Phan Coxhead Vietnam Wage Paper April 14 2011 - Agricultural ...

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16 to accumulate human capital, which will hinder long-‐term economic growth to the extent that this depends on steady progress up the quality (and thus skill-‐intensity) ladder. To offset the effects of globalization-‐driven changes from the demand side of the market for skills requires policy reforms and investments that address supply, mainly through improvements in the quality, quantity and affordability of education. At the same time, there is a large growth dividend associated with the further relaxation of special treatment for SOEs. As a group, these industries absorb a large share of Vietnam’s investment capital and skilled labor, yet they are highly inefficient and their activities contribute relatively little to overall income growth. 11 11 To illustrate, CIEM estimates a state-sector ICOR of 17.5 as opposed to a private sector ICOR of 4.6 (cited in Asia Times: “Vietnam changes course”, April 12 2011, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/MD12Ae01.html).
17 Table 1: Mean hourly wages (thousand VND) 1993 1998 2002 2004 2006 2008 all 1.83 2.90 3.83 4.54 4.56 7.34 Gini 0.38 0.35 0.42 0.36 0.35 0.39 men 2.07 3.10 3.99 4.74 4.77 7.62 women 1.49 2.59 3.57 4.22 4.23 6.91 men/women ratio 1.39 1.20 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.10 T-‐stat for diff. in mean b/t men & women 6.95 5.16 5.40 5.62 5.50 3.78 rural 1.80 2.46 2.96 3.69 4.02 5.99 urban 1.87 3.53 5.46 5.82 5.38 9.38 urban/rural ratio 1.04 1.43 1.84 1.57 1.34 1.56 T-‐stat for diff. in mean b/t rural & urban 0.86 12.65 24.62 18.80 13.25 16.40 Kinh 1.84 2.95 3.98 4.61 4.63 7.44 minority 1.70 2.27 2.22 3.43 3.53 5.73 Kinh/minority ratio 1.08 1.30 1.79 1.34 1.31 1.30 T-‐stat for diff. in mean b/t Kinh & minority 0.80 3.47 9.20 4.45 4.40 3.51 Public 1.71 3.23 5.49 5.64 5.61 9.34 Non-‐public 1.89 2.73 3.14 3.60 3.65 5.84 Public/nonpublic ratio 0.90 1.18 1.75 1.57 1.54 1.60 T-‐stat for diff. in mean b/t public & private 2.08 5.95 25.24 21.70 21.75 20.28 no degree 1.76 2.53 2.54 3.07 3.13 4.80 primary school degree 1.99 2.68 3.03 3.50 3.53 5.39 middle school degree 1.74 2.68 3.72 3.92 3.89 5.60 high school degree 1.75 3.20 4.70 5.42 4.99 7.82 college degree and higher 2.03 5.36 7.37 8.08 8.42 14.74 T-‐stat for diff. in mean b/t primary degree & others 2.32 4.57 10.59 12.37 12.16 10.64 T-‐stat for diff. in mean b/t middle school degree & others 1.34 3.48 3.24 7.24 8.02 9.89 T-‐stat for diff. in mean b/t high school degree & others 0.88 2.54 8.82 9.32 5.97 3.74 T-‐stat for diff. in mean b/t college degree & others 1.25 17.73 28.00 27.74 32.60 32.18 NOTE: all wages have been deflated to January 1998 prices
Page 1 and 2: 1 For presentation at the 8 th Midw
Page 3 and 4: 2. Vietnam’s wage growth and wage
Page 5 and 6: 5 Our descriptive analysis so far s
Page 7 and 8: China has undergone such a sweeping
Page 9 and 10: 9 In stylized form, we can think of
Page 11 and 12: 11 where Year2 is a dummy for the l
Page 13 and 14: premium actually decreased during 1
Page 15: 15 Each individual’s wage is dete
Page 19 and 20: Table 3a: Determinants of Wage - OL
Page 21 and 22: 21 Table 6: returns to education in
Page 23 and 24: References Arbache, J. A. Dickerson
Page 25 and 26: Appendix A: Data Notes 25 The prima
Page 27 and 28: 27 Electricity, gas, and water prod

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