Canopies and Corridors - International Fund for Animal Welfare

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Fig.1 Forest cleared for slash and burn (Jhum) cultivation in Garo Hills Premna barbata, Saprosma ternatum, Leea umbraculifera, Goniothalamus simonsi, etc. The shrub layer is comprised of Draceana elliptica, Canthium angustifolium, Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus, Ardisia thomsonii, Lasianthus hookeri, Hyptianthera stricta etc. Grasses and a number of perennial herbs and some emergent ferns occasionally cover the forest floor heavily covered by humus and litter. Wood rotting fungi are abundant on fallen tree trunks and branches. Climbers and lianas are also present in large numbers in these forests. A few important lianas are: Hodgsonia macrocarpus, Beaumontia grandiflora, Gnetum scandens, Ventilago madraspatana, Cayratia pedata, Chonemorpha fragrans, Ampelocissus latifolia, Phanera nervosa, P. khasiana, Lasiobema scandens, Combretum roxburghii, Entada purseatha, Schefflera venulosa etc. These climbers, which intertwine with each other and entangle trees, render the forests almost impenetrable. Some ferns obviously epiphytic ones, perch over these giant lianas at intervals. A few climbers like Thunbergia glandiflora, Gouania tiliaefolia, Adenia trilobata, Solena heterophylla, Pegia nitida, Desmos longiflorus etc. that are associated with lianas, give the forest margins and openings a closed cascade-like appearance. The high reaches of the Canopies and Corridors lofty trees are often blanketed by a lush growth of epiphytic orchids like Pholidota imbricata, Dendrobium sp., and other species such as Hoya parasitica, Asplenium sp., Aeschynanthus suparba, etc. imparting colour and elegance to the canopy while in bloom. Wherever the canopy is slightly open, ascending epiphytic climbers mainly of the Araceae, such as Raphidophora decursiva, R. lancifolia, Pothos scandens etc. completely mask the tree trunks. Even though there is no uniformity in the distribution of dominant tree species in these forests, yet in some places their dominance can be marked. For example, Sapium baccatum in Umsalem, Baghmara, Rongra, Balpakram, etc. and Xerospermum glabratum in Rongrengiri. Along river courses, Duabanga grandiflora is more prevalent with under storey trees like Vatica lanceaefolia. ii. Tropical semi-evergreen forests: These forests occupy the northeastern and northern slopes in the state, typically up to an elevation of 1200 m and where annual rainfall is 1500-2000 mm with a comparatively cooler winter. The number of species is fewer than that of the evergreen zone. There are also a few deciduous species in these forests such as Careya 45
Fig. 2 Tiger in Balpakram National Park arborea, Dillenia pentagyna and Callicarpa arborea. Further, there is a clear stratification of the trees in these forests as well. The top canopy includesElaeocarpus floribundus, Dillenia pentagyna, D. indica, Hovenia acerba, Ehretia acuminata and Lithocarpus fenestratus. The second storey is composed of Micromelum integerrimum, Garcinia lanceaefolia, Sapindus rarak, Symplocus paniculata, Rhus acuminata, Dalbergia assamica, Bridelia monoica, Vernonia volkameriaefolia and Ficus hirta. The shrub layer is not very dense. The common shrubs are Randia griffithii, Boehmeria sidaefolia, Ardisia thomsonii, A. floribunda, Clerodendrum bracteatum and Eriobotrya angustissima and the common perennial herbs are Costus speciosus, Curcuma domestica, C. zedoaria andHedyotis sp. iii. Tropical moist and dry deciduous Forests: This type of forests occurs at comparatively low elevations where annual rainfall is below 1500 mm. Typical natural deciduous forests do not occur anywhere in Meghalaya. They are only sub-climax or man-made forests (Tripathi, 2002). These forests are characterized by seasonal leaf shedding and profuse flowering of the trees. Recurrent forest fires are a common phenomenon here. Deciduous forests are much more extensive in their distribution in the state. They include a host of economically important trees like Shorea robusta, Tectona grandis, Terminalia myriocarpa, Sterculia villosa, Lagerstroemia flos-reginae, L. parvifolra, Morus laevigatus, Artocarpus chaplasha, Gmelia arborea, etc. in both natural forests and as a plantation. Schima wallichii, Artocarpus gomeziana Tetrameles nudiflora, Lannea coromandelica, Salmalia malabarica, Erythrina stricta, Premna milleflora, Vitex peduncularis, Albizzia lebbek, A. lucida and Terminalia belerica are abundant in these forests. The trees of the deciduous canopy are tall, straight-boled and with spreading crown. A distinct second storey can usually be observed in these forests and this zone is composed of Aporosa roxburghii, Croton joufra, C. disperma, Mallotus tetracoccus and Glochidion lanceolarium. These trees, which are smaller than the canopy trees, are laxly branched and have a narrow crown. The shrub layer is often gregarious and forms an impenetrable thicket during rainy season with profuse growth of stragglers and spreading shrubs interwoven by slender annual climbers. The main 46 Canopies and Corridors
Page 1 and 2: Eds: Rahul Kaul, Sandeep Kumar Tiwa
Page 3 and 4: The International Fund for Animal W
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD February 12, 2008 Forests
Page 7 and 8: The report is an outcome of relentl
Page 9 and 10: The sixth schedule of the constitut
Page 11 and 12: conducted covering the whole of the
Page 13 and 14: Geographical location The state of
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 2 Map of the three Garo Hills
Page 17 and 18: Table 3 Population, child populatio
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 3 Map showing blocks of the Ga
Page 21 and 22: Table 7 Classification of area unde
Page 23 and 24: Table 8 Number of jhumias in Garo H
Page 25 and 26: To make recommendation for changes
Page 27 and 28: (c) In any matter relating to any s
Page 29 and 30: Management and administration of co
Page 31 and 32: Notes and comments The statement of
Page 33 and 34: Purpose Conservation and protection
Page 35 and 36: FCA was not applied to forest land
Page 37 and 38: should be a partnership of all the
Page 39 and 40: PART A 1. The United Khasi-Jaintia
Page 41 and 42: Sacred groves The sacred groves are
Page 43 and 44: another clan wants land, then the N
Page 45: Meghalaya, with its diverse habitat
Page 49 and 50: Ainsliaea latifolia, Panax pseudo-g
Page 51 and 52: B. West Garo Hills C. South Garo Hi
Page 53 and 54: Introduction There is an increasing
Page 55 and 56: Fig.1 Landuse map of Garo Hils dist
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 4 Land use map of South Garo H
Page 59 and 60: Fig 6 Map showing areas under diffe
Page 61 and 62: Table 6 List of woody species and i
Page 63 and 64: Fig 8 Dominance-distribution curves
Page 65 and 66: 64 Canopies and Corridors
Page 67 and 68: and invasion of weedy and other spe
Page 69 and 70: Balakrishnan, N.P. 1981-83. Flora o
Page 71 and 72: the first stage sampling units and
Page 73 and 74: Survey Survey was conducted on the
Page 75 and 76: engaged in forest resource collecti
Page 77 and 78: 87.2% birds and 79.5% fishes. Only
Page 79 and 80: industry. A large part of bamboo is
Page 81 and 82: Introduction Forest resources play
Page 83 and 84: 82 Canopies and Corridors
Page 85 and 86: Profile of the Sample Age-sex compo
Page 87 and 88: Initiatives for the conservation of
Page 89 and 90: Laws for legal protection of forest
Page 91 and 92: have done good work for forest cons
Page 93 and 94: 92 Canopies and Corridors Fig. 2 Fo
Page 95 and 96: The conflict has also resulted in i
Page 97 and 98:
Fig. 8 Map of Ranggira- Nokrek elep
Page 99 and 100:
Fig. 9 Map of Nokrek - Imangiri ele
Page 101 and 102:
Fig. 10 Map of Imangiri -Rewak elep
Page 103 and 104:
Fig. 11 Map of Siju -Rewak elephant
Page 105 and 106:
Fig. 12 Map of Siju -Balpakram elep
Page 107 and 108:
106 Canopies and Corridors Fig. 13
Page 109 and 110:
area. The Nokma and local community
Page 111 and 112:
Fig. 18 Piglets distributed among A
Page 113 and 114:
Selbalgre village (about 20 kms fro
Page 115 and 116:
Fig. 4 Notification of Selbalgre Vi
Page 117 and 118:
Fig. 9 Fishery tank being prepared
Page 119 and 120:
(i) Careful steps should be taken t
Page 121 and 122:
communities. The major tribes of th
Page 123 and 124:
ANNEXURE II T.N. GODAVARMAN THIRUMU
Page 125 and 126:
foolproof institutional arrangement
Page 127 and 128:
16. Units who do not want to shift
Page 129 and 130:
tools and implements for prosecutio
Page 131 and 132:
e delegated to it by the Regional C
Page 133 and 134:
constituted by such Council in appe
Page 135 and 136:
(c) taxes on the entry of goods int
Page 137 and 138:
specify in the notification; (c) th
Page 139 and 140:
(3) Every order made under sub-para
Page 141 and 142:
(2) Every member whether elected or
Page 143 and 144:
(f) fisheries; (g) water, that is t
Page 145 and 146:
(d) prescribe that no person reside
Page 147 and 148:
Act, 2003 (44 of 2003), s. 2 , so a
Page 149 and 150:
consider the desirability of introd
Page 151 and 152:
Order: Insectivora Family: Soricida
Page 153 and 154:
Tiger Panthera tigris tigris (Linna
Page 155 and 156:
ANNEXURE V List of Birds reported f
Page 157 and 158:
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedi
Page 159 and 160:
Family: Paridae Melanochlora sultan
Page 161 and 162:
Order: Testudines 1. Hardella thurj
Page 163 and 164:
Order: Primates Family: Cercopithec
Page 165 and 166:
ANNEXURE IX
Page 167 and 168:
A. OCCASIONAL REPORTS OTHER WTI PUB
Page 169 and 170:
Emergency Relief Network Digest 200
show all

Canopies and Corridors - International Fund for Animal Welfare

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?