AN290 - Low Noise Amplifier with BFR840L3RHESD for 5 - Infineon

BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier with
BFR840L3RHESD for 5 to 6 GHz
WLAN Including 2.4GHz Rejection
using 0201 SMDs
Application Note AN290
Revision: Rev. 1.0
2012-06-06
RF and Protection Devices

Edition 2012-06-06
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2012 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
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Application Note AN290
Revision History: 2012-06-06
Previous Revision: No previous revision
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Page Subjects (major changes since last revision)
Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG
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CORECONTROL, CROSSAVE, DAVE, DI-POL, EasyPIM, EconoBRIDGE, EconoDUAL,
EconoPIM, EconoPACK, EiceDRIVER, eupec, FCOS, HITFET, HybridPACK, I²RF,
ISOFACE, IsoPACK, MIPAQ, ModSTACK, my-d, NovalithIC, OptiMOS, ORIGA,
POWERCODE, PRIMARION, PrimePACK, PrimeSTACK, PRO-SIL, PROFET, RASIC,
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Other Trademarks
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of Epcos AG. FLEXGO of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay is licensed by FlexRay Consortium.
HYPERTERMINAL of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA
of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MICROTEC, NUCLEUS of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS of MIPS
Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE (MWO) of
Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave Openwave Systems
Inc. RED HAT Red Hat, Inc. RFMD RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc.
SOLARIS of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian of Symbian Software
Limited. TAIYO YUDEN of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX of Tektronix Inc.
TOKO of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG, PALLADIUM
of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS, WIND RIVER
of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX of Diodes Zetex Limited.
Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 3 / 21
2012-06-06

Table of Content
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
List of Content, Figures and Tables
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 Wi-Fi ® ................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Device Overview: BFR840L3RHESD .................................................................................................. 6
2 5 to 6 GHz WLAN LNA with 2.4 GHz Rejection using BFR840L3RHESD ...................................... 7
3 Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 8
4 Summary of Measurement Results .................................................................................................. 8
5 Schematics ......................................................................................................................................... 9
6 Measured Graphs ............................................................................................................................. 11
7 Evaluation Board and Layout Information .................................................................................... 18
8 Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 20
9 Remark .............................................................................................................................................. 20
List of Figures
Figure 1 5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi ® Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11a/n/ac) and WiMAX (IEEE802.16e) Front-End 5
Figure 2 Schematic Diagram of the used Circuit ................................................................................................ 9
Figure 3 Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ....................................... 11
Figure 4 Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ...................... 11
Figure 5 Noise Figure of BFR840L3RHESD LNA for 5100 - 5900 MHz .......................................................... 12
Figure 6 Reverse Isolation of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ............................................. 12
Figure 7 Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ................................................. 13
Figure 8 Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD (Smith Chart) ........................... 13
Figure 9 Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD .............................................. 14
Figure 10 Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD (Smith Chart) ........................ 14
Figure 11 Wideband Stability k Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ............................. 15
Figure 12 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD .......................... 15
Figure 13 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFR840L3RHESD Circuit at 5500 MHz .................................. 16
Figure 14 Output 3 rd Order Intercept Point of BFR840L3RHESD at 5500 MHz ................................................ 16
Figure 15 OFF-Mode (Vcc = 0V, Icc = 0mA) S21 of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD ............ 17
Figure 16 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFR840L3RHESD Circuit at 2500 MH .................................... 17
Figure 17 Photo of the BFR840L3RHESD 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board .......................................... 18
Figure 18 Zoom-In on the BFR840L3RHESD 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board ..................................... 18
Figure 19 Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD .................. 19
Figure 20 PCB Layer Information ....................................................................................................................... 19
List of Tables
Table 1 Summary of Measurement Results ...................................................................................................... 8
Table 2 Bill-of-Materials ................................................................................................................................... 10
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 4 / 21
2012-06-06

1 Introduction
1.1 Wi-Fi ®
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Introduction
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi ® ) plays a major role in today’s communications by enabling constant
connection in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and broadband Internet access for users with
laptops or devices equipped with wireless network interface while roaming within the range of
fixed access points (AP) or a public hotspot. Different applications like home entertainment
with wireless high-quality multimedia signal transmission, home networking notebooks, mass
data storages and printers implement 5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi ® into their system to offer high-speed
wireless connectivity.
When wider coverage areas are needed and especially when a higher order modulation
scheme is used such as in emerging very high throughput wireless specifications like 256
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (256QAM) in IEEE 802.11ac, the SNR requirements for
both the AP and the client are more stringent. For this kind of high-speed high data rate
wireless communication standards it is essential to ensure the quality of the link path. Major
performance criteria of these equipments have to be fulfilled: sensitivity, strong signal
capability and interference immunity. Below a general application diagram of a WLAN system
is shown.
WLAN/WiMAX:
4.9 – 5.9 GHz
ESD
Diode
BPF
SPDT
Switch
Figure 1 5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi ® Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11a/n/ac) and WiMAX (IEEE802.16e) Front-
End
LNA
Power Detector
BPF PA
WLAN/
WiMAX
Transceiver IC
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 5 / 21
2012-06-06

BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Introduction
In order to increase the system sensitivity, an excellent low noise amplifier (LNA) in front of
the receiver is mandatory, especially in an environment with very weak signal strength and
because of the insertion loss of the SPDT switch and the Bandpass Filter (BPF) or diplexer.
The typical allowed receiver chain Noise Figure (NF) of approx. 2 dB can only be achieved by
using a high-gain low noise amplifier.
In addition, strong signal environment can exist when the equipment is next to a transmitter.
In that case, the LNA must be linear enough, i.e. have high 1dB compression point. This
avoids saturation, degradation of the gain and increased noise figure.
This application note is focusing on the LNA block, but Infineon does also support with RF-
switches, TVS-diodes for ESD protection and RF Schottky diodes for power detection.
1.2 Device Overview: BFR840L3RHESD
The BFR840L3RHESD is a discrete hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) specifically
designed for high performance 5 GHz band low noise amplifier (LNA) solutions for Wi-Fi
connectivity applications. It combines the 80 GHz fT silicon-germanium:carbide (SiGe:C)
B9HFM process with special device geometry engineering to reduce the parasitic
capacitance between substrate and transistor that degrades high-frequency characteristics,
resulting in an inherent input matching and a major improvement in power gain 5 GHz band
together with a low noise figure performance that is industry's best.
The BFR840L3RHESD has an integrated 1.5kV HBM ESD protection which makes the
device robust against electrostatic discharge and extreme RF input power. The device offers
its high performance at low current and voltage and is especially well-suited for portable
battery powered applications in which energy efficiency is a key requirement.
The BFR840L3RHESD is housed in low-height 0.31mm TSLP-3-9 package specially fitting
into modules. Further variants are available in industry standard visible-leads SOT343
package (BFP840ESD) and in flat-leads TSFP-4-1 package (BFP840FESD).
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 6 / 21
2012-06-06

BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
5 to 6 GHz WLAN LNA with 2.4 GHz Rejection using BFR840L3RHESD
2 5 to 6 GHz WLAN LNA with 2.4 GHz Rejection using
BFR840L3RHESD
This application note presents the measurement results of the Low Noise Amplifier using
BFR840L3RHESD for 5100 MHz to 5900 MHz WLAN applications. The circuit schematic
shown in Figure 2 doesn’t require any external input matching elements. High rejection at 2.4
GHz band is achieved using a LC notch filter at the input of the LNA.
It requires 10 passive 0201 size SMD components and brings gain from 14.9 dB to 14.4 dB
over the frequency band. The noise figure varies from 1.08 dB to 1.03 dB (SMA and PCB
losses are subtracted) over the complete frequency band. Moreover, 1dB compression point
IP1dB at 2.4 - 2.5 GHz band is more than 0 dBm at input.
The circuit achieves an input and output return loss of 11 dB. Furthermore, the circuit is
unconditionally stable from 10 MHz to 11 GHz.
At 5.5 GHz, using two tones spacing of 1 MHz, the output third intercept point OIP3 reaches
16.3 dBm. Besides, we obtain 1dB input compression point IP1dB of -8.3 dBm.
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 7 / 21
2012-06-06

3 Overview
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Overview
Device: BFR840L3RHESD
Application: Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
PCB Marking: BFR840L3RHESD TSLP-3-9 M120510
4 Summary of Measurement Results
Table 1 Summary of Measurement Results
Parameter Symbol Value Unit Note/Test Condition
DC Voltage Vcc 3.0 V
DC Current Icc 9.2 mA
Frequency Range Freq 2500 5100 5500 5900 MHz
Gain G 1.6 14.9 14.5 14.4 dB
Noise Figure NF 1.05 1.03 1.05 dB
Input Return Loss RLin 11.9 11.7 11 dB
Output Return
Loss
RLout 15 18.3 21 dB
Reverse Isolation IRev 22.9 22.4 21.8 dB
Input P1dB IP1dB 0 -8.3 dBm
Output P1dB OP1dB 0.6 +5.2 dBm
Input IP3 IIP3 +1.8 dBm
Output IP3 OIP3 +16.3 dBm
Stability k > 1.0 --
SMA and PCB losses (~0.15
dB) are subtracted
Power @ Input: -25 dBm
f1= 5500 MHz, f2= 5501 MHz
Stability measured from 10MHz
to 11GHz
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 8 / 21
2012-06-06

5 Schematics
J1
RF Port1
INPUT
Figure 2 Schematic Diagram of the used Circuit
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Schematics
C1
22pF
C5
2.2pF
L2
1.8nH
Total externals Count = 10
R3
120
ohms
Inductors = 2 (LQP03T Series)
Resistors = 3
Capacitors = 5
V cc = 3.0 V
J3
DC Connector
I = 9.2 mA
R1
33k
Ohms
C4
33pF
R2
27 ohms
Q1
BFR840L3RHESD
J2
RF Port2
OUTPUT
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 9 / 21
2012-06-06
L1
3.8nH
All passives are “0201“ case size
Inductor L1 LQP03T Series
Capacitors GRM Series
C3
0.3pF
C2
18pF
A proper RF grounding is required to ensure
the LNA performance. Please refer to Chapter
7 for the layout proposal.
PCB Marking= BFR840L3RHESD TSLP-3-9 M120510
PCB Board Material = Standard FR4
Layer spacing (top RF to internal ground plane): 0.2 mm

Table 2 Bill-of-Materials
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Schematics
Symbol Value Unit Size Manufacturer Comment
C1 22 pF 0201 Various Input DC block
C2 18 pF 0201 Various Output DC block
C3 0.3 pF 0201 Various Output matching. Influence the input
matching as well.
C4 33 pF 0201 Various RF decoupling / blocking cap
C5 2.2 pF 0201 Various 2.4 GHz rejection
L1 3.8 nH 0201 Murata LQP03T series Output matching and biasing to the
Collector
L2 1.8 nH 0201 Murata LQP03T series 2.4 GHz rejection
R1 33 kΩ 0201 Various DC biasing
R2 27 Ω 0201 Various Stability improvement
R3 120 Ω 0201 Various DC biasing (provides DC negative
feedback to stabilize DC operating
point over temperature variation,
transistor hFE variation, etc.)
Q1 TSLP-3-9 Infineon Technologies BFR840L3RHESD SiGe:C
Heterojunction Bipolar RF Transistor
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 10 / 21
2012-06-06

6 Measured Graphs
17
16
15
14
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Insertion Power Gain InBand
13
4000 4500 5000 5500
Frequency (MHz)
6000 6500 7000
Figure 3 Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD
20
15
10
5
0
-5
2500 MHz
1.61 dB
2400 MHz
-9.32 dB
5100 MHz
14.9 dB
5900 MHz
14.4 dB
Insertion Power Gain WideBand
5100 MHz
14.9 dB
5900 MHz
14.4 dB
-10
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 4 Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 11 / 21
2012-06-06

NF(dB)
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Noise Figure
0.7
5100 5300 5500
Frequency (MHz)
5700 5900
Figure 5 Noise Figure of BFR840L3RHESD LNA for 5100 - 5900 MHz
60
50
40
30
20
10
5100 MHz
1.05 dB
5100 MHz
22.9 dB
5500 MHz
1.03 dB
Reverse Isolation
5900 MHz
21.8 dB
5800 MHz
1.08 dB
Figure 6 Reverse Isolation of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD
5900 MHz
1.05 dB
0
4000 4500 5000 5500
Frequency (MHz)
6000 6500 7000
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 12 / 21
2012-06-06

-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Input Matching
-14
4000 4500 5000 5500
Frequency (MHz)
6000 6500 7000
Figure 7 Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD
0
0.2
-0.2
0.4
0.2
-0.4
5100 MHz
-11.9 dB
0.6
5900 MHz
r 0.568741
x 0.053913
-0.6
0.4
5900 MHz
-11.1 dB
Input Matching Smith
0.6
0.8
Figure 8 Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD (Smith Chart)
0.8
5100 MHz
r 0.602395
x -0.086714
-0.8
1.0
-1.0
1.0
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 13 / 21
2012-06-06
2.0
3.0
2.0
-2.0
4.0
5.0
-3.0
Swp Max
7000MHz
3.0
10.0
4.0
5.0
10.0
-10.0
-5.0
-4.0
Swp Min
3500MHz

-5
-10
-15
-20
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Output Matching
-25
4000 4500 5000 5500
Frequency (MHz)
6000 6500 7000
Figure 9 Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD
0
0.2
-0.2
0.4
0.2
-0.4
0.6
-0.6
5100 MHz
-15 dB
Output Matching Smith
5900 MHz
r 0.86982
x -0.106505
0.4
5100 MHz
r 0.765246
x -0.211879
0.6
0.8
-0.8
5900 MHz
-21 dB
Figure 10 Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD (Smith Chart)
0.8
1.0
-1.0
1.0
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 14 / 21
2012-06-06
2.0
3.0
2.0
-2.0
4.0
5.0
-3.0
Swp Max
7000MHz
3.0
10.0
4.0
5.0
10.0
-10.0
-5.0
-4.0
Swp Min
3500MHz

3
2
1
0
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Stability k Factor
10 2010 4010 6010 8010 10000
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 11 Wideband Stability k Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Stability Mu Factor
Mu2 factor
Mu1 factor
10 2010 4010 6010 8010 10000
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 12 Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 15 / 21
2012-06-06

BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Figure 13 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFR840L3RHESD Circuit at 5500 MHz
Power (dBm)
Gain(dB)
20
15
10
5
0
-30 dBm
14.52 dB
Input 1dB Compression Point at 5500 MHz
-8.32 dBm
13.52 dB
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
Pin (dBm)
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
Output 3rd Order Intercept Point
5500 MHz
-10.5
-100
5498.5 5499.5 5500.5
Frequency (MHz)
5501.5 5502.5
Figure 14 Output 3 rd Order Intercept Point of BFR840L3RHESD at 5500 MHz
5502 MHz
-64.2
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 16 / 21
2012-06-06

BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Figure 15 OFF-Mode (Vcc = 0V, Icc = 0mA) S21 of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD
Gain(dB)
-16
-18
-20
-22
-24
OFF Mode S21
-26
4000 4500 5000 5500
Frequency (MHz)
6000 6500 7000
5
3
1
-1
-3
-5
-25.00 dBm
1.61 dB
5100 MHz
-19.5 dB
5900 MHz
-21.3 dB
Input 1dB Compression Point at 2500 MHz
-0.03 dBm
0.6 dB
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5
Pin (dBm)
Figure 16 Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFR840L3RHESD Circuit at 2500 MH
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 17 / 21
2012-06-06

BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Evaluation Board and Layout Information
7 Evaluation Board and Layout Information
Figure 17 Photo of the BFR840L3RHESD 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board
Figure 18 Zoom-In on the BFR840L3RHESD 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 18 / 21
2012-06-06

BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Evaluation Board and Layout Information
Figure 19 Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFR840L3RHESD
Copper
35µm
Figure 20 PCB Layer Information
FR4 Core, 0.2mm
FR4 Prepreg,
0.8mm
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 19 / 21
2012-06-06
Vias

8 Authors
BFR840L3RHESD
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Authors
Shamsuddin Ahmed, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”
Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff Engineer/Technical Marketing RF of Business Unit “RF and
Protection Devices”
9 Remark
The graphs are generated with the simulation program AWR Microwave Office®.
Application Note AN290, Rev. 1.0 20 / 21
2012-06-06

w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m
Published by Infineon Technologies AG AN290