Phan Coxhead Vietnam Wage Paper April 14 2011 - Agricultural ...

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20 Table 4: Oaxaca-‐Blinder Decomposition of Sources of Wage Growth Δlog(wage) 1993-‐1998 1998-‐2002 2002-‐2008 % contribution Δlog(wage) % contribution Δlog(wage) % contribution Observed total increase in log(wage) 0.543 0.217 0.933 Due to increase in base wage 0.275 50.7% 0.141 64.9% 0.666 71.4% Due to changes in characteristics 0.028 5.2% 0.024 11.2% 0.023 2.5% Years of education 0.014 2.6% -‐0.004 -‐1.8% 0.046 5.0% Years of experience 0.003 0.6% 0.136 62.4% -‐0.191 -‐20.5% Years of experience squared -‐0.001 -‐0.2% -‐0.091 -‐41.7% 0.124 13.3% Male dummy 0.002 0.5% 0.002 0.9% -‐0.001 -‐0.1% Ethnic minority dummy 0.000 0.0% -‐0.011 -‐5.1% 0.006 0.6% Urban dummy 0.015 2.7% -‐0.035 -‐15.9% 0.007 0.8% Public sector dummy -‐0.004 -‐0.7% -‐0.012 -‐5.6% 0.024 2.6% Tradable industry dummy -‐0.001 -‐0.2% 0.000 0.2% 0.008 0.9% Due to changes in returns to characteristics 0.240 44.1% 0.091 41.8% 0.244 26.1% Years of education 0.229 42.2% 0.028 13.1% 0.142 15.2% Years of experience 0.046 8.5% -‐0.008 -‐3.7% 0.139 14.9% Years of experience squared 0.008 1.4% -‐0.028 -‐13.1% -‐0.021 -‐2.3% Male dummy -‐0.076 -‐14.0% 0.007 3.1% 0.008 0.8% Kinh ethnicity dummy 0.002 0.3% -‐0.021 -‐9.7% 0.022 2.4% Urban dummy 0.046 8.5% 0.033 15.1% -‐0.039 -‐4.2% Public sector dummy 0.006 1.0% 0.131 60.4% -‐0.042 -‐4.5% Tradable industry dummy -‐0.021 -‐3.8% -‐0.051 -‐23.5% 0.035 3.7% Notes: Bold means statistically significant at 5% or less Italic means statistically significant at 10% Table 5: average hourly wage by educational level and institution, 1993 Public Nonpublic Public/Ratio no degree 1.89 1.75 1.08 primary school 1.85 2.02 0.92 lower secondary 1.54 1.88 0.82 upper secondary 1.63 2.01 0.81 college & above 2.04 1.90 1.07 Wage ratio (base = no degree) no degree 1 1 primary school 0.98 1.16 middle school 0.82 1.07 high school 0.86 1.15 college & above 1.08 1.09 Wages are in thousand VND, January 1993 price, deflated regionally and monthly
21 Table 6: returns to education in public vs. private sectors 1993 1998 2002 2008 public private public private public private public private primary -‐0.084 0.116 -‐0.002 0.051 0.038 0.068 0.015 0.065 middle -‐0.165 0.118 0.020 0.066 0.134 0.078 0.076 0.126 high -‐0.031 0.109 0.145 0.171 0.252 0.216 0.398 0.211 college 0.251 0.272 0.505 0.875 0.557 0.600 0.764 0.581 educ_yrs 0.029 0.018 0.053 0.023 0.053 0.019 0.081 0.024 Notes: Bold means statistically significant at 5% or less Italic means statistically significant at 10% OLS regressions with robust and clustering adjusted standard errors Other covariates (experience, gender, ethnicity, urban, trade) were included but not reported Table 7: structure of employment 1993 1998 2002 2004 2006 2008 Self employed 73.9% 59.1% 63.9% 60.7% 58.7% 58.3% Wage employed 26.1% 40.9% 36.1% 39.3% 41.3% 41.7% Public 5.8% 7.1% 9.3% 13.3% 14.2% 13.6% Private 20.3% 33.7% 26.8% 26.0% 27.1% 28.1% Table 8: Difference in Differences in Differences Estimation Dependent variable: log(hourly wage) 1993 & 1998 1998 & 2002 2002 & 2008 Later year dummy (a1) 0.527 0.171 0.857 trade (a2) 0.057 -‐0.009 -‐0.143 public (a3) -‐0.228 -‐0.142 0.168 Later year * trade (b1) -‐0.131 -‐0.140 0.111 trade * public (b2) 0.004 0.066 0.137 Later year * public (b3) 0.135 0.336 0.052 Later year * trade * public (c ) 0.107 0.061 -‐0.171 Years of education 0.022 0.036 0.041 Years of experience 0.021 0.023 0.026 Years of experience squared 0.000 -‐0.001 -‐0.001 Male dummy 0.218 0.171 0.176 Kinh ethnicity dummy -‐0.007 -‐0.307 -‐0.278 Urban dummy 0.139 0.230 0.217 Constant -‐0.090 0.317 0.420 Notes: Bold means statistically significant at 5% or less Italic means statistically significant at 10% OLS regressions with robust and clustering adjusted standard errors
Page 1 and 2: 1 For presentation at the 8 th Midw
Page 3 and 4: 2. Vietnam’s wage growth and wage
Page 5 and 6: 5 Our descriptive analysis so far s
Page 7 and 8: China has undergone such a sweeping
Page 9 and 10: 9 In stylized form, we can think of
Page 11 and 12: 11 where Year2 is a dummy for the l
Page 13 and 14: premium actually decreased during 1
Page 15 and 16: 15 Each individual’s wage is dete
Page 17 and 18: 17 Table 1: Mean hourly wages (thou
Page 19: Table 3a: Determinants of Wage - OL
Page 23 and 24: References Arbache, J. A. Dickerson
Page 25 and 26: Appendix A: Data Notes 25 The prima
Page 27 and 28: 27 Electricity, gas, and water prod

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