannel Coal Co., Warsaw, O., will spend
$50,000 in improving its mines. Judge G. Bambaugh,
Ripley, O., is actively interested in the
company.
The Lindsey Coal Mining Co., Punxsutawney,
Pa., will develop 250 acres of coal at Horatio, Pa.,
recently acquired.
The McConnell Coal Co., Reynoldsville, Pa., is
developing a tract of coal at Sugar Hill, near Reynoldsville.
The Stonega Coal & Coke Co. has ordered 16
electric mine locomotives and 525 mine cars for
its operations.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PENNSYLVANIA COAL PRODUCTION
BY COMPANIES FOR 1912.
SECONn ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Delaware & Hudson Co 1,813,995
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Co 813,176
Scranton Coal Co 753,594
Sterrick Creek Coal Co 459,0-31
Lackawanna Coal Co., Ltd 328.883
Mt. Jessup Coal Co., Ltd 240,274
Moosic Mountain Coal Co 201,141
Doipb Coal Co., Ltd 127.310
Total 4,737,404
THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
L. M. EVANS, Inspector.
Del.. Lack. & Westein R. R. Co 965,259
Pennsylvania Coal Co 873,245
Scranton Coal Co 657,983
Hudson Coal Co 598,154
Price-Pancoast Coal Co 584,981
Green Ridge Coal Co 102,619
Nay Aug Coal Co 98,361
Spencer Coal Co 56,621
Economy Heat, Light & Power Co 41,853
Carney & Brown Coal Co 31,606
Clearview Coal Co 27,528
Bulls Head Coal Co 27,371
No. 6 Coal Co 4,371
Total 4,069.955
SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
S. J. Pim.Lips, Inspector.
Pennsylvania Coal Co 2,820,530
Hudson Coal Co 609,524
Hillside Coal & Iron Co 544,971
Delaware & Hudson Co 196,213
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 530,014
Traders Coal Co 20,303
Yost Mining Co 13,218
Wilkes-Barre Colliery Co 11,087
McCaulley Coal Co 10,169
Total 4,756,029
NINTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
H. MCDONALD, Inspector.
Kingston Coal Co 1,157,016
Delaware & Hudson Co 1,121,690
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co 1,056,774
Del., Lack. & Western R. R. Co 1,030,635
Parrish Coal Co 466,039
Plymouth Coal Co 131,008
Geo. F. Lee Coal Co 100,357
West Nanticoke Coal Co 38,565
Bright Coal Co 18,675
Total 5,120,759
ELEVENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
D. T. DAVIS, Inspector.
G. B. Markle Co 1,109,468
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 1,007,226
Coxe Bros. & Co., Inc 852,719
Pardee Bros. & Co 565,466
A. Pardee & Co 521,503
C. M. Dodson & Co 351,750
Harwood Coal Co 220,477
rjpper Lehigh Coal Co 138,106
M. S. Kemmerer & Co 120,833
J. S. Wentz & Co 113,360
Hazle Mountain Coal Co 105,309
Harleigh Brookwood Coal Co 74.669
Wolf Coal Co 3-9,751
Thos. R. Reese & Son 5,558
Total 5,226,195
FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
DAVID J. RODERICK, Inspector.
Pittsburgh-Westmoreland Coal Co 1,969,620
Ellsworth Collieries Co 1,568.183
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 931,949
Pittsburg-Buffalo Co 551,570
Star Coal Co 222,668
Ollett Bros. Coal Co 55,576
Total 5,299,566
SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
ALEX. MCCANCH, Inspector.
Jamison Coal & Coke Co 2,403,120
Latrobe-Connellsville Coal & Coke Co... 1,038,952
Keystone Coal & Coke Co 801,382
Hostetter-Connellsville Coke Co 678,730
H. C. Frick Coke Co 559,063
New Alexandria Coke Co 415,272
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co 346,473
Latrobe Coal Co 298,241
Donohoe Coke Co 274,278
The Shenango Furnace Co 248.629
Loyalbanna Coal & Coke Co 207,80S
Greensburg-Connellsville Coal & Coke Co. 197,067
Mount Pleasant Coke Co 195,721
Ligonier Coal Co 148,571
Westmoreland-Connellsville Coal & Coke
Co 142,287
Whyel Coke Co 84,834
Ligonier Diamond Coal & Coke Co 83,073
Unity-Connellsville Coke Co 70,338

Fort Ligonier Coal Co 57,536
Unity Coal Co 56,232
Dornon Coal Co 40,450
South Fayette Coke Co 35,326
Marietta-Connellsville Coke Co 30,732
E. A. Humphries Coal & Coke Co 30,103
South Ligonier Coal Co 26,615
Bessemer Coke Co 17,743
Latrobe-Cresson Coal Co 16,898
Ramsey Coal Co 12,972
Saint Clair Coal Co 3,755
Total 8,521,201
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
Number of mines 54
Number of mines in operation 53
Number of Ions of coal shipped to market 4,530.637
Number of tons used at mines for steam
and heat 253,933
Number of tons sold to local trade and
used by employes 80,272
Number of tons used in the manufacture
of coke 3,656,359
Number of tons of coal producer: 8,521,201
Number of tons coke produced 2.395.393
Number of coke ovens 5,791
Number of coke ovens in operation 4,679
Number of tons of coal produced by pickmining
7,102,581
Number of tons produced by compressed
air machines 1.072,954
Number of tons produced by electrical
machines 345,666
Number of persons employed inside of
mines 5.472
Number of persons employed outside, including
coke workers 2,435
Number of persons employed at manufacture
of coke 1,450
Number of fatal accidents inside of mines 29
Number of fatal accidents outside 2
Number of non-fatal accidents inside of
mines 53
Number of non-fatal accidents outside. 3
Number of tons of coal produced per
fata! accident inside 293,834
Number of tons produced per fatal accident
outside 4,260,609
Number of tons produced per fatal accident
inside and outside 274.877
Number of persons employed per fatal
accident inside 188
Number of persons employed per fatal
accident outside 1,217
Number of persons employed per fatal
accident ; nside and outside 253
Number of persons employed per nonfatal
accident inside 103
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
Number of persons employed per nonfatal
accident outside 812
Number of persons employed pei nonfatal
accident inside and outside 141
Number of wives made widows 15
Number of children made orphans 31
Number cf steam locomotives used cutside
20
Number of compressed air locomotives
used inside 17
Number of electric- motors used inside.. 30
Number of fans in use 49
Number of furnaces in use 3
Number of gaseous mines in operation. . . 3
Number of non-gaseous mines in operation
45
Number of new mines opened 3
Number of old mines abandoned 1
C. B. Ross, Inspector.
FOURTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Northwestern Min. & Ex. Co 1,368,431
Shawmut Mining Co 935,254
Allegheny River Mining Co 719,957
Buffalo & Susquehanna C. & C. Co 640,875
Rochester & Pittsburgh C. & I. Co 504,826
Cascade C. & C. Co 316,253
Kettle Creek Coal Mining Co 307,310
Fairmont Coal Co 286,738
Jefferson Coal Co 155,200
Buckingham Coal Mining Co 133,384
Panther Run Coal Co 90,969
Falls Creek Coal Co 84,249
Penfield Coal & Coke Co 80,643
Stewart Coal Co 80,308
McKnight Coal Co 63,507
Dents Run Mining Co 63,058
Clearfield Colliery Co 62.104
McConnell Coal Co 61.369
Oak Ridge Mining Co 35,774
Pittsburgh-Punxsutawney Coal Co 34,738
Harbison-Walker Refractories Co 32,397
Pilkington & Ellery 30,423
Smaller operators 315,403
Total 6,403,170
ELIAS PHILLIPS, Inspector.
FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
H. C. Frick Coke Co 4.058,222
Oliver & Snyder Steel Co 871.691
XV. J. Rainey 613,667
Colonial Coal & Coke Co 401,000
Atlas Coke Co 209.307
Waltersburg Coke Co 171,57S
United Connellsville Coke Co 90,433
Rich Hill Coke Co 85,841
Superba Coal Co 73,633

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Southern Connellsville Coke Co 71,259
Penn Coke Co .. 55,629
Republic Iron & Steel Co 50,144
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co 42,175
Hogsett Coal & Coke Co 38,530
Stuart Iron Co., Ltd 37,024
Smithfield Coal & Coke Co 33,200
I. H. Brownfield 2S.600
Sackett Coal & Coke Co 27,937
Cheat Haven Coal & Coke Co 24,530
Olive Coal Co 19,485
Adha Coke Co 14,654
John A. Whyel & Son 6,950
Totals 7,025,689
EIGHTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
I. G. ROIIY, Inspector.
Morrisdale Coal Co 445,737
Morris Run Coal Mining Co 437,392
Peale, Peacock & Kerr, Inc 366,177
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 329.S78
Blossburg Coal Co 323,321
Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corp 283.425
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke- Corp 268,223
Fall Brook Coal Co 218.46S
Moshannon Coal Mining Co 201,259
Kelly Bros. Coal Co 166,035
Osceola Coal Co 116,952
Victoria Coal Mining Co 110,552
Trish Bros. Coal Co 103,029
Goshen Coal Co 83,145
Ashman Coal Co 81,251
Atherton-Barnes Co 75,422
Guion Coal Co 48,255
Lane Bros. Co., Inc 45.069
James F. Stott 44,202
Lulu Coal Co 40,977
Dunbar Coal Mining Co 39,982
F. J. Dunham & Co 38,576
O'Donnell Bros 36,991
Thomas J. Lee 35,143
Jenkin Bros 34.804
Victor Coal & Coke Co 33,142
Red Bank Coal Co 31,608
Blair Bros. Coal Co 30,782
Samller operators 383,562
Total 4,456,365
Jos. KNAPPER. Inspector.
NINTH RTTTTMTNOUS DISTRICT.
H. C. Frick Coke Co 4.363,732
W. J. Rainey 960,941
Westmoreland Coal Co 592,707
Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co 469,569
Pittsburgh & Erie Coal Co 315,203
Brown & Cochran 273,336
Whyel Coke Co 156,082
Mount Hope Coke Co 142,267
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co 136,735
Dunbar Furnace Co. (Walter Harris,
Receiver) 77,121
Genuine Connellsville Coke Co 43,206
Cochran Brothers 2S.304
B. F. Keister & Co 19,262
Peerless Connellsville Coke Co 12,405
Franklin Coke Co 11,530
James Cochran Sons Co 9,318
Total 7,612,718
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
Number of mines 47
Number of mines in operation 44
Number of tons of coal shipped to market
1,6S0,479
Number of tons used at mines for steam
and heat 153,432
Number of tons sold to local trade and
used by employes 110,059
Number of tons used in the manufacture
of coke 5,668,74S
Number of tons of c-oal produced 7,612,718
Number of tons of coke produced 3,717,975
Number of coke ovens 7,265
Number of coke ovens in operation..... 6,431
Number of tons of coal produced by pick
mining -. 5,381.955
Number of tons produced by compressed
air machines 526,518
Number of tons produced by electrical
machines 1,704,245
Number of persons employed inside of
mines 4,704
Number of persons employed outside, including
coke workers 2.680
Number of persons employed at manufacture
of coke ,. 1,370
Number of fatal accidents inside of mines 16
Number of fatal accidents outside 3
Number of non-fatal accidents inside of
mines 38
Number of tons of ccal produced per fatal
accident inside 475,795
Number of tons produced per fatal accident
outside 2,537,573
Number of tons produced per fatal accident
inside and outside 400,669
Number of persons employed per fatal
accident inside 294
Number of persons employed per fatal
accident outside 890
Number of persons employed per fatal
accident inside and outside 389
Number of persons employed per nonfatal
accident inside 124

Number of persons employed per nonfatal
accident inside and outside 194
Number of wives made widows 12
Number of children made orphans 15
Number of steam locomotives used outside
21
Number of compressed air locomotives
used inside 11
Number of electric motors used inside. 30
Number of fans in use 43
Number of furnaces in use 6
Number of gaseous mines in operation.. 20
Number of non-gaseous mines in operation
24
Number of old mines abandoned 3
ELEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
P. J. WALSH, Inspector.
H. C. Frick Coke Co 4,023,166
Keystone Coal & Coke Co 1,521,162
Mount Pleasant-Connellsville Coke Co 313,621
W. J. Rainey 173,565
Mount Pleasant Coke Co 110,288
Clare Coke Co 103,768
Bessemer Coke Co 85,080
Veteran Coke Co 61,029
Wilkey & Feather Coke Co 38,355
Magee Coke Co 35,808
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co 29,037
Brush Run Coal & Coke Co 28,883
Connellsville Coke Co 25,240
Connellsville Mutual Coke Co 24,063
American Sheet & Tin Plate Co 23,887
Perry Coke Co 20,791
Northern Connellsville Coke Co 20,399
Marion Coke Co 19,743
Total 6,657,885
THIRTEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
D. R. BLOWER, Inspector.
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 2,237,705
Pittsburgh Coal Co 1,321,030
United Coal Co 561,320
Blaine Coal Co 534,846
Diamond Coal & Coke Co 425,678
Henderson Coal Co 342,919
Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co 75,799
Gumbert Brothers Co 34,461
Total 5.533,758
NINETEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
JOHN F. BELL, Inspector.
Westmoreland Coal Co 2,029,129
Keystone Coal & Coke Co 1,601,728
Ocean Coal Co 902,481
Penn Gas Coal Co 874,947
New York & Cleveland Gas Coal Co 829,120
Pittsburgh & Baltimore Coal Co 684,082
Manor Gas Coal Co 369,126
Pittsburgh-Westmoreland Coal Co 330,357
Adamsburg Gas Coal Co 96,812
W. B. Skelly Coal Co 82,945
Export Coal Co 63,289
United-Connellsville Coke Co 29,05-1
Dunn-Connellsville Coke Co 27,833
Total 7,920,903
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
Number of tons of coal produced 7,920,903
Number of tons of coal produced by pick
mining 3,229,228
Number of tons of coal produced hy machine
mining 4,691,675
Number of persons employed inside the
mines 6,70S
Number of persons employed outside the
mines 999
Total number of persons employed at
mines 7,707
Number of persons employed outside the
mines between the ages of 14 and 21
years 120
Number of persons employed inside the
mines between the ages of 16 and 21
years 324
Total number of persons employed under
21 years of age 444
Average number of tons of coal produced
per person employed inside the mines. 1180.8
Number of pounds of powder used 194,876
Number of pounds of permissible explosives
used 214,430
Number of safety lamps used 3,531
ABTHUB NEALE, Inspector.
TWENTIETH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Consolidation Coal Co 1,957,861
Quemahoning Coal Co 524,966
Brothersvalley Coal Co 468,663
Somerset Smokeless Coal Co 467,466
Knickerbocker Smokeless Coal Co 270,540
Somerset Mining Co 193,769
Meyersdale Coal Co 175,726
Reading Iron Co 164,711
Baker-Whiteley Coal Co 142,224
Grassy Run Coal Co 133,471
Atlantic Coal Co 133,469
Enterprise Coal Co 87,226
Keystone Coal Co 55,796
Randolph Coal Co 53,271
Standard-Quemahoning Coal Co 52,991
Brandenburg Coal Co 49,709
Meyersdale Fuel Co 48,698

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Graham Coal Co 44,953
Belmont-Quemahoning Coal Co 36,765
Listonburg Coal Co 35,860
W. A. Merrill & Co 35,410
Quemahoning Creek Coal Co 34,512
Mountain Smokeless Coal Co 31,077
Stoner Coal Co 27,989
John Willis Coal Co 24,275
Elk Lick Coal Co 28,803
C. J. Rowe & Brothers 22,754
Bovnton Coal Co 21,789
Federal Coal Co 20,806
Smith-Meyers & Co 15,234
S. M. Hamilton & Co 15,032
Hocking Coal Co 15,735
James Harding 10,024
Logan Smokeless Coal Co 9,894
Milford Coal Co 8,931
D. B. Zimmerman 7,860
Fisher Smokeless Coal Co 3,405
Cumberland Basin Coal Co 415
Ladalia Coal Co 415
Mines employing less than 10 men 41,779
Total 5,466,165
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
Number of mines 82
Number of mines in operation 70
Number of cons of coal shipped to market 5,262,859
Number of tons of coal used at mines for
steam and heat 140,780
Number of tons of coal sold to local trade
ancl used by employes 20,756
Number of tons of coal produced 5,466,165
Number of coke ovens 195
Number of tons of coal produced by pick
mining 4,000,546
Number of tons of coal produced by compressed
air machines 395,625
Number of tons of coal produced by electrical
machines 1,027,215
Number of persons employed inside of
mines 5,037
Number of persons employed outside... 711
Number of fatal accidents inside 11
Number of fatal accidents outside 2
Number of non-fatal accidents inside of
mines 53
Number of non-fatal accidents outside.. . 4
Number of tons of coal produced per fatal
accident inside 417,260
Numbc r of tons of coal per fatal accident
outside 2,712,193
Number of tons of coal per fatal accident
inside and outside 361,626
Number of employes per fatal accident
inside 387
Number of employes per fatal accident
outside 385
Number of employes per fatal accident inside
and outside 383
Number of employes per non-fatal accident
inside 97
Number of employes per non-fatal accident
outside 142
Number of employes per non-fatal accident
inside and outside 101
Number of wives made widows 8
Number of children made orphans 18
Number of steam locomotives used outside
1
Number of compressed air locomotives
used inside 1
Number of electric motors used inside.. 90
Number of fans in use 60
Number of furnaces in use 11
Number of mines abandoned 1
RICHARD MAZIE, Inspector.
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS
Messrs. E. J. Berwind, Thomas Fisher, B. L.
Simpson, W. F. Geddes and the estate of W. A.
Crist sold to Messrs. I. W. Seamans and Thomas
B. Palmer, of Uniontown, Pa., 2,200 acres of timber
land in Somerset and Westmoreland counties,
Pa., for $80,000.
W. F. Cornelius of Cresson, Pa., and James Hood
of Pittsburgh, have purchased 450 acres of coal
and timber land in Regal's Gap, just north of
Altoona, Pa. The timber will be cut previous to
development of the property^.
A. R. Balcom of Philadelphia has sold to the
Star Portland Cement Co. 10,206 acres of land in
Clearfield county, Pa., for $1,000,000. The land
will be developed for both cement rock and coal.
John E. Strayer of Punxsutawney, Pa., has purchased
200 acres of coal in Perry township, Jefferson
county. Pa., from Adam Eyler for $50 per
acre.
The Lindsey Coal Mining Co., Punxsutawney,
Pa., has purchased 250 acres of coal near Horatio.
Pa., from the Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.
Annie M. Guthrie, of Center township, Jefferson
county, Pa., has sold 174 acres of coal land to the
Tide Coal Mining Co. for $17,500.
The smoker of the Philadelphia Breaker, Order
Ko-Koal. on Feb. 20 was attended by 300 members
and a jolly good time was had. Chicago, Baltimore
and New York Ko-Koals were present.

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUT­
LINES MANNER IN WHICH COAL DE­
POSITS OCCUR AND SHOWS WHY LAND
MAY BE CLASSIFIED AS "COAL LAND"
WHEN NO COAL IS TO BE SEEN FOR
MANY MILES.
It is so otten the unpleasant duty of the United
States Geological Survey to refuse to reclassify
as non-coal land areas that have been classified
as coal land, because the evidence and affidavits
submitted for reclassification are inadequate, that
a word of explanation on what is considered "adequate"
may make clearer the position of the survey
in the matter.
It is a widespiead popular impression that if
coal is found outcropping on a tract, the land is
coal land, and that if no coal is to be found outcropping
the land is non-coal land. If this were
true probably more than one-half of the coal produced
in the country (in some states more than
95 per cent.) would be coming from mines not on
coal land.
As an illustiation, 196 mines in Indiana in 1908
produced 11,997,304 tons of coal. Of these 196
mines, 15 were working the coal from the outcrop
and produced 400,733 tons, or a little over 3 per
cent, of the total. The rest was mined from land,
the surface ot which showed no coal. In Illinois
the percentage is still less, and in both states the
average production ot the mines working on the
outcrop is small, compared with the average of all
the mines. The percentage ot coal worked from
the outcrop is greater in Pennsylvania, West Virginia,
and the southern Appalachian states than
in the two just cited, but not much if any-greater
in the Michigan field, the western interior field,
or some others of the large fields of the country.
It is true that in many of the fields when first
exploited mines were mostly driven in on the outcrop,
but for two reasons that condition has
greatly changed: First, the coal close to the outcrop
has been mined out; and second, after a time
it has been found to be cheaper to mine the- coal
from shafts sunk to the bed from a point some distance
back from tbe outcrop than to haul the coal,
water, and waste up the slcpe of the bed as it
pitches into the ground.
If, therefore, any producing coal field is examined
there will usually be found a belt of outcrop
in which the- coal-bearing rocks rise to the surface
of the ground, and outside of that belt an area,
which may amount to thousands of square miles,
where the coals are all below the surface and the
surface rocks may even be of entirely different age
and perhaps not coal bearing at all.
If in any tract a bed of coal of workable thickness
outcrops it eventually does not underlie all
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
and may underlie only a small part of the tract,
and to that extent the land is not coal land, so
tnat it sometimes happens that a bed of coal outcrops
or is exposed on a given tract and yet underlies
so small a part of the tract that it would
hardly be fair to consider the whole tract as coal
land.
In Indiana shafts have been sunk to coal beds
at a depth of 250 feet without any preliminary
drilling where the coal bed did not outcrop nearer
than 15 miles, and many ol the mines of Illinois
are 25 to 50 miles from the nearest outcrop of the
coal they are working.
In classifying land as to its coal character a few
general principles are involved:
1. It the land is known to be underlain only by
groups of rocks known nowlure to contain coal.
the land is assumed not to be underlain by coal
and to be non-coal land.
2. If land is known to be underlain by one or
more groups of rocks known to contain workable
beds of coal, and a study of the dips shows that
those groups are not too deep for the coals they
contain to be worked, the land may be presumed
to be coal land.
In nearly all cases where public lands have been
withdrawn pending examination and classification
it is known or believed that the land is underlain
by groups of rocks known elsewhere to contain
workable beds of coal. In probably a majority
of cases it is also known or later examination
demonstrates that coal does net outcrop on most
of the land withdrawn but underlies it, perhaps
at a considerable dep'.h.
Given, then, an area of public land withdrawn
for examination and classification, under what conditions
will it be classified as non-coal land?
1. Detailed examination may show that the
coai bearing group of rocks may have thinned out
before reaching the area, so that although the
locks above and below this particular group are
found to underlie the area and normally this particular
group should also, yet under the circumstances,
if this is the only coal-bearing group in
the region that might underlie the area, it is classified
as non-coal land.
2. Detailed study of the dip and lay of the
rocks may show that the coal bearing group lies
deeper than the limiting depth imposed by the- departmental
regulations governing the classification
of coal land, and the area must therefore be classified
as non-coal land.
3. Detailed study may show that the ;irea is
underlain by a coal bearing group of rocks within
niinable depth but the coal is too low in grade to
be worked, or it may be found that the coal occurs
only in local pockets, none of which are thought
to extend under the area involved.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Where, as is the case in many parts of the
western coal fields, more than one group of coal
bearing rocks exists in any area, it must be found
that the facts above stated are true of each group
before the area can be classified as non-coal land.
On the other hand, if, although there is no coal
outcropping within many miles of a given tract
of land, it appears to be true that the tract is underlain
within workable depth by a group of rocks
known to contain coal beds of such character,
thickness and extent as to make it highly probable
that they underlie the tract within workable depth
and are there ot workable thickness and quality,
the tract is classified as coal land.
When such a tract of coal land is valued the attempt
is made to take into consideration all the
data bearing on the problem, possibly data covering
half the state, or more, including usually data
on every coal bed in every coai bearing group of
rocks of that field, to ascertain as nearly as possible
how many groups of coal bearing rocks underlie
the tract, how many beds are of workable
thickness, the thickness, chemical and physical
character, depth, pitch, and any other factors affecting
the workability and value of the coals, and
then to make all due allowance for depth, uncertainty,
distance from outcrop, etc., according to
fixed schedules and regulations.
It must be admitted that the data gathered foi
many tracts are very meager, and a large element
of uncertainty enters into the final result, but it
is believed that in the vast majority of cases the
allowance for uncertainty is so large that additional
data, even though they show less coal than
might have been expected, will by diminishing
the factor of uncertainty tend to raise the price
rather than reduce it, for as a rule where the uncertainty
is large only the minimum price is put
on the land and unless evidence such as that obtained
by deep drilling or new prospecting shall
demonstrate beyond question that the supposed
beds of coal are absent or too thin or too poor to
work the classification will not be changed.
The evidence obtained by the survey consists of
observed outcrops and measured sections, properly
located and described on the spot, and analyses
made in the government lab Dratories from
coal samples collected in a definite prescribed way,
supplemented when necessary by such second-hand
data as appear to be accurate and reliable and to
be in accord with the personal observations of the
field men.
Hundreds of thousands of tons of coal are being
consumed In Western North Dakota by fires which
are burning in undeveloped mines and action will
be taken by the state legislature to halt this destruotlon
of th* state's natural resources.
Catalogue No. 12-9, "Hunt Noiseless Bucket
Conveyor," is the title of an attractive 64-page
catalogue recently issued by the C. W. Hunt Co.,
West New Brighton, New York. It describes
a number of prominent and interesting installations
in which this bucket type conveyor is used
for handling coal, ashes, phosphate, rock, cement,
etc. Details are given showing the superiority
of the pivoted bucket construction, and the advantage
of the peculiar pawl drive used, is pointed
out. A number of illustrations are also included
showing numerous types of Hunt cut-off valves
for use in coal chutes. Any engineer who has
anything to do with the handling of coal or other
bulk materials can secure a copy of this catalogue,
by addressing the company at the above
address.
"Coal, Its Origin, Methods of Working, and
Preparation for the Market," by Francis H. Wilson,
M. Inst., M. E., editor of "Mining Engineering,"
Lecturer on Mjining at the Lehigh Technical
School, is the latest of the series of books on
"Common Commodities of Commerce" published
by Isaac Pitman & Sons, New York. Price 75
cents. It is a valuable work, condensed in form,
and dealing with the British coal industry to a
greater extent than that of other countries, although
other countries are considered generally.
The American Blower Co., Detroit, Mich., has
sent to the trade Leaflet No. 351, and Leaflet No.
349 dealing with "Sirocco" Forced Draught; Bulletin
No. 352, superseding Bulletin 326, descriptive
of "Detroit" Steam Traps; Bulletin No. 345, superseding
Bulletin No. 291, treating of "ABC" Disc
Ventilating Fans, Type D and Cyclone; Bulletin
No. 347, dealing with Unit Heaters, and Catalogue
No. 346 showing Dry Kilns for Timber Products.
All these publications are not only descriptive, but
give sectional views and efficiency figures of the
different types of machinery treated of.
The Otis Elevator Co., New York, has just
issued a catalogue showing the advantages of the
"Incline Railways" manufactured by the company.
In addition to pointing out the advantages
of the Otis incline railways it gives brief descriptions
of the most prominent railways installed by
the comapny.
The C. P. Munch Coal Co., of Dubois, Pa., which
is at present operating the mines formerly owned
by the Great Lakes Coal Co., at Kaylor, Pa., on the
Bessemer & Lake Erie railroad, has sold the entire
output of the mines to April 1, 1914, to the
Bixler Coal & Coke Co., of Pittsburgh.

The tri-district executive hoards of the U. M.
W. of the anthracite region met in Wilkes-Barre,
Pa., with President John P. White, the national
head of the union. Those who attended the meeting
were: Distiict No. 1, John T. Dempsey, president:
Joseph Yams, vice president; John M. Mack,
secretary; John Fallon, Stephen Reap, Michael
Healey, I). L. McCue and Peter O'Donnell, board
member. District No. 7, Thomas Kennedy, president;
Andrew Matti, vice president; John Yonshin,
secretary; Patrick Dougherty, Stephen Turek,
Leo Manelo, Paul Yunis, John Gaffney. Michael
Hartnat, Neil Feny, board member. District No.
9, John Fahey, president; John Strambo, vice
president; T. J. Richards, secretary; Edward Harris,
C. W. Henry, M. J. McGrath, Stanley Gugegis,
Martin Powisas, Joseph Turetele, and M. J. Doyle,
board members One of the principal questions
discussed was the best plan of preventing the
many petty strikes that have been on in the- region,
and President White experssed himself as
absolutely opposed to these strikes.
The B. rwind-White Coal Mining Co. has made
a number of transfers among its employes at
Windber, Pa., recently. J. W. Harrison, an inspector,
has been promoted to the position of assistant
to General Foreman R. S. Baylor. Harrison's
place as air inspector has been filled by the
appointment of W. H. Al.ram, who was foreman
of lower No. 37. Other changes which follow
these are: J. H. Broad, foreman of upper No. 37,
transferred to the lower mine: William Brownlee,
assistant foreman of No. 42, made foreman of
upper No. 37. Ollie Seese has been transferred
from St. Michael to the foremanship of No. 36, to
fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of D. D
Krouse. Before going to St. Michael, Seese was
at No. 37.
Judge McKenzie Moss, having been agreed upon
by all the miners and mine operators in Western
Kentucky to construe a difference over tlie wage
scale between the miners and operators, on Feb.
15, at Bowling Green, Ky., sat in the case and
heard argument on both sides of the question.
The conclusion reached in this controversy will
be important, for the reason that Judge Moss's
decision will constitute a rule for guidance of the
men interested in similar cases of difference that
may arise during tbe term of the present contract,
which expires in March, 1914.
A convention of (he Fifth subdistrict, Ohio Mine
Workers, will be held at New Philadelphia, 0..
March 29. The purpose of tiie convention is the
splitting no of tbe Fifth subdistrict to enable
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 89
the easier handling as it has been decided that
there is entirely too much work in the district
to handle expeditiously, and the vein of coal is
different from the Pittsburgh No. 8 vein. About
1,500 men will lie transferred to the No. 3 district,
of which Mansfield is tiie center.
State Vice President John Zelenka, of the Ohio
organization of the United Mine Workers of
America, has resigned his position to accept that
of secretary ancl commissioner of the Ohio Operators'
Association, succeeding M. D. Ratchford,
who went to Illinois to take a similar position.
It is expected President Charles J. Albasin, of subdistrict
No. 3. will be promoted to Zelenka's position.
Joe Hozuda pleaded guilty in the Washington
county, Pa., court to violating tbe mining laws at
the Dunkirk plant of the Pittsburgh-Westmoreland
Coal Co., and was sent to jail 60 days and
ordered to pay a fine of $25 and costs. He was
charged with having gone through a forbidden
passageway while the mine was being dampened
with steam 'o prevent a possible explosion of dust.
Umpire. Neil], to whom the question was submitted,
has decided that the committees from the
local unions shall have the right to enter the
anthracite mines of Pennsylvania in order to investigate
complaints. This decision upholds the
contention of the miners in a grievance submitted
to the ant'nrarite conciliation board.
W. L. Harrison of Coal City, Ala., has been
named Alabama member of the National Board
of the United .Mine Workers of America, the position
held for a number cf veins by William R.
Fairley of Pratt City. He has been a member
of the United Mine Woikeis of America for years.
District Mine Inspector Nicholson of West Virginia,
whose field embraces a section of the Pocahontas
region, recently ordered tbe arrest of 21
men in a single mine, charged with shooting off
tho solid, all of whom were convicted and fined
when brought into court.
The Illinois United Mine Workers' convention
on Feb. 25 voted $100,000 to aid the striking West
Virginia miners and authorized the district executive
board to use any part or all of the $SOO,000
defense fund of the Illinois organization to help
win in West Virginia.
The Lehigh Valley Coal Co. has proposed to
contribute $75 to a relief fund for the benefit of
the family of any employe who may die, providing
the men work on "funeral" day, and contribute
something from tbe wages of that day to the same
fund.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
John Jacob and Mai tin Nestativiek are under
bail for court at Punxsutawney, Pa., charged with
violating the mining laws by carrying smoking
materials into the Bleanora mine, neat that place.
Mine Inspector T. A. Fjrness is the prosecutor.
All the miners employed at the Lansing mine
of the Lorain Coal & Dock Co. at Bridgeport, 0.,
went on strike Feb. 19 because the blacksmith
was discharged. There are 400 men employed at
the mine.
LAKE COAL RATES NOT UNREASONABLE.
The Intei state Commerce Commission Feb. IS
announced a ruling in the case of the New Pittsburgh
Coal Co. vs. The Hocking Valley Railway
Co., that a rate of 85 cents a net ton on lake
cargo coal from the Hocking Valley district of
Ohio to the docks at Toledo, when for transhipment
to points up the lakes, was not unreasonable
at the time the proceedings were instituted.
The original petition was filed in July, 1911,
and assailed the reasonableness of a gross rate of
90 cents a ton. This rate included a charge of
5 cents a ton for transferring and reloading the
coal on vessels fcr points on the Great Lakes, so
that the net rate was 85 cents.
A new rate of 80 cents gross or 75 cents net,
became effective on May 26, 1912, but, inasmuch
as the commission decided that the rate previously
in effect was not unreasonable, it declines to order
the Hocking Valley Railway Co. to make reparation
to the coal cempany.
ILLINOIS COMPENSATION LAW INCLUDES
DISEASE CONTRACTED AT WORK.
Tbe United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. of
St. Louis. Mo., made inquiry of Mr. David Ross,
secretary of the Illinois State Bureau of Labor
statistics, whether the Illinois workmen's compensation
law covered illness caused Dy the drinking
of contaminated water, and received the following
affirmative reply:
"United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co.. Claim
Department, 705 Pierce Blclg., St. Louis, Mo.:
"Gentlemen: Acknowledging receipt of your letter
of the 4th inst, in which YOU ask to be advised
whether employes of a plant operating under
the Illinois workmen's compensation law who are
made ill by drinking contaminated water, are covered
by the provisions of the Illinois act. If the
contaminated water was supplied at the plant and
consumed by employes on the premises while engaged
in the line of their work, my judgment is
that, tbe employer would be liable under the law.
"In support of this ruling your attention is
directed to the language used in Section 1 of the
law, reading, 'to provide and pay compensation for
injuries sustained by any employe arising out of
and in the course of employment.'
"The term injury used in the Illinois act gives
to it a much wider meaning and broader significance
than the word accident, as it is employed
in tlie English law, from which has been copied
substantially all American enactments on that subject.
In the case you submit the element of accident,
as that term is generally defined and understood,
is eliminated, but there can be no question
of the injury resulting from the consumption of
contaminated water; neither does there appear to
be a question that the injury was of such a kind
as to clearly characterize it as one 'arising out
of and in the course of employment.'
"The- notable distinction in the meaning of the
words accident and injury is broad enough to include
not only the instance of illness you report,
but to cover all cases of industrial diseases.
"Yours very truly,
"DAVID ROSS, Secretary."
COAL MINING INSTITUTE OF AMERICA WILL
HOLD JUNE MEETING AT WILKES-BARRE,
PA.
The Coal Mining Institute of America will hold
Its June meeting at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., as the guest
of tbe Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Commerce and the
anthracite mining companies.
This was determined at a meeting of the executive
committee held in Pittsburgh recently, at
which Secretary O. L. Fay brought the invitation
of the Wilkes-Barre people to the institute and
outlined the program of entertainment prepared.
The tentative program calls for a special train
leaving Pittsburgh June 16 and arriving at Wilkes-
Barre June 17. The sessions of June 17 will
include an open meeting, a visit to the Wyoming
valley collieries and the semi-annual dinner.
June IS a trip over tho famous "Laurel" line
will be made tc the Hazleton region to inspect the
coal strippings and an illustrated lecture will be
given on bituminous methods.
June 19 another trip to the Wyoming field will
be made and a business session will be held.
Tbe committee selected to arrange for the trip
consists of Messrs. W. E. Fohl, chairman; Jesse
K. Johnston, F. W. Cunningham, Ruftis J. Foster,
George J. Krebs, H. J. Hinterlciner, R. H. Jamison,
A. P. Cameron, George Gay, W. P. Luce, W. F.
Affelder, E. S. Wallace, R. B. Drum, T. W. Dawson,
David Young. J. B. Hanford, Lee Ott, William
Leckie. John Fulford, Harry Bovard, S. A. Taylor,
Joseph Williams, Thomas A. Furniss, J. B.
Johnston, and others.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
MONTOUR RAILROAD EXTENSION TO OPEN A HUNDRED THOUSAND
ACRES OF RICH PITTSBURGH COAL—BIG GRADING CONTRACT LET
The Montour Railroad is to be extended 35 miles Marsch of Chicago, and work will be under way
through 100,000 acres of rich Pittsburgh coal fields without delay. Some of the work may he subin
Allegheny and Washington counties. The let to facilitate its completion. There were about
Dark dotted line from North Star on the left to Mifflin Yard near Mononeahela River on the right is the Extension of
Montour Railroad soon to be built—Spurs southward are later projects.
grading contract for this, aggregating about $1,- a dozen bidders on the contract let, which in
500.000, was let within the fortnight to John i hides the driving of a 500-foot tunnel and som;-;

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
heavy cuts and fills. An estimated additional
$500,000 will be required to complete the road
ready for operation.
At Mifflin Yard Terminal of the Union Railroad.
connection is made through the latter with the
Bessemer & Lake Eiie Railroad, which will pro­
vide an advantageous lake outlet. The Montour
road extension will also mean a belt line through
this coal with many connections to put it in the
yards of Pittsburgh industrial plants. The vast
coal body to be opened is owned by the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. and other Pittsburgh producers, the for­
mer owning about three-fourths of it.
From Coraopolis, where the Montour now con­
nects witli the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie opposite
the lower end of Neville Island on the Ohio rivei,
the Montour road now extends southwesterly along
Montour run to North Star, the present terminal.
From here it will describe a belt line connecting
with the Union Railroad near the Monongahela
river a short distance below Duquesnc. From
North Star the new road will circle to the east
crossing the Panhandle at McDonald, pass Prim­
rose, cross (lie Wabash at Venice, and the Char-
tiers Valley road at Hills ancl then extend
northeast, crossing the West Side Belt road south
of Castle Shannon and the Wheeling division of
the Baltimore & Ohio near Streets run, and go on
in the same- general direction to its connection
with the Union Railroad .it Mifflin Yard.
Spurs, as indicated on the- map, are to be extended
later on south and eastward, one to Anderson on
Peters creek, connecting with the Wheeling divi­
sion of the Baltimore & Ohio ancl tbe other crossing
the latter road at Gilkeson and extending
along Mingo creek to Courtney on tbe Pittsburgh.
Virginia & Charleston. Air. A. W. Jones is chief
engineer of the- road and Mr. E. J. Taylor, consult­
ing engineer.
In Novembei last there was filed with the Inter­
state Commerce Commission a traffic contract be­
tween the Montour and the Bessemer & Lake Erie
Railroad companies to become effective when the
new line is completed. New tariffs also have
been filed at Washington providing for a division
of the Pittsburgh to Lake Erie rate between the
two roads.
The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co. produced 1,078,-
000 tons of coal in 1912 at its mines at and near
Fernie, lj. ('. The company's coke output was
246,000 tons.
The Wolf Harbor Coal Co. is preparing to open
mines on the Virginia & Southwestern railway's
St. Charles branch, in Lee county, Virginia. The
headquarters of tbe company are at Appalachia,
Va.
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS •
The following tentative program has been pre­
pared for tbe annual meeting of the Kentucky
Mining Institute, May 15, 16 and 17, by Prof. H. D.
Easton, chairman of the program committee:
"Welfare Work," W. C. Tucker, of the Wisconsin
Steel Co., Benham, Ky.; "Taxation," Hywel Davies,
president, and W. H. Cunningham, secretary, of
tlie Kentucky Mine Owners' Association; "Calori­
meter Tests of Kentucky Coals," Dr. A. M. Peter.
of the Kentucky Experiment Station, Lexington,
Ky.; "How Best to Handle the Dusty Mine," David
Victor, chief mine inspector Consolidation Coal
Co., Fairmont. W. Va.; "Workmen's Compensa­
tion." K. U. Meguire, president of the Harlan Coal
Alining Co., Louisville; "Kentucky Mining Laws,"
('. F. Fraser, of tne Taylor Coal Mining Co., Bea­
ver Dam, Ky.
The Pennsylvania Coal Dealers' Association will
hold 'ts annual convention at Reading the second
week in June. Some one of the anthracite com­
panies takes the dealers in band at each conven­
tion ancl provides entertainment. This year the
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. will do the honors,
taking the party from Reading to Mauch Chunk,
Summit Hill, etc., to look over operations.
Six thousand acres, including practically all of
the unsold coal in Greene township, Indiana
county. Pa., has been optioned by Elmer E. Davis
of Johnstown, representing Philadelphia investors.
In the tract is a solid block of 2,000 acres near
Pine Flats, which was obtained at $7U an acre.
The- options expire May 1.
.Mr. M. D. Ratchford of Massillon, O., who re­
signed as secretary of the No. S Coal Operators'
Association of Ohio, has accepted the position of
secretary of the Illinois Operatois' Association.
Mr. Ratchford was formerly high in United Mine
Workers' circles and also held office as state labor
commissioner in Ohio.
The Department of Public Works of Buffalo has
issued its annual advertisement for coal supplies
lor tbe schools and other buildings under its con-
I rol. Bids must be in by March 4.
According to the- report of the auditors of the
United Mine Workers the Ninth (anthracite) district
on Dec. 31. 1912, had a paid-up membership
of 50,000.
The Louisville & Nashville railroad has ordered
3,000 new coal cars of the largest and most modern
type.
The Valley Camp Coal Co., Cleveland, O., has
purchased the Columbia mine at Fair Point, Pa.

The Pennsylvania Coal Co. and Hillside Coal &
Iron Co. have announced the following changes
among their officials: Mr. W. W. Inglis, who has
been general superintendent of the companies, is
promoted to the general managership, succeeding
Capt. W. A. May, who was made president when
the Erie railroad directors divorced their coal and
railroad interests several weeks ago. Mr. M. E.
Wailhal of Scranton is made electrical and mechanical
engineer of both the hard coal and soft
coal interests of the Erie. Mr. W. T. Jennings
of Pittston, who has been inspector of one division
of the collieries, is promoted to the position
of division superintendent of the operations from
McAlpine street, Avoca, to Plains. Mr. J. T.
Jennings is promoted to the superintendence of
the upper division, from Avoca to Forest City.
Mr. Henry McMillan of West Pittston, who has
been inspector of the upper division, is made mine
inspector of the entire division from Plains to
Forest City.
Mr. James W. Buttermoie, president and general
manager of the Superba Coal Co., Connellsville.
Pa., since the merger of the old Superba Co. with
the Smith Coa! Co., has resigned as president and
general manager. It is reported he will go with
the Northern Connellsville Coal & Coke Co. Mr.
Buttermore has been succeeded hy Mr. P. J. Lynch,
of Somerset. He is in charge of the three Superba
plants at Evans station.
Mr. Joseph D. Wentling, superintendent of the
Crows Nest, Hempfield and Hempfield shaft mines
of the Keystone Coal & Coke Co., has resigned and
has accepted the superintendency of the Greensburg
Coal & Coke Co. plant at Greensburg, Pa.
Mr. W. E. Henderson, of .Tenners, Pa., succeeds
Mr. Wentling at the Keystone plants.
Mr. W. A. Luce, who has been assistant general
manager of the Ellsworth Collieries Co., at Ellsworth,
Pa., for a number of years, has accepted
the position of general manager of the Ellsworth,
Cokeburg & Wehrum collieries of the company
and will have his headquarters in Pittsburgh,
Farmers Bank building.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
manager, and other officials of the company, and
Mr. John C. C. Mayo, Psintsville, Ky., were in conference
in Cincinnati recently relative to the Kentucky
properties of the corporation.
Mr. Stanley Cook, for the past four years assistant
clerk and stenographer in tiie county commissioners'
office at Greensburg, Pa., has resigned his
position to accept the chief clerkship in the Greensburg
Coal & Coke Co.'s office. The resignation
became effective Feb. 28.
Mr. W. H. Webster has been appointed traveling
coke agent in Ihe Connellsville region by the B.
& 0. railroad, with headquarters in Uniontown,
Pa,, vice Mr. H. C. Tucker, transferred to Cleveland,
O.
Mr. G. A. Bergen, formerly assistant general
freight agent of the Erie railroad, has been elected
assistant to Piesident W. A. May of the Pennsylvania
Coal Co., with offices at No. 11 Broadway,
N. Y.
Mr. F. R. Wadleigh has opened offices at 1013
Bank of Commerce building, Norfolk, Va., as a
consulting engineer, on all matters connected with
the preparation, purchase and use of coal.
Secretary Thomas B. Diltz, of the Bituminous
Y. M. C. A., delivered an address during the fortnight
before the students at Pennsylvania State
College on "First Aid Work."
Chief Mine Inspector J. C. Davies of Ohio has
named Mr. Thomas F. Grogan deputy mine inspector
for Belmont county, to succeed Mr. James
Hennessy, resigned.
Mr. J. E. McCoy, secretary of the Southern Appalachian
Coal Operators' Association, has been reelected
by the board of directors.
COAL OPERATORS AND MINERS
VISIT STATE COLLEGE.
Messrs. Rembrandt Peale, New York City; J. B.
Irish, Philadelphia; J. C. Cosgrove, Cherrytree,
Pa.: F. B. Lincoln, New York City; B. M. Clark,
Punxsutawney, Pa., and W. R. Roberts, Philadelphia,
representing the Pennsylvania Association
of Bituminous Coal Operators, and Patrick Gil-
Mr. Percy Rule, chief engineer of the Mt. Pleasday,
James Pureell, Richard Gilbert and Hugh
ant Coal & Coke Co., resigned Feb. 15. Mr. Rule
McGinty, all of Clearfield, representing tbe United
and Mr. Guy Kneedler, of Greensburg, Pa., have
Mine Workers of America, visited the State School
formed a partnership and will do a general con­
of Mines at the Pennsylvania State College Feb. 6.
tracting business. The new firm will locate in
They will prepare a memorial to the legislature
Akron, O., and be ready for operations by March 1.
on the needs of the school and the advisability of
Messrs. C. W. Watson, chairman of the Consoli­ co-ordinating the mining institute instruction
dation Coal Co., Mr. F. W. Wilshire, general sales throughout the state.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MINING MAN SAYS GREAT INDUSTRY IS NOT
APPRECIATED BY CONGRESS AND THE
PEOPLE.
That the great mining industry of the United
States, employing a million miners and two million
men directly connected with its work, with
an annual production of two billion dollars is not
understood and appreciated by the Congress of
the United States and the people of the countryis
the claim made by James F. Callbreath, secretary
of the American Mining Congress, who has
established headquarters in Washington to look
after the various legislative needs of the industry.
He makes the statement that agriculture which
has been fostered for years by the Federal Government
has been making tremendous gains as a result
of this aid, and that the western mining industry
with its complex low-grade ore problems
unsolved is a waning industry with a constantly
decreasing number of men employed. He declares
that mining in the western states is practically
at a standstill, and that there is no hope for reviving
it until Congress has a fairer idea of the
great importance of mining to tbe prosperity of
the people.
"The two foundation industries of the United
States are agriculture and mining," said Mr. Gallbreath.
"Agriculture is perhaps twice or three
times as important as mining in the number of
men engaged and in tlie value of its product.
"Irrespective of their relative importance, one
thing stands cut pre-eminently and that is there
can be no great agricultural prosperity without
the prosperity of the mines. The population that
depends upon tbe mines and the manufactured
products of the mines supports agriculture.
"Just the other day the Senate completed a piece
of legislation which will give to the various state
agricultural colleges the sum of thre-e million
dollars yearly for the extension of their work
among the farmers. The bill was passed through
both houses comparative ease, as every
one seems to have a thorough knowledge of the
needs of agriculture. A report which accompanied
this bill shows that the National Government
has spent on the agricultural experiment colleges
and experiment stations in round figures $70,-
000,000; that it now spends $3,940,000 in cash annually
upon them; that Congress has appropriated
each year $15,000,000 for carrying on the exclusively
agricultural work of the Department of
Agriculture.
"With the additional $3,000,000 each year just
granted, the total Federal aid given agriculture
annually will be at least $22,000,000. The result
of this generous expenditure of money by the
Federal Government for agriculture is seen in the
phenomenal increase in production from year to
year and the final bumper harvest of last fall.
"These great appropriations for agriculture have
been continued for years until to-day the officers
of this department declare that a vast amount of
valuable information is now in existence waiting
some effective means of getting it into operation
by the farming people ot the United States. The
plea for the additional $3,000,0(10 was to take this
information direct to the farmers.
"What do we find the situation to be in regard
to mining? The Bureau of Mines is getting onehalf
a million dollars a year, about as much
money as is granted to the Department of Agriculture
for the printing and binding of its publications.
The Geological Survey, in existence
many years, is now getting one million and a half
dollars a year, a considerable part of which is
used for the benefit of agriculture and other industries.
This is a total of two million dollars
of Federal aid for the great mining industry with
its paramount unsolved problems—problems that
are outside of solution by private parties.
"In agriculture the men work in the open sunlight
with a minimum of hazard to life. In mining
nearly 700,000 men work in the dark caaverns
underground with a hazard that is not equaled in
any other industry. The mines and quarries of
the United States have an annual death roll of
more than 4,000 men and 60,000 injured. This
calamity of death leaves in its trail 2,500 or more
widows and 15,000 fatherless children. It places
upon the states the burden of caring for many of
these widows and orphans, an amount that must
be many hundreds of thousands of dollars a year.
"We know from the experience of foreign countries
that fully one-half of the number of deaths
in the mines of the United States are unnecessary.
We know that the work of the Bureau of Mines
has reduced this terrible death rate in the coal
mines. The deaths in 1912 in the coal mines will
be approximately 800 less than in the year 1907
when this work was first begun. Practically
nothing has been done by the bureau in regard to
the deaths in metal mines and the rate is heavier
than in the coal mines. Neither has anything
been accomplished in reducing the number of
deaths in the quarries which have a still higher
rate than the metal mines. This work cannot
be taken up until Congress and the people of the
United States begin to have some adequate idea of
the importance of the mining industry.
"So difficult has it been in the past to obtain
appropriations for this humane work, that those
of us who are interested have learned to be extremely
modest in the appropriation we have asked
for. Only slight increases are asked for the coming
fiscal year, when in fact the bureau on the

asis ot what it has already accomplished can wel!
spend two or three million dollars each year to
the benefit of the entire country, rather than the
one-half million which it now has.
"Taking out of consideration the unusual hazard
of mining and the fact that we are killing
from three to five miners in this country each
year where European countries are killing one and
two, there is confronting Congress the question
whether western mining will be allowed to languish
and grow less, with a diminishing number
of men employed in each state, or give to the mining
industry that aid which is similarly given to
agriculture to rehabilitate this industry and increase
tbe prosperity of the country- When I
say that the western mining industry is languishing,
the statistics bear me out in this.
"In 1906 in the states of Colorado, Montana and
Idaho the value of gold, silver, copper and lead
produced reached a value of $29S,174,000. In 1910
the value of the production of the same metals in
the same states was $251,000,000, a loss of nearly
$50,000,000. In 1900 Colorado employed 40,000
miners; in 1910 that state employed 19,000 miners.
In 1906 Montana employed 15,000: in 1910, 14,000
miners. In 1906 Idaho employed 7,000 miners;
in 1910, 6,000 miners. In Colorado in the year
1900 the precious metal production amounted to
$50,000,000; in 1910 the production was $32,000,-
000. There is a definite reason for all this. The
days of bonanza mining are gone and we are now
down to the treatment of low-grade ores. This
has led to a series of perplexing problems—the
treatment of low-grade refractory ores as varying
in character as the faces of the human family.
We have millions of tons of these low-grade ores
in the Rocky Mountain States containing practically
billions of dollais in value.
"The processes by wdiich these oies may be reduced
are more complex than any of the specialized
problems you have on the farms. Their solution
is beyond the reach of private capacity except
in the rarest instances where large combinations
of capital have succeeded in perfecting certain
processes, which they keep to themselves.
"These problems generally can only be solved
through the aid of the Federal Government, and
until they are solved the western mining industry
will continue to decrease in the value of production
and the number of men employed.
"The Bureau of Mines has asked for $250,000 to
begin work on such problems and to take care of
the safety of the miners employed in these mines.
If past experience is repeated before Congress, it
will be with the greatest difficulty that members
can be shown the need for such an appropriation.
In fact it will be more difficult to obtain the $250,-
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 46
000 for this great industry than to obtain millions
for agriculture.
"I do not object to agriculture obtaining the increased
yearly appropriation of $3,000,000 for tbe
extension of the work of the agricultural colleges
in the states, but I am anxious to know why a
bill introduced by Representative Foster, chairman
of the House Committed of Mines and Mining,
and which has the approval of the mtire com
mittee, calling for an expenditure of a maximum
of $1,200,000 yearly for mining schools in the
various states, does not got an opportunity to
come before the House for passage. I want to
know why agriculture which has been so adequately
cared for for many years can with such
ease obtain $3,000,000 additional funds for its
work, while the bill for mining schools remains on
the calendar, with the fear among its friends
that it may not obtain sufficient support for its
passage-. I want to know bow Congress is to
look at tbe proposed appropriation for one-half
million dollars for buildings for the Bureau of
Mines at Pittsburgh, Pa.? I may say that there
is no department or bureau of the Federal Government
so badly and so inadequately housed as
the Bureau of Mines Experiment Station in Pittsburgh.
The work is being conducted under the
greatest difficulties in buildings belonging to the
War Department, some of them nearly one hundred
years old. Further the War Department is
anxious to regain possession of its property and
has been continually notifying the Bureau of
Mines that it must get out. Here is an emergency
as far as the mining industry is concerned.
What will Congress do?
"f am heartily in favor of the increased appropriation
for agriculture, but mining also has similar
rights and greater needs.
"There is no industry which adds so much per
capita wealth to the country as the mining industry.
There is no industry that, man for man,
produces so much value to the country as tbe mining
industry. It is an industry that must go
hand in band with agiiculture. The prosperity
of the country depends upon tbe success of both.
Agriculture cannot succeed without mining.
"I am at a loss to understand why mining is so
little appreciated in the I'nited States when it
attains such high commanding places in every
other nation of the world."
The Hitchman Coal Co., Wheeling, W. Va.. has
awarded a contract for the opening of a new shaft
into its coal property at Benwood, near Wheeling.
The new shaft is to be 250 feet deep and 9 by 16
feet, for double cage equipment. A contract has
also been awarded for a steel tipple to cover the
shaft.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
BUREAU OF MINES ASKS FOR $500,000 TO
BUILD AND EQUIP NEW EXPERIMENT
STATION IN PITTSBURGH.
The United States Bureau of Mines, which has
been conducting its investigations under difficulties
because of a lack of space in the buildings of
its experiment station at Pittsburgh, has called
upon Congress to appropriate $500,000 for a series
of new buildings, the sum of $300,000 to be immediately
available.
This appropriation has been included by the
committee on Public Buildings in the general public
buildings bill.
The War department's demand that the Bureau
of Mines vacate the buildings on the Arsenal property
will compel the bureau to seek new buildings,
if its humanitarian mine-safety investigations are
to be carried on without hindrance. Dr. J. A
Holmes, director of the bureau, appearing before
the committee of Public Buildings and Grounds,
made the statement that the work of the bureau
which began in 1904 has never had any permanent
abiding place, but has moved from place to place
at a cost to the government of at least $150,000.
"We dropped into our present place about five
years ago," said Dr .Holmes, "when the War department
allowed us to have about one-third the
space we really needed on condition and with the
understanding that whenever the department
wanted the space we should move out. We are
scattered around not only in a number of buildings
there but in other parts of the- country- The
work of the bureau would be greatly facilitated
and the character and efficiency of the work would
be tremendously increased if we could get settled
somewhere in a place that we could fit up adequately
and suitably for the investigations which
we have to conduct. We have been doing the
best we could without adequate buildings, but we
have felt every year that we have been seriously
hampered.
"There have been 30,000 men killed in the coal
mines within the last ten years and nearly 20,000
seriously injured. Tbe work such as we have
been able to do in our present location within the
past year has yielded a reduction in the annual
loss of life of not less than 500, but the great loss
is still a discredit to the nation. The investigations
that we want to pursue look toward a further
reduction in that loss of life.
"fn addition to that great work we are doing in
protecting the lives of coal miners, we have been
able, even with the inadequate facilities we have
had, to save to tbe United States Government in
actual cash, during the last three years, not less
than $100,000 a year in its fuel bill.
"There are six separate buildings proposed—
one for one kind of work and another for another
kind of work. Each one must be specially
adapted to the purpose for which it is intended
That is the reason we cannot rent suitable buildings;
we cannot find buildings suitable to our
needs. We propose to have the cheapest sort of
construction that will be decent to have in a city.
We do not intend to have anything ornamental;
all we want is a floor and a roof and glass sides."
Dr. Holmes declared that the building most urgently
needed was one for mine-rescue work. The
buildings asked for include:
Mining-engineering building, 50 by 200 feet, 3
stories, to cost $100,000; mine-rescue building, 50
by 100 feet, 2'/> stories, $40,000; chemical building,
50 by 200 feet, 3 stories, $100,000; explosives
building, 50 by SO feet, 2-% stories, $30,000; mechanical
building, 50 by 150, 3 stories, $75,000;
fuels building, 50 by 150 feet, $55,000; service
building, 60 by 100 feet, $60,000; tunnels, pipe
lines, etc., $20,000; sidings, storage bins, approaches,
etc., $20,000. Total, $500,000.
• RETAIL TRADE NOTES »
Officers of the Consumers Co., Chicago, formed
by the recent merger of the Knickerbocker Ice
Co. and the City Fuel Co., have been elected as
follows- President, Fred W. Upham; chairman,
J. S. Field; vice presidents, Thomas H. Mclnerney,
W. J. Shedd, M. E. Robinson, C. R. Campbell and
Fred Kraeckmann: secretary, F. H. Pearson; treasurer,
Alex Dablman. Directors—Fred W. Upham,
W. J. Shedd, John P. Hopkins, F. S. Peabody, Fred
Kraeckmann, W. J. Louderback, J. S. Field, Alexander
Smith. George F. Getz, Stuyvesant Peabody,
William Wrigley, Jr., M. E. Robinson, F. C. Letts,
Thomas H. Mclnerney, C. W. Leeming, T. L. Chadbourne,
Jr., Seymour Morris.
The Retail Coal Dealers' Association of the New
England States will hold its annual convention at
Boston. Mass., March 4 and 5 and in addition to
the usual business one of the big things of the
convention will be a paper on "The Cost of Doing
Retail Coal Business" by Mr. George E. Copeland,
of Worcester, Mass.
Tbe Philadelphia office of Castner, Curran &
Bullitt, located in the Bullitt building for several
years, now is located in the new Stock Exchange
building, where ample and well-arranged quarters
have been engaged.
A representative of the Interstate Commerce
Commission recently ordered 33 engines of the
Norfolk & Western, Big Four and Louisville &
Nashville railroads, at Cincinnati, into the shops
for repairs.

A NEW BOND FOR BUTT ENTRIES.
In eoal mines the haulage tracks in cross head­
ings or butt entries are used for only a compara­
tively short time before they are taken up and
removed to new headings. In order to meet this
condition the Ohio Brass Co. recently designed the
Type N Removable Mine Bond for tbe exclusive
purpose of bonding temporary tiacks. This Bond
differs from compressed terminal bonds in that
it may be readily removed without injury to the
bond when the temporary tracks are taken up
and it can be used over and over again.
Before placing the
Type N Removable
Mine Bond on the market,
the Ohio Brass
Co. placed a number
of the bonds in
actual service in
mines and kept a carelul
record of their
Performance ancl
proved conclusively
that they were much
more efficient than
channel pins which
have hitherto been
largely used for bonding
temporary tracks.
Briefly, the Type N Bond consists of two tapered
steel terminals joined together by a flexible copper
cable (Fig. 1). The cable is headed and
soldered into the terminals and the terminals are
tinned all over. Tho taper has been carefully
worked out so that when the Bonds are first installed
they need only be driven in a slight distance,
and then tbe next time they are installed
they are driven in a little further, etc.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
THE COAT, TKAIIE BULLETIN, by Joseph M. Nesbit,
Patent Attorney, Park Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
from whom printed :-opies may be procured for 15
cents each:
Mine shaft lining, Wilhelm Breil, Essen-on-the-
Ruhr, Germany; 1,051,076.
Coke oven, Heinrich Koppers, Essen-on-the-Ruhr,
Germany; 1,051,372.
Pit car, T. W. Weaver, Tcrnnelton, W. Va.; 1,-
051,378.
Mining machine, P. J. Kelley and J. S. Kelley,
Pana, 111.; 1,051,417.
Mine car coupling, Oscar Anderson and Charles
Anderson, Bitumen, Pa.; 1,051,536.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
fnstallation is extremely rapid as the Bonds are
simply driven into holes drilled in the rails by a
few taps of a hammer, no spec ial tools being required.
A standard %-inch drill is used to put
the hole in the web of the rail and the bond terminals
broach the hole so that it conforms to the
taper of the bond.
The design of the Bond is such that it will go
around the fish plate (Fig. 2) thereby makingit
unnecessary to remove the sometimes rusted
fish plate bolts in order to install the Bond. The
fact that it goes around the fish plate makes the
inspection and removal much easier.
Figure 1—O-B Type N Removable Mine Bond.
Figure 2—Removable Bond Installed and Sectional View.
The Type N Bond can be supplied in any desired
length, and will be made up in 2/0 capacity only,
with %-inch diameter terminal. As previously
stated, the Type N Bond is designed exclusively
for the bonding of temporary tracks, while on
main line haulage tracks the Compressed Terminal
type of bond should be installed as experience
has proven that this is the most efficient
method for permanent work.
Coaling apparatus, F. E. Davis. Payette, Idaho;
1.051,699.
Bumper and coupling for mine cars, C. D. Sensenich.
Irwin, Pa.; 1,051,825.
Coke oven or gas furnace, William Feicke, Bethlehem,
Pa.; 1,051,875.
Mine car wheel, I. W. Jones, Birmingham, Ala.;
1,051.892.
Mine door, Nicola Jacho, Allentown, Pa.; 1,052,-
147.
Mining machine, John McDonald, Silver Creek,
New Philadelphia, Pa.; 1,052,359.
A 35 per cent, dividend on the preferred stock
of the Colorado Fuel S- Iron Co. has been declared
by the directors of the company. Announcement
of the dividend, which will amount to $700,000,
comes at the end of a record year for earnings.

48
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The annual meeting of the representatives of the
C. & 0. railroad and operators shipping over that
line was held at Cincinnati recently, and arranged
for handling lake shipments. Representing the
railroad were Messrs. F. M. Whitaker, vice president:
C. C. Walker, general superintendent of
transportation; J. P. Stevens, general superintendent
western division, ancl Thornton Lewis, general
western freight agent C. & O.; M. S. Connors, general
manager, and Thomas R. Limer, superintendent
of transportation of the Hocking Valley; and
C. L. Thomas, traffic manager of the O, H. & D.
Representing the opeiators were Messrs. John
Laing, president Wyatt Coal Co.; W. M. Puckett,
Cabin Creek Consolidated Coal Co.; C. D. Weeks,
Milwaukee Coke & Gas Co.; William and P. H.
Burlingham, Burlingham Coal Co.; R. A. Colter,
C. G. Blake Co.; P. L. McClanahan. Milburn Coal
Co., Milburn, W. Va.; J. 0. McCloskey, Smokeless
Fuel Co.; J. W. Tuohy, New River Coal Co.; H. C.
Schaufele, traffic manager M. A. Hanna Coal Co.,
Cleveland: Maury Robinson and R B. Isner, Davis
Colliery Co.; H. L. Monarch, Monarch Coal Co.,
Richmond. lnd.; XV. J. Magee, Carbon Fuel Co.;
C. A. Tribbe. White Oak Coal Co.: E. J. Howe,
Pocahontas Fuel Co.: F. W. Wilshire and C. A.
Chambers, Consolidation Coal Co.; D. Cave, Norfolk
& Chesapeake Coal Co.; James Comiskey, Ohio
& Michigan Coal Co.. Detroit; Ned Jewett, of
Jewett, Bigelow & Brooks, and others.
More than 150 members of the Southern Appalachian
Coal Operators' association, representing
mines in every part of the Tennessee-Kentucky
coal fields, with their trends, gathered around the
banquet board at Knoxville, Tenn., recently, for
the annual banquet of that association. Col.
James R. Wooldridge. of Wooldridge, Tenn., acted
as toastmaster. Among the addresses delivered
were ones by Messrs. Walter H. Finley, W. C-
Tucker, Dr. C. J. Norwood. J. I.. Callbraith, B. A.
Morton, and E. C. Mahan. The new officers elected
were: President. E. C. Mahan; secretary, J. E.
McCoy (re-elected).
The educational work of the Lehigh Valley railroad
in tea'-hing its firemen how to fire their engines
economically is bearing concrete results.
Tn the faoe of the fact that the road is running
larger and heavier trains than it was a year ago,
ancl that many new firemen were employed in
the latter months of 1912, the consumption of coal
per ton mile has decreased. The actual results
secured during the last six months of the year
1912, show a net decrease of 5 per cent., in tho
amount of coal used per ton mile as compared with
the same period of the previous year.
Tbe Pittsburgh Coal Exchange at its annual
meeting Feb 25 elected the following officers:
President, W. B. Rodgers; vice president, G. W.
Thomas; secretary and treasurer. J. Frank Tilley;
directors, XV. B. Rodgers. William Hamilton Brunt,
George W. Thomas, J. D. O'Neil. B. S. Pope, John
W. Hubbard, Oscar Barrett, H. P. McCue and T.
M. Reese; executive committee, XV. B. Rodgers,
C. C. Bunton, Warren Elsey, A. H. Stolzenbach,
James Moren, J. G. Geegan and J. Frank Tilley.
Eight indictments charging criminal conspiracy
to defraud the United States Government were returned
Feb. 19, at San Francisco, by a Federal
grand jury against the Western Fuel Co.'s eight
officers and employes. Those indicted are John
L. Howard, president; James B. Smith, vice president;
Joseph L. Smith, treasurer; Robert Bruce
ancl Sydney B. Smith, directors; Frederick C.
Mills, superintendent, and Edward J. Smith and
Edward Mayers, dock weighers.
The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. wants a reduction
in its coal land assessments in Carbon
county, Pa. Representatives called on the county
commissioners and asked that the company be
exempted from the payment of taxes on the 112
acres of land covered by the burning mines at
Summit Hill. They also requested that the assessments
be reduced on barrier pillars, as they
cannot be removed, being for the protection of the
surface.
The Interstate Commerce Commission has issued
an order directing the Atchison, Topeka, & Santa
Fe Ry. and other western lines to cancel the proposed
advance in coal freight rates from the Walsenburg
field in Colorado to points in Kansas, Oklahoma
and Texas. The commission permits the
roads to establish a rat? from the Walsenburg
field 10 cents higher than that from the Cafion
City district to the same destinations.
A proposed nev.- tariff, effective April 1, incre
ing the freight rates on coal from the Southern
Illinois fields to St. Louis and East St. Louis five
cents a ton, has been filed with the Interstate
Commerce Commission by the Coal Traffic Bureau,
a central organization representing all the railroads
entering St. Louis from the eastward.
It is understood that the U. S. Bureau of Mines
will station a mine rescue car at Norton, Va.,
where it will be available for service in the Pocahontas
region, as well as in southwestern Virginia
and eastern Kentucky.
The convention of the United Mine Workers of
District No. 23, Kentucky, will be held at Owensboro,
Ky., March 4 to 9. A wage scale is to be
arranged.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE BUREAU
OF MINES.
By Joseph A. Holmes, Director.
(CONTINUED FROM
The first national mine-safety demonstration,©
a notable event of the year, was held at Forbes
Field, in Pittsburgh, on October 30, 1911. The
demonstration was planned and managed by the
engineers of the bureau, with the aid of the miners
and coal operators of the Pittsburgh district.
It embraced exhibits that demonstrated the character
of nearly every branch of the bureau's investigative
work in relation to mine accidents, including
first-aid ancl mine-rescue work, coal-dust
explosions, and also special coal-dust explosions
at the bureau's experimental mine at Bruceton, Pa
Approximately 15,000 pei sons, chiefly miners, mine
owners, and mining engineers, attended the demonstration.
The principal field exhibits were witnessed
by tbe President of the United States and
many officials of both the National and State Governments.
Teams of miners trained in first-aid
and rescue work fro m
EVERY COAL MINING STATE
were in attendance ancl took part in the demonstration.
The value of such demonstrations has
been fully proven by the manner in which this
demonstration has stimulated the adoption of
safety precautions in all the coal fields of the country.
The fuel testing work of the bureau dealt with
the more efficient purchase and use by the Government
of fuels purchased and used in different
parts of the country. Since the wording of appropriation
acts limited the fuel investigations
conducted by the Bureau of Mines to the analyzing
and testing of fuels belonging to or for the use of
the United States, the various technologic researches
and the routine work relating to the examination
of fuels under this bureau embodies two
general lines of inquiry, as follows:
1. The inspection and analysis of coals, lignite
and other mineral fuels purchsed under specifications
for the use of the Government, to ascertain
whether these fuels conform to the stipulations
of the contract under which they are purchased;
the development of a proper specification under
which different coals may he purchased for different
purposes and different equipment; and the ascertaining
of the most efficient equipment and
method of using these fuels.
2. The investigation of coals, lignite ancl other
mineral fuels belonging to the Government.
FEBRUARY 15TH)
The work of inspecting and analyzing fuel purchases
was largely extended and made more- efficient
during the year. The samples represented
coal and fuel oil for use at Government power
plants, public buildings, and naval stations in
different parts of the United States and in the
Panama Canal Zone.
The collection of the samples was done by or
under instructions from the Bureau of Mines; and
the analysis and testing of the samples formed an
important part of the work of the bureau.
The samples were collected wherever coal purchased
under contract was being delivered to the
Government. They represented deliveries made
at public buildings in the District of Columbia.
or at public buildings, naval stations, and Army
posts in many parts of the United States, and also
the deliveries made at, the great coal shipping
ports, as New York and Norfolk, where coal was
being delivered for the use of the Navy, the Panama
Railway Co., or the Isthmian Canal Commission.
In the fiscal year 1912 the purchase of coal by
the Government under specifications providing for
payment according to the
QUALITY OI COAI, UELIVEREO
amounted to approximately 1,500,000 tons, costing
$4,750,000, notwithstanding the fact that the general
plan was to apply the specification method of
purchasing coal only to contracts of such size as
warranted sampling, analysis and heating value
tests. The tonnage sampled was 408,600 tons
greater and its value was $1,666,000 greater than
in 1911.
The specifications applying to the purchase of
coal for use on the battleships and naval vessels
named the mines from which coal was to be shipped
under a given contract. The occasional analyses
of samples showed whether the coal shipped
equaled in quality, and if not how much it
was below, the standard established in the contract.
Coal purchased under specifications of this
nature and used on naval vessels amounted in
round numbers to 730,000 tons during the fiscal
year 1912.
Most of the samples analyzed and tested for
heating values at the Washington laboratory represented
coal purchased under specifications that
provided for payment according to the quality of
~~©Fully reported in Bulletin 44, Bureau of Mines, en­ the delivered coal. Analyses of mine sampler
titled "First National Mine-Safety Demonstration, Pitts­ were generally made in the bureau's laboratory at
burgh Pa.. October 30 ancl 31, 1911," by H. M. Wilson Pittsburgh. During the fiscal year ended June *•,
and A H Fav with a chapter nn "Tho Kxplosion at the
Experimental'Mine,' by G. S. Rice, 1912. 75 pp., 7 pis.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
1912, 11,300 coal samples were received at the
Washington laboratory, an increase of 3,000 over
the number for the preceding year.
The analyses and tests of fuels at the experiment
station in Pittsburgh are made to indicate the character
of the coal and other mineral fuels belonging
to the United Stales and to show how these
fuels may be best utilized.
In analyzing samples of coal and lignite and
other mineral fuels at the Pittsburgh station, the
procedure followed was essentially the same as
that of the 'Washington laboratory except that ultimate
as well as proximate analyses were made at
Pittsburgh. Continued effort was made to simplify
and cheapen these methods in the interest of
economy in the chemical
WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT.
During the fisral year 1912 about 750 samples of
coal and lignite, 200 samples of fuel oil, and 100
samples of natural gas were analyzed by the Pittsburgh
station laboratory. The nature of the
work, when carload samples of coal from Government
lands are received, is as follows:
Combustion tests to determine the most efficient
and least wasteful method of burning fuel in furnaces
of the type used for heating the Government
buildings, Army posts, naval stations, or Government
ships in which it mav be proposed to use
such fuel.
Tbe testing in the gas producer of another portion
of the same shipment of coal from Government
lands, in order to ascertain the suitability
of the fuel for use in the producer and the conditions
requisite for obtaining the largest yield of
high-grade gas suitable for power and heating purposes.
The testing of another portion of the same coal
or lignite in a briquet machine with different binders
in order to determine the feasibility of hriquetting
the coal or lignite and the making of
steaming or gas-producing tests with these briquets
to determine the conditions tinder which they
can be utilized most advantageously, and demonstrations,
on a commercial scale, of the possibility
of producing briquets from American lignites
without the use of a binder.
Investigations into the character of the various
petroleums found throughout the United States,
with a view to determining their calorific value.
chemical composition, and the various methods
whereby they may he made most economically
available for efficient use as power producers for
the Government, especially on board ships; and
investigations of the heavier distillates of petroleum,
as well as of kerosene and crasoline, in order
to ascertain their commercial value and their relative
efficiency in internal-combustion engines for
use in naval vessels.
Investigate sftidies of combustion within boiler
furnaces and gas producers to ascertain the temperatures
at which complete combustion of the
gases takes place, and the means whereby the
waste of heat up the smokestack and the production
of smoke may be lessened.
Related investigations concern methods of mining
and of preparing coal for market and of boring
for and transporting
OIL AND NATURAL GAS
to ascertain how present wastes in mining and
transportation may be most economically and efficiently
lessened.
During the year the bureau continued its researches,
both chemical and physical, to determine
the true composition and properties of the different
varieties of coal and the chemical and physical
processes of combustion, in order to determine
how each coal could be burned most efficiently in
a variety of Government heating and lighting
plants. Experiments were conducted relating to
the destructive distillation of fuels; the spontaneous
combustion of coal, with especial reference
to fire risks in storing coal on board ships, in
closed bins, or on wooden wharves: and the relative
deterioration of coal during storage in open air,
in closed bins, or under water. The results obtained
in these tests are mentioned in the summarized
discussion of the investigations in another
part of this report.
The demand being made on the bureau by both
the Government and the public continue to increase
more rapidly than do the facilities for meeting
them. These demands now are such as might
be expected of a much older bureau with much
larger income. The difficulty of complying with
all these demands is increased, as is also their
urgency, by the fact that they relate largely to
saving the lives of miners. Neither the funds, the
equipment, nor the buildings at the disposal of
the new bureau for necessary investigations are
sufficient to permit these investigations being conducted
in the manner their importance warrants.
The experiment station at Pittsburgh is housed
in buildings that are inadequate and unsuitable
for the work being done there. They were constructed
for arsenal and warehouse purposes more
than half a century ago, and the space available
is nnly a small part of that needed for the work
under way. Furthermore, even these inadequate
buildings and the grounds in which they stand are
occupied by the permission of the War Department.
ancl that department has asked that the buildings
be vacated by the Bureau of Mines in order that
they may be used again by the War Department
for its own purposes. The
GROUNDS AT BRUCETON,
Pa., some 10 miles southwest of Pittsburgh, which

aie used by the bureau for experimental work,
are occupied by permission of the owner, this permission
being granted from year to year. The
bureau should have other and more adequate
grounds and buildings provided for it. in order
that the investigations already authorized can be
conducted under conditions that will permit efficient
work and conclusive results.
For much of the investigative work of the bureau.
the equipment now in use is as inadequate as arc
the buildings and grounds. This is true as regards
both the fuel investigations started in 1904,
for which ne,v equipment is essential, and the
mine-accidents investigations started in 1908.
Furthermore, the mine-rescue work of the bureau
has had to be curtailed, and important phases of it
cannot be satisfactorily undertaken because ot
the lack of appropriate equipment. In the training
and demonstration work of the mine-rescue
stations and cars the number of miners trained is
in many cases reduced to half the needed and the
possible number by the lack of a sufficient supply
of rescue outfits; and under such working operations
it is impossible to keep any adequate supply
of this equipment in proper condition for the more
dangerous emergency work at mine disasters.
There is need of funds sufficient for the continuous
operation of the eight mine-safety cars
now owned by the bureau, and for the purchase,
equipment, and maintenance in continuous service
of two additional cars. Every effort has
been made to equip and operate the cars on the
most economical basis consistent with efficient service,
and the strictest economy has been practiced
in the care and maintenance of the six mine-rescue
stations; but notwithstanding this fact, the cost
of the work of training miners made it impossible
to operate the cars during more than six and twothirds
mentbs of the fiscal year.
In the United States there are more than 700,-
000 coal miners, at more than 15,000 mines, from
which 500,000,000 tons of
COAL IS NOW PRODUCED
yearly. It is expected that ultimately mine-rescue
and first-aid work among this great, body of
men will be taken care of locally through the
training and organization of miners at each of the
larger mines or groups of mines in the different
coal fields; and that this work will then be supported
largely by the coal mining companies. Already
a number of the large coal mining companies
have purchased and installed at their mines
sets of mine-rescue and first-aid equipment, and
maintain local rescue stations at their own expense.
The number of such stations is steadily
increasing. The work undertaken, by the Bureau
of Mines is pioneer educational work, temporary
in character. Its chief purpose is the training
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
of a sufficient number of miners in different parts
of the country in first-aid, mine-rescue, and firefighting
methods, so that they may be easily organized
into local groups, or corps, equipped and
maintained by the mining companies, and distributed
so as to be within easy reach of all of
the larger mines. During the year more than
o0,0G0 miners have attended the lectures and demonstrations
given from these mine-safety cars, and
over 1,000 additional miners received training sufficient
to enable them to participate in actual minerescue
work, and more than twice that number
have been added to the list of miners trained in
first-aid practice.
A number of serious fires ancl other accidents in
metal mines during the past few years have shown
the urgent need of extending this first-aid and
even the mine-rescue training to mines of this
class, and the success that has attended the limited
work tbe bureau has been able to do at metalmine
disasters demonstrates beyond question the
urgency of this extension.
If provision can be made for operating these
mine-rescue cars for 10 months of the year, full
twice the number of miners would be trained, and
the general pioneer educational work among the
miners would be pushed forward at a correspondingly
increasing rate.
For the fuel investigations the bureau needs
new and more extensive equipment. The demands
from the various branches of
THE GOVERNMENT SERVICE
in connection with the purchase of coal and
oil by the Government and the efficient use of these
fuels have been too great for the bureau to meet.
The work required and its financial importance to
the Government are nearly four times now- what
they were only three years ago.
Over 11,500 samples of coal, lignite and fuel oil,
intended for the use of the Government, were analyzed
by the bureau in the past fiscal year. The
samples of coal represented 1,500,000 tons, valued
at approximately $4,750,000, and Government purchases
of fuel aggregating during the year not less
than $8,000,000 were based upon the general analyses
and examinations made by tbe Bureau of
Mines; whereas in the fiscal year ended June 30,
1909, only 3,299 samples, representing 611,362 tons
of coal, valued at $1,858,750, were examined.
The various inquiries in regard to the fuels belonging
to the Government need to be enlarged to
include more detailed study of the characteristics
of crude petroleums and fuel oils and their suitability
for more efficient use under steam boilers
or in internal-combustion engines. The studies
of the characteristics of the different coals and lignites
likewise- need to be carried on more actively
than heretofore, with especial reference to greater

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
economy and efficiency in the use of these fuels
by different branches of the Government service
in different parts of the country.
ft is for this work that much ot the new equipment
is needed to supplement and in some cases
lo replace: that now on hand and which, owing to
its constant use for eight years, needs to be replaced
or extensively repaired.
As a result of the investigation of mine explosions
and mine fires by tbe engineers under G. S.
Rice, chief mining engineer, the following features
have been noticed:
At a number of mines where disasters have
occurred the operators had considered the mines
non-gaseous, and accordingly had not taken sufficient
precautions to insure ventilation at the face.
Usually the mines had ample fan capacity, but
investigation showed that at the face there was
insufficient current, largely because of leaky stoppings.
In some mines too much reliance was
placed on line brattices to
CONDUCT THE AIR t URRENT
to the lace. In some mines rooms had been
turned ahead of the last break-through, so that
when a fall of roof had knocked down the brattice,
or curtains, or the doors on the roadways had been
carelessly left open for greater convenience in
haulage, there was no circulation of air, with the
result that gas had collected and been ignited by
an open light or the flame from a shot of black
powder or dynamite.
Several disasters were caused by the mine foremen
allowing miners with naked lamps to enter
districts containing gas, or by the fire boss endeavoring
to "brush" or fan out a pocket of gas
by using a coal or eanvas'^sheet and thus throwing
the inflammable gas upta an open light. In
the majority of American mir&s there is very little
inflammable gas (methane chiefly) under ordinary
conditions, but at a time of low barometer, or when
there has been a large fall of roof, or through encountering
a fault or crevice containing gas, dangerous
conditions arise suddenly between the time
when the mine is inspected in the early morning
and when the miner enters the working place.
Many such disasters have occurred in so-called
"non-gaseous mines" in which open lights were
used. When a mine is considered gaseous safety
lamps are generally used, and many other precautions
are taken. The absence of gas for days or
weeks lulls suspicion and causes relaxation of
effort on the part of the foreman. The remedy
would appear to be a greater extension of the use
of safety lamps.
In practically all the bituminous coal mines in
which disastrous coal dust explosions have occurred
the engineers of the bureau have observed that
no attention was paid to the accumulations of dry
coal dust in the inner workings. In some mines
near the shaft or on the main roads artificial
watering had been done, which satisfied the casual
visitor that the conditions were safe; but the inner
workings contained vast amounts of inflammable
coal dust, which, when ignited by a small explosion
of gas or a blown-out shot, or other cause, had
initiated an explosion that traversed not only these
inner workings but also more or less of the outer
roadways which had been more or less dampened
by sprinkling.
Even where an explosion has been stopped before
it reached the mouth of the mine
THE AFTERDAMP
gases have smothered the miners throughout a
much larger area than that traversed by the explosion.
None of the mines in which large dust
explosions have occurred had prior to the disaster
employed systematic humidifying with steam.
In many mines examined by the mining engineers
explosives were carelessly handled. In certain
instances the operators supposed that they
had admirable shot-firing and inspection systems,
but examination at tbe face disclosed that there
had been many blown-out shots. In some cases
it was found that detonators and explosives had
been kept in the same box, and that shot firers had
carried detonators in the same sack with the explosives.
Where firing had been done with a
battery it was found that many batteries were of
the ordinary dry-cell type without any safeguards.
In one accident during the year the state mine
inspector reported that a shot firer was killed by
putting a. dry-cell battery in the same sack with
detonators and explosives.
The use of permissible explosives that passed
the tests of this bureau bas much decreased the
dangers of igniting gas aj)d dust, but it has been
found that they have not heen used in some mines
according to the methods prescribed by the bureau;
that is, they have not been properly tamped or the
charge limit had been exceeded.
In many cases the miner has been permitted to
have too large a quantity of explosives in his possession.
In some states he is peimitted to have
25 pounds or more of black powder.
The method of bringing- explosives into the mine
and the method of storing them is bad at manymines.
Stringent regulations on this subject
should be made by state authorities. In some
districts kegs of powder or other explosives belonging
to the miners are left, exposed in their respective
working places instead of being placed in
tight boxes with locks.
Several disasters have been attributed to electric
arcs from grounds qr short circuits, igniting
coal dust or gas. Trolley haulage should not be

permitted in entries in which there is one-halt
per cent, or more of inflammable gas.
In a large number ot mines using electrical nia-
'•hinery if has been found that the installation was
very imperfect, particularly as regards insulation.
The use of electric-icy in coal mines is constantly
extending, and an increasing
NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS
has been attributed to its use; hence greater care
should be exercised in insulation. It would be
desirable if every coal mining state had an electrical
engineer on its inspection staff.
In all but two of the mines in which large disastrous
explosions have occurred during the past
few years open lights have been used. In many
of these mines there- was more or less inflammable
gas, generally not in noticeable quantities, but
sufficient to produce dangerous conditions under
certain circumstances. On the other hand, the
mines that have been considered and acknowledged
by the operators to be gaseous have generally been
free from explosions, although one smali disaster
was attributed to tbe imperfect condition of a
safety lamp. Safety lamps give a poorer light
and are especially Unsatisfactory for examination
of the roof and floor, but their use tends to produce
discipline and care in other directions.
Where used, however, they must be inspected daily
by some competent person. Fortable electriclamps
give much better light and are being adopted
to some extent in the Pennsylvania anthracite
field. Different types of electric lights for use
by miners are now under investigation by the
bureau at Pittsburgh. If the safety conditions
are to be improved, it seems probable that the use
of these electric lamps will be widely extended,
and will much lessen the danger of explosions ancl
mine fires that attends the use of open lights.
As already mentioned, there is great need tor
improvement in mine ventilation, especially at the
face where the miner works. Mine foremen are
sometimes too easily satisfied with sending clown
large volumes of air into the mine and disregard
the fact that it does not reach the face in sufficient
quantity to sweep away gases that may accumulate
there, either the fire damp from the coal
or poisonous gases from the powder used in bringing
down the coal. Generally the fan equipment
at coal mines is sufficient, but in many of these
mines the underground system of ventilation in
the more remote parts of the mines is not as effi­
cient as it should be. If is usually easy enough
to have good air along the main entries and haul­
age roads and manways, where the men travel,
but it is more difficult, though
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
JUST AS IMPORTANT,
to have good air at the places where tbe men
work during the day.
Some disastrous mine fires have occurred during
tlie past few years through gross carelessness in
handling open lights, or Iron, short ciicuits of electric
currents due to improper insulation, or from
underground power plants. These have been the
causes of fires in certain metal mines investigated,
as well as in coal mines. One bad fire, which occasioned
loss of life, was caused by setting fire to
oil used for lubrication. Such instances are due
both to the use of open lights ancl to the arrangements
for storing the oil or other inflammable material.
There has been a great disregard of danger
in the employment of w ood for underground
engine houses, pump rooms, and stcbles, which
are especially liable to fires. But in some districts,
following disastrous mine fires, as in Illinois
and in the anthracite fields of Pennsylvania,
many drastic improvements nave been made.
Similar precautions against mine fires should be
taken and facilities for fighting such fires should
be introduced in mines throughout the country,
without awaiting tbe occurrence of additional mine
disasters. A preliminary report on mine fires, by
G. S. Rice, has been prepared for publication as a
technical paper (No. 24), and another, by J. W.
Paul, has been prepared for publication as a miners'
circular (No. 10).
Many of the mines in this country have inadequate
facilities for escape in case of fire or explosion.
These should always be in duplicate, and
either escape way should provide adequate means
of exit from the mine. Few mines have sufficient
provision in the way of fiie-fighting equipment in
and about the exit ways. The state of Illinois
has passed some excellent laws and regulations for
fire fighting, but unfortunately very few of the
mining states have even fundamental regulations
requiring- such improvements.
Most victims of explosion disasters have been
overcome by afterdamp ancl not by violence or
burning, but some miners have escaped from disasters
by bratticing themselves oft in inner workings.
These facts show that'
HAD REFUGE CHAMBERS '
been provided many of the miners that were lost
might have been saved. Chambers of simple type
are easy to make, and the several engineers of the
bureau advise that all mines provide them. Even
if nothing more than several mine rooms or chambers
of ordinary size in different parts of the mine
were utilized, these could have tight-fitting doors
in duplicate, a supply of drinking water in sealed
bottles, a limited quantity of food in cans, a supply
of first-aid equipment, a few fire extinguishers,

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and, if practicable, a protected telephone. Such
rooms would prove useful under many conditions
arising in the daily routine of mining operations,
and would prove a good investment even though no
large disasters occurred. Rescue parties would
naturally aim to reach these rescue chambers
before making a random search throughout the.
mine; and in time of trouble, when ordinary escape
ways were blocked by poisonous gases or rock
falls, men in the mines would endeavor to reach
these safety chambers. Where the mines are not
deep, special holes might be bored from the surface
down into such chambers, through which holes
fresh air might be forced when needed below and
through which telephone lines could be run to tlie
surface.
While thus calling attention to the advantages
of such rescue chambers, the bureau has not urged
their installation as equal in importance to precautionary
measures looking to the prevention of
mine disasters. But interest in them increases
as it is realized that mine disasters may still occur
notwithstanding all precautions, though, let it be
hoped, at increasingly less frequent intervals.
By far the largest annual loss of lives in mines
is caused by falls of roof and coal; this is true of
metal mines as well as coal mines. The underlying
cause of this large loss, which in the calendar
year 1910 was 1,310 lives, and in 1911, 1,321
lives, is being sought by the mining engineers of
this bureau. Though the immediate cause- is lack
of sufficient timber, the mining system seems also
at fault, in view of the much smaller loss of life
per thousand employed in the mines of Europe.
Closely connected with this question is the reckless
use of explosives, which shatters the roof, and
the lack of sufficient direct supervision of the working
faces by the mine foremen. The use of less
timber and fewer mine foremen but
MORE POW'DER
in American coal mines as compared with those in
European countries meets the American demand
for cheaper coal, but at heavy cost in the loss of
human life and waste of fuel resources.
These facts need not be considered as a basis of
criticism of either the miner or the mine owner,
but they indicate an urgent need for recasting the
economic conditions under which the coal-mining
industry is now being operated.
Meanwhile the Bureau of Mines is beginning a
careful examination into the nature and means of
preventing accidents from these and other miscellaneous
causes.
The engineers engaged in these mining investigations
were G. S. Rice. J. J. Rutledge, R. Y. Williams,
Charles Enzian, A. H. Fay, and H. I. Smith.
The chief duties of the engineers are to go to mine
disasters, to make investigations into their causes
and prevention, and to assist in the mine rescue
work, if needed in such work; to conduct investigation
into tbe general safety conditions in mines
as regards the use of explosives, methods of ventilation,
gases present, the use of mining machinery,
the conditions surrounding mechanical haulage,
hoisting, and loading, the methods of mining
with a view to greater safety; of timbering; of
flushing or hydraulic filling methods such as are
employed in the anthracite field of Pennsylvania,
tbe investigation of spontaneous and other kinds
of mine fires, and of any ruining conditions that
may affect safety and efficiency.
With a view to determining the character of the
coal and the inflammability of the dust made in
mining the coal, samples are collected of both the
coal and the dust in each mine examined. Four
to six samples of coal are collected by the methods
adopted by the bureau at each of the mines visited.
During the year a large amount of mine sampling
was done, at the request of the Navy and the Panama
Railroad, to obtain preliminary information
necessary in tbe awarding of contracts. During
the visit to the mine in which the sampling is
being done the engineers gather general informa
tion regarding safety conditions of the mine.
Systematic mine-air sampling was done in Illinois,
and in the hard and soft coal fields of Pennsylvania,
in Alabama, and at
ALL THE VARIOUS MINES
at which disasters have occurred as part of the
general study of mine gases, and in some cases to
enable the bureau to warn operators of dangerous
conditions in their mines. Some of these samples,
particularly in West Virginia and Alabama, were
gathered at the request of the state inspectors, to
guide them in their official duties.
Many samples of coal dust were gathered in the
mines of various states, their inflammability was
tested, and the conditions surrounding the accumulation
of dust in these mines were studied.
Humidity observations were made in many of the
mines with a view to ascertaining what effect a
high or low percentage of humidity has in effectively
wetting coal dust with a view to lessening
its sensitiveness to ignition by the use of explosives
or by electric arcs or grounds.
Attention was given to the relative quantities of
dust produced by undercutting machines and the
relative inflammability of dust from different parts
of the same mine when mixed with different percentages
of inert rock dust or clay.
Several mine fires were investigated, the methods
of using stoppings were studied, and the gases
given off by the fires were sampled and analyzed
with a view to determining better methods of preventing
or controlling mine fires.
(TO BE CONTINUED MARCH 15)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
DONT'S THAT SHOULD BE OBSERVED BY OFFICIALS AT MINES.
EVERYBODY.
Don't fail to brighten the usual gray of life with
a bit of the rose-gold of kindness.
FOR OPERATORS AND SUPERINTENDENTS.
Don't try to work your new mines by the old
methods of yesterday.
Don't forget that the coal industry has problems
a-plenty.
Don't forget that the pit-committees are the
miners' representatives.
Don't forget the value of technical training for
practical men.
Don't forget to secure a certificate of test with
each new hoisting-rope purchased.
By James Taylor, Inspector Fourth District of Illinois.
Don't operate your mine-cais without bumpers.
Don't fail to provide sufficient handrails, or
rings, on the cage.
Don't employ other than certificated miners,
mine managers, mine examiners or hoisting engineers.
-;- £;j
Don't forget that the mine inspector is an officer
of the law. .. ,' »'A
Don't fail to have your scales tested.
Don't fail to report all accidents.
Don't forget to furnish the mine inspector and
recorder with a map of your mine.
Don't keep a miner in your employ who opens
a keg. of powder with a pick.
Don't forget that two places of egress are required
at all mines.
Don't say you are ignorant of the mining law.
Don't permit the crop of coal, which required
thousands of years to produce, to be wasted.
Don't place the powder-house at an unsafe distance
from other buildings.
Don't have a powder-house except it is fire-proof.
Don't employ more than ten men in the mini
at one time without having an escapement shaft.
Don't forget to have a sufficient number of
stretchers and blankets.
Don't fail to have a suitable supply of bandages,
linseed or olive oil at the mine.
Don't fail to have two or more safety-lamps at
your mine.
Don't fail to protect the lives of all your em­
ployes.
Don't neglect to provide a sufficient number of
props, caps, timbers, ties, spikes and rails.
FOR MINE MANAGERS.
Don't fail to work foi the interest of your com­
pany.
Don't forget the mining law.
Don't let your roadways get dusty.
Don't fail to sprinkle them with water.
Don't neglect to clear, them.
Don't omit to instruct your employes.
Don't let your drivers ride tail-chains.
Don't fail to furnish them a seat.
Don't let your signaling device get out of order.
Don't allow men to ride on the cage when the
safety-catches are out of order.
Don't fail to provide sufficient hand-rails, or
rings, on the cage.
Don't neglect the stairways in the escapement
shaft.
Don't fail to remember wdiat they are for.
Don't let a clay pass without having safetycatches
tested.
Don't fail to have hoisting-ropes tested before
men are lowered in the mine.
Don't omit to do whatever is necessary for
safety.
Don't fail to keep mine 'phones in working
order.
Don't be vulgar.
Don't let the ice obstruct the escapement shaft.
Don't forget your weekly inspection.
Don't fail to have the engine house fire-proof.
Don't forget your code of signals.
Don't say you did not know that your boilers
required steam gauges.
Don't forget that your certificate can be canceled.
Don't forget to furnish 100 cubic feet of air per
minute to each person working in the mine.
Don't, have poor ventilation in your mine when
the men are working.
Don't fail to have a sufficient number of splints.
Don't fail to make over-cast and stoppings air­
tight.
Don't fail to give instructions how to handle
powder.
Don't forget to keep hoisting rones in good condition.
Don't let the opportunity pass without warning
your men of danger.
Don't let any person handle powde- with n
lighted lamp en his head.
Don't swear or lie to your men.
Don't forget your fire-fighting equipment.
Don't fail to instruct all persons in your employ
to close the gates at the top of the shaft.
Don't be sorry to see the state inspector.

56
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Don't fail to put up sign-boards indicating the
direction to the escapement shaft.
Don't forget the distance that the escapement
shaft must be from the main shaft.
Don't get excited at the time of an accident.
Don't fail to keep cool.
Don't let water accumulate in the passageway
to the escapement shaft.
Don't omit to use the theimometer.
Don't, fail to withdraw (he men from the mine
when the fan is stopped.
Don't fail to have a record kept of the men lowered
and hoisted from the mine.
Don't forget that the stables in the mine must
not be on the intake air current.
Don't fail to have trappers at all principal doors
that do not open and close automatically.
Don't turn rooms in advance of the last open
cross-cut.
Don't neglect to have cross-cuts sixty feet apart.
Don't fail to have a sufficient number of refuge
places on your roadways.
Don't fail to have top and bottom men at their
posts at least a half hour before the hoisting of
coal begins in tbe morning, and to remain onehalf
hour •sfter hoisting ceases for the day.
Don't forget that you alone are responsible for
what you can't do and for what you don't know
about mining.
Don't fail to have fire-drills once In two weeks.
Don't forget that It is the uncertainty that
makes life worth while.
Den't foreet to wire the state and county mine
inspectors in case of fatal accidents.
Don't fail to have sufficient lights at the top
and bottom of the shaft.
Don't forget that boys under the age of 16 years,
and women or girls of any age. shall not work in
a coal mine.
Don't allow material to he hoisted while men
are on tbe cage.
Don't fall to have safetv-lamps at your mine.
Don't foreet the qualifications of a miner.
Don't allow poor oil to he burned in your mine.
Don't allow the lawful amount of powder.to he
used in one blast at your mine.
Don't omit to have vnnr shot-firers make an examination
of all drill-holes 'before- they are fired.
Den't violate the mining laws.
Don't fail to remember the penalties.
P-n't fall to be an up-to-date manager.
Don't let your temper get hot enough to he incandescent.
Don't fail to scrap for your rights and those or
tbe companv vou are working for.
Don't fail to give proper credit for work well
done, or dim the glory of another.
FOR THE MINER.
Don't forget to pass an examination.
Don't forget that "liberty" consists in the power
of doing that which is permitted by law.
Don't fail to understand the difference between
self-reliance and self-sufficiency.
Don't drill and charge "dead" holes.
Don't use an unlawful amount of powder in a
shot.
Don't fail to remove your lighted lamp from
your cap when handling powder.
Don't forget to use your copper needle, scraper
and tamper.
Don't tamp your shots with a scraper.
Don't use fine coal for tamping material.
Don't fail to refuse fo turn rooms ahead of the
last open cross-cut.
Don't fail lo have your working place sufficiently
1 cropped.
Don't forget your fellow miners at the time of
danger.
Don't fail to protect the company's property.
Don't orepare an unlawful shot.
Don't fail to produce coal in the best marketable
condition.
Don't fail to comply with the rules of the company
and the instructions of the mine manager
and shot firers.
Don't open a keg of powder with a pick.
FOR MINE EXAMINERS.
Don't fail to carry with you a safety-lamp and
sounding bar while making an examination of the
mine.
Don't fail to measure with an anemometer the
amount of air passing in the last open cross-cut
of each pair of entries, making record of same.
Don't, fail to report recent falls.
Don't fail to place danger signs when you find
gas.
Don't forget to secure entrance checks of all
men whose working places have been found in a
dangerous condition, and give the checks to the
mine manager.
Don't fail to place the date of your inspection
on the walls of each room, entry or roadway.
TOR SHOT-FIRERS.
Don't fail to observe whether the shots are prepared
in a practical and workmanlike manner.
Don't fail to post a notice indicating the number
of shots fired; also those you did not fire.
Don't forget to keep a daily record of your work.
Don't fail to examine drill-holes before they are
charged.
Don't fail to understand the meaning of "dead
holes."
Don't fire shots that are charged with an unlawful
amount of powder.

Don't fire shots too rapidly.
Don't, under any circumstances, fire an unlawful
shot.
FOR HOISTING ENGINEERS.
Don't forget that the men on the cage have no
control over their fate, and that they depend upon
your skill and attention while being hiosted and
lowered into the mine.
Don't let your signaling device get out of order.
Don't fail to have u good brake on the hoisting
drum.
Don't forget that the drum must have flanges.
Don't neglect your cable fastenings.
Don't omit to have an indicator on your engine
Don't forget the code of signals.
Don't start the engine until you get the correct
signal.
Don't fail to keep hoisting-ropes in good condition.
Don't get excited when you have an accident
Keep cool.
Don't forget the lawful speed at which men
should be hoisted or lowered into the mine.
Don't talk while operating your engine.
Don't let the fan stop during the night for want
of steam.
FOR DRIVERS.
Don't abuse the animals you drive.
JEFFREY SWING HAMMER PULVERIZER.
The Jeffrey Swing Hammer Pulverizer for laboratory
use, manufactured by the Jeffrey Manufacturing
Co.. Columbus, O., is fully described in
Bulletin No. 40 just issued.
This machine is built
especially for laboratory
use in reducing many materials
to a fine uniform
product for various purposes.
It is especially useful in
sampling coal and various
ores, as it not only reduces
the sample to a comparatively
fine powder, but thoroughly
mixes it into one
homogeneous mass. It also
lias a place in many industries
where a heavy duty or
large capacity is not required.
While any high speed machinery
is better for being
placed OTI a solid concrete
leundation, yet this machine
is so well built that it gives very good service
when mounted on timbers on an ordinary wood
floor, as would be necessary in placing same on
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
Don't ride the tail-chain.
Don't fail to secure a seat.
Don't slide youi feet on the rails when driving.
Don't fail to report all poor track.
Don't drive tinder loose rock or broken timbers.
Don't forget to close the doors where there are
no trappers.
Don't enter the stables with a lighted lamp, pipe,
etc.
ALABAMA CONSOLIDATED COAL
AND IRON PLAN OPERATIVE.
The plan of the committee representing the assenting
stock of the Alabama Consolidated Coal &
Iron Co.'s shareholders, preferred and common,
for the acquiring of the properties of the Alabama
company, was declared operative by the committee
Feb. 21. These plans are in conformity with the
terms set forth in the letter of the committee to
the stockholders, dated Dec. 18, 1912, with some
slight changes, the final plan carrying with it the
reduction in the proposed capital as stated in said
letter.
A call will be issued shortly for the first payment
by the subscribing stockholders and underwriters.
one- of the upper floors of a factory building.
A very fine laboratory outfit consists of a pulverizer
directly connected to an electric motor.
Both are mounted on a single cast iron base and
Jeffrey Swing Hammer Pulverizer direct-connected to an Electric Motor.
may be placed in any convenient position and are
furnished complete ready to run.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Argyle Coal Co., Oak Hill, W. Va.; capital, $50,
000; incorporators, R. W. Thurmond, T. H.
Hooper, E. J. Payne and George M. Jones, of Oak
Hill, W. Va.. and Angus W. McDonald, of Charleston.
Elkholm Fuel Co., Ashland, Ky.; authorized
capital, $150,000; incorporators, E. D. Davis, Jr.,
John S. Hager, K. M. Fitzgeiald, Thomas Boggess,
Jr., and W. T. Wheeler, all of Ashland, Ky.
Mineral Fuel Co., Fairmont, W. Va.; capital,
$1,200,000; incorporators, James O. Watson, A. B.
Fleming, Walton Miller, C. M. Alexander and
Brooks Fleming, Jr., all of Fairmont.
Stanton Georges Creek Coal Co., Frostburg, Md.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, Louis Stanton of
Frostburg: William T. Stanton and Gustave Stanton
of Grantsville, Md.
Ross Coal Co., Fairmont, W. Va.; capital, $75,-
000; incorporators. C. E. Hutchinson, C. H. Jenkins,
E. C. Curry, R. A. Johnson and H. M. Pierpont.
all of Fairmont.
Buffalo Creek Coal Co., Pittsburgh; capital, $25,-
000; incorporators. David A. Ross, C. B. Clark,
C. L. Glass and C. E. Meyer, Pittsburgh, and George
M. Bilger. Clearfield.
Jones Coal & Coke Co., Dayton, O.; capital, $25,-
000; incorporators, O. C. Jones, H. H. Baker, D. G.
Gayle, Marie Hay Gale, Helen Jones Baker.
Arkansas Anthracite Coal Co.; Russellville, Ark.;
capita], $100,000; incorporators. W. R. Barrett,
Thomas M. Barrett and W. H. Barrett, Jr.
Two Rivers Coal Co., Danville, 111.; capital, $100,-
000; incorporators, R. H. Sherwood, Jr., W. C.
Hartsboro, and J. W. Hegeler.
Lidalia Coal Co.. Johnstown, Pa.; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, B, H. Campbell, L. W. Preston and
J. W. Preston, Johnstown.
YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
CAN get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
§TheJ. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
S Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING. OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
Caney Cannel Coal Co., Paris, Ky.; capital, $1,-
009; incorporators, P. J. Johnson, William Kenney
and Frank M. Faries.
Purity Coal Co., Louisville, Ky.; capital, $8,000;
incorporators, A. H. Gardner, R. H. Tydings and
J. T. Gardner.
Charlotte Coal & Grain Co., Charlotte, la.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, C. W. Beeby and F. L.
Butzloff.
NEW PUBLICATIONS BUREAU OF MINES.
(List 16—February, 1913).
Second Annual Report of the Director of the
Bureau of Mines, 1911-12. J. A. Holmes, Director.
1912. 88 pp.
BULLETIN.
Bulletin 45. Sand available for filling mine
workings in the Northern Anthracite Coal Basin
of Pennsylvania, by N. H. Darton. 1912. 33 pp.
8 pis.
TECHNICAL PAPER.
Technical Paper 32. The cementing process of
excluding water from oil wells as practiced in
California, by Ralph Arnold and V. R. Garfias.
1912. 10 pp.
MINERS' CIRCULAR.
Miners' Circular 11. Accidents from mine cars
and locomotives, hy L. M. Jones. 1912. 16 pp.
The Bureau of Mines has copies of these publications
for free distribution, but cannot give more
than one copy of the same "bulletin to one person.
Requests for all papers cannot be granted without
satisfactory reason. In asking for publications
please order them by number and title.
Applications should be addressed to the Director
of the Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.
CAR SURPLUSAGE STILL INCREASES.
The Fe-bruary 1st report of the American Railway
Association shows a net increase in car supply
of 8,821, of which 3,535 is credited to coal cars.
As compared with the last preceding report there
is an increase in the surpluses of 8,815, a decrease
shortage of 6, making the net increase as stated
S,821.
Comparative figures are:
1913. Surplus. Shortage. Net Surplus.
January 31 62.045 24,785 37,260
January 15 53,230 24,791 28,439
The Tygarts River Coal Co., Philadelphia, has
been adjudged an involuntary bankrupt by the
United States court in that city, and Alfred Driver
has been named referee to adjudicate the
claims of creditors.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 69
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
COAL
ERED US PATENT <
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Utah Railway Co., Salt Lake City, Utah, is
said to be considering the purchase of 500 coal cars.
Charging the Pennsylvania railroad with discrimination
the Clark Brothers Coal Mining Co.
has filed suit in the United States court at Philadelphia
against the railroad company to recover
alleged damages and interest totaling $40,341.83.
The bill of complaint sets out that the amount
named in the bill is in accordance with a report
and order of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
The Inverness Railway & Coal Co. of Cape Breton
Island, Nova Scotia, has ordered what is believed
to be the largest mine hoist in the world.
The hoist is designed to lift a train of 12 cars,
each car weighing 1,150 pounds and containing one
ton of coal. It will be required to pull this load
up a two-mile incline, which is 16 degrees at the
surface and 35 degrees at the bottom.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
Located in the famous Southern
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and
General Map of the Bituminous
of unsurpassed quality and quantity,
with excellent shipping facilities.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
k bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre Haute, lnd.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
FOR SALE.
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
We have in stock for immediate delivery, the
following hoisting engines:
4 Pairs of 8" x 10."
4 Pairs of 10" x 12."
4 Pairs of 12" x 16."
Write for prices and description.
THE EXETER MACHINE WORKS,
Pittston, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMEEICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville R. R.., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Madison ville, Ky.
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1009-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
ihe names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTBVILLX, PA..

Contributors to the fund being raised to furnish
and equip the Miners' hospital at Frostburg, Md.,
included the Consolidation Coal Co., which gave
$700, and the Biack-Sheridan, Wilson Co., which
gave $100. A total of $3,484.70 has been contributed.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
The Operators Coal Co. of Johnstown, Pa., has
purchased the property of the Pennsylvania
Smokeless Coa! Co., at Holsopple. Pa., consisting
of two mines and 1,000 acres of coal. The output
is 1,000 tons per day and the new owners plan
to increase the amount.
The Langcliffe Coal Co. has applied to the court The shipment of coal over the Western Maryof
Lackawanna county, Pa., for a decree of disso- land railroad for the year 1912 was 2,893,038 tons
lution. as compared with 2,571,464 tons in 1911.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
m
FAMOUj
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C O ^ A V
PENNSYLVANIA.
J V
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
3
~ \
Miners and Shipper* of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
OBNERAL OFFICE
MlM: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES, Latrobe, Penna.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
j Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE nfli/r
FOUNDRY I. II K h
CRUSHED UUIlLl
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GENERAL OFFICES: - - - - GREENSBURG, PA.
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GREENSBURG. PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
ACME AND AVONDALE
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LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, !
LATROBE, PA.
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APOLLO COAL CO.
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MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF J
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL I
AND J
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN S
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GENERAL OFFICES. . . . GREENSBURG, pA. |
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GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, MARCH 15, 1913 No. 8
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and iemittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mall Matter.]
STEADY DEMAND FOR COAL ON CONTRACT FEATURES
SUE .MARKET j list now, with the spot trade some­
what erratic, depending on the weather or what­
ever other phase of everyday lite may be upper­
most. This steady demand on the part of eon- fuel agents not to expect contracts lor the coming
tractees has had its effect on prices, and there is
not the least semblance of a desire to shade things
to get product moving. In fact, the announce­
ment has gone forth in some instances that future
contracts will be at higher figures than the one
now in force. Mines are not operating as fully
as they were some weeks ago, but there is little
diminution in tonnage, save in certain sections.
All eyes just now are turning toward the lake
season, which is expected to open earlier than for
the last two years. Already a considerable ton­
nage has been contracted tor and plans are being
put in force by carriers to get coal bound lakeward
as quickly as possible so as to have plenty on the
docks when the shipping season opens.
The labor situation is looked upon with some
apprehension just at this time, particularly in
some of the fields, as the managers of operations
fear the departure of labor that came in late in
the fall. This labor, it is intimated, will seek
employment on outdoor public works and thus will
cut down the available supply.
In the Pittsburgh district the steady demand of
consumers with contracts is notable. The ton­
nage absorbed in this way continues to show a
decidedly heavy total, while the spot trade is
spasmodic. The operators of the district are
getting tnings in shape for the opening of the lake
shipping season, and considerable coal is expected
to go forward shortly in this iine of trade. Mines
are not operating more than three-fourths capacity,
and a number of the larger mines are engaged
in making repairs incidental to getting out a
larger tonnage as the warmer weather approaches.
The matter of prices is satisfactory in the main,
and there is a disposition to advance them, par­
ticularly where the prices heretofore have been
considered too low. This applies to the trans­
portation interests more than to any other, and
it is said the larger companies have notified the
year at the old rate. Thus it can be seen that
list prices easily are maintained, and they are:
Run-of-mine coal, .$1.30 to $1.40; three-quarter
coal, $1.40 to $1.50; inch and one-quarter coal,
$1.50 to $1.60; slack, 90 cents to $1.
Tne coke market has taken a little slump insofar
as tonnage is concerned, the iast report showing
a decrease of twenty thousand tons lor the week
over that of the previous week. This was due
mainly to the decrease in demand of furnaces, but
with the outlook in the iron and steel trade re­
maining good, the manufacturers do not antici­
pate any permanent decline. There is still some
complaint over labor scarcity, and the Connells­
ville coke manufacturers are among those who
fear the openfng up of outdoor improvements will
affect their labor supply still lurther. But th?
lowering of tonnage, the short laoor supply and
all other hindrances have failed to make any
change in prices and they remain practically at
the same figure they were when the month opened.
It is true some coke of inferior quality from out-

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
side the Connellsville region has sold at a little
lower price, but it has no effect on the regular
trade. Prices are held at $2.50 to $2.75 for fur­
nace coke and $3.50 to $3.75 for foundry coke.
The anthracite trade is experiencing something
ot a between seasons condition. Some of the
larger companies are shutting down their plants
lor a portion of the time, and other large concerns
are beginning to pile up the tonnage in their huge
storage yards. This seems to indicate that there
is a falling off in demand, but, as there remains
but a half month until the summer price period is
here, it maj lie that the trade is waiting for that
time to ascertain just what will be done with prices
before ordering coal in large quantities. It also
may be that producers, knowing just what the
market probably will require, would rather leave
tbe coal in the ground lhan have it stored at the
surface and thus avoid putting capital where it
may be tied up longer than they desire.
* * *
THE PROPOSED LAW PROTECTING COAL .MINES, and
gas and oil wells that are drilled througn coal
seams, is printed on another page of this issue of
TIIE COAI. TRADE BULLETIN. The bill is tentative,
Here's to you, "Billy" Wilson, and your new de­
and is presented to the interests affected by the
partment of labor. You've got a big job ahead of
committee in order thai it may have the careful
you, but may "good luck go wid ye."
consideration of all concerned. Bills along the
* * *
line indicated are to be introduced into the legis­
Judging by trade conditions the coal man will
latures of different states, and Pennsylvania prob­
have no difficulty in digging up the "kale" for a
ably will have the first one. Coal, oil and gas
new Easter "bonnet."
men should read the bill carefully, study its pro­
* • •
visions and. in every way familiarize themselves
Gov. Tener in his appointment of the bituminous
with the proposed measure. It is conceded by the
examining board again proved he is "Johnny on
trade that something must be done. Here is a
the spot."
step forward in the matter. Therefore the trade
* » •
should give is the best of consideration, and where "Big Coal" evidently is coming into its own,
defects may be discovered they should be made
known.
judging from the annual report.
* * *
PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON- SELECTED CONGRESS­
The Pennsylvania railroad has made a lake shipping
rate of 68 cents fiom the Allegheny valley
MAN- XV. B. WILSON as the first incumbent of the mines north of Kiskiminetas Junction to Erie,
new Department of Labor. In thus choosing the Pa. This is a reduction of 10 cents from last
former official of the United Mine Workers, the
season.
President gave official recognition to union labor
and chose for the post a man whom nearly every
coal man in the country has come in contact with
at some time or othei, and one whom they always
found ready to uphold a conservative course.
That he will have a difficult task ahead of him in
organizing the new department, and getting things
running smoothly, no one questions, as no one
questions his ability to fulfill the duties of the
office.
* * *
DISTINCTLY FAVORABLE IS THE REPORT of the Pitts­
burgh Coal Co. appearing on another page. Pro­
ducing more eoal during the past year than in
any year of its history, the company made strides
in the way of increased earnings that should be
gratifying to the stockholders, as well as to the
holders of its securities. A perusal of the report
indicates that the officials aie doing all in their
power to add to the financial resources of the cor­
poration.
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS
Prom the testimony before the military court in
West Virginia there must have been some minia­
ture Napoleon planning the campaigns of early
February.
* * *
The Mississippi River Commission, Liggett building,
St. Louis, will receive bids up to noon Apri!
5. for 380,000 bushels of coal in barges. Maj.
Clark S. Smith, C. E., U. S. A., secretary of the
commission, will furnish blanks and information.

COMMITTEE ON SAFETY IN MINES WHERE
GAS AND OIL WELLS ARE COMMON
FORMULATES BILL TO BE PRESENTED
TO STATE LEGISLATURES.
The committee of coal operators, oil and gas men,
named to consider the question of protecting the
coal mines and the wells through legislative enactment,
met in the Oliver building, Pittsburgh, March
11, and heard the report of the sub-committee appointed
to draft a bill to be presented to legislatures
in the states affected.
This sub-committee consisted of Messrs. XV. L.
McCoy, superintendent, of the gas interests of the
Philadelphia Co.; F. B. Moore, chief engineer ot
the Consolidated Coal Co., Fairmont, W. Va., and
0. P. Hood, chief mechanical engineer of the Bureau
of Mines Experiment Station in Pittsburgh.
Their report aroused considerable discussion, and
after some debate and changing of the proposed
bill the follov/ing measure was adopted:
Ax ACT
To provide for the location, drilling, casing, protecting,
operating, abandoning, plugging and filling
of natural gas and petroleum wells, and for
the protection ami preservation of life and property,
especially in and about coal mines in gas
and oil regions, creating the office of chief inspector
of natural gas and petroleum wells, and
providing penalties for the violation of this Ac:.
ARTICLE 1. I1EFIN IT ION S.
Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., that for the purposes
of this Act, the terms and definitions contained
therein shall be as follows:
Well.—A bore hole drilled for the purpose of
developing natural gas or petroleum, or a borehole
producing natural gas or petroleum.
Well Operator.—Any person, persons, firm, partnership,
corporation, company, or association, who
drills, operates or abandons, or purposes to drill,
operate or abandon such well as hereinbefore defined.
Coal Operator.—Any person, persons, firm, partnership,
corporation, company, or association, owning,
leasing or operating coal mines, or coai properties,
but excluding coal stripping operations.
Plat.—A map, drawing, or print, made in accordance
with the provisions of this Act, as hereinafter
contained.
Casing.—The pipe commonly used within wells
drilled for natural gas and petroleum. The sizes
of casing refer to nominal commercial dimensions.
Cement Mortar.—Cement moi tar shall consist of
one part of Portland cement, two parts clean sand,
mixed with sufficient water.
Ccal Bed.—A workable bed or seam of coal that
may be mined during the reasonable life of a well
proposed to be drilled through it.
The Well Inspector.—The chief inspector of nat­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
ural gas and petroleum wells, or his duiy authorized
deputy.
ARTICLE 2.—LOCATION OF WELL.
Section 1. When a location for a well has been
made, the well operator shall make application in
writing to the chief weil inspector, for a license
to drill, and send therewith a description and plat
in duplicate of the proposed location.
Section 2. The location shall be determined by
survey, and the description and plat shall give the
courses and distances fiom two permanent points
on the boundaries of the tract of land upon which
the well is located, together with the name of the
tract of land, names of adjoining tracts, townships,
or district and county.
Section 3. The well operator shall send to the
coal operator, if known, and to the state coal mine
inspector, a copy of the description and plat filed
with the chief well inspector.
Section 4. Immediately on the receipt of the
plat the coal operator shall verify the well location
and mail to the well operator a plat showing
the present and proposed mine workings under the
tract of land on which the proposed well is located.
Section 5. The license to drill shall issue immediately
on the expiration of five days (excluding
legal holidays) after the application and the
plat of location have been received by the well inspector
unless he makes or shall have received
notice of complaint during that time.
Section 6. If notice of complaint is made by
or served on the well inspector within the said
five days, then it shall be the duty of the well
inspector to confer with the several interests, including
the state mine- inspector, eoal operator,
well operator, and where possible the owner of the
land and of the royalty interest, and designate,
within ten days of the receipt of the application
for license, a suitable location for the well, or ii
no well can be drilled on the premises because of
conditions hereinafter specified, refuse to issue a
license to drill.
Section 7. If the well is relocated, a re-survey
shall be made by the well operator, and corrected
description and plat mailed as previously required.
Section 8. Each coal operator shall furnish annually,
to the inspector, a plat of all of his present
and immediate proejeted mining operations within
the state showing the location of all known wells.
The coal operator shall also furnish if requested.
to any well operator, a plat of the mine under the
leases or property owned or operated by the said
well operator.
Section 9. No well shall be located within three
hundred (300) feet of a hoisting or air shaft, slope
or drift into an artificially ventilated coal mine
when not definitely abandoned or sealed, nor shall
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 56)

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"BILLY" WILSON MADE FIRST HEAD OF
NEW GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT.
President Woodrow Wilson when inducted into
office March 4. sent to the Senate the name of
William B. Wilson, member of Congress from
Pennsylvania, as Secretary of Labor, and the nomination
was confirmed promptly.
One of the last official acts of President XV. H.
Taft was to sign the bill passed by Congress creating
the Department of Labor and the selection oi
the first incumbent of the office fell to President
Wilson.
"Billy" Wilson, the new secretary, is better
known, perhaps, to the coal trade- than any other
cabinet member, for there is scarcely an operator
of prominence or a miner—prominent or otherwise—who
had not come in contact with him during
the years when he was a coal miner at Blossburg:
secretary-treasurer of the Mine Workers of
Central Pennsylvania. 01 International secretarytreasurer
of the Mine Workers.
JOSEPH RAMSEY, Jr., SUES RAIL AND RIVER
COMPANY FOR HALF MILLION DOLLARS.
Joseph Ramsey. Jr.. Hied a bill in equity, involving
nearly naif ,\ million dollars in the United
States District Court at Pittsburgh, March 11. He
claims this as his share of the price paid by the
Grand Trunk Pacific Development Co. to the Rail
& River Coal Co. for the latter's holdings in Belmont
county, O. Mi. Ramsey is represented in
the suit by Attorneys A. M. Neeper and Frank P.
Patterson.
The defendants are the Rail & River Coal Co
and the Rail & River Coal Co. Syndicate, which
was a pooling organization of stockholders; Isaac
W. Frank, who acted as trustee for the corporation
and the syndicate, and W. L. Kann, Isaac W
Frank. Joseph R. Paull, Augusta Kaufmann, Alfred
B. Kaufmann. Raymond M. Kaufmann, Chester
Kaufmann, Edwin Kaufmann, Edward Kneeland.
H. A. Huhn and W. R. Woodford, as stockholders,
bondholders and officers of the coal company.
Mr. Woodford was president; Mr. Kami
vice president; Raymond Kaufmann, secretary,
and Mr. Frank, treasurer.
The action arises from the fact that Mr. Ramsey
claims to have effected the sale of the coal
company property consisting of 32,000 acres of coal
and the complete equipment for operation to the
development company through the late Charles
M. Hays, who afterward went to his death in the
wreck of the Titanic. Many of the papers involved
in the action are said to have been lost in
that disaster. Mr. Hays was president of the
Grand Trunk Railways system.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS TO MEET
IN PITTSBURGH, APRIL 18 and 19.
The meeting of the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers will be held in Pittsburgh April
IS and 19 under the auspices of the new committee
which has just been named on the "Use of
Electricity in Mines," of whici Mr. George R.
Wood, consulting engineer of the Berwind-White
Coal Mining Co.. is chairman
A number o! interesting papers covering the
various phases of this subject have been promised
and it is expected an interesting discussion will
take place.
Owing to the location of the meeting in the
beait of the bituminous coal mining district, it is
expected a large number of coal mine papers will
lie presented.
THE NEW BOARD OF EXAMINATION
FOR MINE INSPECTORS.
Governor Tener has no doubt won the approbation
of Pennsylvania coal producers and all in interest
in selecting the new Board of Examiners of
mine inspectors for the bituminous coal districts
of Pennsylvania. The members of the board as
constituted are: Messrs. A. W. Calloway, general
manager of the Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal &
Iron Company and associated interests, Indiana;
Robert Morris, chief engineer of the Mountain Coa!
Company, Greensburg; C. B. Maxwell, general manager
of the Morrisdale Coal Company, Morrisdale:
Harry C. Drum, superintendent Vesta Coal Company.
California; Robert M. Pollock, superintendent
Washington Coal & Coke Company, Star Junction.
The board met in Pittsburgh recently and
organized with Mr. Calloway as president and Mr.
Maxwell as secretary. The Governor is to be congratulated
on his discriminating choice of the
members of this board. The board is to meet to
examine mine inspectors at the Monongahela
House in Pittsburgli. Tuesday, April 1st. About
2oo applicants are enrolled and the sessions are
expected to extend over fifty days. Last year
about 160 applicants were examined the work consuming
42 days.
Or. I. C. White, state geologist of West Virginia,
was re-elected to that position at a meeting of the
West Virginia Geological survey in Charleston.
March 7. At the same time Messrs. Ray Hennen.
C. E. Krebs and D. B. Reger were chosen assistant
geologists, the first two being re-elected.
Mr. Rembrandt Peale has been ill at his home in
New York for the past fortnight. His hosts of
friends will be .glad to know that he has almost
fully recovered.

WEST VIRGINIA MILITARY COMMISSION IS
HEARING CASES IN PAINT CREEK ZONE
AND COURT UPHOLDS MARTIAL LAW.
Despite all efforts of the defendants to escape
trial at the hands of the military commission, in
the strike zone of West Virginia, tne courts have
upheld the right oi the governor to declare martial
law and the right of the military tribunal to tr;
prisoners brought before it. This was the outcome
of the hearing before Judge Littlepage, in
Kanawha county, as that jurist, in the lace of tbe
decision of the Supreme Court of Appeals, ruled
he had no jurisdiction in the case.
March 12, when the writ of prohibition came'
up for a hearing before Judge Littlepage, he ruled.
that, because of the decisions of the Supreme
Court of Appeals, in the cases before the higher
tribunal last year, he had no jurisdiction in the
case then pending before him. and discharged the
writ, of prohibition. The military commission
at once resumed hearing the cases.
March 13 William R. Gray, who had accused
Detective Frank Smith with an attempt at bribery,
was arrested on a charge ol perjury, and
will be tried before the commission.
Rumors were rile that the United Mine Workers
intended calling a general strike in West Virginia,
April 1, but the officials of the organization refused
to confirm the rumor.
The Supreme Court of Appeals, Feb. 28. decided
against the contention of attorneys for "Mother"
Jones, Paul J. Paulson, Charles H. Boswell and
Charles Battley. who had asked for a writ of
habeas corpus, and ruled that Gov. Glasscock not
only had the right to declare martial law- but that
the prisoners could lie detained by the military
authorities.
President Judge George Poffinbarger, in delivering
the opinion of the court, said:
"We find in the present cases several questions
involved. We construe the return of the governor
to assert a right of detention in such cases, even
outside the military zone. We think that inasmuch
as the statute says the governor may arrest
and detain prisoners who are aiding and abetting
insurrection until the insurrection is suppressed
and order is restored, it authorizes him to do so
in such cases as these, and is not in violation of
the constitutional provision against deprivation of
life, liberty and property, without due process of
law.
"The detention does not amount to a sentence
of imprisonment, but oniy follows upon an arrest.
We are not deciding whether these prisoners may
be tried by the military commission for conspiracy
to commit murder, or under the red men's act,
but simply that the governor may detain them as
at present.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
"We have carefully gone over the former decision
of the court in the Nance and Mays cases,
and the additional authorities in the present cases,
as well as sucn others as wc have been able to
refer to: and we are of the opinion that the governor
has a right to detain the prisoners at the
present time, and foi- that reason refuse to discharge
upon the writ of habeas corpus."
Rumor was rife March 3 that dissensions have
broken out among the strikers, the radicals being
lor active resistance to the military, while President
Thomas Carries and other officials of the
union arc- outspokenly in favor of obeying the
authorities.
The same date Gov. Glasscock issued an order
detailing a new military commission to sit for
Ihe trial of all offenders, its personnel being: Col.
C. Joliffe. Capt. John L. Hunt, Capt. Edward C.
Bassel. Capt. Charles Neptune, all of the First
Infantry, and Capt. W. W. White of the Second
Infantry. Lieut. Col. George S. Wallace remains
as judge advocate.
March 6 Judge Samuel C. Littlepage of the Circuit
Court of Kanawha county awarded a temporary
writ of prohibition asked for by Attorneys
A. M. Belcher and Harold Houston, representing
"Mother" Jones, Charles H. Boswell, Charles Bartlev,
Paul J. Paulson and all othe: persons nowheld
for trial at Camp Pratt by the military commission,
and made it returnable March 8.
Mar"h 7 the military commission began the trial
of the 49 persons charged with various crimes.
The defendants were: Mary Jones, Charles H
Boswell, Charles Bartlty, Paul Paulson. Grady
Everett. Charles Lanham, Sanford Kirk. Jim Pike,
W. H. Patrick, John Seacrist, Ernest Odell, John
Odell, John Seceto, S f eve Yeager, Frazier Garrett,
Leonard Clark, G. W. Lavender. Emery J. Sowards,
William Price, Boyd Holley, Cleve Vickers,
Ed Gray, Os-ar Pe-ttry. Will Perdue, W. H. Adkins,
C. v. Parsons, John W. Brown, A. D. Lavender,
Charles Wright, Charles Gillispie, Ernest Craigo,
John Johns, E. B. Vickers, Bert Nutter. Carl Morgan,
Robert Parrish, Clyde E. Bowe. W. Lawrence
Perry, John Prime. Harrison Ellis. Charles
Keeney. J. D. Zeller, George W. McCoy, Tip Belcher,
Tom Mickel. H. V. Craise, W. H. H. Huffman
and Cal. J. Newman.
Tne group is charged with conspiracj and murder.
There are five specifications: Conspiraey
to murder Fred O. Bobbitt, J. R. Vance and Thomas
Nesbitt; the murder of Bobbitt and Vance; conspiracy
to destroy personal property of the Paint
Creek Collieries Co.; conspiracy to slay John
Crockett and R. L. Taylor, and accessories after
the fact to the murder of Bobbitt and Vance.
The first sensational evidence came when John
Jones and Charles Wright, both colored and claim-

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ing Crown Hill as their residence, and Charles
Gillespie, white and claiming Elk Ridge us his
residence, were put on the stand and confessed to
their part in the attack and implicated about 15
others, whose names they gave.
Sheriff Bonner II. Hill, of Kanawha county, went
to Camp Pratt the same day to advise the com­
mission of the action of Judge Littlepage. in
granting a writ of prohibition, but when he
alighted from the train at the place he was met
by the Provost Marsha], Captain John C. Bond,
who advised him that he would not be allowed to
serve any papers in the martial law district.
The reason for this was the contention of the
military authorities that the question of jurisdic­
tion by the military commission has twice been
decided by tbe Supreme Court of Apeals, the state's
highest tribunal, in favor of the state, and that
the object of the petitioners in obtaining a writ of
prohibition is only to delay a hearing of the cases.
The sensational feature of the testimony on
March S came when Frank C. Smith of the W. J.
Burns Detective Agency testified lie had spent five
months in the mining region and in Charleston,
had associated with the mineis in their camps
and at their meetings, and ate and drank with
them. Able to speak several languages. Smith
said he had little trouble to ascertain the secrets
of the movements at destruction of life and prop­
erty.
Frequently in his testimony Smith pointed out
some one in the group of defendants, calling him
by name, and detailing alleged conversations with
him. Smith testified he spent February 7, S and!
9 between Charleston and various points in the
martial law district; on Febiuary 10 he went to
Holley Grove on Paint Creek, where he met 20
men, all armed, and that Steve Acree. a Slav, in­
formed him they bad been waiting for three days
to shoot up tbe "Bull Moose" train, which they
intended to wreck by taking up two rails to ditch
it. He said the., operated with signals and told
how the Holley Grove group marched in two squads
to Hansford in tbe evening of February 10 and
how the lights were turned out at Hansford. He
I old o f ' men moving about with loaded guns, ot
inquiries over tbe telephone as to when the train
conveying the soldiers would leave Charleston and
cf receiving the report and the probable time of
its arrival: who was supposed to be in charge of
Ihe dynamite to 'ie used to wreck the train, and
then of how some of the armed men became sus­
picious of him and wanted to kill him. and finally
ol' bow John W. Brown, he said, saved his life by
telling tlie miners Smith was all right and not to
disturb him. but ordered him to start down the
railroad track and keep going. This command,
he said, he obeyed.
Smith testified that, he went to Chelyan Februaiy
7, and *he following day met "Mother" Jones,
Charles Batley and others, and that "Mother"
Jones told the miners they "had a yellow streak
in them" and "ought to be beaten up by the guards
for standing for the treatment they were receiv­
ing."
The military commission March S filed a state­
ment with Judge Littlepage, of the Kanawha
Circuit Court, holding the commission was not an
inferior tribunal and the question raised had been
decided in their favor by the Supreme Court of
Appeals.
Thirty-nine of the 49 persons on trial filed a plea
in abatement with the same court, setting forth
they did not desire to be a party to the writ of pro­
hibition and tiiat ehey were satisfied with the hon­
esty and integrity of the military commission to
give a fair trial.
Among the other witensses who were examined
by the commission March 8 was T. L. Lewis of
Ohio, former president of the United Mine Work­
ers of America.
Circuit Judge S. D. Littlepage ot Kanawha
county, March 10, issued a rule for Governor Hat­
field, requesting him to appear forthwith and show
cause why the accused strikers should not be re­
leased to tiie civil authorities. Governor Hat­
field, being out of the martial law district, was
served with a summons and appeared in the Kan­
awha Circuit Court with Attorney General A. A.
Lilley on March 11.
Gov. Hatfield entered a plea of abatement, deny­
ing tbe right of the circuit court to review the
proceedings, and cited the decision of the Supreme
Court of Appeals, A hich affirmed the right of
the former military commission to try cases and
that of the governor to declare martial law.
The military commission, in the meantime, sus­
pended its hearing of the cases until Judge Little­
page hands down his decision.
A foreclosure of the mortgage held on the prop­
erty of the Great Lakes Coal Co. by the Common­
wealth Trust Co., as trustees, is asked for in a
bill in equity filed March t, by the Commonwealth
Trust Co. of Pittsburgh against the Great Lakes
Coal Co., a $5,000,000 corporation of the state of
Pennsylvania, and Van Horn Ely. receiver of the
Great Lakes Coal Co. Ely was appointed receiver
of the coal company last August 6. The bill asks
for tbe sale of the property of the coal company
and that the proceeds M' the sale lie distributed
among the bondholders, and that the bondholders
lie permitted to purchase the property at public
sale and use the bonds pro rata in payment of the
purchase money.

MINE CAVE COMMISSION MAKES REPORT TO
GOVERNOR JOHN K. TENER AND PRE­
SENTS TWO BILLS FOR THE ACTION OF
LEGISLATURE.
The Mine Cave Commission appointed by Governor
John K. Tener of Pennsylvania in June,
1911, to inquire into the cause of mine cave-ins,
with a view of presenting recommendations to
bring relief to the owners of surface rights without
confiscating the property of the coal companies,
March 1 forwarded its report to the governor.
The commission's recommendations are founded
upon a voluntary agreement entered into by the
principal coal mining corporations in the anthracite
field.
The solution of the problem that confronted the
commission, in which is embdodied the voluntary
agreement entered into by the coal mining corporations
is as follows:
SOLUTION.
To state, as may be very truly stated, that no
communities in the country, excepting those that
have been visited with sudden and overwhelming
catastrophe, have ever been confronted with a
problem as difficult as the one now confronting the
communities in the anthracite coal regions, is but
to admit the many and great difficulties in the way
of any substantial solution thereof.
While over fifteen months were devoted, exclusively,
to the obtaining of whatever information,
in the form both of dates and of opinions that
might give promise of shedding light upon the
problem, fully six months w r ere largely devoted to
the consideration and discussion of possible remedies,
and it soon became apparent that the members
of the commission held widely differing views,
from insistence, on the one hand, upon the admitted
legal right of the owners of the coal, to insistence,
on the other hand, not only upon the equitable
rights of the owners of the surface, but also
upon the inalienable rights of community life to
exercise its police power, whatever security, health
or morals are threatened.
As the discussion proceeded, it became evident
that the views as set forth were irreconcilable,
and that if either were to prevail, it could only be
after years of stubbornly fought contests, both
political ancl legal.
On the other hand, the commission were unanimous
in their belief that:
First—That any practical delay in the application
of remedial measures would work not only
great, but iiremedial injury.
Second—That the development of hostility between
the communities and the owners of the basic
industry of those communities would also work
serious injury by reason of their common interests.
Third—That if reasonable concessions were
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
made hy all the parties inteiested, there might be
a middle ground upon which all could stand and
which, if found, would result in practical benefits
of great value to all concerned.
These views being entertained unanimously by
the commission, negotiations were entered into
with the presidents of the principal mining companies
and the final result thereof was a voluntary
understanding upon the part of these companies,
as agreed to by their respective presidents and
boards of directors, of a policy as herewith set
forth:
"On condition that and so long and so far as
the exercise of their rights lo mine coal are not
restrained, restricted or penalized by the passage
or enforcement of state laws or municipal ordinances,
the mining comiianies to agree to
"Protect all public highways and city streets;
this protection, however, to be based generally
upon the principle of the conservation of the coal
thereunder for market purposes, and to involve a
reasonable attitude upon the part of the communities
having jurisdiction over said public highways
and city streets, and also a reasonable use of the
right of said companies to mine thereunder, so far
as affecting the surface is concerned. On the one
hand, the communities to refrain from unreasonably
enjoining mining where no serious publicinjury
will result, and, on the other hand the companies
to refrain from so conducting their mining
operations as to seriously interfere with the centers
of traffic in municipalities where the conditions
are such that serious public injury will result,
and to provide for the security and convenience
of the public by giving proper notice of proposed
mining which may affect the surface, by
providing temporary ways of passage, and finally,
by repairing at their own expense any and all
damage caused to the municipalities bv said mining.
"Pay at least one-half of tbe cost of repairing
all structures (except those of mining and railroad
companies) damaged by mining having a value of
$5,000 or less.
"Whenever danger of subsidence is imminent.
sell, so far as they have the legal right so to do,
for a fair consideration to owners (except mining
and railroad companies) of structures exceeding
$5,000 in value, such pillar coal as they may reasonably
desire to purchase for the support of said
structures, such consideration to be twenty-five
per cent, above the prevailing royalty value upon
leases made at or near the time of purchase, the
basis of computation being 1,800 tons to the foot
acre. In the event of such purchase, however,
the coal thus purchased to be forever appropriated
to the support of the surface. If, however, support
may be reasonably provided by filling or other-

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
wise, then to flush, fill or build artificial supports
in such portions of the mines as may be desired
by tiie surface owner at a price not to exceed the
cost thereof to the mining companies, but at the
expense of such surface owner, provided that when
such support is at the election ot the mining company,
the expenses to the surface owner shall not
exceed the cost of pillar as hereinbefore provided.
"In recognition of the peculiar conditions and
the general fear of immediate surface damage in
the city of Scranton and borough of Dunmore and
with a purpose of relieving the public solicitude,
but without admission or interpretation of the
present value of the coal, the principal operators
in this territory agree that during the period of
eighteen months after March 1, 1913, they will
sell so far as they have the legal right so to do
to owners (excepting mining and railroad companies)
of structures exceeding $5,000 in value, such
pillar ccal as they may reasonably desire to purchase
for the support of said structures at the
rate of thirty-five cents per ton on the basis of
1.S00 tons to the foot acre.
"Provision to be made for the adjustment of any
disputes arising in connection with such sale or
putting in ot artificial supports."
The undertaking as set forth upon the part of
the companies is revocable, on the othei hand, the
communities remain perfectly free as regards the
exercise of police power, a power that they could
not divest themseives of even should they consent
thereto.
To this agreement, formal acceptances have been
given, as to their respective territories, by the
following corporations'.
Lehigh Valley Coal Co.; Philadelphia & Reading
Coal & Iron Co.: Pennsylvania Coal Co.; Hillside
Coal & Iron Co.; Delaware, Lackawanna & Western
Coal Co.; Scranton Coal Co.; Delaware & Hudson
Co.; Green Ridge Coal Co.; Lehigh & Wilkes-
Barre Coal Co ; Edgerton Coal Co.; Northwest
Coal Co.; Sterrick Creek Coal Co.; Lackawanna
Coal Co.. Ltd.; Mount Lookout Coal Co.; Forty
Fort Coal Co.: Elk Hill Coal & Iron Co.; Northern
Coal & Ircn Co.; Hudson Coal Co.; Susquehanna
Coal Co.
To cover the situation the commission prepared
two bills to submit to the legislature, as follows:
Ax ACT
To afford additional protection to the public
against dangers resulting from the caving in or
subsidence of the surface overlaying anthracite
coal mines.
Section 1 Be it enacted by the senate and
house of representatives of the commonwealth of
Pennsylvania in general assembly mat, and it is
hereby enacted by authority of the same, that
where the owner or operator of anv anthracite
coal mine in this commonwealth possesses the
right, to mine out all the coal without obligation
to '-import the surface, and proposes to exercise
that right by removing or materially weakening
the support theretofore affoided to the overlying
surface by pillars of coal, it shall be unlawful for
him to do so until sixty days after he shall have
caused to be served, in the manner provided by
law for service of the writ of ejectment, a written
or printed notice of his intention so to do upon the
owner or owners and the occupant or occupants of
the surface lands liable to be affected by such
action.
Such notice shall specify the time when such
pillar mining will, in the operator's opinion, render
further occupation of the surface dangerous,
and shall be sei ved at least sixty days before the
date stated therein.
Within the period during which the said occupant
or occupants are thus given an opportunity
to remove from such place of danger, it shall be
his or their duty to do so and remain absent therefrom
until the danger from subsidence of the
surface has passed.
Section 2. The said owner or operator shall
cause to be served in the manner aforesaid, a notice
of fifteen days upon gas companies and electric
light or power companies maintaining pipes
and wires in territory under which mining operations
are being conducted, which notice shail state
when, in the operator's opinion, said mining operalions
will be liable to disturb said gas pipes and
electric wires; whereupon it shall be the duty oi
said companies to shut off the gas and electric
currents and discontinue the supply thereof in the
threatened territory until subsidence of surface
shall have occurred or the danger to be apprehended
therefrom has passed away.
Section 3. Any owner, operator, superintendent
or other person haying charge of a mining operation
who shall wilfully refuse or neglect to give
any notice required by this Act, and any official,
superintendent or other person in control of the
operation of any gas or electric company which
has received notice as aforesaid, and shall thereafter
wilfully refuse or neglect to perform the
duty enjoined upon such company by this act,
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon eonviclion
thereof shall pay a fine not exceeding one
thousand dollars and undergo an imprisonment
for a term not exceeding six months, or both, or
either, at the discretion of the court.
AN ACT
Providing for the appointment of arbitrators to
settle disputes as to certain facts concerning the
damage to public or private property by mine
caves and fixing their compensation and providing
for the payment of the cost thereof.

Whereas, a joint resolution for the appointment
of a commission by the governor of this commonwealth
for the purpose of investigating and reporting
upon both physical conditions and legal
rights in the manner of surface support where
anthracite coal has been removed or the right to
remove said coal is vested in others than the
owner of the surface; and for the further purpose
of suggesting new legislation relative to the same;
and making an appropriation to meet the expenses
of said commission, approved by the governor,
March 24, 1911, and,
Whereas, in pursuance of said resolution said
commission has organized and fully considered the
matters submitted to it under said resolution and
has its report to the governor as therein required,
and,
Whereas, the said commission has reported that
there has been a voluntary offer made on the part
of mining companies to the effect that upon certain
conditions they agree to bear a certain proportion
of the cost of repairing property and also
will repair streets under certain conditions, and
further, that under certain other conditions coal
for the support of the surface will be sold at rates
therein fully set forth or supports will be furnished
for the support of the surface, and,
Whereas, it is necessary to enact a law whereby
any disputes arising as to the cost of repairing
property, ascertaining the quantity of coal left to
support the surface and improvements thereon, o"
the cost of furnishing artificial support, and further
as to the repairing of public highways under
conditions named in said report.
Now, therefore, it is hereby enacted by the senate
and house of representatives of the commonwealth
of Pennsylvania in general assembly met,
and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the
same.
Section 1. That whenever any dispute shall
arise concerning the matters as herein stated.
that such matter of dispute shail be submitted to
a board of three arbitrators, one to be appointed
by each of the parties to such dispute, and the
said two arbitrators to appoint a third and in case
of their failure to agree upon a third arbitrator,
within a period of thirty days after their appointment,
then the said third arbitrator to be appointed
by the president judge of the county in
which the land is located about which the dispute
arises. The decision of a majority of said arbitrators
shall be as effective to all intents and purposes
as if signed by all of the arbitrators.
Section 2. Said arbitrators shall be entitled to
receive the sum of five (5) dollars each day actually
and necessarily employed in the performance
of their duties.
Section 3. Either party aggrieved by the award
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
of said arbitrators shall have the right to appeal
to the court of equity of the proper county.
Section 4. All the cost, of said arliitration and
appeal shall be borne equally by the parties.
Tbe Pennsylvania state anthracite mine cave
commission was created by a joint resolution of
the general assembly March 24, 1911. Shortly
after, the governor named the following commissioners:
W. J. Richards, Pottsville; G. M. Davies,
Lansford; M. H. Lewis, Pottsville; W. D. Lathrop,
Wilkes-Barre; Charles Enzian, Wilkes-Barre; Hon.
W. L. Connell, Scranton; Hon. J. Benjamin Dimmie-k,
Scranton; E. J. Lynett, Scranton; Col. R. A.
Phillips, Scranton.
The commission organized by electing Mr. Richards
president and Mr. Davies secretary. Because
of ill health, Mr. Lathrop never served as a commissioner
and, upon his death, the governor named
S. D. Warriner. of Philadelphia, to fill the vacancy.
About fifty meetings were held by the commission
in its office in the Connell building, Scranton,
and Atlantic City, where its report was nearly 600
typewritten pages and finally whipped into shape
ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS FOR FEBRUARY.
The shipments of anthracite for February, 1913
as compared with the same month of 1912, by companies
were:
February. 1913. 1912.
Philadelphia & Reading 1,165,449 1,202,536
Lehigh Valley 1,062,129 1,083,925
Central of New Jersey 761.070 785,000
Dela., Lackawanna & West. 763,571 782,699
Delaware & Hudson 567,371 572,021
Pennsylvania 491,062 523,539
Erie 655,919 710,263
Ontario & Western 207.59S 215,985
Total 5,674,169 5,S75,96G
The shipments for the year, as compared with
1912, were:
The shipments of coal, by months, for the last
two years, have been as follows, in tons:
Month. 1913. 1912.
January 6,336,419 5,763.696
February 5,674,169 5,875,968
March 6,569,687
April 266,625
May 1,429,357
June 6,191,646
July 6,285,152
August 6,576.591
September 5,876,496
October 6,665,321
November 6,165,536
December 5,944,106
Total 12,010.588 63,610,578

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE COST OF DOING BUSINESS ;
By Georffe E. Copeland, Assistant Treasurer Claflin-Sumner Coal Company, Worcester, Mass.
It is not the intention of this paper to attempt
to establish a definite figure as the cost of doing
business. Expenses vary very largely in different
cities and towns and only one familiar with
the various conditions of a locality can even approximate
the cost.
It is not the intention of this paper to definitely
establish a net margin for handling anthracite
coal. Every dealer must establish that for him
self.
ft is the intention of this paper, however, if pos
sible, to stimulate "the trade" to a careful scrutiny
of all expenses entering into the handling of
a ton of coal, that no extravagance of delivery
may enter into the selling price thereof.
The cost problem is unquestionably one of the
most important in coal merchandising. One lives
and learns, but if one wants to live and learn the
coal business—the purchase, the cost and tbe sale
thereof—one needs to go through ail investigation.
We have had an investigation in Worcester to
determine the ceason for the then considered high
prices for anthracite coal. Without going into
detail, the findings, so far as the local dealers were
concerned, were summarized in this significant
statement issued by the executive committee of
the Worcester Board of Trade and their counsel,
Webster Thayer, Esq :
"Upon all the evidence, your committee is of
the unanimous opinion that our local dealers have
not only dealt fairly with their customers, but
have in fact suffered a loss."
This complete vindication of the retail trade is
naturally a cause for congratulation. There is
one thing, however, that the Worcester dealers
ought not to be proud of: It is that intelligent
men of wide experience in handling coal should
lail to show a reasonable profit upon their investment,
and that an inquiry by those inexperienced
to the business should plainly prove that a loss
had been suffered.
Gentlemen, there ought, in the opinion of some,
lo be an investigation in most
TOWNS AMI CITIES
throughout New England for a real benefit to the
coal trade. To show that the speaker is not
alone in this opinion, let me quote you from two
of the letters received fiom others in the tiade:
"Enclosed am returning list of questions answered.
Am very pleased to do this as I think
there is very great lack of actual knowdeelge as to
the cost of doing a coal business. The constantly
•1'apcr road before the Xew England Coal Dealers'
conventi'jn. Iioxton, Mass.. March 5.
increasing cost of delivery is due to the longer
distances, numerous flats with stair work, less
hours of work, cost of horses and feed, in fact
this never ending chain which adds to the so-called
high cost of living."
Again another retail dealer writes:
"From my observation of some twenty-five years'
standing in tlie wholesale coal business, 1 believe
that fully one-half of the retail coal trade have
no idea of the expenses of their business and are
actually doing business at a loss and do know it
One dealer not far from your city told me some
time since that he was selling his coal for 50
cents per ton advance over what it cost him gross
on tbe cars and was satisfied with his profit. He
told me that he thought he was clearing 50 cents
per ton or more."
Gentlemen, you may not admit these facts, but
deep down in your hearts I believe you quite agree
with your fellow dealer making these statements.
Else why should a wholesale representative canvassing
for the first time the New England territory
ask:
"How is it that so many retail dealers in New
England state that their business is non-productive;
operated without net profits to the dealer?
I find that same story repeated everywhere in
New England."
My fellow dealer, can you answer these queries
to your entire satisfaction so far as your own
business is concerned?
Now the natural thing is to be decidedly reticent
about your costs of doing business, especially
when talking with your competitors. We are apt
to be so reticent that we don't know our own
costs. I wish to submit that tbe one thing needful
to-day in the retail coal business is a careful
study and the consequent
KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOST
of doing business. Once informed we will find
our costs approximately the same as our competitors,
and the mode of operation for most of us
will radically change. Cost of coal plus cost of
delivery, plus overhead expenses including depreciation,
must he less than selling price if we care
to make a legitimate profit upon the investment.
Dealers can't agree upon prices, and it is right
that they should not, but they can know costs and
act accordingly. Just look at the facts a moment:
On one hand we are faced with practically
no competition in the wholesale costs of anthracite
coal, i. e. with all dealers purchasing at practically
the same price; on the other hand, we
meet with keen and uninformed or uneducated

competition in the selling end, a dealer has no
alternative except a painstaking, careful scrutiny
of all items entering into his costs. Once convinced
of these let him disseminate the information
through his selling price.
Now it is a delight to "do business." Every
live coal merchant wants to leel the full pulse of
active business. There's an attraction in doing
business. It means the handling of large sums
of money and that's mighty pleasant. It means
equipment, both yards and office, as well as teams,
sleighs, trucks, etc., marked or branded with
dealer's name. it means a standing in the community
among your townsmen and fellow citizens
as an honest servant of the public It means
one's good name rather to be chosen than great
riches, more truth than fiction in the retail coal
business, for hardly are the two synonymous despite
the prevailing idea of the public. Yes, it's
man's vision of a place in life, a place of servie-e
wherein be has been called by the Omnipotent.
But in all of this service of the community, the
dealer is entitled to a reasonable return upon his
investment and no one would deny it to him except
himself.
Gentlemen, we of the retail coal trade face a
1.
->
o.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Equipm »nt.
Teams.
4 S
2 S.
4 S.
4 D. 6 S.
1 D. 2S.
5 S.
2 D. 2 S.
9D.
3 S.
11 S.
Ti ucks
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
Average tonnage
per diem per
horse.
5.75 tons.
( 6 (in 1903-4: 9
I tons per horse)
6
groping for the light. He has been looking for
someone to lead him out into the highway of success.
He has had a smattering of faith that somehow,
in some manner, ultimate success would attend
his efforts, but has failed to give forethought
to immediate and constant net earnings.
Seasons change and who stands ths loss? Conditions
of purchase change, and who bears the
brunt? New England gets little company coal
at circular and much independent at a premium,
and who suffers? Wholesale cost is temporarily
lowered April 1st and who assumes the charge-off
on coal in stock? We quote a flat price for summer
delivery and the customer wants to put in in
the fall, whereof haxe we gained through this attempt
to get work for our equipment during the
summer months? Through increased wholesale
cost we tie up more capital and we sell at something
below cost; who aids the public more than
the dealer and at a substantial cost to himself?
But enough of this, you are probably well aware
of these problems of the trade. You only can
solve them fcr yourselves.
There follow a few questions asked of some 15
dealers of wide geographical range, nine of whom
answered, which will interest you:
Dealer's idea
Cost of delivery of margin
per ton 2,000 lbs. per ton.
$.80 (no yard) $.35
$1.25 (no depreciation, no salary,
pays rental) .75
$.50 (no depreciation, no salary, no
rental) .50
Can't say. (Including deprecia-] »-.
tion charges, salarv, rental \
charges) ' | expression.
$1.00 (includes depreciation only.
No salary. No rental) .50
$1.16 (includes 10 f :.j depreciation,
$1,000 salaty. Rent R. E.) .40
$1.50 (includes depreciation charges,
salary and rental charge) .25
$1.61 (includes depreciation, salary
and rental charge) .35
$1.47 .50
Average 6.2 tons per horse. Average. Al
necessity. Too long have we been content to do
business as our forefathers and predecessors did.
Honesty and uprightness must ever be foundation
stones of business integrity, but precedent, custom,
habit, must not dictate when we as a trade
face new conditions brought about by new methods
of wholesale selling, by
CONSTANTLY INCREASING COSTS
of delivery, by an ever increasing demand for
credit, and by the reiterated and unreasonable requests
of the consumer made upon the trade because
of distorted ideas as to profits and earnings.
The retail dealer has been like a man in the dark
As to whether trucks pay the three using them
answer as follows:
First answer: No. Not on general deliveries.
Long hauls and where you can dump in short
hauls? Yes.
Second answer: Long hauls? Yes. Short
hauls? No.
Third answer: Yes, if haul is three miles or
more.
As to what dealers consider a fair margin of
profit, please note that the eight expressing an
opinion ask for from 25 cents to 75 cents per
ton. an average net profit of 45 cents per ton.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Now it is not my intention to criticise these
replies favorably or unfavorably. I am very
grateful to the gentlemen for the information
given. Let me say this to you all. You may
be ever so excellent a man; you. may wish your
competitors and yourself well; but if you think,
mind you I say think, your cost of delivery, including
all expenses is $1.00 per ton and it is in
reality $2.00 per ton, you work harm to three—
yourself, your fellow dealer and ihe purchasing
public.
Now the study of costs wil! prove most interesting.
You have promised yourself again and
again that just as soon as you get over your rush
you would do so. It has been the one item in
your business that you thought you could put off.
I urge you to commence at once, when you again
reach that round of perpetual duties awaiting you
at home, to devote some time each day to this
purpose. Don't think costs—Know!
Costs may be figured in two ways: The first
way might be from the wholesale cost of coal free
on cars yoin- siding, building up: The second way
might be from the selling price to your customer,
building down. This second method does not
appeal to me. I'm afraid too many of us use it
expecting some break in the wholesale price of
anthracite coal to help us out.
A possible illustration of the first method may
prove interesting:
Your cost of stove coal in Prog^essiveville including
$3.70 free on cars at mines
PEK euaiss TOX
of 2.240 pounds for the coal and freight of $3.30 is
$7.00 f. o. c. your siding. Now, according to the
executive committee of the Worcester Board of
Trade, you lose if you are like the Worcester dealers
some 6.5 per cent, in screenings and shortage
in weight.
$7.00 X 6.5 = $.455.
$7.00 + .455 = 7.455 for 2,240 pounds coal, or
$6.66 per net ton (2,000 pounds).
Now your expenses will naturally group under
two heads:
(1 ) Operating expenses, and
(2) Oveihead charges.
Under operating expenses we will group these
items:
Salaries of weighers;
Labor of teamsters;
Labor of helpers;
Feed for horses: oats, bay and sundry feeds;
Veterinary service and medicine;
Shoeing;
Wagon repairs;
Sleigh repairs;
Harness repairs;
Hired teams;
Sundry stable expenses;
Auto truck expenses, including gasoline or elec
trie juice and repairs;
Sundry yard expenses;
Fuel and power for heating and hoisting;
Plus any other subdivision desired.
Under overhead charges these items will classify:
Commissions;
Rentals (yards and offices);
Taxes (federal, state and city);
Insurance (fire and liability);
Interest (on borrowed money);
Discounts (allowances to customers) ;
Advertising;
Plant depreciation;
Equipment depreciation;
Bad accounts;
Postage;
Salaries of office employes;
Salaries of officers;
Stationery, telephone and various other items.
We will suppose that Wiseacre & Son find their
teaming expense per ton of 2,000 pounds at. . . $.90
Their overhead charges per ton of business. . .60
A total of delivery cost $1.50
Now we have shown their cost for cost per ton
of 2,000 pounds as $6.66
We have expenses averaging per ton 1.50
The cost of coal in consumer's bin is (2,000
pounds) $8.16
Wiseacre & Son say a legitimate net profit to
the company is 35 cents per ton, thus making a
selling price of $8.51 or in even figures $8.50.
They do 10,000 tons of business on a capital of
$30,000. Their net profit is therefore $3,500 or
11.66 per cent, upon e-apital invested after covering
all expenses and depreciation charges. Think
of it! In the sale of this coal Wiseacre & Son
get a profit of slightly over 4 cents per $1 of business.
Is there any other
CLASS OF MERCHANDISE
with so low a margin of profit in its selling price?
If a company does a smaller business they may
ask for more margin. It may be that the dealer
is doing a matter of 500 tons per annum with a
net profit of 35 cents per ton or $175. This seems
hardly enough for tne necessary capital invested,
time and attention required.
Now a word as to depreciation: One dealer who
owns his buildings ehaiges 10 per cent, each year
to his overhead expenses for depreciation. I believe
he charges all repairs in building account as
carried on his ledger. Would not the same depreciation
charges, in your opinion, apply when considering
a trestle or hoisting device or elevator?

I wonder what you each consider as the life of a
horse. Should the value be charged off within
eight years? How about your wagons, would
ten years be too quick to cnarge the full value off?
Your motor truck—should the value of that be
attended to within three or five years? Then coal
bags, baskets, screens, wheelbarrows, shovels,
scales with their equipment, sleighs, etc., all have
their peiiod of uselulness and then become of no
value. Why not face these questions, establish
your findings, charge into your overhead expense,
and if estimate is proven either small or excessive
after a year or two of experience, change to agree
with revised figures? It certainly is poor judgment
to continue the value of equipment year after
year intending some day to replace from the net
profits (if you then possess any) of your business.
What do you charge up against expense to cover
your losses in accounts? Are you doing anything
first to coax your customers to cash payments?
If you have outstanding $10,000 in bills receivable,
how much of it do you consider good? Care in
credits is always advisable. Coal in your bins is
often times a better asset than an account on your
ledger represented by ashes in the cellar of your
customer. Eternal vigilance is the price of good
book accounts. If you can't
ALWAYS DECIDE ARIGHT
upon credits, charge up to overhead expense from
one-half to five cents per ton for bad bills, depending
upon the size of your business.
AVhy not average your losses for the past five
years, and put in overhead charges this year an
amount equivalent to the annual average loss.
We have touched only the "A. B. C." of coal
costs. There are many other points that might
engage our attention. I mention a few to stimulate
you, if interested, to make further research
among your accounts.
How about your proportion of bituminous tonnage?
Do you get it and at what profit? If
one can only get teaming expense out of bituminous
business how much can one handle to advantage
with anthracite tonnage against which
all expenses both operating and overhead must be
charged? Can one afford in selling anthracite
coal to have two prices, one for manufacturing
purposes and one for domestic- use? How many
months' stock should a dealer in New Englnad
carry as a reserve both April and November 1st?
Gentlemen, whether or no vou wish to make a
profit rests with you and your fellow dealer. Don't
call him either a knave or a fool. He is probably
neither—just flesh and blood like yourself. Perhaps
he has not been present at the convention.
but through your agency he can be made alive to
the conditions of costs discussed. Ask him to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
consider this acrostic tendered with the apology
of the speaker:
D is for Dealer, a doleful dunce;
| is for Initiative—he took it once;
y is for Vivify—his business enhance;
| is for Increase—his profits advance;
D is for Decrease—in expense and cost;
£ is for Energy—without it he's lost;
[\| is for NOW—to get out of his plight;
[) is for Dollars-demand as a right;
S is for Solidarity—his forces unite.
The whole stands for Dividends—build with a
might.
1 believe in tbe future prosperity of the retail
coal business. "Come On and Lift." Through
interchange of ideas, through
MUTUAL EXPRESSION
of "Good Will," through common sense and good
business judgment, let us look forward with confidence
and faith to a new era in coal prosperity
among the retailers.
Nine years of misinformed newspaper agitation
has placed upon our shoulders the heavy burden of
unjust criticism. Maybe we might have appreciated
earlier the need of magnifying our service
to the public. No such epithets as "Coal Baron,"
"Robber," "Despoilers of the Poor," should longer
go unchallenged. Let us as a unit dignify our
chosen calling in life. Who dispenses more of
comfort to all than we who handle coal and at such
a low margin of profit? If criticised, acquaint
your customers, if need be one by one, with the
tacts. Distorted ideas as to profits may help
your credit for the lime being, but it encourages
others to enter the trade and the dinner of uneducated
competition is alarming. It takes the
experience of years to "know" costs upon which
a dealer must build to establish a sane and safe
business profit. Always treat the consumer with
courtesy and tact. Acquaint yourself with the
facts of your business. Acquaint your competitors
with your friendliness and fairness and acquaint
the consumer with the true facts occasioning
the ever-increasing pi ice of anthracite coal.
All together—"Come On and Lift."
The Greene county, Pa., commissioners have reduced
the valuations on coal land for taxation purposes
as follows: The land of the Crucible Coal
Co. from $250 to $130 with the exception of 15
acres of active coal which was left at the $250
valuation. Whiteley township cut down from $100
to $85. Perry township from $100 to $80. Washington
township irom $100 to $85. Aleppo township
from $30 to $25. Greene township from $120
to $110.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation, under
date of March 5, announces the resignation of
Messrs. N. \Y. Campbell, C. H. Peacock and S. L.
1!. Kinzer, who have represented the company from
the Philadelphia office. Mr. E. S. Lawrence has
been appointed acting sales agent in Philadelphia,
and for the present will be assisted by Messrs.
X. C. Ashcom, G. A. Brown, H. G. Mettlach and
W. J. Ryan, all eh' whom have been associated
with the company for many years and are familiar
with its products. These gentlemen will cover as
soon as practicable the territory within the jurisdiction
ol *he Philadelphia office, and customers
can rely upon receiving the same careful attention
from the company in the future that has secured
their trade in the past.
Mr. Karl Schoew, mine, inspector of the First
district of West Virginia, is an applicant for appointment
as chief of the Department of Mines to
succeed Mr. John Laing, whose term expires June
30, 1913.
Mr. William H. Grady, formerly chief engineer
of the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co. at Birmingham,
Ala., is now chief mine inspector for
the Pocahontas Coal & Coke Co. at Bluefields, W.
Va.
Mr. Delwyn Wolf, superintendent of the Lehigh
Coal Co., in the Mahanoy City, Pa., district, was
married March 8 to Miss Lottie M. Seeley, a graduate
nurse of the Hazleton hospital.
P. J. Bradley and J. J. Koeberf, of Waynesburg,
Mr. Richard B. Ciiase. better known to the trade Pa., have sold 499 acres of coal in Wayne town­
as "Dick" Chase, transferred his interest fiom ship, Greene county, Pa., to Uniontown men at
the firm of Ayers & Chase, March 1, by the pur­ $200 per acre. The original owners of the propchase
of the stock of Mr. Bigelow. treasurer of the erty were: P. J. Bradley, J. J. Koebert, J. L.
old established firm of Jewett, Bigelow & Brooks, Rush, J. H. Eldred, J. D. Orndoff and R. E. Kent,
possessing extensive coal mine interests in the Waynesburg; Frank Gump, Mount Morris; and
Pocahontas and 'roquois districts of West Vir­ Dennis Meighen and Peter Meighen of Jolleytown.
ginia. Mr. Ciiase took up his new duties on the
above date.
Hon. J. L. Rush, of Waynesburg, Pa., has purchased
from Edward W. and Abigail Shepherd, 215
Mr. C. P. Collins, of Johnstown, Pa., an expert acres of coa! in the western part of Richhill town­
sanitary engineer, is now engaged for the Bership, Greene county, Pa., for $21,531.87.
wind-White Coal Mining Co. in designing a sewage
disposal plant for their new No. 42 operation, near John T. Clutter, of Morris township, Greene
Windber, Pa. He is also designing a plant for county. Pa., has sold to George W. Dawson, of
the treatment for bacteria of the domestic water Charleroi, Pa., 297 acres of coal in Morris town­
supply of various mining towns of the Berwind- ship at $125 an acre.
White Coal Mining Co. in that loclity.
Judge John B. Steel of Greensburg, Pa., has sold
Mr. James Beatty, who for three years was su­ to Rockwell Marietta, of Connellsville, Pa„ 225
perintendent of the several mines of the Shawmut acres of coal in the Ligonier valley, at a price said
Mining Co. near Weedville, Pa., has resigned and to be $200 per acre.
accepted the position of general superintendent of
mines at Oak Ridge, Lawsonham and other points
weft of New Bethlehem on the Low Grade division.
ancl also the mines at Wilmer, near Dent's Run,
J. V Thompson of Uniontown, Pa., has sold to
the Midland Improving Co. 2,272 acres of coal
land in Greene county, Pa., for $1,750,000.
Elk county.
The Echard heirs, of near Morgantown, XV. Va.,
have sold to W. H. Seymour, of Pittsburgh, 500
Superintendent Charles XV. Hall of the Catsburg
acres of coal for $300 per acre.
mine of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. has been transferred
from Monongahela, Pa., to Brownsville, Pa...
where he will have charge of the Knob, Albany
and Chamouni mines. Mr. John Nelson assumes
charge of the Catsburg mine.
The annual statement of Hillcrest Collieries,
Ltd., made to the annual meeting at Montreal,
Can.. March 5, slowed net profits fiom operating
Mr. Robert H. Gruschow has been elected presiafter
providing fcr all expenses of $100,100 and
dent and general manager of the Eureka Coal & a total revenue of $103,400 in 1912. After de­
Dock c0., Chicago, vice George F. Getz, resigned. duction of fixed charges and payment of the 7 per
Mr Gruschow lias been vice president of the com­ cent, dividend on tho company's $705,700 preferred
pany for several years and the selection is a de­ stock there remained a balance of $32,660, equal
served promotion.
to 3.26 per cent, on the $1,000,000 common stock.

PENNSYLVANIA COAL PRODUCTION
BY COMPANIES FOR 1912.
THIRTEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 1.737,510
Thomas Colliery Co 328,228
Susquehanna Coal Co 277,413
Cambridge Coal Co 69,617
Harleigh Brook wood Coal Co 52,175
Oxford Coal Co 94,099
H. H. Smith & Co 52,157
Brighton Coal Co 31,760
Total 2,643,159
FIFTEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 36
A. B. LAMB, Inspector.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co.. 1.037,000
Mineral Railroad & Mining Co 868,179
Enterprise Coal Co 182,077
Colonial Collieries Co 326,380
Greeno'igh Red Ash Coal Co 244,603
Excelsior Coal Co 87,538
Total 2.745.777
THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
B. 1. EVANS, Inspector.
Sharon Coal & Limestone Co 322,565
Acme Gas Coal Co 288.269
Allegheny River Mining Co 200,559
Mercer Iron & Coal Co 189,857
Butts Cannel Coal Co 123,238
Keystone Mining Co 1 35.713
Westerman-Filer Co 130,946
State Line Coai Co 123,213
Pardoe Coal Co • 120,899
Samuel Sherwin 112,195
Great Lakes Coal Co 110,430
Erie Coal & Coke Co 104,613
.Monterey Coal Co 97,230
Lochrie Bros. Coal Co 95,000
Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co.. 94.936
Grove Coal Co 9.2,401
F. A. Mizener 87,102
Eagle Coal Co 84,725
Clarion Coal Mining Co 84,249
Chestnut Ridge Coal Mining Co 74,694
Widnoon Coal Mining Co 72,321
Mutual Coal Mining Co 64,302
Standard Coal Mining Co 63,485
Nellie Coal Co 60,449
Monarch Coal Co 56,420
Shenango Coal Co 54,577
Leesburg Coal Co 51,388
H. K. Wick & Co 47,114
Hallville Coal Co 45,939
Hedstrom Coal Mining Co 44,769
Cunningham Coal Co 43,574
Kittanning Plate Glass Co 41,857
Raridan & East Brady Coal Co 41,350
Francis Coal Co 36,337
Cann Coal Co 21,767
Grove City Coal Mining Co 20,963
North Pittsburgh Realty Co 20,787
Smaller operators 154,022
Total 3,614,25")
SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
THOMAS K. ADAMS, Inspector.
Pittsburgh Coal Co 2.777,40 4
Carnegie Coal Co 782,485
Pittsburgh & Eastern Coal Co 497,699
Fayette Coal Co 289,367
Verner Coal Co : 87,57°
Bulger Block Coal Co 227.419
Pittsburg-Buffalo Co 211,120
.,. H. Sandfcrd Coal Co 199,980
Pittsburgh & Erie Coal Co 154,547
Hugh McHugh Coal Co 81,227
W. J. Steen Coal Co 61.400
McDonald Coal Co 59,067
Hormel Coal Co 56,092
island Run Coai Co 43,000
Kirkebride Coal Co 11.017
Atlas Coal Co 702
Total 5,740,099
TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
CHAS. P. MCGREGOR, Inspector.
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corp 683,489
Vinton Colliery Co 440,106
Commercial Coal Mining Co 317,312
Sonman Shaft Coal Co 264,536
Shoemaker Coal Mining Co 231,565
Altoona Coal & Coke Co 231,109
Nanty Y Glo Coal Mining Co 223,950
W. H. Piper & Co 213,656
Taylor & McCloy Coal & Coke Co 205,479
Tunnel Coaling Co 201,681
Cardiff Coal Co 185,512
Big Bend Coal Mining Co 164,318
frvona Coal & Coke Co 161,147
Springfield Coal Mining Co 148,970
Lincoln Coal Co 117,659
Lilly Coal Co 108,948
Estep Bros. Coal Mining Co 102,150
Glen White Coal & Land Co 99,245
Blacklick Mining Co 94,340
S. Hegarty's Sons 93,744
F. P. MeFarlard 84.062
Blain Run Coal Co 62,000
Juniata Coal Co 59,300

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Leahey Coal Mining Co 53,760
Andersen Coal Mining Co 47,455
Bellfiehl Coal & Coke Co 42,807
Bear Rock Coal Co 42,269
J. Blair Kennerly 41,207
Standard Coal Co 30,856
John A. Leap 30,110
Smaller operators 254.607
Total 5,037,355
TWELFTH BITUMINOUS DISIRICT.
Jos. WILLIAMS. Inspector.
Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co.. . 1,656,364
Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corporation.. 808,886
Penn Mary Coai Co 705,453
Russell Coal Co 552,691
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation.. 457.049
Cascade coai & Coke Co 205.963
John McLeavy & Co 181,201
Punxsutawney Coal Mining Co 158,872
Ellsworth-Dunham Coal Co 149,703
Empire Coai Mining Co 149,370
Summit Coal Mining Co 144,454
Dixon Coal Co 144,234
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co 138,197
Bowersville Coal Co 90,463
Urcy Ridge Coal Co 86,205
Bear Run Coal & Coke Co 84,000
Glenwood Coal Co 71,565
Hillsdale Ccal & Coke Co 62,554
Dayton Coal Co 50,718
Indiana Coal Co 49,249
Valier Coal Co 41,589
Chestnut Ridge Coal Co 40,709
Cortez Coal Co 39.833
Superior Coal Mining Co 37,050
Smaller operators 116,776
Total 6,223.228
FIFTEENTH RITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
THOMAS A. FURNTSS. Inspector.
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation.. 1.503.519
Carrolltown Coal Co 473,322
Barnes & Tucker Co 372.944
Sterling Coal Co 334,719
Ebensburg Coa! Co 323,384
Madeira Hill Coal Mining Co 310,183
Cherry Tree Coal Co 248,480
Watkins Coal Co 230,040
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co 216,338
Peale, Peacock & Kerr, Inc 209,582
Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corporation.. 159,007
Duncan Spangler Coal Co 155,900
Empire Coal Mining Co 138,117
Rich Hill Coal Co 130.392
Potts Run Land Co 116,190
Cymhria Coal Co 108,250
Carnwath Coal Co 101,064
Nant-y-Glo Coal Mining Co 96,008
Oak Ridge Coal & Coke Co 65,786
Hastings Coal & Coke Co 32,641
Woodland Coal & Coke Co 31.871
Reed Colliery Co 31.230
Logan Coal Co 27,333
Miller Run Coal Co 27,029
Lenox Coal Co 21,940
Patton Clay Manufacturing Co 20,898
Unity Coal & Coke Co 19,197
Red Top Coal Co 18,501
Deringer Bros 16,306
Bellmore Coal Co 12,625
Beaver Coal Co 12,212
Cheston Coal Co 11,383
W. A. Gould & Bros 11,350
Cambria & Clearfield Coal & Coke Co 11,130
Kelley Bros 9,660
Peerless Coal Mining Co 8,323
Easton Coal Co 7,839
M. J. Kelley & Co., Inc 4,967
Milsom Coal Co 1,087
Bell Run Coal & Coke Co 1,081
Little Creek Coal Co 459
Total 5,632,347
TWENTY-SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
ALEX. MONTEITH, Inspector.
Pittsburgh Coal Co 3,557,018
Washington Coal & Coke Co 1,537,703
Penn Gas Coal Co 507.604
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 366,175
E. R. Weise Coal Co 68,348
Banning Connellsville Coke Co 61,064
Echard Coal & Coke Co 33,906
Lake Shore Gas Coal Co 28,701
Rockwell Marietta Coal Co 24,140
Bowman Bros. Coal Co 18,693
Myers Coal Co 4.100
Total 6,203,352
CHAS. P. BYRNE. Inspector.
The annual meeting of the New Pittsburgh Coal
Co. was held in Columbus recently and gains in
business during the past year were shown by the
financial report. G. C. Weitzel was re-elected
president: H. S. Mervin, secretary and treasurer:
F. M. Wallace, J. A. Donaldson and J. P. Walsh,
vice presidents; XV. D. Moore, auditor; J. A. Rurdio,
sales manager, and F. F. Knox, Jr., manager
of mineb.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY FOR THE
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1912
The total tonnage produced and handled for the
year 1912, including coke purchased and exclusive
of coal purchased by the subsidiary companies,
was 18,363,417 net tons, an increase over the preceding
year of about 14 per cent.
The gross earnings from all sources were $4,-
427,062.81, an increase over 1911 of $382,558.43,
or 9.46 per cent., and the net earnings after all
proper charges, including lull depreciation, were
$2,025,482.77, an increase of $633,545.33, or 45.52
per cent.; the net earnings being equal to about
7% per cent, on the preferred stock outstanding.
Demand caused by favorable weather conditions
and the uncertainty attending the biennial miners'
wage scale settlement materially improved tonnage
and earnings for the first quarter of the year, but
idleness for three weeks in April pending scale
adjustment was offset. When the mines resumed,
there was no indication of the improvement in
general business which later occurred and contracting
was done under sharp competition from all
districts at prices under which the bulk of the
pioduction for the year was removed, which with
Hoods, and shortage in labor and car supply that
restrained production, limited the advantage that
otherwise would have been received under the
better trade conditions of the last half of the year.
Tne increase in net earnings is partly due to a
small increase in the
AVERAGE SELLING PRICE
of the product E.o.b. mines and from better doct:
and agency returns. Labor mine costs were increased
under the wage scale adjustment of April 1.
Practically all of the outlay on or about the mines
for the year has been charged to operation, while
much of it has been in the nature of betterments;
and full depreciation on all the plants has also
been so charged.
The undivided earnings account now stands at
$9,153,433.70 credit as of December 31, 1912, and
is underwritten by the values carried on the books.
The working capital of the company, as of December
31, 1912, was $4,573,678.78, a net increase
of $267,274.SS lor the year as shown in deiail in
schedule of working capital receipts and disbursements.
There are no outstanding obligations for borrowed
money, either by this company or any of its
subsidiaries, and the floating indebtedness is
chiefly for accounts payable not yet due, and for
paper issued by subsidiary companies for sold
undelivered dock stock-coal. All funded debt obligations
chargeable to the year, both principal and
interest, have been met promptly, thereby reducing
the amount of fixed charges for the future.
While there were no large or unusual ones, there
occurred the usual quota of smaller personal injury
and property accidents and losses, which is a
I isk of the industry, and cannot be entirely controlled
by provision of management or of law.
L'nder an exacting mine law, which it is the
aim to fully comply with, and even to exceed in
PRECAUTIONS FOB SAFETY,
it is believed that the mines are now as safe as
lies within the power of the company to make
them and all of them are in good operating condition.
To the loss of the greater part of the month of
April, in coming to terms with the miners on a
scale settlement, further time losses occurred
through local troubles at the mines, due to misinterpretation
of that agreement—also to floods during
the spring and summer which caused severe
losses both in property and time in repaoring them.
The production, while in excess of the preceding
year, was held down below capacity by the time
losses, above referred to, shortage of men throughout
the year and in car supply during the last
half of the year. To aid in securing and keeping
men. the construction of a large number of additional
houses has been authorized.
Disposition of 77 mining plants owned at the beginning
of the year was:
In commission either the whole or part
of the year 51 mines
Available but idle for the year 6
Operated under leases 7
Exhausted and dismantled 5
Assigned to other mines 8
Total 77
The mines that have gone out during this and
preceding years over new ones opened and other
mines that will go out within the next five years
make necessary new developments to replace them.
The possible tonnage capacity of the mines in
commission for the year as against the actual
output shows an efficiency percentage of hut 65.36
per cent.; and the deficiency percentage shown divides
between respective causes as follows:
Shortage of men 4.41',
Shortage of cars 11.17%
Shortage by accidents 1.58%
Shortage of trade 8.41%
Suspension and other causes 9.07%
To promote safety, cheapen costs, and secure a
maximum output, the local officials of each mine
are brought together at stated times for the purpose
of creating among them a

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PEELING OF INTEREST
in and a joint responsibility for the entire operations
of the company as well as for those under
their immediate charge.
To secure funds to repay the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. of Wisconsin for its advances on account of
Dock No. 7 construction, to enlarge Dock No. 5
at Superior, Wis., and to construct a dock at Lime
Island. Mich., as referred to in the annual report
of 1911, it became necessary to transfer the dock
properties at the head of Lake Superior to the
Pittsburgh Coal-Dock & Wharf Co., and to retire
the outstanding bonds upon them, as follows:
Northwestern Coal Railway Co $ 794,000.00
Ohio Coal Co 200,000.00
Pittsburgh Coal-Dock & Wharf Co 858,000.00
Total $1,852,000.00
To do these things an issue of bonds by the
Pittsburgh Coal-Dock & Wharf Co. of Minnesota,
guaranteed as to principal and interest by the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. of Pennsylvania, was duly
authorized in the sum of $3,500,000.00, dated April
1, 1912, iiearing 5.4 per cent, interest, with sinking
fund provision for their retirement at or before
maturity, April 1, 1938.
The large expenditures authorized, when made,
will provide the company with substantial modern
dock facilities sufficient for storing and handling
an increase over its present tonnage requirements,
and for some time to come, at the head of Lake
Superior. Decrease in handling costs, maintenance
and rentals heretofore paid will exceed the
increase in fixed charged created under this ishue
of bonds based upon the same tonnage.
Any further dock construction that may hereafter
he done, so far as the same can now be anticipated,
will not require further financing to
accomplish.
The Midland Coal Co. lease of January 1, 1903,
upon 4,736 acres of coal rights and of three mining
plants taken over at that time,
WAS TERMINATED
by purchase through the issue of Coupon Sinking
Fund bonds of Pittsburgh Coal Co. of Pennsylvania
known as the Midland Purchase bonds, dated
May 15. 1912, in the sum of $1,200,000.00 to run
for twenty years nt 5 per cent., free of deductible
tax—one million and six thousand of which have
been issued on the conveyance of the property and
the balance retained tor the retirement of a priorlien
mortgage of the Midland Coal Co.
The purchase, .vhile on a fair basis to the former
owners, is of advantage to the company in
materially reducing current annua! payments, and
by bettei assuring to it the ultimate ownership
of the property after payment ol the bonds, than
under the lease.
This company hy its reconstructed docks and
local plants in the main distributing places in the
Northwest, now practically done, is in better position
than it ever has been before to creditably represent
the company, and obtain its share of the
tonnage of that section and on the basis of modern
costs. The whole progress made is believed to
have been along right lines, and the company can
confidently look to a substantial increase in its
trade in all departments against greatly enlarged
competition.
The schedule of securities will show the respective
amounts of tlie preferred and common stocks
owned. While practically all of the preferred and
about 94 per cent, of the common shares are held,
that company has been independently conducted,
although, for economic reasons, a portion of the
operating staff of both companies is joint; and it
had relatively an equal year in net gain with this
company. Of tho issue of debenture bonds exchanged
for the preferred shares of the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., $57,500,.00
par value have been acquired and canceled during
the year, and the policy of the directors is to retire
annually hereafter such a percentage of these
bonds as will cancel the entire amount now outstanding
prior to maturity.
The complaint against what was believed to be
an excessive rate from the Pittsburgh district to
the lake front, made to the Interstate Commerce
Commission, and referred to in the report for
1911, was sustained by its judgment rendered
March 11. 1912, granting a
REDUCTION OF TEN CENTS
per ton, with the statement by the commission that
"from the point of view of the specific cost of
doing this particular business, the rate is still too
high."
Instead of determining what should constitute
the coal rate basis, which it was asked to do and
is necessary to he known, the judgment of the com
mission was a compromise in figures, and no further
action can be taken under it within two years
from its date The reduction obtained was oi
more indirect than direct uenefit to the company,
by enabling it to obtain a better hold upon its
tonnage, but some part of it was retained to the
advantage oi the selling price which will increase
as competitive costs become better related to those
of the Pittsburgh district.
To insure maintenance of the present tonnage of
the company, and to provide for its increase (especially
sure to come when the Pittsburgh district
shall have been restored to its normal trade position),
it has become a present necessity, in ths
judgment of toe directors, to extend the Montour
railroad from its terminus at North Star, Pa., to
the Mifflin yards o>' tho Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad
Co., hy a main line addition of about 34

miles, wdiich has been duly authorized by appropriate
action, and a contract nas been entered into
between the Montour Railroad Co. and the Bessemer
& Lake Erie Railroad Co.. dated July 11, 1912,
for a traffic exchange between the two railroad
companies, and a division of the rates upon it.
The extended raiiroad will furnish an outlet for
tonnage required co replace that coming from present
operations located on tho several lines of railroad
now serving them as exhaustion is reached,
and also for additional tonnage demand, which
the old operations are not now able to produce in
excess of present requirements upon them.
The cost of mine development will be less by
having each new operation serve all the railroads
of the district, instead of more and smaller ones
located on such other railroads as could and would
build branches into the
LARGE FIELD TO BE OPENED.
The larger and consequently fewer mine units to
operate, the advantage of car supply and the ability
to ship the production to any points on any
of the railroads connected with, aside from the
absolute necessity of this extension for the maintenance
of the present tonnage of the company,
are the economic factors requiring and approving
this expenditure.
It is expected that the road will lie in operation
by July 1, 1914. To finance its cost $2,750,000.00
first mortgage 5 per cent, coupon bonds have been
issued to run for 50 years, free of deductible tax,
and having an annual sinking fund provision sufficient
to retire all before maturity on February 1,
1962. Contracts have been let for the work, which
will be steadily proceeded with until e-ompleted.
Current progress will also be made in the opening
up of mines along the line of the projected road,
so that their output will be available, when the
road is ready for the broad distribution of it,
since all the railroads of the district can be connected
with.
While the tonnage of this company will steadily
furnish a sufficient revenue to meet all charges,
there are assurances of other traffic for the road
as now planned and as may hereafter be extended.
which would add greatly to its use and value.
The proper schedules of the Employes' Relief
Department will show the acccidents, with
the income and disbursements for the year,
and also from the organization of the department.
The report shows plainly the
BISK OF TIIE WORK,
but it is satisfactory to know that the total number
of accidents has been lessened. The work
done has been wide, and of great value.
The Pension Fund, which now stands in credit
at $108,025.53. became operative April 1, 1912. It
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
lias not yet been taken advantage of by those entitled
to do so, but there are several applications
pending'.
The income from it on the' basis of its organization
will permit the payment of benefits to 150
men at the fixed rate.
The outlook tor the piesent year is for a material
increase in net earnings (against adverse factors
of an unusually light winter use and a reduced
general business demand) for the main reason
that, since 1907, due to special conditions, all
costs have steadily advanced and the margin of
gain has as steadily declined until the average
low selling price of 1912, which did not represent
the cost risk and value of the product, must now
be advanced more nearly to do so.
The consolidated balance sheet shows:
ASSETS.
Properties owned, including all
mines, docks, coal lands, etc $09,464,237.00
Treasury stocks 4,92S,200 .00
Investments in bonds and stocks.... 16,525,240.45
Bonds with trustees 1,206,349.59
Pension fund investments 86,243.48
Inventories 3,492,186.49
Accounts and bills receivable 6,266,385.94
Cash 2,023,869.40
Total $103,992,712.53
LIABILITIES.
To Stockholders—
*Preferred 7% cumulative stock ... .$32,000,000.00
Common stock
Stock purchase surplus—difference
between cost and par of Treasury
,32,000,000.00
Insurance stock held funds and sold 1,021,991.7S
175,000.00
Coal sales contingent fund
Undivided Earnings—
Dividend of 1}% payable
25,000.00
Jan. 25, 1913
Balance
$ 33S,397.50
8.815,036.20
9,153,433.70
Total $74,375,425.48
*7 f ! Dividends on preferred steel. : have accu-
mulated from March 1, 1905, less 5% paid during
each of the years 1910, 1911 and 19 12. and U %
payable Jan. 25, 1913.
To Other than Stockholders—
First mortgage bonds $ 9,205,000.00
Debenture bonds
5,931,000.00
Shaw Coal Co. tract purchase bonds 1,335,000.00
Midland Coal Co. tract purchase
bonds
1,006,000.00
Midland Coal Co. bonds
137,000.00
Bonds of subsidiary companies. . . 4.111,000.00
Mortgages payable
315,498.38
Car trust notes
260,000.00
Pension fund
108,025.53
Bills payable
2,675.255.34
Accounts pn.yal le
4,533.507.80
Total
.$.29,617,287.05
Grand total $103,992,712.53
This shows an increase of $3,495,703.24 in assets
and liabilities.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LEARNINGS.
Earnings from mining and marketing
operations of the main and subsidiary
companies during year 1912.
after deduction of all expenses of
operation, taxes, interest on bonds
of subsidiary companies, and current
year's losses $4,427,062.81
Less—•
Reserve for depletion of
c-oal lands—Sinking
fund $714,305.80
Reserve for depreciation
of plants and equipments
811.250.64
Bond Interest—
First mortgage
bonds . . .$570,981.93
Debenture
bonds ...299,041.67 876,023.60 $2,401,580.04
Net earnings for year 1912 $2,025,482.77
Less dividend paid on preferred
stock—5% 1,353.590.00
Surplus earnings for year 1912 071.892.77
l T ndivided earnings at Dec. 31, 1911.. 8,181.540.93
Undivided earnings at Dec. 31. 1912. .$9,153,433.70
District and
Character
of Coal.
Owned.
Coking
Youghiogheny—
COAL ACREAGE.
Pur- Acres of
Acres of chased Un-
Unmined Ex- Acres mined
Coal changed Ex- Coal
Jan. 1, Etc. hausted Jan. 1,
1912. 1912. 1912. 1913.
il 51
Pittsburgh vein.. 132,742 +5,346 2.087 136,001
*Freeport vein .. . 43.120 + 680 13,800
Total Pittsburgh
district 175.913 +6,026 2.087 179,852
Hocking district. . 7,557 — 23S 82 7,237
Total owned .... 183.470
Leased.
Youghiogheny—
Pittsburgli vein. .
Hocking district. .
Total leased. . . .
Grand total owned
and leased
1,566
S91
5.457
188,927
+ 5,788
—4,231
— 260
—4,491
+ 1,297
2.169
31
107
13S
,2,307
187.089
304
524
828
187.917
*The company also owns an equal area of each
underlying vein.
EMPLOYES' RELIEF DEPARTMENT AND PENSION FITXI>.
Cash Receipts and Disbursements.
Receipts—
Relief Year Ending
Department. Dec. 31. 1912.
Cash balance, Jan. 1. 1912 $42,886.21
Employes' monthly clues 75,523.33
Interest on cash balances 2,390.32
Contributions by company 2S.52S.52
Total $149,32S.38
Disbursements—
Fatal accidents 47 $ 0,762.74
Deaths from other causes.... 114 11,117.90
Deaths of members' wives. ... 54 5,400.00
Deaths of members' parents.. 36 1,825.00
Deaths of members' children. 262 7,425.00
Non-fatal accidents 1,28.2 47,208.25
.Miscellaneous 36S.00
Total 1,795 $S0.106.S9
Expenses of branches $9,37S.95
General administration .... 9,593.17
Total expenses $1S,972.!2
Transferred to Pension fund 9,825.21
Total $10S.904.22
Cash balance, Dec, 31, 1912 $40,424.16
Pension Fund. Amount.
Balance at credit Jan. 1. 1912 $92,329.27
Apportionment of employes' dues and
contributions of company, as above. . 9.S25.21
Interest and dividends from investments 5,871.05
$108,025.53
1,000 shares preferred stock of Pittsburgh
Coal Co.—Cost $S6.243.4S
Cash balance Dec. 31, 1912 21,782.05
$108,025.53
THE PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY HOLDS
ANNUAL MEETING AND RE-ELECTS
DIRECTORS.
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. was held in Jersey City, N. J..
March 11.
Tne meeting was an harmonious one throughout,
and after the presentation of the annual report of
the officers to the stockholders, the board of di­
rectors was chosen, all the old members being re­
elected, as follows:
James H. Beal, John I. Bishop, Harry Bronner,
J. C. Dysart, W. K. Field. J. B. Finley, William
Flinn. D. L. Gillespie, J. D. Lyon, A. W. Mellon,
A. J. Miller, George T. Oliver, Henry R. Rea, Grant
1!. Schley, M. H. Taylor, George XV. Theiss and
C. M. Underbill.
Tiie board of directors will meet later to elect
officers.
The annual report appears elsewhere in this
issue of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Confirming a finding of the Interstate Commerce
Commission, a jury in the United States District
Court at Philadelphia, March 4, returned a verdict
awarding to XV. F. Jacoby & Co., coal mine opera­
tors in Clearfield county, Pa„ $28,572.54 against
tbe Pennsylvania Railroad Co. The award is
based on alleged discrimination by the railroad in
furnishing coal cars in 19C4 and 1905.

RAILROAD MANAGERS' AND FIREMENS' AR­
BITRATION BOARD ENDEAVORING TO
ADJUST DIFFERENCES.
The arbitration board appointed under the Erdmann
act to adjust the differences between the
Eastern railroads and their firemen, consisting of
Vice President W. W. Atterbury of the Pennsylvania
Railroad for the railroads; Vice President
Albert Phillips of the Brotherhood of Locomotive
Firemen, and William L. Chambers of Washington,
met at New York, March 10, and took up the question
of wages.
Mr. Chambers was named by Government officials,
designated in the Erdmann law as the third
or neutral member of the board, after the representatives
of the firemen and the roads had failed
to agree upon a man. The decision of the board
must be rendered by April 2, and from it there
can be no appeal. The dispute has been in progress
more than a year, and at one time last month,
through the failure ot the parties to agree upon a
method of arbitration, threatened to result in a
strike of the firemen of the Eastern roads serving
a territory populated by 50,000,000 persons. The
firemen had voted almost unanimously in favor of
a strike if their demand for arbitration by a
board of three members, under the Erdmann act,
was not granted,*' while the roads held out for arbitration
by a board of six or seven members, such
as had a few months before adjusted a similar dispute
between tne roads and their engineers.
At the last moment the committee of railroad.
managers gave in under protest and on February
IS reference of the differences to an arbitral board
under the Erdmatin law was agreed upon.
March 11 several firemen witnesses were called
and their testimony showed the extent of their
earnings and the rules under which they labored.
KENTUCKY MINING INSTITUTE
PROGRAM IS ISSUED.
The first announcement of the Kentucky Mining
Institute meeting, which will be held at the College
of Mines and Metallurgy, Lexington, Ky., May
16 and 17, has been issued by the secretary, T. J.
Barr. The communication from Mr. Barr and
the program of the institute are as follows:
The Kentucky Mining Institute will hold its
annual meeting in Lexington, Ky., May 10 and 17,
and not only are the members of the institute expected
to be present, but all those interested in
the mining industry and mineral resources of tho
state are cordially invited and urged to attend,
since the papers lo be presented and discussed, as
shown in the tentative program on the back of this
folder, are of deep interest to all concerned.
The committee on program and entertainment
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
is making every effort to add to the success of the
meeting as well as to tlie pleasure and comfort
of those who attend.
According to the present plan, the first day will
probably be devoted to the state-wide First Aid
contest, followed in the evening with a banquet
and discussions. The second day will be devoted
to papers and discussions.
Tne First Aid contest will be an attractive feature
of the program. Already many companies
throughout the state have signified that they would
have one or more teams entered, and the institute
wants your company represented. Therefore,
please fill out the inclosed blank postal card and
return it to the secretary without delay, in order
that the committee ancl he may know the number
ot teams and persons to expect. This will assist
in securing reduced railroad rates.
Definite announcement of the completed program,
together with a list of prizes to be awarded
in the contest, and the names of tlie judges will
be sent you well in advance of the date, ancl in the
meantime, any suggestion with regard to the coming
meeting wiil be greatly appreciated.
Tbe program is:
"Workmen's Compensation," Mr. K. U. Meguire,
president Snead & Meguire Coai Co., Louisville, Ky.
"Welfare or Sociological Work," Mr. W. C.
'Flicker, general superintendent Wisconsin Stee!
Co., Benham, Ky.
"Coal ancl Mineral Taxation," Messrs. Hywel
Davies and W. H. Cunningham, president and secretaiy
Kentucky Coal Operators' Association.
".Mineral Development of Western Kentucky,
Fluorspar District," Mr. C. S. Nunn, manager Kentucky
Fluorspar Co., Marion, Ky.
"Mining Laws of Kentucky." Mr. C. F. Fraser,
mining engineer, Taylor Coal Co. of Kentucky,
Beaver Dam. Ky.
"Calorimeter Tests Made On Kentucky Coals,"
Dr. A. M. Peter, chief chemist, Kentucky Experiment
Station, Lexington, Ky.
"How Best to Handle the Dusty Mine," Mr.
David Victor, chief mine inspector, Consolidation
Coal Co., Fairmont, W. Va.
There will also be several other addresses by
prominent men.
The directors of the poor of Somerset county.
Pa., have recommended the opening of a coal mine
at the county home and house of employment, and
have asked the approval of the project by the
grand jury. It is suggested that the county institutions
could all be fueled from the proposed mine.
While drilling a well at Ryder, N. D.. recently,
a vein of coal was struck 170 feet from the surface.
The coal is being analyzed.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
:
SOME OBSERVATIONS TOUCHING ACCIDENTS IN COAL MINES"
Br C. I. Norwood. Chief Mine Inspector. State of Kentucky.
I highly value the honor of being permitted to
be with you. to-night. I thank you sincerely and
regret that I cannot repay your courtesy in better
fashion than lies within my power.
You will pardon me, I hope, if I do not regale
you with recitations of statistics, or present a
systematic: catalogue of all the causes of mine
accidents, and then tell you how to deal with
them. There are some things that even a mine
inspector may keep to himself; there are a fewthings,
in fact, that he doesn't know—and these,
also, he has a right to conceal.
The perils of a coal mine may be divided into:
First—Those inherent to the mine; the natural
ones in general and those coincident with mechanical
operations involved in winning the coai.
These include perils from the roof, from gases,
from water, from traffic, etc.
Second—Those chargeable to human fallibility.
They include: (a) those for which the miner is
responsible; (b) those for which the operator is
directly or indirectly responsible; (c) those for
which the theorist and the technologist are responsible.
It is not my purpose to dilate on any of the
dangers, but it seems well to at least
CALL ATTENTION TO SOME
of those that do not appear to always receive as
close attention as their importance calls for.
1. Stored Explosives.—In many localities miners
are still allowed to store, in the aggregate,
great quantities of explosives in the mine; it is
sometimes found, indeed, that the company itself
keeps a quantity of powder in the mine. In this
way what might, have been a slight local explosion
may be extended into a very disastrous one, or an
explosion may originate with some of the stored
powder if self. This evil is more common than
some of you may imagine, for, of course, no one
here is guilty of improperly storing explosives.
Every year a number of persons are killed and i
number injured as the result of storing explosives
in mines and in shaft-houses.
2. Black- Powder.—That black powder is a fearful
menace is geneially recognized, but there is
one aspect of that menace that, seems to receive
little attention, and that is the danger from heterogeneous
grains. I wonder how many mine managers
take the trouble to test their powder for
uniformity of grain size!
3. Mining Machines.—Electric mining machines
are so attractive that not infrequently a
•Address delivered at flip Fourth Annual Banquet ol!
the Southern Appalachian Coal Operators' Association
Knoxville, Tenn,. February 11, 1013.
manager installs them without first considering
whether the nature of his mine will safely permit
the use of the type of machine that appeals to
him because of some particular feature of its
construction. Machines with vertical jacks shake
the roof and weaken it, yet we find such machines
in mines with notably fragile roofs. The results
are obvious.
4. Stray Electric Currents.—Through publications
in trade and technical journals, it is nowpretty
well known that in electrified mines
S1KAY ELECTRIC CUBKENTS
may, under certain conditions, wander through the
coal seam, thus increasing the danger of premature
blasts. Examinations for such currents
should be made in every electrified mine, and
proper precautions observed.
5. Fumes from Gasoline Engines and Pumps.—
Danger from this source in mines is absolutely
avoidable, and jet a number of lives have been
lost from such cause. The combustion of gasoline
yields latal gas no matter how odorless it
may be. One would suppose that such fact is
well understood, and yet I have known some men
of large intelligence to contend that "there is no
clanger where there is no odor."
6. From Remedies.—Sometimes, while trying
to remedy some one danger we create another.
As an illustration, the mixing of stone dust with
coal dust to reduce danger of explosion may be
mentioned. Unless the stone dust be free from
sharp particles, such as spicules of silica, it may
irritate the membranes of the lungs and ultimately
cause serious trouble. Other illustrations
will occur to you. It is well when applying new
remedies to consider ail possible results.
7. Mine Fires—Dangers from mine fires seem
to be growing. According to a partial list of
accidents in the United States for 1912, recently
published, more than 50 persons were killed or
injured from this cause, and more than 600 lives
were endangered. I do not know about the Tennessee
section of this association, but if the Kentucky
section is not more careful than their brethren
in some other parts of Kentucky, the way is
open for me to say that greater emphasis should
be placed on the possibility of the occurrence of
mine fires by Kentucky coal operators.
8. Cave-Ins.—Last year, more than 100 persons
were entombed, several were killed, and a number
were
1NJUEED BY CAVE-INS.
This means that sufficient attention was not paid
to supporting the ground above. Either insuffi-

cient pillars were left, or pillars were pulled without
making systematic effort to bring about falls
to sustain the top; or timbers were allowed to
decay and no attention paid to them; or, in laying
out the mine, the engineer made his plans for
entries, etc., without regard to the strength of the
coal, and as the result of too many parallel entries
in sets with inadequate pillars and of rooms
driven too w-ide the coal was crushed or a squeeze
occurred. Cave-ins are such serious things that
the possibility of their occurrence should never be
overlooked, eithei in planning a mine or in working
it; and even when the plan has been made
with due consideration for sustention ot the
ground above, the efficiency of the plan should be
carefully felt out in the early stages of development,
while there is yet time lo make indicated
changes without serious difficulty.
9. Barrier Pillars.—From correspondence I
have had recently. I doubt whether some of us
pay as much attention to the matter of barrier
pillais between mines as its importance calls for.
No mine should be allowed to break into another
and independent one. There should always be a
strong barrier between the mines. Otherwise
doods may come from one into the other, an explosion
in one may extend into the other, etc.
10. Oil and Gas Wells.—The danger from holes
drilled for oil or gas in our coal fields and left
without casing through the coal, and with no map
showing their precise locations, is an important
question that should receive the earnest attention
of our mining men. We should not wait until the
danger is
BliOUUIIT TO OUU ATTENTION
through a catastrophe due to a mine having
reached such an unsuspected hole from which
sufficient gas is produced to cause an explosion
Let us profit by the experience of West Virginia,
and take the proper precautionary measures.
The "Careless Miner."—Mining men and others
are rather prone to consider that "the chief cause
of mine accidents is the carelessness of the miners
themselves." Unqeustionably, many an accident
is due to the miner himself, due either to
lessened appreciation of the necessity for caution,
as a result of daily contact with dangers; or to
reckless disregard of warnings; or to crass ignorance.
But whether the "careless miner" is literally
the "chief cause" of accidents is to my mind
not a settled question. He is a large factor, but
there arc others. Perhaps it is quite near the
truth to say that he is most largely responsible
for injuries due to falls of roof, and this is
chargeable to his eagerness to make tonnage:
for one thing, he procrastinates in setting props.
Sometimes he is vain, and declines to take advice.
And, as with all men he sometimes thinks he can
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
take a risk "just this once." Either in private
or public employment, 1 have been observing
miners for several years, and am inclined to think
it is the individual rather than the type that is
careless; indeed, I am not sure that the miner, as
a type, is really more careless than workmen in
some other industries, or that his carelessness is
more reprehensible than that exhibited by other
men except for the fact that results therefrom are
at times much mere disastrous. At any rate, we
cannot afford to place so much emphasis upon the
"careless miner" that we overlook other factors.
The Heedless Foreman.—Sometimes we find
another human factor making for accidents in the
person of an indifferent, or vain, or heedless foreman.
Of course, this is shocking, but, though the
standard of our mine foremen has gone up within
recent years until now they are generally
A FINE lloln Olf MEN.
we do find careless characters in charge of mines
nere and there. I feel that the importance of the
role played by the foreman should be emphasized.
A competent, careful, foreman can do considerable
in the way of offsetting the "careless miner," whilea
heedless foreman breeds carelessness in others.
The Operator.—To what extent may the operator
lie morally responsible for accidents? To me, thi:question
seems to be of vital importance. Legal
responsibility and moral responsibility are questions
that do not always march side by side in a
man's mind. There may even lie some men who
at times consider first the legal responsibility, and
if they find themselves safe they do not distress
themselves over the moral one. I think that
operators may be indirectly responsible for accidents
in ways that do not occur to them. For instance:
(a) By selecting men to take direct charge of
mining operations, their proper duties being such
as to demand technical knowledge of mining, simply
because they have proved themselves to be
good business men. Men who do not know mining
are unable to fully appreeiate mine conditions
when placed before them; they must depend upon
the foreman, and they may or may not adequately
support the latter if lie is a good advisor, or
blindly accept his errors if lie is a poor one. Of
course, the r e are exceptions One cf the best
foremen I have known could not write; one of
the most successful managers I have know had no
preliminary technical training. But such men are
exceptions.
(b) By having among the directors men who
are so acutely interested in the financial side that
they act as a brake upon the efforts of the manager
or superintendent to make the: mine safe;
they are reluctant to approve expenditures that are

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CHIEFLY FOR SAFETY
and not primarily for dividends—though a safe
mine is a mighty line foundation for dividends.
(o) By retaining caieless foremen; by employing
a man as loreman chieliy because he is really
a good boss driver; by permitting improper methods
of blasting; by permitting improper handling
and storage of explosives; by tailing to adopt
methods that make foi the preservation of life.
even when such methods are placed before them,
oecause they think they "don't need 'em at our
mine."
And just here I am reminded of the importance
of methods of rendering first aid to the injured.
Unquestionably, many lives have been saved solely
through knowledge of first aid methods and precautions
on the part of miners. 1 know that the
coal companies in general are now giving much
attention to the subject, and that members of this
association are pioneers in the work in this part
ot the country. It seems to me that a moral obligation
rests upon the coal operator to see that his
men are given instruction in such methods, and I
do not mean simply the training of a few crews,
but the training of ah the men in at least some
of the simpler operations.
The Theorist and Technologist.—The theorist
and tehnical man are responsible for some of our
troubles. For instance:
(a) Take the proposition of 'too much air"
thai was promulgated after a certain mine explosion.
It is a good proposition when rightly interpreted;
but it has misled the thoughtless. Not a
few persons think it meant actually having too
much air in a mine, when it properly referred to
putting such a large volume through entries of
relatively small section that
TOO HIGH A VELOCITY
is required; for example, putting 60,000 cubic
through an entry than can carry no more than
40,000 at a sate speed.
lb) As a result of this proposition some persons
who did understand it have gone to the extreme
of having many parallel entries (to get a
large volume at proper speed), but without having
pillars ot sufficient width. As a result, squeezes
have come causing injury to ihe mine in various
ways.
(c) Then there is the theory for reducing explosions
by limiting the amount of oxygen in the
mine air to just about enough to support life.
Perhaps this is more properly the theory of "too
much air." Redaction of the amount of oxygen
in mine air increases the danger from the carbon
monoxide thrown into the current by blasting.
Moreover, it is said that pneumonia and a form
of consumption result from cumulative effects of
lack of oxygen in mine air. This lack is due
ordinarilj to insufficient ventilation, but here is a
theory that would deliuerately bring it about. It
is a theoiy that only the wise and cautious should
experiment with.
Nationality and Permanent Residence.—I have
sometimes wondered whether nationality—in the
sense of an immigrant remaining a "foreigner,"
only a temporary sojourner in the land, until such
time as enough money has oeen accumulated for
return to native shores—has any influence upon
number of mine accidents. What part does the
question of permanent residence have? Is the
man who expects simply to make his stake here
and then return to "home sweet home" more liable
to accidents, because of deliberately
TAKING GREATER RISKS
in order to make tonnage and shorten his stay
here, than is the permanent citizen? This seems
lo offer an interesting line of investigation.
Classification According to Responsibility.—
When we reach the point where we can classify
accidents according to responsibility therefor, as
is done in the German Empire, we will have made
a good step toward a more intelligent study of
how to deal with the accident question. In the
German Empire, which stands third in the production
of the world's coal, they have a method of
classification i pei haps because of the Workmen's
Compensation law) which shows where the re
sponsibility for an accident rests. Following is
the classification, with figures for 1910 taken from
a report by R. A. S. Redmayne. chief inspector of
mines for Great Britain:
(a) Those owing to danger inherent in the
work itself, 60.01.
(b) Tnose due to defects in the working, 1.23.
(c) Through fault of fellow workman, 3.75.
(d) Through fault of injured person, 26.01.
It will be observed that the "carelessness" of
the German miner is not the "chief" but only 26
per cent, of the cause of accidents.
Just here it may be wel! for a few words to be
said in regard to comparisons of accident rates.
Much has been made of comparisons of coal mine
fatalities in the United States with those in certain
foreign countries, and to our discredit. But
the seeming discredit has appeared more because
of the way statistics have been handled than because
of real conditions.
The compansons have usually been based on
fatalities per 1,000 persons employed—a
DISTINCTLY UNFAIR .METHOD,
because nearly three times as many persons are
employed per tonnage produced than is the case
in the United States. If we go into the details of
production and accidents, it appears that, while
we must do much better than we have been doing,
the comparison cf fatality rates of the United

States with those of other large coal mining countries
is not at all unfavorable to the United States.
Take the figures for Great Britain, Prussia and
the United States for 1910 (our worst year):
G. P.. Prus.t t". S.
Tons per fatality 166,853 139.017 176,618
Rate per 1,000 employes. 1.719 1.915 3.916
Rate per million tons mined 5.9 6.2 5.7
Persons employed for
each 1.000 tons produced 3.48 3.64 1.44
For statistics to be truly comparable with each
other, there should be uniformity in the way of
presenting them.
Definition of Accidents.—Uniformity in definitions
of accidents is a necessity. Just what is a
mine fatality should be settled. Is death from
septic poison (septicaemia) following some time
after an injury a mine fatality? Is death from
pneumonia a week or more after an injury a mine
fatality? Is death from gangrene resulting from
improper attention to a wound or from carelessness
on the part of the patient a mine fatality?
If a
MAN WITH A WEAK HEART
dies in a mine atmosphere that men with normally
good hearts get on well with, is that a mine
fatality? If these be mine fatalities, then there
should be a sorting of fatalities, to show whether
the injury received in the mine was the remote
or the immediate cause. This suggests a classification
somewhat after the manner of the metaphysician,
thus:
fa) According to the occasional cause: i. e., according
to the circumstances that preceded the
effect, and wdiich became the occasion of the efficient
or immediate cause. We might use the
term predisponent or remote cause.
fb) The immediate or proximate cause.
Thus: A miner is injured, and after a week or
so he dies of pneumonia. If the pneumonia is
really consequent upon the injury, the death might
be classed as a mine fatality; for the injury received
in the mine was the predisponent cause of
the proximate cause. But if tbe pneumonia was
due to a circumstance independent of the injury,
the death would not he a mine fatality.
But the difficulty is not so much with fatalities
as with the classification of non-fatal accidents.
The term "serious" should have a very definite
meaning, determined either according to the nature
of the injury or according to time lost. And
the terms "minor" and "slight" should also have
definite meanings. Correct classification of accidents
is a matter that should receive earnest at-
fFigurefi for Prussia refer le whaf arc 1 known as
"coal" mines, which are distlneu'shed from those know"
as "brown coal" workings. Only aliont 28 per cent, of
the production consists of "brown coal." and about- 7-t
per cent, of the "brown eoal" employes are employed In
open works and on the surface.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
tention; it is certain to become a matter of great
importance in the not far distant future.
We are devoting much attention to consideration
of possible ways for preventing explosions; but
are we giving as efficient attention to what seems
THE MOliE SERIOUS PROllLE.M
of reducing accidents from falls of roof? Explosions
are comparable with sporadic disease. A
few instances land serious enough they are) occur
now and then. But roof-falls are like endemicdiseases,
they are with us all the time.
To reach anything like the ideal minimum of
accidents, there must be an increase of cost of
mining, resulting fiom tie employment of more
persons whose chief if not sole duty shall be to
look after roof in entries and rooms and remedy
dangers at once; and this means that either the
public must he content to pay the producer more
for its coal fwhich, I say in all earnestness, is the
proper solution), or the producer must be content
with still smaller returns upon his investment.
This is a problem that may be expected to come
up in the future, and to which mining men should
give early attention.
Uniform Laws.—Uniform laws for coal mines
have been prescribed by some as the cure for accidents:
with uniform laws, it is argued, accidents
will be
CUT TO THE LOWEST LIMIT
possible. Uniform coal mining laws will be practicable
when we have uniform coal seams, uniform
mining conditions, uniform people engaged in mining,
and uniform sociological conditions. There
may be uniformity in ideas (though not necessarily
in the way of expressing them) as to the field
a coal mining law should cover; the end that is
fo he attained. I believe 'the Kentucky law,
backed by results that have been obtained under
it, to be a good example of what may be accomplished
thrcugh use of simple terms. Tt is no!
so much the number of words in a law that counts;
it is the ground it covers, the authority it confers,
and the manner in which it is enforced. A terse
business letter that covers the point is quite as
good as one that fills a page.
Discipline.—Tt. has been said that the best, if not
only, safeguard against mine accidents is discipline.
The difficulty is to get the discipline.
While discipline may be readily enforced here,
conditions may render it very difficult yonder. I
have a notion that systematic instruction in "first
aid" methods, given to all the miners, will materially
ASSIST IN OETTINO DtSCIPLINF.
which is simply "training to act in accordance with
established rules." "First aid" makes for such
training, and it is also of value in appealing to the
intelligence of the men.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Education.—Education will also play an important
part. Here the IT. S. Bureau of Mines is doing
a great work, not onlj with its mine safety cars
for instructional purposes, but with the literature
it is issuing in the form of "Miners' Circulars."
It would lie wise for every operator to see that
each of his men receives the circulars regularly.
The "careless miner" must be taught that:
"No man owns his own life. It belongs to his
wife or his kids, or to somebody or something besides
himself. It's up to a man to take care of
that life, to save it. or spend it, for the best interests
of whoever or whatever it belong to." If
only this could be firmly impressed upon the mind
of every miner—if we could only get his attention
firmly fixed on that fact—then we would have fewer
fatal or otherwise serious accidents in mines;
and the "careless" mines would retire from business.
Position of the Operator.—In conclusion: Is
not the operator to some extent his "brother's
keeper?" If so, then if we fail to adopt every
possible means for safeguarding life and limb ot
those w'thin out care, we are culpable. We
should keep befoie us, "Safety first, then output."
In saying that, I believe I am expressing the sentiments
of eveiy operator here.
The United Mine Workers of District No. 23,
Western Kentucky, elected these officers in December,
1912, tbe result being announced at the annual
convention, March 4, at Owensboro. Ky.:
International board member,, George Baker; president,
L. B. Walker; vice president, H. L. Render;
secretary-treasurer, H. H. Vincent; auditors, J. F.
Everly, C. E. Drake ancl W. M. Harris; tellers—J.
D. Walker. Charles G. Shackletc and L. S. Campbell;
district executive board members—Sam Shamwell,
George Rone, J. T. Maine, Virgil Render, Ed.
Frazier. W. C. Hopgood. W. D. Duncan and John
B. Baker.
At the meeting of the United Mine Workers of
tbe Sixth sub-district of Ohio, held at Alliance
March 4, it was announced the officers elected
were: John Sexton, Salineville, president; H. A.
Gray. East Palestine, vice president; W. A. Savage,
Amsterdam, secretary and treasurer; Fred
Tolston, Salineville; Frank Sutton and John Crumbly,
of Amsterdam, constitute the executive board.
The auditors chosen are James Lewis, East Palestine:
James Starkey, Salineville; George Lucas.
Amsterdam.
President Joseph Smith, of Bay City, has been
re-elected president of the United Mine Workers
of America, Distiict No. 24. comprising Michigan.
over Harry Elliott, of Saginaw, vice president of
the organization. it was the closest election in
ihe history of the Mine Workers in that Frank
O'Donnell, of Bay City, was elected vice president,
and George Cements, of Saginaw, was re-elected
secretary-treasurer.
President John P. White of the United Mine
Workers addreshed a mass meeting of miners at
Birmingham. Ala., March S, ancl predicted a reorganization
of the union in that state in the near
future. President White blamed the operators foi
the smal' audience that came to hear his address
and referred scathingly to former Governor Comer.
Thomas Cairns, president of the United Mine
Workers of West Virginia, is authority for the
statement that tho miners will ask operators of
the New River field for permission to organize;
lor a two weeks' pay period, and a cheekweighman
on the tipple.
The I'nited Stales Coal & Coke Co. of Gary, W.
Va., a subsidiary of the Steel Corporation, has
announced a general advance in the wages of its
employes, effective March 1. About 3.000 mine
workers will receive an increase averaging about
eight per cent.
The annual examination for mine foremen's certificates
in the Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth.
Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth,
Nineteenth and Twentieth anthracite districts of
Pennsylvania, will be held at Pottsville. Pa., March
26 and 27,
The recently elected officials of District 9, United
Mine Workers of America, have rented a suite
of rooms in the Thompson building at Pottsville,
Pa., for official headquarters, which will be removed
from Shamokin, Pa., April 1.
K COAL TRADE CASUALTIES »
Fire at Neffs. 0., March 8. destroyed the store
and warehouse of the Pittsburgh-Belmont Coal Co.
and a blacksmith shop and damaged other buildings.
It caused a loss of $20,000, with $12,000
insurance.
The tipple of the Blaine Coal Co. at Lock No. 3,
south of Pittsburgh, was burned recently, entailing
a loss of $13,000. The fire is believed to have
originated from a spark of a passing locomotive.
Governor Hodges, of Kansas, has assured Francis
Keegan, assistant labor commissioner and mine
inspector, of the state's co-operation in every phase
of the work of mine inspection, and that he will
recommend that a central office completely equipped,
be maintained in Pittsburg instead of Topeka.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
CARE AND LUBRICATION OF AIR COMPRESSORS"
Having noticed in ihe Alabama Supreme Court
Reporter a decision, awarding heavy damages to
the administrators of a man killed in the mines
by gas from the exhaust of a compressed air
driven pump, when he went to start up the pump;
the secretary takes the liberty of giving you the
following information, gathered from reliable
sources, in regard to the care and operation of
air compressor^, with respect to safety and efficiency,
viz:
ft is a fact that air compressors frequently pollute
the mine air with dangerous gases, and sometimes
explode, causing damage to persons and
property. In either case the same may be generally
attributed to the excessive heating in the
presence of compi essed air of the oil and foreign
substances that have collected in the cylinder, discharge
pipes and air passages and especially in and
around the valves. Volatilization ancl ignition of
oil and other carbonaceous matter occurs very rapidly
in the presence of highly heated air.
The greatest heating takes place where the air
passes from the cylinder into the discharge pipe.
Even though the compressor is equipped with
modern and approved cooling devices, insufficiency
of size or too many angles in the discharge pipe,
or incrustation of dust mixed with oil, at the discharge
opening, decreasing the capacity of the discharge
any or all of them may produce enough
heat to cause an explosion, or anyway, produce
dangerous gases, which should not enter the mine.
It is therefore, important:
First. To keep the compressed air, while being
compressed, at as low a temperature as possible.
Second. To prevent oil and other carbonaceous
substances from collecting in any part of the machine
or in the discharge pipes.
All ports and air passages should be as large as
practicable and should be kept free from obstructions
and incrustations. In addition to partly
closing the ports, incrustation often causes the
valves to stick resulting in disastrous consequences.
When the valves stick it causes a "back kick" and
considerable friction in re-compression, which pro­
duces great heat.®
To avoid incrustation and collecting of oil and
(Tilt is claimed that tin- Ragler-Hoebinger valve practically
eli'ninates the backflow and works without lubrication.
It raav, however, he impracticable to apply to
machines already installed ancl to certain kinds ancl sizes
of machines.
•Safety Painpulc: No. ".. Alabama Coal c >p.-raters' Association.
Prepared by la-. 1.. Davidson, secretary,
under the approval and direction of the Mine Casualty
& Mining Institute Committee.
foreign substances in the machine and discharge
pipes, high grade non-carbonizing oil may be used
and should be properly fed into the cylinder. Petroleum
oil, especially free from volatile carbon,
with flash point of not less than 625 degrees F. is
recommended.© The oil should not be too dense
nor contain animal or vegetable oil. Do not, in
any case, use ordinary steam cylindei oil. Why?
Because the heat in tlie steam cylinder is moist,
and the surplus oil is washed out, whereas, the
feat in the compressor cylinder is dry, thus causing
the oil to stick and cake. For the above reason,
and also on account of the difference in the
character of the proper lubricant and the work it
has to perform, the proper feeding of oil to the
compressor cylinder, is very different from the
oil feed to a steam cylinder. Too much oil causes
incrustation. A surprisingly small quantity of
good oil will give sufficient lubrication to air compressors.
Watch your compressor and cut the
amount of oil down to the minimum of its requirements.
Oil should not be allowed to collect
in the machine-. In case it does, it should not be
allowed to remain, but should be drawn off immediately.
Even when using the best oil, properly fed to
the cylinder, the machine should be cleaned frequently
or when needed.
Do not use kerosene for cleaning! It is very
dangerous. Kerosene has a flash point of about
120 degrees F. and the temperature of the compressed
air may at any time reach 300 lo 450 degrees
F. and cause an explosion. The best and
safest method of cleaning is to feed into the air
cylinder, soapsuds, made of one part soft soap
to 15 parts clean water. Feed a liberal amount
of this solution into the cylinder instead of the
oil for a few hours or even for a day, if necessary.
The accumulation of this water and oil should be
drained off from time to time during the process
by opening the blow off valve at the receiver.
To prevent Ilisting, it is necessary to run the
machine and feed oil into the cylinder for an hour
or so after the cleaning process is completed and
the water drained off, so that the valves and all
parts connected with the cylinder will become
coated with oil before- shutting down the machine.
The temperature of the discharged air should
never ex?eed 250 degrees F. The machine should
be watched and if the temperature exceeds the
©Flake graphite mixrcl with the oil and fed into the
machine has Ocen found to he a very satisfactory and
safe lubricant. Also a mixture ol' cast Me soar) and
clean water may ho used provided the wil bin named precautions
are taken to prevent rusting while machine is
shut down.

48
above, it should be shut down and cooled.® If
possible, the cause of overheating should be elim­
inated before starting up again.
The tempei'ature increases as the pressure in­
creases, therefore, it would be well to equip all
air compressors with an automatic pressure o'-
temperature regulator, wdiich will allow the com­
pressor to run idle as soon as the pressure or tem­
perature in the receiver reaches a predetermined
limit and likewise bring the compressor into action
again as soon as the pressure or temperature falls
below this limit. There are regulators on the
market which apply to compressors coupled direct
to the engine, or driven by electric motors, 01
driven by belt and pulleys.
As an extra precaution, a fusible plug may be
placed in the discharge pipe near the compressor.
This plug should be constituted to fuse and blow­
out at a temperature of between 325 and 350 de­
grees F.®
Remember that proper construction, proper care
of the machine, and high grade lubricants, may-
save life and are cheaper than shut downs, lost
power, destruction of property and dam?.ge suits!
©The machine may be equipped with a recording thermometer,
especially designed to continuously record on
a chart Ihe temperature of the air where it passes from
tic compressor into the pipe line. A suitable thermometer
for Ihe purpose is manufactured hy The Bristol
Co.. Watorbnry. Conn.
©Fusible pities are patented but may be obtained from
hardware supply houses or dealers in mining machinery
and supplies.
CONSOLIDATION COAL COMPANY AN­
NOUNCES PROMOTION OF OFFICIALS.
Vice President George C. Watson of the Consolidation
Coal Co., March 3, announced the follow­
ing promotion of officials:
Mr. Frank R Lyon was appointed general man­
ager of the. company with headquarters at Fair­
mont.
Mr. John G. Smith, former manager of the Elk­
horn division, was appointed chief engineer of all
divisions, with headquarters at Fairmont.
Mr. Samuel Steinbach was appointed general
manager of the Pennsylvania division with head­
quarters at Somerset, Pa.
Mr. Everett Brennan succeeds Mr. Smith as
general manager of the Elkhorn division ancl will
have headquarters at Junkins, Ky.
Mr. R. L. Kingsland succeeds Mr. Brennan as
superintendent of the power and mechanical de­
partment with headquarters at Fairmont.
An official call lias been sent cut for the annual
convention of the United Mine Workers of Subdis­
trict No. 1, Ohio (the Hocking district), the con­
vention to be held at Logan, 0., March 26.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CANDIDATES WHO PASSED ILLINOIS
MINE BOARD EXAMINATION.
The following candidates have passed the Illi­
nois Mining Board examinations:
Mine Managers, First Class—Walter Scott, Har­
risburg; Martin Duddy, Bush; Joe Dixon, West
Frankfort; R. F. Smith, Maryville; T. T. Furge-
son, Sawyerville; Thomas Gardner, Johnston City;
George Cook, Sparland; Benjamin Jackson, Brere-
ton.
Mine Managers, Second Class—Oscar Newell,
Chillicothe; Milo Bushnell, Astoria; John Gibson,
Ipava; Don Valentine, Astoria; J. G. Poliett, Can-
Ion; Peter Westerfield, Canton; Alfred Manuel,
Roseville; H. A. Fieller, Canton; Charles Younger,
Crainville; Joseph Engel, Kewanee; Frank Wolge-
mut, Canton.
Hoisting Engineers—Harry Rude, Harrisburg;
Leonard W. West, Pana; William Lusk, Taylor-
ville; Ray Davis, Benton; Charles L. Kent, Cen­
tralia.
Mine Examiners—George Hope, Johnston City;
Charles Glancey, Christopher; Louis Selotto, Witt;
William A. Jones, Taylorville; R. L. Van Hoose,
Herrin; Fred Schoonover, Glen Carbon; Thomas
E. Couleban, St. David; George R. Martin. Clifford;
Anthony T. Jakonbeck, Belleville; Alfred Eaton.
Girard; Charles Lorkowski, Glen Carbon; Otis Bur­
ress, Galatia: J. E. Weise, Belleville; J. Q. Charl­
ton, Pinckney ville: Tom Russell. West Frank:
fort; James Rogers, Norris; Ralph Snider, Bush;
S. D. Hove, Chistopher; P. W. Canfield, Brereton:
Ernest Deakin, Pekin; Henry C. Mueller, Mount
Olive: William F. Greiner, Belleville.
UTAH COAL PRODUCTION.
The coal production of Utah for the
ing Nov. 30, 1912, as compiled from the
State Mine Inspector J. E. Pettit, by c
was:
1912.
Utah Fuel Co 1,952,114
Independent Coal & Coke Co. 397,272
Consolidated Fuel Co 319,777
Castle Vallev Coal Co 210,395
Black Hawk Coal Co 66,976
Union Fuel Co 58,954
Rees-Grass Creek Coal Co... 24,664
Weber Coal Co 22,406
Castle Gate Coal Co 11,813
Mines producing less than
10,000 tons 23,995
Total 3,0SS,356
year end-
report of
omapnies,
1911.
1,656,284
343,080
199,987
114,931
44,204
17,529
32 263
56,327
2.501,471

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE BUREAU
OF MINES.
By Joseph A. Holmes, Director.
A miners' circular dealing with the use of explosives
in eoal mining was prepared by J. J. Rutledge.
A bulletin dealing with miscellaneous accidents
in mines is being prepared for publication
by J, J. Rutledge and other engineers, and a report
on the relative efficiency of various kinds of stoppings
in preventing leakage of the ventilating current
in coal mines is being piepared by R. Y. Williams.
A bulletin on the system of filling mine
workings with waste by flushing, used in Pennsylvania
anthracite mines, is being prepared by
Chailes Enzian.
G. S. Rice, chief mining engineer, supervised the
mine investigations of the engineer; he also investigated
a mine disaster in West Virginia.
During the absence of Mr. Rice in Europe, J. J.
Rutleage, mining engineei. attended to tne genera!
work of mine investigations. Mr. Rutledge investigated
a number of accidents during the yeai.
Mr. Rutledge also investigated the
l SE OE GASOLINE
locomotives at a mine in Alabama, and headed a
party that sampled coai mines in the Pocahontas
and New River fields, West Virginia, for the Navy
Department.
R. Y. Williams, mining engineer, with headquarters
at Urbana, 111., was chiefly occupied with the
joint investigations carried on in Illinois by the
State of Illinois and the Bureau of Mines, with a
view to obtaining information that would tend to
lessen accidents and waste in mining. Special
attention was paid to the humidity of mines, coal
dust ancl its inflammability, ventilation methods,
leakage of stoppings, methods of timbering and
mining, and fire protection and escape facilities.
Mr. Williams also investigated mine disasters in
Oklahoma.
Charles Eiizian, mining engineer, with headquarters
in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., was occupied chiefly
with investigating flushing or hydraulic mine-filling
methods in the anthracite field. He investigated
a number of mine accidents.
The chief work of the section of engineers, foreman
miners, and first-aid miners of the mining
division, which is under the direction of J. W.
Paul, was the investigation of the causes of mine
explosions and mine fires ancl the training of miners
in the use of the methods and equipment employed
in mine rescue work and in giving first aiei
to those injure 1 in mine accidents. This work
was carried on from the several mine-safety cars
and stations. In addition, tests of miners' safety
( CONCLUDED FROM I •SUE OF MARCH 1)
lamps and of mine rescue breathing and resuscitation
apparatus were made at the Pittsburgli station
and in the field.
Mining centers in ali of the large coal producing
states were visited, and demonstrations, lectures,
and training were given. Systematic training
itineraries were arranged, involving stops of one,
two, and three weeks at each place; during each
stop classes of mineis were given full courses of
instruction and training in the use of mine rescue
breathing apparatus and in first-aid work.
During the year the field work was conducted
under an organization emDracing six sections, over
each of which an engineer had supervision. These
sections were as follows:
Eastern section, including the coal mining districts
of Pennsylvania. Ohio and West Virginia,
cars 1 and 6 and
THE PITTSBURGH STATION.
in charge of J. W. Paul, assisted by J. T. Ayan and
G. H. Deike, with headquarters at. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Southern section, including the mining districts
in Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia ancl Alabama,
car 7, Knoxville and Birmingham stations, in
charge of J. W. Paul, with headquarters at Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Central section, including the coal mining districts
of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Missouri, car
3, Urbana and McAlester stations, in charge of
R. Y. Williams, with headquarters at Urbana, 111.
Southwestern section, including Kansas, Arkansas
and Oklahoma, McAlester station, in charge of
C. S. Stevenson, with headquarters at Pittsburg,
Kan.
Southern Rocky Mountain section, including the
coal mining districts of Southern Wyoming, Utah,
Colorado and New Mexico, cars 2 and 4, in charge
of J. C. Roberts, with headquarters at Denver, Col.
Pacific section, including coal and metal mines
in Washington, Idaho, Montana and North Wyoming,
car 5 and Seattle station, in charge of H. M.
Wolflin, with headquarters at Billings, Mont.
At the Pittsburgh station J. W. Paul, mining
engineer, had supervision ot the work of training
miners in rescue and first-aid methods, and the
supervision of the tests of safety lamps and
breathing apparatus. In addition, he was ongaged
in the iireparaticn of publications dealing
with mine safety. J. T. Ryan, assistant mining
engineer, had direct charge of the testing of safety
lamps. He was also engaged in testing and repairing
rescue apparatus, and for part of the year

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
had general charge of training work at. the Pitts­
burgh station. G. H. Deike and 0. H. Reinholt.
assistant mining engineers, and D. J. Price, fore­
man miner, assisted during parts of the year in
making tests of lamps and other apparatus, and
in preparing reports, statements, and estimates.
XV. D. Roberts, foreman miner, and C. O. Roberts,
first-aid miner, gave mine-rescue and first-aid trai'itity much less than ordinarily used in mine blast­
ing, and repaired apparatus, lamp equipment, etc.
in addition lo the foreman miners ancl first-aid
miner located at Pittsburgh as named above, K. II.
Chisholm, C. S. Stevenson, J. M. Anderson, A. R.
Brown, William Burke, D. I). Davis. Jesse Henson,
W. A. Raudenbush, A. A. Flynn. .1. M. Webb, W. T.
Burgess, E. B. Sutton, A. A. Sams, and A. G. Ham­
ilton, foreman miners, ancl W. D. Scofield, G. W
Salisbury. XV. J. German, Leonard Farnell, J. T.
Reynolds, T. C. Harvey, and G. T. Powell, first-aid
miners, were in charge of, or
ENG \C;ED IN THE WORK
of, the mine-safety cars and stations i'or various
periods of time during the year.
John Ferrell, first-aid miner, was killed in line
of duty January 19, 1912, while exploring an in­
closed fire area at Cherry Valley mine, Pennsylvania.©
The primary purpose of the experimental mine
at Bruceton, Pa., near Pittsburgh, is to enable
explosions of coal dust ancl gas to be made on a
scale comparable with ordinary mine explosions,
which is not possible in a surface gallery because
of the latter not being strong enough to resist
rupture. Further, a mine presents special con­
ditions, such as the coal walls, the slate roof, and
the irregular timbering which e-annot well be du­
plicated in a gallery of wood, steel, or concrete.
Hence, preventive means that are successful under
the artificial conditions in a surface gallery are
not necessarily successful in a mine. This in­
ference is supported by the result of experiments
that have been conducted in surface galleries in
different countries.
The arrangements at the experimental mine at
Bruceton make possible the duplication of any kind
of explosion that may be experienced in a coal
mine.
In this mine, moreover, other investigations relating
to safety can be made, such as tests of gaso­
line locomotives, of mining or cutting machinery,
of permissible and non-permissible explosives, of
electrical apparatus, ancl of ventilating methods.
During the early part of the fiscal year the en-
CDMr. Ferrell was Ihe second of Ihe rescue miners employed
in the Bureau of Mines lo lose his life while wearing
artificial breathing apparatus in a mine containing
irrespirable mine gases. The first was Joseph I-:. Evans,
who was overcome in lite Paneoast coal mine, near Scranton,
Pa.. April 7. Kill, while endeavoring to rescue
miners caught in the mine bv the disastrous mine fire
of that date.
tries were driven 740 feet from the outcrop, the
total length of single entry being about 1,700 feet.
The first large test of the explosibility of coal dust
under natural mine conditions was made on Octo­
ber 24, 1911. The mine headings had been loaded
with only 1 pound of eoal dust per linear foot of
entry, ancl only 2 pounds of black powder, a quan­
ing, was used in charging the blown-out shot that
started, the explosion, yet the explosion was so vio­
lent that it broke the concrete lining in places.
On October 30, 1911, a public test was made as
part of the national mine-safety demonstration at
Pittsburgh; over 1,200 mining men examined the
mine prior to the explosion, and watched the demonstration.
The flames
ISStTNG FROM TIIE MINE
lit up the country around, and the noise was heard
for a number of miles.®
Other tests were made during the winter, and
on February 24, 1912, a very violent explosion was
witnessed bv a large assemblage- of mine inspectors,
operators, and miners. The enormous speed of
over 2,000 feet per second was attained by the
explosive wave, and pressures of over 100 pounds
per square inch were recorded.
After the test of February 24 experiments were
made with gasoline locomotives and explosives,
supplementing the work at the Pittsburgh station.
In May and June the foreman miners and first-
aid miners who were unable to continue the mine
rescue and first-aid training at the cars and sta­
tions because of lack of funds were sent to the
experimental mine to drive the entries and to test
explosives. On June 30 the main entry ancl the
air course were in 978 and 9S0 feet, respectively,
making a total of about 2,200 linear feet of single
entry.
Plans for the fiscal year 1912-13 include work
of further enlargement of the mine to make it
more like a commercial mine and tests of preven­
tive means for stopping or checking explosions.
The chief results of the explosion experiments
for the past year are as follows:
(1) The mining public has been convinced that
coal-dust explosions can be- produced at will in a
mine as well as in a gallery.
(2) Coal-dust explosions may be caused by rela­
tively small quantities of long-flame explosives
in an unsafe shot which expends its energy outside
the hole.
(3) Violent coal-dust explosions may be pro­
duced in a comparatively shoit distance; that is,
600 or 700 feet. 'Phis is a matter of much importance
snice it indicates the
, ^T Jl £ details ot .hb, test are described in a chapter
lev G. S. Rice in Bulletin 44, Bureau of Mines, 1912

NECESSITY. 01' CRYING
to prevent explosions from starting rather than
trying to check them after being started.
A detailed report of all the experiments of the
first series has been prepared for publication in
tlie near future.
The experimental mine has been under the general
direction of George S. Rice, chief mining engineer;
L. M. Jones, mining engineer, and H. C.
Howarth, mine foreman, have oeen in immediate
charge of tbe mine and the preparation for the
experimental tests; J. K. Clement, physicist, and
bis assistant, XV. L. Egy, assistant physicist, have
been in charge of the instruments and the records
therefrom.
The laboratory study of the comparative inflammability
of c-oal dust from various parts of the
United States and of the factors that affect the inflammability
of the dust is being continued in the
laboratory at Pittsburgh. These experiments supplement
the results of the tests on a large scale
made in the explosives galleries and at the experimental
mine and are of much value in bringing
out the relative importance of different conditions
affecting dust explosions in c-oal mines.
At. the Pittsburgh experiment station inflammability
tests w ii e made also for a number of othei
coals, including some foreign coals. In all. some
35 coals weie tested, involving approximately 500
determinations. During the year the manuscript
and illustrations of a bulletin on the inflammability
of coal dusts were prepared and submitted for
publication.
The laboratory Investigations at Pittsburgh were
in charge of T. C. W. Frazer, chemist, from July 1
to September 1, 1911, and of E. J. Hoffman, assistant
chemist, from July to December 1, 1911.
In co-operation with the State of Illinois, for tbe
period January 1 to June 30, 1912, investigations
of the inflammability of dusts from Illinois cool
mines were undertaken at Urbana.
The laboratory study of the inflammability of
face samples of coal and of rib-dust and road-dust
samples powdered to pass
TIIIiOUC.lt A 200-MESH SCREEN
taken from the mines of two Illinois mining
district, 6 and S, was completed. In these districts
are 19 mines, from which over 100 samples
of coal were tested.
A series of experiments was made to determine
the effect of commercial common salt (sodium
chloride) when powdered and mixed with c-oal dust
upon the inflammability of the dust. Mixtures
of Pittsburgh standard dust containing, respectively,
15, 30 and 45 per cent, of salt were tested.
It is expected that from the study of the inflammability
of the road-dust and rib-dust samples a
comparison may lie made as to the relative possi­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
bility of such dusts propagating- a large explosion,
and that through the investigation of the composite
face samples from the 100 mines it will be
possible to throw light upon the different coals in
the State of Illinois with respect to the relative
inflammability of their dusts.
In connection with the investigation of the inflammability
of the coals from the various districts
in the state, it is proposed to study the effect oi
the addition of shale dust in reducing the inflammability
of coal dust, the determination ot the
quantities of shale dust necessary to render the
c-oal dust non-explosive, and the effect of the presence
of small percentages of gas (methane) upon
the inflammability of coal dust.
The mining investigations show that Illinois
coal dusts form explosive mixtures, that explosions
are rare in the northern part of the state, where
there is much shale dust in the mines, and frequent
in the southern part of the state, where small
quantities of methane are present in the mines.
The work of the bureau in these laboratory investigations
is in charge of J. K. Clement, physi
cist. L. A. Scholl, Jr., junior chemist, conducts
tit Urbana the laboratory inflammanility tests that
form a part of the co-operative work with the state
of Illinois.
In co-operation with the State ot Illinois, and
in continuation of tbe study of tbe geologic conditions
governing the
OCCURRENCE OF EXPLOSIVE GAS
in mines, an investigation of some conditions under
which such gas occurs in coal mines in Southern
Illinois was undertaken. The area selected
lies south of a line passing through Duquoin, Benton
ancl Eldorado. Field work was begun the
first Week in January, after conference with the
state geological survey at Urbana. All the representative
mines were visited, many of them a
number of times, and mere than 200 samples of
return air were collected. These samples were
analyzed in the laboratory at the Pittsburgh station.
Special consideration was given to the influence
of roc k structure and other geologic conditions
on the occurrence of gas, and most of the
sampling was so conducted as to permit the comparison
of the total volumes of inflammable gas
coming from different sections of a mine as wel!
a.s from the main return.
Sampling at different times gave opportunity
for comparing variations in the quantity of gas
evolved, notably after the mines were idle for
several weeks during a suspension of mining. A
series of tests was made to determine the pressure
of the gas in the solid coal in various mines and
in several parts of the same mine by boring 10foot
holes into the coal and placing in each a pipe
tightly tamped for 7 feet of its length. The pres-

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
sure was determined at different times and under
different conditions by a pressure gauge on the
pipe, and in some instances the volume of gas escaping
was measured. A few samples of pure gas
from these test holes were collected for analysis,
and samples of some of the borings were sent to
Pittsburgh at weekly intervals to be tested for the
quantity of gas driven off. Some of these samples
were taken separately at depths of 4, 8 and 10 feet
in boring the test holes.
Somewhat more than three months was devoted
to the field work, and then the assembling of the
data was begun. Considerable progress was made
in calculating the area of coal exposed in parts of
mines tested, and the preparation of a base map
was commenced.
This investigation was conducted by N. H. Darton,
geologist.
The work of the year included the collection and
analysis of samples of
.MINE GASES AND NATURAL GAS
and the study of problems relating to mine safety
or the utilization of natural gas.
Other work included chemical supervision of tbe
gas-air mixtures used at the Pittsburgh station for
testing explosives, safety lamps, electric lamps,
etc.; this involved making fully 2,000 analyses of
these mixtures. In addition, some chemical tests
were made of the air and oxygen supply of breathing
helmets while in use.
Trips were made to a number of mines, some of
them after explosions had occurred, in order to
gain reliable information regarding conditions.
in connection with the several investigations
carried on, the methods used for sampling and
analyzing mine gases were improved.
One hundred samples of natural gas were collected
in the course of an investigation of the composition
of natural gas in different parts of the
country ancl of the possibility of using the gas for
making gasoline.
Mine inspectors and persons directly interested
in mine safety frequently send in samples of mine
air for examination. The examination of such
samples is considered important, in that the senders
are furnished accurate analyses, and are enabled
to take proper action in providing against
possible danger to life or property. Simple apparatus
have been developed which make such local
tests easy and inexpensive, so that mine owners
can install at their mines facilities for making
such tests of gases from clay to day as may be
needed.
One thousand mine-gas samples were analyzed,
including 30,) samples collected by N. H. Darton in
Illinois and 300 samples collected in the anthracite
fields of Pennsylvania, and many were col­
lected in investigations following mine explosions,
under the direction of G. S. Rice, in order to assist
in determining the cause of each explosion.
One hundred and fifty samples of normal mine
atmospheres were collected.
One hundred and twenty-five samples of mine
air vitiated by the exhaust of gasoline locomotives,
including samples from the exhaust of such locomotives,
were collected to determine the cause of
the production ot harmful gases in the exhaust.
A special study of carbureter construction was
made.
Eighty samples of mine air were analyzed in
connection with the investigations of the vitiation
of mine air by blasting. Thirty
SAMPLES OF JUNE AIR
were collected at the experimental mine in the
course of experiments on the explosibility of coal
dust.
Twelve plants making gasoline from natural gas
were visited in the course of a study of gasoline
manufacture.
The plans for 1912-13 include investigations of
atmospheric conditions in different mines, the supervision
of gas-air mixtures used in testing explosives
or mine equipment, the collection of data
bearing on the explosibility and the physiologic
action of mine gases and of noxious and explosive
gases formed by blasting, and also investigations
relating to the use of gasoline locomotives and
acetylene lamps, and the control of fire damp in
coal mines.
In addition, attempts will be made to separate
natural gas into its separate paraffin hydrocarbons
by liquefaction and fractionation, and the extraction
of gasoline from Datural gas will be further
studied.
The main object of the coking investigations conducted
during the year was the determination of
the conditions governing the combustion of coke
within a foundry cupola. An exact knowledge of
combustion conditions is necessary as a basis for
the most efficient utilization of coke in foundry
practice. Work was chiefly confined to investigating
the gases and temperatures in different
parts of the fuel bed of the cupola. Seventeen
tests, which entailed the taking of 170 samples
and the making of 52S determinations by the chemical
laboratories, were made to determine the composition
of the gases, and 60 tests which entailed
about 4.000 separate observations were made to
determine temperatures.
The results of these tests show conclusively in.
what section of the fuel bed iron can be melted
most efficiently. They also show the conditions
of combustion at this section and the method to
be followed to produce hot fluid iron free from

defects due to ox\ gen. Incidentally, the physical
properties of coke and the means of testing these
qualities were studied, in order that practical and
equitable specifications for the
PURCHASE OF (DICE
by the Government can ue recommended and a
definite plan for determining the relative value of
new grades of coke can be devised.
To procure information in regard to the various
grades of coke produced in the United States all
the coke manufacturers of the country were requested
by a circular letter to furnish details.
Over 85 per cent, of the manufacturers replied.
Some S4 samples of coke have been submitted and
tested; these samples were accepted only from
operators who have no facilities at hand for making
tests. The results of the tests made by the
bureau and the data submitted by operators who
make their own tests are to be used in preparing
specifications for the purchase of coke.
Various by-product coke plants in Illinois. Indiana,
Wisconsin and Alabama were visited in
June.
A report embodying the results of the tests with
the experimental cupola was prepared for publication
as a bulletin entitled "Foundry Cupola Gases
and Temperatures."
The coking investigations were in charge of A.
W. Belden, engineer.
Soon after the bureau was established the need
arose of studying the laws and regulations of tne
several states of the United States ancl of foreign
countries in order to ascertain the measures taken
to guard the safety of miners and to determine
what laws and regulations seemed best adapted
to prevent accidents and loss of life in the mining,
quarrying, metallurgical, ancl miscellaneous mineral
industries of this country. This study involves,
in the case of State and Federal laws, an
investigation ot the decisions of the courts construing
such laws in order that the limitations
and application of each law may be authoritatively
determined. Good progress was made on this
work during the year.
It is proposed to annotate, so far as possible, the
mining statutes examined; that is, to group under
each statute every court decision construing it. sc
that its exact meaning may be known. In addition,
a digest is being prepared that will contain
court decisions relating to mining matters and the
legal propositions laid down by the courts. The
compilation of a
GLOSSARY OF MINING WORDS
and phrases giving the judicial definition of such
words and phrases is contemplated.
It is the hope of the bureau that through the
examination of mining statutes and regulations
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
and the publication of digests it may be aide to
aid state legislatures in framing laws that wil!
help to lessen mining latalities and increase the
health, safety and comfort of the miner and will
assist in bringing about more efficient utilization
of the Nation's mineral resources.
During the past year the 222 volumes of tlie
United States Supreme Court Reports, the 190
volumes of the Federal Reporter, and 15 volumes
of the Decisions of the General Land Office have
been examined. Tbe decisions relating to the
United States mining and mineral-land statutes
have been collected and abstracted, and also those
relating to the duty and the negligence of mine
owners and operators in the employment and treatment
of miners, the use of electricity, explosives,
and mining ancl metallurgical machinery, and the
risks assumed by miners and other persons employed
in the mineral industries and their right
to recover damages for injuries.
The coal-leasing laws of foreign countries and
of all states having such laws were collected and
abstracted.
The examination of mine laws and regulations
is in charge of J. W. Thompson, law examiner, assisted
by C. B. Dutton, law clerk.
Although accurate statistics concerning mine accidents
iit the United States as a whole are essential
to the development of intelligent plans to bring
about greater safety in mining, and are the important
means by which progress toward this end
may be determined, such statistics are lacking in
regard to quarrying, metallurgical and other mineral-industry
plants, and metal mining in many
of the states. They are deficient or incomplete in
a number of states, and even in the statistics of
coal-mine accidents, which in some of the states
are well cared for, there is a lack of uniformity in
both plans and records.
The Bureau of Mines has no place or desire to
duplicate or displace the good work that is being
done in a number of states. It desires to cooperate
with the inspectors in these and other
states in the collection and co-ordination of the
statistics of accidents in the
MINING AND MINERAL
industries. Tbe purpose is to assemble and publish
such statistics for the United States, so as to
make them comparable in scope and character with
the statistics now being published by and for other
of the large mining countries.
With the inadequate funds and clerical force at
its disposal the bureau has been able to do little
more than compare the existing records of this
and other countries, and to collect supplemental
data concerning accidents in the United States
sufficient to determine the deficiencies of the pres-

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ent system and the difficulties in the way of bringing
the system over the whole country up to a
standard creditable to the Nation.
A co-operative agreement has been entered into
with the various state coal mine inspectors by
which the inspectors are to furnish monthly reports
of fatalities in the coal mines of their respective
states, tbe bureau compiling the totals
for the country and publishing these, with the accidents
classified according to cause. The first publication
(13 pages) of these monthly reports, which
also included a statement of fatalities in the coal
mines of the United States in 1310, was presented
for discussion at the annual meeting of the Mine
Inspectors' Institute of America at Columbus, Ohio,
on June IS, 1912.
During the yeai many thousands of letters were
addressed to tlie operators of metal mines and
quarries asking for information concerning the
accidents occurring during the previous year. To
a majority of these letters replies have been received,
but the returns have been so incomplete
that before satisfactory records are in hand supplemental
work will be necessary beyond the present
force and facilities of the bureau.
The work thus far accomplished in the collection
and publication of mine-accidents statistics was
in charge of F. W. Horton, engineer, assisted by a
clerk and temporary aids.
WYOMING COAL PRODUCTION.
The coal production of Wyoming for the year
ending Sept. 30, 1912, by companies, as reported
by the state mine inspectois, was:
Union Pacific Coal Co 2,323,328
Superior Coal Co 1,012,547
Kemmerer Coa! Co 803,257
Diamond Coal & Coke Co 638,345
Cambria Fuel Co 391,211
Central Coal & Coke Co 371,517
Wyoming Ccal Mining Co 322,238
Carney Coai Co 278,219
Sheridan Coal Co 194,490
Gunn-Quealy Coal Co 165,373
Acme Coal Co 165,137
Kooi mine 153,601
Poposia Coal Co 112,537
Owl Oeek Coal Co 109,088
Wyoming Coal Co 97,000
Big Horn Collieries Co 76.116
Mammoth Coal Mining Co. & Lincoln
Coal Co 60,974
Rocky Mountain Coal & Iron Co 15,697
Rook Springs-Gibraltar Coal Mining Co.. 12,215
Mines producing less than 10,000 tons each 38,247
Total 7,341,140
NEW PUBLICATIONS UNITED
STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
Bulletin 521. The Commercial Marbles of Western
Vermont, by T. Nelson Dale. 1912. 170 pages,
17 plates, 25 text figures.
Water-Supply Paper 2S3. Surface Water Supply
of the United States, 1910, Part III, Ohio
River Basin, prepared under the direction of M.
O. Leighton by A. H. Horton, M. R. Hall, and
H. J. Jackson. 1912. 158 pages, 2 plates.
Water-Supply Paper 293. Underground Water
Resources of fowa, by W. H. Norton, W. S. He-ndrixson,
H. E. Simpson, O. E. Meinzer, and others.
1912. 994 pages, 18 plates, 6 text figures.
Water-Supply Paper 301. Surface Water Supply
of the United States, 1911, Part I, North Atlantic
Coast, prepared under the direction of M.
O. Leighton by C. C. Babb, C. C. Covert, and R. H.
Bolster. 1912. 221 pages, 4 plates.
Water Supply Paper 311. Surface Water Supply
of the United States, 1911, Part XI, Pacific
Coast in California, prepared under the direction
of M. O. Leighton by H. D. McGlashan and R. H.
Bolster. 1912. 304 pages, 4 plates.
Geologic Folio 186. Apishapa (Colo.) folio, by
G. W. Stose. 12 folio pages of text, 3 maps, 13
plates, 21 text figures. Price 25 cents. To be
published also in octavo form, price 50 cents.
Topographic maps (16U by 20 inches) of the
quadrangles named below are now ready for distribution.
Price 10 cents each, or $3 for 50—
that is, a discount of 40 per cent, is allowed on
purchases of these maps amounting to $5 or mere
at the retail rate.
Chokio, Minn., embracing parts of Big Stone and
Stevens Counties; longitude 96 c -96° 15', latitude
45° 30'-45° 45'; scale, 1:62,500; contour interval,
10 feet.
Williamsport, W. Va.-Md.-Pa., embracing parts
of Berkeley county, W. Va., Washington count>,
Md., and Franklin county. Pa.; longitude 77° 45'-
78°, latitude 39° 30'-39° 45'; scale, 1:62,500; contour
interval, 20 feet.
The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. announces
that the Delaware Division canal was opened for
navigation from Bristol to Easton March 3, and
that the Lehigh canal is expected to be opened
from Easton to Coalport (Mauch Chunk) Monday,
March 24.
"Did youse git anyt'ing?" whispered the burglar
on guard as his pal emerged from the window.
"Naw, de bloke wot lives here is a lawyer," replied
the other in disgust.
"Dat's hard luck," said the first; "did youse lose
anything?"

The Winona Coal & Coke Co., which operates
coal mines and a plant of 30 ovens at Coffman, on
the Wheeling division of the Baltimore & Ohio
railroad, near Grafton. XV. Va., is figuring on the
construction ot 50 more ovens. Robert Hay, superintendent
of the plant, is in the Connellsville
region getting pointers on modern oven construction
and consulting with the owners of the plant.
The Berwind-White Coal Mining Co. is developing
a mine between Herberton and Pax, W. Va.,
which it is declared will lie the largest output
mine along the Virginian railway. The shaft will
lie 600 feet deep for the purposes of opening a
12.000-aere tract. The company will build a town
which will have 750 dwellings for working forces,
about halt of which are under construction.
A new railroad line from Jasper, Ala., to Empire,
Ala., is projected in connection with the development
of the nrooerties of the Maryland Coal
Co. in Walker county, Ala. It is reported $2,-
000,000 is to be spent on the developments.
The D. C. Thomas Coal Co., Columbus, O., will
develop 1,000 acres of coal near Seng, W. Va.
Mr. August Raabe, of Tamaqua, Pa., 80 years
old, died very suddenly of pneumonia, after a
short illness, March 1. Deceased was a pioneer
coal operator. He operated Raabe's colliery for
quite a number of years, but retired several years
ago to private life. He is survived by five children:
Mr. Samuel S. Snevd, assistant secretary and
treasurer of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co.,
with headquarters in Philadelphia, is said to have
ended his life at his home in Woodbury. N. J., by
shooting. Sneyd had suffered from a nervous
breakdown.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
Wakefield Coal Supply Co., Boston, Mass.; capital,
$35,000; incorporators, Edward P. White, F.
Horace Perley, Herbert E. Whitten, Albert R. Perkins,
Daniel D. Peabody, George H. Smith.
Pennsy Coal Co., Franklin, Pa.; capital, $25,000;
incorporators, George C. Miller, Dennie D. Mallory,
Gordon F. Proudfoot, John B. Moorhead,
James S. Carmichael, all of Franklin, Pa.
Cranberry Creek Coal Co., Hazleton, Pa.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, Frank Pardee, Hazleton,
Pa.; Herbert M. Howe, Mary W. F. Howe, Sarah
D. VanRensselaer, all of Philadelphia.
Lewis Land & Coal Co., Vaughn, W. Va.; capital,
$400,000; incorporators, E. W. Knight, G. S.
Couch, Jr., J. F. Brown, A, W. McDonald, and O. P.
Fitzgerald, all of Charleston, W. Va.
Warwood Coal Co.. Wheeling. XV. Va.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, Johnson C. McKinley, W.
R. Warwood, Harry O. Wells, W. B. Mathes and
John C. Berry, all of Wheeling.
Richland Block Coal Co., Wheeling, W. Va.:
capital, $100,000; incorporators, J. C. McKinley,
The Tennessee Jellico Coal Co. has increased its
H. B. Lockwood, L. W. Brown, N. C. Hubbard and
capital stock from $300,000 to $400,000 to provide
L. L Talbott. all of Wheeling.
additional capital to make developments at Haz­
Blair-Cambria Coal Co., New York; capital, $5,ard,
Ky., where a tract of land was recently acquired.
000; incorporators, Fredericic J. Curnick, New-
York, N. Y.; William H. Byers, New York, N. Y.;
William F. Breckman, of Connellsville, Pa., and John Gilroy, Narberth, Pa.
Howell T. McFarland, of Dunbar, Pa., will open a Mahoning Coal & Coke Co., Connellsville. Pa.;
new mine along the Buckhannon & Northern rail capital, $5,000; incorporators, J. M. Gray and
road, near Morgantown, W. Va.
K. K. Kramer, Connellsville, and I. R. Paull ancl
George Paull, Pittsburgh.
The Consolidated Coal Co., Saginaw, Mich., announced,
March 4, that, it will open three new Armerford Coai Mining Co., Armerford, Pa.;
mines within a short time.
capital, $100,000; incorporators, Charles C. Pfordt,
Indiana: C. F. Armstrong, Leechburg, and A. L.
Walker, Armerford.
Claybrook Coal Mining Co., Charleston, W. Va.;
capital, $100,000; incorporators, J. E. Chilton, John
S. Thayer, S. B. Clinton, S. Hess and T. S. Clark,
all of Charleston.
National Coal Savings Co.. Nashville, Tenn.;
capital, $10,000; incorporators, S. L. Cockroft,
Henry Burkard, W. D. Beam, G. E. Pettey and
J. XV. Wyott.
Camplatt Coal Co., Charleston, W. Va.; capital,
$200,000; incorporators, W 1. Robinson, H. C. L.
Florie, R. M. MeKenzie. Detroit, Mich.
Schwind Bros. Coal Co., Louisville, Ky.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators. Ernest E. Schwind, John
C. Schwind, Jr.. and George Miller, Jr.
Myers Coal Co., McKeesport, Pa.; capital, $5,000:
incorporators. H. J. Myers, Versailles, Pa.; Henry
Calhoun and John Myers, McKeesport.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Committee On Safety In Mines, Etc.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 23)
such well be located within three hundred (300)
feet of any mine shaft house, boiler house, engine
house, power house, mine fan, or mine tipple, unless
such structure has been abandoned.
Section 10. No well shall be drilled within fifteen
(15) feet of any underground haulage way.
traveling way, drainage way, or air way.
Section 11. It shall be the duty of the chief
well inspector to issue the license in duplicate, and
the well operator shall display at the location, one
copy of the license properly protected from injury,
and in such place ancl manner that it may be
easily seen.
Section 12. The license shall expire at the end
of one year from the date of issue unless drilling
operations are actually in progress.
ARTICLE 3. MANNER OF PRILLING AND PROTECTING.
Section 1. Each well passing through a workable
bed of coal shall be drilled, cased and protected
in the manner hereinafter provided:
(a) Where the coal is in piace.
A hole of a diameter six inches greater than the
inside diameter of the outside casing to be put
through the coal shall be drilled at least thirty
(30) feet below the bottom of said coal bed.
Within this holt shall be placed the casing, and
the space between the outside of said casing and
the well of the hole shall be filled with cement mortar,
or puddled clay, to a height of at least thirty-
ISO) feet above the top of solid coal bed, to exclude
water from the coal bed.
(b) Where the coal is removed and the mine
excavation is inaccessible.
A hole of a diameter sufficiently large to permit
the setting in of a liner four inches larger in
diameter than the inside diameter of tlie casing
to be put through the coal, shall be drilled at least
thirty (30) feet below the bottom of said coal bed.
Within this hole shall be placed a liner four
inches larger than tbe inside diameter of the said
casing and extending from the bottom of said hole
to at least thirty 130) feet above the mine roof.
A string of casing centrally guided by shoes or
winged guides shall be placed within the said liner
and the space between the liner and the casing
shall be filled with cement mortar or puddled clay
to the top of the liner.
To exclude water, the space between the said
casing and the wall of the hole and immediately
above the top of the liner, shall be filled a distance
of at least ten feet with cement mortar or puddled
clay.
(c) Where the coal is removed and the mine
excavation is accessible.
The method may be either as provided in the
case of inaccessible mine excavations or as where
the coal is in place provided; that if the latter
method is chosen the well operator shall at his
own expense provide a suitable retaining wall
laid in cement mortar to retain the cement mortar
or puddled clay about the casing. This wall shall
extend from two let below the mine floor to the
roof of the mine, and be of such size as to retain
at least two inches of puddled clay or cement mortar
about the said casing.
Section 2. The well operator shall upon completion
of the work of casing through coal bed
make an affidavit signed by two men having at
least three years' experience in casing wells as to
the method of casing and protecting the well said
affidavit to be filed with the chief well inspector.
Section 3. Under any of the above provisions
the work of casing and protecting from gas and
water through the coal bed shall be completed before
the wel! is drilled to a greater depth; and ir,
the event of any well being productive of oil or
gas, the space between the said outside casing and
the next string of such other easing as may be left
in, shall remain open, the top being provided with
a suitable device to permit ventilation and at the
same time to prevent dirt or debris from falling
in. or being thrown in, or the ventilating opening
from being readily closed.
ARTICLE 4.—ABANDONMENT.
Section 1. The well operator when he purposes
to abandon any well, shall send a written notice
of his intention to the chief well inspector, and the
work of plugging the hole or puliing the casing
shall not proceed until the well inspector is present
to see that said plugging is done as prescribed
by this Act, except as hereinafter provided.
Section 2. In case the well inspector fails to
lie present within three days from receipt of notice,
then the work may proceed provided that two
men having experience of at least three years in
the plugging of wells be present, and make affidavit
in duplicate that the work was done in accordance
with the provision of this Act, said affidavits
to be filed with the chief well inspector, and made
a record of his office.
Section 3. The well operator shall send to the
chief well inspector with the notice of abandonment,
a legally certified copy of tne license to drill,
provided the well was drilled under the provisions
of this Act.
Section 4. If the wel! was diilled prior to the
passage of this Act, the well operator shall send
to the chief well inspector, with the notice of abandonment,
a descriptic.n and plat showing the location
of the well as herein provided for in the application
for license to drili.
Section 5. Every well upon abandonment must
be plugged and filled solidly and tightly from
the bottom to the top as follows:

The hole must be filled with rock sediment, sand,
clay or other suitable material from the bottom
of the well to a nard ana firm stratum below the
last string of casing set in above the producing
or or gas sands. When the well inspector declares
that it is impracticable to fill the cavity in
the lowest producing sand then he shall permit the
well operator to place plugs at the top of the lowest
producing sand and fill as hereafter specified.
In this firm, hard stratum three seasoned wood
plugs of a diameter equal to the diameter of the
hole, and each of a iength of at least three feet
shall be driven into place. Above the third plug
\en (loi feet ot clay must be placed and thoroughly
tamped down so as to prevent the passage
of oil, gas or water.
Immediately below the seat of each and every
string of casing rher • shail be driven a seasoned
wood plug as described, and all spaces between
wood plugs shall be filled solidly ancl tightly with
rock sediment, clay, sand or other suitable material
as the casing is withdrawn length by length.
All plugs shall be driven in place with proper
drilling tools.
In the case of a well in which the outside casing
lias been cemented as herebefore provided, said
outer casing may be cut off at a point not less than
fifty (50) feet above the coal bed and removed,
but in any event the hole shall be filled to the surface.
The location of ihe plugp herein provided for are
made with reference to the relative positions of
the workable coal beds ancl the gas and oil sands
for the purpose of preventing the passage of oil
or gas into the workable coal beds and of water
into the oil and gas sands and if any well presents
a variation in such relative positions of the
said strata such additional wood plugs as the
well inspector may deem necessary shall be driven
into place by the well operator.
Section 6. When tbe work of plugging and filling
from bottom to top has been completed, the
well operator, or his authorized agent, shall make
a report in duplicate to the chief well inspector.
upon forms to be furnished by the well inspector,
showing the date of completion of the well, the
depths to the c-oa! beds, the names of and depths
lo all productive oil or gas measures, the total
depth of the well, and the location and kind of all
plugs and filling used, and the method followed
in placing the same.
Section 7. If the well inspector has been present
during the performance of this work, he also shall
sign the report to the chief well inspector.
Section 8. If the well inspector has not been
present, this report shall be joined in by two men
employed on the work as provided for in tip's Act.
Section 9. When the coal is removed from
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
around a well casing or liner, the coal operator
shall protect the same from corrosion and mechanical
injury by a wall ot suitable material to retain
two inches of cement mortar between the said wai!
and the said casing or liner; this protection shall
extend from two feet below the mine floor to the
roof of tbe mine, except in the case of an abandoned
well, which has oeen plugged and filled as
prescribed in this Act.
ARTICLE 5.—CHIEF INSPECTOR OF NATURAL GAS AM)
PETROLEUM WELLS.
Section 1. There is hereby created the office of
chief inspector of natural gas and petroleum wells.
Section 2. A chief inspectoi of natural gas and
petroleum wells shall be appointed by the governor,
or by a commission provided for the purpose,
from an eligible list of men who have passed
a satisfactory examination showing their technical
and practical fitness for the position.
Section 3. The salary and necessary travel ex
penses of the chief well inspector shall be borne
by the state, and an office provided and equipped
with suitable filing a; rangements.
Section 4. The chief well inspector shall, before
entering upon the discharge of his duties, give
bond in the sum of " with approved
sureties for the faithful discharge of his duties;
and shall take oath that he will discharge his duties
with impartiality and fidelity to the best of
iiis knowledge and ability. But no person who
is acting as manager or agent of any oil or gas
company, or any coal company, or who is interested
in operating any oil or gas well or any coal
mine, shall at the same time act as chief well inspector
under this Act.
Section 5. The chief well inspector shall be
authorized to appoint field and office assistants
whose salaries ami expenses shall lie borne by the
state.
Section 6. An appeal from the decisions of any
assistant may be made to the chief well inspector.
Section 7. It shall be the duty of the chief well
inspector to carry out all of the provisions of this
Act, and keep a complete record and prepare for
publication, a yearly report of the wells drilled in
the state, together with their location, date of completion,
depth, character of product, date of abandonment,
and name of owner, and other information.
The well inspector shall receive and investigate
all complaints as to injury, present or impending.
due to lack of precaution on the part of any we'd
operator or coal operator. If he finds the complaints
against the coal operator to be well founded.
he shall lay the facts before the state mine inspector.
In case of failure of the well operator to plug
an abandoned well, in accordance with the provi-

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
sions of this Act, it shall be the duty of the well
inspector to have the work performed by contract,
and to assess the cost against the well operator.
If the well inspector discovers any well being
drilled, operated, or plugged, contrary to the requirements
of this Act, he shall order the workmen
engaged upon such well to cease work at
once, and shall not permit the work to be resumed
until he is satisfied chat the law is complied with.
The well inspector shall determine the sufficiency
of plats for tiie purpose of accurately locating
wells, ancl shall cause a new survey of such location
in r -ase the available plat and descriptions
are unsatisfactory. This survey shall be paid for
by the applicant unless it is shown that the original
plat is correct in which case the cost of tin
new survey is to be borne by the state.
It shall be the duty of the chief well inspector
'o transmit to the proper county recorder the duplicate
of plats, descriptions, applications ancl reports
sent to him by well operators, and these shail
be recorded in a book kept specially for this purpose
by the county recorder.
Section 8. To enable the well inspector to perform
tbe duties imposed upon him by this Act, he
shall have the right at all times to approach and
examine any weil in his district, and with the
authority of the state mine inspector, to enter any
mine affected, and upon discovery of any violation
of this Act or upon being informed of such violation,
he shall institute proceedings against the person
or persons at fault, under the provisions of the
law provided for such cases.
When a well is so located that it passes through
a mine or near a mine, the well operator may appoint
as his representative a mining engineer or
other competent person experienced in mining
operations, who shall with the written permission
of the chief or district state mine inspector have
the right to enter the, n.'ne at such times as will
not interfere with the operation of the mine.
ARTICLE 6.
Section 1. Any coal operator or well operator
who neglects or refuses to comply with the provi-
The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH. PA.
Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING. OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
sions of this Act, or who violates any of the provisions
or requirements thereof, shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon con
viction thereof in the court of the county in which
the misdemeanor wa= committed, be punished by a
fine or imprisonment at the discretion of the court.
Section 2. Each section of this Act and every
part thereof is hereby declared to be an independent
section or part of a section and if any section
or sub-section shall for any reason be held unconstitutional
the validity of the remaining sub-sections
shall not be affected thereby.
Section 3. All Acts or parts of Acts inconsistent
herewith are hereby repealed.
State Geologist Richard Hiee, assisted by the
Bureau of Mines, will immediately prepare a bib
conforming to the code of suggestions and have it
presented to the Pennsylvania legislature.
The Ingersoll-Rand Co., 11 Broadway, New
York City, has just issued a 40-page. 6x9 catalogue,
form 300S, covering its Class "PE" Duplex Direct
Connected Electrically Driven Compressors
Among the principal features of design and construction
are: The "Clearance Controller"; The
"Hurricane Inlet Valve"; Auxiliary Water Separator;
Enclosed Flood Imbrication for Main Bearings,
Crank Pins and Cross Heads; Liberal Wearing
Surfaces; Maximum Valve and Port Areas.
Catalogue is illustrated and shows a table of sizes
and capacities. Form 575, also issued by the Ingersoll-Rand
Co., is a 28-page book of instruction
for installing and operating Class "PE" Direct
Connected Electrical Driven Compressors, together
with a duplicate part list.
At the request of a number of customers the
Goodman Manufacturing Co. has decided to open
a repair and supply department in Pittsburgh.
This will be known as the Pittsbuigh Repair and
Supply Department, 700 Phipps Power building.
Mr. E. Kent Davis, manager, Bell 'phone. Court
1139. The electrical repairing done in this shop
will be of the same high grade character as the
company does in its Chicago shop. In its announcement
the company says: "We are now
carrying in Pittsburgh a small stock of Shortwall
Machine parts, and expect, within a short time, to
have a complete stock of parts for this type of
machine."
Leschen's Hercules for March, published by A.
Leschen & Sons Rope Co., St. Louis, Mo., has
among other special articles one descriptive of the
Rutledge & Taylor Coal Co. plant at Livingston,
111., equipped with Leschen Flattened strand mine
hoisting rope.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
COAL
^ 7 srrf?rD-7jT?irr^f^'
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Owing to the fact that many of the fatal accidents
which have recently occurred in and around
Utah coal mines have been the result of the victims
breaking some law of the state or rules of the
mine, Mr. .1. E. Pettit. state coal mine inspector,
has decided to issue bulletins in the future, advising
the various mine officials of the occurrence and
nature of these accidents. The chief object in
view is to point out the many ways in which rules
are broken and the chances miners foolishly take
endangering their lives, for a temporary pecuniary
gain.
FOR SALE
4,000 acres of tested coal property in a body in
Southern Ohio, on rail transportation Apply,
WILLIAM ALTON, JR.. Bigelow Block, Chicago.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TKADE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
Located in the famous Southern
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and
General Map of the Bituminous
of unsurpassed quality and quantity,
with excellent shipping facilities.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
k bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre Haute, lnd.
FOR SALE.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
FOR SALE.
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
We have in stock for immediate delivery, the
following hoisting engines:
4 Pairs of 8" x 10."
4 Pairs of 10" x 12."
4 Pairs of 12" x 16."
Write for prices and description.
THE EXETER MACHINE WORKS,
Pittston, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville R. R., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Madisonville, Ky.
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1009-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
ihe names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVTIXK, PA.

The Ellsworth Collieries Co. and the Lackawanna
Coal & Coke Co. have opened new general
salees offices on the twenty-second floor of the Farmers
Deposit Notional Bank, Pittsburgh. Mr.
W. A. Luce, assistant general manager of both
companies, is in charge of the offices. This new
sales office will market the available Ellsworth
coal for lake shipment this spring through Pickands,
Mather & Co. The coal from the Wehrum
mines of the Ladiawanna Coal & Coke Co. will
be marketed in the rail trade. All selling will be
done through the Pittsburgh office hereafter, instead
of through the offices at Ellsworth, Pa.
The report of the American Railway Association
lor March 1 shows that the decrease in number
of idle cars reported two weeks ago was the result
of temporary conditions. There were 31.3'Jl idle
cars on the first of the month, as compared with
22,183 on February 15 and 37,260 on the 1st. The
greatest increase was in eoal cars, 14.6S4 being reported
idle on March 1 as against 5,047 two weeks
earlier. A year ago the number of idle cars was
44,984. The present showing is better, therefore,
10 the extent of 13,593.
Kelly & Jones' Co. annual banquet will be held
April 10, in the New Fisher House, Greensburg,
Pa. Charles A. Skinner, Edward L. Weightman
and Theodore Thomas comprise the committee in
charge of the banquet arrangements. Kettering's
orchestra will furnish the music and a toastmaster
with bright after-dinner wit at his command has
been chosen. Covers probably will be laid for 150.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS •
XV. R. Woodford, and the old directors. The election
of a commissioner to succeed M. D. Ratchlord,
was postponed until another meeting.
The annual report of Messrs. George Blacker and
W. E. Jones, state mine inspectors of Districts The Jamison Coal & Coke Co. is electrifying all
Nos. 1 and 2, Wyoming, for the year ending Sept. of its mining and coking plants in the Greensburg-
30, 1912, has just been received. It is complete ('onnellsville. Pa., field, substituting electricity for
in every way and shows that progress is being compressed air. Fifteen locomotives, electrical
made in that state in the matter of safety as well machines, dynamos and generators have been pur­
as increased tonnages. In district No. 1 there chased, and nearl\ all of the new equipment has
were 35 fatal accidents, and 120 non-fatal acci­ been installed.
dents, and a total of 5,672 men employed. In the
A suit was filed in the Federal District Court at
second district there were four fatal accidents and
St. Louis, Mo., against the St. Louis Coal Traffic
28 non-fatal accidents, and 2,482 men were em­
Bureau to enjoin it from making railroad rates on
ployed. The mines of this district were equipped
roal carried from the Illinois mines to St. Louis
with 34 electric cutting machines and 54 air
and to dissolve the bureau as a combination in re­
machines. They also made use of 24 electric
straint of trade.
motors and seven air motors. The tonnage figures
for the state are given elsewhere in this issue of Bulletin 45, U. S. Bureau of Mines, is devoted
THE COAI, TRADE BULLETIN.
to "Sand Available for Filling Mine Workings in
the Northern Anthracite Basin of Pennsylvania"
and was prepared by N. H. Darton under the supervision
of Dr. J. A. Holmes, director of the bureau.
Capt. Michael Roach, president of the New River
& Ohio Coal Co., Fairmont, W. Va., has sold the
properties of the company to the Lake Superior
Coal Co., a subsidiary of The Superior Co.. the
largest eoal, iron and pulp producer of Canada.
| HOW TO KEEP IN |
\ TOUCH WITH j
| AFFAIRS. |
3 Mines of information on every subject are at (
I your disposal—Just say the word and we'll J
§ drive an entry for you - - - - - - - - I
USE OUR |
PRESS CLIPPINGS.
; Ours is the only Clipping Bureau in the greate
; Industrial Center of the World. )
) We have two branches— '
5 A LOCAL SERVICE—AND—A GENERAL SERVICE.
r Both are splendid aids to busy men. )
; Ask us for definite information r
) and rates. j
| The Central Press Bureau, [
Coal operators of No. S district of Ohio met in ; 906 & 908 WABASH BUILDING. ;
annual session at Cleveland, O., recently and
among other business transacted re-elected the old
officers: President, C. E. Maurer: vice president.
) T.l.phon. 2154 Court. PITTSBURGH,
< . . .
PA.
>

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE pni/r
FOUNDRY I. II K h
CRUSHED UUIXLl
GENERAL OFFICES: - GREENSBURG, PA. 1
AGME GOAL MINING GOMPANY,
| „_„. .
S MINERS AND SHIPPERS J
S ACME AND AVONDALE S
| HIGH GRADE STEAM GOALS, |
5| MINES, RIMERSBDRG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. s
5 SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R. $
5 C. J. RENWICK, Sales Agent, Prudential Building, BUFFALO, N. Y. 5
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| LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, j
5 LATROBE. PA.
S 5
IJ4 IGH G RflOE ,S TEHM ©*L I
I CONNELLSVILLE e©KE. J
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APOLLO COAL CO.
*j MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF S
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN \
I APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL^
COAL. 1
| ! - AND s !
J GENERAL OFFICES i . . . GREENSBURG, PA. S
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THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
WESTMORELAND COAL CO.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE,
224 South Third Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
COLLIERY OWNERS, MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
THE: STANDARD
WESTMORELAND COAL
MINES LOCATED IN WESTMORELAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA.
This Coal is unexcelled for gas-making, both in illuminating and for producer work.
For brick and terra cotta manufacture, locomotive use, steam threshers, high-pressure
steaming, and in all places where a strong and pure fuel is required, it has no equal.
JAMES a GEEGAN. GENERAL MANAGER F. J. MULLHOLAND. SALES MANASER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL PHONE, 2517 COURT P & A 'PHONE, M 151
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
ANALYSIS :
,„ BEST FOR STEAM AND
FtadC^ST-" Moisture - - --" --' - -"£34 I.JJ DOMESTIC USES
Ash
6 - 17
Su,phur 1-79 Offices: 1315 Park Building, PITTSBURGH.
B. T. U. per pound of Dry Coal, 13544.3
Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, Bell PhoneSi Grant 1822—1823—1824
Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist.

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The eighth biennial report of Mr. J. E. Pettit. The Interstate Commerce Commission has sus
state coa] mine inspector of Utah, covering the pended the rule established recently by the rail
activity ol tbe coal and hydro carbon mines of the road companies, which added $2 to switching
state for the years ending Nov. 30, 1911, and Nov. charges in Detroit. This was in response to a
30, 1!H2, has just appeared. It is a. comprehensive petition by the Detroit Board of Commerce.
document and covers all phases of the trade in the On a rise in the rivers at Pittsburgh, March 1,
state. The production figures appear elsewhere river shipping companies sent 1,400,000 bushels of
in this issue of THE COAL TI:ADE BULLETIN.
coal to southern markets.
V
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mlra: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES;
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND Bl-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
BBNERAL OFFICE
Latrobe, Penna.
\ r
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
„ FAMOI/.S
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C O r\ A V
PENNSYLVANIA.
t

6/>e
r
JDOALTRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, APRIL 1, 1913 No. 9
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PlIDLISnED SBMI-MONTHLT.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THB COAL TRADE COMPANT.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUD, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
COAL TRADE CONDITIONS ARE APPEOACHING THE
HUMMER STAGE rapidly just now, and in conse­
quence there is considerable activity manifested in
all branches in preparation for that period. These
preparations were checked somewhat during the
last week of Maich by Hoods and storms over the
Central competitive Held, but as raiiroads are once
more assuming something like normal conditions
the preparations are going on apace.
Early resumption of lake shipments presaged
by loadings oi vessels during the last fortnight is
an assured fact as the government lights and
buoys have been ordered in commission April 15
and insurance on bottoms becomes effective the
same date. This early opening of lake traffic
with the reports coming from head of lake docks
that stocks are low all indicate that the lake trade
during tiie season of 1913 promises to be a brisk,
one. Coal docks and loading plants at lower lake
ports already are in commission and a consider­
able tonnage is afloat, awaiting the first available
opportunity for forwarding. Producing concerns
with lake connections have been shipping coal for
more than ten days to loading points, although
the floods have hampered them somewhat. Offi­
cials of the companies thus engaged are expressing
themselves as confident of this being a good season
on the lakes.
In the Pittsburgh district everything just now
seems to center on the approaching opening of
navigation on the lakes. Alining companies are
pushing their product, to the loading docks as fast
as possible, although operations are only at about
U5 per cent, of capacity. Mines are being cleaned
up. repairs and improvements are being made.
and all with a view of getting a maximum amount
of coal to storage docks during the present season.
Some of the big shippers have been forwarding
coal destined for head of lakes for more than ten
days. The district was hit rather hard by the
Hoods, as with railroads tied up it was impossible
io make shipments. Mills also being shut down
because of nigh water caused a drop in home con­
sumption for several days, but this is now a thing
of the past. In this distiict, as in i number oi'
others, the question of prices for railway fuel is
under discussion and but little has been done in
the way of closing contracts for this grade of fuel.
Producers have given iuel agents to understand
the latter will be expected to pay a better figure
than was the case last year and this nas been the
means of delay in closing up for tonnage. Demand
for tonnage is good, generally speaking, and in
this respect producers are upheld in their deter­
mination to get more for their coal during the
present year. Prices now are at card rates:
SI.30 to $1.40 for run-ol-mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50
for three-quarter coal; $1.50 to $1.00 for inch and
one-quarter coal, and 00 cents to $1 for slack.
Coke production fell off somewhat for the last
week for which figures are available, but even at
that the weekly production is well above tbe four
hundred thousand ton mark. As but little, if
any of this coke is going into stock, it makes the
outlook one of continued good. Reports are a\
hand of one contract being closed at a reduction
of twenty-five cents per ton, but this seems to
have had but iittle effect on tbe market quotations
or on the list prices now held to by the producers.

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
As a goodly portion of the tonnage produced in
the Connellsville region goes to the Mahoning
valley and other sections where floods have been
prevalent, there has been some delay in shipments
during the past few days. Steel and iron trade
condit'ons continuing good, manufaetu;ers of coke
hold optimistic opinions and prices are held
firmly at $2.50 to $2.75 lor furnace coke and $3.50
to $3.75 for foundry coke.
Tbe main feature of importance in the anthra
cite branch of the trade is the announcement by
the largest of the producing companies that the
summer reduction of fifty cents per ton is effective
Ibis date. Last year there was no reduction of
ibis sort and it was rumored at one time non?
would lie made this year, but the official announce­
ment of a resumption cf summer discount again
makes it a featuie of the trade. Another phase
of the situation that is noticeable is the report
that some of the large; companies have begun
storing coal at their large storage yards in order
to provide a sufficient supply loi next winter. For
years this storage ot surplus tonnage has been a
regular phase ot trade, but last year, because of
the stoppage MIU the consequent effort to catch
up with demand after the mines resumed, pre­
vented any storing of coal. Therefore, the re­
sumption of storage and the announcement of thi
discount may be said to mark the resumption of
the former usual conditions in tlie trade.
* * *
JUDGE EVANS OF A LOCAL COURT HAS .MADE A RUL-
INO that is of interest and importance to the coal
trade, particularly tiie operating end of it. His
ruling to tbe effect that the operator is best quali­
fied to say whether tbe property has been worked
properly, is along a new line, insofar as we are
aware, and opens up a new line ol' argument that
must be considered when disputes over proper
mining are being settled. The decision coming
but a day or two since, it is impossible to say,
at this time, whether the case is to go to a higher
court for further ruling.
• * *
LEGISLATION BEARING ON THE MINING SITUATION
is now before the legislatures of several states,
notably Ohio and Pennsylvania. In the former
state the so-called Green run-of-mine bill is the
one attracting the most attention. In this com­
monwealth a new anthracite code and the mine
cave report are before the members of the two
houses. There is a wile divergence of opinion
en all the proposed measures and hearings are
being held by the committees to ascertain the sen-
liment on the questions involved. Just what wilt
l e done time alone can make certain, but a cur­
sory examination of the measures seem to point.
if they become laws, to a decided increase in the
rost of production.
* * *
Tin: SITUATION IN WEST VIRGINIA HAS CLEARED
up to a considerable extent since the right of the
military was upheld and the state executive
has acted on several of the cases that were be­
fore the military court. The final action, how­
ever, remains to be taken in the approval or dis­
approval of the findings ot the court. In the
meantime officials of the Mine Workers claim a
settlement has been effected with some of the com­
panies involved, only to have it denied. The
officials also have been in conlerence with the gov
ernor and have offered a basis of settlement for the
whole district. While these things were going
on operators in other sections of the state have
announced a nine-hour day for their employes
with pay days twice a month. The trade, as a
ivhole, because of these things, is keeping a wide
open eye on West Virginia.
George of Britain is protesting against Panama
• anal tolls, but his cousin the Kaiser is stealing
a inarch on him by asking for coal storage facilities
along the ditch.
* * *
"Fifty cents per ton reduction for April" in the
anthracite trade has a familiar sound, and it is
like welcoming an old friend to hear it.
* # *
Judge Evans' ruling that the operator is the best
judge of mining is like the sound of water in a
thirsty land.
» * *
Two anthracite codes are before the legislators.
Wonder if they will settle it by a heads or tails
method?
* * *
Now for the summer rush to get coal to the
Northwest.
* * •
This may be Aii-fools day, but the producer isn't
going to be fooled into an unprofitable contract.

MARTIAL LAW CONTINUES IN WEST VIR­
GINIA WHILE REPORTS OF SETTLEMENT
OF DIFFICULTIES ARE FOLLOWED BY
DETAILS.
Reports of a settlement of the difficulties in the
Kanawha strike zone of West Virginia have been
made by the officials of ihe United Mine Workers,
only to be followed by denials on the part of
operating officials.
In the meantime martial law continues in force
and Gov. Hatfield is investigating conditions and
going over the evidence in tbe cases tried by the
military commission.
The situation during the fortnight practically
was:
Gov. Hatfield and officials of the United Mine
Workers met March 15 and discussed, the situation
while the provost marshal gathered witnesses
for the trials before the military commission. The
same day Gov. Hatfield received the findings of
the commission in the cases of "Mother" Jones,
Charles Roswell, John XV. Brown, George F. Parsons
and 45 others charged with murder, conspiracy
and inciting riots.
The commission tried Oscar Petry. charged with
shooting at Dr. J. C. Anderson, a driver, and Ben
Burke, who died while being taken to the Sheltering
Aims hospital, after being wounded in Mucklow
mines. Three people testified that Oscar
Petry, Sesco Estep, killed the following night, and
one other man not apprehended, fired on Anderson
and his party. Petry sought to prove an alibi.
Anderson said he identified Petry as one of the
men who did the shooting.
March lfi fire destroyed the head house at the
head of the long incline of the Black Cat mine,
near Crown Hill, on the Kanawha river, and within
the martial law district. The mine is owned by
the Southwestern Splint Fuel Co. and employed
union labor.
March 17 Joe Workman and Ray Ganoe were arrested
for causing tlie fire and the military commission
disposed of the eases of Felix Terry and
George Amos on charges of
IMPORTING RIFLES
into the martial law district, while Eph. Boggs,
George Amos, Nelson Treadway, Will Shelton,
George Jenkins, John Silver, Joe Neal and Z. B.
Neal were tried on a charge of maltreating a nonunion
miner at Mosey, on Paint Creek.
Gov. Hatfield visited the martial law district
March IS and remained there March 19. On the
latter date President John P. White of the United
Mine Workers held conference with the district
officials at Charleston, and the commission heard
the cases of the men accused of causing the fire
on March 17.
March 20 Gov. Hatfield, who had been reviewing
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
the findings of the military court, ordered the release
of Joe Seketi, Cai. J. Newman, James Pike.
W. H. Patrick, Clyde E. Bowe. Willie Perdue,
Oscar Petry, XV. Lawrence Perry, Edgar Gray an 1
Tip Belcher, who had been acquitted because oi
lack of evidence. The next day 15 more of the
defendants were released for ihe same reason.
among them being Paul J. Paulson and Charles
Batlery, organizers of the United Mine Workers.
In talking id the situation Gov. Hatfield said:
"Having carefully investigated the situation and
considered it from every point of view, I am thoroughly
convinced of the necessity of a continuaance
of military rule in ihe disturbed districts until
the spirit of insurrection, still rampant, shall have
subsided, and it is my purpose lo cause the arrest
of all persons, inside and outside of tlie military
district, who may in any way aid, abet or encourage
resistance to law o:' the continuance of insurrection
or execution of its purposes.
"I am satisfied that in doing this I shall be well
within the limits of the executive power and authority;
at tlie same time I will in this way obtain
further knowledge of the temper, spirit and
purposes of those who are rebellious, for use in the
determination of the question of the wisdom of
resorting to more extreme measures as a necessary
means of restoring the supremacy and due administration
jf the civil laws. In conformity with this
line of policy I have taken up for consideration
and action, first in ordei of time, such of the findings
and recommendations of the military commission
as seem not to be
SUSTAINED DV THE EVIDENCE,
or to call for the exercise of clemency. Alter al!
i ases of that class shail have been disposed of, 1
shall as speedily as possible pass upon tlie findings
that seem to be sustained by the evidence and as
lo which the recommendations seem to be just."
In an opinion handed down late in the afternoon
by the West Virginia supreme court of appeals.
the right of the governoi to declare martial law
and appoint a military commission again was affirmed.
Tbe opinion was rendered in the case of
"Mother" Mary Jones, Charles H. Boswell, Paul J.
Paulson and Charles Bartley, against Governor
Hatfield and members of the military commission
asking for a writ of habeas corpus to compel the
governor and military authorities to turn the pe
titioners over to the civil authorities.
Governor Hatfield also released four prisoners
held by Ihe military authorities, making a total
of 29 released.
March 22 Gov. Hatfield reelased Bert Nutter,
Grady Everett, William Brambridge. Carl Morgan,
George Jenkins, Joe Neal. Charles Lanliam, John
Odell, Joe Prince, Felix Perry, George Amos, Burk
Atkins. Frazier Jarrett, Robert Parrish, Sanford

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Kirk, Emery Sowers, William Price, Boyd Holley,
W. H. Huffman, G. W. McCoy, Harrison Ellis, Steve
Yeager, Leonard Claik and J. D. Deller from custody,
and sent John XV. Brown, Charles H. Boswell,
George F. Parsons, John Seachrist, Cleve
Vickers, Charles Kenny, Thomas Miskell, Edward
B. Vickers and A. D. Lavender to the Mason county
jail to await his further action, and sent Ernest
Craigo to the Kanawha county jail under a similar
recommendation.
Late the same evening President John P. White,
of the United Mine Workers, announced at Philadelphia
that a basis of settlement satisfactory to
the miners had been reached with the representatives
of f hc Paint Creek Collieries Co. Negotiations
looking toward a settlement have been in
progress for some time, Mr. White said, and resulted
in a conference at Philadelphia with T. L
Foster of Scranton. Pa., who is identified with the
Paint Creek Co. At this conference, Mr, White
said, Mr. Foster assured him the company he represented
wanted to reach a settlement, and the
two soon agreed on a basis. Mr. White further
said the company will grant the miners
THE MAIN DEMAND
for which they have been contending—the right to
organize. This, Mi. White said, would carry with
it semi-monthly pay, check weighmen and payment
for a ton of 2,000 pounds.
"In the course of a few days," President White
said, "officials representing both interests will meet
and formulate the details and thus terminate the
long-drawn-out strike."
Following this announcement on March 23 International
Executive Board Member Thomas Haggerty
of the United Mine Workers, said:
"President of the United Mine Workers of Amer
ica John P. White will reach the city at noon Tuesday,
coming from Washington, and at three o'clock
on Tuesday afternoon he will have a conference
with Governor Hatfield, at which conference President
White will submit to the governor a concrete
proposition looking to a settlement of the entire
mining trouble. Until such proposition has
reached the hands of the governor it will be impossible
to disclose its nature."
On top of these announcements on March 23
came this denial:
"Relative to the current rumor that the Paini
Creek Collieries Co. has signed up the United Mine
Workers of America, I wish to say that the statement
is entiiely unfounded, although it appears
over the signature of Thomas Haggerty. While
it is true that (here have been negotiations at different
times in the past year, it is also true that.
nothing has ever developed and tbe public can
rest assured that nothing will develop until the
president returns."
(Signed) PAINT CREEK COLLIERIES Co.,
By James H. Pierce.
This was followed by another one as follows:
To whom it may concern:
The organization of the United Mine Workers,
in addition to their campaign of lawlessness, are
still engaged in the policy of misrepresentation to
deceive the miners and the public. In the Sunday
papers of this city, and elsewhere in the state,
tbe organization pretend that it is about to settle
what it calls the strike in the Paint Creek and
Cabin Creek fields. The statement in this morning
Citizen that XV. J. Bryan, Theodore Roosevelt
and others wil! take part in an educational campaign
to be made in West Virginia is simply trash.
Let every citizen of West Virginia who wants to
be educated on this subject, read the report of the
.Mine Investigation Commission, appointed by Governor
Glasscock, and weigh carefully the following
parts thereof:
"We find that the operators in this state are
within their rights in declining to recognize a
union wdiich would place them in
A HELPLESS MINORITY
when joined to those of the four competitive
states; and by the operation of the freight
differential of nineteen cents per ton to the lakes
and other points would, all other conditions being
equal, render them absolutely unable to find a
profitable market lor the ninety per cent, of their
total output."
"The average wage on Paint and Cabin Creek
l non-union) is fully equal to if net greater than
that of the miners in the very limited number of
unionized plants in this state on the opposite bank
of the Kanawha river."
The commission also said:
"We recommend some form of legislation as
closely analogous to the Canadian industrial disputes
act o: 1907 as our form of government will
permit."
This recommendation has our support, but Mr
John P. White, the president of the United Mine
Workers, stated to ihe commission that he was
opposed to it.
No settlement has been or will be made by the
operators on Paint and Cabin Creeks with the United
Mine Workers, and no threat to extend lawlessness
in other regions of the state will affect the
situation. We do not intend that our business
shall be delivered into the hands of our competitors:
and in the end the miners as well as the
public will see that tlie greatest blow which could
be dealt to tbe growth and prosperity of West
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 57)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
PROPOSED ANTHRACITE MINING CODE NOW BEFORE THE
PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATURE
Senator Catlin, chairman of the anthracite mine
code commission of Pennsylvania, March IS presented
in the Senate the respective codes of the
majority and minority members of the body. Accompanying
the code of the majority was a detailed
report of the work of the commission.
In connection ,vitb the majority report of the
commission the following explanatory statement
was given out at the Department of Mines. This
report, in part, follows:
"There being an urgent demand and a well recognized
necessity for the amendment ot the Anthracite
Mine Laws of the Commonwealth, the legisla
ture of 1911 authorized the governor to appoint n
commission to revise and codify the present anthracite
laws.
"After the commission had held a few meetings
it was decided that the work might be expedited
by the appointment of a sub-committee to prepare
the various articles of tbe code for tbe consideration
of the whole commission. Tbe chairman
named the chief of the Department of Mines as
chairman of the sub-committee, Mr. O'Donnell as
representative of the miners, and Mr. Owens as
representative of the operators.
"The sub-committee met and each member was
asked to prepare certain articles, which was done.
It was soon found that neither Mr. O'Donnell nor
Mr. Owens had time to devote to this work and the
chief of the Department of Mines undertook to prepare
the artie'es.
"As the main object in mining legislation is the
safety of the employes, this point was kept in mind
in the preparation of article 3, providing for the
duties of tbe owner, operator and superintendent.
This article shows clearly what is demanded of
these persons and makes the operator responsible
for any neglect on the part of anv mine officials.
Section 3 reads as follows:
"'Tho superintendent ancl tbe mine foreman
shall employ a sufficient number of assistant mine
foremen, and if the mine is
LIBERATING EXPLOSIVE
gas in sufficient quantities to be detected by an
approved safety lamp, they shall also employ a
sufficient number of fire bosses so that the assistant
foreman and fire bosses can comply witli th°
provisions of ibis act as hereinafter provided.'
"Article 4 provides that the operator or superintendent
of every mine shall provide maps made
by competent engineers. This article covers the
ground thoroughly.
"Article 5 provides for the examination of mine
foremen, assistant liiinc- foremen and fire bosses
in almost identically tbe same manner as in the
article in tbe Bituminous code passed in 1911. I:
ibis article becomes a part of tbe Anthracite lav.
il will guarantee more efficient foremen, assistant
foremen and fire bosses. Section 5 of this article
reads as follows:
" 'The members of said boards shall select a'.
such meeting a committee of six of their number,
comprising two inspectors, two miners and two
superintendents, v.hi. shall meet in the city ct
Harrisburg on tbe third Tuesday in April to formulate
a code of questions to be used at the next
succeeding examination. This committee shall
sele< t one of their members a chairman and one as
secretary. The uestions prepared by tbe said
committee shall lie printed under the personal direction
of the chairman and sent bv him, by registered
mail in scaled packages, each package conlaining
a set of questions for each session, to the
chairman of each board of examiners, who shall
break tbe scat and open the package at the commencement
of each session in the presence of the
applicant? and the other members of the board.'
Article (i provides for the duties of mine foremen
and assistant mine foremen. This article also follows
closely tne article in tlie Bituminous code,
which has had a good effect in the mines. Section
1 reads as follows:
" 'Every working p'ac•• shall be examined at leas;
once a day and whenever the mine foreman cannot
personally comply with this provision he shall
have the right to employ a sufficient number of assistants
to make such examinations wherever practicable
during working bonis. He shall give
special care and attention to miners engaged in removing
pillars.'
"Article 7 covers the duties of fire bosses more
thoroughly than they were ever covered before.
Part of section 1 reads as follows
'"It shall be tbe duty of tlie fire boss to examine
carefully every morning before the men
enter tbe mine, every working place, all places adjacent
to live workings, every roadway and every
unfenced road to abandoned
WORKING VXD FALLS,
but before entering ihe mine be shall satisfy himself
that tlie ventilating apparatus is running at
llie speed designated by tbe mine foreman, and
before proceeding with the examination he shall
see that the ail current is traveling in its proper
course.'
"Article S covers the duties of outside foreman

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
more thoroughly than they were ever covered be­
fore. Sections 3 and 8 read as follows:
" 'He shall see that all dangerous machinery is
properly protected and especially in breakers, such
as engines, rolls, wheels, screens, shafting and
belting, and sides of stairs, trestles and plank
walks shall be provided with hand 01 guard rail­
ings for protection; but this section shall not for­
bid the temporary removal of a fence, guard rail
or covering for the purpose of repairs, if proper
precaution is taken, but which shall be replaced
immediately thereafter.'
''The outside foreman, where coal dust in a
breaker is injurious to tlie health of the persons
employed therein, shall immediately adopt mea­
sures for the removal ol tbe same as far as practi­
cable, and see that the breaker is heated by steam
or hot water md kept at a temperature so as to
preserve the health of the persons employed
therein.'
"Article 9 covers the duties of Mine Inspectors'
Examining Boards and follows closely the provi­
sions in the Bituminous code, which are much
better ancl fuller than tbe provisions of the Anthra­
cite law of 1891. It provides a more systematic
and more comprehensive examination for inspect­
ors and if it becomes a law no person who is not
thoroughly qualified can pass the examination.
"Article 10 covers pait of the duties of inspect­
ors. It should be understood that the chief duty
of the inspector is to see that all the provisions
of the law are carried out.
"Articles 11 and 12 provide for tlie discretionary
powers of inspectors and for tlie neglect or mal­
feasance of inspectors.
"Article "13 covers inspection districts. This is
entirely new and is about the same as that in the
Bituminous code. Section 1 reads as follows:
" 'Under this act the Anthracite region of the
Commonwealth shall be arranged by the chief of
the Department of Mines into twenty-five (251
inspection districts and it shall be the duty of the
chief io assign the inspectors to their respective
districts. He shall also
DESIGNATE THEIR PLACES
of abode, at points convenient to the mines under
their charge.'
"Article 14 covers tbe important question of
ventilation thoroughly. Section 2 reads as follows:
" 'The ventilation shall be conducted to and along
the face of every working place in the mine, in
sufficient quantities to dilute, render harmless and
carry away smoke and noxious and dangerous
gases, to such an extent that all the working place?
and roadways shall lie kept continually in a health­
ful and safe condition for the employes who work
and travel therein.'
"Article 15 covers signaling apparatus, hoisting
machinery, ropes and safety catches. This ar­
ticle covers many points not covered before, and
is also in line witli tiie Bituminous code of 1911.
"Article 10 provides lor safety lamps and open
lights. It is a new article, but it was needed to
make a complete Anthracite law.
"Article 17, shafts, slopes, openings and outlets,
follows tbe Anthracite law of 1891, with some new
provisions, such as 'the passageways between two
shafts or slopes shall at all times be maintained
in a sate and available condition for employes to
travel therein, ancl the pillars between said shafts
or said slopes shall not be removed without the
consent of the inspector, given in writing to the
mine foreman, provided, that where breakers are
now erected over shaft?, fire doors to be approved
by the chief of the Department of Mines, shall be
installed in the same so as to prevent the passage
of smoke or fire from said structure into the mine.
law.
"Article IS, sinking of shafts. Same as the old
"Article 19, opening for drainage. Same as the
old law.
"Article 20, boundary pillars, is a new article,
competing land owners ancl operators to leave a
sufficient pillar to withstand
PRESSURE OF WATER
between properties. Also directing" when such
pillars can be removed, and providing to treble the
value of any coal that is removed irom any such
pillars.
"Article 21, Use of electricity. This article is
modeled after the New South Wales act as modi­
fied by the American Congress of Mining Engi­
neers, and inserted in the Bituminous code of 1911.
It has been changed somewhat to meet the Anthra­
cite conditions. It is very lengthy, but very com­
plete. If this article is lived up to by the opera­
tors, not many lives will lie lost through electricity.
Under a similar article tbe accidents from elec-
tricity in the Bituminous region were reduced from
39 lives lost in 191] ;o 19 in 1912.
"Article 22. Inspection by or in behalf of em­
ployes This is an entirely new article inserted
especially to give the employes a chance or oppor­
tunity to make an inspection of any place in the
mine when an accident has occurred, giving them
the right to have an attorney or an electrical en­
gineer accompany them. Section 2 provides that
'Every facility shall be afforded by the mine fore­
man and all persons employed for the purpose of
the inspection.'
"Article 23, Miners' Examining Boards. Is the
same as the law of 1S97, which, in my opinion, is
entirely wrong in its provisions.
"Article 2-1, Duties of miner. This is a new
article, but some of the points were covered in the
(CONTINUED OX PAGE 56)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
COAL TONNAGE OF OHIO FOR THE YEAR 1912
The coal tonnage in the state for the year 1912
showed a marked increase as compared with the.
year 1911, the total tonnage amounting to 34,444,-
291 tons, an increase of 4,102,252 tons, or 13.5 per
cent. This was the greatest tonnage ever reported
during the history of the mining department.
However, the year 1910 amounted to 34,-
424,951 tons, and showed an increase of over 6-
500,000 tons. The tonnage for the year would
have been much greater had there not been a
severe car shortage during the latter part of the
year.
Total production of the state for the year 1912
was 34,444,291 tons, of which 3,769,536 tons was
mined by pick ancl 30,674,755 tons w-as mined by
the use of machinery. The gain in tonnage over
that of 1911 was 13.5 per cent. The gain in per cent.
of machine coal over 1911 was 14 per cent, and
gain in per cent, of pick coal was 8.7 per cent.
The total per cent, of machine mined coal in the
state was 89.1 per cent. The total per cent, of
pick mined coal for 1912, was 10.9 per cent.
The counties showing the greatest production of
pick and machine mined coal for the year are a?
follows: Belmont county, 9,316,850 tons, an increase
of 1,276.517 tons; Athens county, 4,886,476
tons, a gain of 353,881 tons; Jefferson county, 4,-
641,908 tons, a gain of 320,079 tons; Guernsey
county, 4,333,963 tons, a gain of 432,434 tons;
Hocking county, 2,046,175 tons, a gain of 498,336
tons; Harrison county, 750,831 tons, a gain of
275,917 tons; Perry county, 2,164,130 tons, a gain
of 142,536 tons, and Tuscarawas county, 1,311,301
tons, a gain ef 641,050 tons. The total gains
amounted to 4,501,838 tons and the entire losses
399,586 tons.
Columbiana county shows a loss cf 185,161 tons;
Coshocton county, 82,070, Portage 31,787 tons:
Stark county, 25,037 tons, and Vinton countv,
29,902 tons.
The production in the Hocking Valley district
lor the year amounted lo 9,096,781 tons, an increase
of 994.753 tons; the Eastern Ohio (No. 8
vein) totaled 14,709,589 tons, a gain of 1,870,513
tons, as compared with 5911.
The total number of persons employed for the
year 1912, was 47,234 persons, a loss of 1,270 persons.
Of this number 7,841 persons were employed
in the pick mines, and 39,393 were employed
in machine mining.
The pick mines reported 5,879 pick miners. 1,157
inside day men and 805 outside day men.
The machine mines reported 3,470 machine run-
*Advance figures from Annual Report of Chief of the Department
of Mines Davis.
tiers, 25,184 loaders, drillers and shooters; inside
day men, 6,938 men, and outside day men, 3,801.
The average time woiked in the pick mines of
the state for the year was 173 days; for tbe machine
runners in machine mines was f98 days;
for the drillers, shooters and loaders in machine
mines for the year was 199 days.
The average number of tons of lump coal mined
in pick mines for the yeai was 435 tons, and per
clay 2.5 tons. Number of pick miners employed
5,879 men, and average time worked 173 days.
The average tons of lump coal mined by machine
runners for 'he year was 6,151 tons, and
per day 31.1 tons; the average time worked by
machine runners was 198 days, and num) er of
machine runners employed was 3,470.
The average tons lump coal mined by drillers.
loaders and shooters for the year was 847 tons,
and per day 4 3 tons. Average days worked by
the drillers, etc., was 199. Number of drillers,
etc., employed, 25.181.
The average tens mined run-of-mine in pick
mines for the year was 641 tons, and per day 3.7
tons.
The average tons run-of-mine produced by the
machine runners for the year was 8,840 tons, and
per day 44.6 tons. For the drillers, shooters and
loaders, average tons run-of-mine for the year was
1,218 tons, and per day 6.1 tons.
The number of fatal accidents foi the year increased
from 109 to 136, or 25 per cent. The
number of tons mined to tbe life lost was 253,266
tons, wdiereas in 1911, 278,367 tons. The number
of persons employed for each life lost was 347:
the number of deaths per thousand employed 2.9
per cent.
Belmont reported 37 fatal accidents; Jefferson
county, 26; Guernsey county, 17, and Athens
county, 15.
'TABLE SHOWING THE TOTAL TONNAGE OF 1911 AND
1912, AND GAINS AND LOSSES.
County. 1911. 1912. Gain. Loss.
Athens 4,532,595 4,886,476 353,881
Belmont ....8,040,333 9,316,850 1,276,517
Carroll 269,687 310.018 40,331
Columbiana. 668,039 482,878 185,161
Coshocton . . 438,369 356.299 82,070
Gallia 17.114 27,523 10,409
Guernsey ...3,901,529 1,333,963 432,434
Harrison .... 476,914 750,831 273.917
Hocking .... 1.547, S39 2.046,175 498,336
Holmes 11,242 11,059 183
Jackson 673,663 783,334 109,671
Jefferson ... 4.321.829 4.641,908 320,079

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Lawrence . ..
.Mahoning . ..
Medina
-Meigs
-Monroe
Morgan
Muskingum..
Noble
Perry
Portage
Scioto
Stark
Summit ....
Trumbull . . .
Tuscarawas. .
Vinton
Washington..
Wavne
84,567
64,276
16.942
53. ,S4ll
175,l,9'.l
410,777
480,524
2,021,594
115.080
5,599
442,860
S.5,711
3.496
670,251
129,9S6
355
202,329
S8.104 3,537
47,511 16,765
10,395 6,547
635,940 103,100
L80 180
1 9i;, 622 20.923
522.19S 111,421
641,677 161,153
2,164,130 142.536
S3,292 31,787
7,794 J.r.iS
117.823 25,037
82.032 3.679
2.9S9 507
1.311.301 641,050
100,084 29,902
523 16S
1S4.3S1 17,948
Total 30.342 039 34,444,291 4.501.S3S 399.5S6
Gain in tonnage of
1911
1912 over the year
4,102.252 tons, or IS .5 per cent.
TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER 1 •1- IONS I
MAi MINE MINK > OAL FOR THE YEAR 1912.
Name of County. Pick.
Athens 131.118
Belmont !S5,49(,
Carroll 62,724
Columbiana 235.079
Coshocton 290,806
Gallia 27,523
Guernsey 34,622
Harrison 37.119
Hocking 160,834
Holmes 11.059
Jackson 46S.164
Jefferson 216,939
Lawrence 86,243
Mahoning 33.739
Medina 10.395
Meigs 61,736
Monroe IS"
Morgan 583
Muskingum 236,149
Noble 15,006
Perry 162.590
Portage 40,265
Scioto 7.791
Stark 362.771
Summit 24.281
Trumbull 2,989
Tuscarawas 732,926
Vinton 28,520
Washington 523
Wayne 101,360
Machine.
4,755.358
9,131,35-1
247,294
247,79!!
65.493
4,299,341
713.712
1,885.341
315,170
t. 424,969
1,861
13.772
574,204
196.039
2S6.049
626.671
.001.54(1
43,028
55,052
57.748
57S.375
71,564
83,021
1" I'll K A Nil
Total.
4.SS6.476
9.316,850
310,018
4S2.S7S
356,299
27.523
4.333.963
750. S31
2.046.175
11,059
783,334
4.641,90S
88,104
47.511
10.395
635,940
ISO
196.622
522,198
641.677
2.164.130
S3.293
7.791
-117.S23
S2.032
2,989
1,311,301
100,084
523
184,381
Totals 3.769,536 30.674.755 34,444,291
COAL PRODUCTION OF ALABAMA
BY COUNTIES FOR 1912.
The coal production of Alabama for 1912. by
counties, as shown by the report of Chief Mine
Inspector C. H. Nesbitt, was:
County. 1912. 1911. Increase
Jefferson S.3S2.S72 7.964/958 417.911
Bibb 1.S02.114 1,653,094 149,020
Blount 144,672 S9.S16 54,256
Cullman 72,956 S4.695 *11,739
Dekalb 600 630 *30
Etowah 212.43S 196,267 16.171
Jackson 2,000 6,000 *4,000
.Marion 57.172 50.31U 6.S62
Shelby 502.933 477,494 25.439
St. Clair 852,407 581,220 271.1S7
Tuscaloosa 935,693 1.034.123 *9S,430
Walker 3,521,248 2,853,831 667.417
Winston 26.535 19,415 7,120
Grand totals
•Decrease.
16,513.040 15,011.853 1,501,187
MARYLAND'S COAL OUTPUT SHOWS
DECREASE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR.
The report of State Mining Inspector John H
Donahue for tne fiscal year ended May 1, 1912,
just issued, shows 4,166,736 long tons were mined
in Allegany and Garrett counties. The produc­
tion in Garrett county was 724,169 tons. 656 per­
sons being employed in and about the mines in
that county, and 4.820 in Allegany county. The
production showed a falling off of 4S6.792 ton?
compared with the previous fiscal year. Since
last May. however, the mines have been busier ancl
the production has shown a marked increase.
There were 13S accidents. 14 of which were fatal.
lo in Allegany county and four in Garrett county.
Commenting on accidents Inspector Donahue said
the greatest number occur at the working face.
He savs:
"In my last report I recommended that a more
stringent and systematic inspection be made at the
working face by the mine foremen for the purpose
of reducing tiie number of accidents. My re­
quest was complied with by the foremen ancl I
find the number of fatal accidents has been re­
duced, yet. there are a few foremen who allow
tilings to go on in the same old way and who
have no regard for the health and safety of the
men under their charge."
With this report Donahue closed his duties of
mine inspector, having been succeeded by William
Walters, of Midland.
Insurance on steamships ancl other craft on the
Great Lakes starts April 15.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
COALING PLANTS AT PANAMA CANAL*
Speed in handling coal with the least possible
amount, of breakage is the main requirement of
the coaling plants to be established at the Atlantic
and Pacific entrances to the Panama Canal, at
Cristobal and Balboa, respectively. Specifications
for the machinery of the two plants have been completed
and advertisement will shortly be made for
bids.
It is planned to have a coal-storage basin at
Cristobal with a. capacity of 290,000 tons, and one
at Balboa with a capacity of 160,000 tons. In
each place the storage will be within a large basin
made of reinforced concrete, in which approximately
half of the coal will be stored under water
for use in time of war, and the other half above
water to be added to and taken from continually
for the ordinary uses of commercial and govern
ment vessels. It is also planned, if the policy
should be approved, to be able to lease parts ol
the storage basin to such private coaling companies
as may wish to maintain their own coal stores
on the Isthmus; but in such cases ali of the handling
will be done by the government plant, a suitable
charge being made for the service.
The specifications are not hard and fast, but
merely establish certain general methods and
standards, leaving it to manufacturers to devise
suitable machines. One of the limiting conditions
is that the government shall build the sub
structive or storage bin ancl place upon the walls
such tracks as cranes and other movable machines
may require. This substructure will cost more
than the coal handling plant. The details will
not be decided upon until the bids for the handling
plant have been canvassed, because each plan wiil
require its own special substructure, and one of
the points considered in awarding the contract
will be the cost of the substructure required under
each plan.
In general, however the specifications call for
cranes that will unload coal from ships; a conveying
system that will transfer it to bridges that
will span the storage basin and dump it at any
place desired: ancl such a
SYSTEM HE BUCKETS OPERATING
upon these bridges as will make it possible
to lift coal from the storage basin, and by means
of conveyors raise it to loading machines that wiil
dump it into colliers or lighters. The Cristobal
plant must he capable of unloading 1,000 tons and
loading 2,000 tons of coal each hour, and the Balboa
plant 500 and 1.000 tons.
In tho ordinary operations of each of the plants,
^Announcement made by Isthmian Commission.
vessels requiring bunker coal will not go alongside
the wharves ol the plants to receive such coal,
but will be coaled while lying in the stream from
barges laid alongside, these barges having been
loaded by means of the reioaders forming part oi
the specified handling machinery for each plant.
The plants are to be capable, however, of rapidh
loading colliers laid alongside the wharves by
means of the reioaders mentioned, the high capacities
specified for outward-bound eoal being fixed
with a view to requiring colliers to remain at the
plants for the shortest time practicable.
The coaling plant at the Atlantic entrance will
lie situated on the north end of the island formed
by the old French canal, the American canal, and
the Mindi river. It will be reached from th_mainland
by means of a bridge to be built by the
Panama Railroad over the French canal south ol'
Ihe dry-dock shop.?. Tbe storage basin will be
opposite Dock No. 13 at Mount Hope, ancl it will
lie 1,000 feet long and 250 leet wide. Tbe liottom
of tbe basin will be 19 feel below mean tide, and
the elevation of (he decks of the wharves 10 feet
above mean tide. There will be 41 feet depth of
water alongside the wharves. The wharves will
be founded upon steel cylinders filled with reinforced
concrete resting upon bard rock. The
maximum tidal oscillation in Limon Bay is 2.65
feet.
For this type of storage basin, at least two layouts
ot coaling plant are feasible; the first being
that in which the loading and
UNLOADING W1IARV ES
occupy opposite sides of the basin parallel with
one another with the coal piles between them, and
the second that in which the unloading wharf will
be at right angles to the loading wharf. The
normal capacity will be 240.0(10 tons, capable of
increase to 290,000 tons by piling coal io 10 feet
additional height.
The coaling plant at the Pacific entrance wil!
be on the quay wall south of the entrance to the
large dry dock. The size of the basin will be
500 feet long and 250 feet wide for one design of
plant, and the same length and 340 feet wide for a
second design. Ihe extreme tidal difference here
is 21.8 feet. As al the Atlantic entrance, the
loading wharf will be founded upon concrete cylinders
resting upon hard rock; the unloading
wharf will be gravity section concrete wall resting
on rock. The normal capacity of the Balboa plan;
will be 135,000 tons, capable of increase to 160,000
tons, by piling coal 10 feet above normal height.
The layout is somewnat different from that at

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the Atlantic entrance although the method 01
handling the coal will be similar. The unloading
wharf will be situated at the outer end of the dry-,
dock slip, while the line of the loading wharf
makes an angle of about 45 degrees with that of
the unloading wharf, running out toward tin canal
prism lrom the end ol the unloading wharf.
In the first plat a basin 500 feet long and 250
feel wide is provided foi, with bottom at is fee;
below mean tide and lop of whaif at (6','j fee;
above mean tide. The capacity of this plant must
not be less than 500 ions ol coal an hour to be
unloaded anil 1,000 ions pei hour to be loaded
aboard colliers or barges. Two unloaders will be
required with conveyors, and two single stocking
reclaiming bridges. Two reioaders will also be
required. The operation of this plant is essen­
tially the same as that for the Atlantic entrance.
An alternate plan for the Balboa plant provides
for the same location of the wharves, out for a
basin 500 feet long and 340 feet wide. The un­
loaders are the same as in other plans, but instead
of dumping into conveyors they will disi barge by
means of the- cantilever end directly into the
basin, and large eanlilevei cranes will then pick
up the coal and deposit it at any desired point in
the storage basin. For reclaiming, these same
cranes will pick up the coal and trolley il into
Iheir lowers, where it will be
DUMPED 1 N'lo i u;s
in- oilier conveyors, whence it will be carried away
from the basin, along tbe front of the 1 reloading
wharf to the reioaders.
Tbe purpose of this second plan is to make use
of four barm cranes now used in Ihe placing of
concrete at Mirallores Locks and thus save the ex­
pense of the- stocking and reclaiming bridge.-,.
Whether they will be us.'d depends upon the cost
and general desirability of this plant compared
with one having entiiely new handling machinery.
Tbe following paragraphs icier particularly to
the Cristobal plant, but with certain modifications,
as indicated above, apply aiso to ihe Balboa plain.
The unloading operation will consist of taking
coal from a colliery and depositing it any desired
place in the bin or basin. For this purpose un­
loading towers, a conveying system that will carry
the coal lengthwise of the storage bin along the
wharf, bridges spanning the basin, and a convey­
ing system upon these bridges, which wdll take
the coal fiom the first conveyors and dump it
wherever required, aie specified.
Four unloading towers of not less than 250 tons
capacity per hour each, making a total capacity af
1.00(- tons an hour, fonn the first unit of the un­
loading system. These towers must be capable
of mining coal from a vessel and depositing it into
a hopper built within (be tower, whence j( may be
delivered by chutes to tlie conveying system, or to
Pannma Railroad tars running on a track beneath
the tower; or of depositing it by the bucket or
.hovel into the storage pile behind the tower; and
nt mining coal from storage pile behind the tower
and depositing it m the hopper in the tower.
Each tower will travel on two parallel pairs of
rails between which, at the level of the wharf
deck, there shall run a railroad track so located
thai cars maj be run beneath (he unloading tower
ami receive coal fiom ns hopper. The speed of
travel in either direction must be not less than
50 feet per minute against a wind pressure of 19
pound? per square foot. The
IRA' K TRAVEL
must be by motors or engines within each tower,
ancl cable drive will not be acceptable.
The bucket or ?nove! bj means of which the
lower will mine coal from the colliers wdll have a
capacity of 100 cubic feet, liquid full. Larger
bucket? may be offered, however, provided small
buckets are also supplied and a rapid means of
making the change fiom one to the other is pro­
vided.
Each tower wili be fitted with a lilting or fold­
ing boom on the water side and with a cantilever
on the storage basin side. The cantilever may
be movable if necessary to permit the passage ol
the reclaiming bridges. In any case the track
for the trolley of ihe bucket shall be horizontal
and continuous, between the extreme ends of boom
and cantilever, when both are in a horizontal posi­
tion, and the passage of the trolley over the hinge
joints shall he made easily and without shock
Suitable buffers will be fitted at each end of the
trolley runway. The distances through which the
trolley or bucket wili be capable of operation are
a? follows: Maximum height above wharf level,
Balboa ancl Cristobal, 60 feet; maximum depth for
reclaiming coal from ships below wharf level,
Cristobal, 30 feet; Balboa, 15 feet; maximum horizontal
travel of bucket on water side beyond cen-
le-r line of tower legs next to water Ciistobal and
Balboa, 60 feel; maximum horizontal travel if
bucket on land side, beyond nearest wall of coal
basin. Cristobal ancl Balboa. 35 feet; maximum
depth below wharf level for reclaiming eoal from
storage on land side at Cristobal, 29 feet; maxi­
mum depth hi low wharf level for reclaiming coai
from storage' on land side- at Balboa. 34'o feet.
In addition to these operations the towerh will
be able to dredge the bottom of the slip in front
of the unloading wharf 51 feet oelow wharf level
at Cristobal and OIL. feet at Balboa.
In addition to these operations the towers will
have a capacity of not less than 50 tons of coal.
The boom on the water side will lift or fold by

movement in a vertical plane in such fashion that
w hen fully housed no part of
Ii WILL PROJECT
more than 4 feet beyond the concrete face of the
wharf nor descend lower than the top of tbe hop­
per.
The conveying system must provide for the
transfer of coal from the unloading towers along
the wharf to any point at which the bridges may
be spanning the bin, and the transfer along the
bridges (o an\ point desired, where it may be
tripped into the storage basin. It must have a
sufficient capacity to handle the maximum amount
of coal delivered by the unloading towers. It
may consist of either cars or trains propelled by
electricity or cable, belts or continuous conveyors
of similar construction, or any other approved,
tried out, and guaranteed means of doing the
work, due regard being had to the basic require­
ment that breakage of coal in handling must be
ieduced to a minimum.
At the Christobal plant the conveying system
must be capable of performing any one of eight
specified operations, so as to facilitate in general
the processes of unloading coal from one or two
vessels simultaneously ancl conveying it either to
the storage pile, the reioaders. or the wharf bunk­
ers, or of conveying coal from the storage pile it­
self to the reioaders, and in such manner that
these various operations shall interfere with each
other as little as possible. At the Balboa plant
the requirements are similar but are necessarily
modified by reason of the smaller size of that
plant and the use of the berm cranes relerred to.
Two duplex or four single bridges are required
in the proposed plan for the Cristobal plant. The
former are fitted w ith two shovels or buckets, and
the latter only one each. These bridges will span
the coal storage basin over the coal piles and move
along the walls longitudinally of the basin, so that
they can cover any point in the basin. Upon them
will be mounted the conveyors, that
WILL CARRY I OAI.
from the conveyors upon the walls to any point de­
sired within the basin; and the shovels or buckets
that will mine coal from the basin and carry it to
the conveyors, wlrich will transfer it to the wharf
bunker and to tbe machines for loading it upon
colliers or barges.
The reioaders will be machines moving longitu­
dinally along the wharf at which colliers and
barges will tie up to receive coal. They will
move by their own power, but not bv cable. They
will receive coal from the conveying system and
deliver it to the vessels, and. to this end, will be
fitted with the following essential parts: (al A
hopper or hoppers for the reception of coal from
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
the conveying system of sufficient size to regulate
the flow ot coal; lb) a conveying system to trans-
fer coal to the discharging end of the reloader;
and (e) an adjustable arm or boom equipped with
a telescope chute to deliver coal with a minimum
of breakage. This boom will house in sufficiently
IO lie entirely behind the plane of the front wall
of the wharf when the reloader is not in ise. in
order that the reloader may be moved past shrouds.
upperworks, etc.. of vessels lying at the reloading
wharf. The extreme conditions of discharge that
must be met by each reloader cover such matters
as size of cargo holds ancl hatches in vessels, dis­
tance of vessels from wharf, distance of deck of
vessel above or below deck of wharf, etc. The
reloader must also be able to adjust itself to vari­
ous minor conditions peculiar to each vessel.
ALABAMA CONSOLIDATED PRO­
PERTIES WORTH ABOUT $5,000,000.
The valuation of plants, property, cash and equip­
ment of Ihe bankrupt Alabama Consolidated Coal
& Iron Co. vvas estimated at $4,779,496.13 in a re­
port made March 10 at Birmingham, Ala., in the
court of Referee in Bankruptcy Edmund H. Dryer.
by the three appraisers recently appointed by (he
referee, W. S. Lovell, H. A. Turner and P. G. Ault.
The report shows:
Coal mines, property mines, rail­
roads and equipment at Lewisburg.$ 930.('00.00
Same at Brookwood and Searles 1.250.900.00
Red ore property, mines and equip­
ment at Attalla Etowah 400,000.00
Same at Gate City 7O0.cO0 .00
Brown ore property in Polk e ounty, Ga. 32,000.00
Two blast furnaces in Gadsden, com­
plete 650.000.(10
Two blast furnaces ancl ore mines at
Ironaton 250,000.0b
Lime quarry at Reck Springs, Ala. . . . 75,000.00
Miscellaneous farm iands, etc 110,000.00
Free assets as per schedule 352,496.13
Total $4,779,496.13
Indiana Shot Firers Bill Killed.
The Indiana Senate killed off the shot-firer's
bill which had passed the House almost without
opposition. Operating concerns paid no atten­
tion to the bill in the House. In th«' Senate they
bad very little difficulty convincing the members
that the bill was unfair and that a majority of the
miners themselves did not care for it. The legis­
lature, which ha? adjourned, did not enact any
legislation seriously affecting the coal industry.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CONSOLIDATION COAL COMPANY'S REPORT
SHOWS YEAR TO HAVE BEEN SPLENDID
ONE.
The annual report of the Consolidation Coal Co.
submitted to the stockholders at their annual
meeting in Baltimore March 19, showed that the
company earned sligbtlj more than 10 per cent.
on the full $25.0(hi.oiio capital stock, only $21,000,-
000 of which participated in dividends for the 12
months ended December 31 last.
After all deductions, including i> per cent, divi­
dend on the stock and aggregating $1,358,865, tbe
balance for profit and loss was $1,144,492.
Not only did tonnage increase substantially, but
prices realized (or tbe product were more satis­
factory than in any other year since 1907. Tbe
net production of coal was 10.317,100. an increase
compared with the preceding year of 1.127.369.
Referring to the development of tbe company's
100,000-acre trait of coal land in the Elkhorn
field of Kentucky, President Jere H. Wheelwright
said in bis annual report:
"It is gratifying to state that tbe Louisville &
Nashville Railroad Co. ha? ordered land car? are
being delivered) 3,000 all-steel cars to take car. 1
if output. Tiie Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co..
for the Sanely Valley & Elkhorn railwaj lias bad
built and delivered to that road 2,000 all-steel
cars, and we understand lot? an Older for an additional
1.00(1 all-steel cars in process of being
placed.
"Considering that the construction of neither
railroad was commenced until April, 1911, and
ihe fact their construction and equipment expendi­
tures made and to be made are estimated at $40,-
000.000, phow? very conclusively their desire to
reach this field as quickly as possible ancl tie
value placed by (hem upon the traffic originating
therefrom.
"With the ideal location of the fielei for the
large middle-west consumers and (he perfect trans
|jor(a(ion facilities as stated, il is the belief of the
management that the production this year from
this field will be at least 1,750,000 ton?.
"During the coming year miners' houses anil
other necessary buildings will be constructed so
as (o provide homes for the miners required to
produce the increasing output of these mines, and
orders have been given for the construction of
over 1,000 additional houses. At (he presen( (ime
tbe mines in operation on bo(h sides of (be field
are producing and shipping 100.000 (ons per
month.
"As all the important steel producers have built
or are building by-product plants, and. therefore,
have adopted this method of making coke, and
after the use of seveial hundred thousand tons of
our Elkhorn coal in the largest by-product plants
and gas works in this country, this coal has been
found to be absolutely uniform in quality and
analyzes but one-half of 1 per cent, in sulphur,
3 per cent, en under in ash. with only a trace of
phosphorus, and this is run-of-mine coal as it
reaches the consumer and not analysis of picked
samples, ancl by practical use has proven an ideal
fuel for by-product purposes, yielding a pint met­
allurgical coke, a large and rich yield of illuminat­
ing gas, together with the other resultant by­
products, tar, ammonia, etc."
President Wheelwright concluded his report
with the remarks: "The conditions show an im­
provement ovei last year, and it is believed that
the production of 1913 will greatly exceed the ton­
nage of 1912."
The retiring board of directors was re-elected,
and tbe board in turn re-elected United State?
Sena(or Clarence \\ . Watson chairman and Mr.
Wheelwright president.
The income account compares as follows:
1912. 1911.
'total income $11,520,416 $11,732,125
Expense? ancl lepreeialion .* 10,773.527 S.76S.2S0
Net $3,746,890 $2,963,845
Interest and sinking fund. 1.243,532 1,580,011
Balance $2,503,357 $1,383,834
Dividends 1,358,865 1,201,513
Surplus $1,144,492 $1S2,321
Previous surplus v7,014,923 6,S56,S7!
Total surplus $8,159,415 $7,039,192
*In 1912, taxes are included in expenses; in previous
years, they are included in charges.
tLess adjestment?.
Norfolk & Western Shipments For February.
The coal and Cuke tonnage from the mines on
ihe Norfolk & Western railway, in West Virginia,
for the month ot February, 1913, was:
N. & W. Field Total Coal.
Pocahontas 811,038
Tug River 196,354
Thacker 261,482
Kenova 73,191
Total 1,342,065
The Illinois Coal Operators' Association will
move its headquarters from Chicago, (o Springfield,
111., during the piesent month. The new
quarters are more central in (heir relation to the
mining districts.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS FROM FALLS OF ROOF AND COAL
The prevention of accidents from falls of roof
ancl coal has not received sufficient attention from
the persons vitally affected. This is due probably
to tbe fact, that little notoriety is given to such
accidents, as they occur one or two at a time, and
in scattered mines. When a gas explosion occurs.
the newspapers, with glaring headlines, 'ell ot the
fearful loss of life, tne heroic deeds of rescue ancl
the resulting pathetic scenes enacted at Ihe pit
mouth and elsewhere But when a man or two
is killed or injured from falling rool or coal, the
fact is only chronicled with a squib of a few lines.
Therefore, few people realize now many men are
killed and injured from failing roof and r oal.
In tbe coal •nines of the United Stales, an aver­
age of five men are killed and an average of 12
men are seriously injured, every working day, from
falling roof or coal.
In Alabama, one-half or ail die men killed or
injured in and about coal mines, received their
injuries from falling roof or coal. For the year
1912, the total number of fatal accidents from all
causes was 121 ; of which total i-l or over 50 per
cent., were from falls of roof and coal, and the
total number of serious non-fatal accidents from
all causes was 52; of which total 14 were from
falls of rock and coal. Notice, nearly lour times
as many were killed as survived.
It is surprising, "now small a piece of rock or
coal falling a short distance will kill a man.
Therefore, the prevention of accidents from falls
of roof and coal should receive constant and care­
ful consideration by evei v person in and about the
mines.
About nine-tenths of these accidents happen in
the rooms and other working places, where the
miner is charged with the duty of making the
same safe from falls About two-thirds of these
accidents happen at or near the face. So it is
evident that, in the prevention if these accidents.
much depends upon the individual miner and his
helper.
Can these accidents be avoided 7 Generally they
can.
The mining law provides that "Every workman
employed in coal mines shall examine his working
place before commencing work ancl after any stop­
page of work during the shift, he shall repeat the
examination."
Upon entering your place, go slowly, carefully
examine the roof, test the same with your pick
handle or stick. If any vibration is felt the piece
*Safety Pamphlet No. 3. Alabama Coal Operators Association,
prepared by las. L Davidson, Secretary, under the
approral and direction of the Mine Casualty and Mining Institute
Committee.
is unsafe. The old method of sounding the rool
is not as reliable as Ihe aoove test. All parts of
.'he roof should be examined and tested and made
safe before anyone goes or remains tinder same.
The roof should be examined and tested at tie
quent intervals dvring the shift. The props and
• ap beard? should also lie examined; and if out of
place, or bent or bushed, tlie roof is unsafe.
If it can lie done without danger, pull down all
loose slate, rock, coal and materia! until rool i?
safe.
If in doubt, ask the mine foreman.
It is better to pull down loose material than to
iry to prop it up. Inexperienced men should noi
pull down loose material, except undei the super­
vision of an experienced miner or the mine fore­
man.
Unless otherwise ordered by tbe mine foreman
pull down all coal, bone coal and diaw slate that
is hanging to the roof, whether it appears loos*
or not. immediately upon entering the working
place or before working or remaining where the
same may fail on vou.
After pulling clown all loose material, tlie idea
is to hold the sound roof in nlaee.
Reset all timbers that are cut of place, and set
new timbers where necessary. AH of which
should be done before: going to work, loading eoal
or mining. "Be sure you're safe (hen go ahead."
A line of props should be set as close to the face
and to tbe track as practicable. Timbers should
Tie se( sufficiently close to each other to bold the
top and in no case should they be spaced lurther
apart than the mine rules specify, or tbe mine fore­
man prescribes.
Capboards should be driven in tight enough to
hold the timber in place, so that it will not be
easily blown or knocked out. Do not drive the
capboard in so tight that it will break or shatter
the roof.
Always keep on hand at your working place all
tools necessary for preparing and setting timbers,
also a stick for testing the roof
All timbers should be sawed off square at each
end and of sufficient length to reach from the floor
to roof, allowing for the capboard.
The capboard should be as near flat on each side
as possible, and should fully cover the end of the
timber, and should extend lengthwise out on each
side of the timber. The more broken, rotten or
friable tbe roof, the longer the capboard should be
I unless fore-polling, lagging or cross collars are
used).
Timbers should be set square or at a right angle
to the roof, and on flat solid floor. Do not set tim-

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ber on loose rock, coal or on rough uneven places
in floor. If floor i? soft, put a board under it, for
a base.
Always keep a day's supply of timbei ancl cap
boards ahead ; n your room or working place! Do
not work or remain in vour place until you have
all the timbers you need nor unless your place is
safe. Don't :ak

PENNSYLVANIA COAL PRODUCTION
BY COMPANIES FOR 1912.
FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Delaware & Hudson Co 1,586,815
Scranton Coal Co 340,313
Hillside Coal & Iron Co 181,221
Archbald Coal Co 115,440
Humbert Coal Co 72,882
West Mountain Coal Co 17,218
Fall Brook Coal Co 5,169
Total 2,319,058
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
P. J. MOORE, Inspector.
FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Dela., Lackawanna & Western R. It. Co. 3,014,471
Delaware & Hudson Co 188,130
Scranton Coal Co 209,102
Peoples Coal Co 167,937
Thorne-Neale Washery 132,353
Premier Coal Co 14,374
Carlton Coal Co 7,736
Minooka Coal Co 7,722
Total 3,600,143
FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
J. T. REESE, Inspector.
Pennsylvania Coal Co 1,171,221
Dela., Lackawanna & Western R. R. Co. 866,302
Jermyn & Co 502,070
Elliott, McClure & Co 247,458
Hillside Coal & Iron Co 212,043
Delaware & Hudson Co 113,742
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 15,394
Moosic Coal Co 3,682
Total 3,131,912
SEVENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
AUGUSTUS MCDADE, Inspector.
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co 2,552,392
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 1,793,250
Delaware & Hudson Co 559,969
Red Ash Coal Co 244,823
Wilkes-Barre Anthracite Coal Co 98,982
Rissinger Bros. & Co 63,799
Pittston Coal Mining Co 27,083
Total 5,351,047
THOMAS J. WILLIAMS, Inspector.
EIGHTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 1,701,231
Fortv Fort Coal Co 530,573
Kingston Coal Co 779,397
Mt. Lookout Coal Co 285,571
Plymouth Coal Co 191,400
East Boston Coal Co 79,943
Rauh Coal Co 137,845
Dela., Lackawanna & Western R. R. Co. 93,786
Clear Spring Coal Co 6,089
Rissinger Bros. Coal Co 22,865
Total 3,828,702
SIXTEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
SAMUEL J. JENNINGS, Inspector.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 1,367,081
Mineral Railroad & Mining Co 834,935
Excelsior Coal Co 177,746
Shipman Koal Co 171,452
Trevorton Colliery Co 151,888
Buck Ridge Coai Mining Co 88,138
Total 2,791,240
EIGHTEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
P. J, FRIEL, Inspector.
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co 708,069
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 627,480
Coxe Bros. & Co., Inc 259,477
Maryd Coal Go 247,230
Dodson Coal Co. 221,683
Alliance Coal Co 125,174
Mill Creek Coal Co 102,969
Schuylkill & Lehigh Coal Co 54,820
Port Carbon Coal Co 38,747
East Lehigh Coal Co 35,926
Phillips Bros. Coal Co 29,307
Gorman & Campion 19,923
Total 2,664,539
NINETEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 1,373,354
St. Clair Coal Co 384,840
Lytle Coal Co 338,437
Pine Hill Coal Co 278,390
Oak Hill Coal Co 262,160
Buck Run Coal Co 205,869
Darkwater Coal Co 101,251
Mt. Hope Coal Co 64,002
White & Co 40,139
Wolf Creek Coal Co 30,724
John H. Davis Co 29,849
Butcher Creek Coal Co 17,742
Scott Estate 3,010
Total 2,029,767
M. J. BRENNAN, Inspector.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Cambria Steel Co 1,507,474
Logan Coal Co 480,196
Pennsylvania Coai & Coke Corp 479,906
Portage Coal Co 379,399
Argyle Coal Co 308,550
Stineman Coal & Coke Co 307,270
Miller Coal Co 273,313
Henrietta Coal Mining Co 223,985
Forge Coal Mining Co 206,421
Stineman Coal Mining Co 197,768
•Maryland Coal Co 179,365
Sunnyside Coal Co 152,871
George Pearce & Sons 148,838
Loyal Hanna Coal & Coke Co 145,907
Beaver Run Coal Co 138,924
Mountain Coal Co 112,876
Citizens Coal Co 111,782
J. Blair Kennerly 73,706
Plymouth Coal Mining Co 69,108
South Fork Coal Mining Co 68,216
Alton Goal Co 48,861
Princess Coal Mining Co 42,655
Penker Coal Co 39,903
Priscilla Coal Mining Co 38,989
Llovdell Coal Mining Co 36,087
Smaller operators 83,348
Total 5,855,718
THOMAS D. WILLIAMS, Inspector.
FOURTEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Ford Collieries Co 652,979
Allegheny Coal Go 531,235
Bessemer Coal & Coke Co 461,569
Valley Camp Coal Co 415.960
Saltsburg Coal Co 415,339
Cornell Coal Co 341,600
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co 263,913
Superior Fuel Co 215,185
Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co.... 194,554
Avonmoi e Goal & Coke Co 174,715
Pine Run Co 168,354
Roaring Run Mining Co 154,924
Cochran Coal Co 154,479
Keystone Coal Co 148,411
McFetridge Bros 145,509
Conemaugh Coal Co 125,018
Paulton Coal Mining Co 107,129
West Penn Coal Mining Co 106,550
Allegheny Coal & Coke Co 99,348
Howard Gas Coal Co 97,589
Apollo Coal Co 95,046
Leechburg Coal & Coke Co 91.6S1
Mitchell-Watson Coal Co 90,110
United States Sewer Pipe Co 81,636
Raridan Coal Co 80,973
Maher Coal & Coke Co 74,567
Bowman Coal Co 72,509
Kerr Coal Co 72,157
Dalliba Coal Co 67,992
Jos. G. Beale & Co 63,164
Lucesco Coal Co 60,970
Edrie Coal Co 58,634
Kiskiminetas Coal Co 58,226
Haddon Coal Co 57,628
Valley Coal Co 52,225
Pine Run Coal & Coke Go 50,639
Ben Franklin Coal Co 50,205
Aladdin Coal & Coke Co 48,981
Butler Junction Coal Co 48,834
Bagdad Coal & Coke Co 48,404
Gilpin Coal Co 47,034
West Penn Mining Co 45,697
Smaller operators 200,770
Total 6,592,493
SEVENTEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
DAVID YOUNG, Inspector.
Pittsburgh Terminal R. R. & Coal Co... 2,360,163
Pittsburgh Goal Co 1,937,974
Xew York & Cleveland Gas Coal Co 371,283
Crescent Coal Co 317,401
Pittsburg-Buffalo Co 275,224
Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co 250,803
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 250,783
Smaller operators 123,158
Total 5,886,789
SIXTEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
JOHN I. PRATT, Inspector.
H. C. Frick Coke Co 988,80.7
Thompson-Connelisville Coke Co S26.320
Tower Hill Connellsville Coke Co 751,840
Conn. Cent. Coke Co 564,306
Vesta Coal Co 487,039
Taylor Coal & Coke Go 467,302
Republic Iron & Steel Co 442.389
Brier Hill Coke Co 441,655
Orient Coke Co 374,772
Diamond Coal & Coke Co 301,455
XV. Harry Brown 189,676
Century Coke Go 181,990
Clyde Coal Co 166,280
LaBelle Coke Co 165,674
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 155,622
Struthers Coal & Coke Co 147,967
Union Connellsville Coke Co 124,832
Bessemer Coke Co 119,546
Hustead-Seamans Goal & Coke Co 112,698
Prospect Coal & Coke Co 104,876
Chaes. W. Bra^nell 95,991

Chas. VV. Braznell 95,991
Edna Connellsville Coke Co 70,736
Isabella Connellsville Coke Co 60,293
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co 57,110
W. M. Henderson 53,807
Brownsville Coke Co 38,926
Champion Connellsville Coke Co 34,790
Crucible Coal Co 28,680
Total 7,634,497
EIGHTEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
W. H. HOWARTH, Inspector.
Corona Coal & Coke Co. and H. B. Swoope 503,272
Rockhill Iron & Coal Co 437,862
Berwind-White Coal Alining Co 417,051
Carbon Coal & Coke Co 236,600
Joseph E. Thropp 199,054
Grampian Coal Mining Co 173,873
S. J. Mountz & Co 155,459
Colonial Iron Co 133,879
John Langdon 94,030
Bulah Shaft Co 94,019
Broad Top Coal & Mining Co 82,500
W. A. Gould & Bro 82,361
Betz Coal Mining Co 80,028
Madeira Hill Coal Mining Co 76,455
Thomas McGlynn 73,426
Jas. M. Mclntyre & Co 68,896
Leland Goal Mining Co 67,628
Clark Bros. Coal Mining Co 66,433
Bulah Coal Co 59,402
Huntingdon Coal Co 58,050
Gatehouse & Shoff Coal Co 50,290
E. Eichelberger & Co 46,117
W. R. Gallagher & Bro 38,183
Whitney Coal Co 36,817
A. J. Black 35,074
Rocky Ridge Coai Co 31,434
Smaller operators 373,006
Total 3,770,995
TWENTY-FOURTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
THOMAS A. MATHER, Inspector.
Berwind-White Coal Mining Co 3,920,457
Jenner Quemahoning Coal Co 998,020
Valley Smokeless Coal Co 312,807
Lackawanna Coal & Coke Co 294,573
Shade Coal Mining Co 149,832
Rummel Coal Mining Co 109,000
Kiskiminetas Coal Co 80,778
Morrellville Coal Mining Co 75,751
Kelso Smokeless Coal Co 74,404
Nineveh Coal & Coke Co 71,269
Pennsylvania Smokeless Coal Co 70,910
Maple Ridge Coal Co 66,081
Somerset & Cambria Coal Co 83,450
Scalp Level Coal Mining Co 60,550
Smokeless Coal Co 59,415
Thomas Maher 59,174
Blairsville Coke Co 55,403
Climax Coal Co 48,509
Lacolle Coal Mining Co 34,003
Smaller operators 77,395
Total 6,681,781
NICHOLAS EVANS, Inspector.
CANADIAN COAL PRODUCTION
FOR 1912 SHOWS BIG INCREASE.
The production of coal in the Dominion of Canada
during the year 1912 comprising sales and
shipments, colliery consumption, and coal used in
making coke, etc., was 14,699,953 short tons valued
at $36,349,299 as against 11,323,388 tons valued at
$26,467,646 in 1911, and 12,909,152 tons valued at
$30,909,775 in 1910. The production exceeded ail
former outputs.
Nova Scotia shows an increase of nearly 8 per
cent.; British Columbia an increase of over 26
per cent., though not quite up to the 1910 production;
Alberta an increase of about 128 per cent.
over 1911, and 19 per cent, over 1910. The other
provinces show comparatively little change.
The total production of coke in 1912 was 1,411,-
219 tons, valued at $5,352,520, as compared with a
production of 935,651 tons valued at $3,630,410 in
1911. A considerable percentage of this was made
from imported coal.
By provinces the production in 1912 was: Nova
Scotia, 625.90S tens; Ontario, 379,854 tons; Alberta,
105.684 tons; British Columbia, 299,773 tons,
as against a production in 1911 of; Nova Scotia,
557,554 tons; Ontario. 259,554 tons; Alberta, 36,216
tons; British Columbia, 82,327 tons.
The quantity of coke Imported during the calendar
year 1912 was 628,174 tons, valued at $1,-
702,856, as compared with imports of 751,389 tons,
valued at $1,843,248 in 1911.
Schedules proposing to cancel through rates on
coal, in carloads, from mines in Kentucky and
West Virginia to Milwaukee, Wis., and other
points in Michigan, were ordered suspended March
22 by the Interstate Commerce Commission until
Sept. 25. The commission desires to hold further
investigation as to the validity of the tariffs,
which were filed by the Kanawha & Michigan railway.
Rates on coal, in carloads, from Kentucky
and West Virginia miners to Milwaukee, via the
Grand Trunk railway, wdiich were to have become
effective March 25, were also ordered suspended by
the commission until July 23.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
HOW OPERATORS ARE STUNG ON CONTRACTS
By W. S. Hammill.
The question of what a coal contract is might appear
to be something that could be answered offhand
by the youngest schoolboy. But is it° The
average coal contract as made between the consumer,
retail dealer or jobber, on the one side and
the operator on the other, is a quite formidable
looking document, well filled with conditions and
provisos and the wording of it is about as tight
and complete an agreement to buy and pay for a
certain tonnage ol coal as it is possible for the
inventive brain oi the operator or seller to devise.
Why it is so carefully prepared, it is difficult
to understand as three buyers out of every four
glance over it, reading the tonnage, grades of
coal and prices, which have been inserted, then
look up and ask: "This is the regular, uniform
coal contract, is it?" The buyer seldom bothers
to read all of those carefully prepared conditions
which, on account of theii being both numerous
and minutely detailed, have to be printed in small
type in order to keep the size of the contract, form
down to a handleable sheet. It is
TOO MUCH TROUBLE
to bother with reading it. Besides he seems to
think the opeiator or seller will feel absolutely
bound to furnish the tonnage required, regardless
of conditions which might prevail at the mines,
in order to "hold the pole" in the next year's race
for this same buyer's contract.
If the market price should advance, the buyer
holds the seller absolutely to the terms of the
contract and demands every pound of coal covered
by the contract. On the other hand, if the market
prices should decline, he will immediately
proceed to buj in the open market and cut down
his shipping orders on his contract to about 25
per cent, of his requirements.
The world is thankful that all buyers are not
like the sample desciibed above, but about 80 per
cent, of them arc built on those lines and seem
to regard a coal contract merely in the light of
an option on so many tons of coal at a certain
price with no margin posted to guarantee good
faith. If the market weakens the buyer expects
the seller to reduce his contract prices to market
basis, but if it becomes stronger, the prices in the
contract must remain the same as when made.
The worst feature about all this is that the
operator has nearly always been wiiling to fall
for such treatment and will go back to the same
buyers year after year and, not only show a willingness
to sign up a similar contract, but actually
begs for one of the same sort, knowing full
well that he will receive the same treatment as.
he had dished up to him the previous year.
UNJUST CONTRACTS.
Then there is another sort of contract—the
Specification Contract—Decoming very popular
with municipalities and state institutions of some
of the states thai, are very particular not to pay
much for anything of use that is actually delivered
to them but are willing to spend large sums of
the people's money for works of art andluxuries,
in the cost of which large bundles of graft can be
easily concealed. As an instance of this, the city of
New York and several state hospitals of New York
State have already circulated their specifications
for this year's coal. The specifications carry
heavy penalties on coal showing more than 25
per cent, volatile matter, 10 per cent, ash, 3 per
cent, moisture, 1.75 per cent, sulphur and less
than 13,800 B.T.U.'s to the pound. The penalties
apply on any or all of these tests. Please show
us the justice in specifications of this kind The
limitations on volatile matter might be excused
on the grounds of preventing unnecessary smoke
in large cities, but it enhances, rather than reduces,
the heat producing properties of the coal,
if properly applied and combustion is complete.
Since the increase in the proportions of ash and
moisture are the diiect cause of a reduction in
heat units, by what right can anybody impose a
penalty on ash and moisture and add another penalty
on heat units basis? If they are buying
heat units at so much per million, the ash and
moisture in the coal should not be taken into consideration
at all, if justice is to be considered in
the contract. It would seem, however, that justice
is compelled to
PLAY SECOND FIDDLE
in the construction of the specifications on contracts
of this character, and the brilliant compiler
of these specifications, appears to have
spent the bulk of his energy in fixing up a contract
which is so one-sided that justice and fair
dealing are entirely lost sight of. In spite of
the unfairness of these contracts, it seems that
such purchasers succeed in enticing one operator
or another into their web each year and, of course,
will be able to get their fuel for practically nothing
for a number of years in going the rounds of
operators, and "burning" only one at a time. It
is almost impossible to believe that producers of
coal are so short sighted that they will tie up on
a contract of thii character, without going sufficiently
deep into the matter to ascertain where
they are going to come out, as in nearly every

case, that year's business on such contracts, figures
out at a loss. A few illustrations in this line may
be in order to show where this unfairness exists.
Illustration (1): We will suppose that the coai
as delivered meets the specifications of 13,800
British Thermal Units to the pound, but analysis
shows 11 per cent, ash, 26 per cent, volatile matter,
4 per cent, moisture and 2 per cent, sulphur;
the penalties on the surplus of ash, moisture, volatile
and sulphur are computed in multiples of the
actual amount of surplus, as follows: The excess
in ash of the above example is 1 per cent, and
excess moisture 1 per cent., in each of which cases,
1 per cent, is deducted from the price of the coal,
plus freight from the mine to the point of delivery,
or in other words, the delivered price. For
sulphur the penalty is 5 per cent, of the delivered
price for each 1 per cent, excess in sulphur—the
percentages to be computed to the nearest tenth ot
1 per cent. The
EXCESS VOLATILE MATTER
is penalized to the extent of 2 per cent, of the
delivered price for each 1 per cent, of excess volatile
matter; this, also, is computed to the nearest
tenth of 1 per cent. In this instance we would
find deductions ot 1 per cent, for moisture, 1 per
cent, for ash, 2 per cent, for excess volatile matter,
and 114 per cent, for excess sulphur, in spite
of the fact that the entire amount of heat units,
which the contract required, had been delivered.
Illustration (2): Another instance of this
character may be taken into consideration, as follows:
The ash, moisture, volatile matter, and
sulphur are all standard, as per specifications, or
better, and the test for British Thermal Units
shows from 13,900 to 15,000. Of course, in this
case no penalty is imposed and also, on the other
hand, no premium is paid, because the price contained
in the contract is the maximum price that
will be paid for the coal.
If these Specifications Contracts were built on
a penalty and premium basis, there would be some
showing of fairness, but in view of the fact that
penalties are imposed and no premiums paid, and
that each penalty is a double penalty on account
of its being based on shortage of heat units and
then again imposed on account of these elements
which cause that shortage, and no premiums "being
allowed where the coal exceeds the specifications
in qualities—the specifications are manifestly unfair,
and it is beyond the understanding of a fair
minded person why any public institution or
municipality should use such means to literally
rob the people from whom they buy their supplies,
especially when the supplies are of such
a character that the margin of profit is as small as
it is in the coal business.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
H. C. FRICK COKE COMPANY TO
BUILD ADDITIONAL SWIMMING POOLS.
The H. C. Frick Coke Co. will build swimming
pools at several of its plants during the coming
summer. It is also staled that bath houses, similar
to the one at Collier, will also be constructed.
The eompan} has decided to build swimming
pools at Continental No. 1, Brownfield and Footedale.
The work will be started as soon as the
w-eather will permit. The pools will be of concrete
construction. At Leisenring the tank is
75 feet long and 36 feet wide, ranging in depth
from 2U. to 7 feet.
The Collier bathhouse contains 19 showers. The
men are required to furnish only their own soap
and towels. No charge is made to employes for
the use of either bathhouse or swimming pool and
certain days aie set aside for their use by women
and girls.
• INDUSTRIAL NOTES •
The Ingersoll-Rand Co., 11 Broadway, New York,
has issued a 20-page Bulletin, form No. 3312, descriptive
of its Imperial "XB" Duplex Power
Driven Air Compressors. These machines are
suitable for mine, tunnel, quarry and contract
plants, shop and foundry equipments; air power
plants for railway repair shops, and for switch
and signal service; air lift, "Return Air" displacement
pumping systems, and geneial industrial applications
of compressed air. Among the many
recognized advantages of duplex construction ir.
power driven air compressors are: a balanced construction
with quartered cranks effecting an equalisation
of efforts; easier duty on the belt; the reduction
of structural stresses by this balanced construction;
the ease with which the air cylinders
can be compounded, with all the attendant economies
and without any increase in the number of
working parts On Imperial "XB" Compressors
the air intake valves are of the "Imperial Corliss"
type, operated from eccentrics on the main shaft;
the discharge valves are of the "Imperial Direct
Lift" pattern. The catalogue is illustrated and
shows a table of sizes and capacities.
"Holmen Locomotive Coaling Stations" of reinforced
concrete are the subject matter of p neat
pamphlet by the Roberts & Schaeffer Co., Chicago.
The pamphlet is profusely illustrated.
The February-March number of the Ohio Brass
Co. Bulletin is just from the press and is devoted
largely to electric railway transmission and mine
haulage materials.
A vein of coal said to be 30 feet thick has been
found on the Cooper farm near Coal Creek. Tenn.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
BALTIMORE & OHIO PLANS BIG IMPROVE­
MENTS ON ITS SOMERSET AND CAMBRIA
DIVISION.
Announcement has been made by officials of the
Baltimore & Ohio railroad that $1,500,000 will be
spent on improvements to its Somerset & Cambria
division just us soon as the city of Johnstown,
Pa., will pass the necessaiy legislation.
The improvements will consist of new passenger
and freight station? ;.t Johnstown, la., 100x28 and
300x28 feet respeetiveh ; a new assembling and
interchange yard on the site of tbe present sta­
tions to have a capacity of 240 cars; a round bouse.
turntable, ashpit and other buildings; new and
larger passenger and freight facilities at Somer­
set. Pa., building long passing sidings and heavy
steel bridges on tbe Somerset et Cambria division
which will provide a double-track on a consider­
able stretch of the line; new passenger station at
Rockwood. Pa., and the construction of a new
low-grade line between that point and Garrett. Pa.
A large freight yard will lie built at Somerset.
with a caiiacity of 500 cars which will enable the
Baltimore & Ohio to handle tiie increasing coal
traffic from the Qtemahoning region to tidewater
and other points allowing direct movement of
empty cars from Cumberland to ihe eoal fields and
the loads east from tnat point. A large round­
house and other te'-minal buildings wiil be in­
cluded in the improvements at Somerset, the cost
of which will be about $100,000. Somerset has
been chosen as the division headquarters.
Steel bridges will replace tbe present structures
at Holsople, Skew, Paint Creek, Hog Back Tunnel
and Stony Creek, to permit of the operation of the
heavy locomotiver and cars that will be used on
the line.
Agreement Reached In Southwest.
There will be no strike in the coal fields con­
trolled by the Southwestern Coal Operators' Association.
After a two days' conference. President
John P. White of Ihe United Mine Workers of
America, announced that matters had been satisfactorily
adjusted. The Wear Coal Co. conceded
the demands of the miners in regard to paying
for powder for a second shot when one shot had
failed. The> Westei n Coal & .Mining Co. agreed
to pay the $3.34 pei day asked by the operators
of motor mine cars. Upon the part of the miners
it was agreed thai hereafter when disputes of
this nature arose no arbitrary action would be
taken until tbe mat(rr fad been submitted (o offi­
cials of operators ancl miners' organizations fo"
adjustment. Several hundred men idle in the
Pittsburg, Kan., district were ordered to resume
work.
RECEIVERS OF NEW RIVER COMPANY
OUSTED BY STATE SUPREME COURT.
The appointment of receivers to take charge of
t lie properties of the New River Co., a $30,000,000
coal corporation, and its 17 subsidiary companies,
was denied March 31 by the Supreme Court ot
Appeals of West Virginia and the Circuit Court of
Fayette county was '.hereby reversed.
Several moinhs ago, upon ihe petition of J. XV.
Smiley, stockholder and former secretary of the
corporation, vhi. h is controlled by Boston men,
together with Symington MacDonald and other
minority stockholders, the Fayette Circuit Court
appointed Samuel Dixon, former president of the
corporation. William F. Deegans ancl Eugene Carver,
receivers for tne company.
It was charged in the petition of the minority
stockholders that the parent company was operat­
ing a fraud in the disposal of $1,500,000 of bonds.
It was not alleged that (he holding company was
insolvent, but the petitioners averred that the
properties were valuable and under proper manage­
ment would be profitable to the stockholders.
READY TO TRANSFER SITES.
Dr. J. A. Holmes, director of the Bureau of
Mines: Oscar Wenderoth, supervising architect
of the Treasury department; Gen. W. H. Bixby,
chief of engineers, United Stales Army: Dr. S. W
Stratton. director of the Bureau of Standards'
Van H. Mannings, assistant to the director; H. M.
Wilson, engineer in charge. Bureau of Mines; O. P.
Hood, chief mechanical engineer. Bureau of Mines;
G. A. Hulett, chemist, and G. S. Rice, mining en­
gineer, assembled in Pittsburgh March 2S in con­
nection with the negotiations between the United
States Government, the City of Pittsburgh, and
the Board of Public Education relative to the trans-
fer of property so as to enable the permanent loca­
tion of the Bureau ot Mines testing station on the
Magee property in Forbes street, near Morewood
avenue. It is expected that the mines testing station
will be located at Forbes and Boundary
streets.
In the coming automobile show, to be held in
the former East Liberty market house forum Sat­
urday evening. April 5, until April 19, pleasure
cars are to be exhibited during the first week and
commercial trucks during the second. The show
is conducted by the Show committee of the Auto­
mobile Dealers' Association of Pittsburgh, Inc.,
which has already handled six similar shows suc­
cessfully at Duquesne garden. On their author­
ity, it is stated the coining event will throw all
previous effort? far in (he shade.

COURT RULES OPERATOR IS BEST
JUDGE OF PROPER MINING.
"Tho question of what coal should be left for
-.he satety of the mine and the employes therein,
is primarily a question to be determined by the
operator. He is responsible to the law and responsible
to his employes for the proper conduct
of his mine, and if in ihe operation of his mine
he acts in good faith, though he make a mistake,
it would not be right to forfeit his lease where he
thought he was acting for the best interests of the
mine ana his employes."
This ruling was made by Judge John A. Evans
of Allegheny county, Pa., March 27, in the case of
John M. Greek and others against James D. Lytle
to restrain the defendants from proceeding to forfeat
a lease for 80 acres of coal land in Washing
ton county.
The defendants claimed that the coal was not
being properly mined, in that more coal than necessary
was left in ribs ana stumps and that the
plaintiff did not mine certain coal of inferior quality,
which, it was claimed, was unmarketable.
The suit involves property valued at about $100,-
000. Judge Evans decides that the plaintiff.;
must pay the owners of the land the royalty on
the coal that is not mined because it was not of
marketable value, covering in all about 3.7 acres.
J he defendants also claimed that the lease should
be forfeited because coa! was mined from a section
of the farm that had been reserved, hut Judge
Evans finds this is not ground for forfeiture, the
land owners having recovered in the Washington
county courts treble damages for the value of the
coal so mined. Judge Evans states that the evidence
shows that as high a percentage of coal per
acre was taken from the mine as is usually taken
from mines in the section where the mine is located.
An inquiry just completed by Albert H. Fav.
mining engineer, of the United States Bureau of
Mines, shows that fatal accidents in metal mines
in the United States are more numerous in proportion
to the number of men employed than are
the fatal accidents in coal mines. Of the 165,979
employed in the metal mines in the United States
during the calendar year 1911, 695 were killed,
which represents a rate of 4.19 per 1,000 men employed,
as compared with 3.73 per 1,000 for the
coal mines of this country for the same period.
The American Fuel Co. was placed in the hands
of a receiver at Greeley, Col., March 18. The
action was caused hy a strike of 1,000 coal miners
who claim they have not received wages due them.
George M. Williams was appointed receiver under
a bond of $10,000.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
LABOR NOTES
The convention of the United Mine Workers of
America of Ohio sub-district No. 5. adjourne 1
March 22 at New Philadelphia, 0., after electing
Sidney Jones, of Maynard, Belmont, county, to the
executive board lo succeed C. Williams, oi Barnbill,
and choosing William Myley, of Bridgeport,
as auditor, to succeed Thomas Price, of Barnhill.
Price and Williams had resigned their positions
because of the transfer of their local along with
Tuscarawas county tc sub-district No. 3, which includes
the Massillon-Canton field. The convention
of sub-district No. 5 will oe held in Wheeling in
April.
The books of the United Mine Workers of Amei
ica show r a total paid up membership on March 1,
of 398,317. The best previous record was in
January, ..vhen it was 391.112. In the anthracite
region the official records show 128,000 in the
union, out of a possible 170,000, divided by districts
as follows: District No. 1, 59,279; for District
No. 7, 20,236; District No. 9, 49,080. a total
for the three districts of 128.595.
The annual report of Richard Gilbert, secretarytreasurer
of the United Mine Workers of No. 2, or
Central Pennsylvania district, which is now in the
hands of the printer, shows that tne organization
has $100,000 in the treasury, the first time that this
has occurred in the history ot the organization
This i? a remarkably good showing as the organization
has paid out $20,000 in eleath claims in the
past year.
Seven miners, employed in the northern part of
Indiana county, Pa., were arrested on a charge of
violating the bituminous mine laws and were fined
$1.00 and costs. The violation consisted of negligence
in placing "sprags" under the coal when
undermining it, and failure to carefully inspect
the mine roof after blasts.
At the conventicn of the Seventh sub-distri ;t of
the Illinois Mine Workers, it was announced the
co-operative store maintained by tne organization
was a failure. The convention decided to sell the
perishable stock ancl send the remainder to West
Virginia miners now on strike.
Lee Hall, president of No. 5 sub-district of Ohio,
United Mine Workers, has been named as vice
president of the state organization, to succeed John
Zalenka, resigned Will C. Thompson of Byesville
has been chosen president of the sub-district
to succeed Hall.
James Mark. Pat Dolan and James Feeley will
be new men on the district executive board of the

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
United Mine Workers of Central Pennsylvania, succeeding
John Sullivan. William Tunslall ancl Robert
Baxter, respectively.
FIRST AID CORPS OF MINERS
TO HAVE NATIONAL SCOPE.
The executive committee of the American Mine
Safety association will meet in Pittsburgh Apri:
Chief Mine Inspector C. H. Nesbitt of Alabama
7. at which time steps will be taken to organize a
is authority for the statement that 50 mine tip­
national first aid corps.
ples have checkweighmen working on them and
The committee is composed of H. M. Wilson.
others can have them whenever the men in the
chairman United States Bureau of Mines, Pitts­
mine desire them.
burgh; John P. Reese, vice chairman, Superior
Breaker boys employed by the Evans Coal Co., Coal Co., Galena, 111.: Dr. W. S. Rountree, Tennes­
Beaver Meadow, Pa., will receive an increase in see Coal, lion & Railway Co., Birmingham, Ala.;
wages as the result of a conference between the Dr. A. F. Knoefel, Vandalia Coal Co., Terre Haute,
officials of the company and the United Mine Work­ Intl.; Dr. F. L. McKee, Lackawanna & Wilkesers'
officials.
Barre Coal Co., Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Austin King, H
C. Frick Coke Co., Scottdale, Pa.; G. H. Hawes,
According lo the report of .he miners' examin­ Oliver Iron Mining Co., Duluth, Minn.; E. H. Weiting
board, No. 2, of Luzerne county, 1,209 certizel, Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., Pueblo, Col.; R. A.
ficates were issued to miners in the district during Phillips. Delaware. Lackawanna & Western Co.,
1912.
Scranton, Pa., and C. S. Stevenson, secretary Bureau
of Mines, Pittsburg, Kan.
Miners to the numner of 1,000 employed by the The membership of the first-aid corps will be
American Fuel Co. at Boulder, Col., went on st? ike drawn from the three-quarters of a million miners
March 17.
in the United States and wili have for its nucleus
the 15.000 miners already trained in first-aid. To
the nucleus are expected to be drawn thousands of
other miners.
J. V. Thompson of Uniontown, Pa., has purchased Membership in the corps wili be gained only
from Harry and John Stephens 94 acres of coal in after the men have passed examinations by sur­
Center township, Greene county, Pa., for $17,504; geons. Formerly the miners of this country were
from Daniel Brown 40% acres near Nineveh, Pa.. trained only in first-aid for demonstrations and
at $200 per acre or $8,100; from -Mason Lightner contests, and then the training was stopped and
25 acres adjoining the Brown tract at $200 per the work forgotten.
acre or $5,000; from Henry Jacobs 350 acres, in The committee also will discuss the advisability
Richhill township, Greene county, at $117 per of furnishing medals to be gnen winners at state­
acre, or $40 950 in the aggregate.
wide first-aid meets to be held this summer. The
association already has agreed to furnish the first
H. Jarvis Elclred of Waynesburg has bought from medal at the first meet to be held in Lexington.
George E. Rice and S. B. Kent, 34 acres of coal in Ky., May 16.
Wayne township, Greene county, Pa., at $167.50 Similar meets will be held in this state in Clear­
per acre; total consideration, $5,666.
field, Greensburg, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre. Potts­
John T. Clutter ot Morris township, Greene
eounty. Pa., has sold to George W. Dawson of
Charleroi. Pa., 297 acres of ccal for $125 per acre.
ville ancl in Cambria county. Pa. State-wide meets
also will be held in Trinidad, Col ; Birmingham,
Ala.; Terre Haute, lnd., and Roslyn, Wash.
Another matter to be decided by the executive
Henry Jacobs of Washington, Pa., has sold 350 committee is whether the association shall award
acres of coal land in Richhill township, Greene an honor medal for distinguished service in mine
county, to J. V. Thompson for $40,950.
disasters.
James "SI. Clark of Jefferson township. Fayette
The Intercolonial Coal Mining Co., Montreal,
county. Pa., has sold 206 acres of coal to the Wash­ Can., has elected the following directors: F. W.
ington Coal & Coke Co., for $412,000.
Molson, D. Forbes Angus, K. W. Blackwell, James
Philip H. Keller has sold to Francis W. Byrne, Floyd, Frederick W. Molson, R. MacD. Paterson,
of Scottdale, Pa., nine acres of coal in Westmore­ E. Goff Penny, Duncan Robertson. At a subseland
county, Pa., for $700 per acre.
quent meeting of the board Mr. D. Forbes Angus
was re-elected president and managing director.
The Penn-Westmoreland Coal Co. has purchased Mr. James Floyd was re-elected vice president, and
from J. A. Guy 100 acres of coal at West Newton. Mr. C. A. Dowd was re-appointed secretary-treas­
Pa., for $60,000.
urer.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
ACCIDENTS IN WASHINGTON COAL MINES
By D. C. Boning State Mine Inspector. Washington and H. M. Wolflin, Mining Engineer. U. S. Bureau of Mines.
The death rate in the coal mines of Washington and the large majority work on pitches of from
is considerably higher than in coal mining states 20 to 90 degrees.
of the eastern and central part of the country. At With the exception of a few sections, covering
first glance the reason for this is not evident. The special features, the state laws governing mines
percentage of English speaking miners and labor­ are entirely inadequate, and except for the humaniers
about Washington mines is higher than in tarian view of the situation taken by most opera­
many other states, but these men, while more intors, the death rate would be even larger than it
telligent than the foreigners, are often much more is. At the same time the death rate is higher than
reckless and take chances that they should not in the Vancouver Island mines, and the conditions,
take.
though in favor of the island mines, are similar.
On closer study it is seen that mining conditions In going over the accident reports for Washing­
are more dangerous in Washington than in most ton mines for several years past, the writers no­
of the states with lower death rates, but it is also ticed that relatively a very high percentage of acci­
seen that the Washington death rate is considerdents, both fatal and non-fatal, were due to the
ably higher than it should De. The coal bedi steep inclination, or pitch, of the beds. Tabula
are nearly all quite steeply inclined and there are tions were accordingly made to show the effect of
comparatively few miners who work on a "pitch" the steep "pitch" on Washington mine accidents
of less than 10 or 15 degrees to the horizontal, from 1905 to 1911 inclusive.
T4.HLE I.
Fatal Accidents (Total) Causes: 1905. 1906. 1907.
Falls of rock or coal 7 7 11
Struck by falling timber .. 1
Man falling (shaft, slope, chute, etc.) 1 1
Cave in pillars (material sliding down)
Run over or crushed by cars, including runaway
trips 3 11 3
Electrocuted .. 1 3
Explosion of gas or dust .. 1 10
Explosion of powder or caps
Flying pieces from blast, including missed shots. . . . 1
Suffocated by powder smoke .. 4
Overcome by afterdamp
Outburst of gas, blowing out coal
Drowned by underground body of water
Unknown cause 1
Outside accidents 1 3
Total inside accidents 13 21 33
Total inside and outside accidents 13 22 36
No. inside employes 4.080 3,885 4,855
No. inside and outside employes 4,976 5.150 6.113
Men (inside) killed per 1,000 employed 3.19 5.41 6.80
Total inside and outside men killed per 1,000 employed
for year 2.61 4.27 5.89
Tons coal mined per life lost (inside and outside) . 218,993 149,569 100,606 1907.
TABIE II.
1908. 1909. 1910. 1911.
Fatal Accidents Due to "Pitch."
Falls of rock or coal where the material slid down
1905. 1906.
the "pitch" onto men
Struck by timber falling down "pitch"
Cars on slope, including runaways and men falling
3 1
from skip or trip 2 7
Cars on underground haulage planes .. 2
Man falling down slope or chute
Smothered by gas outburst or caught by "Bump"..
Electrocuted while loading car from chute
Total number of fatal accidents due to "pitch"....
Total number of fatal underground accidents
..
5
13
11 1
21
3.885
5.41.
13
33
4,855
6.80
9 6 6
24 31 42
4.270 4,420 4.579
5.62 7.01 9.17
11
23
4,613
4.99
Total number of inside employes
Inside per employrs year killed per 1.000 employed per year.
Fatal Percentage accidents of inside due to fatal "pitch" accidents per 1,000 due to employed "pitch'
4,080
3.19
38.5 1.23
2.83
52.4
2.68
39.4
2.11
37.5
1.36
19.4
1.31
14.3
2.38
47.8
1908.
12
24
25
4,270
5,341
5.62
4.68
119.100
1909. 1910.
10 8
8
31
39
4,420
5.725
7.01
1
1
42
43
4.579
6,014
9.17
6.81 7.15
92.068 92,548
1911.
28
4,613
5.989
4.99
4.67
131,419

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Average percentage of fatal underground accidents that were due to pitch during 7 years = 35.6.
Average number of inside employe? killed per 1,000 employed per year = for 7 years 6.03.
Average number oi men killed by "pitch" accidents per boon inside men employed per year for
years = 1 99.
TABLE III.
Fatal Accident? in Washington Mines.
I Only tho^e duo to the excessive 'pitch" of the
coal are listed).
1905 No. Killed.
Fall of coal occurred near face of breast—slid
down "pitch" onto men who were working
where they could not retreat 2
Fall of rock caused by timber being knocked
out by coal sliding down "pitch" after shot
was fired 1
Breaking of hoisting rope caused runaway trip
on slope 1
Man fell down slope 1
Total fatal accidents due to "pitch".... 5
1906.
Runaway trips on slope 3
Runaway car. down a room ("pitch" about
10',', gravity haulage plane ) 1
Riding timber on slope—runaway throwing
man against timber 1
Fell from slope skip or trip 3
Killed by fall of coa! from high side of gangway
under circumstances that would not
have been possible in flat seam 1
"Bump" caught man crawling through oreakthrough
between chute?. So far as writers
know, these sudden local squeezes, not due
to small pillars or lack of supports occur
only in the highly pitching seams of the
Northwest 1
Run over by loaded trip on inside inclined
plane 1
Total fatal accidents due to "pitch".... 11
1907.
Fall of coal or rock siid down pitch onto men. . I
Runaway car on slope 1
Struck by trip on slope 2
Electrocuted while loading car from chute.. 2
Timber fell down pitch, striking men 4
Total fatal accidents due to "pitch".... 1",
Non-Fatal Accidents Due to "Pitch." 1905.
TABUS IV.
Fall of rock or coal—material slid down onto roan... 1
Struck by timber falling down pitch
Struck by cars on slope—including runaway trips, etc. 5
Struck by cars or huit bv tackle on underground haulage
plane
Man falling clown slope, chute, or manway 3
Man riding up slope, head struck "collar"
Caught between car and chute or loading car irom chute
Investigation oi "hang-fire" shot
Caught between cars, or cars and roof or timber
Handling heavy machinery on "pitch'"
Overcome by powder smoke, fell clown manway
Caught by haulage rope on slope
Total non-fatal accidents due to pitch 9
Total inside non-fatal accidents 114
Percentage inside non-fatal accidents clue to pitch. ... 79
1908.
Rock, coal, etc., slid down pitch onto man. . ..
Runaway cars on slope
Struck by cars on slope
Trip wrecked coming clown slope
Man fell down chute
Struck by timber falling down "pitch"
Total fatal accidents due to "'pitch"....
1909.
Fall of coal sliding down pitch onto man....
Fell down manway chute as result of slight
gas explosion
Fell down chute
Struck by runaway trip, on slope
Smothered by outburst of gas and dust I no
ignition) under circumstances that would occur
only in pitching seam, so tar as writers
know
Total fatal accidents due to "pitch"....
1910.
Cave in pillars I where pillars were being
drawn) causing m?terial to slide down pitch
against "battery" I timber) knocking" it out
and killing man
Struck by cars on skip on slope
Fell down chute
Total fatal ac. idents clue to "pitch"....
1911.
Coal fell, sliding down pitch and knocking man
into chute
Cave in pillars--n.?teiial slid down pitch.
knocked out strong row of "cogs" and struck
man
Caught between car and prop on pitch in room.
Struck by trip on slope
Man fell off trip and rolled down slope
Runaway trip on slope
Man fell down chute
Loading timber into skip—fell down slope. . . .
Total fatal accidents due to "pitch".... 11
18
24.3
74
1907. 190S.
3
1
t>0
26.1
SS
0
1
-1
6
19
26.0
73
1909.
6
13
:;
1
o
34
26.1
130
1910.
8
7
9
1
28
28.0
100
1911
1
1
30
27 0
111

It is seen from the above tabulations that about
one-third of the fatal accidents and one-fourth of
the non-fatal accidents, in the Washington mines
for the past seven years, have been due to the
steep inclination of the coal beds. The classifications
have been made very conservatively and
nothing has been charged against the "pitch"
which did not belong there. In fact, a number of
accidents, which in all probability would not have
occurred had the beds heen flat which were not
directly caused by the "pitch" have been omitted
from the "pitch" tabulations.
It is very difficult—in fact almost impossible—
to make laws that will stop these accidents, clue to
the steep inclination of the coal beds. Added to
the common dangers of coal mining in flat workings
are many of the dangers of metalliferous mining,
consequently the number of accidents may be
expected to be greater than in the coal mines of
the central and eastern states where these dangers
do not exist.
In Washington the number of assistant foremen.
fire bosses, shift bosses, etc.. per hundred men
employed underground is not high. Because of
the steep inclination of the coal beds one man
cannot visit nearly so many working places in a
cannot visit, nearly so many working places in a
given time as he can visit in a mine where the
beds are flat. The result is that working places
are not visited with sufficient frequency by the
mine officials. This fact, coupled with the readiness
of the average Washington coal miner to "take
a chance" to save a little time or work, is responsible
for a great many of the miscellaneous accidents
that occur. With the passing of the pickminer
and the coining of the "coal-blaster" the disposition
to be reckless has developed to a surprising
extent among coal miners all over the country,
but this disposition seems to be even more marked
in Washington than in most other sections of the
country. Such recklessness in "pitching seams"
is exceptionally productive of accidents.
So far as the writers are able to suggest, the
onlv effective method of reducing these miscellaneous
accidents is to increase the number of mine
officials and enforce a closer supervision of the
workmen. Such a step would mean increased
cost, so to cause it (o be taken would be difficult,
but apparently it is the only way of reducing the
number of accidents that are due to the carelessness
of the men themselves, on the "pitch."
A bill has been introduced in the Oklahoma legislature
providing for the installation of telephones
in all coal mines in the state and making compulsory
the adoption of other measures for safeguarding
the lives of mine workers.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 46
James W. Walker, L. G. Walker and Samuel E.
Taylor, of East Pike Run township, Washington
county. Pa., executors of the wiil of S. G. Walker,
have started action against the Pittsburg-Buffalo
Co. to recover $147,385.34 with interest from
March 1, 1913. This amount is alleged due in
default of a certain agreement wherein tbe defendant
company is said to have agreed to pay the
plaintiffs $215,000 in semi-annual (installments,
up to 1924. It is alleged that the defendant company
paid up the first six installments, but has
failed to make payment since January 1 of this
year.
Spencer Trask & Co., William Salomon & Co..
and Kissel. Kiiinieutt & Co. are offering the small
unsold balance of $6,500,000 ten-year 6 per cent.
convertible secured bonds of the Consolidation
Coal Co. at a price to yield about 6 per ceut. The
bonds are secured by pledge of collateral having a
value of more than $8,125,000 and. producing an
income largely in excess of the annual interest
requirement on the 6 per cent, bonds. Application
also has been made to list the bonds on the
New York stock exchange.
Foremen, assistant foremen and office men of
[-Telly & Jones will enjoy their annual banquet to
be held April 10 at Greensburg, Pa. Charles A.
Skinner, E. L. Weightman and Theodore Thomas
comprise the committee on banquet arrangements
T. M. McAdoo, foreman of the pattern shop, will
act as toast master. Entertainers from Pittsburgh
will be secured to supplement the toasts.
Many of the foremen and office men will be called
upon to respond.
The Frisco system is changing its locomotives
from oil burners to coal burners, and now has
only 25 of the former type in service as compared
with 160 a year pgo. The change is made necessary
by the prohibitive price of fuel oil, according
to Eugene McAuliffe, general coal agent of the
railroad. The increase in the demand for gasoline
is responsible for the change, he says.
The Pond Creek Coal Co. directors have decided
to recommend to stockholders the issuance of
$2,000,000 6 per cent, mortgage bonds, convertible
into stock at. $25 per share. These bonds will be
offered to stockholders for subscription at par in
ratio of one $1,000 bond for each 100 shares of
s(ock'. The new bond issue has been underwritten
by Hayden, Stone & Co.
Tbe first formal application for coal space on
ihe Panama canal since the American government
outlined its policy with reference to private coal

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and fuel oil depots has been made by the Deutsches The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Coal Co.
Kohlen Depot Gesellschaft of Hamburg, represent­ has declared a special cash dividend of 20 per cent.
ing the associated German steamship lines, fifteen and the regular quarterly dividend of 2% per cent.
in number. A space for the accommodation of Both dividends are payable April 15 to stock of
16,000 tons is requested.
record April 1.
The imports of coal into the United States durBankruptcy
schedules filed in federal court at
ing January were 6 tons of anthracite, valued Cleveland, O., March 22, by the Buckeye Clay &
at $29, 126,295 tons of bituminous valued at $333,- Coal Co., operating in Jefferson and Columbia
304, and 6,617 tons of coke valued at $31,050. Dur­ counties, show liabilities of $75,417 and assets of
ing the same month the exports were 305,569 tons $83,395.
of anthracite, valued at $1,600,150; 975,963 ton3
of bituminous valued at $2,654,616, and 81,110
tons of coke valued at $304,752.
The Berwind-White Coal Mining Co. has ordered
as an addition to its electrical equipment at Windber,
Pa., a 400-horsepower, two-unit, two-bearing
The Roberts & Schaefer Co., Chicago, has just motor, frequency changer set, and switchboard ap­
closed a contract with the Marion County Coal Co. paratus.
for a new Marcus conveyor installation at Centralia.
111. The Roberts & Schaefer Co. has also
closed a contract with (he Western Maryland railroad
for a large Holmen coaling station for installation
at William, W. Va.
The Susquehanna Coal Co. has purchased 24%
acres of land at Muskegon avenue and One Hundred
and Sivteenih street, Chicago, for $75,000, to
be used later as the site for a coal handling plant.
Anselm and A. F. Kirsch of Nicktown, Pa., have
Tbe Big Muddy Coal & Iron Co., St. Louis, Mo..
taken options on 6,000 acres of coal in Cambria
re-elected the following officers and directors:
county, for the Manor Real Estate & Trust Co., at
O. L. Garrison, president; Edward I. Brown, sec­
approximately $100 an acre.
retary; S. L. Sherer, treasurer. William Wallace
and Richard M. Hoe of New York, Charles S. Cox, The property of the Kingwood Coal Co., King-
O. L. Garrison and Elias S. Gatch of St. Louis. wood, W. Va., comprising 1,100 acres of coal and
an operating plant, has been sold to Cleveland,
O., investors for $60,000.
The Economic Ccal Co., Cambridge, O., has
elected these officers: President and treasurer, J.
L. Secrest; vice president, F. W. Tobin; secretary
and general manager, C. B. McCoy; directors, J.
L. Secrest. H. B. Squibb, F. W. Tobin, C. B. McCoy,
of Cambridge, and E. D. Stone, of Derwent.
The Lick Branch Coal Co, Pineville, Ky., has
leased the mining plant of the Harlan Coal Mining
Co., at Croxton, Ky., for five years at an aggregate
rental of $100,000.
The Richland Coal Co., a West Virginia corporation,
closed a deal March 24 whereby it obtains
Make Fight On Green Bill.
possession of 2,500 acres of coal land, a small
During the past fortnight the coal operators of
town and one mine of the Beechbottom Coal Co.,
Ohio appeared before the legislature and opposed
near Wheeling, W. Va. The consideration is said
the passage of the Green bill providing for the
to have been $600,000.
payment of miners on a mine-run basis and suc­
An involuntary petition in bankruptcy has been ceeded in having a resolution for the investigation
filed against J. K. Dimmick & Co.. J. K. Dimmick, of mining conditions put on the calendar. Among
F. D. Dimmick and M. R. Gano, as a partnership those who were at Columbus, were: Messrs. C. E.
and severally in the United States court at Phila­ Maurer, president of the Eastern Ohio Coal Operadelphia
and Gen. J. B. Coryell has been named tors' Association; J. B. Zerbe, Ohio & Pennsylva­
receiver.
nia Coal Co.; W. R. Woodford, Rail & River Coal
Co.; Michael Gallagher, M. A. Hanna & Co.; D. J.
Negotiations practically have been closed for the
Jorden, Virginia Hill Coal Co.; C. W. Somers,
purchase of the Pike mine of the People Coal Co.
Roby-Somers Coal Co.; J. E. Newell, Jefferson Coal
at Brownsville. Pa., by the Vesta Coal Co. The
Co.; W. P. Murray, Pickands-Mather & Co.; Wil­
mine has not been in operation for about three
liam Harper, Morris-Poston Coal Co.; C. W. Troll,
years. It opens into a good coal tract of from
Troll Coal Mining Co.; C. L. Aysrs, Ayers Coal
1,000 to 1.200 acrts near Brownsville.
Co.; A. W. Dean, Pittsburgh & Ohio Mining Co.;
The Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. has S. H. Robbins, Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co.;
made official announcement of the summer reduc­ G. C. McKitterick, Russell Coal & Mining Co.; T.
tion of 50 cents per ton on all grades of anthracite K. Maher, Belmont Coal Co.; and Prank Prender-
save pea coal, the reduction effective April 1. gast, Baltimore & Ohio Coal Co.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
PROGRESS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MINING WEST VIRGINIA
UNIVERSITY
By C. R. tones. Dean College of Engineering.
Recognizing that, within its sphere, the West
Virginia Coal Mining Institute is one of the most
potent educational institutions in the state, it is
not only proper that i( should be kept fully informed
as to what is being done by the Department
of Mining at the University, but that it
should have a von e, both in determining the course
of instruction to be offered and the direction of its
activities.
At the last annua! meeting, held at Fairmont.
President Haas, Mr. Scheow ancl others pointed
out the urgent need of strong collegiate and secondary
courses in mining at the University. The
suggestions made were extremely helpful and encouraging
to the University officials who recognized
a similar need and were endeavoring to revive
and regenerate this important branch of instruction.
These suggestions gave life and hope
lo the cause. Requests to the Board of Regents
and the Board of Control, backed by an institution
representing the great mining interests of the state
and familiar with its needs have met with the
hearty approval of these boards. These governing
boards are interested in the development of
the state: they want to know its needs and they
are always ready to respond to well defined requests
backed up by real needs so far as the resources
at their command will admit. The same
may be said of our legislative bodies.
At the time of tbe last annual meeting, the
chair of Mining Engineering was vacant, but after
mature deliberation E. N. Zern. then professor
of Coal Mining at the University of Pittsburgh,
wno had been previously a member of the staff of
ihe School of Mines of Pennsylvania State College
and had had e xtensive practical experience in all
phases of coal mining in West Virginia, Pennsylvania
ancl Kentucky, was tailed to the chair.
At the last meeting of the Institute, held at
Charleston, Professor Zern read a paper which sot
forth the provisional plans of the department and
its general aims. During the sessions of the Institute.
Professor Zern ancl the writer met the
State Mine Department in
A JOINT CONFERENCE
in order to prepare provisional outlines of elementary
ancl practical courses to be offered so that
something tangible might be laid before the Institute.
It was the unanimous opinion of the State
Mine Department that in addition tc the four-year
courses in the Department of Mining, leading to
degrees, there should be a school of mines in
which should be offered:
1. An elementary course in mining covering at
least two years of twenty-four (24) weeks each,
beginning about the middle of September and
closing about the middle of March, which would
furnish all necessary theoretical instruction for
the preparation of candidates hiving only a common
schooi education, for examinations for certificates
as fire bosses, mine foremen ancl mine
inspectors. Each year was limited to 24 weeks,
to be divided into two term? of 12 weeks each,
partly because it seemed desirable to parallel an
elemental y course in agriculture now being given
mid partly because it was thought that the student
should spend at bast half the time in and
about the mine? in order that he might maintain
a proper balance between theoretical instruction
and practical experience; also, chat tbe student
might be self-supporting. This course is primarily
intended for young men in the mining dis
iricts to whom the opportunity for a high school
training is denied and includes English, elementary
mathematics, chemistiy, physics, drawing and
shop work in addition to the special subjects on
mining.
In endeavoring to make up a schedule it was
found impossible to make up a course which would
include all the necessary work in the two years of
six months each and tbe course was extended to
cover three years, the first two years of the course
covering the ground necessary for examination
for certificates for tire bosses and the full course
preparing for examination for certificates for foremen
and inspectors.
Booklets containing the outline and purpose were
published last summer and copies were sent to
e very aiine foreman and
MliN B SUPERl NTENDE N'T
whose address could be obtained, but judging from
results, too late to interest prospective sttudents
for the fall term
Card board posters announcing tbe essential
facts of the three-year course and the summer
course in mining were prepared and sent to the
various mines in -'.he state.
From the inquiries received it is expected that a
few students will avail themselves of the opportunities
offered at the opening of the wdnter term.
2. A summer school course of six weeks errtirely
distinct from the above, intended for malure
men who already hold positions of authority
in mines, or have had some practical experience in
mining. Quiz classes will be organized for those
preparing for examination for certificates, and f

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
believe that it is tlie intention of the State Depart­
ment of Mines to hold an examination at the close
of the school for applicants eligible lor certificates.
This will bo only one feature of the- school: the
main feature will be the lecture courses on the
most vital topics in mining by the best authori­
ties in our own ancl other state? and practical and
experimental demonstrations in rescue work, mine
gases, dustt, etc. This might be described in two
words by calling it a "Mining Chautauqua." Ap­
paratus is being collected for this work and a
number of you who are present will be drafted foi
lectures or demonstrations along the line of your
specialties. The Bureau of Mines will also be
asked to assist.
Since Professor Zern has taken charge of the de­
partment the four-year course, leading to the de­
gree of B. S. in Mining Engineering is now being
offered and given, ancl as might be expected stu­
dents in civil engineering are taking electives in
mining as far as their courses will permit. The
course is outlined in the regular catalogue and
also in the Engineering Bulletin and need not be
described in detail. It should be said, however,
that before publishing this course of study the
courses in mining, offered at all the leading insti­
tutions in (be country were carefully investigated
and we believe that from the standpoint of coal
mining, our own curriculum has no superior.
EQUIPMENT.
Sime the opening of the session our shops have
been busy getting out a set of mine models de­
signed by Professor Zern.
A special room is being fitted up for the demonstrations
in rescue work and for demonstrating the
workings of various ivpes of
MINING MACHINERY.
This will be in good working order by the time
it is needed fcr tbe summer school.
DONATIONS.
Manufacturers ol mining machinery, mine opera­
tors and mining engineers have been exceedingly
generous and it is a pleasure to acknowledge valu­
able blue prints, photographs and framed pictures.
lantern slides, mine models, mining appliances and
equipment, mining literature and catalogues.
NEEDS OF Till: DEPARTMENT or MINING AMI THE
SCHOOL OF M INES.
In the foregoing pages you have had a descrip­
tion of some of the elements of strength of the
mining department. tt is only just, to you to be
shown the other side and to be fully acquainted
with its needs.
I. The course of study.
It should be frankly stated that from forty to
fifty students were expected to enroll in the short
courses in mining at the opening of the fall term.
None came ancl tbe prospects aie that only a few
A ill enter after tue holidays. This raises several
iiiestions: Has the right method been followed?
Is the course cutiined in the curricula adapted to
needs and capabilities of those who should avail
themselves of its opportunities? Should the
course be changed? Does the question of expense
prevent attendance'' Has Lime enough elapsed
since the establishment of the course to warrant
ihe expectation ol students? Should we continue
i hi? course and to advertise it? An additional
permanent member of the teaching staff has been
Iiromised espe .iaily for this work and can be got-
cen if needed.
The University belongs to the people of the state.
Its officers and teachers are servants of the people.
Those ot us who are trying to aid in developing
Ihe school ot mines are not working for personal
glory, but for the, good of the interests lo be ser-
w>d. Vour criticisms and
SUGGESTIONS ARE NEEDED
and your co-operation urged in order that this
school may lie so outlined and arranged that it
should be a real service to the mining interests and
o the state.
For (he summer school the outlook is much more
optimistic, though the result? will depend on the
interest and co-operation of the mining" fraternity.
Suggestions as to the methods employed and the
proper scope of tne cork would be most welcome.
Except that the number of students is small the
work that is being given in the regular four-year
course is fully up to the standard of our expecta­
tions. I have received unofficial information that
a movement i? en foot to establish a chair of
"Rescue Work' at the University, as a memorial
10 those who lost their lives at Monongah five
years ago. Such a memorial would 1. e highly ap­
propriate, as this unprecedented disaster in what
was then thought to be a model mine, marked the
real beginning of modern investigation into the
causes of explosions.
II. Building.
The mining department which has already been
installed is scattered throughout the various lab­
oratories of the College of Engineering, set up here
and there, in such available spaces as could be
found. Much of it can only be given a temporary
mounting while in actual use and must then be
laken clown ancl the space utilized for the ma-
chines that are next to be used. ( This does nol
necessarily mean an injustice to the student but
this makes instruction unnecessarily difficult).
In order to have facilities for growth, the De­
partment of Mining Engineering must have quar­
ters provided for its immediate and ultimate needs.
To provide these facilities there must be erected

either a new building, or an addition to the present
engineering building.
A drawing room properly fitted up with cases
lor mine maps, blue prints, catalogues and framed
pictures is needed for advanced classes in mine
design.
Special laboratories are needed:
1. For accommodating mine models, displays of
safety lamps, electric lamps, acetylene lamps, ex
plosives, fuses, chain cutters, coal punchers, drills
steel mine timbers, etc. This laboratory should
be equipped with electrical and
COMPRESSED .Mil
appliance? for operating working models and actual
mining machines. Manufacturers stand willing
to donate or loan much of such equipment but
the University must provide building room and
facilities for demonstration.
2. For mine rescue work ancl (he sdidy of gases,
dusts and explosives. Temporary quarters "nave
already been provided but something better is
needed.
3. For instruction in ceramics and metallurgy.
Work along these lines will not be undertaken
immediatelj but room for their development should
be provided.
In addition to the above several classes and lecture
rooms should be provided. The coal washing
and coking plants to be mentioned later would
be located at the railroad siding.
The legislature has been ask=d to make appropriation
for the extension to the building and I
have no doubt that favorable action will be taken
if the real needs of the department can be prop
erly brought to its attention.
III. Laboratory eqpipment.
(a) General engineering laboratories embracing
a power laboratory, including steam boilers,
steam engines, steam turbines, dynamos and motors,
air compressors, air motors, pumping machinery,
etc.; laboratories for testing materials;
an electrical laboratory and -veil equipped shops.
Laboratories with good working equipment along
these lines have already been provided and are in
operation. Appropriations have been asked for
to strengthen the weak places.
(b) A complete outfit for mine rescue training
and first, aid treatment. \ part of this equipment
is already on hand and it is expected that
the equipment will be completed by the first of
June.
(c) Equipmeni for (he study of explosives mine
gases ancl dusts. Some apparatus for this purpose
has already been provided and estimates have
been included in our
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
HECjUEST I OK APPROPRIATIONS
sufficient to establish a gooel working laboratory;
though perhaps not to provide as much apparatus
along this line as should be installed. The present
budget doe? not include an explosion tube, ancl
Ihe advisability of mating the installation considering
the close proximity of the Pittsburgh
plant is open to question.
(el) An experimental coal washing and coking
plant. This would include a coal washer, raw
and washed coal storage bins, several types of
coal washers, all necessary elevating and conveying
machinery, ancl a: the start at least three
waste heat bee-hive coke ovens arranged for piping
the gas to the University beating plant for utilization.
By-product oxen? with condensing ap
paratus should be installed later on. While primarily
for the purpose d instruction tnis plant
would be available to the operator? of the state,
who might at any time wish to test the coking
and fuel properties ot (heir coals. EsUmates for
this plant have not been included in requests for
appropriations.
le) A coal handling and conveying plant. This
will be installed in connection with the University
heating plant and will serve the double purpose of
lessening the cost of operation of that plant a?
well as affording opportunity for practical instruction.
Estima(es foi this installation have not
been included in the requests lor appropriations.
I I ) Drawings and mine models. Actual working
drawings and mine models are nearly as important
as text books and actual mining machinery.
We already have a fair collection and hope
that through the generosity of the mining engineers,
mine operators and manufacturers of mining
machinery. Ibis class of equipment will be
greatly strengthened.
(g) Actual mining machines, drills, etc., set
up and arranged foi practical demonstration. So
far these machines nave been provided by manufacturers
who have either donated oi loaned them
to the department. It is hoped that a large number
of additional machines may be secured in the
same way. Manufacturers will be solicited for
loan of the most modern types of their machines
especially for use during the summer school.
The University campus and State farm is underlaid
with the Upper Freeport coal. At the railroad
siding, where the erection of the coal washing,
and coking plant is contemplated the coal is
about 100 feet below the surface. A part of the
State farm is also underlaid with the Pittsburgh
coal, which lias been
MINED FOR LOCAL USE
for many years. This mine is about a mile away from
the University. This makes it possible to look

50
forward to the establishment of an experimental
mine at some time in the future.
You will note that the legislature lias been asked
to provide for the extension of the building occu­
pied by the College of Engineering, ancl tor ap­
paratus for mine rescue training and for the study
of mine explosives and gases, while manufactur­
er? and friend? are expected to provide drawings,
mine models and mine machines. Estimates for
the experimental eoal washing and coking plant.
and tbe coai handling plant and the explosive tube
as stated above have not been included in the re­
quest for appropriations for the reason that it was
thought that the building and other equipment
asked for was all that might be reasonably ex­
pected at this time. Perhaps tbe University au­
thorities have been too modest in their request,
if so it will doubtless be in the power of tbi? Insti-
lute to correct this error, M' it so desires.
In tbi? connection it might be wedl to mention
what other states are doing in the matter of providing
their state institutions with ihe requisite
facilities for instruction.
In the state of Alabama, which stand? fifth in
the production of coal, theie are two mining
school?, each of which is equipped wdth a strictlv
modern coal washing plant. In addition to this,
of course, there is a great amount of coal mining
equipment along other lines, but the coal washing
plants emphasize the value oi providing the means
for imparting a training in the- preparation of a
superior article of coal and coke, and in this mat-
ter West Virginia, which stands second in the coal
production, cannot afford to lag behind. The
state of Illinois has made most generous appro­
priations for the mining school at Urbana. This
institution *s prepared to train men along practi­
cally all modern lines preliminary to tbe mining
of coal. Illinois stands third in th" production
of coal. The School of Mines at Ohio State Uni­
versity and Pennsylvania State College have ex­
tensive building accommodations and likewise ex­
cellent equipment. The state o f Colorado has re­
cently established a complete ore milling ancl
cyaniding plant at its scute institution, in order to
stimulate economies in the production of its valu­
able mineral products and promote the general
prosperity of the state.
Many more instances < ould be given, but merely
enough are cited to show that other stales are
wisely making ample provisions for their mining
schools. West Virginia deserves and ought to
have an educational plant as good as (ha( of anv
other stafe. the vital question is how to make the
"ought to be" a reality.
The Bear Run Coal Co. has moved its headquar­
ters from Baltimore to Punxsutawney, Pa.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Mr. .J. W. While, engineering salesman for the
Jeffrey .Manufacturing Co.. located until recently
at their Athens. Ohio, offices has been transferred
10 Duluth, Minn. Mr. White will look after the
sales work of the company in the eastern part of
Minnesota. Northern Wisconsin, ancl the entire
Upper Peninsula of -Michigan, with headquarters
at 1905 East Superior street, Duluth. Minn.
Governor Carey of Wyoming, sent the tollowing
nominations to the senate, which went into execu­
tive session and confirmed them: State inspector
ot coal mines, District No. 1, Mr. George Blackner
of Uinta county. State inspector ot coal mines.
District No. 2, Mi. W. E. tones of Sheridan county.
Mr. B. (1. F, rm.ld has resigned from the Pitts­
burgh organization oc the General Electric Co. to
go with the Best Manufacturing Co. as sales man­
ager. Mr. Fernald is an efficienc salesman and
unite well known by the coal people.
Mr. George D. McClellan is now mine inspector
for South Dakota, having been appointed by
Governor Byrne. The term is two years. Mi.
McClellan has been a resident of the Black Hills
district for a number of years.
Mr. A. I.. Williams, of Wilkes-Barre. Pa., has
been appointed general counsel for the Susque­
hanna Coal Co., and its allied companies. Mr.
Williams ha? for some time been district counsel
for the company.
Mr. H. E. Goodman of the Goodman Manufac­
turing Go. recently returned to his headquarters in
Chicago after a two weeks' (rip to Panama. He
was accompanied by his young son, Howard.
Mr. Fred R. Thomas, formerly of Wilkes-aBrre,
Pa., has been appointed superintendent of all the
Northern Pacific's coal mines in Kings county,
Washington.
Mr. Curtis Snyder, master mechanic lor W. J.
Rainey in tin bower Connellsville region, has
tendered hi? resignation to take effect at once.
Mr. George M. Bowlby, treasurer of the Ameri­
can Coal Co., New York, was married March 12
to Miss Mai'gai et Knaus of Paterson, N. J.
General Superintendent D. S. Wolfe, for the
Lehigh Valley Coal Co., ancl Miss Lottie Seeley,
of Hazlefon. were quietly married recently.
Mr. Samuel Heilner, of Percy Heilner & Son,
accompanied by his wife and son, have sailed for
a two months' stay in Europe.

COAL LAND ASSESSSMENTS
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
IN WASHINGTON COUNTY.
The 38 coal companies now operating in Washington
county. Pa., own lands as follows, on which
the county commissioners have placed tax valuation
in the amounts given:
Atlas Coal Co., 1,903 acres. $224,644; Bessemer
Coke Co., 735 acres, $210,070; Bulger Block Coal
Co.. 529 acres, $95,800; Clyde Coal Co., 852 acres,
$300,000; Charleroi Coal Co.. 9,667 acres, $868,400;
Carnegie Coal Co., 1,155 acre?, $153,080; Diamond
Coal & Coke Co., 662 acres, $235,185; Ellsworth
Collieries Co.. 15,199 acres, $3,787,832; Greek Coal
Co., 51 acres, $20,000; H. C. Frick Coke Co., 4,589
acres, $1,270.')! 5; Hector Coke Co., 2,552 acres,
$486,765; Meadow lands Coal Co., 1,090 acres, $163,-
085: Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke
Co., 8,788 acres, $2,691,650; Mingo Coal Co.,
13,453 acres, $3,750,850: National Mining Co.,
5,189 acres. $781,900; John G. Patterson Co.. 4,679
acres. $710,015; Pryor Coal Co., 889 acres, $80,655;
Pittsburgh-Southwestern Coal Co., 815 acres, $71,-
180; Pittsburgh Coal Co., 87.460 acres, $12,887,305;
Pittsburgh & Washington Coal Co., 13,607 acres,
$2,316,115; Pittsburgh Standard Coal Go., 296
acres. $16,880; Pittsburgh & Eastern Coal Co.,
2,491 acres, $350,750; Pittsburgh & Erie Coal Co.,
1,574 acres, $192,500; Pittsburgh & New York Coal
Co., 9,291 acres, $405,990; Penobscot Coal Co., 459
acres, $32,535; Pittsburgh Seam Coal Co., 153
acres, $6,120; Pittsburg-Buffalo Co., 7,541 acres,
$1,051,484: Republic Iron & Steel Co., 1,769 acres,
$228,40'0; Star Coal Co., 333 acres, $74,705; J. H.
Sanford Coal Co., 452 acres, $68,600 Ten Mile Coal
Co., 998 acres, $52,110; United Coal Co., 568 acres.
$143,500; Verr.er Coal & Coke Co., 1.704 acres,
$239,450; Vesta Coal Co., 22.115 acres, $4,448,355;
Waverly Coal & Coke Co., 340 acres, $35,275; Wa­
bash Coal Co., 3,638 acies, $301,771:; Washington
County Coa! Co., 380 acres, $80,585: Wanner-Leon
ard Coal Co., 75 acres. $54,000.
The assessed valuation includes the improvements.
PRACTICAL MINERS' COURSE.
The college of Mines and Metallurgy, Kentucky
State University, Lexington, Ky., will inaugurate
a practical miners' course for miners, mine foremen
ancl managers May 19 and continue it to July
12.
Though the course is intended especially for
miners, mine foremen, and managers who desire
to improve their knowledge of the principles that
underlie correct methods of coal mining, it is also
open (o others who may wish to acquire some
knowledge of mining. The course is under the
direction of Professor C J. Norwood, Dean of the
College. Instruction will be given in:
1. Coal Mining.— (a) Tbe different systems
Laying out the- workings. Methods for thin and
thick and for dat ancl pitching seams. Management
of squeezes, etc. (b) Mining and blasting.
Various explosives. Evils from improper blasting.
Dangerous and sate methods. "Safety" powders.
.Machine mining. (•:•) Supporting excavations, including
the principles underlying timbering, the
different methods of timbering, computing the
strength of pillars, etc. (d) Ventilation. Methods
of obtaining ventilation a.id of coursing, splitling,
and regulating the current. Measuring the
ventilation: use of anemometer, water gauge, etc.
Study of furnaces and fans. (e) Haulage and
drainage. ( f) Sinking shaftb and slopes. Safety
appliances for shaft and slope mines.
2. Mine Gases and Testing.— (a) Nature and
origin of each. Indications of the presence ot
each. (b) Testing tor explosive and inexplosive
gases. Principle of the safety lamp, and various
types of such lamps. Use of safety lamps, etc.
The instruction in mine gases is illustrated with
experiments, and the effect of different percentages
of marsh ga? on ihe safety lamp (lame is shown.
3. Explosions ancl Fires.—The various causes.
Relation of coal dust to explosions, and management
of dust. Relation of blasting to coal dust
and other explosions. Demonstration of coal dust
explosion. Prevention of explosions. Causes and
management of fires.
4. Surveying and Map Drawing.—Use of compass
(or of transit, as the case may be); putting
up sights, marking off rooms at various angles,
grading track (use of level), laying out curves,
etc. Drawing the mine map Men may devoteall
of the course to surveying if tltery so desire.
5. Use of Mine Rescue Apparatus.—Different
types of apparatus. Practice in use of the oxygen
helmet, and of the "pulmotor" reviving apparatus.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has sold its coal dock
and fueling station at Amherstburg, Ont., to the
Mullen Coal Co. of Windsor. The entire plant
and equipment of the Amherstburg property was
taken over by tbe Mullen Coal Co., including
lighters, derricks and chutes, as well as the big
warehouse in connection. The Pittsburgh Coal
Co. will letain ils plant at Sandwich. Ont., which
is above Amherstburg on the Detroit river.
To the widow of Joseph E. Evans, of Scranton,
Pa., the first federal bureau of mines rescuer to
lose his life, $1,320, a year's salary, was sent by
the secretary ot the treasury on March 18. Evans
lost his life at Throop, Pa., in April, 1911, while
leading a rescue party.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN
Penn-Quemahouing Coal Co., Bayonne, N. J.;
capital, $5,000; incorporators, M. J. Person, Lewis
F. Hutmacher, Bethlehem. Pa.; Charles M. Allen,
Bayonne, N. J.; Stephen Robinson, Audubon, N.
J.; F. C. Simons, New York City.
Island Creek Colliery Co., Charleston, W. Va.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, J. M. Vest, of
Welch; P. A. Grady, of Roderfielcl, and Rtifus
Switzer. Fred C. Prichard ancl Thomas A. Wyatt,
of Huntington.
Noble Williams Coal Co., Scranton, Pa.; capital,
$3,00(1; incorporators, Joseph \X. Noble, Buffalo,
N. Y.: Charles S. [Snyder, Syracuse, N. Y.;
John R. William-, William F. McClurg, Buffalo,
N. Y.
Brush Creek Coal Mining Co., Punxsutawney,
Pa.; capital, $750,000: incorporators, Lucius W.
Robinson, B. M. Clark, F. H. Beck and J. W.
Brown, Punxsutawney, ancl Lewis Iselin. New
York.
Grace Coal Mining Co., Osceola Mills, Pa.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, S. B. Isenberg", G. W.
Minns and E. C. Trees, Osceola Mills; Robert
Wyatt, Morrisdale, and I. R. Somerville, Philipsburg.
Cleveland & West Virginia Coal Co., Cleveland,
O.; capital, $55,000; incorporators, D. F. Bevington,
C. F. Becker, L. E Bevington, A. C. Becker
ancl J. E. Matthews, all of Cleveland, O.
Rock Lick Coal Co.. Concho, W. Va.: capital,
$200,000; incorporators, Angus W. McDonald, V.
L. Black, O. P. Fitzgerald, John Wherle ancl L. G.
Summerfield, all ol Charleston, XV. Va.
George G. Smith Coal Mining Co., Hudson township,
Macon county, Mo.; capital, $5,200: incorporators,
George. G. and Annie Smith, A. H. Clark.
R. D. Cenley and J. P. McCanne.
Monroe Coal Mining" Co., Hoboken. N. .!.; capi­
tal, $5,00(1; incorporators, Otto R. Erklin, Hoboken, Drake Blue Gem Coal Co., Packard Ky.; capi­
N. J.; Charles A. lann, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa.; T. tal, $S,000; incorporators, T. B. Mahan, John
Franklin Logan, Towaco, N. J.
Goins ancl Frank Owens.
Leckie Collieries Co., Welch, W". Va.; capital,
$150,000; incorporators, Wm. Leckie, A. E. Jennings,
J. H. Williams, E. T. Sprinkle and J. F.
StroGier, all of Welch.
Columbia Coal & Coke Co., Salem, O.; capital,
$75,000: incorporators, Charles Estep, Windber,
Pa., John Reese, Scalp LeVel, Pa., and J. E. Morgret
of Pittsburgli.
Tennessee Coal & Coke Co., Nashville, Tenn.;
capital, $100,000; incorporators, John F. Walter,
L. N. Spears, W. D. Spears, George D. Lancaster
and M. O. Cate.
British Columbia Coal Co., Spokane, Wash.;
capital, $500,000; incorporators, J. H. Tilsley, B, F.
Tilsley, Henry Rising, Joseph McCarthy, Lester
P. Edge.
Hazel Creek Coal Co, Hazel Creek, Tenn.; capital.
$120,000; incorporators, C. C. Christopher, Lee
Brock, John H. Carpenter, A. R. Hill and L. A.
Power?.
Southern Ice & Coal Co., Nashville, Tenn.; capital,
$20,000; incorporators, James H. McGill, O. T
McCall, A. McCall, L. McCall and James H. Mc-
Call, Jr.
Somerset Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; capital, $10,-
(KIO; incorporators, George C, Jenkins, Edward
Hambleton, Baltimore; M. D. J. Dishrow, Philadelphia.
Shawtown Grain Co., Shaw town, O.; capitai, $10,-
000; incorporators, F. B, Brumley, W. S. Moorhead.
F. S. Robinson, B. J. Otte, and George B. Mulford.
Southern Coal, Coke & Mining Co., East St.
Louis. 111.: capital, $1,0(10,000; incorporators, W.
K. Kavanaugb, .1. Y. Lockwood ancl J. B. Kennard.
Little Black Creek Coal Co., Easton, Pa.; capital,
$1(1,000; incorporators, E. C. Rockafellow, E. M.
Rockafellow, R. W. Bowlby, Easton. Pa.
American Fuei Co., Pittsburgh; capital, $10,-
000; incorporators, E. F. McMillan, E. R. McMillan
and T. R. Roberts, Jr.. Pittsburgh.
Hazard Dean Coal Co., Hazard. O.; capital, $50,-
(100; incorporators, C. R. Lutrell, J. R. Jones, W.
R. Marsee, and Hiram H. Owens.
West, Kentucky Fuel Co., Hopkinsville, Ky :
capital, $5,000; incorporators, Paul Winn, Sam
Winn, and James Breathitt, Jr.
Nevling Coal Mining Co., Clearfield, Pa.; capital,
$24,000; incorporators, .1. B. Nevling, R. F,
Nevling and S. E. McLarren.
Loyalsock Coal Mining Co., Towanda, Pa.; eapiial.
$1(iu,n()0; incorporators, E. P. Young, F. C.
Overton and J. R. Overton.
Kentucky Jewel Goal Co., Hazard, Ky.; capital,
$5(1,0(10; incorporators, H. E. Bullock, D. C. Foley
and T. F. McConnell,
Donaldson-Grant Coal Co., Inc., Birmingham,
Ala.; capital, $5,000: incorporators, C. J. Grant and
J. M. Donaldson.
Hazard Coal Co., Louisville, Ky.; capital, $25,-
0(10; incorporators, Robert Wadekind, M. F. Evans
and W. G. Polk.
Cahaba Central Coal Co., West Bloeton, Ala;
capital, $20,000: incorporators, W. R. Young and
G. W. Randall.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
STRAY ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN COAL MINES 1
By C J. Norwood, Chief Department ol Mines of Kentucky.
I have no formal paper to present, nor even a
formal statement to make. But some information
has come to me that interests me as a mining
man, ancl that may interest you gentlemen, i
really had expected to bring the mattei up at a
"smoker," if we have one.
I have been very much interested, as a mine inspector
for the state, in the effort to get a powder
that may take the place; of "black powder" lor use
in our coal mines—one that is f;ee from the evils
of black powder. Of course, if we are to get a
safer powder that can successfully compete with
black powder, it must do as good work as black
powder, it must be as readily bandied, and it must
cost practically no more than black powder.
Some months ago a uew powder—not yet fully on
the market, I believe—came to my attention. It
is a loose, granular powder, ancl may oe handled
just as is black powdei; that is, it is made into
cartridges of any size by the miner just as is
black powder, and max be filed by a (use, or by a
squib, or by electricity. After having made some
investigations concerning it, I witnessed some experiments
made with it—tests intended to determine
the question of safety in handling it, and including
a friction test much more severe than
may be expected in tlie charging of a .-'hot-hole.
f then witnessed a number of tests made with it
in shooting coal in one of tne mines of the St.
Bernard Mining Co., at Earlington. Standing but
a short distance away from the face, 1 watched the
shots as they broke the coal, a thing that would
have been impossible it the case of black powder,
and noted the very short and fleeting flame made
by each shot, the excellent coal produced, and tbe
practically clear atmosphere left after shooting.
The ultimate cost per pound figured out to be about
the same as black powder. I was favorably impressed
with all 1 had learned and had seen, and
felt that a thorough, practical test of the powder,
such as would be given by its exclusive use in a
mine for 3b days or more, would be justified. The
St. Bernard Mining Co. undertook such a test,
setting aside two of its mines, lepresenting two
different, seams (No. 9 and No. 11), for Ihe purpose.
In each mine the coal is undercut by air
"puncher" machines, and the holes are drilled
by rotary drills making 1,000 revolutions per minute,
the usual depth of a hole being 4'- feet. Firing
is done with squibs. The main haulage is by
electric motor.
As I was advised by Mr. Frank D. Rash, vice
•Paper read before the Kentucky Mininc Institute. December
9, 1912.
president of the company, the work was proceeding
satisfactorily until one day (August 9) two
premature shots occurred in one of the mines (the
No. 11 seam), in different rooms, and about 30
minutes apart. In ihe first room several bole?
had been drilled. The shooter had loaded the
lower left rib hole, using a copper needle, had
lamped it, and withdrawn the neddle. Another
bole was then loaded with the same needle. After
an interval of a lew minutes the needle was inserted
into the first hole, to clear it for firing with
a squib, when the shot went off while the shooter
was holding the needle, heaving the coal down in
good fashion. 'Che sliooeer was at the side of
ihe hole, within about 18 inches of the face, but
was not hurt; be simply felt the jar. Six other
men were in tbe room, near the face, but no one
was hurt. In tne second room the top hole on
the left rib had b. en loaded, a copper needle being
used. The sriuib failed to fire tlie powder', and
the needle was inserted to clear the hole. When
the needle reached the powder, the latter went
off, heaving out the coal. The shooter, who was
inserting the needle, had iiis arm jarred, but wa.-j
not injured. The men thought they couid account
for the premature shots in ordinary ways, and
went on with their work, but on August 28 a third
premature shot occurred, this time in a room-neck.
In this case the shooter held the cartridge (about
12 inches long i in his left hand, inserted his copper
needle into it about 4 to (I inches, then placed
it in the lower right rib hole and pushed it back
toward the bottom of the hole; wnen it neared
the bottom of the hole it exploded, throwing the
eoal out about 3 feet. The shooter's hand was
badly lacerated, and he was severely bin not dangerously
burned. The driller, about 10 feet away.
was not nurt. Upon the occurrence of this third
premature shot, .Mr. Rash at once stopped all use
of the powder, and put the case up to the manufacturers.
Just here, gentlemen, you will observe
that condition? were uniquely favorable lor an
intelligent investigation as to ihe causes of the
premature explosions; the men still lived, all but
one uninjured in any way, to tell precisely wdiat
had happened. Had black powder been used,
not a man would "nave lived to tell the tale, and the
usual explanation would have been accepted. Nov.
I do not wisli to be verbose, and my purpose is
not to advocate any special powder, but simply to
bring to your attention certain important facts developed
in the investigation undertaken by the
manufacturers to account for the premature explosions
of their powder. Consideration of the

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
latter is. in a way. simply incidental, though
necessary. The facts developed are of interest
to us without regard to the particular powder.
Therefore i will not undertake to tell of all the
tests to which the powder was submitted while
the manufaetu: ers were seeking an explanation oi
ihe explosions. It is sufficient to say that they
?ati?fied themselves that the explosions were not
due to any chemical reaction in the powder itself,
or to a spark caused by "sulphur," or to any fire
in the hole, or to friction, and so on. Finally, it
was thought that in some way electricity might
have exploded the powder, ancl Prof. H. B. Dates.
of the Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland.
Ohio, was called upon to assist in tbe investiga­
tion. Prof. Dates visited the mine and. with the
proper instruments,imade tests to ascertain whether
there were any stray currents or other electrical
conditions in tbe places where tbe premature ex
plosion? occurred that might have been concerned
in the latter. I have a copy of his report, but its
length preclude?, my reading it to j on. He found
stray currents in the coal itself, and in at lea?t
one instance of sufficient value of potential to,
under the proper combination of conditions, have
ignited the powder, or even black powder. In
order that you may understand the readings re­
ported by him, I will say that the coal, which is
six to seven feet thick, has two thin dirt bands,
one about IS or 20 inches below the roof and one
about two feet above the floor, like this (on black­
board) ; it also carries ?orne thin, irregularly
placed, horizontal "sulphur" veins, usually only
a few inches in length. You will recall that the
haulage is electric. Also that a copper needie
was always in evidence; that the first ancl second
explosions occurred while such a n?edle was being
inserted into the holes, and that in tbe third case
the cartridge was on a copper needle, part of the
needle of course coming in contact with the coal.
The rail? are used as the return tor the current.
The compressed-air pipe, to wdiich is attached the
wire-wrapped hose for the punchers and drills, was
said (as reported by Prof. Dates) to be bonded
to the rails. Tests were made in several rooms
including of course those in which the premature
shots occurred, also at the face of one of the en­
tries, and were conducted on two days. Readings
of potential were obtained many (imes on both
days between points on the coal and the floor, and
between the air-pipe and the coal. Also, in sev-
i'ral instances readings were obtained between
points in shot-holes and the floor. In all cases
cited here a high resistance instrument was used.
Points on the floor ancl air-pipe were positive to
those on the coal.
Maximum potential readings obtained in rooms
0 and 7 (faces about 200 feee in from the entry j
on entry east 18 were as follows:
Volt.
Between floor and upper dirt band 0.75
Between floor and lower dirt band 0.50
Between floor and sulphur vein 1.29
Between floor and point in shot-hole 0.50
When the Lests were made these rooms were
"beyond the point to which tbe locomotive runs
and outside tlie direct path to the power house.
except in so far as the rails in entry E. 18 in­
fluence the path cf the return currents."
In room 13 on entry W. 18 (face about 10 feet
in from entry), "potential readings could be ob­
tained at practically all points on the face of the
coal and on the side walls of the room." The
tollowing are "typical of '.hose obtained on both
days, and repeated many times on both days," be­
tween the air-pipe and points on the coal seam:
Volt.
Approximately 2 inches below roof 0.5
Approximately 2 inches above upper dirt band, 2.0
fin upper dirt band 2.0
Approximately 2 inches below upper dirt band, 1.0
Midway between upper and lower dirt bands. . 1.8
Approximately 2 inches above lower dirt band. 2.0
On lower dirt baud 2.9
Approximately 2 inches below lower dirt band, 0.8
Approximately 2 inches above floor 1.3
On floor at foot of coal face 1.0
Potential readings of similar value were also
obtained in room 14 of entry W. 18, and at the
face of the entry; also between points near the
rear of shof-holes and Cue floor at those places.
Prof. Dates observes: 'Rooms 13 and 14 are
in a more or less direct line from the end of th 1
locomotive run to the power house, and the rails
in W. 18 are so situated as to aid the currents to
take a return path through this part of the mine."
He also ?ays: "At times very high readings
were observed. The conditions producing these
high readings were temporary and evidently of
short duration, as evidenced by the fact that such
values were obtained only oyer very limited peri­
ods ot time, often not exceeding a few seconds."
For room 13, W. IS. he reports that "a reading of
25 volts was observed between air-pipe and lower
dirt seam: several of 12 volts ancl one of 10 volts
between floor and lower dirt seam." The varia­
tion in (he values of potential differences from
time to time between the floor and coal are "ac­
cording to the position of the locomotive and the
operation of oilier apparatus "
Here we have demonstration of the fact that a
difference as high as 25 vjlts may occur. Was
that sufficient to fire the powder? And if such

voltage is sufficient to tiro this powder, will it fire
black powder also'.'
This question was at once taken up by Mr. W.
C. Waddell. electrical engineer, with the oo-operation
of Pro 1 '. Dates, in the lattcr's laboratory, and
some interesting results were obtained. It wa?
demonstrated (hat it was impossible to fire either
the powder under investigation or black powder by
an electric spark with a voltage as low as If) volts
unless the value of current be high, exceeding 25
amperes; bat that "with a low value of current
and a fairly high value of voltage I 15 to 30 volts I
the 'spark' becomes an 'arc'," by means of which
either the powder in question or black powder
"may easily be fired," It was concluded, after
considering all the results obtained in the experiment?,
with different combinations of voltage and.
amperage, that "a fair average" of the current required
to rire the powder under investigation
would be 25 volt? and 0.30 ampere; and to fire
black powder It would be 25 volt.? and 0.35 am
pere. Mr. Waddell "found that with a high resistance
in the current there musl have been al
least 0.30 ampere present to get a reading of 25
volts"—a reading that was obtained in the No. 11
mine.
Now. gentlemen, the results of this investigation
were new to me, and I have brought the mailer
to vour attention thinking that it may be new
to some of you. i understand that the Pittsburgh
station is inti rested in the matter also.
It seems to me well worth your e-onsideration.
especially those of you who have electricity in
your mines. We ail know that men have been
killed while loading or needling out shot-boles.
we know about "premature shots with black powder,
but as a rule we have not known just what
caused them—the man has not been here to gn e
information. "We have made the same guesses for
"electrified" mines as have served for (hose no:
using electricity. But it appears that, in mines
that are "electrified" stray currents may occur in
the coal seam, and that it is possible for such a
current to fire black- powder. With the rapid
growth in the use of electricity in mines there
appears to be an increase of clanger that some
of us may not have thought of. I think it is important
that we shall consider this, and be on the
lookout for stray currents in the coal that may be
sufficient to explode black pewder. This is all I
have to say.
The J. & J. B. Miiholland Co., Pittsburgh, will
install electrically operated equipment to displace
a gravity system at the Patterson mines, near
Glassporf, Fa., of the United Coal Co. The new
equipment is designed to handle 40 cars at a time
instead of two cars as under the present system.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
RECENT, COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
THE COAL TRADE Bi'i.i.i-rnx, by Joseph M. Nesbit,
Patent Attorney, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
from whom printed copies may be procured for
15 cents each:
Adjustable shoe for mining machines, C. E.
Rogers, Logan, W. Va.: 1,052,517.
Igniting device for miners' safety-lamps. Paul
Wolf. Zwickau, Germany; 1,052,7S3.
Gravity coal screen and bin. Spencer Otis, Chicago,
111., assignor to Gravity Coal Bin Co.; 1,-
1152,940.
Electric locomotives tor coal cars for use in
mining. L. E. Armentrout, Borderland, W. Va.;
1,053,144.
Oscillating slate picker, J. T. Norman. Nanticoke,
Pa., assignor to Norman Picker Co., same
place; 1,953,858.
Separator. F. C. Nicholas, New York, N. Y., assignor
to United Mining & Trust Co., Wilmington,
Del.; 1,053,855.
Well drill w rem h. \V. R. Osborne, Palestine, and
G. F. Lebus, Eleetra, Tex.: 1.053,931.
Train coaling station, C. C. Brackett, Chicago,
lib: 1.053,272.
Check holder for mine cars, O. E. Dickson, Herminie,
Pa.; 1,054,514.
Apparatus for utilizing coke oven heat (2), E.
(', Morgan, Chicago, 111., assignor to Titlow Waste
Heat Power Co., Uniontown, Pa.; 1,054,859 and
1.(154,800,
» RETAIL TRADE NOTES *
At the annual meeting of the Chicago Coal
Dealers' Association the following officers were
elected for tbe ensuing year: President, Wm. D.
Elmstrom; vice president, Homer D. Jones; secretary-treasurer,
A. J. Bunge: directors, H. S. Richardson.
Ed. Kleintnberg, C. H. Chase, I,. R. Rutter,
R. H. Gruschow. ancl F. W. Atwill.
The name of the Retail Coal Dealers' Association
of the New England States has been changed
to Coal Dealers of New England, Inc.. by virtue
of authority conferred upon the executive committee
by recent annual convention in Boston.
The Yorkvillc Coal Co., of 1741 First avenue,
New York City, has filed a petition in bankruptcy.
Its liabilities are stated at $20,269: assets
$3,850.
There were IS fatal and 118 non-fatal accidents
in tne coal mines of Tennessee during 1912, according
to State Mine Inspector George E. Sylvester.

66 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Proposed Anthracite Mining Code, Etc.
( e o.N'l IMIED l'liOM PAGE 20)
law of 1891. It contains two important new provision.
Section 2 provides that 'A miner, whether
using black powder, high explosives or permissible
explosives, shall tamp the hole complete to the
mouth irrespective of whether it is fired by electricity,
fuse or squib, and in charging the hole
iie shall only use one kind of explosive in the same.'
Section 3 provides that 'A miner who is preparing
to explode a blast with the use of fuse shall
at all times cut the fuse of sufficient length that it
shall protrude at least six inches outside of the
hole, and that said fuse shall be lighted at the extreme
end and so as to give the miner ample time
to reach a place of safety.'
"These two sections were prepared to safeguard
life from blasts as a large numiier of fatal accidents
occur from this cause.
"Article 25, Emergency hospital. This is nearly
a copy of the law of 1891.
"Article 26, Rescue and first aid corps. This
is a new article and is not covered even in the
Bituminous law of 1911, but it is of
GREAT IMPORTANCE,
as it will bring all the companies to the same
standard and to use the same methods of safeguarding
and rescuing people from, danger.
"Article 27, Ambulance and stretchers. This is
somewhat similar to the law of 1891.
"Article 28, Regulations for explosives and detonators.
This is a new article defining how explosives
and detonators shall be cared for and handled,
and, in my opinion, will be the means of saving
life.
"Article 29. Weight of black powder. This is
similar to the law of 1891.
"Article 30, Regulations for oil. This is another
new article which was greatly needed so as
to control the use of illuminants, and also how they
shall be stored.
"Article 31, Code of signals. This is new and
was needed so as to have a uniform code of signals
in the Anthracite mines.
"Article 32, Boilers and connections. Is about
the same a c ' in the act of 1891.
"Article 33, Inside stables and buildings. This
is also a new article, which will prevent mine fires
in any buildings inside of anthracite mines.
"Articles 34 and 35, Wash houses and employment
of females and miners. Are about the same
as in the act of 1891. except the change in ages.
"Article 36. Special rules. This is entirely new.
It defines the duties of hoisting engineer, of a fireman,
of a headman, of a footman, of a furnaceman,
of an engineer, of a motorman, or a locomotive engineer,
and of a driver. If these people attend to
their several duties as provided for. it will be the
means of reducing accidents.
"Article 37, General rules. Are somewhat similar
to the rules in the act of 1891, with a few additional
ones.
Article 38, Inquests. Is about the same as that
found in the law of 1891.
"Article 39, Location of mine and jurisdiction
of courts. This is new, but was somewhat covered
by the act of 1891.
"Article 40, Records, forms and printed matter.
This is entiiely new. It piovides that the
DEPARTMENT OF JUNES
shall furnish all books, blanks and printed matter
provided in (he act.
"Article 41, Penalties. Reads nearly like the
article of the same purport in the act of 1891.
"Article 42, Employer's liability. This is entirely
new in the mining law. It reads nothing
in this act shall be taken or constiued to in any
manner repeal, by implication or otherwise, an
act entitled 'An act extending and defining the liability
of employei s, in action for negligence, for
injury or death of their employes; declaring what
shall not be a defense in such actions by employes
against their employers and defining who areagente
of the employer, under this act,' approved. June 10,
1907."
The minority code differs in many essential features
from that prepared by the majority members
of the commission. This minority code is
backed by the United Mine Workers and according
to its advocates, has received the approval of the
Federal Bureau of Mines. A conspicuous difference
between the codes is in the manner of selecting
mine inspectors. Whereas the majority code
makes the position of mine inspector appointive
with the governor as the appointive power, the
minority code recommends that the present elective
system prevail.
Liability for accidents is transferred almost entirely
from the foremen to the companies according
to the minority code. The duties of the mine
foreman are greatly extended by this code, he
being given certain inspection prerogatives now
held by the mine inspector. The foreman is compelled
to examine each working every night. By
this code the question of electricity in mines is
gone into, but unlike the other code, no steadfast
rule is laid down for operation by electricity.
The Erie & Northern railroad of Ontario, Can.,
is said to be perfecting plans for a new and more
direct route for bituminous coal into Canadian
markets by building new lines of car ferries from
Erie to the north shore of Lake Erie, and reaching
the Titusville and Franklin coal fields, which
it is proposed to tap for the Canadian market.

Martial Law Continues In West Virginia.
(CONTINUED l-HO.U PAGE 24)
Virginia would be to put the mine industry under
the control of this hostile organization.
There are now at work on Cabin Creek 1,600
men and the tonnage for the month of March up
to ancl including the 22nd was 110,000 tons, and
this does not include the mines on the Coal river
extension of Cabin Creek branch which are running
regularly and producing at least sixty per
cent, of their normal output. On Paint Creek
there are some 900 men at work and the tonnage
for the part of March was 42,000 tons. The United
Mine Workers are controlled by the competitors
of West Virginia. It is an unincorporated
irresponsible organization, wdiich does not keep its
contracts. It is an outlaw in its methods. It
has made war on the state of West Virginia, and
is threatening further
VIOLENCE AND DESTRUCTION.
As exemplified in this state, it is a disgrace to organized
labor.
There are only about 300 unemployed men in the
Paint Creek, Cabin Creek and Coal River fields,
and they are paid by the United Mine Workers to
remain idle.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
CABIN CHEEK COM ASSOCIATION,
By M. T. Davis.
PAINT CREEK COAL ASSOCIATION,
By Quinn Morton.
March 24 Gov. Hatfield ordered home Company
M, Second Regiment, and the troops had hardly
left the scene until a fan house of the Paint Creek
Collieries Co. was burned and 40 men weie caught
in the mine, but finally made their escape.
March 26 after a conference with Gov. Hatfield
President White gave out a letter he addressed to
Gov. Hatfield setting out his proposition to settle
the strike controversy in the Kanawha valley and
prevent a state-wide strike, which he says will result
unless the proposition offered is accepted.
The text of President White's letter to Gov. Hatfield
is:
"Dear Sir:—There has existed in the Paint
Creek and Cabin Creek mining district for the
past several months an industrial conflict of great
magnitude. The miners are engaged in this struggle
to better their conditions of employment and
to try to secure that wdiich is conceded them under
the laws of tho state of West Virginia, namely, the
right to belong to a labor organization without discrimination,
the semi-monthly pay day; the selection
of check weighmen to secure honest weights:
to have their coai weighed and that 2.000 pound?
shall constitute a ton.
"Aside from the question of wages involved in
this district, these fundamentals are accorded the
miners hy law, yci the state has spent during this
period, so I am informed, more than $300,000 in
ihe use ot its military in the maintenance of martial
law, and probably the great public does not
understand that the things above teferred to were
enacted into law for the protection of the miners.
ancl many no doubt are under the impression that
these laws are fulfilled and the miners are receiving
that which was contemplated by law, but such is
not the case, except in those parts of the Kanawha
district and elsewhere wdiich are covered by jointagreement
between the operators and miners and
tlie very lowest wages prevailing in the unorganized
fields together with the evils of the commissary
owned and controlled by the coal companies
make the conditions of the miners most deplorable.
"I suppose there is no question as to the ability
of either party to the dispute to continue this
struggle indefinitely until one or the other gains,
and realizing as we always do that the public is
concerned in these disputes and that if we are to
prevent this industrial conflict from becoming
state-wide we must take prompt action in order
that onr position may be known and that the public
may thoroughly understand who is responsible
for the condition that might obtain, and in the
interest of industrial peace we offer the following
proposition:
"As a solution of the situation, that the operators
whose mines are now affected by the strike
shall agree:
"First, that there shall be no discrimination
against mine workers for joining the organization,
and al). employes shail return to work.
"Second, to the establishment of the nine-hour
work day which shall apply to all classes of labor
in and around the mines.
"Third, to the semi-monthly pay clay.
"Fourth, that the miners at any mine shall be
given the right lo select a clerk and weighman,
and in accordance with the state law all coal shall
be weighed and 2,000 pounds shall constitute a
(on.
"Fifth, that there shall be a joint commission
consisting of five representatives trom each side,
each side to choose its own members. The duties
of this commission will be to adjust the wages
of all men employed at clay work in and around the
mines, determine the mining prices, yardage, etc..
and endeavor to arrive at an equitable competitive
basis and to provide rules and methods for
ihe adjustment ot disputes between the employes
and the coal companies.
"In order to avoid any failure to agree a board
of arbitration consisting of three members shall
he created, one member to be chosen by (he opera-
(ors' side of the commission and one by the miners'
side. Those two to select the third member who

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
must be a disinterested party and a non-resident
of the state.
" 'The board of arbitration shall meet with the
commission and any question that tbe commission
is unable to agree upon shall be referred to said
board of arbitration for settlement, whose decision
shall be final ancl binding on all parties.' The
findings of this commission shall date from th j
time work is resumed and continue in effect until
April 1, 1916.
"Respectfully.
"JOHN P. WHITE.
"President of United Mine Workers of America."
It was announced March 2S that as a result o;
a conference held by the mine owners and their
superintendents m the New Ri\er ancl Virginian
districts, all non-union, a nine-hour clay will be
inaugurated April 1. These districts are outside
the strike zone.
\bout 50 per cent, of the mines also will adopt
the two-weeks' pay day. At many of the mine?
the miners do not desire it. contending that with
monthly pay thej can save more by making deposits
in bank? whib if they received it in smaller
amounts they will spend it. Tbe question of
check weighmen also will lie left to tbe miners.
It was learned also that at seveial mines the men
were satisfied with < ondition? and prefer not to
change, which would require them to pay the check
weighman. No change from gioss to net tonnage
will be made in these districts.
West Virginia Companies Merged.
Mr. W. P. Hursi of Scottdale Pa., announces the
merger of five coal properties in the Tygarts valley
of West Virginia. The companies control 21.-
000 acres of coal. A new company to be known
as the Meriden Coal & Coke Co.. with $3,500,000
capital, is being formed to operate the property.
The present capacity is 1,200.000 tons of coal per
year.
YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
CAN get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
(The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
^ Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
; Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
; Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
PROGRAM FOR MINING MEETING OF THE
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERS, PITTSBURGH, APRIL 18, 1913.
The program for the meeting of the A. I. of E.
E. to le held in Pittsburgh. April 18-19, is:
FlilUAY.
9 A. M.—Registration, Convention headquarters.
10 A. M.—Opening address by President Ralph
D. Mershon. A. 1. E. E. At the close of the
president's address, the following papers v ill be
presented.
Purchased Power in Coal Mines, by H. C. Eddy,
American Ga? & Electric Co., New York City.
Central Station Power for Mines, by J. S. Jenks.
assistant general manager West Penn Traction &
Water Power Co.. Pittsburgh.
Safeguarding the Use of Electricity in Mines.
1 y H. H. Clark. United States Bureau of Mines.
Pittsburgh.
Electricity as Applied to Milling, by J. W. Hopwood,
master mechanic United Coai Co., Pittsburgh.
Centrai Station Power for Coal Mines, by C. W.
Beers, electrical engineer. Lehigh Valley Coal Co..
Wilkes-Barre.
Alternating Current -Motor? for the Economic
Operation of Mine Fan?, by F. B. Crosby. General
Electric Co.. Schenectady, N. Y.
A Dutch dinner will be served at the Fort Pitt
Hotel at i; P. M. At this dinner a few brief
exercises will lie held including some short addresses,
which will conclude promptly at S o'clock.
SATURDAY.
lb A. M.—Characteristics of Sub-Station Loads
tit the Anthracite Collieries of the Delaware &
Lackawanna Railroad Co., by H. M. Warren and
A. S. Biesecker, Scranton, Pa.
Mining Load for Central Stations, by Wilfred
Sykes, ancl Graham Bright, of the Westinghouse
Electric & Mfg. Co.. Pittsburgh.
The question B..x is intended to afford a means
of communicating topics tor discussion by those
who do not care ;o participate in person. Anyone
desiring tc, 1 ring up for discussion any point
in connection with the use of electricity in mines
i? cordially invited to send in iheir communications
to the secretary or place it in the box in person.
It i? hoped b> t.tis mean? to bring forth a
discussion of the various phases of this subject
which would probably noi be possible if the interested
persons were forced to make the suggestion
in open debate. Tbe chairman will read the
questions (ancl the names of those asking them
onlv if same i? desired), ancl will request various
persons present at tbe meeting who are best qualified,
to answer them.
The headquarters of the meeting will be at the
Fort Pitt Hotel.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
^^TTRFoLTre^irrc^ COAL
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708-2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Practically all of the contracts have been let
lor the improvements at the Charleroi coal mine
by the Carnegie Coal Co., and June 1 is the time
set for the working to be started. The John Eiehleay,
Jr., Co. of Pittsburgh has been awarded the
contract of building the tipple. The Dravo Contracting
Co. of Pittsburgh is at work on the ne*v
opening at the mine. The new tipple will be
built of steel, ancl will be approximately 600 feet
long, built for railroad shipping only. The tipple
will be 54 feet above the ground at the highest
point.
FOR SALE
4.000 acres of tested coal property in a body in
Southern Ohio, on rail transportation Apply,
WILLIAM ALTON, JR., Bigelow Block, Chicago.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, In
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
Located in the famous Southern
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and
of unsurpassed quality and quantity,
with excellent shipping facilities.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
A. bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre Haute, lnd.
FOR SALE.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
FOR SALE.
We have in stock for immediate delivery, the
following hoisting engines:
4 Pairs of 8" x 10."
4 Pairs of 10" x 12."
4 Pairs of 12" x 16."
Write for prices and description.
THE EXETER MACHINE WORKS,
Pittston, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis' of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMEBICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville R. R., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Madisonville, Ky.
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
Ihe names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

IGNITION OF MINE GASES BY
FILAMENTS OF INCANDESCENT LAMP.
"The Ignition of Mine Gases by the Filaments
of Incandescent Lamps," is the title of Bulletin
No. 52, which has just been issued by the United
States Bureau of Mines.
The authors, H. H. Clark and L. C. Ilsley, make
the following general statement:
"As part of its investigations ol the causes of
mine accidents and of the safest and most efficient
methods of handling electricity underground, the
Bureau of Mines undertook a study of the ignition
of mine gases by the filaments of electric incandescent
lamps. This bulletin describes the investigation
in detail and gives a complete record
of the results obtained.
"The investigation was undertaken for the purpose
of determining the degree of danger that
attends the use of certain specific sizes of incandescent
lamps in atmospheres containing inflammable
gas. Previous investigators have, to a
greater or less extent, been concerned with certain
theoretical features of the problem, such as
the effect of the temperature and the dimensions
of the lamp filaments, and the question whether
a lamp may ignite gas by the heat of its glowing
filament or by the spark that is drawn when the
filament is broken. Although these features were
considered in the present invsetigation and are
briefly discussed in this bulletin, the principal
object of the tests was to determine what sizes of
incandescent lamps suitable for mine use would
ignite explosive mixtures of mine gas and air,
and what were the circumstances most effective in
causing such ignition.
"The results of the investigation may be generally
summarized as follows:
"The naked carbon filaments of standard lamps,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
burning at rated voltage, will invariably ignite
explosive gaseous mixtures.
"If gas can reach the filaments of standard
lamps without breaking the filaments of producing
partial combustion within the bulbs, the
explosives gaseous mixture is sure to he ignited.
"Several sizes of both standard and miniature
lamps, when smashed while burning at rated volt'
age, will ignite gas.
"Standard lamps that do not usually ignite explosive
gaseous mixtures may do so if the broken
pieces of the filament cause a short ciicuit when
the lamps are smashed."
Copies of this bulletin may be obtained by addressing
the Director, Bureau of Mines, Washington,
D. C.
NECROLOGICAL
Dr. Friedrich Schniewind, one of the leading authorities
in by-product coke ovens of this country,
died in Englewood, N. J., recently, following an
operation for appendicitis. Dr. Schniewind was
born in Germany 52 years ago and came to this
country at the age of 28. He was educated at
Heidelberg, where he received a degree of Ph.D.
As a chemical engineer he gained great prominence
from his numerous discoveries pertaining to
by-product coke ovens, among the most interesting
of which was the adoption of these ovens to the
serving of illuminating gas. He established the
first installation of this character at Boston in
1897.
Work on the Beaver deek extension of the
Chesapeake & Ohio railroad, running from mouth
of Beaver 30 miles up the creek valley will start
this date.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUj
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C O r* A V
PENNSYLVANIA.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
-- — » - . - ~ - - — - — - — • -
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE pni/c
FOUNDRY fi j K T
CRUSHED UUIXLl
GENERAL OFFICES: - - - - GREENSBURG, PA.
j A6MB GOAL MINING GOMPANY, {
J GREENSBURG. PA. ;
5 MINERS AND SHIPPERS J
S ACME AND AVONDALE S
I HIGH GRADE STEAM GOALS,
S MINES, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. $
* SLIGO BRANCH B. A A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R. 5
S C. J. RENWICK, Sales Agent, Prudential Building, BUFFALO, N. Y. !
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j LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, |
S LATROBE, PA.
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| H iGH G RftDE ,S TEHM @*L |
| e©NNELLSYILLE e©KE. j
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APOLLO
APOLLO
OOAL CO.
COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
^APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL !
« MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF *
IJ AND 5
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN ;
CO A L . |
5 ; GENERAL OFFICES: - - - GREENSBURG, PA. § 5
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GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, APRIL 15, 1913 No. 10
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance 'telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE COAL TKVDF IS BEOOVEMNG FUOM THE EFFECTS
'IF THE FLOOD of the early part of the month and
conditions are becoming normal to just the ex­ of railroads and other large- consumers have found
tent of the resumption of traffic by the railroads
throughout the central competitive field and the
lower Mississippi valley. Some mines that were
flooded by the high waters are practically un-
watered and are being cleaned up preparatory to
a resumption of operations. These things have
had a tendency to curtail production to a certain
extent and further to stiffen prices in all markets
and to keep the trade steadier than otherwise
might be the case. In some districts the after-
flood situation has somewhat curtailed car and
labor supply, but not to the extent of being calami­
tous.
Lake shipments were affected by the floods and
a considerable delay in the full opening of the
boating season is likely to result. The lights
and buoys are to be put in service this date and
insurance on bottoms is effective at the same time.
In addition to this the railroads that had put an
embargo on coal unless the shipper announced the
charter of his vessel, have raised the embargo
and will accept coal without any condition. There
is a smaller supply on head of lakes docks, it is
reported, than usual, and this probably will, result
in an effort to get coal to upper ports as rapidly
as possible.
In the Pittsburgh distiict mines have been han­
dicapped by the flood because of shipping condi­
tions and the production has been below the aver­
age level for this season of the year. Loaded
cars in transit have nut reached destination as
promptly as they might and consequently empties
have not returned as quickly as will be the case
when railroads are back at their normal condition.
While these things have been drawbacks, there
is one thing that has kept the producers in good
humor and that is the absolute steadiness of
prices. There isn't a single whisper of any­
thing but card rates and even purchasing agents
this out, for they have been compelled to pay ten
cents per ton more for their contractual supplies
than during the preceding year. Ail efforts to
get coal at last year's prices failed, and the con
tracts finally were closed at the advanced figures.
Card prices, strictly maintained, aie: $1.30 to
Sl.fO for run-of-mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50 lor three-
quarter coal; $1.50 to $1.60 for inch and one-quar­
ter coal, and 90 cents to $1 for slack.
Coke production took a drop during the early
part of the fortnight, due to the floods, but for
Ihe last week for which figures are available it
picked up again and is nearer to normal. Some
coke was loaded in cars and was held up, with
the result that bargain hunters bobbed up, but
without avail. The outlook in the steel and iron
trades continues good and manufacturers of coke
therefore are not curtailing their tonnage beyond
what conditions over which they have no control
compel. As they are working their plants stead­
ily they also are almost a unit in maintaining
prices that mean a profit. Offers of lower than
card rates are turned down flat and the coke stands
in cars on track rather than move it at a price

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
below that fixed as profitable. Prices aie held
firmly at $2.50 to $2.75 for furnace coke and $3.50
to $:'..75 for foundry coke.
The anthracite trade is going along at a steady
pace and mines are producing an average tonnage.
Figures now available show that March production
was constantly less than one year ago, but still
was comfortably large. The tonnage figures for
this month, when it is ended ol course, will show
a big gain, but as the suspension of work lasted
all of April, 1912. it can be seen the gain to be
ol any significance must le made over the total
of 1911. All ovei the country wholesale and
retail dealers have announced the reduction men
lioned in our last issue and the consumer is get­
ting the benefit. Even at the lower figure there
are some buyers who are holding off in filling their
requirements, and these consumers probably will
regret this ere the hot weather lias passed and is
hut a memory. Considerable anthracite is afloat
on the lakes and efforts are making to get it for­
ward as rapidly as possible. Prices are at cir­
cular figures announced April 1.
TABLES ARE PRINTED IN THIS ISSUE shewing the
production of both anthracite and bituminous in
Pennsylvania, hy companies, for the year 1912.
These tables have been an annual feature of THE
COAI, TRADE BULLETIN for several years, and are the
first definite announcement of the tonnage in this
shape. XVe believe they will prove interesting
and valuable to our readers and, when taken in
connection with the tables of other years form a
record worth preserving. Comparison with the
figures for 1911 shows hut iittle change in position
among the first fifteen huge bituminous compa­
nies, although one or two have reversed their
ran k.
* * *
Ah i n HAS BEEN PRINTED \\U WRITTEN LATELY
about the matter ol protecting coal mines through
wdiich gas and oil wells have been or are being
drilled, and proposed laws governing the protec­
tive measures are now before the public. But,
as these laws arc only in embryonic state, the
troubles must he adjusted in the courts, and in
line with this action has been instituted by the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. in the courts of Washington
county to protect its property. While this is
only one of a number of similar suits that have
been instituted from time to time, it is of peculiar
interest, because of the fact that it is the first one
i-tarted since Ihe conference at which a proposed
method of protect ing properties was arrived at.
Its outcome will be watched closely by the trade,
as the decision of the court may have its effect on
the proposed laws.
* * *
OKLAHOMA HAS A NEW MINING LAW that becomes
effective July 1. It requires that coal be prop-
• rly undercut before it is shot. Its operation
will be watched with interest, as it probably means
more marketable coal of larger size. Just what
it will mean in the way of cost of production
will not be known until the law has been in opera­
tion for a few months.
* * *
MINES ARE IIEINO REOPENED IN THE SOUTHWEST
due to the return to coal as fuel by some of the
railroads. Oil fuel while it has replaced coal in
many instances, in this one seems to have fallen
into disfavor, whether due to high cost or unsatis­
factory results is not stated. Whatever the cause,
tbe trade will welcome the change back to coal.
It's some relief not to be talking about the
usual Apiil strikes, suspensions, automatic stop­
pages or what not. account wage negotiations or
lack of them.
* * *
From the present outlook the present summer
will be a "warm" one insofar as large demands
for tonnage are concerned.
* * *
The bargain hunter has been having a hard
time of it during the fortnight. Here's hoping
he will still have it later on.
* * *
Now that the railroads are getting back into
shape, watch the rush to the lakes start in earnest.
* * *
West Virginia operators do not hesitate to say
what they mean in their letter to the governor.
* * o
Pennsylvania's production figures are somewhat
impressive,-wben they are put up in tabular form.

WEST VIRGINIA MINE SITUATION IS QUIET
AND TROOPS ARE GRADUALLY WITH­
DRAWN FROM DISTRICT.
The situation in the Cabin Creek and Paint
Creek districts of West Virginia where martial
law has prevailed for several months, is extremely
quiet just now and the troops gradually are being
withdrawn and. civil authorities are ready to resume
control of affairs.
At the opening of the month an open letter appearing
over the signature of the "Organization
of the Citizens ot West Virginia," was published in
Wesl Virginia papeis. Its general tenor was in
support of the contention of President White of
the Mine Workers in his letter lo Gov. Hatfield.
April 5 Gov. Hatfield in an interview said:
"I have investigated the strike situation for myself,
taking second-band information from no one
and I will soon be able to give some information
to the public and make recommendations to be considered
for the welfare of the state and its citizenship.
The terms I will suggest. I believe, are
equitable and will mean the termination of a long
term of strife which has cast a blot on tbe failname
of the state.
"The working man is always worthy of his hire.
and my intention is that he be paid, and in a manner
that will guarantee to him that he has not
been wronged or cheated. At the same time industries
must be protected from destruction of
property, and property rights belonging to the
employer must be preserved. It is just as essential,
however, that the laboring man, whose only
asset is muscle ancl labor, must be protected."
On the same day the military forces were reduced
to one company and some of the prisoners
were paroled, wh'Ie others were sent to jail to
await the action of the governor.
One of the important occurrences of th? fortnight
was the making public on April 5 of the
following reply to the letter of President White of
the United Mine Workers;
Hon. Henry D. Hatfield, April 2, 1913.
Governor of West Virginia,
Charleston.
Dear Sir:—In view of the letter, published in
local newspapers, addressed to you and under date
of March 20, by John P. White, president of the
United Mine Workers of America, while we believe
that you have familiarized yourself witli the history
of the trouble whi'h has prevailed for many
months past on Paint Creek and Cabin Creek,
it seems fitting that we should place before you a
brief recapitulation of the facts as opposed to
tbe unwarranted allegations of Mr. White's letter,
wdiich you may give to the public if you see fit to
do so.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
The statements that:
"The miners are engaged in this struggle to
better their conditions of employment and to try
to secure that which is conceded them under the
laws of the stat" of Wesl Virginia, namely, the
right to belong Lo a iabor organization without
discrimination; the semi-monthly pay day; the
selection of cheekweighman, to secure honest
weights; to have their coal weighed and that 2,000
pounds shall constitute a ton."
And
"That the things referred to were enacted into
law for the protection of the miners and many
no doubt arc under the impression that these laws
are fulfilled and the miners are receiving thai
which was contemplated by law. But such is
not the ease, except in that part of Kanawdia district
and elsewhere which are covered by joint
agreement between operators and miners and the
very low wages prevailing in the unorganized
fields, together with the evils of the commissary
owned and controlled In' the coal companies, make
the conditions of the miners most deplorable";
are untrue in letter and spirit.
Tbe so-called Paint Creek and Cabin Creek
"strike" is not a struggle hy working men to better
their conditions of employment or in consequence
of the denial of any lawful right.
"The right to belong to a labor organization
without discrimination" did not exist at common
law and is not given by any statute of West Virginia.
The subject of pay days is not regulated by common
law or statute.
The law does not undertake to fix whether coa!
shall be sold or wages paid by the gross or net
ton. In some markets coal is sold ancl at some
mines wages are paid bv the net ton. and in some
markets coal is sold and at some mines wages
paid by the gross ton.
No light of the miners has been or is being denied
them on Paint Creek and Cabin Creek. All
coal mined on these creeks is weighed and paid for
according to the weights, and the miner receives
pay at the established rate for every pound he
loads.
It is not true that low wages and deplorable conditions
prevail in the unorganized fields. On the
contrarv, as developed hy the recent Mining Investigation
Commission, tlie highest miners' earnings
in the state are in the Paint and Cabin Creek
fields, and conditions of all kinds in those fields
are as good as tbe best in the state, which means
the best in the world, and there was and is no
compulsion or effort at compulsion in dealing with
company commissaries.
The present trouble is not a strike, that is a
cessation of work by the employes of the Paint

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Creek and Cabin Creek mines, for the purpose of
securing any change in wages, working hours, pay­
days or other conditions of working or living. No
demand has been made upon us by our employes,
present or past, for any change in any of these re­
spects. The so-called "strike" is purely an effort
on the part of the I'nited Mine Workers of Amer­
ica to "organize" our mines, and which, because
of the impossibility otherwise of making any head­
way, has been promoted, as the Mining Investiga­
tion Commission found, with the acquiescence and
connivance of the olfii ers of the I'nited Mine Work­
ers of America, if not with their active and hearty
approval, by the most lawdess and violent methods
including riot, assault, arson, assassination and
attempted dynamiting Had it not been ior tne
unrestrained lawdessness incited by the noiorious
".Mother" Jones and other paid agents of the Uni-
led Mine Workers of America last summer, our
mines would never have lost a day or a man, and
Ihe money which unfortunately has been spent by
the state, that lost bv ourselves, and a much larger
sum lost by our people who were driven from their
homes and work, would have been saved.
We repeat, in connection with all this trouble
there has been but, one demand made upon us. that
for recognition of the I'nited Mine Workers of
America, and thai made- not hy our employes but
by the officers and organizers of that organization,
principally non-residents of the state, who, upon
our refusal of their demand, turned themselves
and their adherents into an invading force.
The demands made in Mr. White's letter, in their
order, are:
"First, that there shall be no discrimination
against mine workers for joining the organization.
and all employes shall return to work."
To this we reply that we have the same right to
decline to employ a member of the I'nited Mine
Workers of America as such member has to refuse
to work for us. That we now have over 2,500
men working in our mines, who are as much op­
posed as we are to the organization of those mines
oi the employment therein of members of the Uni­
ted Mine Workers of America; that the so-called
"strikers" on Faint and Cabin Creeks do not number
above 300 men: that at least one-half of these
are believed to be men who are not former em­
ployes of ours but men imported for the purpose
of keeping up the membership of the camps and of
carrying on a systematic campaign of iiVimida-
l ion and worse lawlessness; that the tents and
food for Ihe men in these camps are furnished by
the United Mine Workers of America, and the
camps a*-e maintained by that organization, and
for no lawful purpose, since there has been and
is no necessity for any of these men to have lost
a day's work since the beginning of the trouble
last summer, for then and at all times since every
one of them couhl find work in unionized mines
in the Kanawha district at union wages and under
union conditions; and, as has been established,
these camps are tne nuclei of all the lawlessness
that has occurred during the present trouble.
'there are, doubtless, in these camps some men
who are there virtually under compulsion, since
thev fear to work so iong as these camps are main­
tained. These men will be welcomed back to
their work if they wish. The law breakers will
not he given work under any circumstances.
"Second, to the establishment of the nine-hour
work day. which shall apply to all classes of labo>'
in anil around the mines."
This demand by the V. M. W. A. on behalf of
non-union miners satisfied with their working
conditions is a mere pretext. There has been and
we believe is no desire on the part of our em­
ployes for a nine-hour day, and until such desire
is manifest we see no occasion for considering the
question. As Your Excellency Knows, a coal
miner is a contractor, and while some of them
work nine, and some perhaps ten, hours a day,
many of them work- only four or five hours a day,
and the average is substantially less than nine
hours a day.
"Third, to the semi-monthly pay day."
The semi-monthly pay day is another pretext
invented by the U. M. W. A. out of pretended solicitude
for men who are not of, with or for that
organization, and who do not desire any change
in pay days. As a mattei of fact no man who has
earnings on the books and who requires cash for
any purpose is refused ca^b at our mines at any
times, and to all intents and purposes we have
virtually a daily pay day. The agitation for a
semi-monthly pay day comes almost wholly from
the United Mine Workers of America, who, if it.
were general, would then agitate for a weekly
day or for a change again to a monthly pay day
as an exeuse for an alleged grievance, and from
saloon and dive keepers who would like to have
two opportunities a month instead of one to get
hold of *be savings of the miners.
The miner who. dining the month can get credit
or cash as he chooses when he needs it, is satis­
fied to receive the remainder of his pay once a
month.
"Fourth, that the miners it any mine shall be
accorded the right to select a check weighman.
and in accordance with tbe state law all coal shall
be weighed and 2.000 pounds shall constitute a
ton."
Our miners have the right, which has never been
refused them at any mine, to place a check weigh­
man on the tipple when and for so long a time
as they choose. All coal at our mines is weighed;

the question of whether 2,000 pounds or 2,240
pounds shall constitute a ton is an immaterial
one. It is the price paid per ton that interests
both miner and operator, and the miners and
operators on Paint anel Cabin Creeks are satisfied
with existing prices.
"Fifth, that there shall be a joint commission,
consisting of five representatives from each siele,
each side to choose its own members. The duties
of this commission will lie to adjust the wages of
all men employed at day work ;n and around the
mines; determine the mining prices, yardage, etc.,
and endeavor to arrive at an equitable, relative,
competitive basis and to provide rules and methods
for the adjustment of disputes between the
employes and the coal companies."
These demands of Mr. White's contemplate
recognition of his organization—nothing more nor
less, and this or anything tending thereto we cannot
grant.
We cannot, therefore, consider making any of
the agreements suggested by Mr White.
In conclusion we Leg to say that so far as West
Virginia and West Virginians, miners, operators
and a great multitude of other tiades, industries
and professions dependent upon the coal mining
industry in this state are concerned, the Fnited
Mine Workers of America is a public enemy, a
foreign organization, which for many months past
has actively promoted an armed, violent and lawless
invasion of that state, a campaign conducted
in the interests of the operators and miners of
other states anel with the most sinister designs
towards our own. That we will not recognize or
have dealings with, this organization. That we
have in the past treated, ancl propose to continue
co treat our employes justly, fairly and liberally
and all that we ask in respect of the Fnited Mine
Workers of America is protection from the lawlessness
and murderous designs of its adherents now
being maintained in idleness for the purpose of
checking by violent means the working of our
mines to their "till capacity.
Our own experience has been ample to justify
what has been said, but Judge Dayton, of the United
States District Court for the Northern District
of this state, in the case of Hichman Coal Co.
against John Mitchell and others, upon voluminous
evidence and after a thorough investigation, found
as follows:
"I conclude therefore, that this organization,
known as the United Mine Workers of America,
is an unlawful one because: fa) of its principles
as set forth in its constitutions, obligations for
membership and rules which (1) require its members
to surrender their -ndividual freedom of
action: (2) seeks to require, in practical effect.
all mine workers to become members of it whether
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
desirous of doing so or not; 13) seeks to control.
and restrict, if not destroy, the right of the mine
owner to contract with its employes independent
of the organization; (4) to exclude his right to
employ non-union laiior if he desires; (5) to limit
his right to discharge, in the absence of contract,
whom he pleases, when he pleases and for any
cause or reason that to him seems proper; (01 assumes
the right on its par', by and through its
offk'ers, to control the mine owner's business by
shutting down his mine, calling out his men upon
indefinite slrike in obedience to their obligation
to the union, whether Ihe men desire to quit work
or not, whenever the union's officers deem it to
he for the best interests of the union, regardless
of the rights and interests of the mine owner, and
regardless of his direct loss and damages and such
indirect loss and damage as may be incurred by
him by reason of the resultant violation of contracts
by him with others. Adair vs. United
States, 20S U. S. 161, 52 L. Ed. 430. I further
conclude that it is an unlawful organization because,
(b) of its procedure and practices in that.
11 ) it seeks to create a monopoly of mine labor
such as to enable i f . as an organization, to control
the coal mining business C'f the country, and (2)
has by express contract joined in a combination
and conspiracy with a body of rival operators.
resident in other states, to control, restrain and.
to an extent at least, destroy the coal trade of the
state of West Virginia. It has spent fourteeit
years' time anel hundreds of thousands of dollars
in effort to accomplish this unlawfu' purpose."
Very r respectfully,
M. T. DAVIS.
For the Paint and Cabin Creek Operators.
Sheriff Thomas Davis of Fayette county on April
9 announced ibat the county court of Fayette
county would appoint 50 deputy sheriffs to assist
in maintaining peace in the coal strike zone of
that county. On the same date officials of the
United Mine Workers were said to be in the New
River field and to lie urging the miners to remain
at work.
Charles H. Boswell. John W. Brown and George
F. Parsons, sentenced to orison by the State Military
Commission in the martial law zone and recently
taken to Charleston, from the Point Pleasant
jail, were denied their liberty on habeas corpus
proceedings in the Criminal Court April 12.
Judge James W. Robinson held that their petitions
contained nothing not already passed on by the
State Supreme Court.
A resolution calling for federal inquiry into the
treatment of striking coal miners in the Paint
Creek and Cabin Creek districts by mine guards
and state troops during the strikes of the last two

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
years, was introduced in the I'nited States Senate
April 12 by Senator Kern of Indiana, the majority
speaker.
KENTUCKY MINING INSTITUTE MEETING
STATE-WIDE FIRST AID CONTEST.
The Southeastern Passenger Association has
granted special return rates for the Kentucky
Mining Institute meeting and State-wide First
Aid contest to be held in Lexington, Ky., May
10 and 17. The special return fare will be one
first-class one-way fare plus 25c.
Tickets will be on sale May 15, 16 and 17,
and void after May 19. Fares will apply from
and tickets will be no sale at all agency stations
in Kentucky on the Cincinnati, New Orleans &
Texas Pacific Railway, Louisville & Nashville
Railroad, and the Lexington and Eastern Railway,
also at stations named below: Beaver Dam,
Benton, Bradenburg, Central City, Cloverport,
Dawson, Dixon, Elizabethtown, Fulton, Gracey,
Greenville, Hardinsburg, Hartford, Hawesville,
Henderson, Hickman, Hodgenville, Hopkinsville,
Irvington, Leitchfield, Marion, Mayfield, Morganfield,
Murray, Nortonville, Owensboro, Paducah,
Princeton, West Point, Cincinnai, Ohio, and Jellico.
Tenn.
This announcement is made by Prof. H. D.
Easton. chairman of the committee on Program
and Entertainment, Lexington, Ky.
WEST VIRGINIA COAL MINING INSTITUTE
TO MEET AT MORGANTOWN, WEST VIR­
GINIA, JUNE 24, 25 and 29.
The executive committee of the West Virginia
Mining institute has selected Morgantown as the
place for holding the summer meeting on June
24, 25 and 20.
Papers will lie read and discussed on the following
subjects:
Gasoline Motor Haulage in Mines;
A Xew Type of Undercutting Machine;
Welfare Work in the Mining Communities of
West Virginia;
The Qualifications of a General Manager from
a Superintendent's Point of View;
Hydro-Electric Power in Mining: A Description
of the Cheat river Installation.
The program is so arranged that approximately
one-half of the three days' session will be >*nent
in sight-seeing and pleasure seeking. Papers am 1
discussions will be the order for all of Tuesdaj
and Wednesday morning. On Wednesday afternoon
the members of the institute will be conveyed
by automobiles to Mt. Chateau, a noted
summer resort along the Cheat river, and from
here to Sabraton where an inspection of the tin-
plate plant of the American Sheet & Tin Plate
Co. and tbe mammoth glass industries will be
made. The return to Morgantown will be in
ample time to enjoy a banquet to be tendered
by the city board of trade.
Thursday will be devoted to visiting the most
reiiresentative mines in the Connellsville coke
region. This will permit an examination into
the conditions and methods of mining the cele­
brated Connellsville coking coals, and furnish
bases for comparison of the conditions and meth­
ods at home. This feature premises to be one
of the most enjoyable on the institute program.
The selection of Morgantown as the place of
meeting brings these side attractions within easy
reach, and, in addition, furnishes the members
of the institute an opportunity of becoming bet­
ter acquainted with the work and equipment of
the university.
Committees selected jointly from local mem­
bership in the institute and the city board of
trade are already actively "on the job," and give
assurance that nothing looking to the comfort
and pleasure of the visitors will be overlooked.
ANTHRACITE DECISION AMENDED.
The Supreme Court of the LTnited States April
7 directed that its decree in the "hard coal case"
he amended to give the Federal District Court in
Eastern Pennsylvania power to decide whether
lour certain "05 per cent, contracts" should be
excepted from the recent decision that such contracts
were void.
The Supreme Court has held that the contracts
whereby the railroad coal companies bought the
output of "independent" operators at 05 per cent.
of the price of coa! at tidewater, suppressed compe­
tition and violated the Sherman anti-trust law.
Carnegie Coal Company Increases Capital.
The Carnegie Coal Co., of Pittsburgh, which
some weeks ago took over the coal holdings of
the Charleroi Coal Works, owned by the Pittsburgh
Plate Glass Co., has filed notice ot an increase
in its capital stock from $800,000 to
$1,057,000, in order to provide for the increased
property holdings of the concern.
The productive capacity of the company will
lie more than doubled with this acquisition, the
mines being located on the Monongahela river,
and with both rail and river shipping facilities.
Most of the new coal will be shipped by the company
to the upper lake ports, where it has large
coal storage docks for the Northwest trade.
The Blacklick Mining Co., Big Bend, Pa., has
been placed in a receiver's hands.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
ANTHRACITE PRODUCTION OF PENNSYLVANIA FOR
BY COMPANIES*
1912. 1911.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal
& Iron Co 10.873.01S 11,197,103
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western
Coal Corp 8,511,072 8,786,067
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 7,311.510 7,836,688
Delaware & Hudson Co 5,560,554 6,297,922
Pennsylvania Coal Co 4,865,000 5,447,743
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co. 4,828,070 4,932,788
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. 3,673,945 4,053,325
Hudson Coal Co 2,023,276 1,877,920
Scranton Coal Co 1,960,992 2.071,843
Kingston Coal Co 1,930,411 2,215,593
Susquehanna Coal Co 1,767,109 1,961,187
Mineral Railroad & Mining Co. 1,703,114 1,395,158
Hillside Coal & Iron Co 1,453,389 1,799,071
Coxe Bros. & Co., Incorporated, 1,353,011 1,468.714
G. B. Markle & Co 1,109,468 1,218,710
Summit Branch Mining Co... 843,142 845,503
Price Paneoast Coal Co 584,981 679,566
Pardee Bros. & Co 565,466 674,361
West End Coal Co 533,561 754,631
Forty Fort Coal Co 530,573 646,538
A. Pardee & Co 521,503 011,333
Jermyn & Co 502,070 622,667
Parrish Coal Co 460,039 330,435
Sterrick Creek Coal Co 459,031 565,217
St. Clair Coal Co 384,840 392,685
C. M. Dodson & Co 351,750 365,4-30
Lytle Coal Co 338,437 341,777
Lackawanna Coal Co., Ltd.... 328.883 482,299
Thomas Colliery Co 328,228 349,543
Colonial Collieries Co 320,380 172,842
Plymouth Coal Co 322,408 354,107
Midvalley Coal Co 317,177 378,642
Mt. Lookout Coal Co. 285,571 346,422
Pine Hill Coal Co 278,390 334,622
Alden Coal Co 266,747 293,369
Excelsior Coal Co 265,284 285,267
Oak Hill Coal Co 262,160 324.240
A. S. Van Wickle Estate 254,345 310,861
Connell Anthracite Mining Co. 247,794 326,120
Elliott, McClure & Co 247,458 270,678
Maryd Coal Co 247,230 245,126
Red Ash Ccal Co 244,823 218,472
Greenough Red Ash Coal Co. 244,603 266,144
Mt. Jessup Coal Co., Ltd 240,274 269,913
Dodson Coal Co 221,683 242,262
Harwood Coal Co 220,477 266,432
Lentz Coal Co 209,425 428,752
Buck Run Coa! Co 205,869 233,317
•Compiled from reports furnished THE COAI. TRADE
BULLETIN by Chief ot' the Department ef Minos James
K. Roderick and the District Mine Inspectors.. The
figures Eire in long tons.
1912
1912. 1911.
Northern Anthracite Coal Co.. 201,477 178,503
Moosic Mountain Coal Co 201,141 205,336
Enterprise Coal Co 182,077 242,676
Shipman Koal Co 177,746 227,601
Northwest Coal Co 177,218 197,770
Peoples Coal Co 167,938 122,398
Treverton Colliery Co 151,888 102,022
Upper Lehigh Coal Co 138,106 153,940
Raub Coal Co 137,845 145,197
Harleigh Brookwood Coal Co.. 137,715 114,325
Thorne-Neale Washery Co.... 132,353 1,969
Dolph Coal Co 127,310 166,914
Alliance Coal Co 125,174 147.5S6
O'Boyle-Fay Anthracite Coal
Coal Co 121,039 127,253
M. S. Kemmerer & Co 120,833 133,581
W. R. McTurk Coal Co 118,659 131,512
Archbald Coal Co 115,440 106,404
John S. Wentz & Co 113,360 121,749
Girard Mammoth Coal Co 111,766 209.830
Hazel Mountain Coal Co 105,309 154,076
Mill Creek Coal Co 102,909 136,833
Green Ridge Coal Co 102,619 118,635
Darkwater Coal Co 101,251 103,439
George F. Lee Coal Co .'. 100,357 98,770
\Vilkes-Barre Anthracite Coal
Co 98.982 50,075
Nay-Aug Coal Co 98,361 81,39?
Oxford Coal Co 94,099 147,058
Buck Ridge Coal Co S8.138 HUSS
Rissinger Bros. Coal Co 86,664 21,486
E. S. Stackhouse Coal Co 82,539 49,867
East Boston Coal Co 79,943 163,7~2
Humbert Coal Co 72,882 77,059
Cambridge Coal Co 69,617 74,21/
Mt. Hope Coal Co 64.002 86,275
A. D. & F. M. Spencer Coal Co. 50,624 32,007
Schuylkill Lehigh Coal Co.... 54,820 17,233
H. H. Smith &. Co 52,157 92,030
14 Companies producing less
than 50,000 tons each 791,903 932,194
10 Companies producing in
1911 and not in 1912 199,946
Totals 75,639,462 81,041,886
"A Mail of the Coosa Coal Field." by Dr. Wm. F.
Prouty (postage 2 cents) and Iron Making in Alabama,
third edition, by Mr. Wm. B. Phillips (postage
13 cents), are now ready for distribution, and
will be sent to those desiring them on receipt of
stamps to cover postage.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
BITUMINOUS PRODUCTION OF PENNSYLVANIA FOR 1912
BY COMPANIES*
1912. 1911.
H. C Frick Coke Co 14,590,502 14,993,8S8
Pittsburgh Coal Co 12,28S,728 12,402,069
Monongahela River Consoli­
dated Coal & Coke Co 7.86S.165 7,574,560
Berwind-White Coal Mining
Co 4,337,508 4,285,521
Keystone Coal & Coke Co... 3,924,272 3,239,798
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke
Corporation 3,392,186 3,285,002
Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal
& Iron Co 3,194,982 2,776,207
Westmoreland Coal Co 2,021,830 2,296,983
Jamison Coal & Coke Co.. .. 2,408,120 2,280,210
Vesta Coal Co 2,397.717 1,948,775
Pittsburgh-Terminal Railroad
& Coal Co 2,360,163 1,547,886
Pittsburgh-West moreland Coal
Co 2,299,977 2,084,359
Jefferson & Clearfield Coal
& Iron Co 1,965,146 1,618,291
Consolidation Coal Co 1,957,801 1,872,235
XV. J. Rainey 1,845,285 1,325,467
Pittsburgh Gas Coal Co 1,776,410 1,384,630
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co 1,005,264 1,358,137
Ellsworth Collieries Co 1,508.183 1,540,532
Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal
& Coke Co 1,554,661 1,634,790
Washington Coal & Coke Co. 1.537,703 1,308,288
Cambria Steel Co 1,507,474 1,470,642
Penn Gas Coa! Co 1.382,551 994,531
Northwestern Mining & Ex­
change Co 1,368,431 1,489,080
Clearfield Bituminous Coal
Corporation 1,251,318 1.329,874
Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal
Co 1,220,822 1.176.242
New York & Cleveland Gas
Coal Co 1,200,403 1,060,093
Latrobe Connellsville Coal &
Coke Co 1,038,958 761,337
United Coal Co 1010,230 1,035,496
Jenner-QuemahoningCoal Co. 998.020 960.232
Cowanshannock Coal & Coke
Co 952,027 900,419
Shawmut Mining Co 935,254 1,021,611
National Mining Co 929,415 877,013
Allegheny River Mining Co. 920,516 423,550
Ocean Coal Co 902,481 438,535
Oliver & Snyder Steel Co... 871,691 739,610
•Compiled from reports furnished through the courtesy
of Chief of the Department of Mines James i:.
Roderick and the District Mine Inspectors.
1912.
Thom pson-Connel Is ville Coke
Co 826,326
Consolidated Connellsville
Coke Co 807,967
Carnegie Coal Co 782,485
Tower Hill-Connellsville Coke
Co 751,840
Diamond Coal & Coke Co... 727,133
Republic Iron & Steel Co... 712,004
Penn Mary Coal Co 705,453
Pittsburgh & Baltimore Coal
Co 684,082
Hostetter-Connellsville Coke
Co 678,730
Ford Collieries Co 652,979
Peale, Peacock & Kerr, Inc.,
(Rembrandt Peale) 575,729
Connellsville Central Coke
Co 564,306
Russell Coal Co. (Rem­
brandt Peale) 552,691
Blaine Coal Co 534,846
Allegheny Coal Co £31,235
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co... 526,289
Quemahoning Coal Co 524,966
Cascade Coal & Coke Co 522,216
Bessemer Coke Co 511,323
Corona Coal & Coke Co. anl
H. B. Swoope & Co 503,272
Pittsburgh & Eastern Coal
Co 497.699
Logan Coal Co 480,196
Carrolltown Coal Co. (Rem­
brandt Peale) 473,322
Pittsburgh & Erie Coal Co. 469,750
Brothers Valley Coal Co... 468,663
Somerset Smokeless Coal Co. 467,466
Taylor Coa] & Coke Co 467,302
Bessemer Coal & Coke Co... 461,569
Morrisdale Coal Co 445.737
Brier Hill Coke Co 441,655
Vinton Collierv Co 440,100
Rockhill Iron & Coal Co... 437,862
Morris Run Coal Mining Co. 137.39-2
Valley Camp Coal Co 415,960
Saltsburg Coal Co 415,339
New Alexandria Coke Co... 415.272
Madeira. Hill Coal Mining
Co 411,894
Colonial Coal & Coke Co... 401,000
Anita Coal Mining Co 384.633
Portage Coal Mining Co.... 379,399
1911.
549,887
036,340
675,089
488,108
365,632
106,655
803,042
327,325
525,526
482,870
692,387
413,480
581,989
568,567
391,743
640,688
516,030
550,313
304,974
488,128
550,413
648,213
450,797
464,391
504,506
499,106
378,743
397,094
487,968
495,759
347,870
418,824
269,49S
255,315
375,177
262,170,
478,663
404,307
371,335

1912. 1911.
Meadowlands Coal Co 378,972 208,420
Orient Coke Co 374,772 293,136
Barnes & Tucker 372,944 370,462
-Manor Gas Coal Co 369,126 259,024
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co. 354,535 276,958
Loyal Hanna Coal & Coke Co. 353,715 341,858
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co... 348,473 274,133
Henderson Coal Co 342,919 227,914
Cornell Coal Co 341,600 270,906
Sterling Coal Co 334,719 302,570
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 329,878 52,602
Ebensburg Coal Co 323,384 22,300
Blossburg Coal Co 323,321 300,131
Sharon Coal & Limestone Co. 322,565 307,567
Nanty-Glo Coal Mining Co.. 320,018 338,507
Crescent Coal Co 317,401 .257,059
Commercial Coal Milting Co. 317,312 289,401
Mt. Pleasant Connellsville
Coke Co 313,621 330,666
Valley Smokeless Coal Co... 312,807 299,713
Argyle Coal Co 308,550 320,375
Kettle Creek Coal Mining Co. 307,310 284,914
Stineman Coal & Coke Co... 307,270 340,491
Mt. Pleasant Coke Co 306,009 297,143
Naomi Coal Co 304,241 266,250
Latrobe Coal Co 298,241 199,027
Lackawanna Coal & Coke Co. 294,573 259,744
Fayette Coal Co 289,367 302,216
Acme Coal Mining Co 288,269 179,018
Verner Coal & Coke Co 287,573 237,400
Empire Coal Mining Co. .. 287,487 309,879
Fairmont Coal Co 286,738 217,960
Donohoe Coke Co 274,278 216,476
Brown & Cochran 273,336 289,039
Miller Coal Co 273,313 263,201
Knickerbocker Smokeless
Coal Co 270,540 171,246
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co.. . 267,763 491,413
Sonman Shaft Coal Co 264,536 153,074
Shenango Furnace Co 248,629 100,333
Cherry Tree Coal Co. (Rembrandt
Peakj 248,480 244,409
Whyel Coke Co 240,916 187,900
Carbon Coal & Coke Co 236,600 233,608
'Shoemaker Coal Mining Co. 231,565 209,774
Altoona Coal & Coke Co.... 231,109 222,628
Watkins Coal Co 230,040 221,383
Bulger Block Coal Co 227,419 117,933
Moshannon Coal Mining Co. 224,829 202,112
Henrietta Coal Mining Co... 223.985 287,218
Star Coal Co 222,668 270,076
Seneca Coal Mining Co 220,945 148,559
Fall Brook Coal Co .TS.46S 149,208
Mercer Iron & Coal Co 216,857 160,049
Superior Fuel Co 215,185 104,640
XV. H. Piper & Co 213,656 228,9,23
Atlas Coke Co 209,307 214,362
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
1912. 1911.
Forge Coal Mining Co 206,421 136,492
Taylor & McCoy Coal & Coke
Co 205,479 195,036
Tunnel Coaling Co 201,681 173,585
J. H. Sanford Coal Co 199,980 160,097
Joseph E. Thropp 199.054 162,489
Stineman Coal Mining Co.. 197,768 211,671
Greensbtirg-Connellsville Coal
& Coke Co 197,067
Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing
Co 194,554 171,491
Somerset Mining Co 193,769 202,142
W. Harry Brown 189,676 17,031
Cardiff Coal Co 185,512 172,009
Puritan Coke Co 182,263 133,174
Century Coke Co 181,9.90 -2G-5,

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
1912. 1911.
Keystone Mining Co 135,713 112,348
Colonial Iron Co 133,879 49,073
Grassy Run Coal Co 133.471 75.61b
Atlantic Coal Co 133,469 135,541
Buckingham Coal Mining Co. 133,384 31,678
Westerman-Filer Co 130,940 131.34S
Rich Hill Coal Co 130.392 136.9S0
Conemaugh Coal Co 125.01S 107,042
Union Connellsville Coke Co. 124,832 9S.532
Butts Cannel Coal Co 123,238 156,276
State Line Coal Co 123.213 95,270
Pardoe Coal Co 120,899 106,351
United Connellsville Coke Co. 119,487 110,391
Lincoln Coal Co 117,659 119.1CS
Osceola Coal Co 116,952 16,759
Potts Run Land Co 116,190 81,569
J. Blair Kennedy 114,913 157,290
Mountain Coal Co 112,876 114.907
Hustead-Semans Coal & Coke
Co 112,698 42,812
Samuel Sherwin 112,195 99,333
Armstrong Coal Co 112.145 104,9SS
Citizens Coal Co 111,782 91,520
S. A. Rinn & Co 110,795 112,759
Victoria Coal Mining Co 110,552 94,899
Great Lakes Coal Co 110,430 124,210
Rummel Coal Co 109,000 86,400
Lilly Coal Co 10S.948 95,306
Cymbria Coal Co 108,250 110,550
Paulton Coal Mining Co 107,129 56,851
West Penn Coal Mining Co. 106,550 114,912
Prospect Coal & Coke Co... 104,876 83,866
Erie Coal & Coke Co 104,613 83,973
Claire Coke Co 103,768 96,460
Irish Bros. Coal Co 103,029 112,063
Estep Bros. Coal Mining Co. 102,150 94,666
Carnwath Coal Co 101,064 77,920
Pittsburgh & Southwestern
Coal Co 101,000 74,000
Allegheny Coal & Coke Co. . 99.34S 97,342
Glen White Coal & Lumber
Co 99,245 83,721
Howard Gas Coal Co 97,589 113,481
Monterey Coal Co 97.230 73.314
Adamsburg Gas Coal Co.... 96,812 24,029
Charles XV. Braznell 95.991 64,156
Apollo Coal Co 95,046 83,213
Loehrie Bros. Coal Co 95,000 90,000
Black Lick Mining Co 94,340 132,639
Warner-Yough Coal Co 94.328
John Langdon 94,030 73,470
Bulah Shaft Coal Co 94,019 73.470
S. Hegarty's Sons 93,744 72,051
W. A. Gould & Bro 93,711 58,111
Grove Coal Co 92,401 101,204
Leechburg Coal & Coke Co. 91,681 78,397
Panther Run Coal Co 90,969 184,004
Bowersville Coal Co
Mitchell-Watson Coal Co
South Fayette Coke Co
Enterprise Coal Co
F. A. Mizener
Prey Ridge Coal Co
Rich Hill Coke Co
Panhandle Mining Co
Eagle Coal Co
Clarion Coal Mining Co....
Falls Creek Coal Co
P. P. MeFarland
Clearfield Collieries Co
Bear Run Coal

South Fork Coal Mining Co.
Dalliba Coal Co
Leland Coal Mining Co
Maple Ridge Coal Co
Oak Ridge Coal & Coke Co.
Mutual Coal Mining Co
McKnight Coal Co
Standard Coal Mining Co...
Somerset & Cambria Coal Co.
Export, Coal Co
Joseph G. Beale & Co
Dent's Run Mining Co
Hillsdale Coal & Coke Co...
Blain Run Coal Co
W. J. Steen Coal Co
McConnell Coal Co
Banning Connellsville Coke
Co -
Veteran Coke Co
Lucesco Coal Co
Scalp Level Coal Mining Co.
Nellie Coal Co
Isabella Ccnneilsville Coke
Co
Smokeless Coal Co
Bulah Coal Co
Juniata Coal Co
Thomas Maber
McDonald Coal Co
Edri Coal Co
Huntingdon Coal Co
Haddon Coal Co
Gilmore Coke Co
Fort Ligonier Coal Co
American Sheet. & Tin Plate
Co
Monarch Coal Co
Unity Coal Co
Horinel Coal Co
Keystone Coal Co., E. Statler,
Lessee
Penn Coke Co
Blairsville Coke Co
Shenango Coai Co
McClane Coal Co
W. M. Hend.erson
Leahy Coa! Mining Co
James H. Hoover
Randolph Coal Co
Standard Quemahoning Coal
Co
Valley Coal Co
Harbison-Walker Refractories
Co
Leesburg Coal Co
Dayton Coal Co
Pine Run Coal & Coke Co.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
912.
68,216
67,992
67,628
66,081
65,786
04,302
63,507
63,485
63,450
63,289
63,164
63,058
62,554
62,000
61,400
61,369
61,064
61,029
60,970
60,550
60,449
60,293
59,415
59,402
59,300
59,174
59,067
58,634
58,050
57,628
57,600
57,536
57,506
56,240
56,.238
56,092
55,796
55,629
55,403
54,577
54,241
53,807
53,760
53,550
53,271
52,991
52,225
52,137
51,388
50,718
50,689
1911.
102,087
45,935
73,535
56,850
119,990
69,73(1
72,010
67,508
10,061
39,775
33,982
73,255
64,699
17,035
11,456
77,754
51,316
19,881
10,735
63,316
32,907
54,109
56,617
61,823
34,532
52,268
35,000
38,696
63,63;?
60,000
77,180
68,919
40,044
33,420
47,519
55,500
56,264
49,000
46,358
106,666
53,314
53,271
46,602
29,730
71,736
56,500
Gatehouse & Shoff Coal Co..
Ben Franklin Coal Co
Pryor Coal Co
288 Companies producing less
than 50,000 tons each in 1912
OS Companies whose names
do not appear on reports
of inspectors for 1912....
1912.
50,290
50,205
50,197
1911.
23,693
35,880
48,253
6,091,372 4,875,681
2,507,654
Totals 100,973,428 142,225.548
PENNSYLVANIA COAL PRODUCTION
BY COMPANIES FOR 1912.
TWEN1 Y-T1UKD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
H. C. Frick Coke Co 4,603,512
Consolidated Connellsville Coke Co 807,967
Bessemer Coke Co 288,954
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co 261,140
Republic Iron & Steel Co 219,571
Puritan Coke Co 182,263
Fayette Coke Co 1 74,121
McKeefrey Coal Co 81,961
W. J. Parshall 77,35?
Gilmore Coke Co 57,600
Jas. H. Hoover 53,550
South Fayette Coke Co 52,340
Plumer Coke Co 45,100
Hope Coke Co 41,071
Smaller operators 81,541
Total 7,028,043
TWENTY-SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
EUWAKO E. GIKOD, Inspector.
Pittsburgh Coal Co 2,158,454
National Mining Co 929,415
Pittsburg-Buffalo Co 567,350
United Coal Co 448,910
Pan Handle Mining Co 85,380
Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co 424,651
Meadow Lands Coal Co 378,972
Pittsburgh & Southwest Coal Co 101,000
Avella Coal Co 82,228
W. J. Flanagan 78,358
McClane Coal Co 54,241
Fryor Coal Co 50,197
John M. Greek & Co 45,560
Total 5,404,716
P. J. CALLAGHAN, Inspector.
Directors of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. have declared
a quarterly dividend of 1% per cent, on the
preferred stock, payable April 25.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PROFESSOR NORWOOD URGES FIRST
AID IN KENTUCKY COAL MINES.
Prof. C. J. Norwood, chief inspector of mines
of Kentucky, has sent the following letter to coal
operators of that state:
Naturally, I am solicitous that our mining companies
shall adopt every means possible for reducing
the death rale from mine accidents, and
for affording quick ancl proper relief for the injured
generally.
I am thoroughly satisfied that many a man has
died from loss of blood, from shock ("heart failure"),
from delayed attention to fractures, from
asphyxiation clue to electric shock, etc.. who might
have been saved had his associates known what
to do for him while waiting for a doctor. I think
it unquestionable that many an injured man has
died really from Ihe way he was handled while
being taken fiem the mine. I have good reason
lo believe that men who have died from blood
poisoning following injuries not otherwise fatal,
suffered blood poisoning simply because of improper
treatment, or lack of proper treatment, at
the time of tec injury and before the physician
could see them. A man had a leg broken; some
weeks thereafter he died from blood poisoning
It appears quite probable that the infection occurred
through improper treatment before the doctor
could reach the patient. Other examples will
occur to you.
Men are hurt in tin mines almost daily. Simply
through lack of proper care, or because of illadvised
treatment before the physician arrives,
a comparatively simple injury may result in permanent
disability.
I deem it of utmost importance, therefore, that
the men employed at mines shall know what to do
and what not 10 do in the case of accidents; they
should know the methods of "first aid." With
the miners themselves trained in such methods.
a long step will be taken toward tbe reduction of
fatalities; and through intelligent application of
"first aid." suffering will be relieved, fewer cripples
will be made, and recovery will be hastened in
the case of ncn-fatal accidents generally.
If you have not already clone so. I respectfully
but earnestly urge that vou take this matter up at
your mines, ancl arrange for instruction in "first
aid" to be given your men.
The cost of the necessary outfit is very little;
your mine physician can readily take care of the
training. Moreover, the United States Bureau of
Mines now has mine safety cars in the state especially
for instructional purposes, anel I am advised
by Mr. Wilson that the cars v ill remain in the
state so long as there is work for them to do. I
do not dcubt that the Bureau will gladly send a
car to your mine or vicinity if you will ask for it.
Vou should address H. M. Wilson, Engineer in
Charge. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa.
The Red Cross, Washington, D. C, also offers to
assist in giving "first aid" instruction at our mines.
As you doubtless know, the Kentucky Mining
Institute is arranging for a state-wide "First Aid
Contest," to be held at Lexington next May. This
affords an opportunity for you to arouse an interest
in "first aid" on tho part of your men, by organizing
a team or teams at your mines to take
part in said contest. I hope you will do so, for I
believe if the mining companies generally will
heartiiy co-operate in making the contest notably
successful, it will exer.t an influence for great good
throughout our mining fields. "Do it now."
1 will be glad to hear from you in regard to
this matter. Anything that I can do to serve you
will be done with pleasure.
C. J. NORWOOD,
Chief Inspector of Mines.
• INDUSTRIAL NOTES •
Bulletin 65-A, just issued by the Sullivan Machinery
Co., Chicago, is descriptive of Sullivan
Diamond Core Drills, and especial attention is
called in it to the new mounted gasoline-driven
"Rambler" drill. Bulletin 66-G of the same company
is devoted to Sullivan Hammer Drills for
mining and construction work, consisting of
Stopers. classes "DA-21," "DF-21," "DG-21;"
Drifter, class "DC-21;" Sinkers, classes "DB-21,"
DC-19;" Block-Holer, class "DB-15;" Hitch-Cutters,
class "DB-13."
Leschen's Hercules for April, published by the
A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co., St. Louis, Mo., contains
a good description of a mammoth dredge in
the gold fields of the Northwest, that is equipped
with Leschen ropes. Other plants similarly
equipped are pictured and described.
The Jeffrey Manufacturing Co.. Columbus, O..
has just gotten out Bulletin No. 31-L, devoted to
Jeffrey Swing Hammer Pulverizers, showing its
use and the different classes of work for which
it is adapted.
The meeting of the executive committee of the
American Mine Safety Association, which was to
have been held April 7 in the United States Bureau
of Mines. Pittsburgh, was postponed owing to the
enforced absence of several members. Tbe committee
was to have decided on the advisability of
forming a great miners' first-aid corps and a rescue
league. The question will be settled in correspondence
and the decision published.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
IS THE BUREAU OF MINES WORTH WHILE?*
By William H. and Sim Reynolds
During the last few years there has a question
arisen among mining men of the United States
which is of vital interest to every official, employer
and employe engaged in the mining of
coal. Particularly is this true of those of us
whose business lies in the bituminous fields.
This question has come since, out of a perfectly
earnest desire to benefit the coal mining industry
the Government—at the instigation of men
who had long felt the need of such an institution—brought
into being what is technically
known as the United States Bureau of Mines.
The formal purpose of this bureau I need not
detail here before men who are quite as conversant
with the matter as I. Only need I say what
many or all of you know: that the Federal authorities
instituted the Mine Bureau, and made
then what was, and stil! is, an inadequate appropriation
for its best inteiests, only after the need
had been thoroughly demonstrated, and the great
usefulness of such an institution proven by other
mining countries. Our Government b it followed
the initiative set by older and even more conservative
countries, rather than, as many of the
Mine Bureau's opponents have said, a hit or miss
policy of its own.
The wisdom of this action has not until recently
been generally questioned. And it is with
a desire to publicly interrogate the foundation
and necessity of such adverse criticism that this
paper is read here to-day. But before taking
up the matter as it appears to us, I may mention
the point whereon this criticism hinges, as I
have gathered it from a perusal of recent published
articles in our most influential trade journals,
and from personal conversations with mining
men in various states, which is briefly a defense
of the dignity of their official positions as
state mine inspectors and others in the higher
circles of official mining. There seems to be an
utterly unfounded idea abroad that in some way
or other the I'nited States Bureau has noted and
is still acting in a way derogatory to their official
dignity and standing among the miners. Why
any mine official or mine inspector should feel so,
or why any state
DErAHTMEN'I OH TRADE JOURNAL
should take up the bludgeon for a like cause is
beyond my understanding at least. Personally
I can see nothing whatever to justify such an
attitude, which was in some instances I could
cite evident even before the creation of the Fed-
•1'nper read before the West Virginia Coal Mining
Institute Dee. 11. 1002.
eral Mine Bureau. But I am stating what 1
know to be strict truth when I assert the foregoing
as the chief cause of the opposition. That
this fear and jealousy is unfounded is obvious
to the most casual observer if he look at the subject
from an impartial viewpoint. For it has
1 een from its first inception, and doubtless wil!
continue to be, one of the chief aims of the bureau
to work absolutely in harmony, rather than antagonistic
to, any other department of mining or
any individual effort on part of the larger companies
made along similar lines. To do otherwise
would be suicidal. The hureau's purpose
is to augment the knowledge others engaged in
the industry may have or may gain—to demonstrate
that which mine inspectors and state departments
have neither the time nor the funds
to make manifest to the men they serve—to prove
the causes of mine explosions, and by force of the
accurate knowledge gained in private tests to publicly
demonstrate what they have proved as the
best way to avoid and control mine accidents.
This is the purpose for which the Federal Mine
Bureau was primarily created. The rescue work
of the department; the demonstration of First
Aid principles; is also a prime element of the
bureau's work. But as Messrs. Holmes, Paul,
Rice and other gentlemen at the head of the
bureau have themselves pointed out, this latter
phase of their work should not be construed as
many miners and officials have construed it, for
tbe rescue of entombed men, or the stoppage of
mine fires, is with the bureau a secondary affair
When explosions have happened this false construction
of the department's mission, and tbe
refusal of the engineers in charge to practically
deliberately sacrifice members of their corps in
a more or less futile effort to bring out of the
mine men already dead, h is brought condemnation.
And yet in spite of
THIS JUSTIFIED CAUTION
the bureau can show to-day—more's the pity from
one point of view—a greater percentage of mortality
among its men than has been lost in any
industry in the world among the same number
of employes. And the fact that nearly if not
all of these men have been sacrificed in efforts
to save life, despite the fact that it is not primarily
the bureau's duty to make that effort even
when on hand at a mire fire or explosion or other
catastrophe, certainly gives the lie to the accusation
of cowardice which is among the list o:
the bureau's supposed delinquencies.
But so long as this antagonism remained out

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of the trade journals the matter did not—nor
could not—attain to any foi midao'e proportion.
To the men at the head of the Federal Bureau,
as well as to the non-partisan mining man—it
was obvious that opposition existed Some there
were indeed who did all in (heir power to delay
or frustrate altogether the creation of the department.
The reason for this display of senile fury
was, however, so ve y plain to all concerned
that others lhan the opponents themselves
paid but scant attention to it. As time went on,
however, it became evident lhat the teeling
evinced at the head of the stream was permeating
the wboie personnel with some exceptions, of
course. And this idea, as exhibited particularly
among the inspectors of various commonwealths.
expressed freely among the men with whom they
came in contact in the various coal fields, has
undoubtedly had a great deal to do with the
growth of semi-contempt and open ridicule, now
so far advanced as to be spread on the pages of
our trade journals. One of these articles re
cently published took a knock at the bureau
through tbe medium of a supposed Irish character
named in the near-humorous story as one
Hogan. To another of tiie name of Reilly this
Hogan gives his views on the inefficiency of the
bureau in general, and the hopelessness of its
leading men ever teaching those engaged in soft
coal mining anything the,* dc not already know
in particular.
Now Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: for a man
here and there to vent his spleen on the United
States Bureau of Mines, or
A.W" OTHER REFOKM
is quite to be expected, and may be dismissed as
merely the outpouring of a disgruntled mind. It
is said all great men have the defects of their
qualities, and our own great ones are no exception
to the rule. Anything which is good must
come from themselves, else right there it proves
its inferiority But when cur most influential
mining journals print tbe same thing on pages
which enter almost every mining man's home, and
it is placed monthly on the disk of almost every
mine office in th.^ country: when even by a me
clium of a semi-humorous story in Irish brogue
a national institution is held up to a nation":
ridicule, it is about time both sides to the question
were aired. When it comes to that point
signed articles are due, and the entire matter
should be threshed out in the open and to a
finish. For, Gentlemen and Mr. Chairman, either
the United States Bureau of Mines is teaching
tbe mining men of this country what they need
to know for the best interests of tl eir industry,
and thereby justifying its creation, or else it is
deficient in its purpose and should be discontin­
ued. Certain ft is that the bureau cannot long
go on. let alone do efficient work, under such a
burden. With the hands of the very men for
whose benefit the department was created turned
against it through tbe promulgation of ideas derogatory
to its usefulness being printed and sent
broadcast through the public prints, a national
attitude of an antagonistic nature is inevitably
being formed. But if the bureau deserve this
criticism then I for ore say God speed the press
in its effort to crush it. There are enough and
to spare of governmental appropriations being
made for offices for which there is no definite
need. Let it not be said that
THE .MINING INDUSTRY
is party to any mere political pull—or accomplice
before or after the fact to any piece of governmental
trickery guised in the habiliment of a
crying need such as clothed the plea made and
disseminated previous to the creation of the United
States Bureau of Mints. If. as Messrs.
Hogan and Reilly would have us believe through
their expressions made in November Mines and
Minerals, we not only know more than the pains
taking men of the bureau can ever tell us, but
have already known it as long back in antiquity
as the days of "The Minin' Hur-r-r-ld" and the
"Coll'ry Ingineer," there is no need of even the
illy sufficient appropriation made by the national
treasury for our work at least. But if on the
contrary, the efforts of the bureau are teaching
us what we should know, and exhibiting by actual
underground what we should, but previous to the
underground ihat wc should, but previous to the
advent of the bureau never had the chance to
see, then such an attitude taken by some of our
trade journals particularly, and a number of mining
men specifically, is a grave and unwarranted
injustice, and should be stifled at once and for all.
As to the merits or demerits of either side of
the case this paper does not pretend to be authoritative
.We hold no brief tor the Bureau of
Mines any more than we do for the trade journals
or any of the gentlemen who would obviously
belittle the bureau's work. This paper is merely
our own personal expression and belief, and an
entirely unsolicited one at that. It was conceived
and is being read for the simple purpose of
endeavoring to secure for the bureau that which
is not being shown it just now at least: an impartial
attitude on the part of the average mining
man, the granting of fair play and a square
deal, which is something many others of us as
well as the bureau oftentimes ardently wish for
but do not get always. Our plea, Mr. Chairman
and Gentlemen, is that your adverse opinions be
not cast as many others outside of this hall have
been cast in relation to the United States Bureau

and its work, like sheep following blindly after
the bell wether, but, ne withheld at least until
the department positively prove itself guilty of
the incompetence suggested against it. And that
is a question which can be answered intelligently
only by the
NON-PREJUDICED MINING MAN;
the man in the field, whose sympathies are neither
for nor against the Bureau of Mines nor the opposing
party which for reasons known to few but
itself has recently embraced some of all classes
in the craft, from miner to superintendent and
state inspector. Anel ii, as the opponents of the
bureau would have us believe, the Government has
made a mistake in instituting this department
it is certainly not aione in its error. Before the
matter was even broached in our legislative halls
similar institutions were organized and at work
along the same lines of research in several European
countries, with what eminent success you
are all familiar. Shall we accede, therefore, to
the indirect suggestions made in the published
articles referred to that ti e men at the head of
the English, French, German ancl other foreign
countries' Mine Bureaus are so very much superior
to our own expert scientists as to make the
installation anel continuance of such a body over
there a matter of gc^d policy, and in this equally
important ancl hazardous coal country a matter
of foolish political trickery?
Personally we think otherwise. In our opinion
the Federal Bureau of Mines has come to stay
with us a while, the desires of many of our esteemed
mining contemporaries to the contrary
notwithstanding. There will be plenty of time.
we believe, for both siaes to be heard, and there
is no need of rash and impulsive judgment as to
the policy of tbe Government in regard to disbanding
the Mine Bureau or keeping it alive. The
need of the department was thoroughly considered
in the national House of Representatives and the
United States Senate before there was reached a
definite decision to establish it. And while we
must admit that it has among its personnel some
who are not the most practical in the world, yet
is it reasonable to expect anything else considering
the brief time the bureau has been in existence
and the meager salaries paid to the men employed
in it? As to the latter, which are doubtless
as large as the insufficient appropriations thus
far made w-ill allow, the Government has indeed
shown itself penny wise and pound foolish. We
all know that it is unreasonable to expect that
practical, educated and experienced men of the
mines: men well versed m all the various ins
and outs of coal mining, life-saving and accident
prevention will leave the mines for such remuneration
as has thus far been offered by the bu­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
reau. Yet this single exception aside it is equally
obvious to all of us that the men at the head of
this department, men such as Dr. Holmes, Rice,
Paul and Wilson, and others of like ability, are
without peers in their line of work. These men
have been and arc still doing
ALL THAT CAN BE EXPECTED,
and more than most men could do under
similar circumstances. Can the opponents of the
bureau deny that through the efforts of these men
—through tests made privately and demonstrations
made publicly before the eyes of thousands
of practical mining men anel in face of opinion
to the contrary—eoal dust alone has been proved
as a destructive explosive solely of itself.' Have
they not by actual proof at Bruceton and the Arsenal
grounds at Pittsburgh convinced thousands
of miners anel officials wdio had always thought
ancl acted differently tnat coal dust will explode
without the help of marsh gas or any other aid
except the mere ignition of its own components'!'
And were any of us SURE of that until the bureau
proved it by actual experience at Pittsburgh?
The only men wdio might have known positively,
through having experienced it, weren't in position
to tell, for a coal dust explosion certainly believes
in the adage that "Dead men tell no tales." It
usually makes a clean sweep of all human life,
and among it the firebosses. the foremen, and
other underground men who, in the presence of a
desolated village would, if left alive, confess the
truth. Have we not also learned since the bureau
began its work that in a certain velocity of air
charged with a certain amount of marsh gas several
types of so-called safety lamps—some of them
in general use. too, ceased to be safety lamps in
any sense of the term? And it cannot be denied
that through the establishment of the Bureau of
Mines a public interest in the miner has been
created which was not in evidence before.
"Mr. Hogan," in the semi-humorous article referred
to, says the Bureau of Mines makes him
tired. "Here they ar-r-re spindin' a lot of money
an' makin' a gr-r-ate hullabuloo out neaer Pittsburgh,
explodin' coal dusht in an ixpirimintle
mine, an' provin' to the minin' men pwhat we
all av us alriddy knowed, an' pwhat The Minin'
Hur-r-ld an' The Coll'ry Ingineor printed twenty
or thirty year-r-s ago "
Certainly, my friends, the type of mining man
exemplified in Mr. Hogan MAY have known that
coal dust needed watching, bet "we all" did not
know it, as Mr. Hogan advances, or at least would
not know it. For there were
TENS OF THOUSANDS
of old and young miners in one of the most dangerous
coal dust fields in the world, that through
which cuts the rivers Youghiogheny and Monon-

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
gabela. who despite tbe printed word of Colliery
Engineer or Mining Herald never did believe until
enough of them saw with their own eyes to work
as a leavening ot education for the rest. There
was ever the plea: "Oh, there might have been
some firedamp in the mine, you know, there must
have been a little, enough to set the dust off."
And in view of this attitude, Mr. Chairman and
Gentlemen, let me as a mining man who may be
pardoned for citing in this instance the fact of
an experience in gaseous and dusty mines second
to none in this nail to-da?> : as one who has actually
seen and helped with his own hands to remove
the terribly tragic results of coal dust explosions
at Harwich and Marianna, let me as a
miner who has helped to bring to the surface
after hours of soul-torturing suspense tlie fearfully
mutilated, burned and blackened forms of
men who but the day before had been my intimate
eompanions, and as full of lite and vigor as any
man here, let me out of a fund of practical knowledge
of coal dust and its proclivities for human
slaughter say in all earnestness that if the United
States Bureau of Mines had nothing else than
this single fact to its credit our Government had
done well in creating it and appropriating money
to carry on its research! And does it occur to
any of us that that one great vital pi oof relative
to one of the destructive elements of underground
work is all that may yet be learned? Do we knowall
that would be good for us to know regarding
the means of combating this element and others?
Are we as efficient as we might be in the various
methods of winning coal safely and economically,
and does it not stand to reason that these men,
with the best kind of apparatus tc aid them in
their research into the unknown, their work alone
unhampered as we ourselves are by the necessity
of getting the limit of coal out at the lowest possible
price, can find out things that would
probably remain secret to us? And when they
do find out something which it
WERE GOOD FOR US
to know they are there to give of their knowledge
freely to every mining man. Of course,
there are some pig-headed ones ,vho know all that
is to be known of coal mining. You may distinguish
their class from the kind who are always
open to instruction by the fact that the latter's
mine runs on with a low percentage of mortality
and tbe Know-It-AH's occasionally blows up. But
happily for the industry in general the bureau's
work is constantly being disseminated by free
pamphlets and the public demonstration, and the
Know-It-All mining man is becoming as "rare a
bird" as the dodo. Despite the drawback of a
governmental parsimony, and an unreasoning
prejudice in certain quarters against the
men of the bureau, through them being but human
and affected by all human sentiments as all
of us are, a still greater burden to work under,
the United States Bureau of Mines is doing all
that can be expected of it. It has made mistakes.
It wil! continue, because its personnel is
composed of men like you and me, to make mistakes,
especially when all it does is being scrutinized
so clearly for faults, and in many cases
with a predetermination to overlook all the possible
good that may be mixed with the bad. Their
public demonstrations of what they have found
out and proved again and again before making
their discoveries public have done more to eradicate
the general narrow-mindedness extant with regard
to coal dust and explosives and so-called
safety lamps ancl means of remedying the effects
of them than was possible to any other agency,
including our esteemed trade journals, in all the
quarter century previous, and they have been in
the work only a short while, you will recall. For
the mining man, in common with others of the
species, is prone to doubt a mire printed assertion
when it comes in conflict with opinions he
has been trained from boyhood to look upon as infallible.
But he cannot doubt what he sees with
his own eyes. He has no desire to doubt, for the
aveiage mining man is as willing as the next to
he convinced if tlie th.ng be shown him in the
right way. It was simply a case befoie the
bureau's time of not being certain about it. Tbe
bureau has taken away the doubt, not alone regarding
the expiosiveness of dust but about
other things quite as vital to oui welfare in a
way. And through it all it has always striven
to work in harmony with state
DEPARTMENTS AND MEN
in chafge of mines. Such prejudice and
animosity as has been evinced have come ali from
one side, and that side is not theirs. Also it
has striven to do well what it has done. Some
of its critics accuse it of lethargy: of failure to
acocmplish as much as it should in the way of
quantity as well as quality. They fail to realize
that the kind of research tbe bureau is making
cannot be hurried as one of you hurries things
up when you set out some morning to break the
record in output of coal. They do not apparently
take into consideration that in working out to a
practical, positive conclusion some disputed point
or theory these men at Pittsburgh and elsewhere
must wade through a great many wrong things
to reach the right one quite often. The proof of
coal dust's exylosiveness of itself—of the false
and possibly fata! construction of some of the socalled
"safety lamps"—of the degree of flame-originating
quality of certain explosives—do not come
with the first effort. The incandescent lamp—

tlie wondrous phonograph—wireless telegiaphy,
and tbe various air planes—are all practical conclusions
which seem very simple indeed—now.
But someone spent years and years of effort
among untold numbers of theories before the simple,
practical point was reached. So is it with
our own men—with Holmes and Paul and Rice
and their companions of the bureau. Each of
these men is an inventor in a certain sense, working
out abstract theories innumerable in an
effort to get at the concrete idea. And for the
best interests of all for whom these men are
working: for you and me and every man who has
to do with the mining of coal, it is obviously essential
that harmony prevail, and that the work
of the bureau be not criticised unless there be
positive and grievous fault. That the results
ot its work may be easily miscalculated is obvious.
The benefits which are accruing are of
that kind which cannot be
SET FORTH IN FIGURES.
Their purpose: the very aim for which the bureau
was created: is to decrease or obliterate those
familiar, gruesome, lengthy columns of mortality.
Inversely with most human endeavor the better
these men do their work—tne more they teach
the men they are paid to teach the less there will
be to set forth. But the results will be there nevertheless.
They are quite obvious if one but look
earnestly ancl impartially, even in the short time
the bureau has been at work. It is showing in
the decrease of great disasters and the lesser accidents
which per > ear totai even a greater list o!
dead, in both oi which we have much, oh, so very
much, Gentlemen and Mr. Chairman, to learn,
even the most astute of us in the way of control.
The bureau's work is showing in the more care
ful use of explosives and the total discontinuance
of much chut was formerly in general use.
The unbiased among us are beginning to realize
that there is a power for good at work somewhere.
quietly, silently but potently, making its presence
felt in every coal field in the United States in the
form of miners' homes, with wife remaining
longer such, mid children oi' the miner calling
not so frequently for the father who never comes
lo answer their 'all. Quietly, and without oslentation
regarding its work—Messrs. Hogan and
Reilly to the contrary notwithstanding—there are
strong influences at work disseminating knowledge
which is giving to the mining village more
happy children and unstarved women, and fewer
trench graves containing their hundreds of mining
dead on the hillside beyond the mine-top. And
not one of fhe least of these influences which arc
making the mining of coal safer, saner and less
tragic than it used to be in the days of "The
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
Minin' Hur-r-ld an' The Coll'ry Ingineer" is the
United States Bureau of Mines.
MINE FOREMEN AND INSPECTORS
EXAMINING BOARDS ARE NAMED.
The court of Luzerne couuty, Pa., has named the
following boards for examination of candidates
for mine foremen and mine inspectors' certifificates:
Inspectors Board—George L. Walker, William
Toner, Frank Schmear, Robert A. Quinn and John
\Y. Berry.
Mine Foremen's Boards: District 6—Hugh Mc­
Donald, Henry McMillan, John Martin and John
Gravell; Distiict 9—Henry G. Davis, Simon Carpenter
and James Addis; District 10—J. J. Walsh,
F. H. Kohlbraker, Frank Kettle and Joseph Dziaiowski;
District 11—D. J. Roderick, John Turn
back, F. W. Young and James North; District 7—
Thomas J. Williams, Samuel R. Morgan, William
Chappell and Patrick McGrain; District 8—S. J.
Jennings, James McCarthy, Harry Jones and Edwin
Carlin.
Miners' Examining Board—Thomas Curtis, Edward
Doggett, James F. Gildea, Jacob Gettinger,
Daniel B. Gallagher, David Joseph, John H. Evans,
Morris Ryan, and Michael H. Quinan.
Idle Cars Grow More Plentiful.
The summary of car statistics compiled by ihe
American Railway Association for the period
ended March 15 shows a net increase in idle cars
of something over 6,000. While the surpluses
show a decrease of 531 cars of all sorts, the shortages
show a decrease of 6,925, making a net increase
in the car supply of 6,394. Coal tars show
a decreased surplus of 172 and an increased shortage
of 421, or a nee decrease in the supply of 593,
not enough to make any marked change in the
coal car situation, even were cars in more demand.
Oompaiative figures for the year follow:
1913. Sin plus. Shortage. Nets urplus.
March 15 .... . . 57,998 20,223 37,775
March 1 . . 58.529 27.14S
31,38!
February 1.. . . 62,045 24,785 37,260
Februarv .... . . 62,045 24,785 37,26')
January 15. . . . 53,230 24.971 28.439
The city council of Cranston, R. I., has passed
a resolution favoring the establishment of a
municipal coal yard and it is proposed to ask
the legislature to authorize such an institution
in any community where a majority of the voters
approve of the plan.
The Stanton Coal Co. has reopened its mine at
Short Gap, near Clarysville, Md.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
J. V. Thompson of Uniontown, Pa., has closed
deals for the purchase of two parcels of coal land
in Greene county. Pa. From J. W. Closser of
Waynesburg he bought 250 acres of coal in Morris
township at $175 an acre. F. M. Patterson sold
to Thompson a third interest in 150 acres in
Wayne township at $225 an acre.
The Consolidation Coal Co. recently took over
the farm of John Biesecker. consisting of 318
acres, in .lenner township, Somerset county. Pa.
The coal was purchased by the company several
years ago and the recent deal is taken to mean
that new mining operations may soon be started.
M. F. Byers and C. R. Ferner, president of the
Peoples National Bank, both of Mt. Pleasant, Pa.,
have bought coal lands in West Virginia fronting
on the Ohio, fhe former 500 and the latter 100
acres at $60 per acre.
J. L. Hillman & Sons of Pittsburgh, G. G. Kerr
of Canonsburg, Pa., and L. Newton Burnett of
Carmichaels. Pa., have purchased 1,700 acres of
coal near Carmichaels from original owners at
$600 per acre.
James L. Rush, of Waynesburg, Pa., has pur­
chased 260 acres of coal in Center township, Pa..
Greene county, Pa., from George G. Gans, of
Iniontown. Pa. Tbe consideration was $39,000.
Josiah V. Thompson, of Uniontown. Pa., has
bought 150 acres of coal in Center township,
Greene county. Pa., for $28,500 from Henry M.
Stewart, of Oak Forest, Pa.
Mrs. T. J. Wisecarver of Waynesburg. Pa., has
sold to J. V. Thompsoi of Uniontown, Pa., 190
acres of coal in Monongalia county, W. Va., for
$55,100.
Dr. Charles E. Altemus, of Johnstown, Pa., has
laken options on 1,700 acres of coal near Vinton-
dalc. Pa., at $115 per acre.
The Beech Bottom Coal Co., of Wellsburg, W.
Va., composed of John M. Stauffer, of Scottdale:
James S. Braddock, of Mt. Pleasant, and ethers,
has sold the company's coal holdings of 2,500 acres
of Pittsburgh eoal near Wellsburg, together with a
coal plant, to the Richland Coal Co., of Wheeling,
W. Va., for $600,000.
A new vein of coal was discovered at Rocky
Ridge, in the new drift of the Possum Hollow Coal
& Coke Co., near Huntingdon, Pa., which is six
feet six inches of pure coal.
COAL BRIQUET MAKING IN CHILE.
The coal supply problem in Chile is receiving
much attention in the country of late, and some
of the coal mining companies are seriously study­
ing the matter of manufacturing briquets from the
waste or slack at the mines, said to average about
30 per cent, of the total production, for the reason
that the coal mined in Chile is so soft, writes
Consul Alfred A. Winslow, Valparaiso.
A limited amount of briquets has been manu­
factured in this country during the past two years
with good results, and now one of the leading
coal companies in Chile (Compafiia Carbinifera
de los Rios de Curanilahue) has placed an order
for a complete briquet plant, to cost about $95,000
United States gold, with a capacity of 250 tons
each 10 hours. The average retail price of bri­
quets is $10.10, gold, per ton.
This will open up a fairly good market for coal
tar, since this is an important factor in the manu­
facture of briquets, and none is produced in this
country. The process used is German. The
government railways consume large quantities of
coal, and have given the briquets a thorough test
with very good results. The following table
gives, in tons, the amount of native and imported
coals consumed during the eight years previous to
1912:
Native Coal . Foreign Co;
241,029
2',3,0S9
211,547
188,547
259,456
2S8.963
999 795
403,050
12,717
20,555
78,243
173,779
186,882
171,083
267,122
115,209
The governmen gives preference to native coal
and briquets, ;,nd the demand is increasing very
rapidly.
The Superba Coal Co., of Connellsville, composed
of J. L. Kendall and Thomas Watson, of Pitts­
burgh: S. A. Kendall, of Washington; James P.
Watson, of Saltsburg. and A. C. Stickel, of Con­
nellsville, has taken out a new- charter under the
name of the Evans Coal & Coke Co., and will con­
struct a 60-oven coke plant in Evans Station, near
Uniontown. The contracts for the new plant
have been awarded.
There will be ,$17,500 for the maintenance and
permanent improvements at the Hebron lignite
coal experimental station, according to Dean E. J.
Babcock of the school of mines of North Dakota.

To encourage its employes to keep their premises
clean and attractive, the Berwind-White Coal Mining
Co. has offered a number of prizes. It is proposed
to award three prizes to the tenants of the
company who have the best and neatest looking
premises between April 1 and December 1, 1913,
The first prize will be $25, the second $15, and the
third $10. The coal company would like to see
cultivated gardens, well-kept lawns, and more beautiful
premises.
According to tbe report of the state mineralogist
of California the total coal production of the
state in 1912 was 11,848 tons, valued at $39,092,
an average of $2.C3 per ton, an increase in tonnage
ancl value over 1911, the production in that year
being 11,047 tons, valued at $U,297, or an average
of $1.65 per ton. The increase in value was due
to an improvement in the quality. The local demand
was strengthened in 1912.
At a meeting of the stockholders of the Stant'-
ard-Quemahoning Coal Co., held at Jenners, Pa.,
the old directors and officers were re-elected as
follows: Justus Volk, president; Frank D. Allen,
vice president, and Frank Feese, secretary and
treasurer. Messrs. Volk, Allen and Feese comprise
the board of directors. Plans for future
development of the same company's fields near
there were discussed.
Governor O'Neal of Alabama has announced the
Pratt. Consolidated Coal Co. has settled the claims
held against it for $12,800 arising from the guarantee
clause in the convict contract between that
company and the state. This settlement covers
the period during which the convicts working at
the Banner mines were idle following the fire
which caused a cessation of coal mining at that
point.
The new coal mine inspection bill of Colorado
has been signed and is now a law. Each coal mine
operator will be compelled to pay to the coal mine
inspection department one-third of 1 cent for each
ton of coal mined. It is expected this will bring
in approximately $24,000 a year. Expenses of the
department will be $15,000 to $18,000 a year and
the balance will go into the general fund.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
The Belleville, 111., sub-district convention ot the
United Aline Workers of America, in East St.
Louis, 111 , elected the following officers: Thomas
J. Reynolds of CoIliLSviHe, president; R. J. Wilson,
of Marissa, vice president; Walter Nesbit of
Belleville, secretary; Fred Dingerson of Mt. Olive,
A. C. Schneider of Staunton and Joseph McDonald
of Trenton, auditors.
Paul Bertucci, of Illinois, who is one of the
I'nited Mine Workers' organizers stationed in District
No. 7. has been reappointed for another year.
Tbe new hall of the United Mine Workers of
America at Portage, Pa., was formally dedicated
April 1. Addresses were delivered by- Robert
Baxter and John Mugridge.
As a result of the Oklahoma legislature repealing
the mine-run law, the headquarters of District
No. 21. United Mine Workers of America, including
Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri anel Kansas,
are to be moved from McAlester, Okla., to Ft.
Smith, Ark., according to a semi-official report.
Over 50,000 miners in South Wales have handed
in a month's notice to quit their employment as
a protest against the engagement in the mines of
non-unionist workmen. Failing an agreement between
the men and their employers all tbe pits
will be idle on May 1.
The Pennsylvania Senate has passed finally the
two House bills amending the acts safeguarding
miners in and about anthracite and bituminous
mines by punishing the obtaining of fraudulent
certificates and extending to truant officers tho
power to enforce the act.
Demanding higher wages, employes at the Paulton,
Pa., plant of the Hicks Coal Co. struck, and
the works was closed April 4. The strike was
started by tbe drivers, who have been receiving
$2.35 a day. They were followed by the cutters
The canvassing board of district No. 11, or the and loaders.
Indiana bituminous field, United Mine Workers of
The United Mine Workers of America of sub-
America, has reported the result of the vote foi
district No. 1 of district 6, or Ohio, have elected
district officers. William Houston of Terre Haute
H. A. Lanning of New Pittsburgh, O., president;
was elected president; James Shiel, Terre Haute,
James Allen of Nelsonville vice president, and
vice president: Charles Fox, Bicknell (re-elected),
Maurice Albaugh of Murray City secretary-treas­
secretary-treasurer; Frank Ramage, Knightsville,
urer.
international board member.
Two stern wheel steam barges have been ordered
by the government for use by surveyors and mineralogists
in opening up the MInewaska coal fields
at Controller Bay, Alaska, in the interest of the
navy department.
The United Mine Workers' organization of Iowa
is planning the creation of a legal department to
prosecute personal injury cases of members.

40
ISLAND CREEK COAL COMPANY'S
EARNINGS WERE LARGE.
The report of the Island Creek Coal Co. for the
year ended Dec. 31, 1912, shows net earnings of
$811,048, aaginst $582,117 in 1911. The income
account compares as follows:
1912. 1911.
Net earnings from main and subsidiary
companies $811,048 $582,117
Administration and general expenses
57,253 60,421
Profit from all sources before interest
753,795 521,796
Interest receivable on bank deposits,
etc 1S.693 9,916
Net profits for year 772,489 531,012
Dividends 099,939 298,255
Reserve funds 95,356
Total 795,395 298,255
Deficit for year 22,806 *233,357
-Slll'lillls.
President Albeit F. Holden in his remarks to
the stock-holders says:
"The properties have been operated continuously
during the year, and produced 2.039,837 tons. Net
capital expenditures for the year amounted to
$534,522. which have been especially required in
the construction of 120 houses ancl the completion
of 3S houses in course of construction Jan. 1, 1912;
tbe construction of a new hospital and its equipment:
new store buildings at mines 7 and S; a
Catholic church and parsonage; new mine equipment,
including 12 six-ton locomotives and two
15-ton locomotives, mining machines, mining cars,
etc.: expenditures on account of docks in Superior,
Wis.: and especially the construction and equipment
of the new dock at Duluth, Minn."
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
KEYSTONE COAL AND COKE COMPANY TO
TO GIVE ITS EMPLOYES GARDEN PLOT.
Following the established custom inaugurated
years ago, the Keystone Coal & Coke Co., of
Greensburg, Pa., will give all of its employes truck
gardens and potato patches. Many of the industrious
miners avail themselves of the opportunity
and raise a good portion of their table
vegetables.
To add encouragement the company gives the
miners at each plant substantial cash prizes as a
reward for their labors.
The men are given a plot of ground and it
is fertilized and made ready for planting by the
company. Then it is up to the miner or his
family to work it. The crop is his reward and
he not only has a fine chance to win a cash
award, but he can reduce the cost of living by
raising his garden produce.
The residents of Crow's Nest all have fine
large gardens and many of them yielded their
owners large crops last season.
Fine shade trees have been planted along the
streets in the town and some other mining villages
and an effort is being made to grow fine
lawns with flowers, etc.
INTERNATIONAL COAL AND COKE
COMPANY MAKES GOOD SHOWING.
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the
International Coal & Coke Co. was held recently
in Spokane. Wash., and the following officers were
elected: A. C. Flummeitelt, Victoria, B. C, president;
Hugh Davidson, Vancouver, B. C, first vice
president; D. H. Kize.', Spokane, second vice president;
John McKeagan, Coleman, Alberta, treasurer;
W. G. Graves, Spokane, secretary; Miss
.Myrtle Elliott, Spokane, assistant secretary; It.
W. Riddle, Coleman, Alberta, managing director.
The diieetors are A. C. Flummerfelt, Hugh Davidson,
F. H. Graves, D. H. Kizer and W. G. Graves.
The ninth annual report of the company, covering
the period ended Dee. 31, 1912, showed a net
profit ot $232,198 lor the 12 months, of which
$132,198 was transferred to the surplus account
and $100,000 nas j^en carried forward into the
working and dividend fund for the current year.
Tbe company's liabilities were reduced $139,318
and the assets were increased $92,880, while the
payroll amounted to $503,906, expended during the
254 days the mires were operating, employing an
average of 030 men daily. The expenditures for
development, additions to plant and other necessary
outlay aggregated $61,342.
The assets oi the company total $3,98 7,443, segregated
as follows: Coal lands, $3,135,956; plant,
dwellings, horses, etc., $65S,817; warehouse stock,
$27,890; accounts receivable, $166,753; stocks of
coal anel coke. $2,173; unexpired insurance, $1,682;
cash on hand, $172.
•Westmoreland Coal Valuation.
The Westmoreland, Pa., County Commissioners
have fixed the final valuations on the coal lands
of the county for taxable purposes. The taxable
valuations are as follows:
Connellsville field, including Marguerite and
Whitney, $900 an acre; field between Marguerite,
Whitney and Latrobe, $800; Monastery Works,
$600; field north of Latrobe, $550; Greensburg
field, $600; Irwin field north of the Youghiogheny
river, $450; W. B. Skelly coal and coke field, $400;
Rostraver field, $600; Ligonier field, $600; Loyalhanna
field, $400.

WELSH COLLIERY COMBINE
HAS LARGE OUTPUT.
The Welsh Colliery combine which has been
formed by D. A. Thomas has now been registered
at London, Eng., with a capital of £1,900,000. Mr.
Thomas is the chairman of the combine, which w ill
become the largest Welsh colliery concern in existence.
The capital will lie divided into £1,000,-
000 of 6 per cent, preference shares and £900,000
of ordinary shares. It is believed that further
absorption of Welsh colliery propeities is contemplated.
At present the combine consists of the
Cambrian, Glamorgan, Naval and Britannic Merthyr
collieries.
The foremost position in the Welsh coal trade
is now held by the Powell Duffryn Co . which has
an annual production exceeding 3,000,000 tons.
new combine lias a production of about 3,000.000
tons, which will be increased to 4,000,000 tons
when further shafts have been sunk. Such at
any rate is the anticipation of the directors of the
combine. Tbe combined 'apital of the four companies
now being merged amounts to £1,500,000
anw new capital to the amount of £400.000 is intended
to be raised i'or the purposes of the further
development work.
Consolidation Coal Company Officers Reelected.
The recently elected board of directors of the
Consolidation Coal Co. met in Baltimore, Md.,
April 7 and re-elected all the old officers. Including
former Senator Clarence W. Watson as chairman
of the board. The quarterly dividend of
1'/. per cent, was also declared on the company's
stock. This is the same rate of dividend the
company has paid for several years, as the stock
is recognized as one of the standard 0 per cent.
dividend payers.
The meeting was attended by former Governor
A. B. Fleming of West Virginia, who went to
Baltimore for the purpose. After the meeting a
number of the officers, including President Jere
H. Wheelwright, went to New York.
At the annual meeting of the Western Coal &
Dock Co., the old officers' resignations were accepted
and the following elected: P. Reiss, president;
J. P. Reiss, vice president; W. A. Reiss, secretary.
The Interstate Commerce Commission has ruled
that the New Kentucky Coal Co. should have been
accorded the through rates on certain shipments
of coke from Virginia to points in Illinois and
Wisconsin via Louisville & Nashville and connecting
lines. The roads were ordered to refund
the difference between the sum of the local
rates, which was charged, and the through rate.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
THE NEW GENERAL MANAGER OF THE
CONSOLIDATION COAL COMPANY
MR. FRANK R. LYON.
.Mr. Lyon was recently made general manager of
all the Consolidation Coal Co.'s .properties in
Maryland. Pennsylvania. West Virginia and Kentucky.
His headquarters wili he in Fairmont, W.
Va., but much of his time will be spent in the field
anel at the several division headquarters. Mr.
Lyon established a high standard as general superintendent
of the company at Somerset and is
looked upon as one of the broadest and most progressive
operating men of the country. He is
just in his prime ancl will unquestionably establish
a new high record in his broader work.
Fifty thousand acres of coal and timber lands
are involved in a suit which was begun in Charleston,
W. Va., before the Federal district court.
The suit is filed by Max Landsburg, Jr., of Baltimore,
administrator of his father's estate, against
Henry B. McCormick and others. Two of the defendants
are the William M. Ritter Lumber Co.
and the Pocahontas Coal & Coke Co. which have
the timber and coal rights and a large portion of
the property.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
John Lochrie of Windber, Pa., has leased 400
acres of coal lands near liunlo. Pa., owned by-
Matthew Colvin and Mrs. Eliza ('. Smith of Holli
daysburg, Pa. A shaft will be sunk at once and
it is expected that 1,000 tons of coal daily will be
mined within a short time. The agreement pro­
vides that Mr. Lochrie shall mine not less than
2.000 tons of eoal daily as scon as the develop­
ments contemplate d are completed.
Byrne Brothers, who recently purchased the
Mathias, Miller and Keller tracts of coal in Se­
wickley township, Payette county, i'a., have begun
operations on the Miller tract, where a force of
workmen are at work driving the main entry for
the mim. The company has purchased a tract
of 20 acres of ground from David Errett near the
site of the new works. A new town will be built
on it.
The Madeiia Hilt Coa! Mining Co. has purchased
5,000 acres of coal land in the Clover Run
district, near Punxsutawney, Pa A tipple wili
lie erected at once. Surveys have been com­
pleted for a two-mile spur from the Beiiwood
division of the Pennsylvania railroad to the new
operation.
The Blairsville Coal & Coke Co. has contracted
lor erection cf lo eoke ovens near Blairsville, Pa.
State Senator Jacob C. Stineman, 70 years old,
of South Fork. Pa, died in his home Apri! 2, of
erysipelas. Mr. Stineman was horn in Adams
township, Cambria county. Pa., and in his early-
days was a school teacher. When the Civil war
broke out he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred
ancl Ninety-eighth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volun­
teers. After the war he took up farming and
later engaged in coal mining. At one time he
was the largest individual producer of bitumi­
nous eoal in this state. He was connected witli
the Stineman Coal & Coke Co., the Stineman Coal
Mining Co., the South Fork Co. and several banks
in Cambria county. In 1888 he was elected
sheriff of Cambria county. In 1889 he was a
delegate to the Republican State convention. In
1891 be was chairman of tbe Cambria county Re­
publican committee and in 1892 was elected to the
legislature. He was elected a State senator from
the Thirty-fifth senatorial district in 1S96 and
bad served continuously, except for four years,
until his death. He leaves five sons and one
daughter. The funeral was held in the South
Fork United Evangelical church April 5 and
burial was in South Fork cemetery, beside the
body of his wife, who died a year ago.
Mr. Evan Beedle, a retired coal operator in
Jefferson township, near West Elizabeth, Pa., died
recently. He was born in Wales 79 years ago,
and settled in McKeesport when 16 years old. He
started in life in the coai mines and later was en­
gaged on coal boats to the South. He was asso-
eiated for many years with Mr. Alexander Demp­
ster, of Pittslmrgli, in operating coal mines, the
properties he later sold to the Monongahela River
Consolidated Coal & Coke Co. Since that timi
he had been retired. At ihe time of his death he
was a director ol the First National Bank of West
Elizabeth and was an extensive real estate owner
in the Monongahela valley. He leaves bis widow
and the following children: William, of Elrama;
Stephen, of Homestead; Edward W., of West Eliza­
beth; Henry, at home; John W., of Blair station;
Evan, Jr., at home; Mrs. Roland Latta, of Mc­
Keesport; Mrs. George Maurer, of Blair station,
ancl Mrs. E. P. Jones, of Jefferson township.
Mr. Charles Hart, aged 60, night foreman in
the United mine of the I'nited Coal O., Elizabeth,
Pa., died in his home, Elizabeth, during the fort­
night from injuries sustained a half hour earlier.
Hart was caught between two electric motors and
both legs' were crushed.
Mr. Ben S. Hammill, former general sales agent
of the Monongahela River Coal & Coke Co. and
later of the Pittsburgh Terminal Railroad & Coal
Co., and now engaged in operating mines for his
own account, has been elected president and general
manager of the Meadow Lands Coal Co. The
Pittsburgh offices of the company have been removed
from the Frick building to the new Van­
adium building in the Oakland district of Pittsburgh.
Former Division Mine Superintendent Alexan­
der Bennett of the Delaware & Hudson Co. has
been appointed to succeed Mr. John G. Haynes
as general superintendent of the Peoples Coal Co.
He has assumed the duties of his new position.
Mr. Henry H. Pease has been elected treasurer
of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co., vice Samuel
S. Snevd, deceased.
The Lehigh Valley Coal Sales Co. has declared
a dividend of 2V_, per cent, or $1.25 per share, pay­
able April 21 to stock of record April 10. This
is the same rate as was declared three months ago
anel six months ago, being the third dividend the
company has declared.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
RESCUE WORK IN CANADIAN COAL MINES*
The fatality rate in the coal mines of Canada
and the United States, according to the mining
engineer of the Commission of Conservation,®
is considerably higher than that of any of the
European coal mining countries. The low death
rate in the latter has been due to the effect of
mining legislation for the safety and protection of
the lives of the workmen, ancl has been made possible
by Government action in establishing test
ing stations for the study of problems relating to
safety in mining, including that of explosives.
Great Britain, France, Austria, Holland and Belgium,
Russia, and Germany have made it compulsory
for all mines to have a certain equipment of
mine rescue apparatus constantly on hand.
The first practical attempts to construct respiratory
apparatus were made by French engineers
as far back as 1824, and since that time little was
done in this connection until the latter part of
the nineteenth century. In 1906 a terrible disaster
occurred at Courrieres in France, when 1,loo
lives were lost, the largest number of deaths
being due, not to the force of the explosion, but
to carbon monoxide ooisoning. About a year after
this disaster decrees were issued in Russia relating
to the organization of rescue corps and the
installation of rescue apparatus in coal mines. An
investigation was made in France shortly after
the Courri&res disaster and a ministerial order
was issued ancl came into force in 1908, compelling
all mines employing more than loo men underground
to be provided with breathing apparatus
capable of allowing the wearer to remain at least
one hour in irrespirable atmosphere. In Belgium,
the Crown, on the recommendation of the
Minister of Industry and Labour, issued a decree
prescribing the use of special apparatus for affording
help to victims of mining accidents or to persons
exposed to clanger in mines. In Austria
where three classes of mines, gaseous, medium
gaseous, and non-gaseous, are recognized, all mines
of the gaseous group must make provision for
mine rescue work, but no provision is compelled
for mine rescue equipment in the other two groups.
In Germany the mines are under the control of
the district officers, the superior mine offices, and
the Minister of Commerce and Trade. Up to
1907 the provision of mine rescue appliances was
not generally compulsory but in all the collieries
in certain districts of Germany mine rescue apparatus
was usual, and men were regularly trained
in their use. At the present time most of the
•Labour Gazette, March, 101.",.
rollepert on Mine Rescue Work
Dick, M.Sc. Ottawa, 101L'.
districts in Germany have provisions relating to
mine rescue equipment. In Great Britain the
question of compulsory mine rescue was considered
by the Bri'.ish Royal Commission on Mines
and the opinion was expressed that the question
was ripe for further development and demanded
tlie serious attention of the industry, but that
sufficient advance had not been made to justify
compulsory provision of rescue appliances. Between
1907 and 1909, however, many private mine
rescue stations were erected. In 1912 an order
made by the Secretary of State under Section 1
of the Mines Accidents Rescue and Aid Act, 1910.
provided for the organization and maintenance of
competent rescue brigades on the following scale:
There shall be organized and maintained at
every mine, as soon as is reasonably practicable.
competent rescue brigades on the following scale:
Where the number of underground employes
is 250 or less 1 brigade.
Where the number oi underground employes
is more than 250 but not more
than 700 2 brigades.
Where the number of underground employes
is more than 700 Imt not moie
than 1.000 3 brigades
Where the number of underground employes
is more than 1.000 4 brigades.
Prior to 190S little progress in the adoption of
breathing apparatus at mines had been made in
the United Stales. At that time, there were onlv
a few sets of modern apparatus in the whole
country. Since then, the use of the apparatus
by the Technologic branch of the United States
Geological Survey ancl by the Buieau of Mines,
which is carrying on Lie mine-accident investigations
begun by the Geological Survey, has awakened
wide-spread interest and has called attention
to the value of tbe apparatus in fighting mine
fires ancl in exploring mines after explosions. In
consequence, a number of the largest coal mining
companies in this country have established train
ing stations.
RESCUE WORK IN CANADA.
In Canada, as regulation of mines is a function
of each Province, the Federal Government has no
authority to require operators in the several coal
mining provinces to make provision for minerescue
apparatus. Of tbe coa! producing provinces,
British Columbia is the only on i that requires
rescue apparatus to be kept at coal mines.
The following is a short account, by provinces, of
the nature and extent of mine
Canada tiy XV. -I. Canada:
rescue work in

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
NOVA SCOTIA.
There are no Government rescue stations in this
province, nor is theie any provision for compul­
sory mine rescue training and equipment at coal
mines. Nevertheless, a number of the most im­
portant mines have well equippped rescue stations
and a laige body of men trained in the use ot
breathing apparatus. In 1908 the Dominion Coil
Co. completed :he installation at Glace Bay of the
first central "rescue" station equipped with oxy­
gen breathing, fire-lighting apparatus, to be estab­
lished on the North American Continent.®
ALBERTA.
In this province, no statutory provision is made
for compulsory mine rescue training and equip­
ment at coal mines. The opinion seems to be
that it is better to have one or more central sta­
tions with officials in charge who will be respon­
sible for the upkeep of the apparatus. At present
there is cnly one mine rescue station in Alberta.
This is a temporary station situated at Blairmore,
and is available for all tbe mines in the Crow's
Nest Pass district. An additional rescue station
is now being erected at Lethbridge and, in a short
time, a third will be established at Kipp. The
Blairmore station has only been in operation since
March, 1912. One-half of tbe cost of the equip­
ment and operation of this station will be borne
by tbe Government of Alberta, an 1 one-half by
the different operators in the district. The sta­
tion in use at present consists of three rooms, each
24 feet by 14 teet; the apparatus is kept in one,
another room it fitted up as an office and lecture
room: and the third is a sinoKe chamber. The
station is under the charge of a superintendent
holding a mine manager's certificate. The train­
ing occupies six days. It is expected that, within
a short time, a railway car will be fitted up with
rescue apparatus and moved from mine to mine.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Tne Coal Mines Regulation Act, 1911, makes
provision for rescue apparatus at mines, as fol­
lows:
"There shall be established by the owner, agent
or manager of every colliery such number of oxy­
gen helmets or some form of mine-rescue appara­
tus as may lie approved by the Minister of Mines.
"Such mine-rescue apparatus shall be constantly
maintained in an efficient and workable condition.
and shall in all cases be so stored or placed in or
about the mine as lo always be available for im­
mediate use.
"The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may from
lime to time establish mine-rescue stations for the
purpose of supplementing, in case of need, the col­
liery installations of mine-rescue apparatus, and
also for the purpose of training the holders of
certificates of competency under this act in tbe
use of such mine-rescue apparatus as may be ap­
proved by the Minister of Mines; and it shall be
incumbent on the owner, agent, or manager ol
every operating mine to have ail certificated offi­
cials who are physically fit, and not less than three
per cent, of such number as the Chief inspector of
Mines may deem sufficient, of the workmen, trained
in the use of such established mine-rescue appara
tus.
"Provided that in cases of emergency such sta­
tions shall be available for the use of any trained
corps of mine-rescuers, duly qualified medical prac­
titioners, or corps trained in the work of first aid
lo the injured, subject, always, to the order of an
Inspector of Mines."
This act has now been in force a little over a
year, and the operators, as well as the Govern­
ment, are doing all in their power to lessen the
number of fatalities incident to mine explosions
and mine fires in so far as this can lie accom­
plished by trained men equipped with suitable
breathing apparatus. The Government of Brit­
ish Columbia has secured sites for rescue stations
at Fernie. in the Crow's Nest district, and at Nan­
aimo, Vancouver Island. fenders have been
called for the erection of these buildings and they
will be completed at an early date. Apparatus
is owned hy the Government and is distributed at
Nanaimo. Cumberland, Hosmer and Middlesboro.
All the operating companies own. or have on order.
oxygen apparatus of some type, ancl some companies
own stations for training purposes. The
Western Fuel Co. erected the first stations in the
province. It was opened in the autumn of 1910,
and since- that time 62 employes have taken a
course of training in it and have been awarded
certificates of competency. The Canadian Col­
lieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, Extension Colliery,
l Extension), nave just completed a station which
contains a smoke room, observation room, work­
room and dressing room. The Vancouver-Nanaimo
Coal Co., Nanaini' , have no special station but
have equipment and do their training inside the
mine. The Pacific Coast Coal Mines, Limited,
South Wellington, have a station and have done
considerable work in training employes. Prac­
tice is also had in the mine. The Inland Coal &
Coke Co., Tiie Hosmer Lines, Limited, The Crow's
Nest Pass Coal Co., Limited, Michel and Coal
Creek, all carry out training operations. It is
expected that in the near future, central rescue
stations will be established to supply groups of
collieries in every mining distiict
©A description of tlds station anil el' tin- apparatus
with which it was eqnipped was published in the Labour
ctazette ef January. 1000, the- article in enicstinn beini
hasod «n an article contributed by Mr F. W. Cray t(i
the Canadian Mining Journal of November 15. 1908

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 46
FORESTRY AS RELATED TO MINING 4
By Prank D. lia President and General Manager, St. Bernard Minin Earlington, Ky.
That the rapid depletion of our timber resourcet
and the consequent necessity for the perpetuation
of at least a. portion of our forests is now one ot
the most pressing questions ot our national life
is most generally recognized. Taken in their
entirety, the effect and influence of forests on the
climate, stream-flow and w ater conditions of a
country are of inestimable value, while the pro­
ducts of the forest go to make up the raw ma­
terial for or are in some way necessary to the
greater portion of our useful arts.
In the conference of governors in 1908, R. A.
Long quoted from Barnard Palissy, who in the
Sixteenth century wrote as follows:
"For when the forests shall be cut all arts shall
cease, and they who practice them shall be driven
out to eat grass with Nebuchadnezzar and the
beasts of the field. I have at divers times
thought to set down in writing the arts that
would perish when there shall be no more wood.
but when I had written down a gieat number, I
did perceive that there will be no end of my writ­
ing, and having diligently considered, T found that
there was not any whith could be followed with­
out wood, and I could well allege a tnousand rea­
sons, but it. is so. cheap a philosophy the very-
chamber wenches if they do but think may see
that without wood it is not possible to exercise
any manner of human art or cunning."
Among the many industries closely dependent
upon the forest, that of mining stands in the
forefront and, although the artisans of steel have
taken steps toward a partial replacement of wood
in various phases of mining operations, yet tim­
ber is and will remain vitally necessary in the
winning of eoal and other minerals. In consid­
ering the seeming prodigal use of timber the
country over, it is well to draw near to the "Old
Kentucky Home" and note the consumption in
the mining operations in this field. Based on an
experience of a number of years, it has been found
that one company in the Western Kentucky dis­
trict has used 3 B. M. feet of timber in raising
one ton of coal, and. since this figure obtains in
a locality where no particular difficulties of top
present themselves, it is but fair to assume that
this may be considered somewhere near the aver­
age for the district. And while the mining opera
tions are recmiring a toll of the forest to this ex­
tent, yet even this amount is but a small pro­
portion of the total annual "cut."
About two years ago, the U. S. Geological Sur­
•Paper read at the winter meeting Kentucky Mining
Institute.
vey, in connection with the Kentucky Survey,
prepared a table showing forest conditions in
54 counties of Kentucky, together with an esti­
mate of the number of years the supply would
last. The following rather startling figures on
the conditions in several counties of the Western
Kentucky mining district were taken from this
table:
Christian Co. 117,000 178,000,000 14,000,000 12
Muhlenberg Co. 110.000 204,000,000 36,000,000 6
Hopkins Co.. 147.000 186,000,000 23,000,000 8
McLean Co... 74.000 197,000,000 62,000,000 3
Webster Co... 35,000 38,000,000 15,000,000 2
Union Co 12,000 15,000,000 4,000,000 3
Henderson Co. 37,000 56,000,000 11.000,000 5
Daviess Co.... 114,000 220.000,000 13,000,000 17
With these figures before us, which after all
but reflect the condition of the timber supply in
many of our coal fields, the necessity for refores­
tation should appeal to us as never before, and
ihe mining companies by reason of their owner­
ship of denuded hills and broom-sedge fields, are
thus peculiarly situated to take the lead in the
work so necessary to the country as a wdiole. so
vital to the mining industry in particular.
Among those Kentuckians who early perceived
the necessity for making provisions to replace the
increasing annual slaughter of timber, the name of
the late John B. Atkinson stands pre-eminent.
and, unlike many, who after forming a correct
theory fail to put it into practice, this forceful
pioneer in the field of tree-planting, proceeded to
prove his "faith by his works." In taking up
this work, lie was actuated by unselfishness and
patriotism of a higher order, since he sowed with­
out the expectation of reaping, and conscious of
the fact that, even while coming generations are
enjoying the results of his wise forethought, they
may be unmindful of the benefactor.
As managing director and president of the St.
Bernard Mining Co., Mr. Atkinson about 24 years
ago began planting walnuts upon the hills and
waste lands of this company and this early plant­
ing was quickly followed and broadened to in­
clude catalpa speciosa, tulip (yellow poplar) and
black locusts. The plantings of this company to
date are represented by the following species and
figures:

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Black walnut (Juglans nigra) 1,500,000 (430,-
000) on 162 acres.
Catalpa speciosa. 211,000 on 300 acres.
Black locust I Robina pseudacacia). 314,000 on
440 acres.
Tulip (yellow poplar) (Liriodendrum tulipifera)
30,000 on 60 acres.
A total of 2.055.000 trees, of which 985,000 are
planted on 962 acres. 1.070,not) black walnuts
were planted in many vacant spots in different
parts of the property.
As stated above, the St. Bernard Company be­
gan planting the black walnut 24 years ago. and
the matured nut of which was planted in the au­
tumn, in prepared ground, spaced approximately
4 feet by 4 feet. This apparently close spacing
of the trees was designed to bring about an up­
ward rather than a spreading growth and it has
had its effect. A? time has passed it has become
necessary to occasionally thin out the grove In-
removing seme of the trees, but usually nature
may be dep°nded upon to clo this by applying the
rule of "the survival of the fittest." The largest
of these trees now measures about ten inches in
diameter, the smallest four indies in diameter.
The Catalpa speciosa has been planted exten­
sively and in the majority of instances has proven
a hardv and rapid growing tree. Its best growth
has been made in good soil, but it has made satis­
factory progress on poorer land. It is planted
7 feet by 7 feet or thereabouts and in order to
give it a good start in life, should be cultivated
for a few years. According to authorities, the
Catalpa possesses most of tlie virtues of the best
of our trees, with practically none of their bad
qualities.
That the black locust has procen the most sat­
isfactory of any of the plantings of this company,
it may be safely stated. Belonging as it does to
the pulse family and drawing its nitrogen from
the air and enriching the soil, this hardy tree is
flourishing on poor ground as well as on the rich.
although it should not be planted in lowdands or
damp places. These trees are spaced about the
same as the catalpa. The locust usually makes
a straight trunk and trims itself, Ihe lower limbs
dying and falling i ft as the tree continues its
growth. An interesting comparison of the wal­
nut, catalpa ancl locust has heen made on one of
the farms of the St. Bernard Comapny, by plant
ing each of the above in the same locality, in tbe
same soil ancl under tbe same general conditions
as nearly as possible. The trees have been out
for seven years and at this lime tlie black locust
is apparently the leader in the novel race. The
locust like the catalpa, becomes a perpetual forest,
throwing out new shoots from the stump after
cutting. It is valuable for mine timbers, fence
posts and many other purposes.
The tulip (yellow poplar) has been planted in
good ground 10 feet by 10 feet apart and shows a
satisfactory growth. This is a most beautiful
tree and the timber useful in many ways.
Blue grass has been sown in tbe walnut and
locust plantings at several points and a good
"stand" made, which affords grazing and throws
a safeguarding around young forest by preventing
burning over in Ihe dry fall seasons. The locust
groves also kill out the heavy broom grass, so fre­
quently seen in our old fields, and this fact, taken
in connection >vith the small size and character
of leaves from these trees, reduces the danger of
lorest fires to a minimum.
Having thus considered the method and means
lor reforestation, a process that wil! require years
before fruition, it .voulel s^em fitting to sound a
note of warning to those companies and indi­
viduals who are so fortunate as to find themselves
still in possession of timbered lands. In tbe
observation of the late Mr. Atkinson it was ascer­
tained that in producing a tree 12 inches in diam­
eter the various species require the following num­
ber of years:
Black locust 45 years.
Tulip 50
Black oak 50 "
Black walnut 58
Sweet gum 62
Ash 72 "
Hickory 90 "
White oak 100 "
And so, mighty oaks ancl poplars wer-3 not grown
in a decade nor yet in a century, and it should be
a fixed policy to protect and harvest tticse wisely
and conservatively. .Much timber is still wasted
in tbe stump and tops, and younger trees manv
times are destroyed in tbe felling of a larger
neighbor, all of which evils may be corrected by
proper attention. The forest fires, recurring as
they do with each tall season, are destructive to
young trees as well as to old, and the prevention
and proper handling of this menace constitutes
one ot tbe seiious problems of forestry. Where
practicable, forest reserves should be fenced so
that the young ttees may begin their growth pro­
tected from cattla and other destructive agencies.
In concluding, it is to be hoped that mining men
may be keenly alert to the dependence of our in­
dustry on forestry, and lend their aid in the solu­
tion of this national problem, by planting and
caring for young trees and by conserving the pres-
e'nt supply of timber through wise harvesting and
protection from the many ever present dangers.

TIIE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
MINE FIRES AND HOW TO FIGHT THEM*
The history of coal mining shows that many
men have been killed and much loss of property
has resulted from mine fires. Most fires are
small at the start and may be quickly put out
if proper means are at hand and are used promptly.
Larger fires may result from gas or dust explosions.
Delay in examining a mine after an explosion
may enable a number of small fires in
different parts of the mine to gain headway and
get beyond control.
The rate at which a fire spreads varies greatly.
In some parts of a mine the progress of a fire
may be slow, while in others a fire may spread
rapidly and soon fill a large area. A fire within
a mine soon makes itself known by the smell or
the appearance of smoke or by the air getting
warmer in the vicinity of the fire.
Mine fires should always be considered as sources
of danger to miners as well as to property, and
every effort should be made to keep them from
starting and gaining headway. If a fire does
start, it may be kept from spreading and he confined
to a small area by the use of suitable equipment
and the observance of proper rules and regulations.
Thoughtless acts have started many
fires, and care, vigilance and discipline are even
more necessary in guarding against mine fires
than against surface fires.
The chief purpose of this circular is to call attention
to some methods of preventing a fire in a
mine and of quickly getting control of it after it
has started. The methods are those that the
miner .himself may use and are not those that
should always be adopted in fighting fires that
have gotten a good start. The fighting of a fire
that has made good headway is a matter for the
mine management, and is not described in this
circular. Methods of sealing off or flooding fires
or putting them out by water or gases, as well as
methods of flushing and opening up fire areas, are
being studied by the engineers of the Bureau of
Mines. The fighting of mine fires that have
gained headway and have not yielded to the remedies
presented in this paper will be described in
a bulletin to be published by the bureau. The
hints and suggestions given in this circular are
offered in the hope that they will prove useful
as a guide to miners in preventing fires and in putting
out fires that have not gained headway.
These suggestions are based on the assumption
that the operator has provided certain apparatus
and fire equipment for the miners' use.
•Miners' Circular Xo. lo. I". S. Bureau of Mines.
By lames W.Paul
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION.
Spontaneous combustion, or the beating of gob
or waste material that burns easily, has long been
considered a cause of underground fires. In some
kinds of coal, especially when loose and finely divided,
chemical changes occur that produce heat
enough to cause a fire. The reason why one coal
heats and takes fire and another does not heat is
now being studied by the Bureau of Mines. The
facts collected by the bureau show that the composition
of a coal has much to do with its liability
to heat and take fire spontaneously. In
mines working some coals, heating will result and
a fire occur if fine coal collects to small depths
only. Where fine eoal dust has accumulated in
old workings (lis crushing of coal pillars may
make enough heat to cause the coal to take fire.
Waste timber, such as props and ties which may
be paitly or wholly covered with dust, and fine
coal in the gob assist the spontaneous firing of the
coal. The danger of fires from this cause may be
greatly lessened by removing from the workings
all small coal, bone, sulphur balls, ancl unused timber.
In many mines the old workings, in which spontaneous
combustion may occur, are ventilated and
emergency doors are provided for closing an area
air-tight wherever a fire starts within it. The
miner should learn where these doors are placed
anel know when lo use them. If it is possible to
fight such a fire at close range, water should be
thrown on the fire, and the partly burned material
should be removed and taken outside of the mine.
Oily or greasy cotton waste is dangerous, for it.
is liable to heat and take fire spontaneously. All
greasy or oily waste, when not in use, should be
placed within a closed sheet-iron vessel and taken
outside of the mine every day. Do not allow
waste to remain in the mine unless kept within a
closed metal box.
USE OF EXPLOSI\ES.
Through tlfe improper use of explosives the
coal at the working face may be set on fire, particularly
if the detonators are too weak. The
use of a weak detonator may cause the explosive
to burn and thus set fire to the coal. In some
coal beds inflammable gases are set free by a blast,
and the explosive used in blasting may give
enough heat and flame tc set fire to these gases,
and thus gas feeders that could not be detected
before a blast catch fire from the flame of the
blast and in turn set fire to the coal. To reduce
the number of fires from blasting and to prevent

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the spread of a fire so started the working face
should be examined soon after each shot is fired.
If a miner finds a feeder burning, a good way to
put it out is io wet a piece of brattice cloth or
canvas and place that over the fire, thus excluding
some of the air and confining some of the
gases, and helping to smother the flame. In
some mines water in ban els or in pipe lines, boxes
of sand, or dry fir? clay are placed near the working
faces, where they can be used in putting out
a fire or a burning gas feeder. If no water, sand,
or clay is at band, the fire may be put out hy
throwing lumps of coal against the flame, or, if
(his fails, the miner should shovel the coal back
and smother the dame by throwing shovelfuls of
fine coal on or against it. Open lights should be
kept away from the working face for at least five
minutes immediately after a shot is fired. In
ihe examination of the working face with an open
light after a shot has been fired inflammable gas
is often lighted. This may result in firing the
coal. Be careful to put out any fire thus started.
GAS AXU DUST EXPLOSIONS.
The history of mine explosions shows that after
many explosions fires have started in different
parts of the same mine, brattice cloth, timber, gob,
and coal often being found on fire when the mine
is explored. The following precautions should be
taken in ord3r to prevent fires from being started
as the result of an explosion or to put them out
in case they have started.
Disconnect the electric power wires, if any, that
lead into the mine. The force of the explosion
may have disarranged the wires, and thus caused
short circuits that may start a fire: or, men
within tbe mine in their effort to escape may- com-;
in contact with live wires and receive injury.
If men are caught in a mine in which compressed
air is used see that the air compressor is
kept in operation.
Get a supply of water into the mine. At many
mines water boxes and chemical fire extinguishers
are provided. If conditions permit, these should
be taken into the mine without delay and used
immediately.
If breathing apparatus are at hand, they should
be put into service at once by men who have been
thoroughly trained in the use of such apparatus
and are familiar wdth the workings of tbe mine
If the mine liberates explosive gas do not restore
the ventilation in the advance workings until they
have been explored by men using breathing apparatus.
Any fires found should be put out before
ventilation is restored unless tests of the atmos­
phere within the mine indicate the absence of explosive
gas.
If tbe mine does not liberate explosive gas, it
is better to restore the ventilating current at once
for the benefit of any persons who may be alive
within the mine.
Much care should be used in entering a mine
after an explosion, as a second explosion may occur
by reason of explosive gas being present, even
though no explosive gas may have ever been detected
previously within the mine. As the exploring
parties advance, tests of the return an
current should be made at frequent intervals at
some place in the return air current in order to
find out whether there is probably a fire within the
mine. A fire would be indicated by smoke, smell,
or a rise in temperature.
ELECTRICITY:.
Many fins in mines are started by short circuits
of electric current setting fire to coal, timber,
brattice, doors or track ties. To prevent
short cir< uits the electric wires should be insulated
at ail points of contact. Bare wires should
not come in contact with the coal, timber, doors,
or any material that will burn.
In the event of a, short circuit the current should
lie immediately thrown off the wire, and any fire
that has started should be put out. Many mines
are provided, at convenient places in the workings,
with boxes of dry sand or barrels of water
and galvanized buckets. If a fire starts the employes
should not be afraid to use these, even
though the fire be small.
OPEN LIGHTS.
The careless use of open lights often results in
serious mine fires—timber, stoppings, brattice, or
gas feeders being set on fire in this way. If
open lights are used in a mine, the following precautions
will reduce the clanger of fires:
Use a safety lamp or a lantern to furnish light
when wooden stoppings are being put up or re
paired.
Do not use open torches for testing wooden stoppings
for leakage of air.
Keep open lamps away from brattice cloth, unless
the latter is fireproof.
In places where brattice cloth is used a barrel
of water is often placed near by, with a bucket
or other vessel for throwing on water in case of
fire.
At points where timber cribs are in use in dry
places, tbe barrels of water for fire protection
should be kept filled at all times, and buckets
should be kept in place ready for use.
HAT.
Hay. whpn taken into a mine, should be handled
in bales, covered with a fireproof canvas, and inclosed
within a car, or if no canvas is at hand.
the hay should be dipped in water. Hay should
he taken into a mine, only when tho miners and
other workmen are out of the mine. Open torches
should not be used near hay. Safety or electric

lamps should be used at all times when hay is
being handled or stored. Do not store hay in
passageways between the hoisting and a ! r shafts.
unless there is ample protection against fire. If
hay is stored in a compartment separated from the
stable by a door, the door should be kept closed
except when hay is being stored or removed. If
loose hay is scored in break-throughs or along the
haulage -oads, which is bad practice, it should be
covered with fireproof canvas and a barrel of water
with buckets should be placed near by. The
barrel should be placed so that the ventilating current
will pass it first; otherwise, if the hay catches
fire, the smoke and flame from it may prevent anyone
from getting at the water.
UNDERGROUND STABLES.
Stables under ground ofteii furnish conditions
favorable to the starting of a fire, ancl especial
care should be taken in using lights in a stable.
Do not use open lamps within the stable, but
use electric or safety lamps if they are provided
If lines of water pipe with hose connections and
automatic sprays are provided they should be kept
in working order; barrels of watei with buckets
should be kept in the stable.
Chemical fire extinguishers should be kept near
the entrance to the stable, and the miners should
learn to use them.
Underground stables, even though they are made
fireproof, should not be used for storing any material
that burns easily.
Should a fire start in a stable within a mine
and the stable has iron doors, these doors should
be closed at once, to prevent the fire from spreading.
LUBRICATING AND OTHER OIXS.
Loss of life and damage to property have been
caused by lack of proper rare and by not using
common sense in handling and using oils within
mines.
Oil should not be stored within a mine. Daily
supplies should be taken into the mine in closed
metal vessels. Do not use open lamps w'hen handling
oil of any kind, not even when greasing or
oiling car journals.
Keep oil away from dry timber, loose waste, or
hay.
When mine-car journals are oiled within the
mine, this work should be done in the special
place provided by the company. The track at
this place should be ballasted with broken stone.
No timber should bs used along this part of the
track. Keep plenty of sand in near-by places to
be thrown on a fire in case one starts.
If an open cask or barrel of oil or grease takes
fire, do not overturn it, but cover it with a piece
of canvas or an iron plate, so as to exclude the
air and smother the flame.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
UNDERGROUND 1'UENACES AND BOILER PLANTS.
Ventilating furnaces and boiler plants in mines
are a source of constant danger from fire. It
such furnaces or plants are in use many precautions
should be observed, of which the following
are the more important:
No timber or wood should be used near a ventilating
furnace cr a boiler plant. Wood for
kindling should be stored some distance from the
furnace.
The air space between the coal and the walls and
arches should be kept free of obstructions, so that
a man can easily pass through.
The ash pit should at all times be supplied with
standing water, if it is available.
The water supply and some chemical fire extinguishers
furnished by the operator should be kept
ready for instant use.
STEAM PIPES.
Hot steam pipes in contact with dry timber or
coal in places where the air does not circulate
freely may give off heat enough to aid spontaneous
combustion of the wood or coal.
If underground steam pipes which are covered
with magnesia, asbestos, or other non-combustible
material, are damaged, the cover should be repaired
immediately.
Where steam pipes are in use, the free circulation
of air should not be interrupted.
Steam pipes should not be in contact with wood
or coal, or be covered with waste material, such
as scrap timber or fine coal.
Keep oily and greasy waste away from steam
pipes.
SURFACE FIRES.
Fires starting on the surface have often spread
to the shaft or other surface opening and found
their way into the mine. Therefore it is wise to
pay attention to possible causes of fire near the
shaft mouth.
No open lights or oil should be kept in wooden
structures which are within 50 feet of the entrance
to any shaft.
Open fires for warming topmen should not be
made in the head-frame over any shaft.
At mines where a side shaft or slope connects
with the main shaft below- the surface, and iron
doors or lids are arranged at the top of the shaft,
these doors should be promptly closed wdten a fire
starts on the surface near the shaft, and the miners
should be notified at once to leave the mine by
a second opening.
SHAFT FIRES.
In case a fire staits in the shaft of any mine
that has fireproof dcors near the bottom of the
shaft, these doors should be immediately closed,
and the miners should be notified in order that

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tney may escape to the surface through a second
opening.
If there are water pipes with sprays at the top
of a shaft in which a fire starts, the spray should
not be turned on without regard to the direction
of the ventilating current. At a downcast shaft
the spray should be turned on as soon as possible
after the alarm of fire is given. If the fire is
an upcast shaft, ,he sprays in this should not be
turned on full, as that may reverse the ventilation:
turn them on enough to wet the shaft but not
enough to reverse the air.
Miners should become familiar with the doors.
fan housing, or other facilities in use for reversing
the air current, and should know how to operate
them properly in ease there should be need of
reversing the air in time of fire
The reversing cf the ventilating current in time
of a mine fire is of gravest importance and should
not be done without a full knowledge of the effect
it may have on any persons who may be within
the mine.
Miners should make it a practice frequently to
leave the mine workings through the second opening
and should become familiar with all escape
ways. At some mines the miners are required to
travel the escape ways at certain intervals in order
that they may know at least two ways of getting
out of the mine in case of a fire.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS.
Do not smoke underground.
Do not throw away oily lamp wicks underground.
Do not oil car journals underground, unless the
oiling is clone at a suitable piace and proper precautions
are taken against fire.
Avoid making wooden cabin;; for trappers, spraggers,
and others, since these are often starting
points for fires.
Do not test for the presence of explosive gas
with an open light.
Do not set any burning lamp on the floor or
coal and go away leaving it burning.
If a light is necessary as a signal, it should ba
hung from a timber or other support.
Place pumps in crosscuts or in such a position
that they may be easily reached by going through
the nearest crosscut to the parallel entry.
Water cars, when not in use for hauling water,
should be kept filled and standing at places convenient
for immediate use in case a fire starts.
In mines equipped with water lines, faucets,
hydrants and water plugs, the valves should be
frequently opened ancl closed, to ascertain if a
supply of water under pressure is present. The
water pipe line should be protected to prevent its
freezing in the winter. Hose with nozzle and
connections should be kept at places convenient
for emergency.
At mines having chemical fire extinguishers the
miners should become familiar with the method
of operation, cnarging, etc., and each miner should
know where the extinguishers are kept.
If there are refuge chambers in a mine, the
miners should frequently visit these chambers,
so as to know where they are and what is the
quickest way of reaching them from the working
places. Open lamps should not be used in refuge
chambers.
t'SE OF BREATHING APPARATUS.
A mine fire in its eaily stages may oftentimes
be shut cff. or water may be got to it quickly, or
ventilating doors may lie reached and placed in
such positions as to change the direction of the
air current, thus preventing smoke and gases from
going into parts of the mine where the men are
working. It may be that none of these things
can be done because of the smoke and gases from
the fire. If breathing apparatus are at hand,
they should be put on by men trained in their
use, and these men snould do the work necessary
to get control of the ventilation and the fire
SIGNALING AN ALARM OF FIRE.
In order that tbe men throughout different parts
of the workings may be informed of a fire in time
to escape, a large nunibec of mi les have some
signaBng equipment by which it is easy for workmen
outside or in different parts of the mine to
start an alarm which can be quickly given to all
parts of the mine. Fire-alarm equipment includes
the following kinds oi devices:
(1) A system of pipes to which whistles are
attached at various stations. The whistles are
blown by turning compressed air into the pipes.
(2) Electric gongs which can be made to ring
by throwing in switches placed at different points
throughout the mine. These switches are often
placed within a box having a glass lid. Tbe
glass is broken when it is desired to close the
switch.
(3) A system of electric wires, to which are
attached in various parts of the mine lights with
red globes, with switches arranged as described
under (2).
(4) Telephones are also used, with stations at
the surface, near the bottom of shafts, and at different
places within the mine.
A code of signals is placed at each signal station
to insure the right signal being given.
Each ancl every miner should become familiar
with the system in use where he is working and
should be able to use it in case of fire.
EXTINGUISHERS.
When you throw sand, salt, powdered limestone,
or any other dry extinguisher on a fire, throw :t

hard. Dry materials, such as those named, act
largely as a screen or blanket by absorbing the
beat of the flame and cooling it, in much the
same way as the wire gauze of a safety lamp cools
flame. By throwing the material on forcibly the
flame is beaten down. The gases given off by
some dry extinguishers do not burn, but take up
some of the heat from the fire, become heated, and
quickly move away, especially if there is a current
of air passing.
CSE OF WATER NClZZLEri.
The important thing to do in throwing water
on a mine fire is to (brow it on so that it will be
well distributed, rather than to throw on a large
amount.
The space in which men have to stand in fighting
most mine fires is small and narrow. Consequently
one man has to handle the hose and nozzle.
The force exerted on the nozzle by the jet of water
makes the handling of tne hose under a high pressure
very tiring work.
It is a mistake to assume that a large volume
of water is needed to put out mine fires at u face,
thus requiring a nozzle with a large opening.
Better and quicker results may be had by using
nozzles of one-half or five-eighths inch opening,
and the stream of water can be kept under better
control. If the large nozzle does not discharge
water with force enough to reach the fire, the
nozzle may be made to throw farther by partly
plugging the hole to reduce its size.
If the pressure in the water-supply pipe is regulated
by a valve between the main line and the
hose, ancl the pressure is indicated by a pressure
gauge, the pressure upon the hose to which the
nozzle is attached should be not less than 25
pounds nor more than 50 pounds per square inch.
Under a pressure of 5 to 10 pounds water is
thrown the greatest horizontal distance when the
nozzle is held at an inclination of 45 degrees from
the level floor; at 15 pounds pressure the greatest
distance is obtained when the nozzle is 35 to 40
degrees; and at pressures above 15 pouneis the
greatest horizontal distance is obtained when the
nozzle is held at about 32 degrees. However, in
fighting fires in eoal mines, the nozzle must usually
be held at an angle much less than 32 degrees,
on account of the low roof.
FIRE DRILL.
Fire drills have been started by many mining
companies; these drills are held at regular intervals,
and also at unexpected times, in ord'?r to
test the readiness of the crews to respond to an
actual fire call. Occasional night drills of the
same kind may be arranged. It is to the interest
Of miners and foremen to take active part in these
drills and thus aid in insuring their own safety.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
SMOKE AND GASES FROM FIRES.
The heated gases and smoke from a mine fire
collect against the loot anu along there, thus often
making it hard for miners to walk upright. In
trying to get near enough to a fire to fight it with
hose and nozzle the miner may advance in a stooping
position, or even crawl. If a miner is caught
in an entry by the smoke and gases from a fire,
he should try to escape by walking or running
in a stooping position. A cloth or handkerchief
held over the mouth and nostrils will strain out
some of the irritating particles of the smoke in the
atmosphere. If the cloth oi handkerchief be wet,
it will prove more effective in catching the particles
of smoke; also it will cool the an which is
breathed.
MINERS' CLOTHES ON FIRE.
In case you are caught in a blaze and yom
clothes take fire, iie down and roll about rpiickly.
Throw a coat or cloth over and around your head
and shoulders and work it down to wai d your feet.
If the clothes of a fellow miner take fire, throw
a coat or a oiece of canvas over and around his
head, knock or push him down, and smother the
ilames with pieces of clothing or canvas.
TREATMENT FOE BURNS.
Give the injured person first-aid treatment for
burns and send for a doctor. If first-aid appliances
are at hand, cover all burned places with
picric-acid gauze, place on the gauze a layer of
cotton, and badage loosely. Do not tear off
clothing; remove only such clothing as is neces
sary to treat the burns. The object of the treatment
is to prevent blood poisoning and to keep
the air away; for this reason any material that
might cause infection should not be allowed to
come in contact with burns.
In case no picric-acid gauze is at hand the burns
may be covered with clean gauze, preferably taken
from sterile packages, and covered with vaseline,
carbolized vaseline, linseed oil, or carron oil, which
is a mixture of linseed oil and limewater.
Cover these dressings with plenty of cotton and
protect this in turn from the outside air with oiled
paper or anything that will keep out the air while
the victim is being taken home or to a hospital.
Judge James S. Young in the United States District
Court at Pittsburgh has rendered an opinion
in the equity suit of the New York & Philadelphia
Coal Co. against the Meyersdale Coal Co., sustain;
ing the motion of the defendant for a dismissal
of the suit against them. The opinion asserts
that the suit has no jurisdiction in equity. The
suit was entered to recover damages for an alleged
breach of contract in furnishing coal to the plaintiff.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
VIRGINIAN SHIPMENTS.
Statement of ccal and coke shipments over the
Virginian railway for the month of February:
Coal: Net Tons.
Kanawha, Clen Jean & Eastern R. R 44,231
New River Collieries Co 38,908
Gulf Smokeless Coal Co 31,641
Slab Fork Coal Co 26,017
Loup Creek Colli' ry Co 25,924
E. E. White Coal Co 25,669
.MacAlpin Coal Co 24,554
E. E. White Coal Co 19,912
Raleigh Coal & Coke Co 18,706
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 16,205
Winding Gulf Colliery Co 14,240
Gulf Coal Co 10,306
Lynwin Coal Co 10,188
Xew River Collieries Co 10,153
The New River Co 9,886
Bailey Wood Coal Co 9,63)
Sullivan Coal ii Coke Co 9,329
The New River Co 8.46S
Long Branch Coal Co 7,718
The New River Co 6,565
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 6,462
The New River Co 4,978
4,505
3,860
3,209
Woodpeck Coal Co 2.429
Price Hill Fuel Co 1,559
Sugar Creek Coal & Coke Co 1,488
The New River Co 1.057
Mount Hope Coa! & Coke Co 918
The New River Co 54'.'
Total 399,267
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL
RESOURCES AND TRADE.
Vice Consul General William A. Haygood. Cape
Town, S. A., writes: In his annual report for
1911 the director of the South African Geological
Survey points out that, because of meager knowledge
of the I'nion's coal fields, no accurate estimate
of the lotal quantity of coal available is possible,
and further states that the various coal
bearing areas have not yet all been accurately mapped
nor has the question been investigated whether
the coal in these areas is of economic importance.
The report continues:
The exploitation of coal is of comparatively re
cent growth, anel even at present the annual output
is only about 7,000,000 tons. The following data
regarding the extent of the coal resources of the
various Provinces must, be looked upon as ex­
tremely rough estimates, Imt it is thought that
on the whole they are framed on a conseivative
basis:
- Transvaal, 5,000 square miles, average 6 feet
wide. 36,000,000,000 tons; Natal, 1,000 square miles,
average 7 feet wide, 9,400,000,000 tons; Zululand,
1,250 square miles, average 4 feet wide, 6,000,000,-
000 tons. As legards the Orange Free State, Cape,
Basutoland, ancl Swaziland, it is impossible to
make even a rough estimate, but the total resources
will probably be not less than 1,000 square
miles, average 4 feet wide, 4,S00,0OO,000 tons.
Total, 56,200,000,000 tons.
The present methods of exploitation admit of
the utilization of about 55 per cent, of the total
coal available. The quality of tbe coal is extremely
variable; the percentage of ash ranges
from 6 per cent, to 30 per cent., but with most of
the coal actually used ash forms 10 to 15 per cent.
The total quantity of coal mined in Natal during
1912 was 2,470,775 long tons, as compared
with 2,394,238 tons in 1911, says Consul Nathaniel
B. Stewart, of Durham. Coal bunkered by vessels
at, Durban during tbe year amounted to 1.-
07S,353 tons, against 1,264,800 tons in 1911, and
exports by sea aggregated 559.410 tons in contrast
to 356,650 tons exported in 1911. The decline in
the bunker trade was largely due to the fact that
fewer vessels from the East without cargo called
during 1912 fcr coal on their way to Argentina
for cargoes of grain.
A combination of the majority of the coal companies
of the Province, with provisions for a system
of grading their coal for bunkering and export
purposes, which came about toward the end
of 1912, promises to prevent a recurrence of a
shortage in trucks, since all coal brought down
from the mines by the companies forming the combination
may be unloaded at once into the proper
bins. This will enable any contract made by
any one of the companies to be filled without delay.
The combination, it is believed, has also resulted
in advance in the price of coal at Durban.
The United States circuit court of appeals at
St. Louis. Mo., has decided that the state boundary
between Duluth and Superior in the harbor
at Superior is in the middle of the old St. Louis
channel ancl not in the middle of the channel
which has recently been dredged. By this decision
Superior is the gainer of millions of dollars'
worth of property along the waterfront. The
property contains a large number of coal docks,
some of them being among the largest in the
world. Now the taxes paid by the owners of
these docks will be turned into the Superior treasury
instead of Duluth.

Luzerne Coal & Coke Co., Pittsburgli; capital,
$60,000; incorporators, J. H. Hillman, Jr., and
Ernest Hillman of Pittsburgh, H. A. Davis of
Wilkinsburg, R. W. .Playford of Uniontown, L. M.
Kyle and M. K. Goodridge of Bellevernon, and
W. F. Soisson of Connellsville.
Triona Coal & Coke Co., Grafton, W. Va.; capital,
$400,000; incorporators, Charles W. Scrimsham,
Louis C. Wassmur, Thomas J. Sefton, ancl
L. A. Donelou, of Cleveland, O., and Edward T.
Bruner, of West Park, O..
Grace Coal Mining Co., Osceola Mills, Pa.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, James R. Somerville.
Philipsburg, Pa.; Robert Wyatt, Morrisdale, Pa.;
Samuel B. Isenberg, G. W. Minns, E. C. Trees, all
of Osceola Mills, Pa.
South End Coa! Co., Tobyhanna, Pa.; capita',
$30,000; incorporators, M. J. Brennan, Carbondale,
Pa.; Henry J. Brennan, Carbondale, Pa.; T.
M. Lynch, M. A. Lynch, Wm. M. Lynch, all of
Tobyhanna, Pa.
Eagle Valley Coal Co., Ringgold, Pa.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, Hannibal J. Hutchison,
Falls Creek, Pa.; Matthew XV. Davison, Gustavus
Knapp, Chas. Martz, all of Ringgold, Pa.
Fifty-foot Fuel Co., Clarksburg, W. Va.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, W. R. Dougan and
C. A. Wood, of Fairmont; Rock Bell, William G.
Weimer and C. B. Maple, of Clarksbui g.
R. J. Buchholz Coal Co., Inc., New York City;
capital, $25,000; incorporators, Richard J. Buchholz,
Charles E. Buchholz, John V. Koch, Jr., 17
Battery Place, New York.
Martins Fork Coal Mining Co., Harlan, Ky.;
capital, $20,000; incorporators, XV. F. A. Gregory,
W. A. Brock, Geoige W. Creech and H. M. Brook.
Pocahontas Coal & Timber Co.. Wilmington,
Del.; capital, $500,000; incorporators, R. Boyd
Cooling, C. J. Jacobs, H. W. Davis, Wilmington.
Alabama Co., Baltimore, Md.; capital, $4,100,ooo;
incorporators. Wm. C. Seddon, Berkley Williams
and Robert S. Schrever, all of Baltimore.
Haddaway-Curd Coal Co., St. Louis, Mo.; capital,
$6,000; incorporators, Walter S. and Walter
J. Haddaway, J. H. Curd and others.
Butler County Coal Co., Aberdeen, O.; capital,
$2,000; incoipcrators, J. A. Watkins, C. E. Sulii
van. J. C. Haney and C. L. Drury.
Hobson Coal Co., Waverly, O.; capital, $30,000;
incorporators, A. Maben Hobson, Sadie Delaney
and W. R. Carter.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
NEW PUBLICATIONS BUREAU OF MINES.
( List 17.—March. 1913).
BULLETINS.
Bulletin 52. Ignition of mine gases by the filaments
of incandescent electric lamps, by H. H.
Clark and L. C. Ilsley. 1913. 31 pp., 6 pis., 2 figs.
Describes tests showing the liability of the filaments
to ignite fire damp.
Bulletin 63. Sampling coal deliveries, and types
of Government specifications for the purchase of
coal, by G. S. Pope. 1913. 08 pp., 3 pis., 3 figs
Describes in detail methods of sampling and reasons
therefor; cites new specifications for purchase
of coal by the Government.
TECHNICAL PATERS.
Technical Paper 31. Apparatus for the exact
analysis of flue gas, by G. A. Burrell and F. M.
Seibert. 1913. 12 pp., 1 fig.
Technical Paper 30. The preparation of specifications
for petroleum products, by I. C. Allen.
1913. 12 pp.
Technical Paper 40. Metal mine accidents in the
United States during the calendar year 1911, by
A. H. Fay. 1913.
The Bureau of Mines has copies of these publications
for free distribution, but cannot give more
than one copy of the same bulletin to one person.
Requests for all papers cannot be granted without
satisfactory reason. In asking for publications
please order them by number and title. Applications
should be addressed to the Director of the
Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.
MINE INSPECTORS EXAMINATIONS HELD.
The quadrennial examination of applicants for
the 26 positions of bituminous mine inspectors of
Pennsylvania began at tlie Monongahela House,
Pittsburgh, April 1, with 108 candidates in attendance.
The board of examiners consisted of
Messrs. Andrew W. Calloway, general manager of
the Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co., president;
C. B. Maxwell, secretary; R. M. Pollock, H.
C. Drum and Robert Morris. The examinations
were written and morning and afternoon sessions
were held daily until April 4. In about two weeks
those who successfully passed the written examinations
will take a three days' oral examination
to be held by the same board at the same place.
The directors of the Chicago Coal Dealers' Association
April 3 elected as their commissioner Nathaniel
H. Kendall, who will take charge of the
office within tbe next few days. The election
was made necessary by the death of the former
Commissioner G. W. Hallock.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
BRIQUET PRODUCTION IN 1912.
The quantity ot briquetted fuel manufactured in
the United States in 1912 showed a small gain
over the output for 1911, and accoiding to E. W.
Parker, of tlie United States Geological Survey
the briquet industry may be considered as now
passing out of the experimental stage and assum­
ing a more substantial and permanent character.
The quantity of briquetted fuel made in 1912, at
19 plants, was 220,004 short tons, valued at $952,-
261, as compared with 218,443 tons valued at $808,-
721 in 1911. Of these plants 7 used anthracite
culm, 9 used bituminous or semi-bituminous slack,
1 used residue from gas manufactured from oil,
1 used mixed anthracite culm and bituminous
slack, and I used peat. The largest producer of
briquets in the United States in 1912 was the Ber­
wind Fuel Co., of Superior, Wis., the output of
which was a little in excess of 50,000 short tons.
The plant has a capacity of between 35 and 40
tons of briquets an hour.
The quantity ot raw material available for the
manufacture of briquets, as stated by Mr. Parker,
is ample and may be obtained at slight cost. The
most desirable material for producing a smokeless
product is anthracite culm, a plentiful supply of
which still remains in the anthracite region of
Pennsylvania and moie is produced daiiy in the
mining operations. It is not too much to believe
or to hope that in the near future the small sizes
of anthracite, such as buckwheat and smaller, that
are now sold for making steam, in competition
with bituminous coal and at prices below the
actual cost of production, will become more valu­
able as a raw material for the briquet manufac­
turer. The output of these small sizes, produced
by breaking up large coal to obtain the domestic-
grades—egg, stove and nut—exceeds 20,000,000
long tons annually, exclusive of 3,000,000 to i,
000,000 tons annually recovered from the culm
banks by washeries. The present revenue from
this product will not exceed $30,000,000. Washery
and small size coal is worth from 50 cents to $1.50
a ton, the price depending on the size. As bri
quetted fuel it should be worth as much as stove
or egg coal, or $3 to $4 per ton. The cost of bri­
quetting is $1 to $1.25 per ton. The uniform size
of the briquets makes them highly desirable as a
domestic fuel; besides if properly made they are
completely consumed and do not produce that bug­
bear to the housekeeper, clinkers.
One objection raised to the use of tuiquets is
that they will compete with the prepared sizes of
anthracite. From the viewpoint of the consumer
the objection lacks logic, and this seems more evi­
dent when the apparent profit obtainable on the
briquetted product is considered.
Slack from non-coking bituminous, sub-bitu­
minous and semi-anthracite coals is another cheap
and abundant raw material. It is obtainable in
all the coal mining regions of the middle west,
where at many places it is now wasted or almost
given away. Some slack piles have been burned
to prevent their cumbering the ground; others
have ignited spontaneously and devoured them­
selves. The 220,064 tons of biiquets made in 1912
represent but a drop taken from the bucket of
available material.
The vast and almost untouched areas of lignite
in North Dakota and Texas still contain enormous
supplies of fuel that European experience has
taught is well adapted to briquetting and that is
much mere usable in that form than in the raw-
state. The School of Mines of the North Dakota
Cniversity has been making some interesting and
valuable experiments in briquetting lignite, under
the direction of Prof. E. J. Babcock, and has al­
ready attained excellent results.
The large areas of peat beds in the United
States are also available as a source of raw ma­
terial. They are generally remote from the coal
fields, and briquetted fuel from peat, when prop­
erly prepared, makes an excellent substitute for
coal. Tbe peat now produced in the United States
is used for stable litter, fertilizer, etc. None is
used for fuel.
While the briquet indtistiy in the United States
is still in its infancy tne following figures show
that tlie production has nearly twice doubled since
1907:
PRODUCTION OF BRIQUETS IN THE UNITED STATES,
1907-1912.
Year. Short Tons. Value.
1907 66,524 $258,426
1909 139,661 452,697
1911 218,443 S08.721
1912 220,064 952,261
A copy of the report on Briquetting may be ob­
tained free cm application to the Director of the
Geological Suivey, Washington, D. C.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has started proceedings
in the courts of Washington county, Pa., against
the Carnegie Natural Gas Co. to restrain the gas
company from drilling a well on the Gault farm
in Nottingham township. The coal company asks
that the gas company be restrained perpetually
from drilling any new wells to pass through the
coal of the plaintiff company without first obtain­
ing consent. It is also asked that the defendant
company be required to protect non-producing
wells to prevent possible leakage of gas into the
coal workings.
Pittsburgh coal operators sent 610,000 bushels of
coal south on the flood stage of the livers April 2.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
RELATION OF THE MINE FOREMAN AND HIS ASSISTANT 1
After an experience of thirty-seven years of
service in mines, seventeen of which were spent
In every capacity from driving mules to mining
coal, and the remaining twenty years in the position
of lire-boss, it gives me great pleasure to
see at the present time so many men of experience
and education taking such a great interest
in mine problems; also that so much good
is being done by the effort these men are putting
forth in giving their time and services to those
less fortunate than themselves in order that they
may be educated more fully to the knowledge of
mining coal in a manner more profitable to themselves
and their employers, and, last but not least,
the prevention of accidents and loss of life.
We must certainly look with pride to the organizing
of the Mining Institute, which has done
so much for the men working in and about the
mines in such a short time, and for the good
work which is yet to be done through the night
schools that have been organized throughout the
coal regions. If we can judge the future by the
past, some great things can be expected from
this Institute.
Every good work must come from a good organization,
and it is the men connected with
this organization who are teaching in the night
schools that are doing so much good, thereby
helping their fellow workmen. It is to be hoped
that every young man will take advantage of t7ie
opportunities which the Mining Institute is offering
them to better prepare them for the positions
which are surely to be theirs in the future,
as it is the young men of today who will
be the mine foremen of the future.
Many good and instructive papers have been
read on various subjects pertaining to the mining
of coal. In our Institute meetings much has
been said about the gas that is so deadly in our
mines, and, let me say, so treacherous also. I
have worked in it and by it for many years, and
yet today I will not trust it, for it has deceived
men and always will. Let us guard against it,
and treat it as an enemy.
The subject of ventilation in our mines has
taken a great deal of our time and attention, and
it is essential that we still try to improve it
whenever possible. Great improvement has been
made in mine ventilation during the past forty
years. Forty years ago very little was done in
some mines to give the workman enough air to
breathe. Allow me to state that I saw my father
•Paper rend before the Nanticoke, Pa.. Mining Insti-
(ut*'. Dec. IS, 1912.
By Thomas Turner
driving a gangway when the fact was 150 feet
ahead of the brattice. He continued to work
under such conditions for a few years, then his
health began to fail. He died at the age of 54
a total wreck, attributed to bad ventilation.
Thinking of the past and comparing it with the
present, I am glad that now each man and beast
in the mine is supplied with a fair portion of
pure air. May we hope that in the near future the
air in the coal mines will be as pure as that under
the canopy of God's own sky.
Timbering also is one of the very important
things that ought to be taught, and, I am pleased
to note, is by some of our able men.
The above and many other questions of great
importance to mining men have been discussed
at these meetings, and much has been said that
will have a tendency to make men more careful
and competent.
In my opinion there is one very important
question that is not noticed or is seldom spoken
of: that is, the relation that exists between the
foreman and his assistant. Experience has taught
us that it makes a great difference in the working
of a mine, also to the company and men,
whether the organization is in harmony and working
together for the interest of company ancl
men.
To me this is a question deserving of much
consideration by both employer and employe, and
in this paper I will only introduce the subject,
with the hope that some of our successful mine
managers will, at some near future time, give
us their personal experience, ancl some of the
ideas anel methods used by them in becoming a
successful mine manager.
How often have we read articles headed "How
I Succeed in My Business," or "How I Succeed
in My Occupation," written by men who have
made a big success of their business or occupation;
and what a great help has been their experiences
to those in a like business or occupation?
If we have good ideas, and have experimented
in a certain line with great success, we
should be willing to impart that experience and
knowdedge to those working along the same line,
thus helping to bring those who are not so fortunate
as we up to the same knowledge and
standard. If this is a good thing in other business
affairs it certainly would be in the business
of mining anthracite coal, which is playing an
important part in the commercial world today.
The position of managing and supervising our
mines is very important, and I think the men
who have made a success of this business should

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
be willing to impart their knowledge to others
who are less fortunate than themselves.
If I understand it right, the object of the Mining
Institute is to educate and instruct the men in
and about the mines as to how to work in this
dangerous occupation. This is all very good, and
the question that will naturally arise is, how
can this be best accomplished? There are several
different ways, and the question of harmony in
the mine organization, and how the officials and
men can work in harmony for the best interests
of the company as well as themselves, is deserv­
ing of careful consideration.
The company operating a mine has certain in­
terests that must be taken care of by the foreman
and fire-boss, and this can only be done success­
fully by each one working for the same great interest.
Let us not forget that the working-men
have certain rights and privileges that can only
be taken care of when the bosses consult each
other on matters pertaining to their labor.
I have never been a mine foreman, so perhaps
I am not able to define what is called a model
boss; but as we all have our own opinion, perhaps
you will allow me to express in a few words
some traits of character that a foreman should
have.
The foreman I consider as a general over his
staff. His orders should be given, when he knows
they are right, in firmness and kindness, expecting
nothing else but obedience, ancl treat his men
with such kindness that they will stand readyto
do his bidding.
Society has become the fad of the day, and
Mr. Boss, if you belong to the 4011, and have to
be out late at night, and perhaps have occasion
to indulge in the fruits of the cup, when you
visit the office in the morning a little out of
humor please remember the fire-boss, and give
him that good morning that he likes to hear.
Think of him entering the mine at 2:30 o'clock,
coming in contact with gas, bad roofs, squeeze,
and many other things that fill the thoughtful
man's mind. You will agree with me that this,
above any other time, is the wrong time to show
that you are in an ill temper, and perhaps want
to take it out of him. One of the best ways to
bring your assistants in close touch with you is
for you to let them know that you appreciate
when you know they have done their weak well.
I think it is wrong for a foreman to think that
his plans and ideas are the only ones that are
right without consulting his assistants. A few
years ago I worked as a fire-boss for a foreman,
and I made suggestions that I thought were for
the saving of labor for the men, and also for the
benefit of the company; he told me indirectly
that he was paid for thinking ancl 1 for working.
What do you think was my attitude toward him
in respect to giving my opinion? Of course, I
did not give it. In that case and others, just
because we did ont consult, it was detrimental
to the interest of both men and company. This
foreman never had the goodwill and co-operation
of his assistants. His work as a foreman was
not a success, and after a short time another foreman
came to the mine. A hard problem was up
to us in the nature of a mine trouble. The first
clay that man came into the mine he called me
and another assistant back from some men we
had working, anel said: "Now, men, I have come
here not only to boss, but to work hand in hand
with you, and what I know I want you to know.
Any opinion or suggestions you may have do not
be afraid to tell to me. I am sure it will be
considered. Let us work in harmony, and we
will get through this trouble all right." What
was the outcome of that conference? We were
successful in overcoming what I called the most
difficult mine trouble that I took part in all my
mine experience. Was that all that was accom­
plished through that little conference? No. Our
relations continued most pleasant; we worked together
in harmony. His interest in the mines
became my interest, and I always felt that therewas
nothing too much for me to do for him.
What was the cause of this? Because we were
taken into his confidence, and given to under­
stand that if we did our work faithfully it would
lie appreciated. Do not understand me to mean
that a mine foreman, in order to have the goodwill
of his assistants, must be lenient with their
mistakes. Oh, no; he should be firm and deter­
mined in his correction of mistakes made by his
men, ancl always ready to enforce discipline.
A mine woreman should have good executive
ability, ancl a good knowledge of how to handle
men; also when he has a good man to try and
keep him; for every good man strengthens your
organization. There are a great many good men
that would never make good mine foremen. It
seems as though a good mine foreman has to be
made to order. Consequently there are some holding
positions today who are not filling it as it
should be filled. They are of a nervous disposition,
and their judgment is led astray by ill
temper: thye do not think they are bosses unless
they curse, bulldoze or discharge some one all
the time. A boss may have an able corps of assistants
who could help him if he were not al
ways thinking "I am boss and will be boss. What
do they know? They have not got their papers."
The consequence is they are ignored in everything
they do. When you find a foreman like this you
will find loads of trouble in that mine.
I well know that the foreman who is willing
to take the grievances of his men as they come
to him in a spirit of respect for their rights is

the man who will have their good will, and harmony
will exist. He will be able to handle his
men better, and give better service to his employer.
When men approach their foreman on a
question of price it is not always the disappointment
of not getting the dollars and cents, but
sometimes in not receiving manly treatment, of
which they are deserving. 1 am glad that we
have so many kind-hearted superintendents and
foremen in charge of our mines who are willing
at all times to consider the workmen's needs and
treat them as men.
I have known some mine foremen, ancl am
sorry to say there are some holding positions
today, that act as if they were far above their
fellowmen, and will not give them the consideration
that every man should have when he conies
to talk business. With an experience of about
twenty years as fire-boss I ought to be able to
judge what kind of a man should fill this position.
I do not hesitate for a moment to say that a
fire-boss ought to be a temperate man; for a man
who drinks and keeps late hours is not a fit man
to examine miners' places and protect their lives
and the company's property or interests. He will
never be as successful as if he were strictly temperate.
He ought to be a temperance man for
another reason; with the class of men we have
around the mines so many men are losing so
much time on account of drink that it is injurious
to the man himself, to his family ancl
very often to the company. How can he have
any influence over that man and be a help to
his family if he is a drinking man himself? Remember,
fellow fire-boss, that we are to a certain
extent the keeper of our brothers' lives, therefore
we ought to be faithful in the making of
our examinations, knowing that our neglect can
bring accident or death to our fellow workmen
and great loss to the company that employs us.
A fire-boss ought to be a man who stands readyto
receive orders from his foreman and carry
them into execution. The foreman's interest
should be his interest. He should be a man who
would go into extreme danger if need be to protect
life and property. A fire-boss should be a
man who will study the needs of his brother.
I think that if we practice the maxim, "Do unto
others as you would have them do unto you,"
that even in our mine work we would meet with
more success. Every man who comes to your
window to beg whether the most experienced
miner or the common laborer, is worthy of your
courtesy. If he is ignorant, then let us help
educate him; if experienced, let us appreciate his
will respect us, and understand our fair dealings
knowdedge. We should so treat men that tij«r
with them so that they will be willing to do any­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
thing for us, knowing that we are fair as between
man and master.
A fire-boss should be a man that has a mining
experience, one who has done nearly all kinds of
work in the mines or has had the charge of such
work that he has gained a practical experience,
which will give him the proper judgment to enable
him to direct his men, give orders and insist
that they be carried out. Mis-judgment on
the part of the fire-boss in giving orders has been
the cause of a number of accidents to our fellow
men; especially has this been so in cases where
deadly gas has been found and air-splits have
been changed and interfered with. The man who
is not practical in his position is thoughtless in
regard to the danger of making any change in
the air-split of his section.
No change should ever be made in an air-split
in the mines while the men are at work unless
it is a case of extreme necessity; maybe a mine
fire, cave or such causes, and only then after
informing the men in that section of change.
An assistant foreman should be free at all times
to consult with his foreman in order to bring
about the best results in his section and to assure
the best protection to his men. Do not think
that you will ignore your duty by consulting or
bringing matters of importance to your foreman.
A good foreman is always ready to consult with
his assistants to bring about the best results for
the men ancl company. My brother fire-boss, experience
has taught me that our position is one
of sacred trust, and no man who goes into the
mine has an equal responsibility with you, not
even the mine foreman; for he is obliged to take
your word and report.
Don't be a bigoted fire-boss because your foreman
has taken you from a breast, or from a position
as driver-boss and given you charge of a
section of men. Don't feel that you are superintendent
or one of the company; but feel humble
with your position, then, your fellowmen, seeing
your attitude, you will be able to learn manyvaluable
things from them. On the other hand,
if your promotion fills you with pride, and raises
you far above the men you have just left, your
success will not be assured; for these men will
be against your interests, and your foreman will
not be able to advance you very fast in your mine
education; for you will not have the same spirit
towards him.
Fellow workmen, I hope you will pardon me if
there is anything in this paper that has a line
of criticism in it. That you may understand me,
I feel that our mistakes and experiences may be
our able teacher in the future, ancl it is my full
conviction, knowing that in business firms, to be
successful, each member must be in harmony and
pull together for the success of that firm and all

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
that are employed. In the great business of
mining the organization of each mine should be
in harmony and working together, that the most
careful protection may come to each man and
save life, and also due protection to the property
and rights of the company. 1 am convinced that
one of the important things that will in the future
help to bring the mine owner and the workingman
closer together is when each one realizes
that we belong to a common brotherhood, and is
willing to deal with each other according to just
rights anel claims as man and master.
B
PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS
While the floods of the past fortnight were dis­
astrous in many places and mills, furnaces and
factories were flooded and seriously damaged, the
Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., Columbus, O., escaped
all damage, and its plant was entirely free from
water. It was only handicapped in its shipments
because of interruption to traffic. Its employes
aided in the rescue work at Columbus. Now
that train service is restored the company is hur­
rying forward shipments that had been delayed.
Suit was begun in the circuit court at Belleville,
111., recently by bondholders of the Southern Coal
& Mining Co. to foreclose a mortgage of $1,500,000.
against which there is $1,100,000 in bonds out­
standing. The company operates several mines
in St. Clair and Clinton counties, 111., and it is
set forth that it has never paid the interest on its
bonds; also that no sinking fund has been created
for their retirement.
The Thomas resolution to investigate the coai
screen proposition before passing the Green bill,
which provides that coal shall be weighed at the
mine before being screened, in order that the
miners may be paid for all they mine, was adopted
by a vote of 69 to 40, after a stormy session of the
Ohio house of representatives ipril 9. At the
same session the Green bill was advanced to second
reading.
YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
C A N get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
(The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
s Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
') Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
-, Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
At the annual meeting of the stockholders of
the Pond Creek Coal Co. an issue of $3,000,000 10
year 6 per "ent. bonds, to be secured by a mort­
gage, was authorized. The bonds are convertible
ancl callable upon such terms as the board may
approve. The report of the board was adopted.
An increase in the capital stock was authorized.
The Latrobe-Connellsville Coal & Coke Co. has
contracted with the West Penn Co. for the powei
needed to operate tlie big Deny No. 1 plant, at
Bradenville, Pa. The Derry No. 1 plant's opera­
tions have outgrown the power planl at the works.
and in preference to enlarging it, the company has
made a contract with the West Penn.
Three of the railroads entering Indianapolis
announced an increase of five cents a ton in the
freight rate on coal from Indiana mines to that
city, effective April 14. The roads are the Illinois
Central, the Chicago, Terre Haute & Southeastern
and the Evansville & Terre Haute. The new
rate will be 55 cents.
The Legislature of Oklahoma has passed a law,
effective July 1, forbidding the shooting of coal -
from the solid. It is provided that thereafter
the coal to be shot down shall be cut to a depth
of at least six inches greater than the length of
the hole in which the explosive is to be placed.
M. A. Hanna & Co. announce they have moved
from tbe Perry-Payne building, Cleveland, O.,
where they have been for the past 25 yeais. and
are now located in the Leader-News building, Su­
perior avenue and East Sixth street, Cleveland.
The Bridgeport Coal Co., of Bridgeport, Tex.,
is re-opening a mine at that place which has
been closed for over a year. The discontinuance
of oil-burning locomotives in that part of the
country has stimulated the demand for coal.
The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad has just placed
an order for 1,500 steel hopper cars, the Ameri­
can Car & Foundry Co., the Pressed Steel Car
Co., and the Standard Steel Car Co., each to build
500 cars.
A compromise has been effected whereby the
assessment of tie properties of the Tennessee Coal,
Iron & Railroad Co. in Alabama has been increased
for the state tax board from $10,000,000 to $19,000,-
000.
The Interstate Commerce Commission has refused
to order the railroads to grant a lower
freight rate on coal to Memphis Tenn., as requested
by a local business organization.
The Temiskaming & Northern Ontario Railroad
coal contract for 100,000 tons was awarded to the
Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal and Coke Co.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
^ COAL
1 sre5T?0-rjsl^r5rrB^
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60
The Union Pacific Railroad has been forced by
the government to relinquish title to coal lands
near Hanna, Wyo., valued at $3,000,000, on the
ground that the property was obtained by fraud
and misrepresentation.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Interstate Commerce Commission has suspended
the operation of switching tariffs at Chicago
ot all roads connecting with the Chicago, Milwaukee
& St. Paul in eoal and coke traffic, until
October 14.
FOR SALE,
4,000 acres of tested coal property in a body in
Southern Ohio, on rail transportation Apply,
WILLIAM ALTON. JK.. Bigelow Block, Chicago.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TKAOE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
Located in the famous Southern
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and
of unsurpassed quality and quantity,
with excellent shipping facilities.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
A. bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre Haute, lnd.
FOR SALE.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
FOR SALE.
We have in stock for immediate delivery, the
following hoisting engines:
4 Pairs of 8" x 10."
4 Pairs of 10" x 12."
4 Pairs of 12" x 16."
Write for prices and description.
THE EXETER MACHINE WORKS,
Pittston, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis' of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMEKICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville R. R., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Madisonville, Ky.
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
ihe names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVIIXE, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
MARCH ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS. Missouri's Coal Output.
The shipments of anthracite coal by companies The report of Missouri's coal output for 1912
for the month of March, compared with those of shows that the output aggregated 4,221,022 tons.
1912, were: Macon county led with 705,425; Lafayette was next
1913. 1912. with 722,154, Adair turned out 579,010, Randolph
Philadelphia & Reading 970,712 1,473,696 482,460, Ray 388,120, Barton 268,067, Henry 267,-
Lehigh Valley 829,502 1,225,019 247, Platte 157,143, Linn 117,549, Bates 105,379.
Central Railroad of N. J 665,a56 848,110 Counties producing less than 100,000 tons were
Dela., Lackawanna ^ West. 532,247 966,801 as follows: Audrain 20,188, Boone 19,636, Cald-
Delaware & Hudson 562,Ho 578,983 well 2,267, Callaway 30,480, Carroll 160,
Pennsylvania 429,211 537,470 Charlton 2.640, Clay 27,826, Cole 1,125, Dade 5,000,
Erie 70O.3SS 761,742 Grundy 10,000, Harrison 93,140, Howard 100; John-
Ontario & Western 212,932 228,843 son 5,517, Moniteau 1,500, Putnam 26,312, Ralls
• 13.799, Saint Clair 2,!.28, Schuyler 22,636, Sullivan
Total 4,909,288 6,569,687 1.000, Vernon 30,219.
The shipments of coal, by months, for the last
two years, have been as follows, in tons: The shawmut Railroad has ordered 500 new
Mon th. 1913. 1912. cars an[1 a number of locomotives for delivery
January 6,336,419 5,763.696 October 1st. Work on the extension of the road
February 5,674,169 5,875,968 is t0 be carried forward as fast as possible this
March 4,909,288 6,569,687 spring.
April 266,625
yiRy i 429 357 F i re 0I unknown origin completely destroyed tbe
j u n e _ g lgl g4g tipple and boiler house at No. 3 mine of the Filer
juiy _ g 285 153 Coal Co., near Grove City, Pa., April 4, causing a
August 6 576,591 loss ol $10,000 and throwing 150 men out of work.
September 5,876,496 F m n k Byers Q] Tarr station> Pa., has sold 150
October 6,665,321 acreg Qf coal .Q [gaac Brownfieidj of Uniontown.
November 6,1135,536 pa aj. p (m ,m af.m which ig gaid to be a record
December 5,944,106 prlce for coal acreage in Fayette c()unty
Totals 16,919,876 63,610.5' 7 8 Edward V. d'Invilliers announces the removal ot
his general engineering offices to No. 518 Walnut
street. Philadelphia. Pa., opposite Independence
The Consolidation Coal Co., o 1 Baltimore, Md., snuare
was fortunate during the recent flood, as none
of its properties in Maryland, West Virginia, The Tidewater Coal Co. of Pittsburgh has taken
Pennsylvania or Kentucky was injured by the leases on 1,000 acres of

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
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Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
COKE.
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
.LSVILLE
IENERAL OFFICES: - - - - GREENSBURG, PA.
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5 MINKS, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. *
5 SLIGO BRANCH B. 4 A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R. J
S C. J. RENWICK, Sales Agent, Prudential Building, BUFFALO, N. Y. 5
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J^OAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, MAY 1, 1913 No. 11
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL THADE COMPANY.
A. It. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
II. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are Invited.
All communications and iemittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
92G 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBUROH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
1 Entered ot the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mai'. Matter.]
THERE IS A GOOD OUTLOOK I.N THE COAL TRADE at
this time with indications all pointing to a busy
summer and a good demand throughout the warm
months, for despite the warm winter, conditions
during the early spring were such as to throw the
trade into such shape that the entire summer prob­
ably will be needed to bring things back to nor­
mal. Floods, and other natural causes were in a
large measure responsible for this, but the steady
output from the big iron and steel plants had its
effect, and the opening of the fifth month of the which are held so firmly at card rates as to indi­
year sees things considerably better than they were
at the same time last year. Shortages of cars
and labor in some sections also have had some­
thing to do with this, and the net result has been
a steady maintenance of prices that is more than
gratifying to the trade.
The lake trade now is in full swing, and strange
to say, considering the mild winter just passed, the
docks at upper lake ports practically are bare of
coal, so that when the first cargoes reach those
ports they will be more than welcome. Vessels
started from loading docks before the straits and
canals at the Soo were free from ice, but succeeded
in getting through without, much appreciable de­
lay and there was, therefore, a race to see who
been wholly depleted and the arrival of the first
cargo is doubly welcome. Districts supplying the
lake trade are among those hampered by car and
labor conditions, and this of necessity cuts down
shipments lo a certain extent. But with the ore
and coal shipments both started and warmer
weather coming apace, the outlook is for a record-
breaking season on the lakes. Freight rates are
a trifle stiffer than last year, thereby adding a
little more backbone to prices.
In the Pittsburgh district car and labor condi­
tions are having their effect on the trade, with
the consequence that mines are not working near
to capacity; in fact, only about 65 per cent. But
demand is good, and shipments are going forward
as rapidly as possible. Pittsburgh operating con­
cerns with lake connections are doing their best
to push matters, Imt are hampered as mentioned
above. Some mines still are idle getting in shape
lor the summer rush, while others have completed
this part of the program and are ready to ship just
as fast as conditions permit. The phase of the
situation that is most gratifying is that of prices,
cate the operating companies prefer to leave coal
in the ground rather than cut quotations simply to
get business in order to keep mines busy. This
is a most encouraging sign and points out the fact
that operators are determined not to sacrifice their
product just to make a big tonnage showing and
thereby reduct the earnings account. With pros­
pects of a busy summer and Tail prices are held
firmly at card rates: $1.31) to $1.40 for i un-of-
mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50 for three-quarter ooal;
$1.50 to $1.60 for inch and one-quarter coal, while
slack is in better demand at 90 cents to $1.
Coke manufacturers in the Connellsville region
are enjoying a good trade and the prospects for
the remainder of the year look very good. Pro­
would unload the first cargo of the season. The duction goes on apace at considerably over the
supplies of both bituminous and anthracite had thiee hundred and fifty thousand tons per week

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
figure and plants are being gotten into shape to
better this as the last half ye.u approaches. Con­
tracting for last half deliveries now is engaging
the attention of manufacturers and consumers to
some extent and tnose contracts that have been
signed show the determination of the makers to
keep prices at a figure that will not spell a loss
to them. Some buyers have secured a slight con­
cession, but not enough to make a decided impres­
sion on the tiade. Labor in this branch of the
tiade is net as good as in the others and this is a
drawback that is likely to be felt still further if
tlie threatened stoim clouds ol Europe lower suffi­
ciently to loose the dogs ol war, as there is a large
propoition of nifn engaged in this branch of the
trade who would be called to iheir native lands
if war should come. With the conditions all point­
ing to steady consumption and perhaps a demand
that will tax caiiacity, prices are held firmly at
$2.50 to $2.75 tor furnace coke and $3.50 to $3.7.3
lor foundry coke.
Tbe anthracite mines are keeping up a steady
output and every effort is making to get coal for­
ward to markets to replenish supplies that have
become exhausted. During the fortnight several
of the petty "button" strikes have been started and
ended, the principal outcome of which was the loss
of wages to the men and output to the companies
Aside from these the main point of interest is the
announcement of the prices for tiiis month. While
the official circulars nave not been sent out as yet,
it is entirely probable the usual advance of tec
cents per ton, effective this date, will be an­
nounced in a day or two.
* * *
TRUE TO HIS UECLAUATION, Gov. Hatfield of West
Virginia, made his proposals for an ending of the
strike in that state and they, perforce, have been
accepted by both operators and miners, although
they are not such as will lie entirely satisfactory
to either side. Rut the state's chief executive
made his stand so clear that the operators first and
later the miners acceded to his wishes and the
strike was brought to an end. The miners of the
New River field, however, are yet to act in the
matter. It is difficult to see. at this distance,
how they can do anything but accept the proposi­
tions as did their fellows in the Kanawha field.
Whether they will be able to obtain all the condi­
tions at all the plants is another question that
time alone can tell. The one fact in all this that
stands out clearest is that the head of the state
government certainly used the big stick most effectively
in ending the industrial warfare.
* * *
PURCHASE OK STOCK OF THE COMPANY was urged
on employes of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. at a banquet
held during the fortnight and tiie plan that
lias been in force for some time for this purpose
again was called to the attention of those present.
This personal interest in the company idea now is
one of the things that has assumed a permanent
place in the industrial world, and it is one of the
things that is bringing about a better understanding
between employes and officials of corporations.
* * *
THE FIRST SERIOUS .MINE DISASTER OF THE YEAR
occurred in the Pittsburgh district during the fortnight,
and. as usual, the yellows placed the blame
before the sound of the explosion haidlv had
reached the surface. Only official investigation
can determine that and it is the part of wisdom,
to say the least, to withhold judgment until such
lime as the state and government officials reach
the point of origin of the explosion.
* * *
BITUMINOUS JIIM: OWNERS OF PENNSYLVANIA are
freed from the menace of at least one piece of mimic
al legislation, as the bill prohibiting the use of
c lectricity in certain mines and for certain purposes
lias been definitely killed for this session at least.
The bill was fought bitterly by the mine owners,
and. as it has proved, successfully. Had it passed
it would have been just another addition to the
cost of production.
May is here; so's baseball; so's the trout season.
And just don't forget spring fever. All combined
they constitute a bogey that will get the coal man
if he "don't watch out."
• * *
Labor in the coal trade just now has one eye on
the mining machine and the other on Einopean
war clouds. And watch both eyes turn to the latter
if a "scrap" really conies.
* * *
Miners' locals petitioning ['or no "booze" show
a spirit of advancement that has a highly high
percentage ot "fixed carbon."
* * *
Gov. Hatfield's big stick certainly did its work.
even if it did crack some protruding heads.
* A *
Those efficiency figures of the Bureau of Mines,
anent anthracite men. don't look a bit good.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
GOVERNOR HATFIELD FORCES FINISH OF WEST VIRGINIA STRIKE
Governor H. D. Hatfield of West Virginia has
forced an ending to the mine strike in the Cabin
Creek and Paint Creek districts of the Kanawha
coal field, on the basis of propositions made by
himself and the operators and miners have acceded
to his demands. The miners are returning
to work. In some of the camps there is likely to
be difficulty in all the men getting back their old
positions. This accession to the demands of the
Governor is likely to bring about an end to the
agitation in West Virginia.
While a convention of the miners of the New
River distiict has been called for May 10. it is
hardly possible that they can go beyond what the
Governor has indicated, and it is altogether likely
they will accent the same terms as the Cabin and
Paint Creek miners, where they can obtain them.
The final statement of Gov. Hatfield in the matter
indicates he will not tolerate any longer the
insurrection and strife that has been in progress
On April 28 he visited the strike district in a
special train and admonished the men to return
to work. The leaders of the miners are co-operaling
with the executive.
The events that preceded the acceptance of the
Governor's proposition were varied and included
lengthy negotiations. Briefly they were:
April 14 Gov. Hatfield issued the following statement
REVIEWING THE SITUATION
and proposing a basis for settlement of the strike:
I have had several communications directed to
me as governor of West Virginia from representatives
of the United Mine Workers of America
on the one side and representatives of the Paint
and Cabin Creek coal operators on the other. The
statements made by those who are interested seem
to conflict, and if I am to judge from the last communications
received from both sides relative to
the conditions that are responsible for the dispute
and the long continued strained relations existing
between the coal operators and the miners, or at
least those miners who claim allegiance with the
union, I am forced to the conclusion that there is
no possible solution to be expected from those who
are interested directly in this contest.
The predicament into which this condition has
resolved itself seems to indicate that the contending
sections are incapable of coming to any final
conclusion. This dispute has worked a great hardship
in industrial sections, or at least in part of
the industrial sections of West Virginia, and the
state has been forced to bear the brunt bj the expenditure
of a little less than four hundred thousand
dollars out of the state treasury, to say noth­
ing of the unsavory reputation established throughout
the country by misrepresentation of the industrial
conditions that exist within a certain territory
circumscribed within one hundred and seventy
square miles.
As governor of West Virginia I feel that for the
good cf all, this dispute should lie ended. While
I take no skies in this matter, insofar as the contentions
of the parties in interest are concerned,
I shall take a dec ided po.-ition and suggest that
certain concessions be made by both parties; but
before doing this 1 propose to discuss, in a brief
way, the history and to give the public a true statement
of the facts as I have gathered them from
personal observation and study of
THIS INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT.
There are a great many elements that go to
make up the contentions that have been submitted
to the public, orally, and through the press, for
their criticism. A few of the major elements I
propose to discuss, after which I shall give brief
quotations from the statements made by the union
mine workers, the coal operators in the union field,
as well as the coal operators that are engaged in
business in the non-union fields.
The guard system has been a matter of long contention
and one that has been resented bitterly by
those who earn their living in the eoal mines in
different sections of West Virginia. Governor
Glasscock during his administration, sought to
remedy this by suggesting the termination of the
services that were being rendered by the Baldwin-
Felts Detectho Agency to the coal operators in
the strike zone in Paint and Cabin Creek mining
sections. This was done, and by mutual agreement,
as I understand it. by my predecessor and
representatives of the union mine workers, certain
other paities were selected to protect the properties
of the coal operators from any possible dam.
age that might occur as well as guarantee law
and order. But the adoption of this scheme has
not seemed to satisfy the striking miners, and they
insist that they are still being imposed upon by
unlawful guard system in the strike zone.
Any system where it tends to conflict with the
natural rights of man. guaranteed by the Constitution,
is wrong, un-American, and will not be
tolerated by the present administration. No one
disputes the right of the owners of property to
employ private officers to protect their property
from incendiarism or infringement by those who
have no claim or right upon ihe property, regardless
of whether the property is private or public,
in the nature of coal mines, railways, or the homes
of individuals. This right is given by the Con-

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
stitution itself and no one questions it or objects
to it. therefore, it should be perfectly apparent to
all—whether they be miners employed in tbe production
of coal or employed in other occupations—
that these rights should be respected by them and
adhered to by all good citizens.
IT Will III NOT 111; GOOD POLICY
lor me. as governor of West Virginia, to assume
the responsibility of the protection of private properties
to the extent of declaring to an individual
who owns private or other properties, that he must
not employ protection for that properly, and that
the state will assume the responsibility of any
loss to the owners in case of destruction of said
properties. No one will dispute the fact that the
police force as now provided by law—that is, two
justices of the peace ancl the same number of constables
in a district—could not be expected to insure
the protection of property in densely populated
industrial sections, especially in times of
dissension when the peace has been disturbed.
The average annual wage of the miners throughout
West Virginia, according to statistics, is
$554.26. The wage as figured on an annual average
in the present strike zone, indicates an excess
over other mining sections of from $46 to $146
over the annual wage paid throughout the state.
The annual wage paid throughout West Virginia
exceeds by $43.40 the wage paid the miner in any
of the union states, according to statistics obtained.
The overcharge of miners trading in company
stores I know personally to be true. Of course.
there are exceptions to the rule, by some coroprations.
The high prices maintained in some company
stores in the industrial sections of this state
are wrong and oppressive, and the operator who,
or the corporation that accords his employe this
kind of treatment will surely reap the reward of
disloyalty and distrust upon the part of the employes,
and justly so.
These methods must end, and if it is necessary
to have legislative enactments to insure a square
deal, they will be asked for.
If a company engaged in the coal business is
not able to make a success bv honest competition
with its competitors in the open market, or if on
account of greediness, it is not satisfied with a
reasonable margin of profit made in the sale of its
products, and sc-ks to oppress those whom it
has in its employ, it should be foiced z
TO QUIT THE BUSINESS
and a statute should be enacted for the offense that
would make such a company amenable to the law.
The system of "docking" is abused by some in
the coal business, and companies that charge exorbitant
and unreasonable prices in the stores wil 1
take advantage when other opportunities afford
themselves. There have been disputes for a long
time relative lo this important question. It is
all-important to the operator to have clean coal
with the least possible amount of impurities. If
this is not rigidly adhered to, the coal will not
only he refused by the consumer, but loss of business
will be experienced by the producer as well
The operator, in a great many instances, does not
"dock" the miner for the purpose of trying to
take from him that which he has justly earned,
Imt to remind the careless workman—by means
of a penalu—to be moie careful in the future in
the preparation of his coal.
The demand for a cheekweighman is a law in
West Virginia and is compulsory, in part, if the
demand is made by the employe; but this demand
is seldom made, and wdien made, in the past it
has not in many instances met with the approval
of the employer as it should have done, and even
when it is mutually agreed to, friction usually
exists. The miner is entitled to honest weight or
measurement of the coal that he produces, and
should be guaranteed to his entire satisfaction
that he receives pay for every pound of coal produced
by him. 1 feel that on account of the conditions
that have heretofore existed and the bad
leeling that has grown out of these conditions, a
change should be made whereby the supervision of
weights and measurements can be delegated to
someone who is independent and neutral as between
the employer and the employe. The State
.Mining Department ohould make an equitable arbiter
that would end all future controversies relative
to the capacities of mine cars and the exact
weignt of each and every loaded car produced by
the miner. Tbe cars could be measured and
THE EXACT CAPACITY MARKED
on each car, as given in the acts of 1891. chapter
6: cr the car could be weighed in keeping with
the acts of 1901, chapter 20. There have been disputes
between operators and miners, and disagree
ments between the miners themselves as to who
should occupy the position of cheekweighman. The
law is evasive in its present draft and with but
two exceptions, where it is in use, it is thought
by a great many that the real spirit and intention
of the law is not being justly and equitably
carried out; hence my reason for suggesting a
change and that this responsibility be placed in
the hands of parties who are disinterested.
This weight and measure problem should not be
confined to the measurement of coal, but it should
lie applicable to the sale of all products in the
stores throughout tbe :;tate of West Virginia in
keeping with engrossed House Bill No. 65 that
passed the bouse at ihe last session of the legislature.
I have numerous letters from one of the
(CONTINUED o>> PAGE 47)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL EN­
GINEERS HOLD SESSION IN PITTSBURGH.
Some 200 members of the American Institute of
Electrical Engineers attended the two hundred and
eighty-second meeting ot the body in the Fort Pitt
Hotel, Pittsburgh. April 18.
The convention opened with R. I). Mershon,
Philadelphia, in the chair. Papers were read by
.1. XV. Hopwcod, master mechanic of the United
Coal Co., Pittsburgh, on "Electricitj as Applied to
Mining;" ('. W. Bens, engineer for tbe Lehigh
Valley Coal Co., on "Central Station Power for
Coal Mines;" F. B. Crosby, of the Central Electric
Co.. en "Alternating Current Motors for Economic
Operation oi Mine Fans;" H. C. Eddy, American
Gas & Electric Co, "Purchased Power in Coal
Mines:" J. S. Jenks, West Penn Traction Co.. "Central
Station Power for Mines." and H. H. Clark,
I'nited States Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh. "Safeguarding
the Use of Electricity in Mines." A social
session at the Fort Pitt Hotel concluded the
day.
An interesting feature of the day was a demonstration
of first-aid-to-the-injured in cases of electrical
shock, given by A. B. Riser of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. There was a discussion on the
demonstration by Dr. S. A. Lauffer, medical director
of the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing
Co., and E. H. Metcalf of the Pulmotor Co.
"Characteristics ot Substation Loads at the Anthracite
Collieries of tbe Delaware & Lackawanna
Railroad Co.," was the first paper read at the second
day session. The speakers on the subject
were H. M. Warten and A. S. Biesecker, both ot
Scranton, Pa. "Mining Loads for Cential Stations,"
was discussed by Wilfred Sykes and Graham
Bright, of the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing
Co. of Pittsburgli. A question box feature,
in which all questions on the work were
answered, In ought the meeting to final adjournment
at 1 o'clock.
ADDITIONAL DEFENDANTS IN BIG SUIT.
J. P. Morgan & Co. and the Central Trust Co.
of New York must come into the case along with
the alleged railroad and coal company combine.
in which the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, the
Hocking Valley and the Sunday Creek Coal Co.
were principal parties and which the United States
Court has decided is a trust in violation of the
anti-trust law. according to a decision in the United
States Circuit Court of Appeals, at Columbus,
0., April 19.
Tlie decision is that al! persons interested in
title to stock of the Sunday Creek Co. and all
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
holding property pledged to secure the dividing ot
the coal traffic ot the Kanawha & Hocking and tiie
Continental Coal & Coke Co. should lie made parties
to the Government's suit.
By this ruling the Central Trust Co. as trustee
of tlie first consolidated mortgage, John H. Doyle
as trustee of the stock agreement of April, 1006,
and Morgan & Co., as trustees for the Kanawha
i: Hocking and the Continental Coal & Coke Co..
charged with securing the agreed division of the
coal traffic, are ordered to be made parties to the
case.
CINCINNATI MINE OF THE MONONGAHELA
RIVER COAL COMPANY EXPLODES AND
NINETY-SIX MEN LOSE LIVES.
The Cincinnati mine of the Monongahela River
Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., at Courtney, Pa.,
was wrecked by an explosion on April 23, and in
consequence 96 employes of the mine lost their
lives.
Immediately following the explosion fire broke
out in the mine, but it was soon gotten under control,
and the lescue crews of the company, of neighboring
companies and the Federal Bureau of Mines
went into the wrecked workings to bring out tlie
bodies and rescue any employes who might have
escaped instant death.
Chief of the Department of Mines of Pennsylvania
James E. Roderick arrived shortly after the
extent of the disaster became known, and bad
charge of the rescue work.
April 28 a committee of state mine inspectors
went thiough the mine to ascertain the cause of
the explosion and their report will be made at the
coroner's inquest within the next fortnight.
The mine is known as a gaseous one and safety
lamps were in use by the miners.
While the official report will be necessary to deteimine
the exact cause of the explosion, the consensus
of opinion is it was due to gas becoming
ignited in some manner.
NORFOLK AND WESTERN SHIPMENTS.
Below is a statement of the coal and coke shipped
from the Norfolk & Western mines : n the
state of West Virginia for tlie month of March,
1913:
N. & W. Field. Total Coal. Coke.
Focahontas 1.019,715 116,219
Tug River 187,827
Thacker 247,318
Kenova 66,815
Total 1,521.675 116.219

26
SENATOR WATSON HEADS
BIG NEW COAL COMPANY.
It was announced April 22 that the Elk Horn
Fuel Co. has just effected a permanent organiza­
tion at a meeting In the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, in
New York. The operations will he in the Ken­
tucky Coal fields, embracing the various veins in
the Elk Horn territory. The capitalization of tbe
company is $30,000,000 and its holdings of coal
will approximate 300,000 acres.
The officers elected are: President, former Sen­
ator Clarence W. Watson; J. C. C. Mayo. J. N.
Camden, George A. Baird. George W. Fleming,
vice presidents; S. D. Camden, treasurer; J. W.
M. Stewart, secretary; O. S. McKinnev ancl John
A. Clark, of Fairmont, W. Va.: W. A. Ohley, of
Charleston: Thomas Davis and J. Nuebaam, of Cin­
cinnati; G. T. Williams and J. F. Fenhagan. of
Baltimore; .1. R. Buckingham and J. Connell. of
Xew York, are the diieetors.
CASE IS BEING REHEARD.
Upon the application of the Union Pacific, the
Burlington and tbe Colorado & Southern railroads,
tbe state railroad commission last Saturday
granted a rehearing of the case of tlie Consumers'
league, which resulted in a reduction of practi­
cally 50 per cent, in freight rates lrom the north­
ern lignite fields to Denver, which have been in
effect almost 20 years. The case will probably
lie heard this week.
Tlie order miking the new rates was to becoms
effective on Friday, Apiil 24. and as the state su­
preme court has upheld the light of the commis­
sion to establish rates, it is not at all likely that
the commission will reverse :ts?lf. It is stated
that the railroads seek to mitigate, if possible, the
full effect of the sweeping reductions, and that they
will ask for some concessions in the ruling, how­
ever slight.
It is contended by the railroads that the rates as
fixed by the commission are unreasonable, and that
the enforcement of the order will cause an annual
loss to the Burlington of $30,000 and will be confiscatory
to the other roads.
The case has been dragging along for five years.
and it is rumored that the railroads may possibly
appeal the case to the federal court. No steps,
however, have yet been taken in this direction.
The J. B. B. Coal Co. of Boston, Mass., has sued
the Norfolk & Western railroad for $97,1)00 damages
in the Boyd county. Ky., court at Catlettsburg.
The basis of the suit is tbe alleged failure of the
lailroad company to furnish coal cars to handle
the output of tbe company.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
INJUNCTION AGAINST MINE WORKERS.
Judge Graham in circuit court at Huntingdon,
W. Va., has issued a temporary injunction restrain­
ing union organizers from corecing or threatening
125 miners employed by the New River Coal Co.
at Ottawa. Boone county, W. Va.
It was alleged by the plaintiff coal company that
violence was feared. The suit was directed against
the national and local officials of District No. 17
and also against those miners employed at the Ot­
tawa mine, who have already joined the union.
The defendants were not restrained from peaceable
methods of urging the Ottawa miners to join the
union. The order, however, prohibits coercion or
threats in an effoi t to induce the miners to become
allied with the union. Any destruction of prop­
erty is prohibited by the injunction.
|< PERSONAL !*j
Mr. John Gibson, superintendent of the Boswell
mines of the United Coal Co.. comes to Pittsburgh,
this date, as general superintendent of all the
United Coal Co.'s mining operations. Mr. Gib-
sen in June. 1905. became general superintendent
of construction for the United Coal Co. He was
appointed superintendent of the Jerome mines
July 1. 19H7, resigning in July, 1909, to accept the
place of general manager of the Arctic Coal Co. at
Trondhjem. Norway. Mr. Gibson returned from
Europe in January, 1911, to become general super­
intendent of tbe Canadian collieries at Cumberland.
British Columbia, resigning that position in June,
1912. and becoming district superintendent of tbe
United Coal Co., at Boswell.
Governor Major of Missouii has appointed Mr.
George Hill oi Bevier as chief mine inspector of
the state. The governor also appointed three mine
inspectors, as follows: Mr. Evans Jones of Higbee,
inspector of coal mines. Mr. C. M. Harlan of Carlerville,
and Mr. R. C. Detchemendy of Flat River.
inspectors of lead and zinc mines. He will ap­
point four more inspectors later.
Mr. C. H. Horrell has been appointed coal agent
id' the Erie Railroad at Chicago to succeed N. H.
Kendall, resigned to become commissioner of the
Chicago Coal Dealers' association.
Mr. Thomas Russell, for more than 20 pears ac­
tively engaged in managing coal mines on Van­
couver island, is now residing in Vancouver, B. C.
Mr. E. Coe Kerr has resigned the secretaryship
of the Kerr Coal Co. of New York to go with the
Watkins Ccal Co.
Tin- international executive board of the United
Mine Workers will meet in Indianapolis May 1.

STOCK OWNERSHIP URGED AT BANQUET
OF PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY EM­
PLOYES ASSOCIATION.
Bringing the employer and employes into closer
relation as the result of the latter becoming stockholders
in the corporation, was the keynote of
speeches made at the banquet in the Duquesne
Club April 17, tendered by the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
Employes' Association to the mine and shop superintendents.
Covers were laid for lOu and following
the excellent menu, Charles M. Jolinston,
general counsel for the Pittsburgh Coal Co., took
the helm. Prior to the banquet Mr. Johnston proposed
a toast to the Pittsburgh Coal Co. and tbe
president, W. K. Field, who was absent.
The guests of the evening included M. H. Taylor,
chairman of the board of directors; John A. Donaldson,
vice president, and Don Rose, counsel tor
th" Pittsburgh Coal Co.; D. C. Stevenson, secretary
and treasurer of the Federal Supply Co.; T. A.
Rowand, auditor; C. C. Bunton, master of transportation;
.1. W. Barbel, general manager docks
and mills; J. A. Morgan, assistant general manager
of docks and mills, Monongahela River Coal
Co.; XV. C. Ledlie, manager of the Monongahela
saw and planing mill, and R. S. Wilson ot the real
estate department Pittsburgh Coal Co.
Mr. Taylor declared that the personnel of the organization
had resulted in the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
becoming a magnificent institution that was just
beginning to come into its own. He laid stress
upon the fact that the three essentials of future
success were conservation of lhes of men in the
mines, preservation of tbe company's property and
the reclamation of coal. He ended by stating
that as long as coal remains the economic factor
of commerce, its intrinsic value will remain.
J. B. L. Hornoerger, comptroller and president
of the Pittsbuigh Coal Co. Employes' Association,
was called upon to explain the workings of the
organization. He said there were two sides to
the association, the business side which tried to
point out that the large ancl growing percentage
of stockholders in the lanks of the employes had
a tendency to benefit the company ancl the human
side which showed the men that buying stock was
an ideal way to save and invest money, and that
they would make better sons, husbands and fathers
by identifying themselves witli the organization.
He argued that all positions should be filled by
stocKiiolders and that the association stood ready
to purchase fiom a share to $1 worth of stock for
any employe.
Vice President Donaldson, who is in charge of
the operating department, after talking in a facetious
vein along the lines of the life of the superintendent
iieing an easy one these days with labor
unions, a legislature and a pit committee to help
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
him, he declared that witli a shortage of men and
cars ancl men hard to handle, that co-operation
was needed, particularly as then 1 was a busy year
ahead.
G. W. Schluederberg of the association board of
managers declared the Pittsburgh Coal Co. was one
of the greatest organizations in the world and that
it was an honor to be a co-worker. He urged the
superintendents to explain to the men under them,
individually and collectively, the benefits to lie
derived from becoming stockholders, on the ground
that it would be better for both the men and their
superiors. W. A. Marsh, general manager of sales,
spoke about the "kicks" from customers and Counsel
Don Rose aigued that the fact that an employe
was a stockholder in the company precluded his
striking, as he would not injure his own property.
Benjamin Fereday, mine inspector; James Porter,
H. D. Thomson, superintendents; Waiter .1.
Phillips of the board of managers of the association
and William McPherson, secretary, all indorsed the
idea of the employes of tbe company becoming
stockholders. S R. Wilson of the real estate department
contributed half a dozen verses entitled
"If I We v e King tor a Day," in which various employes
from President Field down came in for honorable
mention.
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD
ENGINEMEN MUST INSPECT COAL.
The following general notice has been issued
from the offices of Superintendent Preston of the
Middle division of the Pennsylvania Railroad at
Harrisburg, Pa.:
"When passenger trains are delayed as a result
of the engine failing in steam, the cause is sometimes
given as poor coal, a report to that effect
being received generally too late to admit of a
proper investigation. In future the enginemen
will make an examination of the coal on tenderprior
to departure on each trip, and when same is
found to be of a poor quality be should, before
leaving the terminal, report the fact in writing or
personally to a representative of either the master
mechanic or road foreman of engines for investigation.
If enginemen fail to so examine the coal
ancl report the condition previous to departure
with train, a later report to that effect will require
some other supporting evidence to defend
their statements.
"Time table rule No. 168 is in no way affected
by this notice."
Effective this date, the Paint Creek Collieries
Co. will sell its product under its own name and
the Lackawanna Coal & Lumber Co.. which has sold
the product in the past, will pass out of existence.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CENTRAL STATION POWER FOR COAL MINES*
Bv C. W. Beers. Electrical Engineer Lehigh Valley Coal Company. Wilkes-Barre. Pa
The purchase of central station power by coal operators
for use in and about the coal mines, appears
paradoxical owing to the apparent cheapness of
fuel at the mines, yet some companies have found
it economical to do so, and up to the present time
these companies do not regret making contracts
for the purchase of power. One large coal company
in the anthracite field has closed a contract
with a large central station for a long term of
years, and with considerable advantage to itself.
To correctly understand the reasons why a large
producer of anthracite should find it economical
to purchase central station power, it is necessary
to have a clear understanding of the ordinary
steam production, and the uses to which it is applied
in and around the various collieries.
About eight or ten years ago. tlie writer was discussing
with the mechanical engineer of a coal
company the seemingly large amounts of steam
used in various collieries, as the cry of the colliery
people was constantly lor more steam, although
the installation of new steam consuming
devices was In no way proportional to the constantly
increasing amount of steam generated.
The mechanical engineer in reply advised that
it was simply a waste of money to install more
boiler capacity, and made tbe remark that the
surest and best method of increasing the boiler
plant capacity was to get busy with the pumps
and engines, meaning that if the pumps and engines
were kept in suitable repair, or rejected, and
an entire new outfit substituted, that the existing
boiler plants would be largely in excess of the
actual steaming capacity required, ancl would operate
with better load with a conesquent reduction
in steam expense. A statement of this kind, coming
from a liberal minded engineer, is the pure
unadulterated truth.
There are old-fashioned pumps in the mines today
working on 24-hour service that vary in age
from 40 years down, and as long as they are to
push water they apparently fill the bill regardless
of the fact that they can
11KIEST EASILY 160 POUNDS
(72.5 kg.) of steam per waJer horse power. Pumps
on long duty service are seldom touched on account
of the time necessary to make suitable repairs,
and when repairs are made the question is
not "how economically will the pump operate," but
rater "how r short a time will it take to make repairs."
One can imagine in what condition the
cylinders, pistons, valves, etc., are in, and with
*Paper presented at the Pittsburgh Meeting of the American
Institute of Electrical Engineers, Pittseurgh, Pa.. April
18-19. 1913,
tight packing and a poor water end it it is not a
hard problem to guess where the steam goes.
The same is true of engines. There are fine
specimens of old time workmanship and materia!
in service 8760 hours per year. Fans usually
must lie kept running at any cost, and owing to
tbe inability to shut down the engines to make
necessary repairs, the pistons, rings and valves
become badly worn with the result that large
quantities of steam are used with a remarkably
bad distribution. More than cne fan engine shows
90 pounds (40.8 kg.) ot steam per Indicated horse
power. These statements are advanced to show
the condition of much of the machinery in use
to-day. Colliery operations are usually conducted
with the idea of getting maximum coal output, and
little attention or money is spent in keeping the
machinery in repair so that it may work at maximum
economy.
A great source of loss in the present colliery
steam plants to-day is in the boilers themselves.
This is due to the fact that the firemen employed
are not very intelligent and their wages are not
particularly high. The result is that while fuel
is comparatively cheap, little effort is made to use
it economically; oftentimes the grates are illadapted
for the kind of fuel used and this is due
to the fact that the fuel varies largely in quality
from time to time. Draft arrangements are not
always suitable, with the result that much energy
goes up the stack. The boiler units are usually
small in size, working at large overloads, and no
arrangements are made to have them operate at
their highest efficiency.
As far as the boiler losses are concerned they
are subject to easy control, and one large operating
company has made great strides in this direction
by expending intelligent effort on the
TYPE OF BOILER t'SED,
the grates employed, and the quality of fuel burned.
Long steam lines poorly designed are responsible
for much waste of steam. Leaks are seldom
repaired, and owing to exposed locations the
pipe covering is usually in bad condition.
From the above rough sketch of average conditions
it is seen that large steam consumptions are
invited, and it is a conservative statement to say
that for every effective horse power-hour used
in and about tbe coal mines, 25 to 30 pounds (11.3
to 13.6 kg.) of fuel are burned under the boilers.
During the last eight years the average value of
the fuel used under colliery boilers has increased
in value from 35 cents per ton to 75 cents per ton
and it is still advancing.

To-day, an ordinary boiler plant of 700 to 1,1)00
horse power rated capacity has a steam cost of
approximately 15 cents per 1,000 pounds (453.5
kg.) of steam generated. This figure drops tj
about 12 cents per 1,000 pounds in plants of 2,000
to 3,000 boiler horse power capacity.
The constantly increasing cost of steam is a condition
that the operator is beginning to appreciate,
and as a result he is looking for a cheaper
form of power. The large savings introduced by
the original small electric haulage plants proved
suggestive, and as a result many collieries to-day
are electrically operated in whole or in part.
The correct design of a modern central station
plant for colliery operations is a rather difficult
task, and it requires that the future of the mining
operations be clearly forecast. This is an exceedingly
difficult thing to do, and as a result,
the tendency is to curtail the initial expense as
much as possible owing to the uncertainty of future
developments. Hence the plant is started
on a more or less limited basis with the idea of
expansion.
This is good practice, and the engineer being
eager to show good economy installs apparatus
that permits of a good load factor on the plant,
and as a result shows low cost of power at the
switchboard. As soon as the plant is loaded, additional
apparatus must obe installed. The station
then will operate at a reduced load factor for
some time, although there has been no reduction
in the steaming expense; hence the cost per kw-hr.
delivered to the switchboard has naturally increased.
This method produces a variation in the kilowatt-hour
cost from time to time and may result
in the ultimate installation of
I'TVE OR ISX MACHINES
in the plant. Idle time periods and idle
hours during the working day require that some
machines work at under-load and this with full
steam capacity on the boilers, hence the load factor
naturally decreases, and as a result the average
kilowatt-hour cost is fairly high. This condition
must be so since the boiler plant does not
show a proportionate decrease in cost of steam as
the load falls off. The continued a"quisition of
generating capaciiy along these lines ultimately
results in a high cost per kilowatt installed
The cost per kilowatt installed varies somewhat
for each particular case and for a mining central
station of two 500-kv-a. turbo-generator units the
cost per kilowatt installed was found to be $110.07.
This included a 100 deg. superheater for each
boiler unit (1,200 boiler-horse power was divided
into three 400-horse power units). Stokers were
also included. The plant operation was based on
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
a 50 per cent, load factor. The following is an
estimated tabular statement of the fixed charges
per kilowatt installed:
Fixed charges
Item. Installation per yr. per kw.
cost per kw. Installed
5% int. on station cost.. 110.07 5.50
machinery 37.70 3.77
10% dep. and repairs on
switchboard 3.00 .15
10% dep. and repairs on
light arrester 30 .03
10% dep. and repairs on
superheater 4.80 .48
5% dep. and repairs on
buildings 6.hi) .30
10% dep. and repairs on
coal and ash handling
devices 5.1)0 .50
5% dep. and repairs on
boilers 42.00 2.10
Boiler repairs (800 h.p. at
$2.25 per yr.) 1.80
50'.; dep. and repairs on
condenser (mine water) 3.20 1.(10
5% dep. and repairs on
steam piping 2.00 .10
10% dep. and repairs on
feed water heater 1.50 .15
2% taxes and insurance
on plant cost 110.07 2.20
Superintendence, etc. ... .32
Total $19.00
On a basis of 50% load factor we would have the
following operating cost per \eai per kilowatt:
Fuel at 75 cents per ton 7.62
Boiler room attendants 3.42
Power house 2.00
One general electrician one-half time 0.75
Oil, waste, etc 0.20
Water 2.12
$16.11
From these figures it will be observed that there
is a constant, fixed charge of $19.00 per kilowatt
installed which is a constant, regardless of the
loan on tbe plant. On a basis of 50 per cent, load
factor there is a yearly charge estimated at $16.11.
At this point in the argument it is well to consider
these values. Under the item of fixed cost
the values of depreciation and repairs may be considered
high. This is not the case. It must be
remembered that the plant is installed as a mining
plant to suit mining conditions, and not a main
central station in some city. The care exercised
in preserving efficiency, etc., is in proportion to

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the intelligence of the help employed, hence the
plant may be considered to depreciate rapidly for
two reasons: First, variations in the proposed
life ot the plant or additions may be required
from time to time, with the result that present
capacities may be hardly operated before the neces­
sary additions are made, thus bringing about a
condition of bard usage; second, obsolescence of
equipment. The first reason naturally carries
with it large rapiis. For these reasons the above
values are considered lair, and hence the fixed
charge per kilowatt ot $19.00 is considered fair.
The operating costs such as coal, water, labor,
etc., are the real bones of contention, and at best,
their estimate is simply a guess, and the nearer
the load factor approaches unity the oetter the
guess. It is at this point, the real crucial point
in the kilowatt-hour cost, that many fail, simply
because of tbe high value of the load factor assumed.
The investigation of a mine load shows that on
account of hoisting, locomotive, and other varia­
ble power service, the load naturally varies largely
in a plant of the above rating. The variable load
being such as to cause the generators to be tem­
porarily overloaded many times during the day.
Also, for many periods during the day they are
i\in at underloads, and neither condition tends
toward the "pest economy although
THE LOAD FACTOli
based on the kilowatt-hours generated may be
fairly high. The result is that a large portion oi
the kilowatt-hours developed are on ascending
parts of the water rate curves of the prime mov
ers, and hence, we approach a condition of good
load factor on a reduced steam economy. Ii is
such conditions as these that cause the ordinary
mine central station to differ irom the regular city
central station in which the load vaiies at uniform
rates.
Another condition that tends to destroy the cal­
culated load factor is the idle clay periods, and,
when pumping must be taken care of, the absence
of large quantities of water. It is estimated that
105 clays per year are idle days, and naturally on
these day< Ihe load factor is not nearly so good
as on the regular working clay, and particularly
is this true if pumping is not required during a
part of this time. The fixed charge of $19.00
still keeps on working silently ancl so does a large
portion ef (he $16.11 due to operating expenses.
The onlj items of this charge that siiow any real
decrease are the coal and water. Therefore, we
see that while it is possible to estimate the average
kilowatt cost per year at a total of $35.00 or $0.0OS
per kilowatt hour on a basis of 50 per cent, load
factor, there are other things at work that are apt
lo change this figure considerably.
It will be observed in the original estimate of
$110.07 per kilowatt installed that no reserve oi
emergency equipment has Deen included. If such
had been the case, then the fixed charge of $19.00
would have to be considerably increased, with .1
resulting increase in the estimated kilowatt-hour
cost.
A number of calculations on mine power plants
up to and including 1,500 kw. caiiacity resulted in
a close agreement ot all tbe figures which may be
expressed in concrete form as follows:
Cost per kilowatt installed $110.07
Fixed charges per kilowatt per year 19.00
Operating charges per kilowatt per year. . 16.11
Net cost per kilowatt-hour at switchboard .008
Load factor 50%
A careful study of these statements by the en­
gineer will bring to mind the following questions:
"Why must I be saddled
Wl'l 11 A FIXED CHAKOE
of $19.00 per kw.," ancl "how can I improve the load
factor within safe station limits and reduce tho
kilowatt-hour cost'.'"
Some years ago a large central station of 40,-
000-kw. ultimate capacity, located in a mining
icgion, endeavored to interest the company by
which I am employed, in central station power,
but lack of understanding of mining conditions on
the part of the central station always interfered.
Finally it became apparent if the power com­
pany could be induced to sell to tbe mining com­
pany at a rate not exceeding eight mills per kw-
hr. on a 50 per cent, load factor basis, tnat the
proposition would be a fine solution to the above
perplexing questions, and it was with this idea
in view that the mining company ultimately took
up the consideration of central station power in
earnest.
A close study of colliery conditions, such as the
expected load factor, periods of high and light
loads, peak loads, etc.. indicated that if a complete
understanding of conditions could be made clear
to tbe [lower company a contract advantageous
to all parties concerned would be considered.
Later a contract was executed to the satisfaction
of all concerned in whieli the charge per
kilowatt-hour was based on load factor only.
Before the contract was signed the following
points were taken up ancl thoroughly discussed:
A. On what basis cm rent would be paid for.
B. Territory to be covered by the contract.
C. Location of meters for registering the power
consumed.
D. Delivered voltage, power, and point of delivery.
E. Maximum demand charges.
F. What apparatus should be considered as

"connected" load and the methods of rating the
same?
G. The included rating of apparatus used intermittently.
H. The method of determining load factor.
K. Pole line charges—co-paity lines.
L. Power factor.
M. Explanation of terms used.
O. What constitutes a substation.
The discussion of eact of the above topics
brought out the following arguments for their
adoption, and at the same time
lEU'STHATES THE ITEMS
that should be considered in any contract between
a central station and a mine operator.
A. Current could be paid for either on the
"straight maximum demand basis plus cost per
kilowatt-hour," or on a varying rate depending
on the load factor. The latter plan was argued
and adopted, because it is a simpler method of
handling all charges. It eliminates errors due to
wrong reading- of graphic meters, and hence prevents
arguments as to the demand. To the ordinary
mind, it presents the idea of cheaper rates
in a clearer manner than rates based on the demany
system, as the only point to be observed is
that the greater the load factor the less the rate;
whereas the straight demand system has a tendency
to curtail consumption due to the fact that
the demand power may at times be cumulative,
and hence the operator may feel worried as he
sees the increase on his demand chart, although
his kilowatt-hours may not increase.
B. The contract to be of benefit should be made
to cover all territory that a private mining plant
could ultimately cover in order that maximum
results in load factor would be obtained.
C. The preferred location for meters should be
on the secondary side of transformers. This is
not absolutely necessary if the central station installed
the meters.
In any event they should always be located in
the customers' substation.
D. In this case the power company agreed to
deliver direct into the customer's substation, consequently
it seemed fair and equitable to permit
the power company to deliver tlie power and voltage
from its nearest avaiiable lines. This particular
power delivery should always be specified
by letter for any particular substation; experience
has proven this to be satisfactory. If the
customer was required to build his line into his
own substation then he should
HAVE THE PRIVILEGE
of determining his own voltage in order to suit
his delivery requirements. This would eliminate
the cost of probable transformers on the part of
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
the customer in lieu of the investment require 1
by the pole line.
E. Under (A) it was decided tc use a sliding
rate per kilowatt-hour rather than a charge based
on maximum demand. On what would the maximum
demand be based? Certainly not on the
momentary maximum starting loads of motors, as
the starting peaks ot motors would scarcely be
noticed on the load curve of a station of 40,00u
kv-a.; neither could a two or three-minute peal;
be used on account of the difficulty of properly
analyzing curves for such a time limit, as errors
would naturally be introduced by the thickness of
the line; neither could a five-minute peak be used,
because this would tend to eliminate hoisting and
this would be unfair to the central station, as
much hoisting is clone on a one, two. or threeminute
basis.
To settle this question the central power plant
officials visited many plants in the mining regions,
and found from actual observation tnat the
rating of the "connected" load was just about
twice the average maximum demand that occurs
on the plant. Experience proved this to be fairly
close, hence for the term maximum demand a
figure was used that was equal to one-half of tho
total "connected" load, rated in kilowatts.
F. Since the basis of cost was lead factor and
since the "maximum demand" as cutiined above
is used in lieu of station capacity it is necessary
to correctly define tbe "connected load."
This to consist of all direct power consuming
devices (no transformers, converters, motor-generator
sets, etc.) and is equal to the sum of the
name plate ratings of all motors, or lamps, or
heating devices, etc.
Exceptions. D-c. hoist, and d-c. locomotives to
be rated on one hour nominal rated basis. A-c.
hoist to be rated on their continuous basis, and
where transformers are used for lighting only,
then the full kilowatt rating of the transformers
is used.
G. Suppose reserve equipment should be installed
such as pumps to give protection in time"
of floods. This equipment
WOULD BE IN SERVICE
only a few weeks total time per year. It was
considered equitable to include this apparatus only
for the month during which it was used. It is
reasonable to state that in a private mining plant
emergency conditions are given preference, and
therefore other apparatus would not be worked;
for this reason it was consideied that such reserve
equipment should not be carried irom month to
month as connected load.
H. The method of determining load factors was
intimated in (F) and is as follows: Let the total
manufacturers name plate rating of apparatus

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
used during the month equal 500 kw. and let the
total kilowatt-hours used during the month of
thirty days equal 72.000; then the maximum demand
is equal to 500 divided by 2, equals 250, and
the average demand is equal to 72,000 divided by
30 days times 24, equals 100; therefore, 100 divided
by 250 equals 40 per cent, which is the load
factor. Reference to the cost curve shows the
rate to be approximately $.009, therefore the charge
for that particular month would be 72,000 kw-hr.
times $.009 equals $648.00.
K. If the coal company should require company
to build a power line expressly to reach a substation,
then it seems fair and equitable that the
power company should be paid a charge on this
line that will represent a total investment charge
on the line. However, if the coal company uses
power of a value in excess of this investment
charge, then no pole line cost shall be included
in the monthly bill, but if no power is used then
the full investment charge is to be paid. This
service was fixed at 15 per cent, of the pole line
cost.
Exceptions. If the power company should place
extra customers on this line, then this 15 per cent.
line charge should be pro-rated among the various
customers in proportion to their respective "demands."
L. At all times it is to the interest of the coal
company to have the proper voltage. The installation
of considerable amounts of induction machinery
tends to destroy this feature, and may
cause trouble to pumps, fans and hoists, hence to
protect itself it is good policy on the part of the
coal company to use power factor correcting devices
judiciously.
M. In order that no errors in calculations in
load factors, etc., could
AltlSE THKOUflH IllNOr.AXCE,
the power company considered it advisable to
make use of definitions that clearly explain the
following terms:
Maximum demand.
Manufacturers name nlate rating.
Load factor.
Day.
O. To suitably define the word "substation" it
was determined that all operations that could be
conveniently grouped under one colliery lease
should be known as a substation.
From the a'love discussion of the elements of a
power contract it is seen how essential it is that
the central station people should be made to thoroughly
understand colliery operations and the conditions
relating to connected loads, and in addition
they should be made to appreciate the fact that
the dav load is highly desirable as it reduces their
station losses and increases their load factor to a
very high degree, and when the night loads occur
that they are usuall.v of the constant duty kind.
Failures on the part of others to obtain satisfactory
rates could no doubt be charged directly
to this lack of knowledge on the part of the central
station which is due to the failure of the mining
company to properly co-operate with the central
station people.
The company with which I am connected has
been operating on central station power for about
one year, and up to the present we have about
1.000 kw. connected load consisting of fans, pumps,
hoists, locomotives, and heaters, and provisions
are being made to increase this amount in the near
future by about 2,500 kw. Plans are now under
way to remove the present boiler plant from a colliery
and operate entirely by central power.
Since operating on central station power, a number
of features have presented themselves that
make it look like a very satisfactory arrangement.
They are as follows:
1. Our average kilowatt cost is lower than the
estimated kilowatt charges in the ratio of about
7'_. to 8, and this kilowatt charge is based on delivery
at our substation meters, and not at the
main power house switchboard as per the original
data.
2. The company is more ready to consider additions
to its power equipment
DUE TO TIIE FACT
that main power plant costs have been entirely
eliminated and do not appear in tbe estimate.
3. There is always a "readiness to serve" on
the part of the central station and this is seldom
true of the mining power plant.
4. There is absolutely no worry due to power
plant operation.
5. In case of holidays, etc., the monthly bill
will increase slightly, which would not be the
case in those plants operated by the mining company
for in such plants labor and fuel decrease
but little.
6. As electric operations are increased less demands
are made on the colliery boiler plant with
the result that coal will be sent to a ready market
which otherwise would be burned under the boil
ers, and ultimately this will be no small amount
of fuel.
7. The use of central station power affords a
remarkably cheap method of reaching isolated
banks, and isolated pumping problems. Operations
such as small washeries are more or less
temporary in character, and can be advantageously
worked without causing the distress that might
be occasioned when operated from a mine central
station.
8. The service is reliable. Our service up to
ihe present time does not total more than 15 min-

utes delay due to failure ot supply and these failures
were directly due to lighting.
9. The effect of efficiency is not particularly
noticeable hence air gaps can be made larger
which is highly desirable in mining apparatus as
it reduces the danger of break-down.
In the above discussion the author has presented
the case of mine central station, vs. public service
corporation supply as it appears to him. Experience
has been somewhat limited, but the longer
the service is continued the more is the author
convinced that the purchase of power from public
service corporations offers advantages that should
not be overlooked by mining corporations.
H
RETAIL TRADE NOTES
The Michigan-Ohio-Indiana Coal association is
sending out the 1913 year book, which is quite a
pretentious publication. It contains a full list of
the members of the organization in Michigan, Ohio
and Indiana. It also contains instructions for
dealers who wish to file claims against railroads,
the new re-weighing rules put into effect ancl the
new demurrage rules. The information contained
is of much interest to the coal trade in general.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
DELAWARE AND HUDSON REPORTS
INCREASE COST OF PRODUCTION.
The report of the Delaware & Hudson Co. for
1912 shows that the profit for the year was $5,506.-
089.42, according to the audit made by James A.
Linen, of Scranton: William S. Opdyke and George
I. Wilber, the auditing committee.
The charges to extraordinary expenses of the
coal mining department amounted to $857,975.42,
as against $823,654.71 in 1911, as follows:
New collier at Archbald. Pa $280,321.97
Sinking shafts and shaft improvements. 107,884.91
Tunnels and new openings 83.892.24
New engines, new boilers, boiler houses
and fittings 69.965.30
Rope haulage, slopes, planes and ropes. 59,892.04
Concrete barns, etc 58,220.19
New pumps and new pump rooms 44,216.49
Electric plants and machinery 43,122.89
Tracks, compressors, etc 41,359.36
Other new buildings 14,753.63
Improvements to oreakers and washeries 7.196.7S
Conveyors 1,028.46
Miscellaneous 46,121.16
Total $857,975.42
The road mined 6,438,555 tons as against 7,280,-
The Northwestern Retail Coal Dealers' associa­
939 in 1911. This was due to the suspension of
tion will hold its annual convention at Duluth,
1912. Coal revenues were $42,543.10 greater, how­
July 9, 10 and 11. One of the features will be a
ever, and the decrease in expenses was $426,783.78.
series of three addresses by Dr. Stanley L. Krebs
The net revenue was $586,037.14, while in 1911 it
on "Merchandise," "His Honor, the Other Fellow,"
was $116,710.26.
and "Helping the Customer to Buy."
In accordance with the ordinance passed May 9,
The George B. Newton Coal Co. has declared a 1899, and amended at the annual meeting of stock­
semi-annual dividend of 3% per cent, on its first holders held on May 10, 1910, there was accumu­
preferred stock, payable May 1 out of first six lated in the coal department sinking fund $285.months
earnings. No action will be taken on the 486.35. Of this amount $11,7S0.04 was applied
dividend on the second preferred stock until the toward the cost of coal lands purchased in the
next board meeting.
Wyoming section of Pennsylvania, and the balance
was applied to the advances to the Schuylkill Coai
The annual convention of the Canadian Retail
Coal Dealers' association will be held in Toronto
on June 18 and t9. President Webster is working
very hard on the program and among other
things has arranged for an exhibit of coal-handling
& lion Co. and the Shanferoke Coal Co. for the
acquisition of anthracite coal lands in Schuylkill
county, Pennsylvania.
Since the adjustment of the wage schedules and
the sales prices of coal following the strike of
machinery.
1902, there has been a constant increase in the cost
The lower branch of the Massachusetts legisla­
of producing coal from year to year, due to the
ture has agreed to a constitutional amendment per­
causes mentioned, which was not counterbalanced
mitting cities and towns to deal in the necessaries
by anv changes in prices which were made during
of life. The purpose is to authorize municipal
that period, so that the operating costs of producing
coal of this and subsidiary companies, includ­
coal yards.
ing taxes, but excluding sinking fund for depletion
of the coal lands, were higher in 1911 than in
T. W. Friend, secretary of tbe People's Coal Co., 1901 by $0.5575 per ton; while, on the other hand,
of Pittsburgh, has announced that a special meet­ if all of this product had been sold at tidewater
ing of the stockholders of the corporation will be ithe prices prevailing there being a fair indication
held June 16. to vote for or against the question of of the fluctuations in prices which might take
increasing fhe indebtedness of the company. place in any other market), the increased price

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
return of 1911 over 1901 would have been $0.4318
per ton. Thai is. lb" increased cost of production
exceeded the increased price return by $0.1257 per
ton, and made it impossible to earn a fair return
on the investment. Therefore, some increase ir:
llie market price of coal was necessary even
though no increase in wages had occurred.
Assuming that in the > ear 1912 the mines had
been operated under normal conditions, but with
ihe increase ol' $0.0808 per ton in tbe cost of min­
ing unclei the new wage scale, with an increase of
$0.0338 per ton in taxes, aacl with the increase of
$0.25 per ton in tlie market pi ice of pea coal ancl
larger sizes, and with no change in tbe market
price of the smaller sizes (thus making an increase
in the average market price per ton of all
sizes of $0.1913), it would have resulted in an increase
over the year 1901 of $0.6553 per ton in the
cost of production and an increase of $0.6231 pe •
ton in the market price—indicating a decreased
return to the producer of ($-0.0328) three ancl
twenty-eight hundredths cents per Ion.
In its assets the company lists unmined coai
owned and controlled at $16,397,240.23. The rail­
road is put clown at $65,814,079.28. Coal mining
department equipment, cars, motors, mules, horses,
etc.. is set down at $i,303,362.30.
In the list of liabilities is $42,503,000 capital
stock and $58,171,000 in bonds.
Tiie total revenues from transportation were
$22,824,017.59 and the grand total was $22,480,-
102.95, being an increase of $1,058,2811.12.
Total freight carried in 1911 was 21,478,427 tons
and 20.824,568 tons in 1912.
Consolidation Coal Company Officials Inspect Mines.
During the fortnight a party of officials of the
Consolidation Coal Co., composed of Messrs. A. T.
Watson, purchasing agent; F C. Davis, assistanl
purchasing agent, R. L. Kingsland, superintend­
ent of the power ancl mechanical department; E.
B. Moore, chief engineer; C. S. Riggs, superintendent
of construction; A. W. Hesse, assistant chief
engineer; B. T. Cunningham, auditor; M. E Ash-
craft, traveling auditor; Z. F. Robertson, general
manager of stores; Frank Neelcy, assistant man­
ager ot stores; C. H. T.ulc cton. superintendent of
mining; Josiah Keely. assistant superintendent of
milling; Frank Shuttleworth; Frank Amos, live
stock buyer: J. O. Brooks, district superintendent.
and G. E. Peddicord, district superintendent, inspected
the mines of the company in the West
Virginia division. The mines visited were Nos.
32, 21. 55, 64, 44, 60, 39, 52. 29. 50. 25, 40, 27, 62, 50,
35. 24, 3u and 45.
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS (
J. V. Thompson, of Uniontown, Pa., purchased
irom Charles ancl William Phillips, executors of
\Y. S. Phillips, William Phillips. Jr., and E. P.
Phillips, executor.-; of Solomon Phillips, E. Phil­
lips, J. A. Phillips, Lizzie J. Junk and Annie and
John Work of Fayette county 268 acres of eoal in
Cumberland township, Greene county, Pa., for a
total consideration of $204,638.40.
J. V. Thompson of Uniontown, Pa . has purchased
from W. E. Spragg of Waynesburg, Pa.. 205.7 acres
of coal for $17,399.50; from Heibert DuPuy of Pitts­
burgh, 39.911 acres of coal in Cumberland town­
ship. Greene county, Pa., for $1: and from C. I.
Lantz of Morgantown, W. Va., 191.053 acres of
Greene county, Pa., ' oal for $1.
P. J. Bradley and J. .1. Koebert, of Waynesburg,
have sold to Hon. Bruce Sterling. F. H. McClelland,
John Langley, R. B. Hays, Judge R. E. Umble, Ed­
ward Anderson ancl others ot Uniontown, 757 acres
of coal in Gilmore township, Greene county. Pa..
for $151,400. The coal was owned by the Enterprise
Realty Co.
W. J. Miller of Bolivar, Pa., has purchased 1.000
acres of coal near that place from Robert Swank,
Jacob West, Harry Kline, Thomas McHail, Jalen
Henderson and tbe Beeler heirs at $50 per acre.
Messrs. N. B. Dunn, C. H. Dunn, J. yr. Dunn,
P. B. Riffe, H. M. Riffe and Daniel Polk, of Crab
Orchard, W. Va., have sold to Prince E. Lilly and
Dr. W. W. Hume 569 acres of coal for $95,569.
J. B. F. Rinehan of Waynesburg, Pa., has bought
from ('. W. Wr.yi hoff 60 acres of coal under the T.
Tharp farm in Richhill township, Greene county.
Pa., for $7,000.
The Penn Mutual Quemahoning Coal Co. of New
York, has purchased 10,000 ac.es of coal near Stoy-
estown, Pa., from 70 original owners for $1,000,000.
Mrs. Elizabeth Swisher of Catawba Pa., has sold
to the Catawba Coal Co. 25 acres of coal near Catawba
for $200 per acre.
G. G. Gans of Uniontown, Pa., has solu to J. I.
Rush 200 acres of coal in Center township, Greene
county. Pa., for $39,000.
Bulletin No. 14. Fouith series, of the Geological
Survey of Ohio, tells of die "Geology of the Col­
umbus Quadrangle." and is by Clinton R. Stauffer,
George D. Hubbard and J. A. Bownocker. It is in
three parts and is profusely illustrated.

PROGRAM FOR KENTUCKY FIRST AID MEET
The program committee of the Kentucky Mining
Institute, H. D. Easton, Hywel Davies and W. !..
Moss, for the meeting to be held May 16 and 17,
has selected the following twenty-four events for
the state-wide first aid contest to be held on Ma.\
16 at Lexington, in conjunction with the spring
meeting of the Kentucky Mining Institute.
Event No. 1. Lacerated scalp; top of the head
with bleeding. One man event.
Event No. 2. Right ear torn off; deep cut on
chin; bleeding. Two men event.
Event No. 3. Broken left arm below elbow. One
man event.
Event No. 4. Lacerated wound en left side of
head (the temple). Lacerated wound on top of
right shoulder. Two men event.
Event No. 5. Wound of right eye; simple fracture
of left knee cap; full team event.
Event No. 6. Lacerated wound in palm of left
hand. Right thigh compound fracture; improvised
stretcher. Full team event.
Event No. 7. Treat burns of face, neck, ears and
hands. Two men carry patient without stretchers.
Two men event.
Event No. 8. Compound fracture of lower jaw
on right side; deep wound on inner side of left
ankle. Bright red blood. Full .cam event.
Event No. 9. Left ear torn off; ends of fingers
cut off right hand; bright red blood. Two men
event.
Event No. 10. Dislocated shoulder, left side;
right foot smashed, bleeding. Full team event.
Event No. 11. Fracture right collar bone; lacerated
wound of the palm of right hand. Full team
event.
Event No. 12. Dislocation of the right hip; leg
thrown outward and broken left collar bone. Full
team event.
Event No. 13. Broken back; simple fracture of
right fore-arm. Full team event.
Event No. 14. Man fallen on electric wire, face
down, clothing burning; treat burns of breast and
arms. Full team event.
Event No. 15. Fracture of right leg above the
knee: carry the patient on a coat and pole stretcher
and place in ambulance; mine at top of hill, hospital
in the valley, road clown hill all the way. Full
team event.
Event No. 16. Man overcome by gas in a fourfoot
seam with a dislocated left shoulder. On"
man remove 30 feet to fresh air. One man event.
Event No. 17. Compound fracture of left leg
below the knee, bone sticking out on the inside of
the leg. Full team event.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
Event No. IS. Man overcome by gas; one man
perform; one man shoulder, lift and carry to place
of safety. Perform standard form of artificial respiration.
One man event.
Event No. 1!). Broken ribs on right side; dislocation
of left shoulder. Full team event.
Event No. 20. Man squeezed between mine cars;
broken pelvis and left elbow oadly crushed. Full
team event.
Event No. 21. Man overcome by after damp;
burns on hands, arms, neck and face. Full team
event.
Event No. 22. Man found under fall cf coal with
punctured wound of abdomen; broken ribs left
side: cut on right side of face; bleeding with
bright red blood in spurts. Full team event.
Event No. 23. Man run over by motor found
with right hand cut off. Left arm torn out of
shoulder socket. Full team event.
Event No. 24. Man to fall on electric wire; back
clown, unconscious. Rescue, give artificial respiration
one minute; treat burns on back and right
upper arm. Improvise stretchers. Carry 50 feet.
BRIQUETTING COAL IN CAPE BRETON.
With a large percentage of waste in coal mined,
it is evident that conservation by briquetting that
waste will be an ever-increasing industry in this
district, where coal mining is the foundation of
practically all the commercial and industrial life
of Cape Breton, ancl coal briquetting in Canada,
as an industry, is in its infancy, writes Consul
Charles A. Freeman, Svdney, Nova Scotia. England,
Germany, and Belgium have long recognized
the value of utilizing the dust of coal in making
fuel briquets ancl the industry in those countries
is of great proportions, millions of tens being produced
and sold annually.
In Cape Breton, as in all localities having a limited
market for coal production, the waste has not
been sufficiently considered, bul the market for
Cape Breton coal has expanded in the last 10 years,
and therewith has come increased production and a
growing desire to find a market for that which
heretofore has been unsalable.
The first briquetting of coal in eastern Canada
was in 1911, in a small plant at tbe McKay colliery,
wdiich was destroyed by fire in July, 1912.
Two plants are now in operation, both run by the
Colonial Coal Co. (Ltd.), of Sydney. The complete
installation, except belts and motors, was
purchased from the Ateliers Zimmermann-Hanrez
Co., of Monceau-sur-Sambre, Belgium. The plant
at the McKay colliery, with one press, has a capacity
of 10 tons per hour; while the plant at the
Bras d'Or colliery, with two presses, has a capacity

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of 20 tons per hour. The last-named plant is
operated by a 150 horsepower electric motor.
At the Bras d'Or colliery it is the companp's intention
to utilize the entire product in manufacturing
briquets and to work the mine to capacity.
The binder used is 7 to S per cent, pitch, furnished
by the Dominion Tar & Chemical Co. of Sydney.
The coal is first mixed with the pitch automatically,
the mixture crushed, carried to the mixer in
conveyors, and treated much the same way as
cement is mixed; at this point 400 to 500 degrees of
superheated steam is applied and the compound
conveyed thence to rotary presses. This finishes
the manufacturing operation, the briquets being
flat ovals, weighing slightly less than one-quarter
pound each. The finished product by endless belt
conveyors is carried to storage, ready for shipment.
The company manufactured 4,500 short
tons during the 1912 season, the selling price being
$3.25 per ton. The loss of one plant by fire and
late installation, November, 1912, of the larger,
curtaile-d production so that orders could not be
filled. The output for 1913 will be greatly increased.
The advantage of briquets over ordinarp bituminous
coal, as claimed by this coal company, is
that in handling there is practically no breakage,
consequently no dust; that the fuel being of uniform
size permits in combustion equalization of
draft; that briquetting gives complete combustion
with no clinkers; that there is no danger from
spontaneous combustion; that coal so treated will
not deteriorate in open storage, and that a great
labor saving is effected in loading and unloading.
It is also claimed that coal so treated, notwithstanding
the pitch binder used, does not produce
more smoke than ordinary coal; that it gives off
no odors; that the briquets do not soften in extremely
hot weather, the pitch being so evenly
distributed and of so small a percentage used that
excessive summer heat has no effect on them.
That theie is absolutely no injurious effect in the
use. by the consumer, of briquetted coal, and that
the briquet does not disintegrate in burning; it
holds together until entirely consumed, as after
the pitch is burned, which it does more rapidly
than the coal, a coke briquet is left. The company
named has some 200 men employed in mining coal
and about its surface plant.
Engineers employed by the Cambria county. Pa.,
commissioners have just finished a stupendous
task of assessing the minerals of the county at
what they believe to be the full value. While
they have not given out any definite figures those
in close touch with the work say tbe coal in Cambria
county is valued at $25,000,000.
VIRGINIAN SHIPMENTS.
The coal and coke shipments over the Virginian
railway in tons month of March, 1913, were:
Coal: Net Torn;.
New River Collieries Co 41,594
E. E. White Coal Co 33,225
Loup Creek Colliery Co 29,187
Slab Fork Coal Co 28,075
MacAlpin Coal Co 27,456
Gulf Smokeless Coal Co 24,616
Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern R.R., \ la Pax, 22,637
E. E. White Coal Co 19,366
Raleigh Coal & Coke Co 15,182
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 13,836
Winding Gulf Colliery Co 12,203
Gulf Coal Co 11,172
Lynwin Coal Co 10,296
Sullivan Coal & Coke Co 9,959
The New River Co 9,753
Bailey-Wood Coal Co 9,607
New River Collieiies Co 9,527
The New River Co 8,500
Long Branch Coal Co 7,113
Pemberton Coal ii Ccke Co. Affinity 6,890
Tbe New River Co 5,621
5,164
4,289
4,163
ft « o qon
U,iJOO
3,283
Woodpeck Coai Co 1,450
.Mount Hope Coal & Coke Co 1,449
Price Hill Fuel Co 895
City Coal Co 200
Total 380,091
RUSSIAN COAL IMPORTS.
Coal imported into Russia during 1912 amounted
to 5,521,451 tons, valued at $23,240,920. Coke totaled
835,020 tons, with a value of $3,994,340. Compared
with 1911 tbe increase in the importation of
coal was 558,976 tons, or 11.25 per cent., and the
increase of coke was 63.807 tons, or 8.27 per cent.
The increases in the respective values were 36.67
and 29.53 per cent. Increase from England was
7.36 per cent, in quantity ancl 31.25 per cent, in
value. Coke from England decreased 18,630 tons,
or 13.67 per cent., but increased in value by 4.25
per cent. Coal imports from Germany increased
largely, amounting to 20.75 per cent, in quantity
ancl 47.73 per cent, in value. Coke from Germany
increased 11.73 per cent, in quantity anel 33.42 per
cent, in value. Austrian coal and coke also increased
in both these respects.

The mess house opened by the Lehigh Valley
Coal Co. at its Prospect colliery Jan. 16, has proved
so great a success that applications have already
been received by the company to establish such
houses at three of its other collieries. Officials of
the company report that from 75 to 100 men use
the house regularly. The mess house contains ,i
coat and locker room 20 by 26 feet, where clothes
may be left, a wash room 26 by 27 feet, with hot
and cold running water and enameled basins, and
a lavatory 8 by 26. The meeting and lunch room
is 26 by 56 feet, well lighted and heated, with
benches, tables and simple cooking conveniences.
The floors, walls and ceiling are of cement, so that
they may easily be kept clean and sanitary.
Charged with carelessly carrying open lights be­
yond the station where safety lamps are required,
Tony Sinchine, an employe at Yough coal mine
No. 2, at Boston, Pa., has been held for trial in
the Allegheny county court in the sum of $300 bail.
The prosecutor was C. P. Byrne, mine inspector for
the Twenty-second bituminous coal district.
William Paul, Samuel Berkley anel John Beltz,
the members of the Miners' Examinaning Board,
charged by the United Mine Workers' officials of
the Hazleton district with illegally issuing miners'
certificates, agieed to plead guilty in court at
Pottsville, Pa., April 19, pay all costs and resign
if further prosecution were dropped.
The state departmen; of mines of West Virginia
will hold examinations for mine foremen and fire
bosses at Grafton May 6 and 7, at Logan May 13
and 14, at Welch May 20 and 21, at Williamson
May 27 and 28, at Mt. Hope June 3 and 4, and at
Charleston May IS and 19.
The department of mines of West Virginia will
hold examinations for mine foreman and fireboss
certificates at Grafton, May 6 and 7; Logan, May
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
13 and 14; Welch, .May 20 and 21; Williamson, May
27 and 28; Mt. Hop", June 3 and 4; Charleston,
June IS ancl 1!'.
The Union Supply Co. has begun an advertising
campaign throughout the coke region with a viewto
inducing coke workers throughout the region
to raise poultry and produce for which it offers
either cash or trade at its 63 stores.
Local unions of the United Mine Workers in the
Pittsburgh district are passing resolutions urging
the delegates to the A. F. of L. State convention
to vote for the wiping out of the liquor traffic.
John Mitchell, former president of the United
Mine Workers, was appointed State Labor Commissioner
of New York by Governor Sulzer recently.
The salary is $8,000 per year.
It is said the H. C. Frick Coke Co. will eventually
equip all its plants with swimming pools and
gymnasiums, each having its instructor.
Organizers of the I'nited Mine Workers of
America are at work in Alabama, endeavoring to
revive the organization in that state.
A scarcity of miners is reported from Cambria
county, Pa.
Inspect New Property.
A trip of inspection to the Orient coke plant in
Fayette county and the Poland works which are
being built in Greene county was made by a party
Instruction similar to that afforded the first aid
composed of Messrs. B. L. Tice, former vice presi­
teams of Cambria county, Pa., will be given Westdent
of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., Julian Kennedy.
moreland county, Pa., miners in the near future
president of the Orient Coke Co., and his sons.
when an instructor from the United States Bureau
Julian, Jr., and J. W. Kennedy; R. C. Crawford,
of Mines station at Pittsburgh will take charge. I',
president and general manager of the Poland Coal
is likely that Mine Rescue Car No. 6 will be used
Co.; R. M. Fry, secretary of the Orient Coke Co.;
to make the demonstrations.
and G. B. Obey and D. K. Orr of the Monongahela
railroad during the fortnight. Work is progress­
The H. C. Frick Coke Co. is using a moving
ing nicely at the Poland works and they are warm­
picture machine to illustrate and teach its "Safety
ing up preparatory to firing 25 ovens. Coal is
First" campaign to its employes. Two reels of
being mined and they will probably ship some coal
moving pictures and 150 slides covering safety
while waiting on the construction of ovens, ft
ideas are being sho.cn by the company's experts
is the intention to iHilsh 100 ovens now ancl eventu­
at its different plants.
ally have 320 Mitchell type ovens.
The first anniversary of the Louisville Breaker.
Order Ko-Koal, was held recently at the Louisville
Hotel, with between 60 and 70 guests in attendance.
W. H. Bowser, of Bowser & Browning, presided
as toastmaster, and during the evening every
one present was forced to make a spech. Modoc
George T. Rider, president of the Seanlon Coal Co.,
made the principal address.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
COAL EXPORTS FROM UNITED STATES.
Coal exports from the United States in the cur­
rent fiscal year will approximate 90 million dol­
lars value against 60 million in 1909. These fig­
ures include the coal and coke exported to foreign
countries and the coal supplied to vessels engaged
in the foreign trade. Figures lor tlie nine months
ended with March, just compiled by the Statistical
division of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce. Department if Commerce, show anthra­
cite coal exported to foreign countries, 3,283,126
tons, valued at 418,031,093; bituminous coal, 11,
013,909 tons, valued at $27,908,998; coke. 619,941
tons, \alued at $2,3X4,439; and the coal supplied
to vessels in the foreign trade, 5,377,041 tons, val­
ued at $17,362,100. making a lotal for the nine
months of 20,000,000 tons, valued at $60,000,000,
and suggesting that the figures for the full fiscal
year will approximate $90,000,000 worth of coal
ancl coke passing out of the United States, against
$60,000,000 in 1909.
Canada is by far the largest purchaser of the
coal exported from tlie United States; practically
all of the anthracite caal passing out of tbe country
goes to Canada, while over $20,000,000 worth of
the $27,000,000 value of bituminous coal exported
during tbe current fiscal year also went to Canada.
Cuba, other West Indies, Panama and Mexico are,
in the order named, the next largest takers of bi­
tuminous coal.
The United States stands third in the list of coal
exporting nations, though clearly at the head of
the list of the world's coal producers. The coa!
production of the world now averages about 1,200,-
000.000 long tons per annum, of wdiich the United
States produces about 38 per cent.: the United
Kingdom, 21 per cent.; Germany, 20 per cent.;
Austria-Hungary, 4 per cent.; ancl France, 3 per
cent. The amount oi coal exported by the various
coal producing countries is about 170,000,000 tons
per annum, valued at approximately $500,000,000,
and of this 90.000.000 tons is exported from the
United Kingdom; 40,000,000 from eGrmany; 27,000,-
00O from the United States; 5,000,000 from Japan;
3.000,000 from Australia These figures include
the bunker coal supplied to vessels engaged in for­
eign trade.
The quantity of coal consumed by vessels en­
gaged in international commerce is about 55,000.-
000 tons per annum, valued at approximately $180,-
000,000. About thiee-fouiths of this is British
coal, 20.000,000 tons taken on board at ports of
the United Kingdom and approximately 25,000.000
at coaling stations in other parts of the world;
7,500.000 tons taken from the United States; 2.000,-
i'O0 from Japan; and 1,500,000 from Australia. If
to this $1,80,000,000 worth of coal consumed by ves­
sels engaged in international commerce were added
(hat utilized by vessels engaged in coast-wise trade
ancl by the consumption of the war vessels of the
world, the total valuation of the coal consumed on
the ocean would approximate $250,000,000 per an­
num, of which the United States now supplies but
about 12 per cent.
The number of persons engaged in the coal min­
ing industries of the world is about 3,000,000, of
which number about 1,000,000 are employed in
Ihe United Kingdom; 750,000 in the United States;
and over 500,000 in Germany. The average output
of coal per person employed in the United States
is a little over 0e0 tons; in the United Kingdom,
260 tons; Germany, 240 tons; France. 186 tons; and
Belgium. 164 tons per person.
Issues Neat Booklet.
The United Coal Co. of Pittsburgh, which operates
mines at Jerome and Boswell. Pa., is distributing
a neat booklet containing facts and figures about
tbe company's mines and a number of illustrations
to show that the towns are desirable places in
which to locate permanently. Cuts of the prin­
cipal buildings in the two towns, showing some fine
structures, are contained in the book. Figures are
given to show what good wages the men are earning.
Illustrations of the interior workings of
mines are also given to show that the operations
are a safe place to work in. Other cuts show
playgrounds, parades, a football team, bowling al­
leys, theaters, etc.. indicating that the employes
and their families are provided with amusement
and recreation. Cuts of churches and schools are
printed to indicate that education and religion are
not neglected.
Pass Mine Foreman Test.
Mine Inspector A. B. Lamb. Thirteenth Anthra­
cite District Miners' Examining Board, has announced
that the examination for mine foremen
had been passed by David E. Davis, Shem. R.
Evans. P. J. McManus. Samuel Yeager, Shenan­
doah, Pa., anel for assistant mine foremen, by
Roger Sherry, George Heffner, St. Nicholas; Jacob
L Keipe, Jacob Schwartz, Mahanoy City; P. H.
Cosgrove, William F. Shutz, Daniel Davis, Charles
Lewis, William Creedin, Matthew Casserly, Shen­
andoah: Robert C. Caton. Daniel Malloy. William
Penn; Martin Murphy, Lost Creek, all in Pennsylvania.
The school board of the city of Altoona. Pa.,
will receive proposals up to 5 p. m.. May 5, for fur­
nishing at least 2,500 tons of run-of-mine coal to
the schools of the city.

Mr. Edgar R, I.aney, aged forty-four, ol' Boswell.
Pa., well know n mine foreman employed by the
Consolidation Coal Co., at .Tenners, died at his
home April 15, alter a short illness with pneumonia.
Mr. Laney was popular with both his
employers and with the men who worked under
him and is well known throughout that section.
He went to Boswell from Brisbin, Pa., several
years ago. His wife and eight small children survive
him. He was well known in .Masonic circles.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
Mr. Thomas Laird, for many years general manager
of the Hecla coke works, now owned by the
H. C. Frick Coke Co., died April 17 at the home of
his daughter, .Mrs. H. Hurst in Sewickley, Pa.
CROWS NEST PASS COAL COMPANY
EARNINGS OVER $500,000.
The annual report of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal
Co.. presented at the annual meeting of the shareholders
held in the National Life building, Toronto,
Ont., Can.. April 15, showed that the company enjoyed
a very favorable year. The net profits from
the operation of the coal company were $471,454.16.
.Mr. E. H. Ellsworth, who *'or many years lived
This wiped out the deficit of $52,030.22 carried for­
at Phillipsburg, Pa., and was interested in many
ward from 1911 and left $419,423.94 to be carried
mining operations in Pennsylvania, died recently
forward at credit of profit ancl loss account. The
at his late residence in Asheville, N. C. For thir­
coal mined was 1,064,791 tons and the coke proteen
years he has been connected with tlie Ellsduced
245,229 tons.
worth-Duncan Coal Co. of Phillipsburg. and the
The profits of the Crow's Nest Pass Electric
Victor Coal & Coke Co., operating mines at Ar­
Light & Power Co. were $5,863.SI. which brought
cadia, One Mile Run and Munson, Pa.
the credit balance of profit and loss account up to
Mr. Jeremiah C. Nolan, a retired coal man. bet­
$6,998.54. The profits of tbe Morisey P'ernie and
ter known as "Jerry" Nolan, died of old age at his
.Michel railway, another subsidiary, sufficed to
residence. No. 1668 Farwell avenue, Chicago, re­
make up the deficit of $7,002.31 carried forward
cently. Mr. Nolan was born in County Tipperary,
from 1911 and to leave a credit balance of $25.-
Ireland. He is survived by three sons ancl two
078.49 at the end of fhe year.
daughters. One of bis sons, F. M. Nolan, is iden­
The total profits; for the year of all companies
tified with the Cross Creek Coal Co. in the Strauss
controlled were $509,398.77. The balance sheet
building.
showed the company had on hand on Dec. 31 securities
valued at $776,753.08, cash $113,702, accounts
Mr. George H. Love, of the Bessemer Coal & Coke leceivable $347,861.15 and coal and stores valued
Co., died at his home at Johnstown, Pa., April 15. at $153,577.01. Outstanding cheques, bills and ac­
He was about 70 years old and was very weil and counts payable amounted to $1,212,437.29. On ac­
popularly known to the coal trade generally. He count of the nine months' strike in the previous
leaves two sons, who are connected with the com­ year comparative figures were not illuminating.
pany. E. M. Love, wdio is secretary and treasurer,
anel Frank S. Love, who is general sales agent.
The Berwind-White Coal Mining Co. has made
Mr. Alexander Fulton, aged 83, one of the best an offer to inirchase the property and holdings of
known ancl wealthiest coal operators in the anthra­ the Jed Coal & Coke Co. for a consideration of
cite region, died at Shamokin, Pa., April 15. Dur­ $300,000, which offer D. J. F. Strother, receiver,
ing the early days of mining in that region he was will accept, subject to a confirmation of the court.
manager for John Jacob Astor, Franklin Delano The property is two miles from Welch, \V. Va.
and J. Langdon & Co. He came to the United Should the court confirm the said sale it is un­
States from Scotland in 1S4S.
derstood the Berwind-White Co. will expend something
like $200,000 on improvements. The prop­
Mr. William Welch, aged 56, one of the operators erty consists in part of a lease from the Pocahon­
of the Rock Run Coal Co. at Shawnee, O., was intas Coal & Coke Co. ancl the Bouvier-Iaeger Coal
stantly killed during the fortnight by a fall of slats Land Co., of 1,200 acres of coal. While the coal
in one of the rooms of his mine. He leaves a being mined is tbe No. 3 Pocahontas coal, it is
widow, four sons and three daughters.
overlaid by the No. 4 seam of Pocahontas coal,
about S5 feet above the seam being mined.
Mr. Alexander Fuiton, aged eighty-three years,
one of the best known and wealthiest coal opera­ The so-called "McDermott" bill prohibiting the
tors in the anthracite region, died at Shamokin, use of electricity in bituminous mines of the state,
Pa., April 15. He came to the United States from was definitely killed by the Pennsylvania House
Scotland in 1S48.
of Representatives April 24.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
FEDERAL COAL MINES INSPECTION BILL.
Federal inspection and regulation of coal mines
is the subject of a bill just introduced into the
United States Senate by Senator Works of Califor­
nia. Of course, it applies to those mines only
which produce coal transported to, used or sold
in more than one state, that is, those engaged in
an interstate commerce in coal, but such mines
comprise the principal part of the mining industry.
The bill authorizes the Secretary ot the luteiior
to make and enforce such rules, regulations and re­
quirements as are necessary for the protection of
the lives ancl health of the persons employed in or
about the mines, ancl "to determine what safety
devices and appliances are necessary and proper
to be used for such purposes, and to enforce and
compel their use." He is further to ascertain
from time to time what are the most modern meth­
ods of managing, operating and ventilating mine-.
ancl the most approved and efficient devices and
safety appliances for such management and for
the protection of life, and to send inspectors into
the mines, and tor failure to afford the inspectors
proper facilities for inspection the owners aie
liable to a fine of $5.Out) ancl six months' imprison­
ment. The- same penalties may he imposed for
the refusal or failure to comply with tlie secre­
tary's orders respecting the management or opera­
tion of mines or the use or disuse of any safety
devices or appliances approved or disapproved by
the secretary, ancl the latter may in his discretion
close the mine until the orders are complied with.
While the secretary may co-operate or act in con­
junction with any state mining bureau, or any
state officer authorized to govern or regulate the
operation of mines, it is somewhat singular that
the bill makes no reference whatever to the Uni­
ted States Bureau of Mines, but contemplates and
appropriates for the establishment of another
bureau.
DEATH RATE IN COAL MINES
SHOWS DECIDED DECREASE IN 1912.
The coal mine accidents occurring in the Uni­
ted States during the year 1912 have been com­
piled by ihe United States Bureau of Mines under
the direction of Frederick W. Horton. The pub­
lication which is now ready for distribution gives
a resume of tlie accidents from 1896 to 1912 inclu­
sive with monthly statistics for the year 1912.
Mr. Horton in reviewing the year says: "Dur­
ing the calendar year 1912 there were 2,360 men
killed in and about the coal mines of tbe United
States. Based on an output of 550,000,000 short
tons of coal produced by 750,000 men, the death
rate per 1,000 employed was 3.15 and the number
of men killed for every 1,000,000 tons of coa!
mined was 4.29. Tbe number of men killed wa_-
t he least since 1906. the death rate per 1,000 em­
ployed was the smallest since 1899, the death rate
per 1,000 000 tons of coal mined was the lowest,
and the number ot ions of coal produced in pro
portion to the number of men killed was the great­
est on record. These facts offer indisputable evi­
dence that conditions tending toward safety in
coal mining are actually improving and that coal
is now Iieing mined with less danger to the miner
than ever before. The genera! improvement in
1912 as compared with 1911 is shown bv the fol­
lowing facts:
"In 1912 the number of men killed in the coal
mines of the United States was 359 less than in
1911—2.360 as compared with 2,719—a decrease of
13.2 per cent., and this in spite of the fact that
ihere were more men employed in the mines and
more coal mined than in any previous year.
"The deatli rate per 1,000 men employed in 1912
was 3.15, as against 3.73 in the previous year, a
decrease of 15.5 per cent.
"During 1912 for every 1.000.000 tons of coal
mined 4.29 men were killed, as compared yvith
5.48 men in 1911, a decrease of 21.7 per cent.
"There were 233.000 tons of coal mined for each
man killed in 1912. as compared with 183,000 tons
in 1911, an increase of 50.000 tons, or 27.3 per cent.
"Although the improvement in 1912 was greater
than in any previous year for which accurate sta­
tistics are available, partly due. perhaps, to ex­
ceptionally mild weather during the last few
months of the year decreasing the likelihood of
disastrous coal dust explosions, there has been an
annual improvement for a number of years, as in­
dicated by the accompanying table:
Number of men killed in and about the coal mines
of the United States in the calendar years
Years.
1907
190S
1909
1910
Bill
1912
1907 to 1912. inclusive, with death rates.
Total.
3.197
2,449
2,668
2.S40
2,719
2,360
Number killed.
Per Per 1,000.000 Production
1.000 em - short tons per death
ployed.
4.SS
3.04
4.00
3.92
3.73
3.15
mined.
6.93
6.05
5.79
5.66
5.48
4.29
short tons.
144,000
165.000
173,000
177,000
183.000
233.000
"It yvill be noted from the foregoing table that
the death rate per 1,000,000 tons of coal mined
has decreased annually, that the production per
death has increased each year since 1907, and that
tbe death rate per 1.000 men employed has steadily
decreased during the last four years.

"This general improvement has been brought
about by a combination of causes, the principal
one of which has been more efficient and effective
mine inspection on the part of the state mining
departments and state mine inspectors throughout
the country, supplemented by greater care on
the part of both the operators and the miners.
The investigative and educational work of the
Bureau of Mines has kept both the operator and
the miner alive to the various dangers connected
yvith coal mining ancl has shown what precautions
should be taken to avoid these clangers. The
bureau is therefore gratified yvith the improvement
shown, particularly as the greatest improvement
relates to dangers concerning which the
bureau has been conducting special investigations,
as is shown later. The bureau, however, ean not
too strongly express its appreciation of the cooperation
of the state mining officials and the
operators in the work of making coal mining
safer.
"Although there has been an annual improvement
in mine safety conditions since 1907. and a
particularly notable one in 1912, a still greater
decrease in the death rate can be effected.
Whether or not such an improvement will be
made in 1913 depends largely on the care exercised
by the operators, superintendents, foremen,
and all others in authority, and by the miners as
well, to prevent the rise of dangerous conditions
and to avoid unnecessary risks when such conditions
have arisen."
Copies of this report, Technical Paper 48, may be
obtained by addressing the Director, Bureau of
Mines, Washington, D. C.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS IN
THE ANTHRACITE FIELDS.
Data gathered in regard to the mining institutes
and vocational schools in the anthracite region
of Pennsylvania shoyvs that the season just
dravcing to a close has been the most successful
in the history of the region. The largest number
of applicants. 175, ever assembled to take examinations
for the positions of mine foreman or assistant
mine foreman were in session at Pottsville
recently.
The mining institutes have been described as
partaking of the nature of a lecture course and
an old time debating society with all of the merits
and none of the defects of each. Institutes
were held this season at Wilkes-Barre, Scranton,
Pittston, Lansford, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Shamokin,
Mt. Carmel and Carbondale. Their expenses
were guaranteed by the Susquehanna, the Delayvare,
Lackawanna & Western and the Lehigh Valley
Coal Cos.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
Progress has been shown in the time which has
been devoted to the institutes this year. In former
years they lasted two or ihree months. This
year they have lasted four, and some of them six
months. Another gratifying sign has been the
number of able papers on specified mining problems
which have been handed in by the mine workers.
The attendance has ranged in the hundreds,
and each institute has held an annual banquet in
addition to the lecture course.
Of even more importance than the mining institutes
are the vocational schools fostered by the
companies. These enable ambitious miners to
realize their ambitions to perfect themselves in
their work and rise to higher positions. Tlie Susquehanna
Coal Co. conducts 33 classes at its various
collieries from three to five nights a yveek. It
is largely clue to the enterprise of this company
that a bill to appropriate $250,000 for establishing
and maintaining' vocational schools throughout
the state of Pennsylvania is now before the
legislature.
The Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co.
maintains schools at Mahanoy City, Shenandoah,
Minersville and in Pottsville. These vary in their
number of classes and curricula, that at Pottsville
having the most advanced courses. The schools
of the Lehigh Valley Coal Co. are at Lost Creek
ancl Centralia. These have been running for several
years. The courses in all these schools are
not uniform, but they cover in a general yvay the
subjects of mine gases, mine ventilation, mine law,
mine surveying, electricity and magnetism, mechanics,
air compression ancl general instruction
in regard to timbering, trackyvork, hoisting, haulage,
pumping, drainage, steam ancl steam boilers,
and tbe preparation of anfhracite.
In addition to these schools maintained by the
operators the Y. M. C. A. conducts mining schools
at Scranton, Pittston, Wilkes-Barre and Hazleton.
The Pennsylvania Coal Co. and the Hillside Coal
& Iron Co. contributed $10,000 to this enterprise
of the Y. M. C. A. as far back as 1910.
It is not generally understood there are nearly
a hundred different positions in and about the
mines for which special training is not only advisable
but often indispensable. Former experience
has shown that groyvn men hate to show their
ignorance and enter elementary classes along with
children, and so the present method is to have the
classes at night for men only. It has been found
the best practice to conduct these classes only three
nights a yveek as the men have far to come and
have to do their studying at home, but in someplaces
the miners insist upon having the classes
five nights a week. The operators are welcoming
this ayvakening of the mine workers to their opportunities
and the possibilities for advancement

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
which are offered them, as they believe that it
makes for better citizenship, more efficient work
and more contented labor.
SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES FOR PENN­
SYLVANIA FOREMEN'S CERTIFICATE.
J'he Thirteenth Anthracite district miners' ex­
amining board, comprising A. B. Lamb, mine in
spec-tor: E. A. VanHorn, superintendent, and
George H. Young ancl George W. Kellar, made
known the successful candidates tor mine fore­
men and assistant mine foremen certificates in tlie
recent examinations. Those who qualified for
certificates follow: Mine foremen—David E. Davis,
Shem R. Evans. P. J. McManus and Samuel Yeager,
of Shenandoah; Assistant Mine Foremen—
Roger Sherry, St. Nicholas; Jacob L. Keipe, Ma
hanoy City; P. H. Cosgrove, William F. Schutz,
Shenandoah; Robert C. Caton. Win. Fenn; Daniel
Davis, Charles Lewis, Shenandoah; .Maitin Murphy,
Lost Creek; Daniel Malloy, Wm. Penn: William
Creeden. Matthew Casserly. Shenandoah; George
Heffner, St. Nicholas; Jacob Schwartz, Mahanoy
City.
The following is a list ot the successful candi­
dates for mine foremen and assistant mine foremen
in the Twelfth Anthracite' district, ot which P. C.
Fenton is tbe mine inspector. Foremen—David
Lloyd and John Walton, Mahanoy City; Assistant
Mine Foremen—Patrick Whalen. Shenandoah;
Jacob Wentz. Mabanoy City; Irvin Brown. St.
Nicholas: Joseph Wbalcn, George Stern, Thomas
Mattheyvs. .Mabanoy City: P. S. Wolfe. William
Becker. P. H. Devine, Wm. Penn.
Tbe candidates for office in the First district of
tlie United .Mine Workers (anthracite field) include:
President—John T. Dempsey. Scranton.
Thomas Davis, Nanticoke: Thomas J. Morris. Edwardsville.
Vice president—John Yanis, Wilkes-
Barre: Joseph J. Kajawski. North Scranton; Frank
Kurofski, Noith Scranton; Joseph Koiback, Dick­
son City; Peter Dajnowski, Plymouth: John Sheba,
Nanticoke; John J. Dworchak, Plymouth; Adama
Ryscavage, Plymouth; John Badwak, Mayfield.
Secretary-treasurer—John M. Mack, Kingston; Ar­
thur E. Jones, Throop; John Hermanson, Alden;
Robert Donovan, Scranton. Board member, First
inspection district—Stephen Reap, Olyphant; David
Thomas, Scranton. Board member, Second in­
spection district—M. H. Healey, West Scranton:
David Fowler, West Scranton. Board member,
Third inspection district—D. L. McCue. Pittston;
M. J. Dooley. Plains. Board member. Fouith in­
spection district—Peter O'Donnell, Wilkes-Barre;
Thomas Holton, Wilkes-Barre; John R. Ste\ r ens,
Glen Lyon: Patrick Langan, Wilkes-Barre.
Mine Inspector J. A. O'Donnell of the Fourteenth
Anthracite distiict has announced the names of
those who successfully passed the recent examina­
tion. Those who have been granted foreman cer­
tificates are: Frank Pollaid. John J. Panko, John
J. Doyle, Jos. Vai'aworth. M. T. Chapman, Wm. H.
Motter, Centralia; Wm. F. Blov>ert, Mahanoy
Plane: John P. Rude, Shenandoah. Assistant
mine foreman certificates—John Hanna, Patrick
Whalen. Edw. J. Conners, Shenandoah; John Cole­
man, Charles Witmayer, Girardville: John Mc­
Laughlin, Connorton: M. J. Ryan, Luke Hoar, Lost
Creek: Anthony McGinley, Jos. E. Koch. Geo. S.
Wills, Centralia.
BULLETIN OF BUREAU OF MINES DEALS
WITH SELECTION OF EXPLOSIVES.
The United States Bureau of Mines has just
published Bulletin 4S The Selection of Explosives
used in Engineering and Mining Operations by
Clarence Ha!l and Spencer P. Howell. It deals
with the characteristic features of the principal
explosives used in engineering and mining opera­
tions, and especially yvith the tests that show the
suitability of different classes of explosives for
various kinds of work. The bulletin is published
as one of a series dealing with tests of explosives
and methods of reducing the risks involved in the
use of explosives in mining yvork.
In large engineering projects ancl in mining-
operations requiring the use of explosives the se­
lection of a suitable explosive from the many va­
rieties offered for sale is of fundamental import­
ance. The various considerations involved in the
selection of the proper class of explosive for the
blasting to be clone are given. Many explosives
suitable for quarry work have been pi oven unsuit­
able for use in deep mines or in close workings.
In metal mining ancl in driving tunnels the char­
acter of the gases evolved by the explosive on
detonation is an important consideration. An
explosive- for use in gaseous or dusty coal mines
must be formulated and compounded so that its
flame temperature and the height and duration of
its flame are reduced enough to permit its being
used with comparative safety. In wet workings
or in submarine blasting explosives impervious to
moisture are requisite. In extremely cold cli­
mates explosives that do not require thayving are
desirable, provided they are equally good in other
respects. An essential requirement of all explo­
sives, especially of those for use in tropical coun­
tries, is that they shall remain stable without
change in chemical or physical characteristics.
Because of the varying conditions in the differ­
ent projects on which explosives are used, the fact
is emphasized that some characteristics of explo­
sives are of much importance in certain classes

of yvork and of little or no importance in others.
As practically every class and every grade of commercial
explosive is used in open-ail work to meet
varying conditions, the authors indicate the
method of manufacture', give typical composition
of, and state the use to which each of the following
explosives is best adapted: black blasting poyvcler,
granulated nitroglycerin powder, "straight"
nitroglycerin dynamite, low-freezing dynamite.
ammonia dynamite, and gelatin dynamite.
Black blasting powder is stated to be best suited
for work in which a gradual pushing or heaving
effect is desired, such as excavating cuts, quarrying
soft rock or stone, and especially in quarries
yvhere large blocks ol building stone are sought.
and in order to obtain the maximum efficiency the
charge must be well confined by suitable stemming.
Granulated nitroglycerin powder is more effective
ancl gives better results than black blasting powde' -
in soft and seamy rock or in material that does
not sufficiently confine the gases evolved.
"Straight" nitroglycerin dynamites, as a class.
develop greater disruptive force than any of the
other commercial c lasses of explosives tested, and
for this reason they should be used for producing
shattering effects or for blasting very tough or
hard materials whenever the conditions permit.
If the "straight" nitroglycerin dynamites arc
found to be too violent for certain classes of yvork,
the low-freezing dynamites or the ammonia dynamites,
which have lower rates of detonation and
hence less disruptive effect, are recommended.
The low-freezing dynamites have the advantage
of not freezing until exposed to a temperature of
35 degrees Fahrenheit or less, but, like all nitroglycerin
explosives, after they become frozen they
must be thawed before use in order to insure the
most effective results. As the ammonium nitrate
used in ammonia dynamite is deliquescent, this
class of explosive absorbs moisture more readily
than other dynamites, therefore it is emphasized
that care should be observed when storing this
class of explosives in yvet or damp places. The
gelatin dynamites have been used to a large extent
in wet blasting, such as in the removal of obstacles
to navigation and in deep workings, and, as a general
rule, they are best suited foi these purposes.
The product of combustion of explosives used
in closed yvork is said to be of vast importance
because in such work large quantities of explosives
are generally used and they may produce dangerous
quantities of poisonous gases on explosion.
The gelatin dynamite on detonation produces the
smallest percentage of poisonous gases, but it is
pointed out that this class of explosive is far from
being satisfactory in this lespect. The bureau
had a special gelatin dynamite made which, on detonation,
produced no poisonous gases, and it is
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
believed that this illustration of the possibility
of iiroducing a gelatin dynamite that yviil not
evolve poisonous gases on detonation yvill result
in its being commercially manufactured.
This special gelatin dynamite was tested at the
Pittsburgh testing station of the bureau, in a limestone
mine at West Winfield, Pa., and in a zinc
mine at Franklin Furnace, N. J., the detailed results
of which are reported in bulletin 48.
The bulletin points out dangers arising from
the burning of high explosives by showing the
great increase in the percentage of poisonous gases
evolved.
The authors describe the method of blasting
followed at Lock No. 1. Monongahela river, as an
example of submarine operations, giving the difficulties
encountered, showing the causes of misfires,
and the methods used for overcoming these
difficulties. The tests incident thereto showed
that variation in the cross-sectional area of the
bridge of an electric detonator was an important
iactor in its failure to explode when in series with
other electric detonators.
The bulletin closes with a table showing the
relative potential energy, disruptive effect which
bears a close relation to the percussive or shattering
force of explosives, and propulsive effect which
corresponds to the pushing or heaving force of
mine explosives of different classes and grades.
Copies of this bulletin may be obtained by applying
to the Director, Bureau of Mines. Washington,
D. C.
ORE IS STARTED.
The first trainloads of the ore that will go forward
until 50,000,000 or more gross tons have been
delivered at the great piers on the water from at
upper lake ports have been dispatched and have
been dumped into the pockets of the docks, later
to be transferred into the hulls of the bulk carriers.
As usual of late years, the first ore sent
out has come from tbe Mesabi range. The initial
shipments have gone out over the Great Northern
railroad, which will handle upwards of 17.000,000
tons this season. The transportation facilities on
the iron ranges were never in better shape. There
is more and better equipment and more double
trackage than ever. The United States Steel Corporation's
Duluth & Iron Range road, for instance.
is about to receive a thousand new steel cars and
ten additional locomotives. The same big company's
Duluth, Missabe & Northern line lias in
service or in readiness no less than 150 engines.
all of which had been thoroughly overhauled during
the winter. Every road is prepared to handle
its full quota of the season's traffic.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
FIRST AID WORK*
By White L. Moss, Vice President and Gcner.nl Manager of the Continental Coal Corporation. PineTille. Ky.
It is my earnest desire in reading this paper on
First Aid. to interest if possible the other coal
mining companies of Kentucky in First Aid to the
Injured; so far as I know there is only one other
company in the state having First Aid teams, thai
company being the Stearns Coal & Lumber Co., of
Stearns, Ky.
It has only been a short time ago in the mines
of the Continental Coal Corporation, ancl is still
being practiced by a large majority of the other
coal mining plants of Kentucky yvith which I am
familiar, for ihe injured inner to be dragged out
of the mine, rolled up in brattice cloth or some
dirty clothes, his injured parts covered yvith dirty
handkershiefs or any other old piece of cloth available,
and if there were any cuts or bruises they
were frequently plastered yvith tresh quids of
chewing tobacco. Very frequently some of the
cuts severed an artery, in which event the man
often bled to deatli before the doctor could lie
gotten into the mine. No special care was given
broken bones, ancl generally their first thought
yvas to give the injured man a big drink of whiskey;
the last named article given with a view of
casing his pain until the mine physician arrived.
With us, conditions are entirely different now.
We have at the present time 70 men out of the
1.800 on our pay roll who have been given diplomas
for being proficient in First Aid yvork. Each
one of these men is furnished with a pocket First
Aid outfit which he is supposed to keep with him
in the mine at all times. Large First Aid outfits
called "Industrial" are kept at all of the mines,
generally at. a point near the portal, and up to
date stretchers are kept outside and inside of the
mines so that now, no matter in what part of the
mine, inside or outside, there are trained men
who can properly take care of the man who is
injured, until the arrival of the doctor. Immediately
after he is gotten outside and the mine
physician has laken charge of him. he is conveyed
by special train when necessary, by regular train
otherwise, to our hospital at Pineville, where he
may be properly looked after at all times. A
Utile later f will tell you of some work performed
by the members of our First Aid teams.
The United States Bureau of Mines is entitled
to the credit for the beginning of First Aid work
in Southeastern Kentucky. In the spring of
1911 the Bureau of Mines sent one of their mine
rescue cars into the eoal fields of Southeastern
Kentucky for the purpose of teaching the use of
*Paper read at the Mid-Winter Session of the Kentucky
Mining Institute. Dec. 9, 1912, at Lexington, Ky,
the helmet and other mine rescue apparatus and
giving instructions in First Aid to the Injured.
While the miners in this section were very much
interested in the mine rescue apparatus, they were
doubly interested in the instructions and demonstrations
of First Aid Work. After the mine
rescue car leit this district, yve began, through
cur physician, tbe organization of classes at
each mine and yvith the physician as instructor,
began earnestly to push the work. The necessary
books of instruction and First Aid outfits were
obtained from the Red Cross Society at Washington,
and upon the organization of these classes the
announcement was made that the company would
issue diplomas to those completing the course and
taking part in the contest to be held at a later
date, at which contest prizes of gold and medals
would be offered for the team making the best
average. This contest was held a little later in
Pineville, Ky., and over 3,000 people attended
same. J. W. Paul of the Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh;
J. N. McCormick, Secretary of State Board
of Health. Bowling Green, ancl Dr. J. S. Lock, State-
Sanitary Inspector. Barbourviile, acting as judges.
The contests performed were as follows:
Event No. i. Man unconscious from gas or
electric shock.—Remove from wire; perform artificial
respiration for one minute.
Event No. 2. Small injuries.—Dress wound of
right temple. Diess wound en back of left hand.
Apply torniquet for severe hemorrhage of left leg
below knee and arm.
Event No. 3. Compound fractal e beloyv elbow
of right arm.—Control bleeding; dress wound;
apply splints; dress complete.
Event No. 4. Man injured; small fracture of
left leg below knee.—Apply splints; make stretcher
of two coats and two mine drills; place injured
man on stretcher and carry 50 feet
The following penalties yvere decided upon:
Improper control of team 15%
Failure to reduce shock 15%
Failure to observe aseptic precautions 5%
Failure to stop bleeding 15',;,
Appearance of team 5%
Improper sequence in rendering First Aid... 10%
Careless handling of broken bones 15%
Time 5%
Failure of rescuer to protect himself 5%
Improper application of splints 10%
At this point let me state that it is our intention
in tbe- future to folloyv as nearly as it is possible
the rules and discounts adopted at the National
First Aid Conference held in Pittsburgh by

the Bureau of Mines last October. I understand
that the complete proceedings of the meeting will
be published as a bulletin by the Bureau of Mines,
and every operator that expects to enter a First
Aid team in our contest should obtain a copy of
Mines, Washington.
The yvork pei formed by our First Aid men was
warmly praised by the judges, but the paople who
were the most surprised and gratified were the
doctors not connected with the Coal Company;
and at this point let me impress upon the physicians
the fact that First Aid does not in any waytake
the place of the physician, but is only for
the purpose ol' properly taking care of the injured
man until the arrival of the mine physician,
and the proper handling of the injured man until
the arrival of the physician is in a great many
cases of paramount importance to the doctor in
saving the man's life.
Conditions around mines are about the sama
generally, and there are no mines where accidents
do not occur. The Continental Coal Corporation
has saved in the past 12 months twenty-five times
the amount invested and spent in First Aid work.
and incidentally, increased the respect of the employes
for the company.
Let me give you a fev,' examples of the yvay
injured men are handled where First Aid is practiced
and where it is not.
No. 1. A miner went back too soon after he
had fired a shot in his entry. His helper who
came in a short time afterwards found him lying
across the track unconscious. A driver who yvas
close by and a miner, both of .vhom were members
of the First Aid team at the mine, carried
him to a side track and performed artificial respiration
for about six minute- 1 -, after which the
injured man walked to his home without assistance.
No. 2. A laborer ditching in the mine forgot
about the electric wire over his head, ancl raising
up. he yvas knocked unconscious. This man was
under ground about 5,000 feet, and it was found
out later that the mine physician had been called
to the country about tln-ee miles away, and could
not have been recalled under one hour. The
foreman and a motor man, both members of the
First Aid team, carried the man to a side track
and gave him artificial respiration for about five
minutes, and the injured man yvas able tc walk
home alone.
No. 3. A track man stepped to one side to allow
a loaded trip to pass yvhen one of the cars wrecked,
catching his leg betyveen the end of the car and
the side of the entry, breaking the bone. He
was properly attended to by tlie mine foreman and
a miner, both members of the First Aid team, who
reduced the fracture and applied regular dressing.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 46
The pain was immediately relieved and be yvas
removed to the hospital three miles distant. This
happened a short time ago ancl attracted so much
attention on account of the good yvork done that
cue of our leading surgeons wrote me date of
November 29, as follows:
"A short time ago Mr of Cary
mine sustained a fracture below the knee. A
First Aid man put on the First Aid dressings,
which relieved the pain at once, and he was removed
to the Continental Miners' Hospital yvhere
Dr. Haston and myself attended to him. It yvas
indeed a great reliet to the injured man. and I
want to tell you that we bated to remove the
splints, it was such a good job I yvas sure you
would like to know about this nice piece of First
Aid work.
"Respectfully,
"B. E. GIAXI.NXA, Mine Surgeon."
I have quoted from the doctor's letter to shoyv
the character of work done by First Aid men as
viewed by the mine doctor, ancl incidentally to
show that it is of great assistance to the mine
physician to have such help at each mine, and of
untold benefit to the injured man.
No. 4. A miner heard the slate beginning to
fall above him and jumped from under it. but not
in time to prevent a sharp corner from striking
him in tbe left temple, cutting the artery at that
point. He was under ground 3,000 feet, and the
doctor's office, about a mile from the mine. He
was attended to promptly by one of the members
of the First Aid team and the necessary dressings
applied. He yvas able to walk home alone, none
the worse for the accident outside of the loss of a
little blood, and did not realize his danger until
the mine physician told him some time later that
imt foi' the application of First Aid dressing he
would have bled to death before the doctor could
have gotten to him.
The other side: Recently at one of tlie mines
in this section an 18-year old boy ha 1 his arm
mashed between the motor and cars. If any
First Aid man had been present, in 01 around the
mines, this boy's life could have been saved. As
it was, before the doctor could get up the mountain
and into the mine he had lost so much blood
that he died the following morning.
It does not take a smart man in U is day and
time to know that his company is making money
in saving the lives of its employes. This is a
progressive period and Kentucky must keep step
in tbe procession in not only up-to-date machinery
and the like, but also yvith the modern idea
that a laborer is due more than mere wages. First
Aid is one of the piogressive ideas, and while it
has been used to a large extent in the eastern C( a!
fields of the United States and to some extent in

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the western coal fields, piincii ally Colorado, it
aas not been used in Kentucky, but it is to be
hoped that the coal mining companies in the state
will begin this work and push it in connection
with th i other things, tending to make their employes'
lives better physically, mentally and morally.
Tlie operator who furnishes fiist class
houses and sanitary conditions in which to live.
good schools and churches, will get the best class
of labor and the highest efficiency per man. Our
company by doing these things, yvas aide to increase
its tonnage 20 per c?nt. over the tonnage
of the mines under indivicl lal managements with
practically the same number of men. in the iscal
year just ended.
The Western Kentucky Operators' Association
elected officers in annual session at Louisville, Ky.,
April 1(>. D. Stewart Miller of Owensboro, secretary,
stated that since the flood work in the Western
Kentucky fields had been cut down greatly
and that trouble yvas augmented by labor conditions
on the Illinois Central. However, he said,
conditions are rapidly regaining normal proportions.
The officei s elected yvere as follows: President.
F. P. Wright of Bevier; vice president, C. XV.
Taplor of Greenville: secretary and treasurer, D.
Stewart Miller of Owensboro. The new executive
committee is composed of the three officers anel
S. A. Yorks of Central City. H. L. Tucker of Rockport.
E. W. Holt of Central City, J. W. Bastin of
Nelson and C. N. Martin of Greenville
The United States District Court at Lynchburg,
Va., has entered a decree in the suits of Thomas
T. Boswell, of Baltimore, against the Big Vein
Pocahontas Coal Co. and the Colonial Trust Co.,
of Baltimore, in which the property of the defendant
coal company in southwestern Virginia is
ordered to lie sold. The defendant company had
claimed the property did not measure up to claims
originally made for it. Th» trust company lien
of $275,000 is held valid by the decree. The court
reduces the purchase or lease price for the mine?.
from $200,000 to $121,113.79. and declared void
three notes of Boswell of $50.0)9 each, made payable
to a Mrs. Browning, ancl ordering these returned
to the court. This leaves a balance due
on the purchase of $4,258.20.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has leased for a long
term from the estates of Alexander and Thomas
Jones the riparian rights cm the Monongahela
river long known as Jones' Landing, comprising
500 feet along the harbor line on the south side
of the river almost opposite Ferry street, Pittsburgh.
These riparian rights have been vested
in the Jones family for many years ancl wharfage
has ahvays been charged all river craft that
moored or anchored along the SCO-foot strip. The
coal company by leasing the strip will save money
on wharfage ancl will have exclusive control of
that much of the river front.
A meeting ot the eastern division of the National
Commissary Managers' association yvill be
held at Lynchburg, Va., May 21 and 22, and tbe
annua! convention yvill be held in St. Louis, Aug.
19, 20 ancl 21. Ihe organization is composed of
managers of company stores in all parts of the
country, some of the best examples of this type
of institution being found in the coal fields.
Upon petition of F. W. Cunningham, inspector
of the Twenty-first bituminous coal district of Pennsylvania,
the Washington county, Pa., court has
appointed F. W. Cunningham of Charleroi, a mine
inspector; John Stephenson, a miner of 10 years'
experience, and Harry C. Drum, a superintendent,
members of the examining board of the Tyventyfirst
district.
Michael Sekalik. of Lansford, vice president of
the United Mine Workers of sub-district No. 1,
which includes the Panther Creek Valley, Pa., and
who was admitted to the Panther Creek Valley
hospital on March 25 suffering with Bright's disease,
died at that institution April 22.
The fan horse at the Hiawatha Coal Co.'s mine
near "52 cut" was completely destroyed by fire
April 22. The origin of the fire is not known.
The building yvas a frame structure 24x14 feet and
contained very valuable machinery. The loss is
estimated at $2,500 or $3,000.
By an opinion handed down in the case of John
W. Peal, of New York, against the Marian Coal Co.,
the United States Circuit Court of Appeals at
Scranton, Pa., has sustained the judgment of $34,-
533.94, with interest from January 1, 1912, given
against the company.
It is reported thftt the Sewickley vein of coal
has been found in North Versailles township. Allegheny
county. Pa., about SO feet above the Pittsburgh
seam.
The Wabamun Coal Co., Edmonton, Alberta,
Can., H. E. Coll, general maanger. yvill open a
tract of G40 acres of coal near Edmonton.
Ten additional mine inspectors are provided for
the anthracite coal fields by a bill passed by the
House of Representatives of Pennsylvania.
Wabash Coal Co. of Carnegie has sold 2.200 acres
of coal south of Burgettstown, Pa., to John A. Bell
for $400,000.

Governor Hadley Forces Finish of West Virginia
Strike.
(C'OMTXVED FROM PAGE 24)
departments of the University and from other universities
throughout the country indicating where
the people have lost thousands and thousands of
dollars on account of mismeasiirements and misweights
to whic-h they have been subjected in the
purchase of products tor family consumption, all
for the want of proper supervision or a supervising
head of weights and measures'.
The contention of the coal operators is that the
United Mine Workers of America is an organization
inimical to the best interests of tlie coal industry
of West Virginia, and unlawful on account
of being in restiaint of trade and f"om tlie fact
that there is an agreement between the coal operators
of Pennsylvania. Ohio, Illinois and Indiana,
and the United Mine Workers of America—the
states mentioned being competitors of the coal
producers of our own state. As to tbe truth of
this declaration it is not for me to decide. The
ease of the Hitchman Coal & Coke Co. vs. John
Mitchell and others, tried by Judge Dayton of the
Federal court of the northern district of West
Virginia, furnishes some interesting information
that it is claimed would tend to bear out the statement
made by the operates relative to this matter.
The following is a quotation from a statement
given me by a coal
OPERATOR IX THE KANAWHA
coal field north of the Kanavrha river which operators
are under the union scale:
"The present strike is due to a violation of thecontract
made between the United Mine Workers
ancl certain coal operatois. wherein the United
Mine Workers assured the operators that if they
would sign up the scale, no burden would be placerl
upon those signing the scale that would prevent
them from competing with the non-union mines in
the local fields, guaranteeing to protect and give
them a scale that would be so modified that they
yvould be left in a position to cope yvith the nonunion
mines in every particular.
"The present strike yvas brought about by a violation
of the above mentioned promises on the
part of the miners. The operators of Paint Creek
last spring were a part of the union operators'
organization, and they broke away from the organization
and refused to sign up, the result of
the miners demanding additional pay for their
yvork when the operators on Paint Creek had been
losing money every year for eight years ancl were
then paying the miners much more than was paid
in non-union fields."
I was info?med by those In control and supervising
the Paint Creek mines: that it yvas not a
matter of recognizing the union ^hat they were
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
resenting by refusing to sign up, but that it yvas
due to the fact that the scale asked for by the
United Mine Workers was excessive, and that the
operators could not continue their mines under
such a scale owing to the lac! that they had been
annually losing money for a good number of years
pas;.
Again, I have another quotation from an operator
located in the union fields noith of the Kanawha,
river, stating that the miners' officials agreed
most solemnly yvith the operators signing up yvith
them that they would make no more favorable contracts
yvith any other operators in this district,
imt violated the agreement by making a much
MOKE F.yyor.Aiu.i-: COMK.WT
yvith the Four States Coal Co., at Dorothy, on
Coal river.
Further quotation from union operator:
"It is an unfair and unreasonable proposition
for the United Mine Workers to attempt to forceunion
contracts, higher wages, rules and conditions
which increase the cost of eoal, upon the
operators in a limited section of the state unless
the same and like conditions obtain over the entire
state, for this necessarily results in the operators
working union contracts being unable to take
competitive business without losing money."
Further quotation:
"There can lie no community of interests between
the miners ancl operators of West Virginia
and the United Mine Workers for the reason that
their interests are directly opposed to each other.
West Virginia coal, to be marketed, must pass
through and take the business of the coal operators
and miners of the states west of the Ohio
river, the great bulk of the United Mine Workers'
membership being outside of the state of West
Virginia and in the territory which conies absolutely
in competition witli West Virginia eoal."
This operator further charges that previous to
signing up with the union he was able to pay the
stockholders annual dividends of 12 or 15 per
cent, during that period yvhen no miners' organization
existed there, and was enabled to increase
the pay of his employes twice in four years. He
further states that dining the past eight years
under union conditions, and under a contract witli
the United Mine Workers, he has operated a newer
ancl more modern plant on the same creek, in the
same seam of c-oal ancl .vith better conditons, but
his company has not paid one dollar of dividends
during the entire eight, years ot the new plant's
existence. He further states that with but three
exceptions the conditions prevail throughout the
union districts in the Kanawha field.
Mr. John P. White, president of the United Mine
Workers, in his letter to me relative to the strike
situation, makes the following statement, in part:

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"The miners are engaged in this struggle to
BETTER THEIR CONDITIONS
of employment and to try to secure that which is
conceded them under the laws of the state of West
Virginia—the right to belong to a labor organization
without •discrimination; the semi-monthly
payday: the selection of checkweighmen to secure
honest weights: to have their coal weighed, and
that two thousand pounds shall constitute a ton.
"Aside from the question of wages involved in
this dispute these fundamentals are accorded tc
the miners by law."
"I suppose there is no question as to the ability
of both parties to the dispute to continue this
struggle indefinitely, until one or the other gains
supremacy. Realizing, as we always do, that the
public is concerned in these disputes, yve are willing
to terminate the strike if certain concessions
are conceded: i. e., that the operators yvhose
mines are now affected will agree that there shall
be no discrimination against mine workers for
joining the organization and all employes shall
return to work.
"Second, the establishment of the nine-hour
yvork day to all classes of labor in and around the
mines.
"Third, to a semi-monthly pay day.
"Fourth, that the miners in any mine shall be
accorded the right to select a cheekweighman, and
in accordance with the state laws, all coal shall
be weighed and two thousand pounds shall constitute
a ton.
Fifth, that a commission of arbitration be selected."
Mr. M. T. Davis, on the part of the
PAINT AND CABIN CREEK OPERATORS,
replied to Mr. "White in part as follows, directing
the communication to me:
"The so-called Paint and Cabin Creek 'strike'
is not a struggle by working men to better their
conditions of employment or in consequence of the
denia* of any lawful right. The right to belong
to the labor organization did not exist at common
law and it was not given by any statute in West
Virginia. The subject of pay days is not regulated
by common law or statute. The law does
not undertake to fix whether coal shall be sold or
wages paid by the gross or net ton. In some markets
coal is sold and at some mines wages are paid
by the net ton, and in some markets coal is sold
and at some mines yvages are paid by the gross
ton.
"No right of the miners has been or is being
denied them on Paint Creek and Cabin Creek. All
coal mined in these creeks is weighed and paid
for according to the w eights, and the miner receives
pay at the established yveight for every
pound he loads. It is not true that low yvages
and deplorable conditions prevail in the unorganized
fields. On the contrary, as developed by the
recent mining investigation commission, the highest
miners' earnings in the state are in the Paint
and Cabin Creek fields, and conditions of all kinds
in those fields are as good as the best in the state,
yvhich means the best in the world, and there was
and is no compulsion or effort at compulsion in
dealing with company commissaries.
"The present trouble is not a strike that is a
cessation of w ork by the employes of the Paint
Creek and Cabin Creek mines for the purpose of
securing any change in yvages, working hours,
paydays or other conditions of working or living.
No demand has been made upon us by our employes,
present or past, for any change in any of
these respects. The so-called 'strike' is purely
an effort on the part of the United Mine Workers
of America to organize our mines.
"We repeat, in connection yvith all this troublethere
has been
HUT OXE DEMAND MADE
upon us: that for recognition of the United Mine
Workers of America, and that made not by our
employes, but by the officers and organizers or
that organization, principally non-residents of the
state, who, upon our iefusal of their demand.
turned themselves ancl their adherents into an
invading force.
"Mr. White's first demand is that there be no
discrimination against mine workers joining the
organization. To this we reply, we have the same
right to employ a member of the United Mine
Workers of America as such member has to refuse
to yvork for us."
Mr. Davis further states that they have twentyfive
hundred working miners as against about
three hundred striking miners on Cabin Creek.
Replying to the demand for a nine-hour day, as
suggested by Mr. White, Mr. Davis states that
"this demand is a mere pretext on the part of the
United Mine Workers. There has been and is,
we believe, no desire on the part of the mine
workers for a nine-hour day, and until such a
manifest yve see no occasion for considering the
question."
"Semi-monthly pay; another pretext presented
by the United Mine Workers of America out of
pretended solicitude for men who arj not of. with
or for that organization, and who do not desire
any change in pay* days.
"The miners at the mine shall be accorded the
right to select a cheekweighman, and that two
thousand pounds shall constitute a ton. Our
miners have the right, which has never been refused
them at any time, to place a checkweigh-

man on the tipple when and for so long a time as
they may choose."
Relative to tyvo thousand pounds constituting a
ton of coal, Mr. Davis states in reply to Mr. White
that this question is an immaterial one; that it
is the price paid per ton that interests both miner
and operator, and that the miners and operators
in Paint Creek district are
SATISFIED WITH EXISTING PRICES.
Mr. Davis further replies to Mr. White relative
to an arbitration commission, saying that this is
nothing more nor less than a recognition of his
organization, and this, or anything tending thereto,
the operators cannot grant. lie further states
that they cannot, therefore, consider making any
of the agreements suggested by Mr. White.
From the excerpts taken and made a part of this
statement it would seem absolutely a hopeless task
to think of bringing these two yvarring factions
to any mutual agreement. I therefore feel justified
in making some suggestions and asking both
sides to recede from their present positions and
permit me to terminate the struggle that has so
long existed and that has resulted in so much
embarrassment to the state administration and
the regret of the public in general. Riots, and
what could be aptly termed a miniature revolution,
have been going on foi- a period of time,
caused by the misdoings of both sides implicated
in this matter, or at least, their representatives.
There can be no question but that the miners
have been imposed upon and mistreated by the
guard system that existed at one time or another
throughout the strike zone. It is not to be denied
that mistreatment has been accorded by
union to non-union miners yvithin and without the
immediate strike zone. This yvas attested to
me by a union miner the other day when he quoted
his experience at a certain town located near the
strike field wherein he stated that he was accosted
by a union miner and assaulted because of the
fact that he yvas thought to be a non-union miner.
This" same union miner testified further that he
had seen others accosted in the same way; so the
public can see that there are misdoings
ON THE PART OF ROTH SIDES.
The battle that recently took place on the mountain
opposite Mucklow yvas engaged in by miners.
between ninety-three and one hundred strong:
who spent Sunday night in the school house at
Crovcn Hill, leaving the school house about five
o'clock in the morning and climbing the mountain,
and waiting, after they had gone far enough
lo conceal themselves, until eight or nine o'clock
in the morning, when they proceeded on their way
to Burnwell yvith the intention of doing some
destruction to the eoal industry located at that
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
point. They were accosted and turned back by
the bookkeeper, superintendent, guards ancl other
employes of the Paint Creek Collieries Co., and a
battle occurred, the results of which were as follows:
A bookkeeper by the name of Bobbitt and
mine guard by the name or Vance iost their lives;
a man named Nesbitt was shot but not mortally
wounded, and a miner had a slight flesh wound
in the arm. These were the only casualties sustained
on the pait of the miners, notwithstanding
tlie fact that the press throughout tbe United
States publihhed a report that sixteen men lost
their lives in this engagement.
I have authentic information relative to the
statement I am making, from men who participated
in the fight.
If tbe contention of the eoal operators is right
that the organization knoyvn as the United Mine
Workers of America is a foreign enemy, their
methods illegal and in restraint of trade, and
that their control of the coal industry from a labor
standpoint would handicap and prevent those from
finding a market to sell their coal, such a condition
would be a detriment to .;he mine yvorkers as
yvell as to the mine owners.
This important subject has been given no little
thought by me: in fact, it has practically taken
up almost my entire time since my inauguration
I have
TAKEN THE STATEMENT OF .MONE
as to the real conditions that exist yvithin the
strike zone, but have investigated for myself. I
have talked with both sides, and I want to assure
the public that it is my sincere intention to do
what I think is right as between tbe tyvo contestant
factions. The industry owners cannot do
without the services of the laboiing men, nor can
the laboring man exist without the employer.
As to the right of the laboiing men to meet and
discuss conditions and organize into an association
or union for his welfare ancl protection, as
long as it does nor, restrain competition and trade,
I can see no objection. Section 19 of Chapter 78
of the Acts of 1907, recognizes this right but the
same chapter, distinctly points out that he shali
not. in combination, by force, threats, menace or
intimidation to prevent from working in or about
any mine, any person or persons who have the
lawful right to yyork in and about the same, and
who desire to so woi'k. It seems to me that there
should be a community of interests between the
operators and the employes, as the thing that
yvould be detrimental to one would be disastrous
to the other.
Section 441 of the Code of 190G provides for the
selection of a cheekweighman by a majority of the
miners working in a mine, together with the
agents of said company, but if either party is dis-

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
satisfied tlie weighman may be dismissed on ten
clays' notice.
Section 431 of the Code of 1906, Acts of 1891,
Chapter 82, deals with tbe consecutive numbering,
weighing, marking, weight and capacity of cais.
Chapter 82 of the Acts of 1891 deals more spe­
cifically with the scale and measures, and defines
iiow the same shall be conducted. There can be
no question as to the law relative to this matter,
but it is so expressed that
EVASIONS CAN UK MADE
if either party cares to evade or neglect to com­
ply with tbe provisions ot this chapter.
it is not my intention to ask the coal operators
to adopt something that is inimical to their in­
terests or that will cast opprobrium upon, or in
any way handicap tlie industry in West Virginia.
II is also foreign co me tc even suggest or dictate
as to how they should conduct their business;
nor do I wish to conflict in any way. by suggestion
or otherwise, yvith the rights and liberties of the
laboring man. However, I feel it my duty, as
chief executive of the state, to insist that the law-
be enforced in letter and in spirit. I do there­
fore respectfully recomm2nd:
First—That the operators concede to tbe miners
their right to select a cheekweighman from among
their number when a. majority demands, as indi­
cated and in keeping yvith Sections 438-439 of the
Code, to determine, to entire satisfaction of the
employe, the exact weight of all coal mined by
him and his co-workers.
Second—I suggest that a nine-hour day be con­
ceded to the miners by the operators. To be more
fully understood as to what constitutes a nine-
hour day, f respectfully advise that it means nine
hours of actual service by the employe to the em­
ployer at the same scale of wages noyv paid.
Third—That
NO DISCRIMINATION BE MADE
against any miner, and that if he elects, he may
lie permitted to purchase tbe supplies for the
maintenance of his family wherever it suits him
best, as this is claimed by the operator to be the
case at the present time. It is hoped by the
chief executive that it will be the pleasure of the
mine operators who own ancl control commissaries,
to see that the prices of their merchandise are in
keeping with the same prices made by independ­
ent or any other stoies throughout the Kanawha
valley.
Fourth—That the operators grant a semi­
monthly pav.
If tlie coal operators accede to the request that
I have herein made, I respectfully ask that the
coal miners throughout the Paint and Cabin Creek
and other strike zones accept the concessions that
I have asked to Le made in their behalf and re­
turn to work, assuring them that it the operators
concede these terms, it will be my pleasure to use
all the means at my command to see that each and
every proposition so acceded to is carried out in
its fullness, and I yvill further endeavor, in such
cases where the law is not now explicit, to have
the same so amended a? will secure ifl tbe future
the carrying out of the; suggestions I have here
made. Respectfully,
H. D. HATFIELD.
On the same date Frank Hayes, vice president
and Edwin F. Perry, secretary-treasurer of the
International organization of the United Mine
Workers, left Indianapolis for Charleston, \X. Va.,
to participate in negotiations for a settlement of
the strike as yvell as to consider the situation in
the New River field.
April 10, the New River miners' convention met
at Montgomery, W. Va.. and after inviting the
operators to meet them in conference on Gov. Hat­
field's proposition adjourned to meet in Charleston
May lo.
The same day busines men of Charleston met,
commended the Governor's action and appointed
this committee to aid in bringing about a settlement
on that basis: Messrs. A. G. Barnes, chair­
man; Charles Capito, C. K. Payne, C. C. Lewis,
F. M. Staunton.
April 17 the operators of the Cabin Creek and
Paint Creek districts accepted Gov. Hatfield's pro­
posal, ancl the executive issued the folloyving statement:
"I have a communication signed by the president
of the Paint Creek and Cabin Creek Coal Operators'
association, which I am submitting to the
miners and theii associates, and also for the in­
formation of the public, as follows:
"'Dear Sir: Replying to the recommendations
made in the statement issued by you Monday, the
14th, with reference to the existing disturbance in
tlie Paint Creek and Cabin Creek coal fields, including
also the Coal River mines:
" 'The undersigned, on behalf of the operators
in those fields, beg to say that the operators wil!
accede to ancl adopt your recommendations, viz:
" The miners at any and all of the mines in
said districts shall lie free to place upon any tipple
at any time and for so long as they choose, a
cheekweighman. In justice to ourselves, however,
we call your excellency's attention, to the fact
that the right to a cheekweighman never has been
denied at any time in those districts.
" 'A nine-hour day yvill be established, meaning
nine hours of work at the employes' place of work.
" 'There will be no discrimination at anv mine
for or against any miner with reference to tiie pur­
chase of his supplies and any miner yvill be free

to deal at such stores as he may choose, without
affecting his employment. In this connection, we
also desire to say that, so far as we are informed,
mis HAS BEEN THE BULE
at the mines mentioned and that no discrimination
has been made against any employe by reason of
his course in purcnasing bis supplies.
" 'We will establish a semi-monthly payday.
" 'We are directed to say to your excellency that
your recommendations are adopted as a whole be
cause of the appreciation felt by the operators interested
of your ability, fairness and courage in
handling this matter. As hereinbefore stated,
the matters mentioned in paragraphs one and three
are in accordance with our past and present system
of dealing yvith our men. But the matters
mentioned in the second and fourth paragraphs
yvill increase substantially the cost of production
of our coal and our day iabor is, we believe, already
the highest paid in the state, not excepting
that of the unionized mines, and no change has
been asked by our employes. But yve cheerfully
make concessions in these respects, in deference
lo your judgrr.nl and believing that you are entitled,
in your efforts to suppress lawlessness and
restore peace, to the whole-hearted support ot the
parties interested and the public, even though some
sacrifice is necessary.
" 'Very respectfully,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
"Jvl. T. DAVIS."
"I have a further, communication signed by
Thomas Carnes, Thomas Haggerty, Sam B. Montgomery,
and Frank J. Hayes, i miners' leaders)
which is as follows:
" We have carefully read your proposition directed
to the operators in the strike zone and are
ready to act yvhen they make their position known.
" 'Appreciating your interest in this matter yve
beg to remain, respectfully yours.' "
"1 wish to say to the miners that I shall personally
take up this matter and see to it that these
promises as made in the coal operators' proposal
are carried out in their fullness, and I feel that
the miners should accept these terms in good faith,
and if they do I yvill use every effort to absolutely
guarantee tbe fullest compliance yvith the terms
accepted by the operators in keeping with tbe
propositions as submitted in my signed interview
of April 14. and printed in tbe newspapers of the
state April 15.
"I yvish to reiterate that where tbe law is not
now explicit I shall use my influence to have it so
amended at an early day that there can be
NO c;rFSTio.N LEFT IN DISPUTE
as between employer and employe relating to the
subjects under discussion, that seem to be the
bone of contention at the present time, or any
other question t'uat may arise in tlie future and
bring about dispute."
April 19 the Mine Workers handed to Gov. Hatfield
their reply to his propositions, as follows:
"Charleston, W. Va., April 19, 1913.
"Governor H. D. Hatfield.
"Executive Office.
"Charleston. W. Va.
"Dear Sir: We have carefully considered your
proposition relative to a settlement of the strike
existing on Paint and Cabin Creeks, and respectfully
submit the following reply:
"We wish to cal! the attention of your excellency
lo the fact that the statements of the operators,
which you quote, concerning the aims and purposes
of our union are not well founded, as yve yvill attempt
to show, and we feel sure your excellency
yvill pardon us for trying to correct some of the
wrong impressions the public might form if these
statements went unanswered, and we take this
occasion to refer briefly to some of the quotations
and statistics used against our movement.
"First, yve wish to call attention to the fact thr.t
District 17, United Mine Workers of America, embracing
the state of West Virginia, controlled absolutely
by West Virginia miners, lias full power
to negotiate wage ©scales separate and distinct
from any other slate in the Union, and as proof
of this assertion yve refer you to the settlement
made last year between the union miners of District
17, West Virginia, and the Kanawha Coal
Operators' Association, yvho, notwithstanding that
the mine workers in the well organized states secured
a substantial advance of 5.26 per cent, in
their yvages, voluntarily and independently accepted
only one-half of said advance and they did
this without any consultation or advice from the
International union, which is federal in its capacity,
because they had tbe
RIGHT AND AUTHORITY
to do so, and, moreover, the union miners and
operators of West Virginia have made their wage
scales for many years separate and distinct from
all competitive states and they yvill continue to
exercise full jurisdiction over their own yvage
agreements, as heretofore, and it is evident that
the statements of an operator or of a Federal
judge, yvho knows practically nothing about the
miners' movement, that the union is a foreign
enemy and inimical to the best interests of the industry
and the state yvill not stand the searchlight
of truth. This ancient argument of the operators
is a mere subterfuge used to appeal to the civicpride
of West Virginians, and moreover, yve might
add that it nas been used time and again by the
operators of all coal mining states, prior to our
union being established, for the sole purpose of

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
deceiving the public and retarding the progress of
our cause.
"We also wish to direct the attention of your
excellency to the statement, industriously circulated
by the operators, concerning the annual,
average wage of West Virginia miners. The reason
this average wage appears favorable is because
of the 'contract system' prevailing in a large number
of West Virginia miners; the operators in
many instances only carrying the names of the
contractors on their pay rolls, and they in turn
hiring other miners at small wages, who do not
appear on the pay rolls, and are, therefore, not included
in the figures upon which the computation
is based. These contractors make high yvages because
they make a profit on every man they employ,
ancl in striking an average the yvages drawn
by this vast army of laborers or 'back hands,' who
work for the contractors and not the operators, are
not. included, thus permitting
THE WAGE COMPUTATION
to be made on the wages received by contractors
and best paid classes of labor. .Moreover the
great majority ot the mine workers of West Virginia
yvork two boms longer per day than the
miners in the well organized states which must
also be considered in making comparisons. And
lastly, if the average annual wage is so much
higher in West Virginia than it is in the union
states, how can the West Virginia operators so
successfully meet such competition? Of course,
this is not the point the operators want to bring
out, but as they seek to use the statistics of the
state to imply that their employes are well paid.
we wish to call the attention of your excellency to
the fact that the wage scales prevailing in West
Virginia are, as a whole more than one hundred
per cent, lower than those prevailing in the union
states. For instance, the wage paid a miner for
digging a ton of coal on Cabin Creek is 35 cents:
the wage paid in Ohio is 71 cents. More can be
said along ihis line but time and space forbids,
and we only direct tlie attention of your excellency
to these facts in order that our demands may not
be misunderstood.
"Under the caption "Laboring Man's Rights,'
your excellency states in part:
" 'As to the right of the laboring man to meet
ancl discuss conditions and organize into an association
or union tor bis welfare anel protection,
as long as it does not restrain competition and
trade, I can see no objection.'
"On the other hand, the communication embodied
in your proposition from Mr. M. T. Davis.
speaking for tiie Paint and Cabin Creek operators.
reads as follows:
"'The right lo belong to the labor organization
did not exist at common law ancl is not given by
any statute in West Virginia.' You will observe
there is
QUITE A DIFFERENCE
between these two statements, ancl you will kindly
pardon us for wanting to know which one will prevail
in the event of the miners accepting your
proposition. We earnestly request that this matter
be made clear to the men involved in the present
strike.
"We also feel called upon to make mention of
the fact that the United Mine Workers of America
is not an organization in restraint of competition
and trade, as is plainly evident yvhen we direct
your attention to the fact, that more than four
hundred thousand mine workers are members of
our union ancl are working under joint trade agreements
yvith their employers, and moreover since
the establishment of our union the coal production
in the thoroughly organized states has increased
more than one hundred per cent. For
instance, the coal production in Illinois, a thoroughly
organized state, having seventy-five thousand
union miners, increased from 25,767,981
tons in 1900 to 53,679,113 in 1911. Do
these figures signify that it is the purpose of our
union to restrain competition ai_d trade or to in
any way interfere with the development of the
industry? We ask an impartial investigation
into this phase of our movement.
"The attention of your excellency is respectfully
directed to the contract existing between District
17, United Mine Workers of America, and the
Kanawha Coal Operators' Association ancl in order
that you may thoioughly understand our position
we present for your perusal the following letter
addressed to John P. White, president of the United
Mine Workers of America, by Duncan Kennedy,
secretary and commissioner of the Kanawha Coal
Operators' Association of West Virginia, lo-wit:
'"April 5, 1913.
" 'Mi. John P. White,
" 'President U. M. W. of A..
" 'Indianapolis, lnd.
"'Dear Sir: After an absence of several weeks
1 have returned to Charleston ancl find al! kinds of
rumors afloat as tc
SETTLEMENTS ALREADY MADE,
and proposed to lie made by your organization with
operators whose employes have been, and others
whose employes are still on strike.
"'In this connection I would remind you, on behalf
of the Kanavcha Coal Operators' association
that our piesent contract with your organization
carries the following clause:
'"(Clause 1, Sec. 3). It is understood that during
the life of this agreement the fTnited Mine
Workers of America shall enter into no contract
with any other operator in the Kanawha district

carrying different terms or conditions to those provided
for herein.
" T feel quite safe in saying to you that this is
one clause of our agreement the operators in this
district, doing business yvith your organization,
will expect and insist upon a full observance of.
" 'My attention has also been called to your letter
of March 25, addressed to Governor Hatfield,
in clause 5 of which, among other things, you propose
to submit to a commission for adjustment:
" 'The yvages of all men employed at day work
in and around tbe mines; determine the mining
prices, yardage, etc.' At the moment it seems
to me that the spii it of this proposition is, directly
contrary to the spirit of the clause referred to,
unless the submission to arbitration should carry
yvith it the proviso that any award made under
such arbitration, or by such commission, shall not
carry 'different term;, or conditions to those provided
for' in the agreement now-- in effect between
us.
" 'There is of course no fear of such arbitration
resulting in an award of higher wages than we
are now paying. Any
SUCH IWARD
must result in better terms and conditions than
we now enjoy under our contract, therefore, if any
settlement or award should lie made carrying
lower yvages or better conditions it. must be distinctly
understood that the members of our association
will expect to receive the benefits of such
lower yvages and better conditions.
"T shall be glad to haye your views on these
matters. I sincerely trust they shall be such as
will avoid the necessity of my bringing these matters
to the atention of the membeis of our association,
especially at this time.
" 'Yours very truly,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
" '(Sd.) D. C. KENNEDY,
" 'Secretary and Commissioner.'
"In vieyv of the fact that the proposition you submit
carries yvith it different terms and conditions
cf employment than that contained in the Kanawha
contract, yve, as the official representatives of the
union, are prevented from subscribing to the same.
We are not unmindful, however, of the high and
responsible position you occupy in the affairs of
the state, and yve also recognize your earnest desire
to have the striking miners on Paint and Cabin
Creeks consider your proposition, which, we understand,
the operators have accepted, and co-operating
with you along this line, we wish to advise
that we will arrange- to have the Faint and Cabin
Creek mine yvorkers rail a delegat3 convention of
strikers to meet at Charleston next Tuesday, April
22d, for the purpose of carefully and impartially
considering youi proposal and submitting an
answer to the same.
"Very truly yours,
"Tims. CAIRNS,
"THOS. HAGGERTY,
"FRANK J. HAYES."
Notices were posted by the operators at their
mines on Cabin Creek and Coal River April 19
that the nine-hour day would go into effect; that
THE SEMI-MONTHLY PAY
day yvould be installed May 1, and that the other
concessions advocated by the Governor and agreed
to by the operators would become effective at once
Gov. Hatfield and leaders of the miners spent
most of the night of April 21 in secret conference
and this yvas followed April 22 by the convention
of the miners. After if yvas organized Gov. Hatfield
was introduced and spoke as follows:
Gentlemen:—1 am glad to meet and talk with
you relative to the matters that have so long disturbed
the peace and dignity of the state and affected
the tranquillity of the coal industry in the
Kanawha valley, to both employes and employer.
When I took charge of the governmental affairs
of the state on March 4, I set to work to try to
bring about an amicable adjustment of the industrial
conflict which has been in existence now for
more than a year.
I have investigated this strike situation for myself,
and have come to the conclusion that both
sides have done wrong. There has existed in the
coal mining district of Paint and Cabin Creeks a
lawless condition not to be surpassed hardly, even
in Mexico.
Noyv, gentlemen, I wish to say to you in all
frankness that law and order will be maintained at
any hazard during my term as governor. I shall
use my best effort to see that each and every man
gets a fair, square deal, but I exact from every
citizen due consideration and reverence for the
laws of our state.
My inclinatirn has been upon the side of mercy
for those whom I know positively were violators
of the law. By so acting I wanted to indicate to
each and every one who had been engaged in this
unfortunate industrial affair, my sincere interest
in and good will toward my fellow man, and by
my acts and words of counsel to admonish him that
he might have ample yvarning for the future.
It has been my pleasure to have been intimately
connected with the laboring man for the past
seventeen years. I feel that I know him and
yvhat his yvants are. I assure you that the laboring
world has no better friend in public office than
myself, and I want to ask you not to be led off
from the paths of rectitude and

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
HOOD CITIZENSHIP,
and be induced 10 enter into or aid and abet in
the commission of offenses which make you in the
eyes of all good, law abiding men undesirable citi­
zens, merely because some wild-eyed fellow comes
along and by his expression and advice tries to in­
fluence you into some combination or conspiracy
that is in conflict with a'l law, and makes you by
his ill advice a fugitive. You have had these
exigencies; you know tlie statements I an: making
are facts.
Now Gentlemen, I not only want you to take
this advice, but to counsel your fellow man ancl co­
worker of the coal mines. Labor has its indis­
putable and inalienable rights. So has the in­
dustrial owner. Neither can successfully exist
without the other, and neither can settle their dif­
ferences by tyranny, war and insurrection or op­
pression, and i wish to say that during my term
as governor I shall put lorth my efforts in every
possible yvay to forestall those conditions which
mean not only disaster to those directly inter­
ested, but a feeling of unrest throughout our com­
monwealth.
I bad a communication from Mr. J. P. White
relative to this dispute', which I take it you have
all read, as well as a reply from Mr. M. T. Davis;
also communications from others. After reading
these communications, visiting the strike zone my­
self, and talking with both sides personally. I gave
out an interview, which 1 take it you have all read,
suggesting terms that seemed to me should be ac­
cepted by both sides 10 end this industrial disturb­
ance. I received a message from Mr. Haggerty
and others stating that they were waiting for some
action on the part of the operators, which yvas in
keeping yvith my interview.
The reply from Mr. Davis op. the part of the
operators is as follows:
"Charleston, W. Va., April 17, 1913.
"Hon. Henry D. Hatfield, Governor,
"Charleston, W. Va.
"Dear Sir:—Replying to the recommendations
made in the statement issued by you Monday, the
14th inst, yvith reference to the existing disturb­
ances in the Paint Creek and Cabin Creek coal
fields, including also the Coal River mines:
"The undersigned on behalf of the operators in
those fields beg to say that the operators in said
fields yvill accede to and adopt your recommenda­
tions, viz:
"First, the miners at any and all of the mines
in said districts shall be free to place upon any
tipple at any time, and for so
LONG AS THEY CHOOSE.
a cheekweighman. In justice to ourselves, hoyv-
ever, yve call your Excellency's attention to the
fact that the right to a cheekweighman has never
been denied at any time in those districts.
"Second, a nine-hour day will be established at
said mines, meaning nine hours of yvork at tiie em­
ploye's place of yvork.
"Third, there yvill be no discrimination at any
of said mines, for or against any miner yvith refer­
ence to the purchase of his supplies, and any miner
will be free to deal at such stores as he may choose
without affecting his employment. In this con­
nection yve also desire to say that so far as we are
informed this has been the rule at the mines men­
tioned, and that, no discrimination has been made
against any employe by reason of his course in
purchasing his supplies.
"Fourth, yve yvill establish a semi-monthly pay­
day.
"We are directed to say to your Excellency that
youi recommendations are adopted as a whole be­
cause of the appreciation felt by the operators in­
terested of your ability, fairness ancl courage in
handling this matter. As hereinbefore stated, the
matters mentioned in paragraphs numbered first
and third are in accoidance yvith our past ancl
piesent system of dealing with our men. But the
matters mentioned in paragrapns second and fourth
will substantially increase the cost of production
of our coal, and our daily labor is, yve believe, al­
ready the highest paid in the state, not excepting
that of the unionized mines, and no change has
been asked by our employes. But we cheerfully
make concessions in these respects in deference to
your judgment and believing that you are entitled
in your efforts to suppress lawlessness and restore
peace in this state to the whole-hearted support
of the parties interested and the public, even
though some sacrifice is necessary.
"Yours respectfully,
"(Signed) M. T. DAVIS."
I have given to you gentlemen the propositions
made by me lo the coal operators and accepted by
them, and 1 hope it yvill also be your pleasure to
accept them. I have assurances from the public
throughout th:- state that my recommendations are
meritorious, and it is their desire that the terms
1 have suggested be accepted by both sides, and
thus bring an end to this unfortunate conflict which
has existed so long. If you do this, I
yVILL USE MY BEST INFLUENCE
personally to see to it that each and every proposi­
tion made and accepted is carried out in good faith
and in its fulness.
Chapter 82 of the Code of 1891 provides for check­
weighmen, as does Section 431, of the Code of
1906; but the law is so drawn that it is evasive
if either side cares to take advantage.
I do not question your right to belong to a labor
union.

Section 19 of Chapter 78, of the Acts of 1907,
gives the right of laboring men to organize into
an association or union, but the act further sets
out that there shall be no threats, intimidations or
combination by force of any kind, to prevent those
who are entitled to work in or about the mine
from so doing if they choose.
It is not for me to decide the questions in dispute
between you ancl your employer. The thing
that I must insist upon is law and order, and that
justice prevails, and that the statute as laid down
relative to these matters is carried out.
It will be my endeavor, yvhere the laws are not
noyv explicit, and are more or less evasive, to have
them so amended that there can be no question as
to their intent, at the earliest possible opportunity.
Practically my entire time since my induction
into office has been devoted to the settlement of
this conflict. I must now turn my ai tention to
other matters concerning the whole people of our
state which have been really neglected. But to
enable me to take up these matters I ask that you
accept the propositions that I have submitted, and
in doing this 1 assure you I have your best interests
in my thoughts.
The mineis discussed the propositions of the
Governor April 23 and 24 and appointed a com
mittee to confer yvith him and again endeavor to
obtain a conference with the operators, or some
further assurances from the Governor. The executive
late in the evening of April 24 then issued this
statement:
"I have waited patiently since April 15 for a
favorable reply to propositions submitted to end
the strike that ha« existed in the Paint Creek and
Cabin Creek fields for more than a year, and has
cost the stale enormous sums of money. 1 have
exacted important concessions from the employers,
yvhich yvill be of material benefit to the miners.
With the exception of recognition of the union,
these concessions include practically everything demanded
by- the miners. It is beyond my power
to dictate to the owners of industries whom they
shall employ, and upon what terms. The people
of the state expect me, yvithout further delay to
effect permanent pacification of the disturbed area
and relieve the state of the burden of expense occasioned
by disregard of law and ordei therein.
"I shall exert myself to the utmost to secure fulfillment
of every promise made to me on behalf
of the miners by the operators as to the permaneoy
of the concessions they have made. So far
as it is within my poyver I yvill secure further concessions.
I earnestly desire
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS
ot all working people in the state. At no time
during my administration will this interest be
neglected or any effort left unmade to further their
interest in a just and equitable manner.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
"I therefore request the miners who have been
contending for concessions, which the operators
have granted, and some which have already been
put into effect, I ..;n informed, to accept these conditions
and go to work. As to all yvho decline to
do so and to threaten the peace of the community
by iheir conduct and association, I shall immediately
institute inquiry as to whether they are
aiding and abetting the insurrectionary and riot
ous combination constituting one of the parties to
the outrages upon lav. and order which have necessitated
the exercise of the military power of the
state, and apprehend and imprison such persons
as 1 am authorized by law to place under detention.
"Chapter 14 of the Code gives me ample power to
apprehend and imprison all persons, regardless of
nationality or citizenship, who in time of insuricction
or public danger shall give aid, support or
information to the enemy of insurgents, or who,
I shall have just cause to believe are conspiring
or combining together to aid or support any hostile
action against this state. The same chapter
gives me authority to issu3 warrants or orders dilected
to any sheriff or other officer, civil or military.
I intend to avail myself of these powers
as far as applicable in bringing about tlie accomplishment
of the purposes I have indicated.
"I therefore give ample warning that this strife
and dissension must cease yvithin 36 hours. If
at the end of tlie period it has not, I shall vigorously
enter upon the course of procedure herein
indicated "
During the period of these; exchanges 3f missives,
the court of Raleigh county
REFUSED A WRIT
of habeas corpus to A. W. Mann, yvho had been arrested
on order of Gov. Hatfield fcr shipping rifles
and ammunition into that county and supplying
them to mineis. The decision of the court sustained
the right of the executive and the military
authorities to arrest Mann outside the martial lawzone.
The miners' convention finally accepted Gov. Hatfield's
proposition April 25, by a vote of about
lour to one; nine of the 93 delegates have their
votes recorded against it.
Tlie reply to the Governor, which was adopted,
follows:
"Charleston. W. Va., April 25, 1913.
"Hon. Henry D. Hatfield, Governor,
"Executive Office,
"Chai leston, W. Ya.
"Dear Sir: Replying to the recommendations
made to the coal operators on Paint and Cabin
Creeks, issued by you Monday, the 14th inst., with
reference to the existing disturbances in the Paint
and Cabin Creek coal fields, including also the Coal

5(5
ltiyer mines; tbe undersigned on behalf of the
coal miners in the fields involved, beg to say that.
the miners in said fields will accede to and adopt
your recommendations, viz:
"First, thai the operators concede to the miners
(heir right to select a cheekweighman from among
their number, in keeping with Sections 438 and 439
of the Code, to determine, to the entire satpisfac-
tion of the employe, the exact weight or measure
of all coal mined by him and his co-workers;
"Second, that a nine-hour day be conceded to the
miners by the operators, that nine hours means
nine hours of
ACTUAL SERVICE
hy the employe to the employer, at the same scale
of wages now paid;
"Third, that no discrimination be made against
any miner, and that if be elects, he may be per­
mitted to purchase the supplies for the mainte­
nance of his family wherever it suits him best,
as this is claimed by the operators to be the case
at the present time;
"Fourth, a semi monthly pay day.
"We hope with the chief executive that it yvill
lie the pleasure of the mine operators, who own
and control commissaries, to see that the prices
of their meichandise are in keeping with the same
prices made by independent or any other stores
throughout the Kanawha Valley.
"Tbe opening sentence in the third recommenda­
tion made by you. 'That no discrimination be made
against any miner.' we understand to mean that
there shall be no discrimination between any
miner, union or non-union, and that all men shall
be returned to work, otherwise we could not fol­
low out your suggestion 'fcr all men to return to
work if tbe operators accede to my recommenda­
tion.'
"And, whereas, you have stated in your proposi­
tion heretofore submitted to the miners and opera­
tors, that you recognize the right and privilege
of the mine's uf this state to belong to a labor
union as is provided by tlie layvs of said stale, and
"Whereas, you have further stated in said propo­
sition that you
SEE NO OBJECTION
to the miners belonging to said union, so long as
they act wil bin their purview of the statute, or
according to law, and
"Whereas, we interpret voiii proposition to mean.
or guarantee to the miners of this section, in this
struggle, or strike, the light to organize and be­
long f o a labor union by whatever name they
please to call or designate it, and believing that
vou will see to it that the miners of this section
will he protected by you and by vour administra­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tion in the exercise of these rights so conceded,
we are willing to accept your proposition under
this construction relative thereto, and
"Whereas, the miners of the particular section
of this state which is now and has been for some
months past, involved in said stiike, have suffered
untold outrage* at the hands of or by virtue of the
'guard svstem.' which has been in vogue in said
state for many years past, and
"Whereas, by means of such system the rights
and privileges of the miners in said section, under
the constitution and laws of the state, have been
practically destroyed, and believing such system
lo be the greatest detriment lo the mining industry
of the state, w e have felt that such system ought
not to be tolerated, and
"Whereas, you have stated in your written propo­
sition heretofoie mentioned that such 'guard sys­
tem' will not lie tolerated by your administiation,
we are willing to repose complete confidence in you
relative >o this matter, believing that you will
se-e to it that this 'guard system' which has
DISGRACED THE STATE
of West Virginia for years will not longer be tol­
erated at your hands as Governor of this state,
and because of this statement of yours contained
in said wri.ten proposition, construing it as we
have relative to this matter, as hereinbefore set
forth.
In accepting your proposition yvith the above
understanding, yve respectfully call your attention
to the fact that each of the recommendations made
by vou with the exception of the nine-hour day
ancl semi-monthly pay day, to which the operators
have acceded, are statutory rights granted the
miners by law, and the fundamental principles of
freedom of speech, of the right of lawful assembly,
ot constitutional government of home rule and
local self government, of civil and religious free­
dom, of unshackled opportunity for social broth­
erhood as eposed to savage individualism, all of
which have been denied us under the guard sys­
tem, are likewise guaranteed *o the people of this
state by its constitution and layvs.
"Under thes^ conditions, and upon these terms,
we accept your proposition, because of our faith
and full confidence in your fairness and your abil­
ity as the chief executive of this state to see that
they are put into force and effect.
"The above conditions hereby agreed to continue
in force and effect until March 31, 1914.
"Respectfully submitted,
"ED. SAULSBY,
"GEO. CARR,
"WM. GARRETT.
"AMOS PAULEY,
"Committee on Resolutions."

Gov. Hatfield received this communication from
a committee on April 25 and on the following dayissued
the following statement:
"Charleston, W. Va.. April 26, 1913.
"I feel that it would be presumptuous on my part
and overstepping any power given me, to suggest
to the employer whom he should employ, or ask
him to
RECOGNIZE A UNION,
any more lhan I should insist that a union man
work lor a certain employer. This is a matter
which must be left entirely to the employer antt
the employe to decide.
"The terms that I have suggested have been
agreed to by the coal operators. Every request
made by me has been conceded by them. I do not
feel that mire could be expected of me, other than
to see to it that faithful compliance yvith these
terms should be carried out, which I shall do. I
have just been informed that the miners will be
requested to select a cheekweighman from among
their number, at the different mines in the Paint
and Cabin Creek coai fields. The letter yvhich I
have received from the coal operators I submit
for publication.
"There is now no good reason for any further
continuation of agitation and disturbance. 1
therefore w ish to gi re notice that beginning yvith
Monday, April 28, all those in or about the mines
in the strike zone, who do not care to avail themselves
of the terms asked by me on behalf of the
miners ancl conceded by the coal operators, in
order to prevent further trouble and expense on
the part of the state and disturbance to the coal
industry, will do well to seek employment elseyvhere,
assuring them that if I can render any
service in the matter of getting proper locations
I shall gladly do so.
"It is therefore not expected, nor yvill it be tolerated
by me, that any one either inside or outside
the strike zone, shail aid or abet further in anv
way in the
CONTINUATION OF ANV HOSTILITY
that may have for its puipcse. either directly or
indirectly, the disturbing of the peace and tranquility
of this territory. This statement applies
outside as well is inside of the strike zone.
"I do not contemplate any further trouble, but
think it wise to take tbe precaution to give out
this statement so that each and every one may
have fair and ample warning, as I shall not give
further notice but will proceed under Chapter 11
of the code
"The soldiers must be relieved from duty without
any further delay, and such conditions must
lie brought about forthwith as yvill enable the civil
authorities to talc 1 charge al the earliest possible
time.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
Operators' Letter.
" 'Charleston, W. Va., April 26.
' 'Honorable H. D. Hatfield, Governor,
"'State of Wesl Virginia,
" 'Charleston.
" 'Dear Sir: Referring to your suggestion of
April 14, to the operators ancl the miners of Cabin
Creek, Paint Creek and Coal River mining fields,
and our reply of April 17:
" 'It lias been called to our attention that it has
been said by some that we were not sincere, ancl
would either fail to carry out, or evade the recommendations
made by you and accepted by us. We
wish, to now reiterate our sincerity and good
faith, ancl to p: ove this to you and the public, yve
beg to inlcim you as follows:
"'First: As frequently stated, we have never
refused a cheekweighman to our men, and
SINCE OUR ACCEPTANCE
cf your suggestions, which was given yvide publicity
by tbe press, there has beer, no request by
any of our men at any of our mines for a checkweighman.
But lo prove our sincerity in this yve
had instructed that a cheekweighman to lie selected
by the men be placed at each of our mines.
ancl have written the following letter that has
been addressed to each of the superintendents in
the districts, and we yvill see that these instructions
are carried out.
" 'Charleston. W. Va., April 26, 1913.
" 'Superintendent
"'Dear Sir: Owing to the false statements
which have been made by the press and others,
more especially the Socialistic press, claiming we
would not allow rheekweig'imen upon our different
tipples, we believe, that owing to this wide publication
that the public feel thut this is in a large
measure a fact, and it is possible that a small
per cent, of our men feel that there is some truth
in it owing to their having read so much in their
local papers.
" 'We therefore feel that our miners should select
checkweighmen and place them upoD our respective
tipples. We make this request feeling they
owe it to themselves, the community at large and
the company.
"'Therefore, you will please- read this letter to
your miners and request them te immediately select
a cheekweighman to be placed upon our tipple
and to remain there at the pleasure of the miners
selecting him.
" 'Manager."
" 'Second: We posted notices and put into effect
the nine hour clay on April 21.
"'Third: There will be no discrimination at
any of said mines for. or against any miner, with
reference to the purchase of his supplies.

53 1 HE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"'Fourth: We posted notices on April 19, that
effective May 1, Ihe semi-monthly pay would go
into effect. In explanation of this yve wish to
say. that this provision could noi be complied with
earlier beca ise it is necessary to make new pay­
rolls and forms.
" 'Very sincerely,
" 'M. T. DAVIS,
" 'For Cabin Creek anel Paint Creek Operators.' "
April 28 the miners began returning to yvork,
the leaders and the executive urging such action.
NEW ENTERPRISES
Wabamun Coal Co., Edmonton, Alberta, Can.;
capital, $500.nuii; incorporators. Arthur Davis, T.
M. Grindley. Dr. W. C. Dunn, H. E. Coll, J. H.
Gariepy. E. W Day, H. W. Campbell, George Ha'-court,
S. Williamson and J. W. Bell.
Perrysvillt Coal k Mining Co.. Maiden, W. a.:
capital, $50,000; incorporators. Dr. J. W. Bealor,
Thomas H. Paul, Mary Catherine Bealor and Ruth
V. Paul, of Shamokin, Pa., and G. A. Bealor. of
Charleston. W. Va.
Connellsville Coke & Fuel Co.. Connellsville, Pa.;
capital, $90,000: incorporators, R. Marietta, William
Marietta. J. G. Percy. W. H. Soisson. W. F.
Soisson, V. H. Soisson and Charles Weine Connellsville.
Indian Head Coal & Coke Co., Breensburg, Pa.;
capital. $30,000; incorporators, J. A. Sheetz and
C. S. Pore, Monessen; P. A. Meyers and W. D. Walthour,
Greensburg. and J. F. Irwin, Latrobe.
Big Ugly Creek Mining Co., Huntington. W. aV;
capital. $60,000; incorporators, A. J. Stein, Vanceburg.
Ky.: G. Xeare, Geo. J. McComas, H. E. Love
and Daniel Dawson, of Huntington.
Kaska-William Supply Co., Bethlehem, Pa.; capital,
$25.(100; incorporators, Allan C. Dodson. Morea,
Pa.: Truman M. Dodson, 2nd, Bethlehem. Pa.;
Josiah Bacbman, Bethlehem, Pa.
Richland Block Coal Co., Wheeling. W. Va.; capi­
tal, $100,000; incorporators, J. C. McKinley, H. B.
Lockwood, L. XV Brown, Nelson C. Hubbard and
L. I. Talbot, ali of Wheeling.
Bretelle Bros. Co.. Mingo Junction, O.; capital.
$25,000; incorporators, Thomas Bretelle, N. M
Bretelle, M. Bretelle, George L. Thompson and
•lames Bretelle.
Superior Coal Co., Albuquerque, N. M.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, Mrs. Elizabeth G. Kunz,
Charles E. Kunz ancl Guy L. Rogei s, all of Albu­
querque.
Dunkard Creek Coal di Coke Co., Waynesburg,
Pa.; capital. $250,000; incorporators, James L.
Rush, E. E. Morns and Alexander Tustin. Waynes­
burg.
Staples Coal Co., Boston, Mass.: capital, $1,000,-
ooo; incorporators. Paul L. Dean, John B. Sulli­
van, Jr., Fiank P. Estabrook, Raymond T. Sewall.
Lykens Coa] Co.. Philadelphia; capital, $10,000;
incoiporatois. Morris Williams, Christian C. Fe-
biger, J. Randall Williams, all of Philadelphia.
Loyalscck Coal Mining Co, Towanda, Pa.: capital.
$1011,01111; incorporators, F. C. Overton, J. R.
Overton an J E. P. Young of Towanda. Pa.
Eureka Coa! Mining Co., Rich Hill, Mo.; capital.
$20,000; incorporators, W. A. Griffin. J. H. Wil­
liams, and John S. and George H. Davis.
New Enterprise Coal Co.. Chicago; capital, $10,-
ooo; incorporators, Fred C. Honnold, Louis L.
Dent ancl Charles Y. Freeman.
Marissa Coal &> Mining Co., Marissa, 111.; capi­
tal, $2.(10(1; incorporators, XV. H. Hale, James B.
Brown and W. D. Newcom.
Wm. Muesching Coal Co., Chicago; capital, $10,-
000; incoiporatois, E. A. Kimball. E M. Kimball
and J. E. McDowell.
Coupons Paid By New Company.
LOOK INTO THE
YOU CAN'T EARTH, but W E
It was formally announced April 15 that the
three coupons on the first mortgage bonds of the
old Alabama Consolidated Coal & Iron Co. will be
paid May 1. This includes the current coupon
CAN get you a large 5
due that date anel the two overdue, which should
have been paid in May and November, respectively,
clean core of all strata un- 5 of last year. Interest will be paid on the over­
der your land tc be exdue coupons. These payments are being made
amined in broad daylight. <
by the Alabama Co., recently organized to take
over tlie first coal ancl iron concern which has just
. No Guess Work. . ) passed through a receivership. The Federal court
| The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO. in Birmingham sanctioned the turning over of the
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
propeity to the new interests under the terms of
j Field Office. 30 Carson St.. PITTSBURGH, PA. a reorganization plan which some of its stock­
J Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING ; holders had worked out.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
MST eRED US PAttNTO''
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBR/ NDT PEALE, President. H W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.
r

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Laclede Gas Light Co. of St. Louis has
placed a contract with the II. Koppers Co., Chicago,
to erect a byproduct coke and gas oven
plant in St. Louis. The plant will consist of 56
ovens and will be completed within the next year.
Construction will begin at once.
Louisville, Ky.
The Indian Coal Mining Co., Lockport, Fa., is
making a new opening on its property near Bolivar.
Pa., on the Indiana county side of the Conemaugh
river.
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
FOR SALE
4,000 acres of tested coal property in a body in
Southern Ohio, on rail transportation Apply,
WILLIAM ALTON, JB., Bigeloyv Block, Chicago.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TKAHE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, In
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
Located in tlie famous Southern
Illinois Held, thoroughly tested and
of unsurpassed quality and quantity,
with excellent shipping facilities.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
k bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre IIante, lnd.
FOR SALE.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
FOR SALE.
We have in stock for immediate delivery, the
following hoisting engines:
4 Pairs of 8" x 10."
4 Pairs of 10" x 3 2."
4 Pairs of 12" x 16."
Write for prices and description.
THE EXETER MACHINE WORKS,
Pittston, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louisville
& Nashville It. It., at a bargain price
and on liberal terms, and if you mean
business, write me,
I. BAILEY,
Madison ville, Ky.
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
ohowing the location of the mines, and giving
ihe names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVIIXE, PA.

NEW POBLICATIONS BUREAU OF MINES.
(List IS—April, 1913).
BULLETINS.
Bulletin 48. Selection of explosives used in engineering
and mining operations, by Clarence Hall
and S. P. Howell. 1913. 50 pp., 3 ids., 7 figs.
Bulletin 55. The commercial trend of the gas
producer in the United States, by R. H. Fernald.
1913. 92 pp., 1 pi., 4 figs.
Bulletin 62. National Mine-Rescue and First-
Aid Conference, Pittsburgh, Pa., September 23-26,
1912, by H. M. Wilson. 1913. 74 pp.
TECHNICAL PAPEltS.
Technical Paper 38. Wastes in the production
and utilization of natural gas, and means for their
prevention, by Ralph Ai nold and F. G. Clapp. 1913.
29 pp.
Technical Paper 48. Coal-mine accidents in the
United Sattes, 1896-1912, with monthly statistics
for 1912, compiled by F. W. Horton. 1913. 72 pp.,
10 figs.
The Bureau of Mines has copies of these publications
for free distribution, but cannot give more
than one copy of the same bulletin to one person.
Requests for all papers cannot be granted without
satisfactory reason. In asking for publications
please order them by number and title. Applications
should lie addressed to the Director of the
Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.
Mine Inspector Richard Maize of the Twentieth
bituminous district, 0. M. Gillette, superintendent
of the Consolidation Coai Co. at Acosta, and Frank
Moors of Boswell, will hold examinations for mine
foremen in the K. G. E. hall at Somerset, Pa., on
May 6, 7 and 8, and for fire bosses on May 8. The
examinations v ill begin at 9 o'clock each morning.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
BRITISH COAL PRODUCTION IN 1912
WAS 9,000,000 TONS LESS THAN IN 1911.
An advance proof of the statistics dealing witli
work at mines and quarries during 1912 shows
that the output of coal from mines under the Coal
Mines Act was 260,567,552 tons, as compared with
271.87S.124 tons in 1911, says the Colliery Guardian.
The actual falling off in production is,
however, somewhat less than the figures indicate.
In previous years some owners have been in the
haldt of returning the gross weight sent out of
Ihe pit including dirt; this year the net output
of coal has been returned by these owners, who
istimate that the amount of dirt which would
have been included if the returns had been maae
in the same way as in previous years was 2,279,789
tons. The actual tailing off, therefore, of output
is 9,012.783 tons.
In all the districts there was a decline, with the
exception of South Wales, where there was an int
rease of G7.196 tons. The decreases were as follow:
Newcastle, 2,348,747 tons; Durham, 1,916,-
142 tons; Scotland, 1.685,970 tons; York and North
Midland, 1,620,793 tons; Midland and Southern,
547,242 tons; Manchester and Ireland, 497,682
tons; Liverpool and North Wales, 463,403 tons.
The number of persons employed at mines under
the Coal Mines Act was 1,089,16-5, an increase of
21,952. The decrease in the output of coal is at
the rate of 3.32 per cent.; and the increase in the
number of persons employed at mines under the
Coal Mines Act is at the rate of 2.06 per cent.
The annual meeting of the stockholder of the
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation will be
held in ibe Land Title building, Philadelphia, May
5, for the purpose of electing nine directors and
transacting other business.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
"ARGYLE"
SOUTH FORK,
SMOKELESS
C O ^ A V
PENNSYLVANIA.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
I Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
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5 MINKS, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. %
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GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXVIII PITTSBURGH, MAY 15, 1913 No. 12
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STBADB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are Invited.
All communications and iemittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PAKK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mall Matter.]
SOMEWHAT AXOMALOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IN THE
COAL TRADE just at this time, in that, while the
market is strong, and the stocks on hand are not
up to the average, and while prices are firm, yet
consumers are slow in making contracts, and are sure, as loaded cars already have congested some
inclined to hold off until after the close of the of the ports and necessitated the embargoes. One
first half of the year before they will commit
themselves to actual contractual relations with the
producers. All this tends to make the market con­
ditions better, as the visible supplies on hand are
lessening with each passing day and the time is
approaching when the making of new contracts
will be an absolute necessity. Therefore the
market, while it may be said to be a good one,
is nevertheless at somewhat of a standstill.
The labor situation is not of the best. While
the stoppages of work are almost entirely local,
yet they are annoying and are responsible for some
confusion and a lessening of production. In addi­
tion to this there is a scarcity of men in some of
the fields, and it is not infrequently that operating
concerns are reduced to the necessity of adver­
tising for men in order to keep their plants up
to the standard necessary to fulfill obligations.
The fact tnat the upper lake docks were almost
stripped clean of coal when the lake season opened
is now being brought home to the trade in full
force, and in consequence a strenuous effort is
being put forth to overcome that condition, with
the result that coal of all kinds is going forward
as rapidly as the producing companies are able to
procure bottoms. In this connection it may be
mentioned that there is a tendency on the part of
vessel owners to keep away from the coal cargoes,
in order to make quicker trips with down lake
cargoes of ore.
In the Pittsburgh district the conditions that
prevail are similar to those in other districts, with
this additional feature that lake shipments are
somewhat delayed by the car situation and the
lack of bottoms at lower lake ports. The ear
supply in reality is spotty, some instances being
reported where it is good and others where it is
not up to requirements. Embargoes at lake pons
have had something to do with this, in a mea­
of the features of the market just at this time is
the demand for slack, which is particularly good,
and which may be expected to be better as the
large fuel consumers get ready to take on their
last half tonnages. Prices in the district are
particularly firm, a phase of the situation that has
been marked during the whole of the present year,
and one that is more than pleasing to the pro­
ducer. In fact, Pittsburgh operators are begin­
ning to see daylight once more in the matter of
prices remaining far enough above the cost of
production to enable them to get a little profit
out of their mines. Prices are held strictly at
card figures, which are: $1.30 to $1.40 for run-of-
mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50 for three-quarter coal;
$1.50 to $1.60 for inch and one-quarter coal, and
slack at 90 to $1, with a steady demand for the
latter grade.
Coke manufacturers apparently are optimistic
over the iron and steel trade, for they are going
right ahead with their production, and it is keep­
ing up to or above the four hundred thhousand

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ton mark with a regularity that is gratifying to
the manufacturers, in more ways than one, the
principal one being that the price for the product
remains on a parity with the tonnage, the yield
being sufficient to guarantee that the manufacturer
is not making coke for the fun of it, and paying
lor that privilege in addition. Demand is strong,
and reports of inability to meet it have been heard,
but as there is some free coke being disposed of,
this report is more than liKely to show some
sporadic situations, rather than a general one.
Prices are equally as strong as the demand and
are $2.50 to $2.75 for furnace coke and *3.50 to
$3.75 for foundry coke.
The anthracite trade is being pushed for all it
is worth. Were it not for the nasty little button
strikes that are like a bumble bee buzzing around
and once in a while using its sting the present
season would be one of the best in the history of
the trade, and even with this annoyance it looks
as if the present month will make another new
record, when all the figures are at hand. The
news reports of the day show that some coal is
being stored by the producing companies, but
this is nothing out of the usual run of affairs, for
it is during the warm months that the companies
must prepare to take care of the big demand that
will come with the cold weather and which will
exceed the capacity of the mines to fill. Prices
are at the figures announced for the first of the
month.
» * *
PENNSYLVANIA'S LEGISLATURE HAS HAD BEFORE IT
considerable legislation relative to the mining in­
dustry of the state, some of which has been good
and some of which has been harmful. The legis­
lature has killed some of the harmful bills and
likewise has put the knife into some of the meri­
torious ones. In addition to this it has enacted
some of the pernicious measures, while others of
like import are now being passed. The new an­
thracite mine code, on which two reports were
made, has passed one of the houses, in the shape
the minority report recommended. If this gets
through the other house, in similar shape and fin­
ally becomes a law, it will add materially to the
cost of production and will put the anthracite
branch of the trade under heavy handicaps. It
remains to be seen what the other house will do.
IT EVIDENTLY IS THE DETERMINATION OF SENATOR
KEU.N of Indiana to probe the mining situation in
Vest Virginia as it existed previous to the inaugu­
ration of the strike to which Gov. Hatfield forced
an end a fortnight ago. He has announced his in­
tention, and is pushing the matter in every way he
possibly can. Representations have been made to
him concerning the situation that are but repeti­
tions of those investigated previously and found to
be without foundation, but, nevertheless, he gives
them credence. His actions have drawn some
rather warm replies from Gov. Hatfield, and if the
probe gets so far that witnesses will be called, just
watch for some fur flying when the Senator from
Indiana and the Governor from West Virginia
meet.
When Gov. Hatfield and Senator Kern get to­
gether, if they ever do, the conversation is not
likely to be similar to that of the Governor of
North Carolina and the Governor of South Caro­
lina.
* * *
Lake trade is on the jump these days. And the
jumps will become longer and the cadence quicker
as the warm weather comes and wanes.
• * *
The call of the open, both for miner and mine
owner is heard these days; but if heeded, 'tis
hard, cruel hard on tonnage.
* * *
Reports from the west indicate a big crop of
wheat. That is another indication of a big crop
of coal to move (he wheat.
* * *
With stocks of consumers low and prices high,
the coal mine owners looks on the silver lining
to the cloud just now.
• * *
Those button strikes need to be "buttoned up"
in order to prevent the mines from being tied up.
Secretary Runyan announces that the annual
convention of the Illinois and Wisconsin Retail
Coal Dealers' Association will be held at Chicago,
June 10 and 11.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
NEW RIVER MINERS ORGANIZE AND DRAFT POLICY ;
New River miners in convention at Charleston,
W. Va., May 10 and 12, formed a new district of
the United Mine Workers of America and drafted
a policy to further their organization, incorporat­
ing demands for better working conditior.s. Some
of the interests in New River have already granted
the more important of these demands. While
there was considerable radical feeling in the con­
vention strike talk was restrained and a policy
to wait and organize where possible was deter­
mined on.
The opening sessions of the convention were
addressed by International President John P.
White, Vice President Frank J. Hayes, Board Mem­
ber Thomas Haggerty, State Senator William
Green of Ohio, statistician of the International
union, and President Thomas Cairns of the West
Virginia miners.
Gov. Hatfield addressed the convention extemporaneously.
He was received and his remarks
were
RECEIVED WITH ENTHUSIASM
by the delegates. The Governor paid fitting tribute
to the men who toil—in mine, mill and shop.
He assured the delegates unequivocally that they
had nothing to fear from him as governor of the
state. "I exact but one thing," he said, "and
that is respect for the law." The Governor told
of his experience as a physician in the coal fields
and of his intimate knowledge of conditions in
those fields. "I know your wants," he said, "and
I have done nothing since my inauguration to prevent
you from getting what is yours, and I shall
do nothing of the kind during my four years' administration.''
Continuing, the Governor said in
part:
"I do not question your right to organize. The
physicians, the lawyers, and the mine owners organize;
and why should I question your right to
the same privilege? I am your governor, and I
prefer to be the laboring man's governor to any
other man's governor. And all that I ask of you
as your governor is regard for the legislative enactments
of this state and due respect to your
God. Do not regard me as an oppressor. Demand
your rights as men but do it in a legitimate
way, and you will have me as your governor to
protect you in securing those rights.
"Do not take the law into your own nands. If
you suffer from the oppressions of a stronger
hand,
AC-PEAL TO THE LAW.
1 know it has been said that the law is controlled
by certain class, but before God I tell you the interests
do not control me. Go about your work
deliberately, lawfully, manfully; demand your
rights, and you will achieve the victory.
"About the guard system—there is no necessity
for guards in West Virginia—or in any other state.
The mine-guard law is about to go into effect, and
I promise you that I will see that the statute is
absolutely and strictly adhered to and enforced.
In conclusion, go about your deliberations like
men. Do not put yourselves in the position of
lawbreakers. Do the right. If a strike is necessary,
and you act like men. you will have my protection."
On May 12 the convention adopted the following
policy and demands:
Charleston, W. Va., May 12, 1913.
Your committee on policy and resolutions submits
the following report:
We feel justified in congratulating each other
upon the success of this convention. The large
number of delegates in attendance, together with
the splendid spirit, determination and loyalty
manifested by each and all is a genuine surprise
no doubt to both friends and foes.
It is no ordinary matter which brings us here.
We fully comprehend the significance of this gathering,
the importance of whatever action may be
taken and what it means to each one of us participating
herein.
We have wrongs which must be righted and
grievances which must be heard and adjusted.
Our presence here is convincing evidence of the
universal dissatisfaction prevailing among the 15,-
000 Mine Workers of the
NEW RIVER AND WINDING GULF
coal fields, and while we are willing and ready to
mine coal, risk our lives and perform iur daily
tasks uncomplainingly, we claim the right to be
heard, to sell our labor collectively and to exercise
all the rights granted all other citizens of
West Virginia.
Immediately after the adjournment of the former
eonvention held at Montgomery. April 15,
1913, an invitation was sent to the coal operators
operating in the New River field, asking them to
meet representatives of their employes at this convention
for the purpose of adjusting grievances
and settling differences. Evidently they ignored
this invitation completely, for they did not reply
thereto either by letter or otherwise. Can the
refusal of our employers to hear our petitions,

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
meet us and listen to our complaints be approved
by public opinion? If we are acceptable and competent
to work and toil and undergo dangers in
their mines ougnt we not be accorded the privilege
of presenting our grievances and complaints?
Why will they not meet with us? Who is to
blame if a strike occurs, we who petition for a conference
and beg for a hearing so as to avoid a
conflict or our employers who refuse to even answer
an invitation to meet with us?
These are questions the Governor of West Virginia,
the authorities of the state and the great
American public will consider and answer.
But even though our employers have ignored our
invitation to meet with us, we will still continue
our efforts in behalf of industrial peace. We are
determined to use every honorable and legitimate
means at our command in our efforts to secure
recognition, and the exercise of our moral and
legal rights. We are for the preservation of
peace and the prosperity of our commonwealth.
For the accomplishments of these purposes and
the attainment of these ends we declare the following
policy:
1st. That
A NEW DISTRICT
composed of Mine Workers of the New River and
Winding Gulf territory lie created. That headquarters
at some convenient place be established
and maintained. That officers of this new district
be selected by this convention and that the
president of the United Mine Workers of America
be requested to grant a charter for this newly
created district and assign representatives of the
International organization to assist in the administration
of its affairs.
2nd. That we authorize the newly elected district
officers and the International officers of the
United Mine Workers of America to continue their
efforts to bring about a conference with the New
River and Winding Gulf coal operators and to use
every effort to bring about a peaceable settlement
of all matters complained of. We further authorize
them to call a strike, if after exhausting every
resource at their command, they fail to secure
redress and we assure them we will respond
unanimously whenever said call is made.
3rd. We ask for the following as a basis of settlement:
The right to elect and employ checkweighmen;
All coal to be paid for by weight at the standard
of two thousand pounds per ton and at a price to
be mutually agreed upon;
Semi-monthly pay;
A nine-hour work day;
The abolition of the Baldwin guards;
The right to buy our supplies where, when and
how we please;
THE EIGHT TO ORGANIZE
and to belong to an organization without discrimination
or discharge.
4th. That upon our return to our homes, we
pledge ourselves to carry out tlie declarations
herein made, relying upon the assurance given
by the International officers of the United Mine
Workers that full protection will be given and the
entire resources of the International organization
of the United Mine Workers will be employed to
safeguard the interests of any who may be discharged
or discriminated against.
L. C. ROGERS,
Z. W. CAMPBELL,
C. A. MCNEIL,
J. ,R. GILMORE,
M. E. COULTER,
Committee.
Following the adoption of the foregoing the convention
organized District No. 29, United Mine
Workers of America, by electing the following
officers: L. C. Rogers of Oak Hill, president; Z. W.
Campbell of Ansted, vice president; M. B. Coulter
of Eckles, secretary-treasurer; and R. D. White,
international board member. About 175 delegates
attended the convention, representing 52 mines.
NORFOLK AND WESTERN TONNAGE.
Below is statement of the coal and coke from
Norfolk & Western mines in the state of West Virginia
for the month of April, 1913:
N. &W. Trans. Tipple Total
Field. Coal. Coal. Coal. Coke.
Pocahontas . . . 861,724 13,947 S75.671 96,659
Tug River 183,995 2,498 186,493
Thacker 189.004 10,359 199,363
Kenova 48,839 5,042 53.8S1
Total 1,283,562 31.S46 1,315.408 96.659
In the suit of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. against
XV. Hamilton Brunt, executor of the will of the
late Francis L. Robbins, Helen Gill Robbins, Virgil
McDowell and James D. Hurd, involving the title
to a coal tract of 95 acres on the edge of Washington,
Pa,, Judge J. A. Mcllvan of the Washington
county, Pa., court, has handed down a decision
sustaining the deed by which Francis L. Robbins
transferred the coal to Virgil McDowell.
At Sandusky. Ohio, the coal shipping season has
been unusually busy in May. A night shift has
been maintained since the first in an effort to load
the boats waiting at the Pennsylvania docks. This
is the first time in history that it has been necessary
to put a night shift to work so early in the
season.

L
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
DEVELOPMENTS IN WEST VIRGINIA LABOR SITUATION
As anticipated in the May 1st issue of THE COAL
TRADE BULLETIN most of the strikers in the trouble
zone of Paint and Cabin Creeks and Coal River
resumed work promptly. Apart from the convention
of the New River miners May 10 and 12 the
chief developments have been the activities of
politicians at Washington discussing investigation
of labor conditions in the Kanawha strike zone
and further evidences of Gov. Hatfield's determination
to maintain order by suppressing wild
Socialistic publications and jailing their editors.
The agitation at Washington seems singularly out
of place when the mines have resumed under terms
accepted by the miners and indorsed by their International
union. Following are the developments
from day to day:
May 2 the military authorities moved the families
of miners who had returned to work into
houses at the mines, from the tents in which they
had been living. Gov. Hatfield announced he
would place a number of special guards in the
former strike zone to do police duty and that no
mine guards would be permitted to act as police.
He added that he could not and would not attempt
to prevent property owners employing persons to
guard their own properties. In the United States
Senate Senator John W. Kern of Indiana made a
statement he would press his proposed probe into
the pre-strike conditions in West Virginia.
May 3 Gov. Hatfield appointed as sole police
officers in the Cabin Creek district, Maj. James I.
Pratt, Deputy Sheriff Z. H. Trowbridge and John
Moore and they went on duty immediately, although
martial law still was in force.
May 4 Gov. Hatfield issued a statement anent
the proposed Kern probe, in which he took a hard
slap at the legislator. He said:
"I am informed that Senator Kern has made a
statement that peonage exists in West Virginia
and that Mrs. Mary Jones has been on trial before
a drumhead military court for the last 30 days.
"In reply to the senator's statement relative to
peonage, I wish to say that his allegation is a
fabrication out of the whole cloth. Mrs. Jones
is not now, nor has she at any time since her
arrest been in prison. She is being detained, and
is not in any way confined, at a pleasant boarding
house with a private family on the banks of the
Kanawha river at Pratt, W. Va.
"I do not intend to permit Mrs. Jones or any
other person to come into West Virginia and make
inflammatory speeches that have a tendency to produce
riot and bloodshed such as was experienced
under the administration of Governor Glasscock.
We have evidence in abundance to prove the class
of speeches made by Mrs. Jones and her co-workers
did bring about a riotous state which resulted
in murder and the destruction of property. We
have at least a dozen of the same class of people
confined in different jails of the state, some of
them guilty of murder, others guilty of aiding and
abetting by furnishing the necessary firearms and
ammunition with which to commit murder.
"The honorable body of which Senator Kern is
a member has a perfect right to investigate West
Virginia or any part of it. I shall be delighted
to have such an investigation and will use my
best efforts to aid the investigation cofmmittee
in any way I can, but Senator Kern must remember
that I am responsible to the people of West
Virginia for the maintenance of law and order,
and it will be maintained by me during my term
of office at any hazard, and when it becomes necessary
to detain or jail people to accomplish this
purpose it will be done unhesitatingly.
"The long drawn out strike on Paint and Cabin
creeks is at an end. Fewer than 50 people are
to-day without work in that section, and before
the middle of the week every one will have been
cared for.
"Such twisters of the truth as Senator Kern
seem to be largely responsible for these falsehoods
and misrepresentations which work untold
hardships upon those in office who have due respect
for law and order and who are trying to
carry out and maintain the principles of good
government.
"I note that one of the statements of Senator
Kern is to the effect that he knows positively that
one newspaper correspondent was ejected during
the trial of 'Mother' Jones and deported from the
state. I can use no better term and cannot express
myself more forcibly than to say that this
was a wilful and deliberate lie on the part of the
one who informed Senator Kern, and it would not
at all surprise me to learn that the senator knew
this to be the case when he made the statement."
May 5, Senator Kern repeated his determination
to force a probe.
May 7 and 6 "Mother" Jones who had been detained
in the military zone for several months
was in conference with Gov. Hatfield at Charleston.
May 7 Adjt. Gen. Elliott issued an order closing
all the saloons in the military district. When
martial law was first declared in the Cabin Creek
and Paint Creek districts the saloons were all
closed, but April 30' when the situation began to
clear up the ban was lifted. Following a num-

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ber of disturbances during the next few days, the
saloons were again closed.
May 8 attorneys representing all the coal companies
of Fayette county filed a petition with
Judge W. L. Lee, of the Fayette Circuit court, for
an injunction restraining the United Mine Workers
of America, both national and district organiaztion,
from in any way interfering with the men
in the employ of the coal companies. Judge Lee
was asked to grant a restraining order pending
the hearing of the case on its merits.
The United Mine Workers were alleged to be an
organization in restraint of trade, a trust and combination
and conspiracy and in violation of the
Sherman anti-trust law. Among those named as
defendants were President Thomas Cairns, Secretary
James Craigo and about 50 others. The attorneys
for the coal companies were Vinson &
Thompson of Huntington, Brooks, Jackson &
Knight of Charleston, and Dillon & Nuckolls of
Fayetteville.
It is reported that similar action will be taken
in other districts.
May 9 acting under Gov. Hatfield's orders, the
Huntington Socialist and Labor Star was confiscated
and five men, alleged to be connected with
the publication, were arrested on charges of inciting
to riot in connection with the coal miners'
strike. Those arrested were W. H. Thompson,
editor; F. M. Sturm, business manager; Elmer
Rumbaugh, George Gillespie and R. M. Kephart.
Capiases for the arrest of the men were issued
May 5, but were not served until May 9. Thompson,
editor of the paper, left the state May 3, following
the publication of an article attacking Gov.
Hatfield and the military authorities for the handling
of the strike in the Kanawha valley. He returned
May 8 and was arrested.
Rumbaugh was guarding the paper plant when
arrested and had several guns, but the militia had
no trouble in taking possession. Later in the day
Strum was released on the governor's order.
In reply to Senator Kern's declaration of May
9 to push his proposed probe. Gov. Hatfield May
10 said: "It is not expected that paid hirelings
and peanut politicians of the Kern variety will do
or say anything other than to reflect upon state
government and those in authority who believe in
law and order and who are trying to guarantee
to the citizenship peace and equity under the constitution
and statutes of our state.
"When Kern makes the statement that 1 have
exceeded my authority and adopted a lawless
course, he states what is untrue; when he makes
the statement that I have usurped the power of
the courts and sentenced people to prison after
court martial decision he again speaks falsely.
"Senator Kern's statements are not in keeping
with Jeffersonian principles of good government
and if the good citizens of this county knew the
real conditions that have confronted me and what
has been accomplished, bringing about peace out
of chaos, insurrection and revolution, I am sure
I would have their unanimous commendation with
knowledge of the facts; Mr. Kern should not make
the statements he does. If the good people of
West Virginia are to judge him by his utterance,
I am sure that they will unanimously be of the
opinion regardless of politics that he should lower
the political flag under which he is sailing and
raise in its stead the rag flag of anarcy and revolution,
which will surely come in this country if
such characters as he are placed at the helf of
our governmental affairs.
"I reiterate that I have no objections to an investigation
from any source."
May 11, Victor L. Berger, former Socialist member
of Congress from Milwaukee; Eugene V. Debs,
Socialist candidate for President, and Adolph Gernier
of Illinois were appointed a committee of the
Socialist party to investigate the conditions of
miners in West Virginia, and report to President
Wilson. The committee was named at a meeting
of the national committee of the Socialist party.
"Mother" Jones was permitted to leave West
Virginia with the understanding that she would
not return.
May 13 Gov. Hatfield declared that no more
cases will be tried by the military commission in
the martial law zone. "I shall turn over those
who violate tne law in the military district to the
civil authorities," declared the governor.
STATE TESTS NEW MINE HELMET.
Under direction of Chief Inspector of Mines
Davies. a half dozen deputy inspectors of Ohio
gathered at Columbus, during the fortnight, for
instructions and practical tests in the use of helmets
and other equipment recently purchased by
the state for use in case of disasters in mines.
A room in the mining department headquarters
in the annex to the statehouse has been made
practically airtight and it was filled with sulphur
fumes.
Donning the helmets designed to provide sufficient
oxygen for the existence of the "rescuers,"
deputy inspectors entered the room testing the
merits of the paraphernalia and at the same time
gaining experience in the use of the emergency
equipment which will be invaluable to them if
called into actual service in case of mine catastrophies.
Diamond drills are testing 18,000 acres of coal
near Rural, Pa., the property of the Greenwich
Coal Co.

ILLINOIS COMMISSION MAKES REPORT
ON STATE MINING LAWS.
The Mining Investigation Commission appointed
by Gov. Dunne of Illinois, under the provisions
of an act of the state legislature to investigate the
conditions in the coal mines of the state, has completed
its work and has made the following report
to the chief executive:
"In accordance with the provisions of the statute
creating it, the Mining Investigation Commission
of the state of Illinois begs leave to make the following
report:
"On July 1, 1911, there went into force in the
state of Illinois, a revised mining law, so changed
in its structure and content as to be practically
a new mining law.
"When the present commission came into existence,
the new law had been in force about one
and a half years, and, as it conceived its function,
its first iiuty was to conduct an inquiry into the
workings of the new law to ascertain, as far as
possible, how well it had accomplished its purpose,
and what improvements, if any, could be suggested.
"Accoidingly, the commission prepared a list
of questions calculated to elicit the fullest information
on the subject, and mailed it to the State
.Mining Board, the State Mine Inspectors, the United
Mine Workers, the Coal Operators' Association,
Mine Rescue Commission, and other parties and
persons likely to be interested.
"The oral and written suggestions which have
been presented for the improvement of the mining
law can be divided into three groups, as follows:
"First—Those that relate to new devices or new
explosives introduced into the mines since the
enactment of the present law.
"Second—Those that relate to improved provisions
for safety, which observation and experience
with the present law have suggested.
"Third—Those that relate to the administrative
features of the law, the constitution of the State
Mining Board, adequacy of provisions for enforcsment,
etc.
"Complaints had been made against the gasoline
motor that it generated an unwholesome and
offensive gas which made sick the workmen who
were forced t'o inhale it.
"The conclusion of the commission is that most
of the evils complained of result either from a
defective machine or an improper use of it; that
the gasoline motor is in an experimental stage,
and should be given its chance to make good; and
that the present law is adequate to cause its
exclusion from the mines if it proves to be injurious
to the men working therein. No additional
law, therefore, is recommended at this time.
"With respect to permissible explosives, the com­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
mission gave a thorough hearing to powder experts,
to members of the Powder Commissions of
the Miners and Operators, and tailed on the Federal
Bureau of Mines for assistance, which it rendered
by sending one of its officials, who gave valuable
counsel. The result of the commission's
labors on this subject is embodied in the bill on
permissible explosives.
"The consideration of additional provisions for
health and safety of workers in and about mines
occupied a large share of the commission's attention.
Additional provisions for health and safety
in the amendments transmitted are briefly summarized
and transmitted herewith, no amendment
of importance being omitted:
"(lj Hoisting ropes must be resocketed every
six months.
"(2) Cages must be 'safely' constructed, rather
than 'substantially' as heretofore.
"(3) Shaft gates must be of good, serviceable
construction for the purpose for which they are
intended.
"(4) Shaft landings where men are hoisted
'shall be kept free from loose material.'
"(5) Top buildings must be built 'of metal.
rock, clay, cement, clay or cement products,' instead
of previous indefinite wording 'fire-proof material.'
"(6) All lubricating oils shall be contained in
closed receptacles.
"(7) 'In the mine, oil shall not lie heated over
a fire or lamp.'
" ( 8 ) The provisions for ventilation is changed
to read: 'There shall be provided, supplied and
maintained an amount of air which shall not be
less than 100 cubic feet per minute for each person,'
and further
" (9) 'To conduct into the working places an
amount of air sufficient to render the working
places reasonably free from deleterious air of
every kind.
"(Hi) Cross-cuts must be not more than 60
feet apart.
"(11) 'All possible care and diligence shall be
exercised in the examination of working places.
especially for the investigation and detection of
explosive gases therein.'
"(12) Fans must be run day and night in all
mines where 100 or more men are employed. Recording
pressure gauges must be placed on all
fans.
"(13) The examiner must examine for dangerous
conditions instead of dangerous obstructions,
as formerly.
"(14) He must examine within 'eight' hours
of miners beginning work, instead of 'twelve'
hours as formerly; and must make his record with
an indelible pencil or with ink.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"(15) Examiners must pass examination in
first aid and mine rescue methods.
"(16) The state inspector must make personal
examination every six months.
"(17) 'Incompetency' is added as one of the
defects for which an inspector may be disciplined.
"(IS) The mine manager shall make a record
of 'unsafe conditions' in roadways leading to mine
exits, in addition to 'obstructions' as formerly.
"(19) He shall take 'every proper precaution
to advise' men whose places have been marked
by the mine examiner as unsafe'.
"(20) He shall see that dusty haulage roads
shall be 'sprayed, sprinkled, or cleaned' at regular
intervals, etc.
"(21) Bumpers must be placed on mine cars
for the safety of drivers.
"(22) Car couplings must be so attached as to
clear the ties and rails."
The amendments offered to "The Fire Fighting
Equipment" law, cover the following points:
"(23) Three fire extinguishers each holding
three gallons must be kept in each building located
within 100 feet of any shaft, drift or slope.
"(24) All drifts and slopes opened hereafter
must be of fire-proof construction for 300 feet from
tlie entrance.
"(25) Stables in mines opened hereafter 'shall
not be located between the main and escapement
shaft, or in direct line on the ventilating current,
or on passage ways leading to the escapement
shaft or shafts.'
"(26) The amendment to the act entitled,
'Shot Firers in Coal Mines' is only changed to say
that 'miners' shall be employed as shot firers instead
of 'men' as formerly; and adds the definition
of a 'dead hole' as it is given in the mining law
for the purpose of bringing it more pointedly to
the attention of the shot firer.
"It has been felt by the commission that the
uniformity and rigidity of a printed statute does
not furnish the elasticity required to fit the varying
demands of the mining industry in this state,
and much consideration was given to suggestions
for securing a great flexibility and efficiency of
administrative processes. A committee was appointed
to investigate the plan of the Industrial
Commission of Wisconsin, which laid before the
commission a comprehensive written report on
that plan.
"Proposals for reorganizing the State Mining
Board with a view to securing a high-class central
executive with adequate and commensurate salary
were discussed, but the present proposal in
the state legislature looking toward a consolidation
of the various boards and commissions of the
state, made it seem inadvisable at this time to
change tlie present constitution of the State Mining
Board.
"The result of its deliberations on the strengthening
of the adminstrative features of the mining
law are summed up in the following amendment
increasing the powers of the State Mining Board,
namely:
"(27) It 'shall have the power and shall in
person and through the State Mine Inspectors see
that all the provisions of the state mining law are
enforced.'
"The commission strongly recommends that the
salary of State Mine Inspectors be increased, believing
that this is imperative if the state is to
maintain a high standard of efficiency in its inspection
service. No change has heen made in
tne salary of inspectors in the past 30 years, and
this is a manifest injustice.
"Though authorization was given by the Fortyfirst
Session of the Legislature for the establishment
of mining institutes in Illinois, in order to
give assistance to men preparing themselves for
the examination required by the milling law, no
appropriation was made for carrying the law into
effect.
"In the absence of any permanent commission
or authority having power to meet important
changes that may take place in the industry, or
to make such other changes as experience may demand,
it is recommended that the Mining Investigation
Commission be continued.
"It is the same as the present bill in all particulars
save one. Whereas, under the present
bill the commission concludes its labors on the
submission of its report, the amendment provides
that:
" 'The duties and functions of said commission
shall cease and the terms of office of the respective
commissioners shall terminate upon the adjournment
of the Forty-second General Assembly.'
"The reason for this change is obvious. In the
event of controversies arising in the committees
of the Senate or House, or explanations being
needed of laws recommended, the commissioners
arc the most fit and proper persons to furnish
needed information or explanation, and it should
be made possible for them to furnish it.
"The commission has also had before it the
Miners' Qualification Act, which is a bill separately
introduced in the interest of the miners.
"This bill provides for a state board to test the
qualifications of men seeking entrance into mines
as coal miners, and to grant certificates to such
as are found to be competent. After due con^
sideration, the commission has unanimously approved
this bill and recommended its passage.
"In connection with this bill, the commission has
also approved and recommended the passage of a

companion bill which is intended to reimburse
the United Mine Workers' organization for moneys
advanced to make the present miners' qualification
act operative.
"Signed: Thos. Jeremiah, chairman, Willisvillc,
111.; James Forester, D. W. Buchanan, J. E. Williams,
H. H. Stoek, William Hall, William Hutton,
Ben Williams, secretary."
PREPARE MINE LAW REVISION BILL.
The legislature of 1911 provided for the appointment
of a commission to revise the law regulating
the operation of coal mines, says State Mine Inspector
D. C. Botting, of Washington, in his report
for 1912, the commission to consist of one coal mine
operator, one mining engineer, two practical coal
miners and the state coal mine inspector. The
first four named to be appointed by the governor
and the fifth was a member ex-officio.
The following were appointed by Gov. M. E.
Hay: Coal mine operator, F. A. Hill, Seattle;
mining engineer, J. B. Warriner, Tacoma; miners,
George Temperly, Roslyn, and Peter McLean, Wilkeson;
and state mine inspector, D. C. Botting,
Seattle.
After the commission had held two meetings,
Mr. McLean was taken seriously ill and at his
request further meetings were postponed. He
finally resigned and Frank Bennett, of Roslyn,
was appointed to fill the vacancy. Mr. Warriner
resigned, Octolier, 1912, and C. R. Claghorn, E. M.,
was appointed in his place.
This commission has endeavored to compile a
code that wiil work out along practical lines, and
it is to be hoped that the members of the 1913
legislature will include it among the laws passed.
It has been prepared after careful study and the
members of the commission are certain that in
placing it on the statutes, the safety to life, limb,
health and property of men engaged in this industry
will be greatly enhanced.
Eastern Men Buy Arkansas Coal.
Eastern men have finished negotiations for the
purchase of 20 coal mines in the Spadra field of
Arkansas, for consolidation. The transfer involves
$2,000,000. Through a system of immense
storage yards to be located in Kansas City, St.
Louis and other large cities, mines will be kept
running at, full blast the entire year.
The McAleer bill, relating to the drilling of oil
and gas wells through coal veins, was dropped
from the Pennsylvania House calendar 'May 7,
after unexpected opopsition had been developed.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
NEW TYPE OF MINE SAFETY LAMP IS
BEING TESTED BY H.C FRICK COKE CO.
For the purpose of demonstrating a safety lamp
and showing its safety and practicability for use
in mines, a German firm has equipped the entire
plant of the H. C. Frick Coke Co. at Continental
No. 1, having installed 280 lamps to give complete
illumination. This is one of the biggest
enterprises of the kind ever attempted in the coke
region.
Moreover this is the first demonstration this
company has made in America. It is claimed
this lamp gives three times the illumination of the
Wolf safety lamp; which is the kind mostly used
in the coke region. One great advantage claimed
for the new lamp is an added factor of safety over
any other lamp that has ever been demonstrated.
There is an outer and inner lamp with a device
to close the electric current automatically with the
breaking of the outer lamp. This device seems
to work so perfectly that danger is almost entirely
eliminated.
The cost of installing these lamps is greater
than that of putting in the Kind generally used
in that region, but it is claimed that the upkeep
is as cheap. The new lamps are charged in seven
to 12 hours and after being charged will burn
16 hours.
The installation has been accomplished to such
an extent that the system is now ready for inspection
and it is proposed to invite mining men
of the Connellsville region to see the improvement.
Mr. Thomas Lynch, president of the H. C.
Frick Coke Co., and Mr. W. H. Clingerman, general
superintendent, looked over the new system
the first of the week. Superintendent XV. C. Mullan
and other officials at Continental have been
well pleased so far and all mining men agree that
the advantages of a better light are inestimable.
Mr. William Domnich, of New York, is in charge
of the demonstration and Caretaker Esterhoff
was sent on direct from the factory.
Mr. Domnich says that his company will either
sell the lamps direct to the mine owner, rent them
the lamps, or furnish them charged, cleaned and
ready to go in at so much per day.
Continental No. 1 mine was designated by Chief
Mine Inspector Austin King as a favorable place
for the demonstration.
Secretary of the Interior Lane has recommended
tnat more than 300,000 acres in South Dakota, previously
withdrawn from entry to be classified as
either coal or non-coal land, be restored to entry.
The land restored is a part of a tract, much of
which was found by the Geological Survey to be
coal bearing.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SAFEGUARDING THE USE OF ELECTRICITY IN MINES*
Iii connection with the use of electricity in mining
work there are three possible dangers—shocks,
fires and explosions. The electrical accidents that
occur most frequently are shocks. The conditions
under ground are peculiarly favorable to the occurrence
of such accidents. One can scarcely imagine
conditions that are more conducive to the
occurrence of electric shocks than the intimate
association of bare conductors with many more or
less untrained men standing upon the ground, or
upon track rails, in limited spaces that are damp,
dusty and poorly lighted.
Trolley wires in mines present the most fruitful
sources of electric shocks. Tiolley wires are
necessarily bare conductors that extend tor long
distances through a mine. They are olten installed
less than a man's height abo\ e the track
rail that is used as part ot the return circuit, and
they are often installed in this manner in places
where men must work in making up trips (trains)
of cars, as for instance, at points where loaded
tiips are brought by electric locomotives lo the
loot of a rope haulage system.
Another source of danger from electric shock is
the accidental charging of parts of equipment thai
are not supposed to carry electric shock. Shocks
of this character are obtained most frequently fiom
the frames of coal-cutting machines. The flames
of locomotives become charged to tlie same potential
as the trolley wire, if, while the motor or headlights
are in operation, the locomotive loses its
ground by reason of oversanding or for any other
cause. Under such circumstances a very severe
shock can be obtained between the locomotive
frame and the ground.
The danger from fires caused by elctricity arises
principally from defective installation and careless
up-keep, or from injuries to equipment resulting
from falls of roof or similar causes. A short
circuit or ground that does not blow the circuit
breaker or the fuses may produce heat enough to
start a fire by leaking across coal or timbering.
The blowing of an open fuse may be accompanied
by sufficient heat to ignite
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL
that is close to the fuse. The presence of inflammable
material around electric motors or starting
rheostats may prove to be a source of trouble. Incandescent
lamps produce heat enough to ignite
combustible material if the dissipation of heat
*Paper presented at the Pittsburgh Meeting of the American
Institute of Electrical Engineers, Pittscurgh, Pa. April
18-19. 1913.
By H. H. Clark (
from tlie bulbs of such lamps is allowed to become
restricted.
Explosions may be caused by the ignition of explosives,
mine gas or coal dust. Accidents due
to the ignition of explosives by electricity may be
divided into two classes—those that occur while
handling and transporting explosives near electric
circuits and those that are incident to the detonation
of explosives by electrical means.
As to accidents ot the first class (with a single
exception mentioned hereafter) electricity is no
more of a menace than any other source of ilame
or heat, but it is just as great a menace and should
be treated accordingly. As much care should be
used in handling explosives in the vicinity of electrical
apparatus as though the flashes and sparks
that it is capable of giving were constantly in evidence.
.Any source of heat may attar 1 - an explosive from
ihe outside, but electricity may, under certain conditions,
do more than that. An explosive that
Is a conductor of electricity may come in contact
v. ith an electric circuit in such a way that current
may be passed through the explosive itself, and although
no spark may occur outside the package
containing the explosive ignition may take place
c n the inside. The possibility of such an occurrence
may seem to be extremely remote, but accidents
have been reported fcr which no other cause
could be assigned, and in which the existence of
the above conditions was quite probable.
Since the drawbars of mine cars are electricallyconnected
throughout the length of the trip it foliows
that whenever the locomotive loses its ground
all the drawbars are raised to the potential of the
trolley wire, unless some of the drawbars are in
contact with the car axles or some of their connections.
If the drawbars of a car loaded with
metallic packages of explosives were raised to the
trolley wire potential it can be easily imagined
that the bolts of the car axles could berome connected
to the drawbar in such a way that the current
would flow through the packages and possibly
through the explosive itself.
The accidents that occur in connection with electrical
shot firing are largely due to the accidental
discharge of detonators in the
VICINITY OF EXPLOSIVES
or to the premature ignition of shots after the
holes are charged.
With regard to the accidental discharge of detonators
in the vicinity of explosives; it is a cardinal
principle of safety that detonators should be

kept separate from explosives, and that batteries
and other sources of electric energy should be kept
separate from detonators.
With regard to the premature ignition of shots;
it is not the best practice to shoot electrically under
conditions that require one side of the detonating
circut to be connected to the earth, because
wherever grounded systems of distribution are
used unexpected differences of potential exist in
the earth in the vicinity of such circuits. If,
therefore, one side of the detonator be purposely
grounded, an accidental ground on the other side
of the detonator may connect it across a potential
sufficient to cause ignition. Premature ignitions
have been reported which seemingly have been
caused by the conditions just described.
Electric sparks will ignite mine gas and air mixtures
that contain between 5.5 and 12.5 per cent.
of gas (methane). Between these limits (which
are rather widely separated) a comparatively small
spark is sufficient to ignite the gaseous mixture.
For all practical purposes it is safest to assume
that all sparks that occur around such electrical
apparatus and circuits, as are used for power and
lighting in a mine, are capable of igniting gas.
The study of the ignition of coal dust by electric^
arcs and electric flashes has been undertaken and
carried on to some extent by European investigators.
The results of their experiments indicate
that electric flashes can ignite coal dust suspended
in the atmosphere. The Bureau of Mines is now
at work upon a similar investigation, which has
not. however, progressed far enough to permit of
the publication of results.
Underground electrical installations are surrounded
by many more trouble-causing factors than
are met with above ground. Falls of roof sufficient
to wreck trolley lines and feeder systems
are of frequent occurrence. Dampness, dust and
acid water in sufficient
QUANTITIES TO HE DETRIMENTAL
to insulation are not uncommon. Some or all
of these conditions must usually be considered in
selecting mine electrical equipment. Apparatus
that might operate satisfactorily in the absence
of these elements will fail when they are present.
The space available for installing and operating
underground electrical equipment is usually limited,
thus increasing the chances for accidental
contact with the live parts of the electrical system.
Another factor that will appeal especially
to those not accustomed to underground work' is
the lack of light. Not only has this condition a
direct bearing upon the accidental contact with the
electrical apparatus, but it also has an undesirable
indirect influence, because of the difficulties that
it places in the way of properly installing and inspecting
equipment.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
As compared with electrical installations above
ground, those underground are temporary in character.
Circuits and machines are put in place
with the certain knowledge that sooner or later
they must oe removed and installed elsewhere.
There is also a good deal of portable pumps, coalcutting
machines and drills. It is, therefore clear
that the economical investment in installation is
limited to a far greater extent than it would be
upon the surface where equipment is usually permanently
installed. This condition increases the
natural difficulties of maintaining underground
electrical equipment in a condition that is absolutely
safe, but it has often occurred to the writer
that one of the factors that has been most influential
in delaying improvement in underground electrical
conditions is the fact that the electrical
dangers contribute only a small percentage to the
annual death rate in mines. As an illustration;
statistics show that less than 3 per cent, of the
men killed in and about the coal mines of the
United States during the first eight months of the
year 1912 met their death as the result ofelettrical
causes. It is not that the number of men
annually killed in mines by electricity is not undesirably
great, but that the number of men killed
underground by other causes is so much greater
that it quite overshadows the
ELECTRICAL DEATH ROLL.
If the thirty-seven men who were killed by electricity
in and about the coal mines of the United
States during the first eight months of 1912 had
been the only ones killed in connection with the
mining industy, effective measures to improve the
electrical conditions underground would no doubt
have been taken immediately.
The problem of safeguarding electric mine equipment
is not a simple one, and at first glance involves
so many considerations as to appear hopelessly
confusing. A logical first step in improvement
of underground conditions would be to remove
or to counteract as many unfavorable conditions
as may be thus disposed of. As previously
stated, scanty light, limited space, and the presence
of dust and dampness are underground conditions
that are favorable to tne occurrence of electrical
accidents. The influence of the first of these
may be eliminated by providing lights at particularly
dangerous places, such as partings and crossovers.
If electric wires are a source of danger
at such places they can also be made a source of
light to reduce that danger. Although it may be
impracticable to eliminate entirely the effect of
limited space, this condition may be counteracted
by the erection of guards about apparatus. Dust
and dampness are elements that can hardly be separated
from the operation of a mine; in fact, the
presence of dampness is often desirable to offset the

32
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
effect of dust. It is possible, however, to provide
apparatus so designed and installed as to resist
the action of dust and dampness and the more
generous the factor of safety included in such design
and installation the greater will be its resistance
to undesirable influences.
The problem of safeguarding may be divested
of some of its vagueness and put in concrete form
by considering that if the electric current can be
kept where it belongs—in the conductors designed
to carry it—it cannot give shocks, set fires, or
ignite gas, dust or explosives. Electricity becomes
actively dangerous only when it breaks away
from its proper channels in stray currents or as
sparks and arcs. So far as stray currents are
concerned, the confinement of electricity in its
proper place is primarily a question of insulation,
a term that includes the covering of conductors.
the insulators upon which they are supported, and
the insulating material used in motors and accessory
equipment.
It is sometimes argued that the insulating coverings
of conductors deteriorate so rapidly that they
provide an added element of danger, because they
give a false impression of safety. This argument
cannot be regarded as universally applicable because
its truth depends upon the
KIND OF INSULATION
used and the conditions of service. If bare
conductors are used, they should be well installed
and to some extent at least guarded, in order to
confine the current. With the possible exception
of high voltage cables, all conductors, bare or insulated,
should be supported upon insulators that
are mechanically strong as well as electrically
efficient. If bare conductors are used, confinement
of the current depends entirely upon the insulators.
Moreover, dampness and dust can come into
direct contact with the wire, a condition not consistent
with the highest factor of safety.
In order to insure a high factor of safety in the
insulation of motors and other electrical machines.
they must be carefully selected with a view to
the service that they are to perform. They must
then be protected from moisture and dust, unless
such protection is inherent in their design. Care
in this respect will be rewarded not only by increased
safety, but also by decreased cost of upkeep.
It must be admitted that the electric current can
not be kept where it belongs in the sense of eliminating
entirely such sparks and arcs as occur
at fuses, circuit breakers, air-break switches, starting
rheostats and the commutators of direct-current
machines. In this connection the factor of
safety must be applied by arranging to confine the
outbursts of current to a limited area unoccupied
by anything that may be affected by heat or fire.
Assuming that in the installation and insulation
of electrical equipment care has been exercised to
insure the proper confinement of the current, the
factor of safety may be increased by grounding the
dead metallic parts of apparatus, by providing
means for insulating the bodies of those who work
upon such apparatus, and by barring from tbe
vicinity of the current such slements as are explosive
or combustible.
It is as important to maintain a high factor of
safety as to obtain it in the first place and such
maintenance calls for careful and
FREQUENT INSPECTION
by the mine electrician, whose responsibility
can scarcely be overrated. The supervision of
the electrical equipment of a mine is a task that
requires unusual ability, sound judgment, and experience
of a peculiar sort. To select suitable
apparatus, to install it properly, and to maintain
it free from interruption of service at a minimum
cost demands ability. The requirements of safety
add a further load of responsibility. It seems to
the writer that the electrician holds the key to the
problem of safeguarding the use of electricity in
mining work. The electrician is the man that
deals with the problem at the closest range and in
the position of greatest advantage to observe dangers,
to correct improper conditions, and to maintain
a suitable factor of safety. The power to
truly and effectively safeguard the use of electricity
in mines rests more with him than with
any other one man.
By the way of summary there are offered the
following suggestions for reducing the number of
accidents due to the use of electricity in mines:
1. Remove contributory causes.
2. Remove from the vicinity of electrical apparatus
all elements susceptible to its influence (gas,
dust, explosives combustible material, etc.)
3. Keep the electric current where it belongs.
4. If, under certain circumstances, the current
cannot be entirely confined, at least limit tbe area
of its activity by using protective devices.
5. Insure a high factor of safety by (a) selecting
material and apparatus with care; (b) installing
equipment in a strictly first class manner; (c)
inspecting equipment frequently and thoroughly;
(d) maintaining it in good condition at all times.
In the foregoing, electricity has been discussed
as a menace to life and property. There are. however,
some ways in which it seems possible for electricity
to decrease the risks now attendant upon
mining work. There is one piece of electrical
equipment that may almost, be considered as a
safety device and there arc three others that by
substitution for more dangerous equipment and
methods promote the safety of underground workers.

First may be mentioned the telephone, which is
of use in spreading the news of trouble, in callingaid
to the injured, and in
ASSISTING IN MINE RESCUE
work after disasters. Next may be mentioned
portable electric lamps for use of miners. The
development of such lamps is just beginning in
the United States. At the date of this writing no
device has been fully developed and standardized
for insuring absolute freedom from gas ignition
by lamps of this sort. There can be no doubt,
however, that in the near future some such device
will be developed and the electric lamp
then becomes safer than the locked safety lamp.
although it has not the latter's ability to detect
the presence of explosive gas. The statement that
the electric lamp may be made safer than the
safety lamp is based upon tne fact that the parts
of a safety lamp may be improperly arranged and
ignition of gas occur as the result. The records
show that this has happened on more than one
occasion.
The greatest benefits to be derived from the
electric lamp as a safety device will be had in
those mines where the electric lamp supplants the
open flame lamp and thereby eliminates a real fire
hazard.
Next may be mentioned the firing of shots by
electrical means. There can be no doubt that the
firing of shots by properly designed and operated
electrical shot firing devices and equipment is
safer than firing shots by fuses or other devices
that ignite explosives by means of sparks or flames.
Finally, it may be suggested that electricity may
partially do away with its own greatest danger
by substituting storage battery locomotives for
gathering locomotives operated from trolley wires.
Although main line haulage by storage battery locomotives
can hadly be advocated at present, the
gathering of coal by storage battery locomotives
seems, in many instances, to be a feasible proposition.
The use of storage battery locomotives
would entirely do away with the trolley wire from
a large part of the mine entries that are now provided
with this dangerous equipment. In addition
to the greater degree of safety assured, storage
battery locomotives would be more flexible to
operate than are cable reel locomotives. The load
factor on the generating station would be materially
improved, satisfactory voltage regulation
of the distributing system could be obtained with
less copper, and the expense of installing and
maintaining trolley wire ancl rail bonding would
be eliminated in the entries worked by storage battery
locomotives.
The stockholders of the Pennsylvania Coal &
Coke corporation have re-elected the old directors.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES FOR
PENNSYLVANIA CERTIFICATES.
The following is the list of those who successfully
passed examinations for mine foremen and
assistant mine foremen certificates:
Eighteenth Anthracite District—Mine foremen—
John Gardnier and Joseph Garland, Lansford;
David Newton and T. H. Newton, Summit Hill;
Burk Hanney and T. J. Evans, Coaldale, and Conrad
Dresch, Mahanoy City.
Assistant Mine Foremen—H. Reese and T. P.
Evans, Tamaqua; Bernard Sharp, W. P. Davidson,
D. J. Willinagham, W. E. Watkins, S. Watkins
and E. C. Boyle. Lansford; Charles Rotette, S. Morgan,
J. Pisko and J. Rohn, Silver Creek; James
Whalen and T. J. Kennedy, Tuscarora; Zello Davis,
H. A. Houser and D. J. Young. Summit Hill; T. J.
Weston, Coaldale; Evan Jones. P. Bonner and T.
Dalley, Seek; Morgan D. Morgan. J. Bressler, C.
Maloney and William Bittler, Oneida; F. Burns,
Sheppton; D. Brenneman, Morea; E, J. Hill, Andenreid;
H. Devaney, Broad Mountain; S. Howath
and A. Poptula, McAdoo.
A large barn at the Vigilant mine of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co., at Coal Center, Pa., was destroyed
by fire at an early hour May 7. All the mules
and horses were rescued. The cause of the fire
is unknown. The damage is estimated at $5,000.
The fan house at the Florence mine at Martin's
Ferry, O., was burned May 9, entailing a loss
of $2,000. Four hundred miners will be thrown
out of work for two weeks. The cause of the fire
is unknown.
The river tipple of the Mongah mine of the
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.,
at Monongahela, Pa., collapsed May 3. and will
have to be entirely rebuilt if it is to be used to
load craft.
The engine house and railroad locomotive belonging
to the Glen White Coal & Lumber Co., at
Glen White, Pa., were burned by an incendiary
fire recently, causing a loss of $5,000, partly insured.
Fire damaged the Ingle Coal mine at Evansville,
lnd., to the extent of $12,000 May 4. The
fire is supposed to have been caused by an explosion.
The coal tipple and several houses of the Bando
Coal Co.. near Rockwood, Pa., were burned recently,
with a loss of about $3,000.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SAMPLING OF COAL DELIVERIES AND TYPES
OF GOVERNMENT SPECIFICATIONS FOR
THE PURCHASE OF COAL.
Large users of coal will be interested in Bureau
of Mines Bulletin No. 63, "Sampling of Coal Deliveries,
and Types of Government Specifications for
the Purchase of Coal," which has just been issued.
Tne Federal Government, which purchases $8,000,-
000 worth of coal annually, buys more than half
of it under specifications and has gone deeply into
the question of sampling and analyzing coal.
George S. Pope, the engineer in charge of such
investigations and the author of the bulletin, makes
the following statements:
To determine with utmost accuracy the ash content
and heating value of a quantity of delivered
coal would require the burning of the entire quantity,
and special apparatus arranged to measure the
total heat liberated, or would require crushing the
whole quantity, and reducing it by an elaborate
scheme of successive crushings. mixings and fractional
selections to portions weighing approximately
1 gram, the minute quantity which the
chemist requires for each determination. Either
of these procedures is obviously impracticable if
the coal is to be used for the production of heat
and power.
The method actually employed is to select portions
from all parts of a consignment or delivery
of coal and to systematically reduce the gross sample,
obtained by mixing these portions, to quantities
that the chemist requiies for making ash determinations
or that can le burned conveniently
in the calorimeter, an apparatus for determining
the heating value. The gross sample should be
so large that the chance admixture of pieces of
slate, bone coal, pyrite, or other impurities in an
otherwise representative sample will affect but
slightly the final results. Increasing the size of
the gross sample tends toward accuracy, but the
possible increase is limited by the cost of collection
and reduction. In reducing the gross sample by
successive crushings and halvings or fractional
selections, the object is to procure a small laboratory
sample that, upon analysis, will give approximately
the same results as the gross sample itself,
or, in fact, the entire quantity of coal from which
the gross sample was obtained.
Recognizing the importance of the method of
sampling as being a definite commercial procedure
and of having the method clearly set forth in the
specifications to become a part of the contract, and
recognizing also the desirability of insuring uniformity
and similarity in tlie specifications used
by the different branches of the Federal service
for the purchase of coal, representatives of the
executive departments and independent establishments
of the Government held a conference under
the auspices of the Bureau of Mines in February,
1912. for the purpose of discussing these and other
features of the specifications. At this conference
committees were appointed to prepare specifications
in accordance with the views of the members. It
was recognized at the conference that in general
specifications, such as were recommended, certain
requirements had to be of wide application, as the
specifications cover such a wide variety of conditions,
not only as to character and quality of coal
but as to type of furnace equipment, size of deliveries,
methods of delivering, etc.
The specifications which were used for the purchase
of coal on the heat-unit basis prior to the
fiscal year 1912-13 were on the B.t.u. (British thermal
unit) "as received" basis; that is, payment for
delivered coal was directly affected by the moisture
content of the sample received by the laboratory.
This method was based on the assumption that the
moisture in the samples collected at the time of
weighing and delivery could be preserved with
slight loss during the storing and subsequent working
down of the gross sample to a quantity convenient
for transmittal to the laboratory and in
its later treatment in the laboratory. From experiments
that have been made and from a large
mass of data, it is known that the moisture content
of coal does not remain constant, and that the
moisture content reported by the laboratory may
be as much as 5 to 10 per cent, lower than that
actually contained in excessively wet or high-moisture
coal at the time of weighing.
* * * As a sample loses moisture, its B.t.u. "as
received" value correspondingly rises, with the
result that the price for delivered coal determined
on the "as received" value is, with rare exceptions.
higher than that warranted by the quality of the
coal at the time of weighing. As a general statement,
payment based on the "as received" B.t.u.
value will be higher than warranted, unless the
sampling and laboratory v ork can be carried on
under conditions that minimize moisture loss, as
under freezing temperatures.
Recognizing the uncertainty involved in taking
the moisture determination in the laboratory as
representative of the moisture content of the delivered
coal and the consequent possibility of payment
of a higher price than is warranted, the
Bureau of Mines recommended to the executive
departments and independent establishments of the
Federal service that the heating value in the coal
specifications for the fiscal year 1912-13 be on the
"dry coal" basis.
In preparing these specifications the fact was
recognized that the amount of moisture contained
in coal produced from day to day frcm the same
mine, or group of mines working the same bed,
is largely accidental, and is a matter over which

the buyer and seller have only slight control.
However, in order to place a negative value on
high-moisture coals and to protect the Government
against the delivery of coals containing excessive
amounts of moisture, the specifications require the
bidders to specify the maximum moisture content
in coal offered. This value becomes the standard
of the contract.
If coal of uniform B.t.u. "dry coal" value is delivered
on a contract, the contractor receives the
advantage on any delivery in which the moisture
content approaches the maximum specified, because
he is paid for the weight of water contained in the
coal in excess of a normal amount, whereas if the
coal is very dry, containing less than the normal
amount of moisture, the purchaser receives the
advantage.
* * * as an example of the effect of a heavy rain
on a car of coal in transit, a precipitation of 3
inches of water on a loaded 50-ton car, area of top
about 360 square feet, would increase the weight
of the coal 5.01 per cent., provided none of the
water drained out or evaporated. It is obvious
that if this coal is weighed and delivered immediately,
special samples for moisture determinations
should be collected and prepared at once and
sent to the laboratory, as a basis for equitable adjustment
of payment on account of the excessive
amount of water in the coal. As the weight of the
coal was increased by the excess water, there
should be a corresponding decrease in the price to
be paid.
If a railroad car or wagon so rained on should
not .be unloaded immediately after weighing and
special moisture samples should not be properly
collected, prepared and sent hermetically sealed
to the laboratory, it is obvious that the purchaser
would pay a higher price than warranted, especially
if the car or wagon stood for some time before
sampling and some of the water drained out.
Further, if the coal was not immediately unloaded
and sampled or if the car continued in transit
after weighing, then the coal at the top would
soon dry; and in either case the effect of the 3-inch
rainfall, as indicated by the analysis, might be
only a fractional percentage of the moisture contained
in the coal at the time of weighing.
The determination of the moisture of coal delivered
from stock piles is often of great importance,
for the proportion of moisture contained in
the small sizes, which are most abundant near
the center of a stock pile and which absorb the
rains, and melting snows in districts of heavy
snows, may be from 10 to 15 per cent, higher than
when stocked. It is apparent, therefore, that
special moisture sample determinations are necessary
for equitable adjustment of payment on
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
amount of excessive moisture in coal which is
stocked in piles exposed to the weather.
The specifications provide for the collection of
"special moisture samples" if, in the opinion of
the Government officials sampling it, the delivery
contains moisture in excess of that guaranteed by
the contractor. The "special moisture samples"
are prepared in a manner to minimize moisture
losses and may be taken and prepared independently
of the gross samples collected for the determinations
of heating value (B.t.u.), ash, and other
specified data. If the analysis of the special sample
shows a moisture content in excess of the contractor's
guaranty, a proportionate deduction is
made from the price to be paid for the coal.
Copies of this bulletin may be obtained by addressing
the Director, Bureau of Mines, Washington,
D. C.
ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS FOR APRIL.
The shipments of anthracite by companies for
the month of April, as compared with 1912, were:
1913. 1912.
Philadelphia & Reading 1,1S0,115 31,324
Lehigh Valley 1,149,896 4,840
Central Railroad of N. J 738,579 58
Dela., Lackawanna & West. 861,078 112,858
Delaware & Hudson 561,700
Pennsylvania 585,472 49,687
Erie 672,386 67,798
Ontario & Western 216,963 60
Totals 5,966,189 266,625
The shipments for the year, as compared with
1912, were:
Month. 1913. 1912.
January 6,336,419 5,763.696
February 5,674,169 5,875,968
March 4,909,288 6,569,687
April 5,966,188 266,625
May 1,429,357
June 6,191,646
July 6,285,153
August 6,576.591
September 5,876,496
October 6,665,321
November 6,165,536
December 5,944,106
Totals 22,886,065 63,610,578
The bill to tax anthracite 1% Per cent, ad valorem
for state purposes and to return one-half
of the tax to the county where the anthracite is
mined, has passed the Pennsylvania house of representatives.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
HOW HEADS OF STATE
INSPECTION SERVICE ARE CHOSEN
Mr. James E. Roderick, chief ot the Department
of Mines of Pennsylvania, in a recent address
before the Senate and House committee on Mines
and Mining in support of the proposed new anthra­
cite code told how the heads of the mine inspec­
tion service and the inspectors were chosen in the
different states and the qualifications necessary.
The choice is made thus:
ALABAMA.
The governor appoints the chief mine inspector
and associate mine inspectors. The chief mine
inspector designates the districts.
Qualifications: Candidates must possess a mine
foreman's certificate and have had five years' experience
as a miner, and be at least 25 years of
age.
COLORADO.
The governor appoints a hoard of examiners
who examine the applicants and report to the governor
those deemed qualified for inspectors, and
the governor commissions those best qualified.
Qualifications: Candidates must have had at
least five years' experience in tlie mines of Colorado
and eight years' practical expei ience in the
workings oi mines in tlie United States, and lie
at least 30 years of age.
ILLINOIS.
The governor appoints a state milling board who
certify to the governor the names of all candidates
who have received a rating above the mini­
mum fixed by the board, and the governor then
commissions an inspector for each district.
Qualifications: Candidates must be at least 30
years of age. citizens of Illinois', and must have
had a practical mining experience of 10 years.
INDIANA.
Tlie governor appoints the chief inspector and
one? deputy inspector, who, with tlie consent of tho
chief inspector, appoints the district inspectors.
Qualifications: Candidates must have had at
least 10 years' practical experience in coal mining.
IOWA.
The governor appoints an executive council, who
appoints an examining board. The examining
board examines all applicants and reports to the
governor those qualified. The governor then commissions
those recommended by the beard.
Qualifications: Twenty-five years of age, citi­
zen of Iowa and shall have had at least five years'
experience in the practical working of mines.
KANSAS.
The State Association of Miners elects a secretary
of mine industries, who acts ex-officio as
slate mine inspector. By the consent of the execu­
tive council, consisting of the president, vice
piesident and secretary of the Slate Association
ol Miners, tlie mine inspector, elected as above,
may appoint one deputy inspector for each district.
KENTUCKY.
The governor appoints a board of trustees of
State College, who select a dean of the course of
mining engineering as chief inspector. The
hoard of examiners recommend to tiie governor
the applicants qualified for inspector and the governor
then commissions one inspector for each district.
Qualifications: Five years' experience in coal
mines.
MARYLAND.
The governor appoints tlie state mine inspector.
Qualifications: Candidates musl lie at least 30
years of age and must have Had live years' practical
experience as a miner.
MICH WAN.
The governor appoints a commissioner of labor
who appoints tlie coal mine inspector.
MISSOURI.
Tlie governor appoints a state mining board
who passes on tlie qualifications of applicants fur
tlie office ot inspector. From those reported as
qualified the governor commissions the inspectors.
Qualifications: Candidates must be citizens of
tlie state, at least 30 years of age and must have
had 10 years' practical mining experience.
MONTANA.
Tlie governor appoints a state board of exam­
iners, who tne with the governor tlie names of all
applicants who have passed a successful examination
for the office of inspector. Tlie governor
commissions from tlie list of successful applicants
one state mine inspector.
Qualifications: Candidates must lie at least 30
years of age. citizens of the United States ami
qualified residents of the slate of Montana, and
shall have been employed at coal mining for lo
years.
cm to.
The governor appoints the chief mine inspector,
who, with the approval of the governor appoints
the district inspectors.
Qualifications of candidates for tlie office of district
inspectors. Candidates must lie residents of
(lie district for which they are appointed for at
bast two years and shall have had five years'
actual practical experience in mining in Ohio.
OKLAHOMA.
Candidates for the office of mine inspector are
nominated by political parties and elected for a
term of four years.
Qualifications: Thirty years of age, a resident

of Oklahoma for two years, and shall have had
eight years' actual experience as a practical miner.
TENNESSEE.
The governor appoints the chief mine inspector,
who, with the consent of the governor, appoints
the district, inspectors.
Qualifications of candidates for office of district
inspector: A citizen and resident of Tenenssee
for two years, a practical miner with at least six
years' experience in mining, and must possess a
mine foreman's certificate.
\ [RGINIA.
The governor appoins the commissioner of labor,
v, ho appoints the state mine inspectors.
Qualifications: Five years' experience at and in
ccal mines.
WASHINGTON.
The governor appoints the mine inspector's examining
board. The board after examining all
tlie applicants, recommends to the governor those
qualified to serve as mine inspectors. The gov­
ernors then commissions a properly qualified person
lo fill the office of state mine inspector. The
state mine inspector, with the consent of the governor,
appoints a deputy inspector.
Qualifications: Citizen of the state of Washing­
ton, and shall have had at least five years' practical
experience in coal mining.
WEST VIRGINIA.
The governor appoints the chief of the depart­
ment of mines, who appoints one inspector for
each district for a term of four years.
Qualifications: Citizen of the state of West
Virginia, a miner of at least six years' experience
in coal mines, or have otherwise been engaged as
an employe for six years within coal mines.
WYO JUNG.
The governor appoints a state geologist who acts
ex-officio as inspector of mines.
TERRITORIES.
The president appoints all inspectors of mines.
Qualifications: Practical miner or a mining en­
gineer.
PENNSYLVANIA BITUMINOUS.
The governor appoints a mine inspector's exam­
ining board to examine applicants for the office
of inspector. Applicants who make a general
average of at least 90 per centum in the examina­
tion are deemed successful. The board reports
to the governor the names and percentages of the
successful candidates who are properly qualified,
and the governor from the names certified to him
by the examining board commissions one person
to be inspector for each district.
Qualifications: Candidates must have a knowl­
edge of the different systems of working coal
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
seams have had at least 10 years' practical experi­
ence in bituminous mines, and shall satisfy the
board as to their capability ami fitness for the
duties imposed upon inspectors.
PENNSYLVANIA ANTHRACITE PROPOSED LAW.
The governor appoints a mine inspectors' exam­
ining board to examine applicants for the office of
inspector. Applicants who make a general aver­
age of at least 90 per centum in the examinations
are deemed successful. The board reports to
ihe governor the names and percentages of the
successful candidates who are properly qualified.
and the governor from the names certified to him
by the examining board commissions the persons
having the highest percentages in the examination.
Qualifications: Candidates shall be citizens of
the state, not under 35 years of age, ancl have had
at least 10 years' practical experience in mines as
miners, fire bosses, mine foremen or superintend­
ents. They shall have a general knowledge of
chemistry of gases and lie conversant with the
work of first aid corps and with the work and re­
quirements of the rescue corps and witli the
science and use of electricity as applied to coal
mines, and have sufficient knowledge of mining
engineering to enable them lo make a cross section
of any mine when required by the examining
board.
By-Products Coke Earns More.
The report of the By-Products Coke Corporation
of Chicago for the year ended Dec. 31, 1912, shows
net earnings of $077.S96, an increase of $308,620.
The income account compares as follows:
1912. Increase.
Total earnings $809,206 $329,413
Total expenses 131.310 20,79:;
Net earnings $677,896 $308,620
Depreciation 262,092 75,941
Balance $115,604 $232,679
Previous surplus . 72,109 3,464
Total surplus $487,713 $228,215
Dividends 251,106 70,997
Balance $236,607 $157,21 S
The stockholders of ihe company have been
offered $1,000,000 additional slock al par. The
authorized capital of $5.00i),iM)o, of whieli $3,000,000
is now on I standing.
The Buffalo office of the Keystone Coal & Coke
Co. is now located at 1104 Marine National Bank
building.

38
Ii
PERSONAL
Mr. George W. Fleming has resigned as vice
president of the Consolidation Coal Co. of Baltimore,
and has been elected vice president of the
recently organized Elk Horn Fuel Co., which is
acquiring large coal tracts in eastern Kentucky,
a large portion being adjacent to the coal fields
of the Consolidation Coal Co. He will take active
charge of file Elk Horn Fuel Co. of which Mr.
C. W. Watson is president. Mr. Fleming's position
with the Consolidation Coal Co. will not be
filled.
Mr. F. P. Truesdale, division freight agent of
the Pennsylvania railroad in the Connellsville coke
region, with headquarters in Uniontown, will have
his force augmented by the addition of Mr. Stephen
T. Stackpole, who will act as traveling freight
agent soliciting coke and other business. This is
for the purpose of relieving Chief Truesdale, whose
duties have become burdensome with the increased
business.
Mr. John J. Turnbach, of Beaver Brook, Pa., has
been appointed general superintendent of the Dodson
Coal Co. operation at Morea, Pa., while Mr.
William McGinley, of Audenreid, for the past few
years a mining engineer at the same operation,
is promoted to the position formerly held by Mr.
Turnbach.
Mine Inspector Richard Maize, Jr., of Somerset,
Pa., has been chosen superintendent of the United
Coal Co. operations in Somerset county, including
those in Boswell, Jerome and Orenda. He succeeds
Mr. John Gibson, Jr., made general superintendent
for Pennsylvania, Maryland and West
Virginia.
Mr. P. F. O'Neil, of Wilkes-Barre, has been appointed
assistant general counsel for the Lehigh
Valley Coal Co. This is a newly-created position,
and carries with it legal supervision over the business
of Coxe Brothers & Co., a subsidiary of the
Lehigh Valley Co.
Mr. William A. Sourbrey, outside district superintendent
for the Philadelphia & Reading Coal &
Iron Co., in the Shenandoah, Ashland and Mahanoy
City, Pa., districts, has resigned his position.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Mr. Thomas I. Scott, of Uniontown, Pa., has
been promoted to the position of superintendent
of the Wynn plant of the H. C. Frick Coke Co.,
vice Mr. Clarence Patterson.
Mr. T. B. Raines has been appointed manager
of the Cincinnati office of Castner, Curran & Bullitt,
Inc., vice Mr. H. R. Mather, resigned.
Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Speyer of Pittsburgh are on
a honeymoon trip in Europe. Mr. Speyer is president
of the Moreland Coke Co.
Mr. Frank W. Pierce of Sharpsville, Pa., has
been appointed manager of the Pierce Coal Co.
operations at Pittsburg, Kan.
Lehigh Valley To Improve Dock.
About $250,000 will be expended on improvements
at the Lehigh Valley coal dock at Superior,
Wis. According to the present plans a new hard
coal shed will be built on the site of the old bituminous
storage yard. This shed will be a huge
structure of steel and concrete, equipped with the
latest appliances for the handling of coal. The
wigwam storage sheds will be overhauled and improved.
A new shipping plant will be built with
a capacity of 6,000 tons a day. At the present,
time 2,500 tons is the maximum shipping capacity
at the dock.
In the future the dock will be devoted entirely
to the handling of hard coal.
The Arkansas Railroad Commission has approved
the application of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain &
Southern railroad to put into effect a rate of 75
cents on coal from mines on the lines of the company
in Arkansas to Little Rock. The Little Rock
Board of Trade protested against the approval of
the proposed rate, because the Rock Island and the
Midland Valley would not make a similar reduction
in the rate of coal to Little Rock from mines
on their lines, most of the coal consumed in Little
Rock, according to the protestants, coming from
these latter mines. The rate of 75 cents means a
reduction of 25 cents per ton on this coal.
Coal land totaling 3,400 acres and valued at approximately
$1,000,000 was surrendered to the
United States Government May 2 by the Colorado
Fuel & Iron Co. in consideration of the dismissal
of a suit involving 5,800 acres owned by the company.
The land is located in Southern Colorado.
The future entry on the land will be permitted
under the regulations and prices recently fixed.
What points to a record-breaking output by the
Consolidation Coal Co. of Baltimore during 1913
is tho fact that tlie orders for fuel booked to date
by the company for delivery during the next six
months show an increase of over 500,000 tons as
compared with tbe corresponding period of the previous
year.
The Seaboard Air Line railway has ordered 50
locomotives of the "Pacific" type, 1,000 box cars,
250 coal hoppers and 250 flat cars.

A further increase of 5 per cent, in miners'
wages has been decided upon by the coal conciliation
board for the federated mining districts in
England and North Wales. This is the third advance
of 5 per cent, to be granted in a period of
six months, bringing wages up to 65 per cent.
above the standard minimum wage. The three
advances in the miners' wages during the last
six months represent an addition of £3,000,000
sterling per annum.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
The strike by 60,000 coal miners in the Beuthen COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS
district in Germany, which began April 21, has
been called off by the Men's Trade Unions, owing J. H. Hillman, Jr., of Pittsburgh, has sold to
to the hopelessness of attaining success. The em­ J. H. Sanford of the J. H. Sanford Coal Co., of
ployers flatly refused to grant the concessions de­ Pittsburgh, 167 acres of coal near Burgettstown,
manded. The men have all returned to the pits. Pa., for a nominal consideration of $1. Hannah
Stevenson and others also have conveyed to Mr.
Four mines of the Lorain Coal Co. at Bridgeport, Sanford 214 acres of coal near the same place, for
O., were closed May 1 when 2,000 miners went on the same nominal consideration.
strike for pay for cutting "rolls." After remain­
James F. Steele of Pittsburgh, for the Miriam
ing out for several days a settlement of the differ­
S. Steele estate, has sold to the Lucesco Coal Co.,
ences was arrived at and the men returned to
223 acres of coal near Kiskiminetas Junction, Pa.,
work.
for $28,500.
Union organizers are at Earlington. Ky., and
Holmes J. Davis of Washington, Pa., has sold 63
are endeavoring to organize the miners there and
acres of coal in Snowden township, Allegheny
at adjoining towns, into locals of the United Mine
county, Pa., to Charles Braznell of Pittsburgh for
Workers.
$44,100.
Twenty thousand coal miners laid down their
Mrs. Louvina Burge has sold to E. D. Patterson
tolls in South Wales May 2 as a protest against
of Waynesburg, Pa., 108 acres of coal in Aleppo
the employment of non-unionist men.
township, Greene county, Pa., at $100 per acre.
Miners to the number of 2,500 are on strike in
the Nanaimo district of British Columbia, Can.,
it being a sympathetic strike.
President Clem Stubhs of the United Mine Workers
of District No. 18, Western Canada, tendered
his resignation May 2.
Readjustment of freight rates on coal from mines
in Wyoming to destinations throughout the middle
west and northwest was directed by the Interstate
Commerce Commission May 3 in decisions of several
cases brought by the Sheridan, Wyo., chamber
of commerce against the Burlington and other
western and northwestern roads.
j) CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT <
The Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron Co. of Alabama
will spend $800,000 on improvements and new development
work in the Birmingham district. The
plans include three new mine openings at Brookside,
two new coal washers at Russellville, one
washer at Brookside and a 280-oven coking plant
at Bessie to take the place of an old one which
will be dismantled.
The Lehigh Valley Coal Co. has commenced work
on a big stripping contract between Centralia and
William Scaife, one of the first state officials Mount Carmel, Pa., that will develop several mil­
of District No. 12 (Illinois United Mine Workers lions tons of coal that will take from seven to
of America, for several years editor of the Mine ten years to exhaust.
Workers' Journal, and member of the state legisla­ The Consolidation Coal Co. is making a new
ture for one term, died during the fortnight at the
opening on its property at Wilson Creek, Somerset
Springfield, 111., hospital, after suffering for the
county, Pa. A railroad spur will be built to the
past six months from cancer. He was aged 60 new mine.
years and 17 days.
The Penn Gas Coal Co. has brought suit at
Greensburg, Pa., against the Youghiogheny & Ohio
Coal Co. to recover $35,814.20. In the plaintiff's
statement it is set forth that in May, 1912, the
plaintiff and defendant entered into an agreement
to deliver coal, of certain kinds and at certain
dates during September, October and November,
1912, and that the defendant company failed to
perform its part of the contract.
Lockmaster George Paxton has made his report
for the month of April for Lock No. 4, Monongahela
river, and it shows 7,476,000 bushels of coal
were locked through during the month.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PREPARING DECREE IN ANTHRACITE
COAL CARRYING CASE.
Preparations for framing a decree carrying out
the supreme court's decision in the "hard coal
trust" case were begun by the department of justice
May 8. The decree, which will cancel the
so-called 65 per cent, of contracts of the coal carrying
railroads and coal companies and terminate
the railroad control of the Temple Iron Co., will
be submitted to the United States district court at
Philadelphia during the last week of May.
G. Carroll Todd, special assistant to the attorney
general, has begun negotiations with representatives
of the railroads and coal companies in an
effort to reach an agreement on the form of decree.
If differences develop between the government
and the defendants, the issue must be fought
out before tne district court.
While it is the intention of Attorney General
McReynolds to file more suits against the so-called
coal trust, attacking the relationship, direct and
indirect, of coal carrying railroads and coal mining
companies by means of both the Sherman antitrust
law and the commodities clause of the interstate
commerce act, it is not likely that any further
move will be made until the decree in the
Temple Iron case has been entered.
APPEAL TAKEN FROM VALUATION OF COAL
LANDS I N WESTMORELAND COUNTY.
Charging that the valuations placed on coal land
by the board of county commissioners of Westmoreland
county, Pa., at tbe last triennial assessment
are unjust, appeals to the court of common
pleas have been filed at Greensburg, Pa„ by Elizabeth
Stauffer Moore, Laura A. Hasson, Pittsburgh-
Westmoreland Coal Co. and the Monessen Coal &
Coke Co., represented by Robbins & Wyant, and
the Shenango Furnace Co., Henderson Coal Co.,
Monongahela Coal Co. and the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
represented by Gaither & Whitten.
The whole question will be taken up by the
court June 11, the day fixed for the hearing of
testimony.
The big fight will be on the assessment made of
coal land in Rostraver township. In this township
the assessment was raised from $400 to $600
an acre on severed coal and from $450 to $670 on
unsevered coal. It is charged by the owners of
the coal land that this valuation was fixed arbitrarily
by the county commissioners and that it
is unjust. It is also alleged that the commissioners
divided the Irwin basin into three parts. It
was on the coal lands south of the Youghiogheny
river that the assessment was raised one-third by
the commissioners. One tract south of the river
was kept at the old price of $450 an acre, that of
W. B. Skelly. All north of the Youghiogheny
was valued at $450. It is charged by the appellants
that the dividing of the basin was an injustice
to the owners of coal land in Rostraver township.
The owners appealing from the assessment in
Rostraver township are assessesd as follows: Pittsburgh
Coal Co., 8,304 acres of coal, 85 acres of
coal and land; Henderson Coal Co., 137% acres
of coal; Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co., 1,659; Elizabeth Stauffer Moore, 1,342
acres of coal and 314 acres of coal and land; Laura
A. Hasson, 37 acres of coal land, and the Monessen
Coal Co., 108 acres of coal and eight acres of land.
The Shenango Furnace Co. is the owner of 337
acres of coal land in Ligonier township and 543
acres in Fairfield township. It alleges the assessment
of $600 an acre placed on the land by the
commissioners is unjust.
In the appeal of the Pittsburgh-Westmoreland
Coal Co. it is alleged the raising of its assessment
from $400 to $450 an acre was not justified. The
company owns 40 acres of surface and 20 acres
of coal in Manor, and 236 acres of coal and 58
of surface in Penn township.
The Naomi Coal Co. also has filed an appeal
against its assessment in Rostraver township,
claiming the valuation is too high and is unjust.
Rate Cut Is Affirmed.
The United States Commerce Court has denied
the application of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Co.
for an injunction to restrain the Interstate Commerce
Commission from enforcing its order reducing
rates on anthracite from the Wyoming
region in Pennsylvania to tidewater at Perth Amboy,
N. J. The railroad company objected to the
cut. contending that although the reduction was
only on a part of the freight it carried, the effect
of such reduction would be to cut down the income
on the investment value of its whole property to
approximately 4 per cent, on the valuation of $312,-
000,000 and that it was, therefore, a confiscatory
order.
All the property and assets of the Great Lakes
Coal Co. of Pittsburgh, now in the hands of a receiver,
including about 22.135 acres of coal and
685 acres of surface land in Armstrong and Butler
counties, and 20,000 shares of the Western Allegheny
Railroad Co., will be offered for sale at public
auction, in the rotunda of the Allegheny county
courthouse, Pittsburgh, at 11 a. m. May 29. At
least 5 per cent, of the purchase price must be paid
at the time of purchase by the successful bidder.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
THE TAXATION OF MINES IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES*
\ By David Bowen, of the University of Leeds. England
111 most countries today public authorities are
concerning themselves with the question of increasing
the pecuniary returns they may derive
from mines. When the State does not itself undertake
the exploitation of mines—and this does not
appear to be a very practical means of increasing
the financial revenue of a country—and when it
cannot dispose of the minerals by agreement or
contract as owner, it is only able to derive a
direct pecuniary benefit therefrom by taxation.
At the basis of all mining questions considered
from the economic and administrative points of
view, there rests the distinction as to whether,
as is the case in England, Russia and the United
States, all mineral substances are the property of
the landowners, or that the institution and creation
of exploitation works can only result from
an act of some public authority. Further, a good
deal of arbitrariness and diversity of practice
exists as to the classification of exploitation works.
In England, it is the nature of the excavation
which determines whether it is a mine or a
quarry. In France, on the other hand, the classification
of exploitation works depends, not on the
mode or nature of the excavation, but on the
mineral substance excavated. This is true also
of a large number of other countries. Briefly, it
may be stated that the various mining countries
may be divided into two classes in this respect:
11) those that follow, generally, the English
classification — practically all English-speaking
countries; and (2) those that follow the French
system of classification—practically all non-English-speaking
countries. It must be remembered,
however, that the classification of works exploiting
coal, petroleum, phosphates, etc., differs very
largely in different countries.
Although reference has been made above to taxation
for the benefit of the State, it will be necessary
to consider also those taxes levied on behalf
of its various members, such as its provinces.
departments, and more
PARTICULARLY ITS COMMUNES
or local government bodies. What is of importance
in this respect is not so much the publicbody
which benefits by the tax, as the amount
of the tax itself. For this reason it is necessary
to take into account the payments made by the
mine exploiter to the landowner in virtue of the
legal contract entered into between the parties,
sometimes of a very variable nature, and also, to
•"From a paper read before the Midland Institute
of Mining, Civil and Mechanical Engineers,
and appearing in the Colliery Guardian.
take account of the obligatory payments made byexploiters
for the special benefit of the workmen.
The author proposes in the first place to preface
this account of mining taxation with some
simple explanations setting forth to a certain
extent the principal features of mining taxation.
Although this account is chiefly concerned with
exploitation taxes, there are in many countries,
especially new countries, some taxes which are
levied in connection with prospecting investigations
when they are to be carried on outside the
Iirospector's limits, and especially where the right
of prospecting may involve the right of exploitation.
The prospector, to some extent, takes the
mine at his option. Further, this paper is not
concerned with all the general taxes of common
law. stamp or registration duties, etc., which
affect mines or the mining companies, under the
same conditions as, in similar circumstances, all
other individuals and all other companies are
affected. The taxes levied on rock salt and the
potassium salts are also ignored.
If one leaves out of this discussion those special
cases, comparatively exceptional, in which the
State, as has been indicated, acts as proprietor
of the mineral rights rather than taxes them by
virtue of its powers, mining taxation may then
be divided into two classes.t The first class consists
of special imposts which bear the same relation
to mining property and the ore-extracting
industry as common law taxes bear to other industries.
These are the two well-known duties,
"the fixed duty" and "the proportional duty."
Under the second system, instead of such special
taxes, the mining industry is merely subjected
to common law taxes, the same as those to which
all other industries are subject. Moreover, this
is the sole method of taxing the mining industry
in all countries where the minerals belong to the
landowner. An example of this kind is the French
"license tax" on quarries and mines.
Although there are many countries today where
the mineral rights are separated from surface
ownership, yet in some of these countries, as in
Germany, Austria, and Italy,
t A third class, which might be mentioned, would
include those countries which avoid levying taxes
un mines, in order to encourage their development
to a greater extent. Such a policy might have indirect
advantages Instead of the direct profits derived
from taxation. The author does not know
of any other country besides Uruguay and the Argentine
Republic where this policy is adopted.
But although the Argentine Federation has refrained
from imposing any federal taxes, it has
not prevented certain of its States from taxing
works which are opened out there.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
COMMON LAW TAXES
have been systematically substituted for the old
special imposts. A similar evolution within recent
years may be traced even in those countries
where the mining rights of the State go furthest
back.
When common law taxes have for their basis
revenue 1 or profit, they do not differ materially
from the special tax referred to above as "the
proportionate duty" on the net produce. Though
the common law taxes are rather "indexical,"
they must be of a fairly general character, in
order to be capable of being adapted to the many
peculiar characteristics of the mining industry
without involving too great objections, difficulties
or inequalities. Even when a common law tax
may, by means of special indices, be rendered
capable of being applied to various industries, it
is difficult to find any index which would be appropriate
to the mining industry taken as a
whole. For instance, one of the indices on mining
licenses in France is the number of workmen
employed. This index, as a matter of fact, leads
to considerable anomalies and inequalities.
Reference has been made above to the recent
evolution in some of the oldest countries exercising
Crown mining rights in the substitution of
common law taxes in the place of special taxes.
In the same way, we find in these same countries,
expressed in the Prussian "Gamp" Law of 1905,
views in regard to the State which aim, as regards
certain substances, at least, at the creation
of a regime giving to the State special advantages
in regard to mines. This new attitude involves
proposals to introduce special modes of State
intervention referred to later.
It would be inadvisable here to dwell on the
application to mines of such common law taxes
as our income tax, the Italian Richezza Mobile,
the German and Austrian Einkommenstetir and
Gewerbesteuer, and the various Russian taxes,
together with some of the taxes which the communes
are authorized to collect in Belgium. We
might, however, refer to the practice of superimposing,
at least partially, common law taxes on
certain special taxes, as in Alsace-Lorraine or
Belgium, under the heading of communal taxes.
The system of common law taxation, when it
is exclusively applied, has this advantage for
those exploiting mines, and the disadvantage for
the State of precluding the latter from the possibility
of drawing from the
MINER LARGER PROFITS
than from other industries. It is from this fact
that arises the State's interest in the special taxes
which have now to be considered.
These special taxes, in the precise meaning
which has been given to them above, are of three
kinds, of which the first, which might be termed
the "institution" or "establishment" tax, is of
perhaps relatively recent origin, whilt the other
two—the "fixed duty" and the "proportional duty"
—are, so to speak, as old as mining itself.
The "institution" tax consists in the payment,
on delivery of the title, either of a fixed sum
whatever the extent of the concession, or of a
sum calculated according to its extent. With
variations in special eases, this tax is in force
in several countries, in Alsace-Lorraine, in the
Belgian Congo, as well as in Turkey, and the
English colony of Perak. This is practically
equivalent to the sale of mining concessions as
practised in the United States and Canada. In
some cases this tax may be collected under the
system of "fixed" duties or rents, these being
considered as arrears which, with the "institution"
tax, might be in some way bought off for
the future by the payment of the original capital.
Although, on the one hand, the institution tax,
taken by itself, may be advantageous to the pecuniary
interests of the Treasury, this system
may, however, be contested from the point of
view of the general interest, provided the amount
is considerable—otherwise the question need not
be considered—because of the surcharge on capital
with which the undertaking is burdened from the
commencement. It is a better policy to be content
with taxes levied on profits. This brings
us to a consideration of the more normal form of
taxation.
The "fixed duty" consists in the annual payment,
whether the mine is exploited or not, of
a sum determined by measurement of the surface
comprised in the mining concession; and to facilitate
comparison, all the calculations in this paper
are referred to acres. One point may be of interest
in regard to the various
RATES ACTUALLY LEVIED.
They vary according to the countries, and in the
same country, according to the substances. Even
setting aside the excessive assessments of certain
gold mines, the French assessment of 2d. per
acre must be regarded as very moderate, if not
extremely low, although the concessions granted
in France are of relatively large extent. That
this assessment was regarded as extremely low
in France may be gathered from the fact that
although the French Law of 1910 allowed reductions
in the areas of concessions when the law
raised the tax from 0.4d. to 2d.,t only a quite
infinitesimal number of reductions were asked for
by the parties interested.
It might be noted that in some countries—
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 56)
t People little acquainted with all these aues-
.ons asserted on that occasion that nev!r In any
,r had
l, taxes been abruptiy raised 500 per
an"/wa N y° wZVefe^ t 0 ° k &ny "° tiCe f St in
°

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
j
DUST EXPLOSIONS* j
By C. M. Young. Associate Professor of Mining Engineering University of Kansas
The explosion of coal dust is a combustion so
rapid that the mine air and the gases formed are
violently expanded by the heat. It is necessary
that there be present fuel anu oxygen in proper
amounts and that they be ignited.
If we assume that no combustible gas is present
all the fuel must be supplied by the dust. In most
cases gas is doubtless present, but it may be in
quantities too small to be detected by the safety
lamp. However, it has been demonstrated that
even very small amounts of gas may aid an explosion.
Assuming, however, that all the fuel is to be
supplied by the dust, it becomes important that
we know as much as possible of the conditions
under which the dust is explosive. Some students
of the subject have expressed the opinion that any
combustible dust may be explosive under favorable
circumstances. It is my opinion that this is not
the case. Anthracite dust is certainly combustible
but it seenis not to be explosive. This is to be
expected if we remember tne method of combustion
of anthracite. An isolated piece surrounded
uy air will not burn because the heat generated by
combustion is not sufficient to maintain the reaction.
If we wish to burn it we must surround
it by a medium which does not readily convey
away the heat generated. In practice this is accomplished
by having a large number of pieces of
fuel lying together. In this way only so much
air is in contact with each piece as is necessary to
supply oxygen and the heat is not dispersed in
heating an excess of air, and loss by radiation is
also diminished.
Since the heat value of anthracite is high, it
might seem that the burning of each particle of
dust would furnish enough heat to raise the surrounding
particles to the ignition temperature
if they were not too far away. That this is not
the case is doubtless due to the fact that, small
as may be the particles of dust, they are very far
from being molecular, and
COMBUSTION CAN TAKE
place only on the outer surface. The heat is
therefore developed slowly and is at the same
time carried away, so that the temperature is
lower than it would be if all or a large part of
each dust particle burned nearly instantaneously.
The combustion does not spread to the neighboring
particles and there is no explosion. If it is assumed
that the particles are so close together that
there is little opportunity for the dispersal of
*A considerale portion of this article wili appear in Vol. X
of the report of the Kansas State Geological Survey and is
now published with the permission of the Director.
heat, there will not be enough air for complete
combustion, and the heat developed will be too
little to permit the spread of the combustion.
The dusts of some bituminous coals and of many
other substances are not only combustible, but in
some cases they are explosive. The great distinction
between bituminous and anthracite coals
is the fact that the former contain combustible
volatile matter. It seems to be this fact that
renders them, in some cases, explosive. When
the coal is heated, the volatile matter is distilled
and is separated from the coal as gas or vapor.
The combustible part may be ignited and burned.
If it is mixed with air in proper proportion it
may be exploded. The fixed carbon remains behind
and may or may not be burned.
It is this possibility of the distillation of the
volatile matter which makes bituminous coal easy
of ignition. When heat is applied the gas is distilled,
and it is this gas which burns first. If
the coal is suspended in the air in the form of a
fine dust the gas is set free in intimate mixture
with air, and the mixture of gas and air will be
explosive if the combustible matter and the oxygen
exist in the proper proportion. The gas set
free from the coal will have definite explosive
limits, just as natural gas and other explosive
gases have. There must be present in the air,
then, neither too much nor too little of the gas.
As will be shown more plainly later, the presence
of too much gas is much more rare and improbable
than the presence of too little.
Since a certain amount of gas must be present,
it is evident that it can be supplied by a certain
amount of coal of a given composition, and that
the amount of coal necessarily decreases as the
percentage of volatile combustibles increases. It
will then be possible to get an
EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE
by distilling the gases from a comparatively
small amount of coal high in volatile combustible
matter. No definite statement of the amount of
volatile combustible matter necessary can be made.
It evidently depends largely upon the nature of
the coal and tne amounts of the moisture and ash.
Recently a sample of coal was sent to me for
examination from a mine in which an explosion
had taken place. This was claimed by some to
have been a dust explosion while others believed
that it was caused by gas. The dust failed to explode
without the addition of a combustible gas,
methane being used. Analysis showed that the
coal contained only 13.4 per cent, volatile combustible
matter. It seems impossible that the dust

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
from sucli a coal should be explosive under any
ordinary circumstances.
In order that the distillation and combustion,
when once initiated, may be self-sustaining, it is
necessary that the dust be suspended in the air.
It is apparent that the ease of suspension depends
largely upon the fineness of the dust particles.
Any solid substance, no matter how small, will
lall through the air. but the rate of fall will depend
upon the relation of weight to surface exposed.
We may assume that the specific gravity
of all coal particles is the same, though this is
not strictly true. The rate of fall will then depend
upon the surface exposed, being slower as
the size of the particle is decreased. If the air
is in motion with an upward velocity equal to the
rate of fall of the particle in still air, the particle
will remain suspended. Air in motion does not
move in straignt lines, but the friction against
the walls of the passages causes eddies, so that
there are always currents which are blowing in a
more or less vertical direction and these tend to
raise the dust into the air and keep it suspended.
If these currents are strong enough the dust will
not settle out but will remain in suspension. No
practical ventilating current will be strong enough
to keep the coarser sizes of dust in suspension,
while no such current will be slow enough to allow
the finer sizes to settle out. It is apparent then
that the danger increases
WITH THE FINENESS
of the dust, other things being equal. It has been
found by experiment that only those dusts which
will pass through a 200-mesh screen are kept permanently
in suspension in an ordinary current.
The size of the dust also has a great influence
on the ease with which the volatile matter is
distilled. The dust is exposed to high temperature
during only a very short time. If it is in
comparatively large fragments the heat will not
have time to penetrate to the interior and only the
outside of the fragments will be coked; that is,
not all of the combustible gases which are in the
coal will bo set free and mixed with the air. The
probability of an explosion is therefore small because
it is only in circumstances out of the ordinary
that enough of this coarse dust will he suspended
in the air to set free a sufficient amount of
gas to make an explosive mixture with the air.
On the other hand, if the dust is fine, it will be
heated through ill the brief exposure to high temperature
and all or nearly nil of the gas will be
driven out. 'Iherefore, less fine dust than coarse
is required to make an explosive mixture with air.
An examination of some dusts under the microscope
showed that, in some cases, a large part of
the dust which had passed a 200-mesh screen was
very much finer than the openings in the screen.
The openings in such a screen are approximately
.003 inch in diameter, while some of the dust particles
were only .OOOIM; inch in diameter. It was
found by experiment that dusts containing these
small particles in large quantities were much more
explosive than those made up more entirely of
larger fragments, the quality of the coal being
otherwise nearly the same. It therefore appears
that a chemical examination alone will not determine
the explosiveness of a dust, but that a
physical examination is also necessary.
Two coals may be subjected to the same grinding
process and yield different amounts of the
very fine particles. This difference is due to
differences in physical structure. Only a microscopic
examination shows the great differences
between coals in this respect.
It was also found that different portions of the
same sample of coal may
SHOW THAT PECULIARITY.
In the case of one coal it was found that if tbe
coal was ground in stages, the 200-mesh dust being
occasionally sifted out during the process of grinding,
the first dust produced had a comparatively
high explosive limit, while that produced last had
a much lower limit. This last dust, produced
from the least friable portion of the coal, showed
a much larger proportion of very fine particles
than that produced by the first grinding. It is
not known whether this is a general fact.
The explosiveness also depends upon the nature
of the volatile combustible matter. In some cases
this is so tarry that the dust is bound together
and cannot be suspended in air. even though the
individual particles are sufficiently fine. This
condition also tends to prevent the production of
the finest dust. It was found that a coal from
Ihe Kittanning seam showed this quality and its
dust failed to explode. It was also found that
this dust contained few very fine particles.
The fact that dusts from coals low in volatile
combustible matter fail to explode suggests that
the addition of a combustible gas or vapor may
make them explosive. This is found to be the
case, and it has been found that when methane, in
quantity too small to be explosive alone, is added
to a mixture of dust and air containing too little
dust to be explosive, the resulting- mixture may
be explosive. It was found that some dusts which
failed to explode alone were made explosive by
the addition of as little as 1 per cent, of methane.
This fact indicates that there may be great danger
in tbe presence of a very small amount of
gas in the mine air. Tests for gas, as ordinarily
conducted, will not indicate the presence of less
than 2 per cent, and probably most fire bosses will
not detect less than 3 per cent, with certainty.
'Ihus it is apparent that a mine, which is not con-

sidered dangerous because of the presence of gas,
may be dangerous because an undetected amount
of gas renders the dust explosive. Also a disturbance
of the ventilating current, allowing a
slight increase in the amount of gas in the air,
may be a much more serious matter than it is
supposed to be.
The gas which is to be feared is not alone that
natural to the mine, but the gases from explosives
may have the same effect. Black powder, when
fired in the presence of coal,
SOMETIMES YIELDS GASES
which are combustible;* some of the safety powders
always yield such gases ,some never do, and
probably others do so under certain conditions.
It is therefore possible that the gases from explosives
may render the dust with which they are
mingled explosive, even if they are present in
quantities too small to be explosive alone. There
can be no doubt that a large number of windy
shots are due to these facts. I speak of these as
facts because they have been demonstrated.
When the dust distilled from the heated eoal
burns, the particles of coal, how partly converted
to coke, are heated to a temperature at which they
reduce the carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion
of carbon nionoxide. Since this temperature
endures for a very short time it is probable
that the amount of carbon monoxide thus produced
depends largely upon the surface of glowingcarbon
exposed to the gas. It is certain that
enough is sometimes produced to render the afterdamp
exceedingly poisonous, as is proved by the
fact that short exposure to it is frequently fatal,
even though life may not be extinct when efforts
at resuscitation are commenced. In some eases
there is enough to render the afterdamp explosive
when it is mixed with a fresh supply of air.
Thus there may sometimes be a second explosion
following the first.
The necessary oxygen is, of course, supplied by
the mine air, and mine air commonly contains
a sufficient amount. An unusually large quantity
of carbon dioxide will reduce the activity of the
air, and this will be especially the case if, as is
usual, this gas has been formed by the consumption
of a portion of the oxygen of the air. It is
not often, however, that mine air is in this condition.
Probably the most important variable of the air
is its moisture content. The presence of water
vapor renders the air less fit to support combustion,
not because of the presence of less oxygen
*Gaseous Decomposition—Products of Black Powder,
with special reference to the Use of Black
Powder in Coal Mines. C. M. Young. Transactions
American Institute Mining Engineers, Vol.
NL1, pages 451 to 179.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 46
but because heat is absorbed in raising the temperature
of the water vapor, and the temperature
produced hy combustion is therefore
lower. A certain amount of fuel can produce
only a certain amount of heat and if a portion of
mis heat is consumed in
RAISING THE TEMPERATURE
of the water vapor, in addition to that used in
raising the temperature of the air and dust surrounding
the igniting body, the resulting temperature
may be too low to coke the dust and ignite
the gas produced. Therefore, the presence of
water vapor may prevent the occurrence of an
explosion. 'ibis fact is new quite generally understood
and thee are many advocates of the
huniidification of air in dusty mines. There are
certain objections to this procedure and these have
been well stated ami need no discussion here.
The temperature of the air may have a considerable
effect. It has been said before that a sufficiently
high temperature must be reached to coke
the dust and ignite the gas, and if the temperature
of the air is already high the heat necessary
to produce this required temperature will be less
than if the air is cold. The ordinary range of
temperature will have little effect, but it is conceivable
that a considerable compression of the
air might result in a temperature that would be
important. It is even possible that a wave of
compression may travel se the air which will produce
a temperature sufficiently high to coke the
dust and ignite the gas produc ed. In this way
an explosion might be produced at a point which
the flame of the original explosion had not reached,
traversing passages free from dust ancl originating
explosions at new points. Thus the compression
of the air may have an important effect in the
propagation of an explosion, though it is not necessary
to the inception of the explosion or to its
propagation.
In order that the dust may be ignited, it is only
necessary that it be raised to a temperature sufficient
to coke it and to ignite the gas given off.
In order that the flame may be propagated, it is
probably necessary that the source of ignition be
of considerable size, otherv-ise combustion at any
one time will be so little that it will probably be
confined to the immediate neighborhood of the
igniting body. It has been proved in tbe laboratory
that a bunsen burner or an ordinary miner's
lamp will easily ignite dust, hut it is not often
that the air of a mine w.ill contain sufficient dust
in suspension for such means to ignite it. It
would seem that nothing else would be so apt to
do so as the large flame of a blown-out shot. This
has the necessary temperatufe and heats a large
volume of the mine air at once. Unless the flame
from the shot impinges directly

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
UPON A DEPOSIT OE DUST,
it is doubtful whether a single shot could
both stir up the dust and ignite it, because the
hot gases would become cooled before they could
be mingled with the dust, but if previous shots
had first stirred up the dust the chance of ignition
would be very favorab) i.
The ease of ignition will be greater if the preceding
shots have furnished a combustible gas,
either from the explosive itself or from tbe coal.
Windy shots which seem to have this origin are
very frequent in the mines of Kansas, where black
powder is used in excessive quantities.
In recent times there has been a great increase
in the production of coal. This has been accompanied
by changes in the conditions of mining.
Larger quantities of coal are hauled over the roads
and larger quantities of dust are produced in the
haulageways. The increase in the size of the
workings and in the number of men employed has
necessitated the use of more rapid ventilating currents.
The result has been more thorough drving
of the dust and the suspension of it in the air.
The use of explosives has increased much more
rapidly than the production of coal. This results
in the production of more dust in the rooms and,
in some cases, in the production of larger quantities
of combustible gases. These changes and
possibly others have been accompanied by an increase
in the number of dust explosions.
The foregoing notes are offered as a small addition
to our knowledge of dust explosions. We
already know much of the phenomena of such explosions,
but we do not know all. If we did, it
would be possible to explain every explosion and
to positively state the precautions necessary for
the prevention of explosions In the future. We
cannot do this. Indeed, it is not infrequently
the mine which seems safest that offers an example
of the deficiency of our knowledge. But
this knowledge is constantly and rapidly increasing.
The subject has many phases and there must
be study of all of them before we can claim general
knowledge of it. This article presents a few
of the more important observations made in a
study of mine explosions and is written with the
purpose of adding something to our knowledge
of the subject, which when collected, sometime in
the future, may be found so complete as to enable
us to state clearly the causes of explosions and
their remedies.
The Fidelity Trust. Co. of Baltimore, tbe Mercantile
Trust & Deposit Co., and the Federal Utilities
Co., Tne, of New York, have bought $4,000,000 of
the Elk Horn Fuel Co. first mortgage five year 5
per cent, convertible notes, and are now forming
a syndicate to underwrite the issue.
The Piatt Iron Works Co., Dayton, O., whose
plant was in the flood district, suffered somewhat
from the high water, but not nearly so seriously
as newspaper reports indicated. Two days after
the waters receded the company had its power
plant in operation and April 7 a portion of the
plant was turning out its regular product, while
April 21 saw all departments running in full blast.
The State Mining Board of Illinois has just
published the Thirty-first Coal Report of the State,
covering the operations of the coal mines of the
state for the year ending June 30, 1912. It is
filled with facts dealing with the coal industry
in the state including data on mines, labor, tonnage,
machinery, explosives, accidents and abandoning
old and opening new mines.
Bulletin 15, Fourth Series, of the Geological
Survey of Ohio, treating of the "Devonian and
Mississippian Formations of Northeastern Ohio,"
has just been issued. The bulletin was prepared
by Charles S. Prosser, and gives a comprehensive
description of the two formations.
"Silica Retorts and Settings for Gas Benches"
is the title of a neat booklet issued by the Improved
Equipment Co., New York, in which a complete
resume of the advantages of such retorts
and settings appears, illustrated with a number
of photographs.
Leschen's Hercules for May, just from the press,
contains views and descriptions of several large
buildings now- under course of construction where
the ropes manufactured by the A. Leschen & Sons
Rope Co., St. Louis, Mo., are in use.
Mine and Quarry for April, just issued, has
among other interesting articles, a complete illustrated
description of an ironclad coal cutter for
alternating current, manufactured by the Sullivan
Machinery Co., Chicago.
The Pennsylvania State Railroad Commission
May 9 announced the selection of Price, Waterhouse
& Co. as accountants to determine the cost
of transportation of anthracite coal from the mines
to Philadelphia over the lines of the Pennsylvania
and the Philadelphia & Reading railroads. The
appointment grows out of the investigation conducted
by the commission last year into the question
of freight rates on anthracite coal with relation
to the effect on the cost of coal to the consumer,
in which investigation the railroad companies
contended they could not estimate the cost
of transportation.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
THE BERING RIVER COAL FIELD*
By Hugh D. Pallister, School of Mine. Pennsylvania State College.
The Bering River coal field lies inland from
Controller bay and to the north of Bering river.
The coal bearing area is about 69 square miles
in extent, extending from Bering lake on the west
to the Bering glacier on the south and east and is
bounded on the north by the Martin river glacier
and the Chugach mountains.
Although surrounded as it is by vast fields of
glacial ice and lofty snow-clad mountain ranges.
the climate is remarkably uniform and mild. The
temperature seldom falls below 2 degrees Fahrenheit
while 85 degrees is probably the maximum.
A precipitation of 100 inches is usual, although
150 inches is not uncommon.
The region is hilly rather than mountainous, the
average elevation being probably close to 1,500
feet, while occasionally isolated peaks attain an
elevation of some 2,500 to 4,000 feet. From the
extensive marshy flats of the Bering river the
hills rise rather abruptly and are grouped into
ridges lying in a northeast and southwest direction.
The Martin and Bering river glaciers, once extending
through this field to the sea, have now
receded for a distance of 15 to 25 miles and are
the source of glacial streams which feed the Bering
river. These glaciers have been responsible
for the filling of Bering river with silt and other
glacial waste ancl have also been responsible for
the shoaling of large areas of Katalla and Controller
bays. Practically the entire course of the
Bering river and a large portion of Bering lake
have been rendered non-navigable by the vast quantities
of glacial debris constantly being discharged
through them to the sea.
The discovery of the Bering river coal field was
made by R. A. Johnson of California in 1898, who
was investigating
THE OIL RESOURCES
of Yakutat and Katalla bajs. The presence of
coal had, however, long been known to the Indians
and possibly to the Russians, but no previous mention
can be Obtained from written records. The
first locations in the field were made by the Alaska
Commercial Co., now the Alaska Development Co.,
and were on Kushtaka ridge.
The coal of this field occurs in tertiary rocks,
an age of rocks usually found associated with coal
in Alaska. The predominating formations are
shales and sandstones cut occasionally by dykes
of igneous material, as diabase or basalt. The
character of the coal varies from anthracite to
•Paper read at the Mid-Winter Meeting of the Coal Mining
Institute of America, Pittshurgh. Dec. 1912.
bituminous, both of which are of fairly high-grade
and the bituminous is good coking coal.
The range in character of the coal from bituminous
to anthracite indicates that there must
have been more or less extensive earth movements
in the region, which is the case. The coal bearing
formations have been folded and faulted until
in many localities not only have the chemical constituents
been changed, but the physical character
has also been materiallv affected, the c-oal being
badly broken.
The direction of the intense forces causing the
disturbances has been from the east and west diminished
in intensity as the distance from the
mass of the Chugach mountains increased. The
upheaved rock masses constituting the Chugach
mountains, have elevations of 6,000 to 12,000 feet,
and the subsequent movements that have taken
place were largely responsible for the existing
conditions in the Bering river coal field. Proximity
to the same source of disturbance has also
been responsible for the intrusion of igneous materials,
as dykes and sills, into the coal bearing
formations and these have probably contributed
in no small part to the condition and character
of the coal.
The Bering river coal field may be divided into
three areas according to the
CHARACTER OE THE COAI,
occurring in each. On the east is Carbon mountain,
all but tne extreme southern part of which
contains anthracite coal. The anthracite area
also extends a short distance onto the Cunningham
ridge. The area of semi-anthracite includes the
southern portion of Carbon mountain and cuts the
Cunningham ridge into practically two equal parts.
From the middle of Cunningham ridge westward
to the limits of the field or Bering lake, none but
bituminous or semi-bituminous coal is found.
While no attempt will be made in this connection
to estimate the probable quantity of coal existing
nor that available for mining, yet it may be of
interest to give the aggregate thickness of coal
beds measured along certain lines extending
through the various areas as outlined above.
These lines are chosen so that they are as nearly
as possible normal to tbe strike of the coal beds
located by outcrops.
In the Carbon mountain area the line parallels
Canyon creek and gives an aggregate of 75 feet,
of which 65 feet are semi-anthracite and 10 feet
are anthracite. This is obviously too low for the
anthracite and indicates either that the coal beds

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
do not extend to the mase of the mountain or that
the outcrops have not yet been located.
Three lines have been established on Cunningham
ridgo along which measurements were taken.
The first line parallels Clear creek and gives 21
feet of semi-anthracite and 4 feet of semi-bituminous
coal; the second line follows the ridge and
extends well up on Monument mountain, here 75
feet of semi-bituminous coal beds were measured;
the third line parallels Trout creek and gives 55
feet of coal.
A line extending along the crest of the southeastern
extension of Carbon ridge gives an aggregate
thickness of coal beds of 70 feet. A second
line extending along Carbon creek gives a
THICKNESS OF 188 FEET
of coal beds. Measurements taken along a line
extending northward from Poul point on Bering
lake gives a total thickness of 50 feet of coal.
Measurements along Tokum creek indicate a
probable thickness of 30 feet of coal.
Folding of strata has probably been most intense
in the anthracite portion of the region and it is
here that the igneous dykes and sills predominate,
but to the westward faulting has been most extensive.
Extensive folding has also taken place in
certain localities in the bituminous area and in
certain instances fully as extensive as in the anthracite
area but without a consequent change in
character of tne coal. This would seem to indicate
that some other agency acted and assisted in
the transformation of tbe coal. While the intruded
igneous materials occurring in the anthracite
area hardly seem of sufficient magnitude to
have contributed materially to the change yet they
undoubtedly had some effect; at least they indicate
the probable proximity of larger masses of
igneous materials.
Few of the coal beds in any portion of the region
lie horizontally or even approximately so,
while many stand at angles of 45, 60 and SO degrees
and occasionally a bed will be observed standing
directly on end. Further, the dips are quite
variable and even in those of apparently the greatest,
regularity the dip may vary as much as 10
degrees or more in a few hundred feet. In the
folded area it. is not uncommon to observe the dip
of beds reversed in twice the thickness of the coal
bed, the coal being doubled in thickness by the
top or bottom rock being forced out. Such occurrences
are. however, rather rare and are only mentioned
in this connection to give an idea of the extensiveness
of the rock movements.
Folding, and squeezing in faulting, are largely
responsible for changes in
THICKNESS OE COAL BEDS,
aside from the massing of coal in both the crests
and troughs of anticlines and synclines. Thickening
and thinning of coal beds will prove a serious
inconvenience in mining if such conditions are
of as frequent occurrence as is indicated in certain
localities.
The occurrence of coal in troughs and basins is
common throughout the region. In many instances
the dip of the coal beds on the sides of the basins
is as much at 45 degrees, although in the majority
of cases it is probably under 25 degrees. The
pitch of the basins usually varies from 5 degrees
to 15 degrees, and in extreme cases a pitch of 65
degrees was noted, thus indicating cross-folding.
While extensive fault planes are readily located
by change in the character of the rock formations
and by creeks and depressions following the disturbed
zones, yet owing to tne lack of definite information
regarding conditions existing at depths,
the amount of displacements along the large faults
is not known. However, many minor faults exist
with displacement of rock strata and coal beds of a
few inches to 10 and 20, and even 100 feet.
Much confusion may result from thickening and
thinning of beds and the alteration of beds by the
intrusion of sills, particularly when associated with
more or less exclusive faulting.
Aside from the general effect of folding and
faulting upon coal beds there are other conditions
of occurrence that will affect the development and
mining of coal, which if persistent in depth may
prove prohibitive. In a general way such conditions
of occurrence may be considered tinder two
general heads, namely, condition of deposition and
those of subsequent action. Under conditions of
deposition may be placed the occurrence of bells,
horses, nodules of shale, clay and pyrite, rolls,
and irregular partings of shale and sandstone. In
this connection bad top-rock may also be considered.
In many localities the former occurrences arc
very numerous, particularly the
NODULES OE PYRITES,
which often attain a size of 2 to 3 feet in diameter.
Horses of shale and pyrite charged with bituminous
matter are also of frequent occurrence in
many parts of the field.
While partings of shale and sandstone are common
to all coal beds, many of those observed in
this field are extremely irregular both in thickness
and in direction taken, often assuming the
nature of rolls and pinching out tbe coal, the coal
appearing in turn above.
Soft shale and loose, coarse-grained top-rock predominate
in many locations, disintegrating rapicily
on exposure to air and moisture.
Those irregularities resulting from subsequent
action are : variable thickness of coal beds,
physical condition of coal, displacement of faults,

the occurrence of igneous dykes and sills, and
broken condition of top and bottom rock.
The increase in thickness and the thinning of
coal beds, particularly when associated with weak
or disturbed conditions of strata may render mining
of the coal difficult from the standpoint of support.
The coals of the Bering river field are badly
broken and while many of the beds will produce
on careful mining fair sized coal, yet it will disintegrate
rapidly when handled. The fracturing
of the coal while having some regularity is in the
majority of cases extremely irregular and differs
from the cleavage ordinarily occurring in mines
in that it seems to have no definite relation to
dip and strike of the coal beds, although careful
observation of a large number of coal beds reveals
a certain semblance of order. There seems to be
in general four sets of fracture or cleavage planes,
namely: one set approximately paralleling the dip;
another the strike; while the remaining two intersect
these two sets of planes at angles of 45 degrees
to 60 degrees. It is evident then that the
coal is broken up into blocks which may vary
from 1 to 8 inches in size. Further, on examination
it is found that these
BLOCKS ARE SUBDIVIDED
by still other planes occurring in a similar manner
and will cause the coal to break up into a large
number of exceedingly small pieces.
Occasionally, particularly where a coal bed has
been increased in thickness by folding, the mass
of coal is divided into distinct zones usually wedgeshaped
in which the lines of fracture are radically
different both in distance apart and in direction
taken. Again, the fractures may assume an arrangement
resembling a net-work dividing the
coal into lenticular masses of varrying size, but
seldom less than 4 to 5 inches in length.
The breaking down of coal so badly fractured
is usually readily accomplished but the production
of small coal and slack is necessarily large.
The intrusion of masses of igneous material
either through fissures cutting across bedding
planes or as sheets of several feet in thickness
forced in between the coal beds and the top and
bottom rocks, while not of frequent occurrence,
may be expected to be encountered at any time.
Two particularly bad conditions result from the
presence of igneous sills in coal beds, namely, the
coking of a part or all of a bed, thus rendering
it of no value, and the occurrence of detached
masses of the igneous material in the coal some
distance below the main body of the sill. These
detached masses are of irregular shape although
usually rounded, and are surrounded by coked or
badly burned coal, and therefore have no con­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
nection or bond to hold them in place; their fall on
the approach of mining operations is then only a
matter of support or the leaving of unmined coal
beneath them.
The sills are also extremely unstable, being
usually badly broken on cooling and having weakened
the shale or top-rock by the
EXTREMELY HIGH TEMPERATURE
of tlie molten mass, have no bond with the top
rock. On removing the coal from under such
top rock, its support will require extensive timbering.
Occasionally these sills and dykes will send off
stringers or branches which cut across coal beds
and rock strata alike, badly breaking them up and
by the intense heat weakening them and rendering
them readily disintegrated.
The above conditions while not of exceptional
occurrence in the coal beds of the Bering river
field, yet are not universal throughout the region.
On the other hand there are numerous beds of
12 to 30 feet in thickness, free to all appearances
from such irregular occurrences and lying at moderate
angles of dip. Whether they are of normal
thickness and free from irregularities must remain
to be seen after careful exploratory work by
drilling and underground operations.
Prospecting in the Bering river coal field is in
many respects a difficult task owing to the occurrences
of a dense covering of moss on the mountain
slopes and to the fact that during fully six months
of the year snow covers the summits of the higher
mountains.
The covering of moss below- the timber line is
usually so thick and difficult to handle that practically
no attempt is made to search for outcrops
there, except in limited areas where trees are lacking
and the covering of moss is thin due to accumulation
of snow lasting far into the summer.
Owing to the excessive rainfall and the saturated
condition of the moss it is not possible to
burn it off, a common method of procedure of prospectors
searching for outcrops in certain regions.
The search for outcrops below timber line is
then confined to the cuts and gorges formed by
the mountain streams, and even the precipitous
walls of the gorge may be covered with moss particularly
on southern exposures.
ATiove timber line the character of the moss
changes, being thinner and more compact. The
roots of both the moss and other low growing
plants embed themselves in
THE DISINTEGRATED HOOK,
sand and soil, to such an extent that excavation
by pick and shovel is very difficult. Fortunately
many of the outcrops occur at such an elevation
that the moss interferes very little, although the
majority of the locations have been made by search

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
between the timber line and the summits of the
mountains and therefore in the moss.
In his search for outcrops the prospector employs
trenches and pits, which vary from a fewfeet
to many rods in length. Usually the thickness
of covering, both moss and disintegrated
rock, is seldom greater than 12 to IS inches although
considerably greater depths are encountered,
even requiring the digging of trenches 4 to
6 feet deep. The trenches are run as nearly as
possible at right angles to the strike of the formations
or other known outcrops, but the prospectors
are often careless in this respect and consequently
occasionally do much useless work.
Aside from the location of outcrops there is still
much remaining for the prospectors to do. as for
instance, the determination of thickness of bed,
character of coal, occurrence of irregularities, etc.
The sinking of pits on the outcrops will give much
of the desired information and it only remains for
the prospector to properly interpret the facts thus
secured, which is not always an easy task, particularly
where folding and faulting are so predominant.
Many serious mistakes have been made
due to the fact that the prospector did not appreciate
that the thickness of a coal bed must be
measured normal to both dip and strike. The
thickening and squeezing out of beds due to folding
is also a common cause of error, the information
reported being at a later date proven to be
far from correct.
As soon as the prospector has satisfied himself
that workable coal beds have been located he
MAY FIM APPLICATION
for patent on his claim covering an area of 160
acres. A deposit of $1.00 per acre must accompany
the application.
Owing to the rugged character of the country
and the outcrop of the coal beds from the base
to the summit of the mountains, drifts, tunnels
and slopes will be the means usually employed of
opening the mines in this field. Occasionally both
vertical and inclined shafts might be employed to
advantage, particularly when it is desired to work
properties not accessible by drifts or tunnels, as
when located along stresses, in parks on benches
of the mounts, and on the summits of the mountains.
Areas of considerable extent and of comparatively
level ground frequently occur at such
points which would be impossible to develop by
drifts or tunnels without securing the right of
way through other properties. The cost of driving
and maintaining long lines of tunnels might
furthermore exceed that of sinking and operating
vertical or inclined shafts.
When it is found desirable to develop coal beds
extending below the level of the water courses,
either vertical or inclined shafts would of necessity
have to be employed with openings begun at
the surface or from the level of the tunnels and
drifts, which in the latter case would be in the
nature of winzes or inclines.
The laying out of the workings for haulage and
ventilation would not differ from the usual methods
employed except as irregularities of beds would
require. However, if drifts are employed it
would be necessary to drive a new drift for each
level or lift opened, otherwise the coal would have
to be either raised or lowered to the level of the
main opening.
This might be desirable for the establishment of
new levels would necessitate the shifting of the
surface plant.
Neither would the development of coal beds occ
lining in basins present any novel or
EXCEPTIONAL FEATURES,
but would follow the usual practice as for instance
is employed in the anthracite mines of Pennsylvania.
There is only one property in the Bering river
coal field, namely, the McDonald mine on Bering
lake, on which an attempt has been made to extract
coal by regularly developing the mine and
turning off rooms. Only one level has been opened
and about seven rooms have been worked. The
work done thus far has been largely experimental
and owing to the irregularities encountered in the
coal bed has not proven very satisfactory.
The method employed in this mine consists in
running 50 foot raises in the coal at right angles
to the main drift, which are sub-divided into a
manway and coal chute. From the upper end of
tbe raises rooms are turned off at right angles,
thus paralleling the main haulageway or drift.
The rooms are very narrow, being 6 feet wide and
are therefore merely drifts. The coal is handled
in wheelbarrows, by which it

much wider range in choice of methods than would
otherwise be possible.
Work at the face or breaking down the coal,
provided it continues to be badly broken, would
be largely a matter of picking and shoveling, with
considerable care taken to
SUPPORT THE TOP ROCK.
Undercutting would be necessary and be the most
difficult part of the work as is usually the case.
Very little if any powder would be necessary,
except when rolls, horses and other irregularities
occur.
Gas is reported as having been encountered in
practically all parts of the field and at a number
of the drifts and tunnels safety lamps have been
used. However, the occurrence of candles in
working throughout the field would indicate that
they were in general use. The writer entered
practically every drift and tunnel in tne field, making
careful observations with a safety lamp but
found absolutely no trace of gas.
Ventilation of the openings is provided for in
a few instances by airshafts, which owing to the
limited extent of the workings and tbe difference
in elevation of the openings ensure the maintenance
of an excellent circulation of air.
That there were small quantities of gas in the
drifts and tunnels while being driven is not doubtful
for in certain workings miners were slightly
injured by flaming of gas, while in the McDonald
mine two men were killed and one seriously by
what was supposed to be a gas explosion. Careful
examination of this mine with a safety lamp after
it had been standing idle for at least eight months
showed not the slightest trace of gas. As there
is no air shaft nor other means to establish and
maintain a movement of tbe air, the inference is
that a dust rather than a gas explosion occurred.
which is not improbable due to the exceedingly
broken condition of the coal and the large percentage
of fine coal produced in mining.
It was the practice, we are told, in a number of
the drifts regularly to burn off the gas before beginning
work due to the fact that
VISITORS RATHER THAN MINERS
had been burned on lighting candles in the drift
instead of carrying them lighted.
The arrangement for ventilation at the McDonald
mine consists of an airway driven in the bottom
rock, on the same level and paralleling the
main drift, wdiich was possible as the coal bed
dips at an angle of 50 degrees or more. From
this airway inclined raises are put up connecting
with the rooms turned off the ends of the raises
in the coal from the main drift. The rooms are
connected with drifts, thus forming a continuous
passage at the top of the raises and consisting of
airways alternating with rooms.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
A fan situated at the surface forces air through
the main airway, when the mine is operating,
thence up the raises to the rooms through which
it passes and finally returns to the surface by way
of the manways and main drifts.
The face of the main drift is furnished with air
by leading a wooden conductor from the end of
the airway into and along the top of the drift
to a point some 15 feet distant from the face.
The fan may be employed to force air into the
mine or to exhaust it by simply reversing the direction
of rotation.
Owing to the great difference of elevation that
would exist on practically every property in this
field due to the fact that drifts and tunnels will
probably be largely employed in opening the mines,
the problem of ventilation should not prove a difficult
one.
The excessive rainfall in this field together with
the thick covering of moss occurring on the mountains
is responsible for the undiminished flow of
the mountain streams throughout the summer and
during most of the winter seasons. As the water
is not permitted to run off imt rather to drain off
the opportunity for it to
SEARCH OUT FISSURES,
crevices and broken ground as well as outcrops of
porous strata, is vastly increased, thus ensuring
a large quantity of ground water which must be
contended with in opening and Working the mines.
As the majority of the coal beds are more or
less highly inclined and often extend along the
sides of the mountains for some distance they tend
to intercept tbe water draining off from above,
making the coal beds and associated strata water
courses, with the attendant weakening and disintegration
of the coal and rock strata.
The most practical and economical method of
handling the large quantities of water that would
undoubtedly be encountered in the mines opened
in this field would be by drifts and tunnels, such
as are now being employed as exploratory openings
and which are now serving as diains for the present
large quantities of water met with.
Probably one of the most difficult problems confronting
the miner in this field will be that of
support. The weak condition of much of the toprock,
and the occurrence of bells, rolls and sills
will need to be carefully studied and adequate
means taken to prevent undue injury to miners
through falls.
A supply of fairly good mine timber can be had
at tbe mines, tbe heavily wooded mountain slopes
will furnish an ample supply of mine timber for
many years. Spruce and hemlock are abundant
and are probably t'le best suited foi mine use.
Further, by the placing of saw mills all of the lum-

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
her required for building and other structures
could be obtained readily and cheaply.
The only form of timbering so far employed is
the set which is extensively employed in the drift
and tunnels. Round or roughly hewn timber built
into three-quarter and full sits are usually employed.
However, the Alaska Development Co.,
operating on Kushtaka ridge, has
USED SAWN TIMBER
for sets in a few instances, which are 12 x 12 inches
and in certain cases are set close together, although
as a rule they are spaced 4 feet center to
center and are heavily logged.
At present the only means of communication
with this field is by water. A regular line of
steamers handles passengers and freight between
Seattle and Katalla, from which point they must
go by launch to Controller bay and thence up the
Bering river to the coal fields. Ordinarily, it
requires seven days to make the trip from Seattle
to Katalla, while from Katalla to the coal fields
another day will be required.
Owing to the shallow water ol the Bering river
no large nor even moderate sized boats can be
navigated upon it, even the smafl gasoline launches
that operate between Bering lake and Controller
bay and further up the Bering river seldom make
a passage without running aground several times
on the mud banks.
Once in the field it is simply a matter of following
more or less well made trails leading to the
various camps, coal properties and boat landings.
Various attempts have been made to build lines
of railroad into the coal fields, but as yet they are
far from completion. Th" building of railroads
in this region would serve a double purpose,
namely, to connect the coal fields with the coast
and provide a route into the Copper river region.
The attempt to build a breakwater at Katalla
proved disastrous, the whole expenditure being
practically a loss. Katalla bay without a breakwater
is not a safe place for coal docks or other
extensive harbor improvements.
Controller bay has the disadvantages that ice
is more or less troublesome during severe winters,
and that it would require the placing of
THE COAL BUNKERS
and other dock facilities at considerable distance
from the land owing to the extensive shoals bordering
the bay on the north and east.
Other harbors have been proposed as Orca bay
and Cordova, but all have s u-ious disadvantages
as viewed largely from tbe standpoint of various
interests.
Two railroad routes have been surveyed into the
Bering river coal fields and a number of miles
of track have actually been laid. The Copper
River & Northern and the Alaska Petroleum Railroad
& Coal companies propose to run lines up the
Katalla river to and across Bering lake and into
the coal fields by easy grades. Further, both lines
also propose to have docks on Controller bay. The
Copper River & Northern railroad would also connect
with the existing line up Copper river.
No coal field can be developed without adequate
railroad facilities, but on the other hand it would
hardly be worth considering building a railroad
until the coal held to be served had been thiroughly
explored and its value proved. Under the
present policy of the government nothing can he
done in this field at present and consequently there
is no special need of transportation. Thus the
matter rests, but tlie country is in many respects
in a worse condition than had no coal been discovered.
The following analyses, furnished by the United
States Geological Survey, show the composition of
the coals and their fuel value.
Kind of
Coal
Anthracite .
Semi-anthra
o 2
i- 5
^
SS
~ -2 S
S.0
-a 2
5 c
>o3 o o
fc t
0.15 78.23 7.74 1.30 12.80
cite
Semi-bitumi
8.87 76.06 9.27 1.08 S.77
nous 4.IS 14.00 72.42 9.39 1.73 5.2S
As is evident the ash content of these coals is
high, which will necessitate special care in mining
to prevent the mixing of waste, otherwise the percentage
of ash would be unduly increased.
Owing to the badly fractured condition of the
coal of this field, breakage by mining and handling
is excessive, and as the market value depends
largely upon the size it is evident that if sold as a
direct product of the mines a serious reduction in
value would result. If, however, the coking coals
could be coked while the non-coking, such as the
anthracite and semi-anthracite coals, could be briquetted,
or were all the coals briquetted, it is veryprobable
that their value might be raised to a competition
basis.
Probably 50 per cent, of the coal of this field is
suitable for coking, the remaining 50 per cent.
being different grades of anthracite. It might,
therefore, be possible to so divide the products between
coking and briquetting that an over-production
of either would not result.
In conclusion the following statements may be
made regarding the occurrence of coal in the
Bering river coal fields: The character of the coal
is good considered from the standpoint of heat
units; the physical condition of the coal is very
poor, being badly broken; there are numerous
irregular occurrences of waste materials in the coal

fields; the top rock is almost universally weak
and badly broken; the coal beds are badly folded
and high inclinations are common; and the thickening
and thinning of the coal beds and their displacement
due to faulting are of frequent occurrence.
There are, however, numerous coal beds
in which the badly broken condition of the coal
is apparently the only adverse feature, but how
long such conditions wouid maintain is merely
conjectured.
Further, there is no doubt but that the quantity
and value of the coal of the fields have been greatly
exaggerated, probably being over estimated by 50
per cent. The value of th3 coal as a direct product
of the mines is small, but by coking and briquetting
the value may be so enhanced that it might
readily be placed on the market in competition
with the coal of other fields. However, it is
doubtful whether Alaskan coal will ever become
a competitor with the coal of tbe States and
Canada, but, what the people of Alaska demand and
have a right to ask is that the fuel close at home
may be used for home consumption, thereby greatly
benefiting and increasing the growth of her various
industries.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following patents of interest to the coal
trade are reported expressly for THE COAL TRADE
BULLETIN, by Joseph M. Nesbit, Patent Attorney,
Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa., from whom printed
copies may be procured for 15 cents each:
Automatic dump car, E. L. Stoltzfus, Gap, and
I. B. Miller, Paradise, Pa.; 1,057,683.
Mine car wheel, G. T. Potter, Connellsville, and
C. B. Pritchard, Everson, Pa., and 0. L. Marquet,
Wellsburg, W. Va.; 1,057,978.
Mine car wheel, J. S. Skelly, Monongahela, Pa.;
1,058,110.
Coal separator, S. T. Pratt, Nanticoke, Pa.; 1,-
058,259.
Car feeding device for cages, C. E. Brooks and
Clarence Gates, Bowerstown, Ohio; 1,058,405.
Slate picker, C. S. Farrer, Dunmore, Pa.; 1,058,-
854.
Crusher roller for coal breakers, etc.. E. L. Clark-,
Scranton, Pa.; 1,058,94S.
Mining machine, Charles McKinnon, Mindenmines,
Mo.; 1,059,18S.
Mining tool, L. F. Hess, Ansted, W. Va., assignor
to Hess Dustless Mining Machine Co., same place;
1,059,463.
The coal operators of Kentucky and Tennessee
held their first quarterly meeting of the year at
Knoxville recently.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES FOR
CERTIFICATES IN PENNSYLVANIA MINES
P. J. Fried, mine inspector of the Sixteenth
anthracite district of Pennsylvania, has announced
the men who successfully passed examinations for
mine and assistant mine foremen in order to procure
legal certificates. They are:
Mine foreman—Joseph McCormick, James Golden,
Philip Myer, John Berry, Jessie McCracken,
Shamokin; Robert Kramer, William Plummer, Trevorton;
Bert Golden, Bear Valley.
Assistant foreman—Richard Davis, William Mc­
Call, Stanley Mogasky, James Buggy, William J.
Williams, James Semmons, Thomas Rupp, John
Heath, Henry Shoolin, Jr., Harry Snyder, George
Buckner, Shamokin; Michael Golda, Kulpmont;
Ira Long, Trevorton.
Mr. George F. Westcott, for several years manager
of the Buffalo office of the Jeffrey Manufacturing
Co., died at Chelsea, .Mass., recently, aged 5S
years. He had been ill for the past eighteen
months and since the first of the year had been at
Palm Beach, Fla., in the hope of regaining his
health. Mr. Westcott was a member of the Buffalo
Ad club and the Ellicott club. He is survived by
his wife, Mrs. Mary Ella Westcott; a daughter,
May Ella, and a son, Otis 3., all of Buffalo, and his
mother, Mary A. Westcott, of Castine, Me.
Mrs. Christina Louisa Whyel. widow of Matthias
Whyel, died recently at the home of her
daughter, Mrs. John Link, in Pittsburgh. She
would have been 90 years old June 2. She was
born in Germany and came to America about 62
years ago. Three sons, John A., Harry and
George of Uniontown, all w-ell known in the coke
trade, one daughter, Mrs. John Link of Pittsburgh,
a sister, Mrs. Pauline Sturm; 31 grandchildren
and 4S great grandchildren survive.
Mr. Charles W, Agard, New Bedford, Mass.,
agent of the Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron
Co.. died May 3 at New Bedford. He was about
63 years of age and had been in the Reading's
employ 35 years. Mr. Agard, was formerly member
of the old firm of Agard, Moody & Co., miners
and shippers in the early history of the coal trade.
Mr. David Edwards, mine foreman for the
Knickerbocker Coal Co. at Hooversville, Pa., fell
dead there recently of apoplexy, aged 57.
The Chesapeake & Ohio has officially announced
the suspension of the new tariff on coal to Washington
until August 16. It is to be investigated
by the Interstate Commerce Commission.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CHANGES IN OFFICIALS.
The Consolidation Coal Co. announces these
changes among officials in its West Virginia division:
J. A. Cook, engineer of the company, has been
appointed superintendent of mines Nos. 30 and 45
at Beechwood and Murray vice W. H. Hess, trans­
ferred.
Thomas Smith, superintendent of mines Nos. 30
and 60 at Two Lick and West Fork, transferred
to superintendent of mine No. 24 at Montana, vice
H. M. Smith, resigned.
W. H. Hess superintendent of mines Nos. 30 and
45 transferred to superintendent of mine No. 21
at Gypsy, vice A. V. Morgan.
E. G. Vincent, mine foreman of mine No. 32 ap­
pointed superintendent of mines Nos. 30 and 60,
vice Thomas Smith transferred.
COAL MINE ACCIDENTS IN UNITED STATES
During the calendar year 1912 there were 2,360
men killed in and about tbe coal mines of the
I'nited States. Based on an oatput of 550,000,000
short tons of coal produced by 750,000 men, the
number of men killed for every 1,000,000 tons of
coal mined was 4.29, and the death rate per 1,000
employed was 3.15.* The number of men killed
was tbe least since 1906, the death rate per 1,000
employed was the smallest since 1899, the death
rate per 1,000,000 tons of coal mined was the low­
est, and the number of tons of coal produced in
proportion to tbe number of men killed was the
greatest on record. These facts offer indisputable
evidence that conditions tending toward safety in
coal mining are actually improving and that coal
is now being mined with less danger to the miner
than ever before. The general improvement in
1912 as compared with 1911 is shown by the following
facts:
In 1912 the number of men killed in the coal
mines of the I'nited States was 359 less than in
1911—2,360 as compared with 2.719—a decrease of
13.2 per cent., and this in spite of the fact that
there were more men employed in the mines and
more coal mined than in any previous year.
The death rate per 1,000 men employed in 1912
was 3.15, as against 3.73 in tne previous year, a
decrease of 15.5 per cent.
tistics are available, partly due, perhaps, to exceptionally
mild weather during the last few-
months of the year decreasing the likelihood of
disastrous coal dust explosions, there has been an
annual improvement for a number of years, as indi­
cated by the accompanying table:
Number of men killed in and about the coal mines
in the United States in the calendar years
1907 to 1912, inclusive, with death rates.
Number killed.
Per Per
1,000 1,000,000 Production
Years. Total. em- short tons per death,
ployed. mined. short tons.
1907 3.197 4.SS 6.93 144,000
1908 2,449 3.64 6.05 165,000
1909 2,668 4.00 5.79 173,000
1910 2,840 3.92 5.66 177,000
1911 2,719 3.73 5.48 183,0-00
1912 2,360 3.15 4.29 233,000
It will be noted from the foregoing table that
the death rate per 1,000,000 tons of coal mined
has decreased annually, that tbe production per
death has increased each year since 1907, and that
the death rate per 1,000 men employed has stead­
ily decreased during the last four years.
Til is general improvement has been brought
about by a combination of causes, the principal
one of which has been more efficient and effective
mine inspection on the part of the state mining
departments and state mine inspectors throughout
the country, supplemented hy greater care on
the part of both the operators and the miners. The
investigative and educational work of the Bureau
of Mines has kept both the operator and the miner
alive to tbe various dangers connected with coal
mining and lias shown what precautions should be
taken to avoid these dangers. The bureau is
therefore gratified with th- improvement shown,
particularly as the greatest improvement relates
to dangers concerning which the bureau has been
conducting special investigations, as is shown
later. The bureau, however, can not too strongly
express its appreciation of the co-operation of the
state mining officials and tbe operators in the work
of making coal mining safer.
Although there has been an annual improvement
During 1912 for every 1,000,000 tons of coal
in mine-safety conditions since 1907. and a particu­
mined 4.29 men were killed, as compared with 5.48
larly notable one in 1912, a still greater decrease
men in 1911, a decrease of 21.7 per cent.
in the death rate can be effected. Whether or not
There was 233,000 tons of coal mined for each
such an improvement will be made in 1913 depends
man killed in 1912, as compared with 183,000 tons
largely on the care exercised by the operators, su­
in 1911, an increase of 50,000 tons, or 27.3 per cent.
perintendents, foremen, and all others in authority
Although the improvement in 1912 was greater
and by the miners as well, to prevent the rise of
than in any previous year for which accurate stadangerous
conditions and to avoid unnecessary
•Statistics for 1912 arc subject to slight revision. risks when such conditions have arisen.

SUSQUEHANNA RELIEF FUNDS.
A new kind of benefit fund, in which the mine
workers themselves contribute a percentage of
their wages for one day and the operators the rest,
is being successfully tried at three of the subsidiary
collieries of the Susquehanna Coal Co. in
the anthracite region of Pennsylvania. Usually
the mine workers remain idle on the day of a
funeral. At these collieries the custom has been
instituted of having the mine workers work and
contribute 20 per cent, of that day's wages to the
fund for the family of the deceased while the company
contributes $200.
The Susquehanna Coal Co. has had a relief fund
in its main collieries at Mineral and Nanticoke
ever since 1887. under which it pays out about
$20,000 a year. This fund, which is managed by
tbe company free of charge, consists of a graduated
scale of assessments on the wages of the mine
workers who are members, the company contributing
an equal amount. Membership is open to
all employes, inside and outside, and the members
are divided into four classes: those receiving between
$2.00 and $2.50 a day, those receiving between
$1.51) and $2.00 a day, those receiving between
$1.00 and $1.50 a day, and those receiving
less than $1.00 a day. Members of the first class
contribute $2.25. those of the second $1.75, those
of the third class $1.25 and those of the fourth
$0.75. The contributions are assessed as needed.
In case of accidental death $5000 is paid from
the fund for funeral expenses, $3.00 a week to the
widow for one year and $1.00 a week for each
orphan under 12 years of age for one year. In
case of accidental injuries, not fatal, $6.00 a week
is paid to members of the first class, $4.60 a week
to members of the second class, $3.30 a week to
members of the third class, and $2.00 a week to
members of the fourth class for a period of three
months. No payment is made for injuries which
do not incapacitate the member for a longer period
than two weeks.
According to Shipping Illustrated, it is reported
from Genoa. Italy, that American coal is slowly
obtaining a hold on that market as is shown from
the fact that the two cargoes recently arrived have
been completely sold in small parcels, sellers refusing
to sell over 500 tons to one buyer. Other
cargoes are on passage and are offering at 27s.
and 27s. 6d.
The first meeting of the creditors of J. K. Dimmick
& Co.. in bankruptcy, was held May 14 in
Philadelphia, before David Werner Amram, referee.
The creditors who attended proved their
claims, examined the bankrupt, and transacted
other business common to such meetings.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS •<
The new public utilities commission of Indiana,
which succeeded the railroad commission, is hearing
an important case involving a proposal of the
Big Four and the Vandalia to raise the freight
rates on coal from 50 to 55 cents a ton from the
Indiana field to Indianapolis. The proposed increase
involves other roads. Manufacturers and
commercial organizations have filed a protest,
chiming that the increase is not warranted.
A special meeting of the stockholders of the
Westmoreland Coal Co. has been called for June
16 tor the purpose of voting on the proposition to
increase the capital stock of the company by $1,-
000,000, which will be offered to stockholders pro
rata at $50 per share. This will bring the capital
up to $6,000,000. The proceeds of the issue
will be used to purchase new coal lands.
On the ground that he had been illegally discriminated
against in freight races, Samuel D.
Hall, a retail coal dealer of Philadelphia, was given
a verdict of $51,069 against the Pennsylvania Railread
Co. in common pleas court at Philadelphia
April 22. Hall claimed the railroad company allowed
two of his competitors rebates, one of them
"more than $341,000 in 10 years."
Shipments of anthracite coal through the "Soo"
canals during April amounted to 214.814 tons, all
of which passed through the U. S. Canal. Bituminous
tonnage passing through the "Soo"
amounted to 514,384 tons, compared with 46,779
tons in 1912. Of the bituminous tonnage 378,490
tons went through the U S. Canal and 135,894
tons through the Canadian.
The Alabama Co., which recently took over the
properties of the Alabama Consolidated Coal & Iron
Co., has elected the following directors: J. William
Middendorf, Berkeley Williams. Hennen Jennings,
William C. Paige, Joshua Levering, Summerfield
Baldwin, William C. Seddon; Henry Shriver,
Cumberland, Md., and Clarence J. Jacobs, Wilmington,
Del.
Fire of incendiary origin, on May 8, destroyed
the Pick-Away breaker owned by the McCauley
Coal Co. of Pittston and situated on the mountain,
back of Yatesville, entailing a loss of $15,-
000. Owing to there being no fire fighting agencies
available nothing could be done to check the
fire.
The Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. is
starting a new stripping about three miles west
of St. Clair, Pa., the coal from which will be prepared
in the Wadesville breaker.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Taxation of Mines In Various Countries.
(CONTINUED EROM PAGE 42)
notably in Australia and the Belgian Congo—
sums payable under the title of "fixed duty" may
be merged into those payable as "proportional
duty." This is quite a fair arrangement. The
"fixed duty" is essentially a tax against Sexploitation,
or may be taken as representing the
minimum of what the "proportional duty" should
amount to. Thus considered, it corresponds to
that minimum obligation to work which is one
of the features of our system of leases and to
which so large a proportion of mineral legisla­
tion still applies. However, there is one aspect
of the case which must be noted, and that is, that
tne Treasury prefers super-imposition; it does not
like giving back anything.
The "proportional duty" is essentially the special
tax of exploited mines. It has been in vogue
at all times in two different forms, which may he
distinguished as the duty on the "gross produce"
and the duty on the "net produce." These terms
have, in actual taxation, significations which may
vary, and which it is very necessary to define
precisely. In the administrative sense, "gross
produce" is essentially the value of the substances
extracted from the mine, the gross receipts resulting
or which might result from their sale, or
again what economists and financiers would call
"turnover." The "net produce" is the profit resulting
from these sales—that is to say, the receipts
from which have been deducted the cost
of extraction and all the other operations necessary
before arriving at the point of sale. The
"net produce" thus understood, is, on the other
hand, often called by
ECONOMISTS AND FINANCIERS
"gross profit," or even "gross produce," in order
to retain the term "net produce" or "net profit"
solely for the purposes of expressing what is
essentially the "distributed profit" or "dividend";
the "gross profit" or the "gross produce" in this
signification is merely the "industrial" profit before
distribution, more especially before alloca­
tion to redemption funds and reserves.
For tbe purposes of this discussion, it will be
convenient to refer to "gross produce" and "net
produce" in the administrative sense above stated.
But, under these appellations, and without the
fundamental character of the tax changing in any
way, the various countries may apply forms which
may sensibly modify its actual effect in one case
or another.
The "gross produce" may be calculated according
to the quantities extracted, whether they have
been sold or not, or merely according to the quan­
tity sold. In arriving at the valuation, the prices
obtaining at the site of the mine may be taken,
or the prices of actual sales, or prices more or
less conventional.
The "net produce," in its turn, may be, in re­
gard to certain expenses, more or less conventional,
or may approach more or less to the dis­
tributable profit or dividend, even so far as to
become counfounded with it, as in our income tax,
the German Einkommensteuer,!! the Italian Rich-
ezza Mobile, and the French Forfaitaire duty of
the French Act of 1910. It must be remarked,
however, that whatever these differences may be,
or how great in practical effect, the fundamental
character of the tax, its type, remains the same.
The system of imposing duties on the gross
produce, and more especially in its particular
form of application to the ton, either at a fixed
rate, or varying by agreement according to the
sale price, is essentially the method practised between
private individuals when there is no ques­
tion of works created by the public authorities,
but consented to by them. This is particularly
the basis of our royalty system, as also in the
case of the proportional subsoil duties in the
Loire.
A last form and a more special and exceptional
one, is met with, particularly in new countries,
when, for the sake of facility in collection, the
tax is not collected at the mine, but on exportation
from the country.,! These export duties, so
far as they are mineral taxes,
MAY BE EITHER SPECIFIC,
as in New Caledonia, Chili. Algeria-Tunisia,
or ad valorem as in Indo-China.
The rates of each of the two types of proportional
duties do not vary less among the various
countries than do their forms; and the differences
between the latter may sometimes partially explain
the variations of the former. Thus, as regards
the gross produce, rates of taxation are
to be found varying from yz per cent, up to 20
and 30 per cent., these extreme figures naturally
resulting only from special circumstances. As regards
the net produce, setting aside exceptional
forms, which aim rather at the sharing of extra
profit, the tax varies from 2.5 per cent, to 10 or
12 per cent., and in the Belgian Katanga is as
much as 33 per cent.—a quite exceptional amount.
Moreover, in Rhodesia, the chartered company
upon which the colony is dependent takes half
the profits of the persons authorized to esetablish
works there.
In any consideration of the enormous differences
in the rates of these duties, especially on the
§ In the German Einkommensteuer there are
however, abatements or averages to he taken into
account which make it so that it does not correspond
exactly to the distributed dividend in
practice.
I As in tlie case nl the nitrates in Chili tlie
phosphates in Algeria and Tunisia, the various
mineral substances in Indo-China.

gross produce, it must be remembered that the
higher figures refer generally to deposits from
which the net produce is large in proportion to
the gross produce, which illustrates the wellknown
economic influence of "natural conditions"
on mineral deposits.
It is particularly interesting to enquire whether
there is any connection, and if so, what, between
the rates of one and the other of these two types
of proportional duties. To what does a certain
percentage of the gross produce correspond on
the net produce, or inversely? This question must
perforce lead to the recognition of one of the
most salient features of the mining industry,
which is distinct in a way, and which merits
attention. In all other industries which are not
monopolized in deed or by law, in which competition
is free and open, there is established in each
of them, owing to the fact of such competition,
for a time, a certain average relation between
the net produce and the gross produce, the value
of which will depend more particularly on the
capital required to be sunk in order to obtain a
definite gross produce, in quantity if not in value.
It is quite different in regard to mines, where
the proportion between the gross produce and the
net produce is, within certain limits, capable of
amounting to something
COMPARATIVELY ENORMOUS.
This proportion between the two may, as a matter
of fact, in some measure serve to characterize each
mine from the economical and financial point of
view.
It is necessary, no doubt, in considering these
differences of proportion, to ascribe some effect
to the different financial policies of the companies,
to their method of distribution and their use of
the gross profit. The influence of "natural conditions"
remains nevertheless predominant and of
considerable importance. Competency of management
may, no doubt, beneficially influence the net
cost, as errors of management may diminish, for
a time, the effects of natural conditions and even
compel a suspension of dividend for some time.
These are vexations which, however, pass away
with time. The effect of the natural conditions
alone remains.
Again, it should be borne in mind that the
proportion between the net produce and the gross
produce must have theoretically a tendency to
increase with time in consequence of the theoretical
increase in value of mineral substances
in the future consequent on their exhaustion, if,
as would probably be the case, this enhancement
in sale prices is not compensated by a corresponding
rise in the net cost. The "privileged" mines
would become more privileged.
This economic phenomenon of the "natural conditions"
of mines, whose consideration is so full
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 67
of interest, ensures to certain mines at the present
day, and, in a theoretical sense, perhaps to
all mines in the future, an extra profit or a superprofit.
This recalls to one's mind the "ground
tax" of Ricardo. Although his theory has been
strong criticised, it had something equitable about
it; the same idea recurs today in another form
when reference is made to "privileged sites." It
may be easily seen that a system of taxation
might be applied to mines, with particular reference
to their "natural conditions," similar to that
under which taxes on surplus values of real estate
are levied in this country and Germany, and already
proposed in France.
Should the State desire to obtain increased
financial returns from its mines, one apparently
simple mode of doing this is to increase the rating
assessment of the mining taxes, as was done in
France in 1910. On the other hand, the mining
industry would not be likely to tolerate, more
than any other industry, certain added burdens
in taxes, and there might possibly be the fear
that, with an industry possessing really a monopoly,
the exploiting companies, being strong
enolgh to resist the tax, might
PASS THE NEW CHARGE
on to the consumers, which probably has been the
case more than once.
The position is quite different in the case of a
tax established in such a manner that it touches
only the super-profit referred to above. In all
probability the tax would remain in such a case
on the owner of the "privileged" mine, as generally
such a producer has no interest in raising
the sale prices, which theoretically depend rather
on producers placed in ordinary circumstances.
It would be rather to the producer's interest to
lower his sale prices in order to further extend
the field of his supplies.
This principle has been applied—so far as the
author is aware—only in South Africa, and even
there only on a moderate scale, under the Taxation
Act of 1910. The eventual necessity of keeping
in view the question of sinking funds—which
will be obvious to everyone—has been applied
here, although it appears to entail very serious
difficulties.
The same idea, in another form, inspired thescheme
of the Bill brought forward in the Belgian
Parliament in 1905, which, however, came to no
result. In this case the mines were differentiated
according to the value of the specific net profit
per ton—a principle which could only be adopted
in a country that has collieries only. The Belgian
Bill only sought to impose this supplementary
tax on future mines, which would not be a rational
basis for any tax.
The same principle in a third form is also found
in the "supplementary tax" of the Mines Bill of

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Messrs. Barthou and Millerand and the Budget of
1910 of M. Cochery; but the scheme came to no
more result in France than in Belgium. In this
case, however, the differentiation of the mines
was arrived at by taking the proportion of the
net product to the amount of capital sunk in the
undertaking. But, in contradistinction to the
Belgian scheme, this tax was to have been applied
simultaneously to all the mines, on those
already instituted as well as on those to be
opened up. The increment tax of the Finance Act
of 1910, in this country, emanates from the same
fundamental idea, but it is of a different nature
and has a different end in view. It is directed
to the property of the mine, taken by itself, as
landed estate, and not to its exploitation as a
commercial undertaking.
So far only those duties and taxes collected
by the State for its own direct benefit have been
considered; but in several countries the mines
are subject to special taxes in favor of the different
members of the State, such as its provinces,
communes, etc.
These local taxes constitute in certain countries,
with reference to Prussia especially, really formidable
charges when considered in relation to
the State charges. They have, moreover, the
vexatious peculiarity — whose inconvenience increases
with their burden—that
THEY MAY VARY
to a considerable extent in one district, or between
one locality and another. When these local
taxes are the result of the application of general
industrial taxes, the blame can only be laid upon
the burden of general taxation. But the same
regime, in view of the peculiar character of the
mining industry, may lead, as in Russia, for
example, to a considerable surcharge on the mining
industry in comparison with other industries.
In addition to the real taxes in favor of the
State or its members, there exist in various countries
obligatory insurances in favor of the miners,
which may be of a special nature, if not as to the
vnn rAN'T
LOOK ,NTO THE
, I Ul tiill 1 EARTH> but WE
C A N get you a large
clean core of all strata under
your land tc be examined
in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
STheJ. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
i Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
j Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
; Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
kind of insurance, at least as to the rate; the
result of this is that there are prior deductions
to be made by the mining undertakings which,
owing to their being obligatory, resemble a tax
the returns from which are applied in one special
direction only. This is the case especially in
Belgium and France.
Although the effect of such deductions in Prussia
and the other German States is to place a very
heavy burden upon the mining industry—and a
similar scheme of compulsory insurance has now
been introduced into this country—no special remarks
are made with regard to them here, owing
to the fact that they are not really charges peculiar
to the mining industry in such countries,
but are rather general charges on the industries
of these States.
The work involved in a minute study of the
taxation of any one country is so great that a
comparative study of the taxation of various
countries can only be of a general and superficial
character.
The literature on this subject is extremely
meagre, and the author, after consulting the Report
of the Royal Commission on Mining Royalties,
the paper in the "Transactions" of the Institution
of Mining Engineers, by A. HassamJ G.
Humphreys-Davies,** and E. J. Castle, Q.C.tt
was obliged to communicate, in the majority of
cases, with the various governments through the
usual channels.
The paper concludes with a statement as to the
taxation in the various countries considered, arranged
according to the alphabetical order of the
countries.
' Trans. Inst. M.E.,
** Trans. Inst. M. 10..
tt Trans. Inst. M. 10.,
'I. xxix.. page (III et sect
il. iii., page 77:! et seq.
il. vii., page 428 et sect
Barnett Fishman, a coal dealer of 101 Broome
street, New- York City, was fined $500 and sentenced
to 60 days in the city prison recently for selling
short weight coal.
An inebriated gentleman was going home one
evening when he met a young man who was moving
to a new home. The young man was very
frugal and had decided to move his own things
rather than pay a mover.
On this trip he had a large hall clock on bis
back. It was heavy and he struggled until he
heard the inebriated one call out:
"Shay, there, you!"
Thinking the man was going to help him, he set
down the clock and said:
"Well, sir?"
He was astonished to hear tiie other stammer:
"Shay, you, why don't you buy a watch?"

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 69
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
COAL
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
For Sale.
Block of 1,700 acres of Westmoreland domestic
and steam coal, with railroad facilities. Address,
EDWARD B. HORN,
No. 436 Linden Ave., Johnstown, Pa.
FOR SALE
4,000 acres of tested coal property in a body in
Southern Ohio, on rail transportation. Apply,
WILLIAM ALTON, JR., Bigelow Block, Chicago.
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal M'ne.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky.
5000 Acres of Coal Land
For Sale.
k bargain. Full particulars and
prices upon application.
W. A. HAMILTON,
Terre Haute, lnd.
FOR SALE.
Besides accessible Timber Tracts and operating
Coal Mines and Lands: On Rail a fine Kentucky
Cannel Coal Mine in operation.
W. G. HAMILTON,
Louisville, Ky.
Coal yard, switch, scale, house and stable.
Price $4,500. H. SOENTGEN, Ford City, Pa.
We have in stock for immediate delivery, the
following hoisting engines:
4 Pairs of 8" x 10."
4 Pairs of 10" x 12."
4 Pairs of 12" x 16."
Write for prices and description.
THE EXETER MACHINE WORKS,
Pittston, Pa.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis' of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
IF YOU WANT to buy from 1,000 to
4000 acres of Coal Mining Rights in
Hopkins County, Ky., directly on Louis­
Located in the famous Southern
ville & Nashville R. R., at a bargain price
Illinois field, thoroughly tested and and on liberal terms, and if you mean
of unsurpassed quality and quantity, business, write me,
with excellent shipping facilities.
I. BAILEY,
Madisonville, Ky.
Surrounded with up-to-date mines.
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTBVTIXE. PA.

s
NEW ENTERPRISES
Farmers' Coal, Grain & Elevator Co., Woodward,
Okla.; capital, $.",,000: incorporators, I. J. David,
George A. Stewart, J. I. Carpenter, D. R. Thacker,
William A. Campbell, \V. R. Smith and .1. H. Hamilton
of Woodward.
Connellsville Coke & Fuel Co., Connellsville, Pa.;
capital, $90,000; incorporators, R. Marietta. W. F.
Soisson, V. H. Soisson, W. PI. Soisson, Charles
Weihe, Wm. Marietta, .lesse G. Percy, all of Connellsville,
Pa.
Blackberry-Thacker Coal Co., Huntington, W.
Va.; capital, $100,000; incorporators, J. C. Miller,
•lohn E. Briscoe, Frank W. Riggs, George S. Wallace,
and M. E. Brown, all of Huntington.
Lake Borgne Coal Co., Portland, Me.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, Norman W. Ringham, Jr.,
Newton, Mass.; Albert T. Gould, Cambridge, Mass.;
and Frank D. Marshal, Portland.
White Oak Coal & Coke Co. of Kentucky, Louisville,
Ky.; capital, $25,000; incorporators, C. S.
Madis, W. H. Knrk, C. A. McKamay and H. S.
Phillips.
Trans-Pecos Mining Co Phoenix, Ariz.; capital,
$1,000,000; incorporators, A. S. McChesney, J. B.
Davis, Ben Palmer, and R. L. Carothers, all of
Pecos, Tex.
Chaparal Mining Co., Columbus. O.; capital,
$125,000; incorporators, P. L. Tanzy. R. C. Paine,
W. G. Brissman, 0. H. Boackee and R. S. Barbee.
Salem Mining Co., Salem, O.; capital, $75,000;
incorporators, Charles Estep, John E. Reese, J. E.
Morgret, XV. XV. Weaver and R. D. Anderson.
West Side Coal Co., Brazil, lnd.; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, C. H. Zeller, Lena Zeller, B. F.
Shrepferman, Minnie D. Shrepferman.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
Tiee Coal Co., Cleveland, O.: capital, $10,000;
incorporators, Howard A. Couse, Leon B. Eason,
Mary McManus, Charles B. Bayly and Clinton Dewitt.
[1
After a fight lasting since Jan. S, the Latrobe-
Connellsville Coal & Coke Co., has succeeded in
getting all the water out of its Derry No. 2 mine
near Bradenville, Pa., and tlie company now is
preparing to instal pumping machinery to prevent
any recurrence of flooding the mine.
The Tennessee Consolidated Coal Co., of Tracey,
Tenn., has purchased the property of the Fern
Hills Coal Co., at Owensboro, Ky., for $75,000.
The property includes 580V2 acres of coal, 87 acres
of surface ana all the machinery of the plant.
The initiating team of tbe Birmingham Breaker
of the Order KoKoal, introduced twenty-five New
Orleans coal men into the mysteries of the organization
recently and assisted in the formation of
the New Orleans Breaker.
The Altoona Coal & Coke Co. of Altoona. Pa., is
preparing to place in operation its coking plant
of 100 ovens at Coupon, Cambria county. Tbe
plant has been out of commission for some time
past.
Notice has been filed by the Brier Hill Iron &
Coal Co., Youngstown, O.. of a decrease in its capital
from $500,000 to $50,000.
The Bond Bruce Coal & Coke Co., at Coeburn,
Va., has been purchased by the Patrick' Hogan
estate, of Bristol, Tenn.
The Mahoning Coal Railroad Co. has declared a
dividend of $25 per share, payable May 15.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
SOUTH FORK, "ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C g^ A V
O A
PENNSYLVANIA.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
I Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
{ MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
COKE.
IENERAL OFFICES: - GREENSBURG, PA.
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\ AGME GOAL MINING GOMPANY, f
\ GREENSBURG. PA. !
» MINERS AND SHIPPERS •
; ACME AND AVONDALE (
I HIGH GRADE STEAM GOALS,
I MINKS, RIMER8BURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA. {
J SLIGO BRANCH B. A A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R. S
i *
S C. J. RENWICK, Sales Agent, Prudential Building, BUFFALO, N. Y.
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5 GENERAL OFFICES. . . . GREENSBURG. PA. |
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