Canopies and Corridors - International Fund for Animal Welfare

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Table 6 Administrative Units Apart from the district administration and headquarters, the functional units of the districts are given in Table 6. Forest institutions Two major modern institutions responsible for forest management in Meghalaya are the State Forest Department and the Autonomous District Councils. The Forest Department of Meghalaya encompasses within its jurisdiction, all forested areas of the state excluding those areas vested with the District Councils. The Forest Department started with two forest divisions, the United Khasi and Jaintia Hills Division and the Garo Hills Division. However, at present the forest department has 17 divisions and 3 more divisions, are likely to be established. The present thrust of the forest department is on all round restoration of the forest ecosystem. The action plan envisages creation of public awareness and greater involvement of people in afforestation programmes. The Autonomous District Council encompasses within its jurisdication, all areas outside National Parks, Sanctuaries and Reserve Forests and mainly comprises of Community and private forests. Forest Administration Meghalaya has an estimated forest area of 9,506 sq. km, of which only 725.13 sq. km. (7.6%) is under the control of the State Forest Department. The remaining forest areas are under the direct/indirect control of Khasi, Jaintia and Garo Hills Autonomous District Councils. The management of reserve forests is through the working plans prepared by the State Forest Department. The protected forests are maintained to preserve the catchments areas. Canopies and Corridors Types of Forests under the jurisdiction of the District Councils There are three kinds of forests under the jurisdiction of the District Councils: i) Old un-classed State Forests, which are under the direct control of District Councils ii) Clan/Community forests and iii) Private forests The control of District Councils on second and third categories of forests is limited only to the collection of royalty on the timber exported by the owners, outside their own area of trade. Land use Land use classification [Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics-2002] The land use and ownership varies from society to society depending on their cultures. The beliefs, traditions and taboos also determine the land utilization pattern in the region. However, spatial and temporal variations in physical environment, climate, soil conditions, topography and natural vegetation play a significant role in deciding the type of use a land is put under. For example, the land on hill slopes is either covered by forests or has been brought under shifting agriculture, while settled agriculture is practiced on the plain lands in the valleys. The land categories are shown in Table 7. The land under forests was 42.4% (9500.0 km 2 ) during 1997-99. The lands available for agriculture include the current fallow land, old fallow lands and the net sown area. The total area available for agriculture was 22% (4944.3 km 2 ). The other 19
Table 7 Classification of area under different land uses in Meghalaya cultivable land excluding fallow land includes the land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves and the cultivable wasteland. The area under miscellaneous tree crops and groves was 7% (1550.25 km 2 ) during the year 1998-99 while the area under cultivable wasteland was 20.8% (4656 km 2 ) during 1998-99. The land not available for cultivation is categorized as non-agricultural land, barren and uncultivable land. Land ownership patterns of Garos The UNO report on progress in land reform (1970) has given the definition of ownership of land as “the right to use land, together with the right to transfer that right to others. Both of these rights are more or less circumscribed by national or local laws, so that the exact context of ‘ownership’ varies from society to society”. The pattern of land ownership plays an important role in land use and agricultural planning. An understanding of the land ownership and related laws gives an insight into the problems faced by the [Data source: Directorate of Agriculture, Government of Meghalaya, 2001 society in implementing agricultural development and land use planning. The form of land ownership and the accompanying laws in Meghalaya are quite different from those in other parts of the country. Even in Meghalaya these differ from place to place and from tribe to tribe. Land ownership in Meghalaya is broadly of two types, viz. 1) Riotwary, and 2) Customary. The principle of Riotwary system is that the government deals directly with the actual landholder without the intervention of intermediaries. Customary land tenure system is totally different from Riotwary system. In customary land tenure, the right to use or to dispose of use right over land depends on whether such rights have been recognized as legitimate or not by the community. The rules governing the transmission of these rights are usually explicit and generally known. In the Garo Hills, the Riotwary system is prevalent in the mauzas with plain lands, and the customary land tenure system is prevalent in the hill mauzas. The existing pattern of land ownership in the Garo Hills is related to the type of cultivation 20 Canopies and Corridors
Page 1 and 2: Eds: Rahul Kaul, Sandeep Kumar Tiwa
Page 3 and 4: The International Fund for Animal W
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD February 12, 2008 Forests
Page 7 and 8: The report is an outcome of relentl
Page 9 and 10: The sixth schedule of the constitut
Page 11 and 12: conducted covering the whole of the
Page 13 and 14: Geographical location The state of
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 2 Map of the three Garo Hills
Page 17 and 18: Table 3 Population, child populatio
Page 19: Fig. 3 Map showing blocks of the Ga
Page 23 and 24: Table 8 Number of jhumias in Garo H
Page 25 and 26: To make recommendation for changes
Page 27 and 28: (c) In any matter relating to any s
Page 29 and 30: Management and administration of co
Page 31 and 32: Notes and comments The statement of
Page 33 and 34: Purpose Conservation and protection
Page 35 and 36: FCA was not applied to forest land
Page 37 and 38: should be a partnership of all the
Page 39 and 40: PART A 1. The United Khasi-Jaintia
Page 41 and 42: Sacred groves The sacred groves are
Page 43 and 44: another clan wants land, then the N
Page 45 and 46: Meghalaya, with its diverse habitat
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 2 Tiger in Balpakram National
Page 49 and 50: Ainsliaea latifolia, Panax pseudo-g
Page 51 and 52: B. West Garo Hills C. South Garo Hi
Page 53 and 54: Introduction There is an increasing
Page 55 and 56: Fig.1 Landuse map of Garo Hils dist
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 4 Land use map of South Garo H
Page 59 and 60: Fig 6 Map showing areas under diffe
Page 61 and 62: Table 6 List of woody species and i
Page 63 and 64: Fig 8 Dominance-distribution curves
Page 65 and 66: 64 Canopies and Corridors
Page 67 and 68: and invasion of weedy and other spe
Page 69 and 70: Balakrishnan, N.P. 1981-83. Flora o
Page 71 and 72:
the first stage sampling units and
Page 73 and 74:
Survey Survey was conducted on the
Page 75 and 76:
engaged in forest resource collecti
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87.2% birds and 79.5% fishes. Only
Page 79 and 80:
industry. A large part of bamboo is
Page 81 and 82:
Introduction Forest resources play
Page 83 and 84:
82 Canopies and Corridors
Page 85 and 86:
Profile of the Sample Age-sex compo
Page 87 and 88:
Initiatives for the conservation of
Page 89 and 90:
Laws for legal protection of forest
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have done good work for forest cons
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92 Canopies and Corridors Fig. 2 Fo
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The conflict has also resulted in i
Page 97 and 98:
Fig. 8 Map of Ranggira- Nokrek elep
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Fig. 9 Map of Nokrek - Imangiri ele
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Fig. 10 Map of Imangiri -Rewak elep
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Fig. 11 Map of Siju -Rewak elephant
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Fig. 12 Map of Siju -Balpakram elep
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106 Canopies and Corridors Fig. 13
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area. The Nokma and local community
Page 111 and 112:
Fig. 18 Piglets distributed among A
Page 113 and 114:
Selbalgre village (about 20 kms fro
Page 115 and 116:
Fig. 4 Notification of Selbalgre Vi
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Fig. 9 Fishery tank being prepared
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(i) Careful steps should be taken t
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communities. The major tribes of th
Page 123 and 124:
ANNEXURE II T.N. GODAVARMAN THIRUMU
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foolproof institutional arrangement
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16. Units who do not want to shift
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tools and implements for prosecutio
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e delegated to it by the Regional C
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constituted by such Council in appe
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(c) taxes on the entry of goods int
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specify in the notification; (c) th
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(3) Every order made under sub-para
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(2) Every member whether elected or
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(f) fisheries; (g) water, that is t
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(d) prescribe that no person reside
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Act, 2003 (44 of 2003), s. 2 , so a
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consider the desirability of introd
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Order: Insectivora Family: Soricida
Page 153 and 154:
Tiger Panthera tigris tigris (Linna
Page 155 and 156:
ANNEXURE V List of Birds reported f
Page 157 and 158:
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedi
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Family: Paridae Melanochlora sultan
Page 161 and 162:
Order: Testudines 1. Hardella thurj
Page 163 and 164:
Order: Primates Family: Cercopithec
Page 165 and 166:
ANNEXURE IX
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A. OCCASIONAL REPORTS OTHER WTI PUB
Page 169 and 170:
Emergency Relief Network Digest 200
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Canopies and Corridors - International Fund for Animal Welfare

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