Bringing Back Manas

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transects were covered for sampling during the period of bird survey. At each point/site, birds spotted along with its distance from the observer were identified to species level and their numbers were recorded. Calling birds were also recorded. Birds were identified using Ali & Ripley (1995) and Grimmett et al.,(1998). However, nomenclature follows Ali & Ripley (1995). Birds observed to be flying over the area of point transects or soaring overheads were not considered. However, flying birds were recorded if they were flushed out by the observer or observed to be flying into or out of the transect area during the ten-minute duration of the count. Counts were started 15 minutes after the sunrise and continued for three and half hours after that, approximately between 4.45 and 8.15 hours, each morning. Bird observations were made between April and May 2007. Mammalian survey The mammalian species seen along with their numbers were recorded during transect walks for bird and vegetation counts. Wherever a mammal species was seen, its numbers were recorded. In some cases, individuals were identified and the sexes and population structure of the group was also recorded. At each sighting, geographical co-ordinates of the point were also recorded. It was thus possible to place the location of the animal on the appropriate grid on the map. Vegetation characteristics Vegetation composition of trees, shrubs and herbs within each major forest type was assessed. For the purpose, sample points along prominent trails/transects within selected grids were selected at 500 m regular distance. The plots were located at 15 m distance on either side of transect/trail to avoid the Bringing Back Manas Fig.64 Assamese macaque (Macaca assamensis), a common mammalian species of BTC Table .19 Tree species richness in various habitats under BTC forest area NB: Values in parenthesis are the sample sizes in each forest type relatively disturbed vegetation found there. The circular plots of various sizes were laid at each sample point to quantify perennial woody species (tree & shrub) populations, whereas annual herbaceous vegetation (herbs & grasses) were enumerated in square plots within each point transect. The layout of sample plots was according to systematic sampling strategy with random start method (Muller-Dombois & Ellenberg, 1974; Causton, 1988). At each sample point a 10 meter radius circle was established. Within 10 meters radius of the central point of each point transect, all trees having a basal girth of 31 cm or above were identified to species and their numbers 69
Table 20 Shrub species diversities in various habitats under BTC forest area NB: Values in parenthesis are the sample sizes in each forest type were counted. After tree enumeration, another circle of 3 meters radius at the central point of the same sample point was established. Within this circle, all shrub species were identified to species and their numbers were counted. A square plot of 1 m 2 area was also established at the same point. Herbaceous annual plants falling within this plot were identified to species and their numbers were counted. Data analysis Bird density on a given transect was calculated as a cumulative number of individual birds of each species that were seen at a given site. Bird species richness was calculated as the cumulative number of bird species seen in a point (Ludwig & Reynolds, 1988), whereas general bird diversities and bird equities were calculated in accordance to Shannon- Wiener (1963) and Hill’s modified ratio (Hill, 1973), respectively. Diversity indices take into account both number of species present in a given site, as well as their relative proportions in a community. More diverse communities exhibit greater evenness of abundance across species and harbour greater number of species. The mammalian encounter rates were generated as number(s) of animals of a particular species seen per km walk of transect. Species composition of a community indicates the identity of a species and their relative abundance in the community. In such cases, the identity of individuals becomes important rather than simply number of species. In order to study the variations in bird species composition across various habitats in BTC area, a series of nonparametric tests were used to examine quantitative differences of bird densities, diversities, equities and richness among various habitats following (Sokal & Rohlf, 1995). While vegetation densities of each plant bio-morph at each sample unit was calculated following Curtis & Mcltonish (1950), their general diversity (H’) was computed in accordance to Shannon-Wiener (1963). Species richness of each plant bio-morph was calculated as total number of species of that life-form occurring in a sample unit (Ludwig & Reynolds, Table 21 Herb species diversities in various habitats under BTC forest area NB: Values in parenthesis are the sample sizes in each habitat 70 Bringing Back Manas
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BRINGING BACK MANAS Conserving the
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CONTENTS MESSAGES 5 PREFACE 7 ACKNO
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ROCKYBUL HUSSAIN Phone : (0361) 223
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The effort to bring back Manas was
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Manas’ wherein lodged within the
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parks, wildlife sanctuaries and res
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Introduction In 1996, the Supreme C
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Within the Bodo area of Assam, a
Page 19 and 20: However, the crucial and most signi
Page 21 and 22: One representative of the Forest or
Page 23 and 24: provisions shall “as far as may b
Page 25 and 26: According to Sec. 2(h) ‘local bod
Page 27 and 28: Local Biodiversity Fund Chapter XI
Page 29 and 30: Further, the Court issued various d
Page 31 and 32: economic decline will be feeding ea
Page 33 and 34: members of the tribal areas of Assa
Page 35 and 36: Profile of Bodoland Territorial Cou
Page 37 and 38: Table 2 District wise population di
Page 39 and 40: Table 4 Social Forestry Divisions F
Page 41 and 42: Terminalia bellerica, Schima wallic
Page 43 and 44: type of forest, grasses like Impera
Page 45 and 46: Introduction Land use and land cove
Page 47 and 48: 46 Bringing Back Manas Fig.23 Break
Page 49 and 50: Table.10 Land use and land cover an
Page 51 and 52: Table.12 Land use land cover and it
Page 53 and 54: Table 14 Land use and land cover an
Page 55 and 56: Table 16 Land use and land cover an
Page 57 and 58: The land use characteristics and sp
Page 59 and 60: Tippet’s random number series wer
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 43 Occupational distribution b
Page 63 and 64: purchased (1.89%) or collected free
Page 65 and 66: (d) Grasses, Cane and medicinal pla
Page 67 and 68: Anecdotal surveys conducted by amat
Page 69: Fig. 63 Map showing land use and la
Page 73 and 74: Table 22 Bird species diversities i
Page 75 and 76: Bird diversity Mean species richnes
Page 77 and 78: Fig.66 Map of the study area showin
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Page 81 and 82: Fig 70 Map of the study area showin
Page 83 and 84: The other ungulate of conservation
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Page 89 and 90: 88 Bringing Back Manas Fig.82 Map o
Page 91 and 92: Introduction Forest resources play
Page 93 and 94: people do not own any forest area.
Page 95 and 96: Fig. 95 People's perception on init
Page 97 and 98: was responsible for conflict in all
Page 99 and 100: Fig.113 District wise variation on
Page 101 and 102: department. However, 14.29% of peop
Page 103 and 104: While the Greater Manas concept was
Page 105 and 106: twin paddocks were deemed essential
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Page 112 and 113: crate. A long MS pipe, hooked on to
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Page 116 and 117: the release area, a thorough diseas
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) Whenever visual contact was lost,
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The need for training frontline for
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national average on state PAs is 40
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1. Introduction Urbanization and en
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3. Mobile Veterinary support in Low
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encountered was the Burmese rock py
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fall sick. Very often, small health
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Morgan, E.R., Lundervold, M., Medle
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spirit of the Constitution (seventy
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Bringing Back Manas APPENDIX ‘A
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medium of instruction in educationa
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10. Additional development package
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Background and Objective 9.22.1 The
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Act should be reviewed to plug the
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As regards Mizoram, the Commission
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Clarification - term ‘State Gover
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transportation by Railways will be
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pattern obtaining in the State of H
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districts or regions concerned, and
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cases of the nature referred to in
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(2) If any dispute arises as to the
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(b) the Governor may, by public not
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(2) Any direction given by the Gove
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(hereafter referred to as the exist
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education and research, protection
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*Paragraph 10 has been amended in i
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espective districts, shall have pow
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Bringing Back Manas (a) in the head
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Bringing Back Manas Species ANNEXUR
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Bringing Back Manas Plants/ha Speci
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Bringing Back Manas ANNEXURE 7 LIST
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Bringing Back Manas ANNEXURE 10 LIS
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Bringing Back Manas Species Birds/h
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Bringing Back Manas ANNEXURE 27 BIR
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Bringing Back Manas ANNEXURE 33 CUM
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Bringing Back Manas ANNEXURE 34 CUM
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Bringing Back Manas 233
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areas of Assam, Uttar Pradesh and W
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Unlike in the stabilization yard, c
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stopped every hours to thoroughly c
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1. Wildlife rehabilitation India’
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and front-foot circumference, body
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keeper’s shoulder or chest for co
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Considerations for selecting the re
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Bringing Back Manas ANNEXURE 37 Ori
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Session 5: 10.00 PM - 01.00 PM - Pr
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India at the International Whaling
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Bringing Back Manas Wildlife Trust
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