Canopies and Corridors - International Fund for Animal Welfare

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Climate The climate of the Garo Hills is monsoonal and is directly influenced by the south-west monsoon. On the basis of climatic conditions the year may be divided into summer, rainy, autumn and winter seasons. The summer season (April to mid May) is characterized by relatively high temperature, occasional thunderstorms and high velocity winds. In this season, the average maximum temperature goes upto 30.7º C. The rainy season commences with the onset of the south-west monsoon in mid May and lasts upto September. This is the wettest period of the year and about three fourths of the total annual rainfall is received during this period. The mean annual rainfall is 2400 mm. The ambient temperature is close to that of the summer season. The rainy season is followed by a brief autumn (October and November) which is characterized by a sharp decline in rainfall and lowering of temperature. This is a transitory period between rainy and winter seasons. The winter season (December to March) is the coldest period of the year. Morning fog and dry weather are the characteristic features of this season. A few intermittent light showers are also received during this period. The mean temperature goes down to 7.5ºC during mid winter i.e., December/January. Soil The soil of Garo Hills district varies from dark brown to dark reddish-brown in colour and its texture varies from loamy to fine loam. The soil is poor in silica but rich in clay forming materials. The soils are rich in organic matter and nitrogen but deficient in phosphorous and potassium. The soil of the district is acidic in nature (Sarma, 2002). Canopies and Corridors Demography Demographic statistics The tribal population of Garo Hills districts is 97.3% against the state tribal population of 80% (2001 State Census). The decennial growth rate of the tribal elements in Garo Hills districts is 24.50% against the state growth rate of 29.40%. The male-female population, decadal growth rate, sex ratio and density are given in Table 2 and details of the area, rural and urban, child male-female population are given in Table 3. Literacy East Garo Hills district has maximum literacy (61.70%) followed by South Garo Hills (55.82%) and West Garo Hills districts (51.03%). The literacy rates of the Garo Hills districts and the state is shown in Table 4. The literacy rate is lower in the Garo Hills as compared to the state average. People The Garo Hills districts is dominated by the Garo tribe, while other tribes like Hajong and Rabha are also found in small numbers in isolated pockets, in areas bordering Assam. The matriarchal law of inheritance, by which custody to property and succession of family position runs through the female line passing from the mother to the youngest daughter, is a common cultural tradition of Garo tribes. Christianity, Animism (the worship of nature deities and other spirits), Hinduism and Islam are the main religions. Traditional customs are maintained, and religious festivals include Table 2 Population, decadal growth rate, sex ratio and density - State and Garo Hills Districts, 2001 Source: Census of India 2001 15
Table 3 Population, child population (age-group 0 -6 Years) in different Garo Hills districts of Meghalaya Table 4 Literates and literacy rates in different districts of Meghalaya varied forms of dance and are an important element in the local culture. Wangala is the prominent festival of the Garos and is dedicated to the Sun God. The area is rich in tribal culture and folklore. Drinking and dancing to the accompaniment of traditional music, bamboo flutes, and drums are an integral parts of religious ceremonies and social functions. The advent of Christianity in the mid- 19th century, along with its strict morality, has somewhat weakened many of the tribal institutions. [Source: Census of India-2001] [Source: Census of India-2001] The Garo Group is a part of the greater Bodo-Kachari family both by ethnic group and language. Their present location enabled them to maintain many of their traits and characteristics. Significant changes came only after the British colonization of the area in the first half of the nineteenth century. However, the inhabitants of the frontier regions, displayed significant influences of the East Bengal Province and Assam. Geographically, the Garo tribes have two divisions viz., those living in the plains and those living in the hills. There are twelve main divisions of 16 Canopies and Corridors
Page 1 and 2: Eds: Rahul Kaul, Sandeep Kumar Tiwa
Page 3 and 4: The International Fund for Animal W
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD February 12, 2008 Forests
Page 7 and 8: The report is an outcome of relentl
Page 9 and 10: The sixth schedule of the constitut
Page 11 and 12: conducted covering the whole of the
Page 13 and 14: Geographical location The state of
Page 15: Fig. 2 Map of the three Garo Hills
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 3 Map showing blocks of the Ga
Page 21 and 22: Table 7 Classification of area unde
Page 23 and 24: Table 8 Number of jhumias in Garo H
Page 25 and 26: To make recommendation for changes
Page 27 and 28: (c) In any matter relating to any s
Page 29 and 30: Management and administration of co
Page 31 and 32: Notes and comments The statement of
Page 33 and 34: Purpose Conservation and protection
Page 35 and 36: FCA was not applied to forest land
Page 37 and 38: should be a partnership of all the
Page 39 and 40: PART A 1. The United Khasi-Jaintia
Page 41 and 42: Sacred groves The sacred groves are
Page 43 and 44: another clan wants land, then the N
Page 45 and 46: Meghalaya, with its diverse habitat
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 2 Tiger in Balpakram National
Page 49 and 50: Ainsliaea latifolia, Panax pseudo-g
Page 51 and 52: B. West Garo Hills C. South Garo Hi
Page 53 and 54: Introduction There is an increasing
Page 55 and 56: Fig.1 Landuse map of Garo Hils dist
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 4 Land use map of South Garo H
Page 59 and 60: Fig 6 Map showing areas under diffe
Page 61 and 62: Table 6 List of woody species and i
Page 63 and 64: Fig 8 Dominance-distribution curves
Page 65 and 66: 64 Canopies and Corridors
Page 67 and 68:
and invasion of weedy and other spe
Page 69 and 70:
Balakrishnan, N.P. 1981-83. Flora o
Page 71 and 72:
the first stage sampling units and
Page 73 and 74:
Survey Survey was conducted on the
Page 75 and 76:
engaged in forest resource collecti
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87.2% birds and 79.5% fishes. Only
Page 79 and 80:
industry. A large part of bamboo is
Page 81 and 82:
Introduction Forest resources play
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82 Canopies and Corridors
Page 85 and 86:
Profile of the Sample Age-sex compo
Page 87 and 88:
Initiatives for the conservation of
Page 89 and 90:
Laws for legal protection of forest
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have done good work for forest cons
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92 Canopies and Corridors Fig. 2 Fo
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The conflict has also resulted in i
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Fig. 8 Map of Ranggira- Nokrek elep
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Fig. 9 Map of Nokrek - Imangiri ele
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Fig. 10 Map of Imangiri -Rewak elep
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Fig. 11 Map of Siju -Rewak elephant
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Fig. 12 Map of Siju -Balpakram elep
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106 Canopies and Corridors Fig. 13
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area. The Nokma and local community
Page 111 and 112:
Fig. 18 Piglets distributed among A
Page 113 and 114:
Selbalgre village (about 20 kms fro
Page 115 and 116:
Fig. 4 Notification of Selbalgre Vi
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Fig. 9 Fishery tank being prepared
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(i) Careful steps should be taken t
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communities. The major tribes of th
Page 123 and 124:
ANNEXURE II T.N. GODAVARMAN THIRUMU
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foolproof institutional arrangement
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16. Units who do not want to shift
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tools and implements for prosecutio
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e delegated to it by the Regional C
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constituted by such Council in appe
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(c) taxes on the entry of goods int
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specify in the notification; (c) th
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(3) Every order made under sub-para
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(2) Every member whether elected or
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(f) fisheries; (g) water, that is t
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(d) prescribe that no person reside
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Act, 2003 (44 of 2003), s. 2 , so a
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consider the desirability of introd
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Order: Insectivora Family: Soricida
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Tiger Panthera tigris tigris (Linna
Page 155 and 156:
ANNEXURE V List of Birds reported f
Page 157 and 158:
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedi
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Family: Paridae Melanochlora sultan
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Order: Testudines 1. Hardella thurj
Page 163 and 164:
Order: Primates Family: Cercopithec
Page 165 and 166:
ANNEXURE IX
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A. OCCASIONAL REPORTS OTHER WTI PUB
Page 169 and 170:
Emergency Relief Network Digest 200
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Canopies and Corridors - International Fund for Animal Welfare

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