Session 8: Low and Intermediate Energy Accelerators and ... - CERN

Session 8: 

Low and Intermediate Energy Accelerators and Sources 

SPC Coordinator: K. Blasche, GSI, Darmstadt 

1-284 - Commissioning of Electron Cooler EC-300 

Vladimir Borisovich Reva, Valentin Bocharov, 

Aleksandr Bubley, Yuri Evtushenko, Anatoly 

Goncharov, Andrey Ivanov, Vadim Kokoulin, 

Vyacheslav Kolmogorov, Mikhail Kondaurov, Sergey 

Konstantinov, Victor Kozak, Gennadii Krainov, 

Yaroslav Kruchkov, Eduard Kuper, Anatoly Medvedko, 

Leontii Mironenko, Vitalij Panasyuk, Vasily 

Parkhomchuk, Karl Schreiner, Boris Skarbo, 

Alexander Skrinsky, Boris Smirnov, Maksim Vedenev, 

Renat Voskoboinikov, Mikhail Zakhvatkin, Nikolay 

Zapiatkin (BINP, Novosibirsk), Xiaodong Yang, 

Hongwei Zhao (IMP, Lanzhou) 

The article deals with the commissioning of electron 

cooler EC-300. It was designed and manufactured for 

CSR experiment (IMP, Lanzhou, China) by BINP, 

Russia. The energy of electron beam is up to 300 keV, 

the electron current is up to 3 A, the magnetic field in 

the cooling section is up to 1.5 kG. The major 

innovation of the cooler is the variable profile of 

electron beam, the electrostatic bends of the electron 

beam and the system of the magnetic field correction. 

During commissioning the linearity of the magnetic 

field 10-6 was obtained, the recuperation efficiency 

was observed up 10-6 , the pressure of residual gas in 

the vacuum chamber was 5 10-11 torr during operation 

with the electron beam. The CSRe cooler for IMP is a 

new step at cooling technique and the first results 

achieved during commissioning are very interesting for 

accelerator physics. 

Type of presentation requested: Poster 

Classification: [A04] Low- and Intermediate-Energy 

Circular Accelerators 

2-290 - 1.5-GeV FFAG Accelerator as Injector to 

the BNL-AGS 

Alessandro Ruggiero, Michael Blaskiewicz, Dejan 

Trbojevic, Nicholaos Tsoupas, Wu Zhang (BNL, Upton, 

Long Island, New York) 

A 1.5-GeV Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) 

Accelerator has been recently proposed as a new 

injector to the Alternating-Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) 

of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). It is being 

considered as a replacement of the present 1.5-GeV 

AGS Booster. The substitution will enhance the 

performance of the AGS accelerator facility in a variety 

of ways. It would still allow acceleration of all 

hadronic particles: protons, and heavy-ions. The major 

benefit is that it would considerably shorten the typical 

combined AGS acceleration cycle, and, consequently, 

may yield to an improvement of beam stability, 

intensity and size. The AGS-FFAG will also facilitate 

the proposed upgrade of the AGS facility toward a 1-MW 

average proton beam power. The paper describes a compact 

FFAG design for acceleration of protons from 200 MeV to 

1.5 GeV. The circumference is about 250 m. The lattice is a 

periodic sequence of FDF triplets of combined-function 

magnets. An adjusted field profile has been calculated to 

compensate the variation of the main lattice functions with 

momentum. At injection, a beam pulse 130 µs long of 

negative-ions (H?) is stacked with the charge-exchange 

method. Acceleration of one pulse with 2.5 x 10^13 protons 

takes about 130 µs, if harmonic-jump scheme is used in 

conjunction with the choice of 201.25 MHz. Four of such 

beam pulses are required to fill entirely the AGS. The entire 

filling process thus takes less than one millisecond. 

Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department 

of Energy 




3-303 - GANIL-SPIRAL Status Report 

Alain Savalle, Frédéric Chautard, Bertrand 

Jacquot (GANIL, Caen) 

The GANIL facility (Caen, France) is dedicated to the 

acceleration of heavy ion beams for nuclear physics, atomic 

physics, radiobiology and material irradiation. The 

production of radioactive ion beams for nuclear physics 

studies represents the main part of the activity. The in-flight 

fragmentation method was already used, since 1994, with 

the SISSI device. Since September 2001, SPIRAL, the 

Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at GANIL, delivers 

radioactive species produced by the ISOL method. The 

heavy ion beams of GANIL are sent onto a target and source 

assembly, and the radioactive beams are accelerated up to a 

maximum energy of 25 MeV/u by the cyclotron CIME. The 

operation and the running statistics of GANIL-SPIRAL are 

presented, with particular attention to the first SPIRAL 

beams. Few results about the cyclotron CIME, as the mass 

selection and tuning principle are summarized. The recent 

developments for increasing stable beams intensities, up to 

a factor 13 for argon, for use with SPIRAL, SISSI, or the 

LISE spectrometer, are presented. Considering the future of 

GANIL, SPIRAL II projects aims to produce high intensity 

secondary beams, by fission induced with a 5 mA deuteron 

beam in an uranium target. 



Circular Accelerators

4-381 - About Low Energy Ions Storing 

Alexander Tarasenko, Ivan Guk, Stanislav Kononenko, 

Anatoliy Paschenko, Ivan Shapoval, Vladimir Yuferov 

(NSC/KIPT, Kharkov) 

The influence of a neutral gas target on the low energy 

hydrogen isotope ion beam settled energy spread and 

beam lifetime is considered. It is shown, that a main 

factor, which determines the circulating beam lifetime, 

is the ion neutralization on internal target atoms. The 

estimations of various ways of ionization have shown, 

that the ionization with plasma target is the most 

effective. The ratio of the neutral and plasma target 

densities, when complete beam ionization and all 

oscillation types damping are provided, is found. The 

way of creation in the store ring plasma target with 

high degree of ionization is offered. Its influence on 

focusing properties of magnetooptical structure is 

designed. The magnetic structure of 150 KeV tritium 

ions storage ring and calculated for it the focusing 

functions, which satisfy requirements to such 

installation, are given. The received results for a special 

case of the tritium ions storing allow make conclusion 

that the offered idea of the low energy ions store can be 

sold in principle and technically. One of such storage 

ring possible application may be research on driven 

fusion. 




5-404 - Redesign of the ISIS Main Magnet Power 

Supply Storage Choke 

Andrew Kimber, James Gray (CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, 

Chilton, Didcot, Oxon) 

The ISIS facility, based at the Rutherford Appleton 

Laboratory in the UK, provides intense pulsed neutron 

and muon beams for condensed matter studies. As part 

of the facilities upgrade and refurbishment program, 

the 1MJ storage choke which forms part of the main 

magnet power supply system, will be replaced with a 

number of smaller units. The present storage choke, 

which consists of a split secondary winding 

transformer, is incorporated into a series-parallel 

resonant circuit known as the 'white circuit'. This 

circuit ensures that each magnet receives identical 

currents, but is not subjected to excessive voltages. 

Although the storage choke is essentially a transformer, 

its secondary magnetising inductance is relatively low 

and a precisely defined value. This paper discusses the 

design and development of ten smaller units which will 

eventually replace the present equipment, and the 

testing of a one fifth scale model, which will be used to 

prove the technology. 




6-418 - Particle Dynamics in the Low Energy Positron 

Toroidal Accumulator: First Experiments and Results 

Grigory Troubnikov, Viktor Antropov, Evgeny Boltushkin, 

Vladimir Bykovsky, Alexander Ivanov, Sergey Ivashkevich, 

Andrey Kobets, Iourii Korotaev, Vyacheslav Lohmatov, Igor 

Meshkov, Dmitry Monahov, Valentin Pavlov, Roman Pivin, 

Igor Alekseevich Seleznev, Anatoly Olegovich Sidorin, 

Alexander Smirnov, Evgeny Syresin, Sergey Yakovenko 

(JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region) 

The project of Low Energy Particle Toroidal Accumulator 

(LEPTA) is dedicated to construction of a positron storage 

ring with electron cooling of positrons circulating in the 

ring. Such a peculiarity of the LEPTA enables it 

automatically to be a generator of positronium (Ps) atoms, 

which appear in recombination of positrons with cooling 

electrons inside the cooling section of the ring. The project 

has a few goals: to study electron and positron dynamics in 

the ring (particle motion in the horizontal and vertical planes 

are coupled contrary to of classic cycle accelerators), to set 

up first experiments with Ps in flight; Magnetic 

measurements of main LEPTA elements are performed. 

Several elements : kicker, injection system of electron beam, 

helical quadrupole, septum magnet are tested and expected 

design parameters were achieved for those elements. The 

investigations of electron beam dynamics are started. First 

results of experiments with circulating electron beam are 

presented and discussed in this article. Several beam 

diagnostic methods for studying of strong coupled motion of 

charged particles are proposed and tested. 




7-446 - Beam Cooling ar S-LSR 

Akira Noda, Hicham Fadil, Shinji Fujimoto, Masahiro 

Ikegami, Toshiyuki Shirai, Takeshi Takeuchi, Mikio Tanabe 

(ICR Kyoto, Kyoto), Hiromi Okamoto, Yosuke Yuri 

(HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima), Hiromu Tongu 

(ICR/NSRF, Kyoto), Igor Meshkov, Evgeny Syresin (JINR, 

Dubna, Moscow Region), Manfred Grieser (MPI-K, 

Heidelberg), Koji Noda, Shinji Shibuya (NIRS, Chiba-shi) 

S-LSR is an ion accumulation and cooler ring with the 

circumference and maximum magnetic rigidity of 22.589 m 

and 1.0T.m, respectively. Electron beam cooling will be 

applied for laser-produced hot ion beam after phase rotation. 

Electron cooler for S-LSR is now under construction and the 

beam simulation is also going on. Laser cooling of Mg ion 

with low energy (35 keV) is also planned in 3-dimensional 

way with use of Synchro-Betatron coupling.so as to realize 

ultra cold beam. Cancellation of shear force due to orbitlength 

difference in the dipole section is to be studied with 

use of overlapping of the radial electric field inversely 

proportional to the curvature radius with the uniform 

vertical magnetic field. Possible experiments to approach to 

ultra-cold beam is also to be studied by computer simulation

Work financially supported by the framework of 

Advanced Compact Accelerator Development of 

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and 

Technology 




8-451 - Technicalities for a Novel Medium Energy 

Ion Accelerator 

Vladimir Gorev (RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow) 

Transmutation of radioactive waste,high-intensity 

pulsed sources of fast neutrons,problem of inertiallyconfined 

fusion and a lot of different problems of 

science and technology put increased demands on the 

linear high power medium energy proton and heavy ion 

accelerators.But these accelerators are presently 

massive,huge and very expansive,which restrict now 

and in a near future their wide use and motivates the 

study of altenetive methods to achieve the design 

current,power and economic characteristics.This report 

decribes the present reseach on attaining high power 

medium energy ion beams,using novel idea for 

accelerator design.Theoretical proposal and 

preliminary conceptual design for the accelerator,based 

on a principle of free flying ion emitter("ballistic 

anode"),were discussed first a few years ago.The 

principle involves a high potencial difference generated 

only for a short time in the special vacuum 

chamber,but not steady-state conditions.Now,we would 

like to discuss next problems:1.technicalities of the 

ballistic anode design,both for proton and heavy ion 

beams generation.2 pulse power multiplication.3.high 

current sources for charge pumping of the ballistic 

anode.4 experimental modelling. 




9-475 - Field Study of the 4T Superconducting 

Magnet for Rapid Cycling Heavy Ion Synchrotrons 

Vladimir Mikhaylov, Pavel Akishin, Andrey Butenko, 

Alexander Kovalenko (JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region) 

The problem of the magnetic field optimization of a 4T 

dipole magnet with circular aperture of 100-110 mm 

for rapid cycling synchrotron is considered. A single 

layer low inductance coil made of hollow 

superconducting high current cable operating at 30 kA 

is used. The magnetic field ramp rate up to 4 T/s 

should be achievable. Mathematical method to 

minimize sextupole and higher order non-linearities to 

the tolerable values by variation of angular coil turn 

position is developed. The results of numerical 

simulation for 2D part magnetic field are presented. 

The further possibilities to improve the field quality for 

similar lattice magnets and their application for heavy 

ion synchrotrons and boosters are discussed. 

Work supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, 

project No 03-01-00290 




10-697 - Layout of the Storage Ring Complex of the 

International Accelerator Facility for Research with Ions 

and Antiprotons at GSI 

Peter Beller, Karl Beckert, Alexei Dolinskii, Bernhard 

Franzke, Fritz Nolden, Claudius Peschke, Markus Steck 

(GSI, Darmstadt) 

The storage ring complex of the new international 

accelerator facility consists of three different rings: the 

Collector Ring CR, the accumulator/decelerator ring RESR 

and the New Experimental Storage Ring NESR. The CR 

will serve for fast stochastic precooling of antiproton and 

rare isotope (RI) beams. Cooling time constants of about 

100 ms for RI beams are envisaged. For experiments with 

RI beams the RESR serves as a decelerator ring. Precooled 

RI beams will be injected at 740 MeV/u and then 

decelerated to variable energies down to 100 MeV/u within 

about 1 s. The NESR will be the main instrument for nuclear 

and atomic physics. Besides experiments using an internal 

gas target, the NESR offers the possibility to collide 

circulating bunches of ions with electron bunches counterpropagating 

in a small 500 MeV electron storage ring. The 

physics program with antiprotons requires the accumulation 

of high intensity antiproton beams. The accumulation of 

7_1010 antiprotons at 3 GeV per hour is foreseen. This will 

be accomplished by operating the RESR as an accumulator 

ring equipped with a stochastic cooling system. The NESR 

could then be used to decelerate antiprotons to 30 MeV. 




11-701 - Improved Performance of the Heavy Ion 

Storage Ring ESR 

Markus Steck, Karl Beckert, Peter Beller, Bernhard 

Franczak, Bernhard Franzke, Fritz Nolden (GSI, 

Darmstadt) 

The heavy ion storage ring ESR at GSI allows experiments 

with stable and radioactive heavy ions over a large range of 

energies. The energy range available for operation with 

completely stripped ions has recently been extended to 

energies as low as 3 MeV/u. Even for bare uranium such 

low energies can be provided by deceleration of the ions 

which are stripped to high charge states in a foil at energies 

of 300-400 MeV/u. After injection the beam is cooled and 

decelerated in an inverse synchrotron mode interspersed 

with electron cooling at an intermediate energy. At the 

lowest energy of 3 MeV/u some hundreds of thousands ions 

could be electron cooled after deceleration. At energies of 

10-20 MeV/u physics experiments with stored and slowly 

extracted beam have been performed with some million 

decelerated cooled ions. The cooling of radioactive ions by a 

combination of stochastic pre-cooling and final electron 

cooling has been demonstrated. The hot fragment beam,

which was injected at an energy of 400 MeV/u, was 

cooled in about 6 s to a quality useful for precision 

experiments. 




12-739 - Measurement of Activation Induced by Ar 

Beam in Copper Target 

Alexander Fertman, Alexander Golubev, Mikhail 

Prokuronov, Boris Sharkov (ITEP, Moscow), Georg 

Fehrenbacher, Rainer Hasse, Ingo Hofmann, Edil 

Mustafin, Dieter Schardt, Karin Weyrich (GSI, 

Darmstadt) 

Results of the measurement of activation induced by 

Argon beam with energies of E=100,200,800 MeV/u in 

the copper target are presented. The densities of 

various radioactive isotopes are derived from the 

measurements. Long-time prediction of radioactivity 

and accumulated doses in the accelerator equipment is 

calculated. 




13-744 - Radiation Damage to the Elements of the 

Nuclotron-type Dipole of SIS100 

Nikolai Sobolevskiy, Ludmila Latysheva (RAS/INR, 

Moscow), Hiroshi Iwase, Gebhard Moritz, Edil 

Mustafin, Gertrud Walter (GSI, Darmstadt) 

Radiation damage to various elements of the 

Nuclotron-type dipole of SIS100 sensitive to 

irradiation was calculated. Among the elements of 

consideration were the superconducting cables, 

insulating materials, ceramic insertions and highcurrent 

by-pass diodes. The Monte-Carlo particle 

transport code SHIELD was used to simulate 

propagation of the lost ions and protons together with 

the products of nuclear interactions in the material of 

the elements. The results for the proton projectiles were 

cross-checked using the particle transport code MARS, 

and a good agreement between the codes were found. It 

was found that the lifetime of the organic materials 

under irradiation are much more restrictive limit for the 

tolerable level of beam particle losses than the danger 

of the quench events. 




14-790 - High Intensity Uranium Operation in 

SIS18 

Peter J. Spiller (GSI, Darmstadt) 

For the present experiment program and the planned 

international accelerator facility at GSI, the space 

charge limit of SIS18 for highly(4x1010) and 

intermediate (2.7x1011) charged uranium ions shall be 

reached within the next four years. Furthermore, 

measures to increase the repetition- and ramp rate up to 

4 Hz with 10 T/s have been progressed. The present state of 

intensities per cycle and the limitations will be described. In 

connection with the planned enhancement of heavy ion 

intensities, protection, interlock and diagnostic systems, 

especially for the injection- and extraction devices have 

been prepared. Special attention is drawn on the insights 

which were achieved with respect to the operation at 

dynamic vacuum conditions. Results of R&D work with the 

goal to increase the intensity threshold and to improve the 

beam life time will be summarized. Furthermore, the 

specific upgrade program and schedule for the SIS18 

booster mode will be presented. 




15-798 - The LHC Lead Ion Injector Chain 

Karlheinz Schindl, Andre Beuret, Alfred Blas, Jan 

Borburgh, Helmut Burkhardt, Christian Carli, Michel 

Chanel, Tony Fowler, Marine Gourber-Pace, Steven 

Hancock, Charles E. Hill, Michael Hourican, John Jowett, 

Karsten Kahle, Detlef Kuchler, Alessandra Maria 

Lombardi, Edgar Mahner, Django Manglunki, Michel 

Martini, Stephan Maury, Flemming Pedersen, Uli Raich, 

Carlo Rossi, Jean-Pierre Royer, Richard Scrivens, Luc 

Sermeus, Elena Shaposhnikova, Gerard Tranquille, 

Maurizio Vretenar, Thomas Zickler (CERN, Geneva) 

A sizeable part of the LHC physics programme foresees 

heavy ion (lead-lead) collisions with a design luminosity of 

10^27 cm-2 s-1. This will be achieved after an upgrade of 

the ion injector chain comprising Linac3, LEIR, PS and SPS 

machines. Each LHC ring will be filled in ~10 minutes with 

~600 bunches, each of 7 10^7 Pb ions. Central to the 

scheme is the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR), which 

transforms long pulses from Linac3 to high-brilliance 

bunches by means of 6D multi-turn injection and 

accumulation via electron cooling. Major limitations along 

the chain, including space charge, intra-beam scattering, 

vacuum issues, and emittance preservation are highlighted. 

The conversion from LEAR (Low Energy Antiproton Ring) 

to LEIR includes new magnets and power converters, highcurrent 

electron cooling, broad-band RF cavities, upgraded 

beam diagnostics, and UHV vacuum equipment relying on 

beam scrubbing to achieve a few 10^-12 mbar. Major 

hardware changes in Linac3 (Electron Cyclotron Resonance 

source, repetition rate, energy ramping cavity), PS (new 

injection hardware, elaborate RF gymnastics, stripping 

insertion), and SPS (100 MHz system) are described. An 

early beam scenario, using fewer bunches but the same 

bunch intensity to deliver a lower luminosity, reduces the 

work required for LHC ion operation in spring 2008. 

CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 



Circular Accelerators

16-799 - Accelerator-Accumulator ITEP-TWAC 

Delivers Ion Beams to the Experiments 

Boris Sharkov (ITEP, Moscow) 

The powerful accelerator/accumulator facility ITEP- 

TWAC started to deliver the ion beams to the 

experiments in two operation modes. In ion 

acceleration mode up tp 10E9 of 4.3 GeV/u Carbon 

C6+ ions per sec are delivered. In ion accumulation 

mode the facility generates >10E10 C6+ ions per 170 

ns pulse. 

MINATOM of Russian Federation 




17-825 - Status of Fermilab Electron Cooling 

Project 

Jerry Leibfritz, Daniel Robert Broemmelsiek, Alexey 

Burov, Kermit Carlson, Consolato Gattuso, Brian 

Kramper, Tom Kroc, Mike McGee, Sergei Nagaitsev, 

Lucy Nobrega, Greg Saewert, Chuck Schmidt, 

Alexander V. Shemyakin, Mary Sutherland, Vitali 

Tupikov, Arden Warner (Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois), 

Sergey Seletsky (Rochester University, Rochester, New 

York) 

Fermilab has constructed and commissioned a fullscale 

prototype of a multi-MV electron cooling system 

to be installed in the 8.9 GeV/c Fermilab Recycler ring. 

This prototype was used to test all of the electron beam 

properties needed for cooling. However, because the 

prototype is not located within proximity of the 

Recycler ring, the actual electron cooling of 

antiprotons can not be demonstrated until it is 

relocated. The Fermilab electron cooling R&D project 

is scheduled to be completed in May, 2004 at which 

time it will be disassembled and relocated to a newly 

constructed facility where it will be installed in the 

Recycler. This paper describes the experimental results 

obtained with the prototype cooler system, gives an 

overview of the new electron cooling facility, and 

discusses the overall status of the project. 

Operated by Universities Research Association, Inc., 

under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000 with the 

U.S. Department of Energy 




18-931 - Construction Status and Issues of the 

Spallation Neutron Source Ring 

Jie Wei (BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York) 

(For the Spallation Neutron Source collaboration) The 

Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator complex 

is now in its sixth year of a seven-year construction 

cycle. The design, fabrication, test, and assembly of the 

accumulator ring and its transport lines is approaching 

the final stage. In order to reach the design goal of this 

high-power ring to deliver 1.5 MW beam power 

(1.5$\times 10^{14}$ protons of 1 GeV kinetic energy 

at a repetition rate of 60 Hz), stringent measures have been 

implemented to ensure the quality of the accelerator 

systems. This paper reviews the progress of the ring and 

transport systems with emphasis on the challenging 

technical issues and their solutions inccurred during the 

construction period. 

SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE- 

AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy 

SNS is a partnership of six national laboratories: Argonne, 

Brookhaven, Jefferson, Lawrence Berkeley, Los Alamos, 

and Oak Ridge 




19-1056 - Acceleration of Polarized Beams using 

Multiple Strong Partial Siberian Snakes 

Thomas Roser, Leif Ahrens, Mei Bai, Ernest D. Courant, 

Joseph Glenn, Ramesh C. Gupta, Haixin Huang, Alfredo U 

Luccio, Waldo MacKay, Nicholaos Tsoupas, Erich Willen 

(BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York), Masahiro Okamura 

(RIKEN/RARF/CC, Saitama) 

Acceleration of polarized protons in the energy range of 5 to 

25 GeV is particularly difficult since depolarizing spin 

resonances are strong enough to cause significant 

depolarization but full Siberian snakes cause intolerably 

large orbit excursions. Using a 20 - 30 % partial Siberian 

snake both imperfection and intrinsic resonances can be 

overcome. Such a strong partial Siberian snake was 

designed for the Brookhaven AGS using a dual pitch helical 

superconducting dipole. Multiple strong partial snakes are 

also discussed for spin matching at beam injection and 

extraction. 

This work was performed under the auspices of the US DOE 

and RIKEN of 

Japan. 




20-1106 - Precise Field Mapping System for Cyclotron 

Magnet 

Ki-Hyeon Park, Young Gyu Jung, Dong Eon Kim (PAL, 

Pohang), Jong-Seo Chai, Yoo-Seok Kim (KIRAMS, Seoul), 

Bong-Koo Kang (POSTECH, Pohang), Moohyun Yoon 

(POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk) 

A 13 MeV cyclotron has been developed by KIRAMS for 

radio-isotopes production such as F-18 and O-15 for 

positron emission tomography(PET). To characterize the 

cyclotron magnet precisely, a Hall probe mapping system 

with very high precise positioning mechanism in the 

Cartesian coordinate has been developed. Hall probe 

assembly was translated in two dimensions by two stepping 

motors at both sides of the Hall-probe-carrier to keep 

synchronously rotation sharing one step-pulse source for xaxis 

and one motor for y-axis. The data acquisition time had 

reduced to 60 minutes in full mapping by 'flying' mode. The 

accuracy of the measurement system is better than during 

the entire mapping process. In this paper the magnetic field

measurement system for the cyclotron magnet is 

described, and measurement results are presented. 




21-1130 - The Bunch Compressor System for SIS18 

at GSI 

Peter Hülsmann, Martin Emmerling, Werner 

Gutowski, Gerald Hutter, Wolfgang Vinzenz (GSI, 

Darmstadt) 

For bunch compression down to pulse durations of 50 

ns, a dedicated rf system is under development for the 

SIS12/18 heavy ion synchrotron upgrade and will be 

described in this paper. Due to space restrictions in 

SIS12/18 the rf system consists of very short cavities 

which provide a very large voltage gradient (50 kV/m) 

at a very low frequency of approximately 800 kHz and 

rf final stages which provide a short rise time. The only 

possibilty to meet the requirements is the application of 

a cavity heavily inductively loaded by metallic alloy 

(MA) ring cores. This new rf system will be a 

prototype for the advanced acceleration and 

compression system needed in SIS100, which is the 

most important part for the proposed International 

Acceleration Facility at GSI. In order to gain 

experience with different MA ring core materials two 

of the four compressor cavities are loaded differently, 

which gives us an opportunity to learn the operational 

advantages of both materials. It is expected that the 

experimental results will support the final judgement 

for the future rf system in SIS100. 




22-1131 - Upgrading the AC Power Supply to the 

ISIS Main Magnet Circuit 

Steve West, James Gray, Adrian Morris 

(CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon) 

ISIS, situated at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 

(RAL) is the world?s most powerful pulsed neutron 

source. At the heart of the ISIS accelerator is a proton 

synchrotron which uses a ring of magnets connected in 

series and configured as a ?White Circuit?. The 

magnets are connected in series with capacitor banks 

so that they form a resonant circuit with a fundamental 

frequency of 50 Hz. The circuit allows the magnets to 

be fed with an AC current superimposed on a DC 

current. The AC is currently provided by a 1MVA 

Motor-Alternator set and it is now proposed to replace 

this by a solid state UPS (Uninterruptible Power 

Supply) system. Tests on a smaller 80kVA unit have 

shown that it is possible to control the magnet current 

with a modified UPS system in such a way that both 

the frequency, phase and output voltage are under the 

direct influence of the control system. This paper 

discusses the issues surrounding the upgrading of AC 

supply to the main magnets with a view to improving 

the system reliability, improving magnet current stability 

and reducing the risk of mains failure. 




23-1164 - Status of the Cooler Synchrotron Cosy-juelich 

Bernd Lorentz (FZJ/COSY, Jülich), Ralf Eichhorn, Ralf 

Gebel, Herbert Schneider (FZJ, Julich), Ulf Bechstedt, 

Jürgen Dietrich, Andreas Lehrach, Rudolf Maier, 

Dieter Prasuhn, Alexander Schnase, Rolf Stassen, Hans 

Stockhorst, Raimund Tölle (FZJ/IKP, Jülich) 

The cooler synchrotron COSY accelerates and stores 

unpolarized and polarized protons and deuterons in the 

momentum range between 300 MeV/c to 3.65 GeV/c. To 

provide high quality beams, an Electron Cooler at injection 

and a Stochastic Cooling System from 1.5 GeV/c up to 

maximum momentum are available. Vertically polarized 

proton beams with a polarization of more than 0.80 are 

delivered to internal and external experimental areas at 

different momenta. Externally, the maximum momentum is 

up to date restricted to approximately 3.4 GeV/c by the 

extraction elements installed in COSY. In 2003 deuteron 

beams with different combinations of vector and tensor 

polarization were made available for internal and external 

experiments. An rf dipole was installed, which is used to 

induce artificial depolarizing resonances. It can be used for 

an accurate determination of the momentum of the stored 

beams. The status of the cooler synchrotron COSY is 

presented and future plans are discussed. 




24-1197 - A Double Electrostatic Storage Ring, 

DESIREE 

Karl-Gunnar Rensfelt, Lars Bagge, Mikael Blom, 

Håkan Danared, Leif Liljeby, Andras Paal, Ansgar 

Simonsson, Örjan Skeppstedt (MSL, Stockholm), 

Henrik Cederquist, Jens-Peter Jensen, Mats Larsson, Sven 

Mannervik, Henning Schmidt, Kjell Schmidt (Stockholm 

University, Stockholm) 

The advantages of storage rings with only electrostatic 

elements were first demonstrated by ELISA in Aarhus and 

later in other places. At MSL and Fysikum at Stockholm 

University the ideas have been developed further in the 

Double Electrostatic Storage Ion Ring ExpEriment, 

DESIREE. Beams of negative and positive ions will be 

merged in a common straight section of the rings so that low 

energy collisions can be studied. Furthermore the rings will 

be cooled to 10 - 20 K in order to relax internal excitations 

in circulating molecules. A design report can be found at 

www.msl.se. The project is now (January 2004) almost fully 

financed and the final design work has recently been started. 

The paper will shortly review the physics programme and 

describe the status of the design work.

Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Stockholm 

The Swedish Research Council 




25-1234 - Nonlinear Effects Studies for a Large 

Acceptance Collector Ring 

Alexei Dolinskii, Karl Beckert, Peter Beller, Bernhard 

Franzke, Fritz Nolden, Markus Steck (GSI, Darmstadt) 

A large acceptance collector ring (CR) is designed for 

fast cooling of rare isotope and antiproton beams, 

which will be used for nuclear physics experiments in 

the frame of the new international accelerator facility 

recently proposed at GSI. This contribution describes 

the linear and non-linear optimisation used to derive a 

lattice solution with good dynamic behaviour 

simultaneously meeting the demands for very fast 

stochastic cooling for two optical modes (for rare 

isotope and antiproton beams). Effects due to nonlinear 

field contributions of the magnet field in dipoles 

and quadrupoles are very critical in this ring. Using a 

single particle dynamics approach, the major magnetic 

non-linearities of the CR are studied. We discuss the 

particle dynamics of the dipole and quadrupole fringe 

fields and the their influence on the dynamic aperture 

and on the tune. Additionally, the CR will be operated 

at the transition energy (isochronous mode) for time of 

flight (TOF) mass spectrometery of short-lived 

radioactive ions. For this mode a specific correction 

scheme is required to reach a high degree of 

isochronism over a large acceptance. 




26-1235 - Rare and Exotic Nuclei Ion Beam on the 

Base of FLNR JINR Cyclotron Complex 

Georgy Gulbekyan (JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region) 

Cyclotrons U400 and U400M complited by 14.5 GHz 

ECR ion sources. yclotron U400 are used for 

acceleration of rare isotopes as 48Ca with beam 

intensity on the target 1.3 ρμa as the 

postaccelerater for ion beam exotic nuclei as 6He and 

8He. Cyclotron U400M are used for acceleration of 

light ions as 7Li and 11Be with intensity up to 10 

ρμa for production 6He and 8He nuclei on 

the Be target. 




27-1284 - Status of the Booster Injector for the Duke 

FEL Storage Ring 

Stepan Mikhailov, Matthew D. Busch, Mark Emamian, Steve 

Hartman, Jingyi LI, Vladimir N Litvinenko, Igor Pinayev, 

Victor Popov, Gary Swift, Patrick Wallace, Ping Wang, Y. 

K. Wu (DU/FEL, Durham, North Carolina), Nikolai 

Gavrilov, Yuri Matveev, Dmitry Shvedov, Nikolay 

Vinokurov, Pavel Vobly (BINP, Novosibirsk) 

This paper presents the current status of the booster 

synchrotron for the Duke FEL storage ring. The booster will 

provide full energy injection into the storage ring in a wide 

energy range from 0.27 to 1.2 GeV. When operating the 

Duke FEL storage ring as the High Intensity Gamma Source 

(HIGS) to produce gamma photons above 20 MeV with 

Compton scattering, continuous electron loss occurs. The 

top-off mode operation of the booster injector will enable 

the continuous operation of the HIGS facility by 

replenishing the lost electrons. The design requirement for a 

very compact booster with the single bunch extraction 

capability remains a challenge for the machine development. 

Presently, the booster project is entering the construction 

phase. The fabrication of the magnetic system, vacuum 

system, injection and extraction kickers is presently under 

way in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russia. The 

diagnostic and control system is being developed in the FEL 

lab, Duke University. The installation and commissioning of 

the booster synchrotron is planned for 2005. 

This work is supported by DOE and by the Dean of Natural 

Sciences (Duke University) 




28-1306 - Challenges for Vertical Injection and 

Extraction in the Duke Booster Synchrotron 

Stepan Mikhailov, Jingyi LI, Igor Pinayev, Y. K. Wu 

(DU/FEL, Durham, North Carolina), Yuri Matveev, Dmitry 

Shvedov (BINP, Novosibirsk) 

The full energy booster injector for the Duke FEL storage 

ring is entering the construction phase. The booster is 

designed to provide continuous injection in the top-off 

mode. The injected beam energy from the linac pre-injector 

is 270 MeV and the extraction energy of the booster varies 

from 270 MeV to 1.2 GeV. The designed maximum current 

capability of the booster is 4 nC/sec. The booster is also 

designed to provide the single bunch extraction capability. 

For the single bunch extraction a kicker with a pulse 

duration of 11 nsec has been developed, which imposes a 

strict limitation on the maximum kick angle. The 

compactness of the booster ring propelled us to choose a 

vertical injection/extraction scheme with a relatively high 

vertical beta function of 25 m at kickers and septum 

magnets. The major disadvantage of such a scheme is a 

small vertical acceptance for injection and extraction. The 

paper presents lattice solutions and technical solutions for 

achieving vertical injection and the single bunch extraction 

for the booster.

This work is supported by DOE and by the Dean of 

Natural Sciences (Duke University) 




29-1329 - Measuring and Correcting the Vertical 

Beam Excursions in the AGOR Cyclotron 

Mariet Anna Hofstee, Sytze Brandenburg (KVI, 

Groningen) 

Large-scale vertical excursions have been observed in 

the AGOR cyclotron for light ionbeams at energies 

close to the focussing limit (E/A =200 Q/A MeV per 

nucleon). With increasing radius the beam gradually 

moves down out of the geometrical median plane by 

several mm, leading to internal beamlosses. It was 

concluded that this effect is caused by a vertical 

alignment error of the coils combined with the weak 

vertical focussing for the beams concerned. Moving the 

main coils by a total of 0.37 mm has significantly 

improved the situation at large radii, but results in 

internal beamlosses for certain beams at small radii due 

to a large upward excursion. A systematic study of the 

vertical beam dynamics as a function of beam particle 

and energy will be presented. Possible causes and 

solutions will be discussed. 

Rijks Universiteit Groningen and Stichting FOM, 

Utrecht 




30-1333 - Luminosity Considerations for Internal 

and External Experiments @ COSY 

Andreas Lehrach, Ulf Bechstedt, Jürgen 

Dietrich, Ralf Eichhorn, Ralf Gebel, Bernd Lorentz, 

Rudolf Maier, Dieter Prasuhn, Herbert Schneider, Rolf 

Stassen, Hans Stockhorst, Raimund Tölle 

(FZJ/IKP, Jülich), Alexander Schnase (J-PARC 

/JAERI, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken) 

The future physics program at the Cooler-Synchrotron 

COSY in Jülich requires intense beams to provide high 

luminosities up to 10^32cm^-2s^-1 for internal and 

external experiments. In 2003 the number of 

unpolarized protons could significantly be increased up 

to the theoretical space charge limit of COSY. This 

was achieved by careful study and adjustment of all 

subsystems in the accelerator chain of COSY. The 

intensities for polarized proton beams are at best an 

order of magnitude lower compared to one for 

unpolarized beams, depending on the beam current 

provided the injector cyclotron. Still there is some 

potential for further enhancement of polarized beam 

intensities. In this paper, luminosity considerations for 

polarized and unpolarized beams at COSY are 

presented taking into account different machine cycles 

and operation modes for internal and external 

experimental set-ups. 




31-1334 - DAFNE Operation with the FINUDA 

Experiment. 

Catia Milardi (INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)) 

DAFNE operation restarted in September 2003, after a six 

months shut-down for the installation of FINUDA, a 

magnetic detector dedicated to the study of hypernuclear 

Physics. FINUDA is the third experiment running, in 

sequence, at DAFNE and operates while keeping on place 

the other detector KLOE. During the shut-down both the 

Interaction Regions have been equipped with remotely 

controlled rotating quadrupoles in order to operate at 

different solenoid fields. Among many other har ware 

upgrades one of the most significant is the reshaping of the 

wiggler pole profile to improve the field quality and the 

machine dynamic aperture. Commissioning of the collider in 

the new configuration has been completed in short time. The 

peak luminosity delivered to FINUDA has reached 6 1031 s- 

1 cm-2, with a daily integrated value exceeding 3 pb-1. 




32-1540 - System Parameters for Magnets and Power 

Supplies 

William J. McGahern, Sorin Badea, F. M. Hemmer, Robert 

Lambiase, George Mahler, Chien Pai, Charlie Pearson, Jim 

Rank, Deepak Raparia, Jon Sandberg, Joseph Tuozzolo 

(BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York) 

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), currently under 

construction at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, is a collaborative 

effort of six U.S. Department of Energy partner laboratories. 

With over 312 magnets and 251 power supplies that 

comprise the beam transport lines and the accumulator ring, 

it is a challenge to maintain a closed loop on the variable 

parameters that are integral to these two major systems. 

This paper addresses the input variables, responsibilities and 

design parameters used to define the SNS magnet and power 

supply systems. 

SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under contract DE- 

AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy 

SNS is a partnership of six national laboratories: Argonne, 

Brookhaven, Jefferson, Lawrence Berkeley, Los Alamos, 

and Oak Ridge 




33-244 - An Electrostatic Quadrupole Doublet with an 

Integrated Steerer 

Carsten Peter Welsch, Manfred Grieser, Joachim Ullrich 

(MPI-K, Heidelberg), Christian Glaessner (IAP, Frankfurtam-Main) 

Electrostatic storage rings have proven to be a valuable tool 

for atomic and molecular physics Due to the mass 

independence of the fields in the bending and focusing

elements, different kinds of ions with the same 

charge/energy ratio from light protons to very heavy 

biomolecules, can be stored with the same field setup. 

The transverse dimensions of the circulating beam are 

controlled by electrostatic quadrupole doublets or 

triplets. It is essential that the fields in these lenses can 

be adjusted independently one from another to allow an 

exact control of the stored ions. In this paper, first an 

overview of the principle of electrostatic lenses is 

given. After a short discussion of fringe field effects, 

the results of field calculations are presented and the 

final layout of an electrostatic quadrupole doublet with 

an integrated steerer as it will be used in future 

electrostatic storage rings in Frankfurt and Heidelberg 

is discussed. 


Classification: [A07] Electrostatic Accelerators 

34-435 - Compact Electrostatic Tandem Accelerator 

Based Neutron Source for the Medicine 

Valery Shirokov, Alexey Babkin, Pavel Bykov, Gennady 

Kraynov, Gregory Silvestrov, Yuri Tokarev (BINP, 

Novosibirsk), Mikhail Bokhovko, Oleg Kononov, Victor 

Kononov (IPPE, Kaluga Region) 

Status of original heavy hydrogen ion electrostatic 

accelerator-tandem is described. Potential electrodes 

with vacuum insulation organize tract for accelerating 

ion beam before and after gas stripper, located inside 

the high voltage electrode. There are no accelerating 

tubes in the tandem proposed. 20 kHz, 10 kW, 500 kV 

compact sectioned rectifier is a high voltage source. 

Both the geometry of neutron source and results of the 

rectifier testing are presented. Estimation of yield and 

space-energy distribution of neutron, as a result of 

nuclear reactions produced by heavy hydrogen ion in 

beryllium or carbon targets are given. Result of Monte- 

Carlo simulation of neutron and photon transferring for 

these sources of neutron is the distribution of the 

absorbed dose incide phantom. Result of the simulation 

are compared with result of the experiment. The 

possibility of use of this neutron source for the neutron 

or neutron capture therapy is discussed too. 



35-535 - CSR - a Cryogenic Storage Ring at MPI-K 

Carsten Peter Welsch, Manfred Grieser, Dirk 

Schwalm, Joachim Ullrich, Robert Von Hahn, Andreas 

Wolf (MPI-K, Heidelberg), Daniel Zajfman (Weizmann 

Institute of Science, Rehovot) 

A small cryogenic storage ring is planned to be 

developed at MPI-K, Heidelberg. The energy in the 

machine will be variable from 300 keV > down to 20 

keV. Electron cooling will be applied to produce a high 

quality ion beam. The ring shall accommodate slow, 

vibrationally and rotationally cooled molecular ions 

and highly charged ions from the EBIT ion source. 

Moreover, it will serve as a test facility for the lowenergy 

antiproton ring planned within the FLAIR 

collaboration to be installed at the future GSI facility. A 

number of technological challenges have to be handled: 

Especially highly charged ions require a vacuum in the order 

below 10-13 mbar to achieve reasonable lifetimes. 

Therefore - and for enabling experiments with rotationally 

cold molecules - the complete machine will be cooled down 

to below 10 K. Moreover, experiments with reaction 

microscopes to determine the full kinematics of ion- 

(antiproton-) atom or molecule collisions require a bunched 

operation with a bunch length below 2 ns. The optical 

elements of the machine and the lattice functions are given 

and first ideas about the vacuum chamber design are 

described in this paper. 



36-539 - Ultra-low Energy Antiprotons at FLAIR 

Carsten Peter Welsch, Manfred Grieser, Joachim Ullrich 

(MPI-K, Heidelberg) 

The Future Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and 

Antiprotons at Darmstadt will produce the highest flux of 

antiprotons in the world. So far it is foreseen to accelerate 

the antiprotons to high energies (3-15 GeV) for meson 

spectroscopy and other nuclear and particle physics 

experiments in the HESR (High Energy Storage Ring). 

Within the planned complex of storage rings, it is possible to 

decelerate the antiprotons to about 30 MeV kinetic energy, 

opening up the possibility to create low energy antiprotons. 

In the proposed FLAIR facility the antiprotons shall be 

slowed down in a last step from 300 keV to 20 keV in an 

electrostatic storage ring (USR) for various in-ring 

experiments as well as for their efficient injection into traps. 

In this energy range - especially if one thinks about realizing 

a real multi-purpose facility with not only antiprotons, but 

also various highly-charged radioactive ions to be stored and 

investigated - electrostatic storage rings have clear 

advantages compared to their magnetic counterparts. In case 

one envisions to even approach the eV range, electrostatic 

machines are the only possible choice. This contribution 

presents the layout and design parameters of the USR. 



37-541 - Ring of FIRE 

Carsten Peter Welsch (MPI-K, Heidelberg), Christian 

Glaessner, Kai-Uwe Kuehnel, Alwin Schempp (IAP, 

Frankfurt-am-Main), Reinhard Doerner, Horst Schmidt- 

Boecking (IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main) 

A small electrostatic storage ring is the central machine of 

the Frankfurt Ion stoRage Experiments which will be build 

up at the new Stern-Gerlach-Center of Frankfurt university. 

With ion energies up to 50 keV it will allow new methods to 

analyze complex many-particle systems from atoms to very 

large bio molecules. The high luminosity of the beam allows 

measurements with many orders of magnitude better 

resolution compared to traditional measurements. It will be 

combined with existing experiments, like the reaction 

microscope COLTRIMS and the ECR ion source. In 

comparison to earlier designs, the ring lattice was modified

in many details: Problems in earlier designs were 

related with e.g. the detection of light particles and 

highly charged ions with different charge states. 

Therefore, the deflectors were redesigned completely, 

allowing a more flexible positioning of the diagnostics. 

In this contribution the final design of the storage ring 

is presented and the layout of all elements given. First 

results from vacuum measurements in the recently 

assembled quarter ring section are summarized. 



38-1004 - Electrostatic Charging of an Insulated 

Spherical Target by Particle Beam 

Boris Yurievich Bogdanovich, Valery Kapin, Alexander 

Nesterovich (MEPhI, Moscow) 

In the paper [*], the accelerator complex for custom 

examinations had been discussed. The complex 

consists of RF electron linac and the direct-voltage 

proton accelerator. The 2-MeV electron beam used for 

the X-ray generation is also utilized for electrostatic 

charging of the high-voltage terminal of a proton 

accelerator. High-voltage terminal can be constructed 

as a large sphere to minimize peak electric field stress. 

In this report, the charging process of the spherical 

target by electron beam is studied. The particle motion 

is described by the classical Coulomb scattering in the 

field of the charged sphere. The effects of secondary 

emission and resistive divider are included as leakage 

currents. The differential equation for the timederivative 

of the sphere charge is derived in a nonrelativistic 

approach. The time-dependences for the 

charge accumulated on sphere and the energy of hitting 

electrons are obtained analytically. The final values of 

the sphere voltage and the energy of hitting electrons 

depend on total value of leakage current. The 

numerical model for studying relativistic effects is 

outlined. The simulations are performed under 

conditions of negligible leakage currents. 

* P.Alferov et al., EPAC-98, pp.812-814. 



39-122 - A 5 MeV Electron Linac for Radiation 

Processing 

Antonio Trifirò, Lucrezia Auditore, Renato 

Calogero Barnà, Domenico De Pasquale, 

Antonio Italiano, Marina Trimarchi (INFN - Gruppo 

Messina, S. Agata, Messina) 

In recent years, radiation processing is rapidly growing 

in various field of industrial treatments and scientific 

research as a safe, reliable and economic technique. To 

match the requirements of several applications, a 5 

MeV, 1 kW electron linac has been developed at the 

Dipartimento di Fisica (Università di Messina), in 

collaboration with the ENEA Accelerators Group 

(Frascati- Rome). This self- containing standing wave 

accelerator, driven by a 3 GHz, 2.5 MW Magnetron, 

has been designed, by means of the SUPERFISH and 

PARMELA codes, in such a way as to obtain an 

autofocusing structure, that will be used to develop a 

transportable system for 'in-situ' industrial radiography and 

X-ray digital tomography. For this accelerator, compact 

pulse forming circuits have been properly developed for the 

magnetron and the cathode, and pulse frequency can be 

varied ranging from 1 to 300 Hz, thus allowing the study of 

several applications of radiation processing. Main features 

of the accelerating structure, as well as beam spot 

dimensions, surface dose distribution and electron beam 

energy range will be described. 


Classification: [A08] Linear Accelerators 

40-223 - A High Current Deuteron Linac 

Petro Olexandrovich Demchenko, Yevgeny Gussev, Mikola 

Shulika, Vladimir Sotnikov, Vladimir Voronko (NSC/KIPT, 

Kharkov) 

On the basis of numeric simulation a deuteron linac 

accelerating channel has been calculated and the dynamics 

of a beam with average current of 1 mA and particle energy 

of 14 MeV has been investigated. The accelerated deuteron 

beam may be used both for radio isotope molybdenum 99 

production, bombarding natural molybdenum targets, and 

for neutron generation by irradiation of a beryllium target. 

Beam acceleration and particle focusing are carried out the 

same RF electric field of 152.5 MHz frequency and 2% duty 

factor. The accelerating channel consists of three sections. 

The initial section is a radio frequency quadrupole of 4.7 m 

length and injection deuteron energy 100 keV and output 

energy of 2 MeV. Another two sections are the interdigital 

H cavities with alternating phase focusing. The lengths of 

these sections are 3.14 m and 3.8 m and output particle 

energies are 6.4 MeV and 14 MeV respectively. Magnet 

lenses, in particular quadrupole triplets, are applied only for 

beam matching between linac sections. An activation dose 

rate map for the linac has been computed in dependence on 

linear beam current losses along the channel, time activation 

and cooling time after the accelerator stop. The permissible 

deuteron beam losses for the given energy range were 

determined. 



41-224 - Beam Dynamics in 100 MeV S-Band Linac for 

CANDLE 

Bagrat Grigoryan, Vasili Mkrtich Tsakanov (CANDLE, 

Yerevan) 

The report presents the results of the beam dynamics study 

in 100 MeV S-band linear accelerator foreseen as an injector 

for the CANDLE light source. An impact of the excited 

longitudinal and transverse wake fields on the particle 

energy spread and the beam transverse emittance are given. 


Classification: [A08] Linear Accelerators

42-338 - Photoelectron Gun for Formation a 

Systems of Bunches with Given Configuration 

Marzik Petrosyan, Mikhaiel Akopov, Yurik Garibyan, 

Edouard Laziev, Robert Melikian, Yuri Nazaryan, 

Mesrop Oganesyan, Gevorg Petrosyan, Lyudvig 

Petrosyan, Vazgen Pogosyan, Gagik Tovmasyan 

(YerPhI, Yerevan) 

The operation of a photoelectron gun is described and 

preliminary results of investigations of its parameters 

are presented. The photoelectron gun is intended for 

deriving single or double electron bunches with the 

following parameters: the energy of electrons up to 2 

MeV; length of bunches 1-3 cm; controlled distance 

between bunches 5-20 cm; the current in the first bunch 

up to 1000 A and current in the second bunch up to 100 

A. The similar configurations of electron bunches are 

necessary at investigations of new acceleration 

methods, in particular at acceleration of electrons using 

wake fields in plasma. The photoelectric gun is the 

accelerator of a direct action with a feed from a highvoltage 

impulse source of a microsecond range. The 

high-voltage source is a pulse transformer without of 

core located in a metal tank with gas under pressure up 

to 10 atm. The material for a photocathode is chosen an 

alloy of magnesium with a small content of zinc and 

aluminum. The zinc cathode is used also. For a 

photoemission of electrons the fourth harmonics of the 

Nd:YAG laser with energy in impulse 0.1 mJ is used. 

ISTC (International Science & Technology Center). 

Project # 405 



43-481 - Defocusing Factor in the Stepped RF Phase 

Structures 

Nikita Vasyukhin, Yurij Senichev (FZJ/IKP, Jülich) 

The super-conducting linear accelerators are based on 

stepped RF phase structures, when many cavities 

belonging to one family have identical geometry. The 

particles are sliding down or up relative to the RF wave 

in dependence of the ratio between the particles and the 

wave velocities. Thus, the particles are almost never in 

synchronism with the equivalent traveling wave, and 

the proper phasing of the RF cavities provides the 

longitudinal stability. However, in transverse plane the 

defocusing factor in such structures cannot be found 

using classical analytical formalism, and usually it is 

estimated numerically. In this paper we developed new 

theoretical approach to this problem. 



44-544 - Numerical simulations for the Frankfurt 

Funneling Experiment 

Jan Thibus, Alwin Schempp (IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main) 

High beam currents are necessary for heavy ion driven 

fusion (HIF) or XADS. To achieve these high beam 

currents several ion beams are combined at low 

energies to one beam using the funneling technique. In 

each stage a r.f. funneling deflector bunches two accelerated 

beam lines to a common beam axis. The Frankfurt 

Funneling Experiment is a scaled model of the first stage of 

a HIF driver consisting of a Two-Beam RFQ accelerator and 

a funneling deflector. Our two different deflectors have to 

be enhanced to reduce particle losses during the funneling 

process. This is done with our new developed 3D simulation 

software DEFGEN and DEFTRA. DEFGEN generates the 

structure matrix and the potential distribution matrix with a 

Laplace 3D-solver. DEFTRA simulates ion beam bunches 

through the r.f. deflector. The results of the simulations of 

the two existing deflectors and proposals of new deflector 

structures will be presented. 



45-563 - The Buncher Optimization for the Biperiodic 

Accelerator Structure with the High Frequency Focusing 

Alexey Igorevich Fadin (MEPhI, Moscow) 

The bunching part optimization results of an on-axis 

coupled biperiodic accelerating structure of electron linac 

with the high frequency focusing are presented. System is 

intended for operation in the continuous regime at working 

frequency of 2856 MHz and input power 5.5MW. The basic 

development challenge for similar installations on average 

input currents is the effective beam tracking through the 

structure. Some variants of the bunching sections 

distinguished by number of bunching cells were considered. 

The optimum capture ratio and an acceptable spectrum are 

provided by structure with five bunching cells. Optimization 

was carried out by means of dynamic simulation code 

PARMELA and a package of applied programs for the axial 

symmetric structures calculation SUPERFISH. Taking into 

account space charge limitation the maximum capture ratio 

is 55 %. 



46-573 - Delta-T Procedure for Superconducting Linear 

Accelerator 

Alexander Bogdanov, Yurij Senichev (FZJ/IKP, Jülich) 

Development of the tune-up procedure for a linear 

accelerator is the next important stage after the design is 

complete. Conventional delta-T procedure developed for 

tuning of a normal-conducting linear accelerator by Crandall 

allows setting up of accelerating field amplitude and phase 

in cavity with known phase velocity. However, application 

of the delta-T procedure to a superconducting linac meets 

some difficulties. In particular, the synchronous phase 

velocity in superconducting linac is determined by RF phase 

shift between cavities, but not by geometrical size of 

accelerating cells as in normal conducting linac. 

Additionally, in superconducting linac the smaller phase 

advance leads to an insensibility of particles at the cavity 

exit to the variation of the electric field inside the cavity. In 

the paper we consider the modified delta-T procedure 

adjusted for superconducting linac. Numerical simulations 

prove that by proposed technique both tasks of preservation

of necessary stable region motion and providing the 

beam with required final energy can be successfully 

solved. 



47-574 - Separatrix Formalism Applied to Linacs 

Accelerating Particles with Different Charge to 

Mass Ratio 

Alexander Bogdanov, Yurij Senichev (FZJ/IKP, Jülich) 

We have developed separatrix formalism for 

superconducting linear accelerators. This method 

allows optimizing the quasi-synchronous velocity 

behavior along a linac. It gives a great advantage in 

acceleration of particles with different charge to mass 

ratio. In the article design optimization of structure 

supposed to accelerate different particles is presented. 

As an example for numerical simulation 

superconducting injector COSY is taken. 



48-581 - The CERN-SPL Chopper Concept and 

Final Layout 

Fritz Caspers, Yves Cuvet, Jacques Genest, Mauro 

Paoluzzi (CERN, Geneva) 

The fast chopper for the CERN SPL (Superconducting 

Proton Linac) consists of a double meander structure 

with a beta (v/c) value of 8 % printed on an alumina 

substrate for the deflecting plates. Each chopper unit is 

50 cm long and housed in a quadrupole magnet 

surrounding the vacuum chamber. The deflecting plates 

are operated simultaneously in a dual mode, namely 

traveling wave mode for frequencies above about 10 

MHz and as quasi electro-static deflectors below. The 

deflecting structures are water-cooled to handle heating 

from beam losses as well as from the deflecting signal. 

A detailed mechanical layout is presented including the 

tri-axial feeding and termination technique as well as a 

discussion of the drive amplifier 



49-588 - Status of the Superconducting D+-CH-DTL 

Design for IFMIF 

Andreas Christoph Sauer, Horst Deitinghoff, Horst 

Klein, Holger Liebermann, Oliver Meusel, Holger 

Podlech, Ulrich Ratzinger, Rudolf Tiede (IAP, 

Frankfurt-am-Main) 

Within the IFMIF project (International Fusion 

Materials Irradiation Facility) a high current D+-linac 

operated in cw mode has to be developed. The 

acceleration of a 125 mA D+-beam from 0.1 MeV up 

to 40 MeV must be performed at an extremely low loss 

rate (0.1-0.2 microA/m). One optional layout of the 

acceleration facility consists of a high current ion 

source, low energy beam transport (LEBT), Radio- 

Frequency-Quadrupol (RFQ) followed by a 

superconducting H-type DTL. The matching of the 

beam between subsequent linac sections has to be carefully 

optimized to avoid an activation of the structures. Actual 

beam dynamics simulations for such a linac design 

including parameter errors of components are reported. 

Consequences for the LEBT- and RFQ-section are 

discussed. 

Work supported by the EC, GSI and BMBF 



50-710 - Design of the Low-beta, Quarter-wave 

Resonator and its Cryomodule for the SPIRAL 2 Project 

Pierre-Emmanuel Bernaudin, Guillaume Devanz 

(CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Gif-sur-Yvette), Pierre Bosland, 

Stéphane Chel (CEA/DSM, Gif-sur-Yvette) 

The SPIRAL 2 project, to be built in GANIL, consists of a 

40 MeV linear accelerator for 5 mA of deuterons and a 

target-source complex for the production of exotic isotopes. 

The accelerator is also optimised to accelerate q/A = 1/3 ion 

up to 14.4 MeV/u. The three stages of the linac are a RFQ 

(up to 0.75 MeV/A), a low beta (0.007) and a high beta 

(0.12) sections consisting of quarter-wave, 88 MHz 

superconducting resonators. This paper focuses on the low 

beta cavity and its cryomodule. The cavity nominal 

accelerating gradient is at least 6.5 MV/m in operation 

conditions. RF properties of the cavities are dealt with, as 

well as the mechanical ones: helium pressure effects, 

tunability, vibrations. The cryomodule is designed so as to 

save longitudinal space and therefore is partly assembled in 

clean room. 



51-713 - The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment 

Holger Zimmermann, Ulrich Bartz, Norbert Mueller, Alwin 

Schempp, Jan Thibus (IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main) 

The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is a scaled model of 

the first funneling stage of a HIF driver to gather 

experiences in the funneling technique. It is a procedure to 

multiply beam currents at low energies in several stages. In 

each stage two beam lines are combined to a common beam 

line. The funneling technique is required for new proposed 

high current accelerator facilities like HIDIF. The main goal 

is to prevent emittance growth during the funneling process. 

Our experiment consists of two ion sources, a Two-Beam 

RFQ accelerator, two different funneling deflectors and a 

beam diagnostic equipment system. We have demonstrated 

the principle of funneling with both deflector types. But the 

measurements have shown a bad matching of the RFQ to the 

funneling deflector. Now with our new RFQ electrode 

design we achieve a special three dimensional matching to 

the deflector. The new results of our measurements and 

simulations will be presented. 



52-742 - Development of Finger Drift Tube Linacs 

Kai-Uwe Kuehnel, Alwin Schempp (IAP, Frankfurt-am- 

Main), Carsten Peter Welsch (MPI-K, Heidelberg) 

At higher particle energies the efficiency of RFQs 

decreases and DTL structures in combination with 

magnetic quadrupoles are used. One approach at IAP is 

the combination of RFQ and DTL. To compensate the 

defocusing effects of a DTL structure, the accelerating 

gaps of a spiral loaded cavity were equiped with small 

focusing fingers. These fingers arranged in a 

quadrupole symmetry provide an additional focusing 

field component. The beam dynamics of such a cavity 

has been studied with PARMTEQ. Simulations of the 

rf properties have been done using microwave studio. 

A prototype of a spiral loaded cavity with finger drift 

tubes has been built and low power measurement were 

made. Results of the calculations as well as low level 

and bead pertubation measurements are presented in 

this contribution. 



53-743 - Study of a Linac Booster for Proton 

Therapy in the 30-62 MeV Energy Range 

Vittorio Vaccaro, Alessandro D'Elia (Naples 

University Federico II, Napoli), Tarcisio Clauser, 

Antonio Rainò (Bari University, Bari), Vincenzo 

Variale (INFN-Bari, Bari), Maria Rosaria Masullo 

(INFN-Napoli, Napoli), Carlo De Martinis, Dario 

Giove, Marco Mauri (INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)) 

Recent results in accelerator physics have shown the 

feasibility of a coupling scheme between a cyclotron 

and a linac for proton acceleration. Cyclotrons with 

energies up to 30 MeV, mainly devoted to 

radioisotopes production, are available in a large 

number of medical centres. These two evidences have 

suggested the idea to study and design a linac booster 

able to increase the initial proton energy up to the 

values required for the treatment of tumors, like the 

ocular ones. The main challenge in such a project is 

related to meet the requirements arising from the beam 

dynamics with the constrains due both to the 

mechanical structures and tolerances and to the heat 

dissipation mechanism chosen in the design. In this 

paper we will review the rationale of the project and we 

will discuss the basic design of a compact 3 Ghz linac 

with a new approach to the cavities used in a SCL 

(Side Coupled Linac) structure 

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare 

Università di Napoli "Federico II" 

Università di Milano 

Università di Bari 



54-805 - High Intensity Linac Driver for the SPIRAL-2 

Project : Design of Superconducting 88 MHz Quarter 

Wave Resonators (beta 0.12), Power Couplers and 

Cryomodules 

Tomas Junquera, Jean-Luc Biarrotte, Sebastien Blivet, 

Sébastien Bousson, Guillaume Olry, Herve Saugnac 

(IPN, Orsay), Pascal Balleyguier (CEA/DAM, Bruyères-le- 

Châtel), Michel Fruneau, Yolanda Gomez-Martinez, 

Emmanuelle Vernay, Francis Vezzu (LPSC, Grenoble) 

A Superconducting Linac Driver, delivering deuterons with 

energy up to 40 MeV (5 mA) and heavy ions with energy of 

14.5 MeV/u (1 mA ), is proposed for the Spiral-2 

radioactive beams facility. For the high energy section of the 

linac, a superconducting 88 MHz Quarter Wave Resonator 

(beta 0.12) has been designed and the optimisation of RF 

and mechanical performances will be presented. Based on 

the present state-of-art of the Superconducting RF 

technology, maximum electric surface field of 40 MV/m and 

magnetic surface field of 80 mT, have been adopted which 

should allow to reach an accelerating field of 7 MV/m 

(energy gain 3 MeV per resonator). A first complete 

prototype is under construction. The high intensity deuteron 

beam specifications have imposed the design of an original 

power coupler (maximum power 20 KW). The RF, 

mechanical, and thermal characteristics will be presented. 

The design of the cryomodule for this high energy section, 

integrating two QWR with its associated equipments 

(couplers, tuners, helium tanks), will be presented. 



55-808 - Calculation of Thermal Transient Conditions 

Dmitry Alexandrovich Zavadtsev (Introscan, Moscow) 

Industry electron linear accelerator is built on base of onaxis 

coupled biperiodic accelerating structure. Designed 

parameters are: accelerated electron energy is up to 10 MeV, 

average beam power is up to 10 kW, pulse length is (10-15) 

microsecond, accelerating section length is 1 m, peak RF 

generator power is 2.5 MW, average RF generator power is 

up to 25 kW. Time dependences of accelerating structure 

frequency at step-like changing of RF power loss, 

temperature and flow of the water have been got. The 

processes are not exponential. Effective time constant, 

estimated at 0.9 frequency level, is equal to 16 sec at RF 

power changing and 19 sec at water temperature changing. 

Effective time constant, estimated using derivative in 

control region, is equal to 11 sec at RF power changing and 

21 sec at water temperature changing. Got numerical 

analysis results are intended for use in engineering of RF 

power supply system of industry accelerator at mentioned 

parameters. 



56-827 - Approaching to a Mono-modal 

Accelerating Cavity based on Photonic Band-gap 

Concepts 

Maria Rosaria Masullo (INFN-Napoli, Napoli), 

Giorgio Keppel, Vincenzo Palmieri, Diego Tonini 

(INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova), Antonello Andreone, 

Emiliano Di Gennaro, Ferdinando Francomacaro, 

Gianrico Lamura, Vittorio Vaccaro (Naples University 

Federico II, Napoli) 

One of the main problem of high intensity accelerators 

is the presence of high order modes (HOMs) which 

might degrade the beam quality. Accelerating cavities 

require HOMs suppression while keeping high quality 

factor (Q) fundamental mode. Both these requirements 

can be hardly met in closed metallic cavities. In low 

frequency cases and for particular geometries it is 

possible to partially suppress HOMs, but at high 

frequencies and for superconducting cavities 

configuration becomes cumbersome and technically 

unviable. We propose here a high Q cavity based on 

Photonic Band Gap (PBG) concepts, operating in the 

microwave region. The cavity consists of a twodimensional 

lattice, where posts (dielectric, metallic or 

superconducting) are sandwiched by two conducting 

plates. This sandwich exhibits two kinds of frequency 

bands: 'pass-bands' and 'stop-bands'. It is possible to 

localize modes in an equivalent cavity obtained by 

removing posts. These modes are localized in the 

'cavity'. In this way, one can obtain a quasi-monomodal 

cavity: high Q fundamental mode and HOMs 

falling into the pass bands. We will present the study, 

the optimisation and the measurements of our metallic 

(Copper) PBG structure working in the 2-20 GHz 

range. The development of a different cryogenic set-up, 

necessary to characterise an all superconducting or an 

hybrid (dielectric/metallic) structure, is under way. 

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare 

Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di 

Scienze Fisiche 



57-912 - CEBAF Injector Achieved World's Best 

Beam Quality for Three Simultaneous Beams with a 

Wide Range of Bunch Charges 

Reza Kazimi, Kevin Beard, Jay Benesch, Arne 

Freyberger, Joseph Michael Grames, Tommy Hiatt, 

Andrew Hutton, Geoffrey Arthur Krafft, Lia Merminga, 

Matthew Poelker, Michael Spata, Micheal Tiefenback, 

Byung Chel Yunn, Yuhong Zhang (Jefferson Lab, 

Newport News, Virginia) 

The CEBAF accelerator simultaneously provides three 

499 MHz interleaved continuous electron beams 

spanning 5 decades in beam intensity (a few nA to 200 

uA) to three experimental halls. The typical three-user 

physics program became more challenging when a new 

experiment, G0, was approved for more than six times 

higher bunch charge than is routine. The G0 

experiment requires up to 8 million electrons per bunch (at a 

reduced repetition rate of 31 MHz) while the lowest current 

hall operates at 100 electrons per bunch simultaneously. 

This means a bunch destined to one hall may experience 

significant space charge forces while the next bunch, for 

another hall, is well below the space charge limit. This 

disparity in beam intensity is to be attained while 

maintaining best ever values in the beam quality, including 

final relative energy spread (

This work was supported by US Department of Energy, 

contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00515 



59-987 - Test Results of Injector Based on 

Resonance System with Evanescent Oscillations 

Sergey Perezhogin, Mykola Ivanovich Ayzatskiy, Efrem 

Zakharovich Biller, Kateryna Kramarenko, Volodymyr 

Kushnir, Viktor Mytrochenko, Valentin Zhiglo 

(NSC/KIPT, Kharkov) 

Report presents results of tune-up and tests of the 

compact electron S ? band injector consisting of the 

low-voltage diode electron gun and the bunching 

system based on the resonant system with the 

evanescent oscillation. In the considered bunching 

system electrical field increased from beam entrance to 

an exit of the buncher. The injector designed for 

bunching of electron beam with initial energy of 25 

keV and pulse current of 300 mA and accelerating it to 

the energy of 1 MeV. 



60-1024 - S-band Electron Linac with Variation of 

Beam Energy Over a Wide Range 

Viktor Mytrochenko, Mykola Ivanovich Ayzatskiy, 

Efrem Zakharovich Biller, Victor Boriskin, Anatoly 

Nikolayevich Dovbnya, Igor Khodak, Volodymyr 

Kushnir, Sergey Perezhogin, Yuriy D. Tur, Vyacheslav 

Uvarov, Valentin Zhiglo (NSC/KIPT, Kharkov) 

The new S-band electron linac has been designed at 

NSC KIPT. The main feature of the linac is variation of 

beam energy in a range from 25 to 100 MeV. The linac 

consists of the injector based on evanescent oscillations 

and the two four-meter long piecewise homogeneous 

accelerating sections. Each section is supplied with RF 

power from the KIU-12AM klystron. To vary a mean 

energy of the beam, bunches are accelerated in 

different phases about the wave crest in the second 

accelerating section. The report presents layout of the 

linac, its present status and simulation results of selfconsistent 

particle dynamics in the linac. 



61-1036 - Triple-spoke Cavities in FZJ 

Evgeny Zaplatin, Werner Braeutigam, Rudolf Maier, 

Rolf Stassen, Raimund Tölle (FZJ/IKP, Jülich), 

Michael Pap, Manfred Skrobucha (FZJ, Julich) 

We report the situation with superconducting triplespoke 

cavity activities at the research center FZJ in 

Juelich. The Nb prototype of the 700 MHz, beta=0.2 

cavity is already in fabrication and should be tested this 

year. This work has been initiated for the European 

Spallation Source project. In the frames of the new 

European project of High Intensity Pulsed Proton 

Injector the 352 MHz, beta=0.48 cavity is under 

developments. This cavity should be designed, built and 

tested in the Lab within next few years. 



62-1114 - A 40MeV Electron Source with a Photocathode 

for X-ray Generation through Laser-compton Scattering 

Fumio Sakai (SHI, Tokyo) 

.3 keV femtosecond X-ray generation through laser- 

Compton scattering with 14MeV electron source and a TW 

Ti:sapphire laser was achieved. In order to increase the Xray 

energy up to 15 keV for some applications, e.g. protein 

crystallography, we modified the system to increase electron 

energy. Electron beams emitted from a S-band RF 

photocathode are accelerated up to 40MeV with two 1.5m 

standing-wave linacs. The beams are bended at 90 degree 

using an achromatic bending system, then focused with a 

triplet quadrupole-magnet to be interacted with laser pulses. 

The characteristics of electron beams, emittance, energy and 

energy dispersion, will be described. 

The New Energy and Industrial technology Development 

Organization (NEDO) in Japan 



63-1126 - RF Design of the MAFF IH-RFQ Power 

Resonator 

Matteo Pasini (LMU, Garching), Thomas Sieber (CERN, 

Geneva), Dietrich Habs, Oliver Kester (LMU, München) 

The low energy part of the LINAC of the MAFF facility will 

be an IH-RFQ cavity with 101.28 MHz resonance 

frequency. The RF design of the cavity has been completed, 

including design calculations and model measurements. The 

RFQ is designed to deliver ions of A/q = 6.5 up to 300 

keV/u to be injected into the following LINAC. The 

structure chosen was an IH type of resonator since it was 

demontrated to have a better shunt impedance. The required 

voltage between the electrodes is 70kV and the operation 

mode is pulsed with a duty cycle of 10%. The structure will 

be made out from bulk copper in order to improve the shunt 

impedance and hence to allow not direct cooling on the 

electrodes. The optimizazion of the several parameters of 

the structure, and the technique for tuning the voltage 

distribution are presented in this paper. Measurements with 

a short model will be shown as well. 

Work supported by the DFG 



64-1136 - Improvements of SPring-8 Linac towards Topup 

Operation 

Shinsuke Suzuki, Takao Asaka, Hideki Dewa, Hirofumi 

Hanaki, Toshiaki Kobayashi, Takemasa Masuda, Akihiko 

Mizuno, Tsutomu Taniuchi, Hiromitsu Tomizawa, Kenichi 

Yanagida (JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo) 

The top-up operation of the SPring-8 storage ring will start 

in May, 2004. In order to realize alternative injection into 

the booster synchrotron in the top-up operation and the 

NewSUBARU, an AC bending magnet replaced the DC

ending magnet in the beam transport line to the 

booster synchrotron. This magnet operates at 1 Hz with 

a trapezoid current pattern. The 1-GeV electron beam 

goes at the bottom of the current pattern to the 

NewSUBARU or at the top of the pattern to the booster 

synchrotron. In order to obtain the higher reliability of 

the linac for the top-up operation, reinforcement of the 

beam monitor systems, further improvement of RF 

phase stability and upgrade of the control system were 

required. BPM?s has been newly installed in energy 

dispersion sections, and beam transport feedback 

control is in development. The phase variation in the 

RF system was reduced by the regulation of the gas 

pressure in the waveguide of the klystrons drive 

system. We re-engineered the VME systems to 

maximize availability of the linac operation 

considering its reliability, usability, expandability and 

flexibility. 



65-1143 - Laser Temporal Pulse Shaping 

Experiment For SPARC Photoinjector 

Carlo Vicario, Andrea Ghigo (INFN/LNF, Frascati 

(Roma)), Simone Cialdi (INFN-Milano, Milano), 

Massimo Petrarca (INFN-Roma, Roma), Ilario 

Boscolo (Universita' degli Studi di Milano, MILANO) 

Laser for driving high brightness photoinjector have to 

produce UV square pulse which is predicted to be the 

optimum profile for emittance compensation in 

advanced photoinjectors. The longitudinal laser pulse 

distribution, according to numerical simulations for the 

SPARC photoinjector, must be square with rise and fall 

time shorter than 1 ps and flat top variable up to 10 ps 

FWHM. In this paper we report the results of pulse 

shaping obtained using an acousto-optic (AO) 

programmable dispersive filter (DAZZLER). The 

DAZZLER was used to perform spectral amplitude and 

phase modulation of the incoming 100 fs Ti:Sapphire 

pulses. Because of the finite length of the crystal the 

maximum duration of the shaped pulse is 6 ps. To 

overcome this limitation we used a configuration in 

which the laser pulses passed twice through the AO 

filter. A dispersive glass section was also used to 

lengthen the pulse with a single pass in the DAZZLER. 

In this paper we report the experimental setup, 

hardware description and time and frequency domain 

measurements. 



66-1147 - Design Studies of a high Current 

Deuteron RFQ 

Chuan Zhang, Alwin Schempp (IAP, Frankfurt-am- 

Main), Jia-er Chen, Jia-Xun Fang, Zhiyu Guo 

(PKU/IHIP, Beijing) 

A 201.5MHz, 50mA deuteron RFQ is proposed for the 

new neutron source project at Peking University, 

China. Considering minimum beam losses, the limited 

RF power and the demands of safety maintenance, design 

studies have been performed with the ParmteqM and 

Microwave Studio codes to optimize the structure design. 

Results of a conceptual design with a compact structure and 

high transmission efficiency is presented. 

Mr. C.Zhang is supported by Gottlieb Daimler- und Karl 

Benz-Stiftung & GSI, Germany 



67-1285 - First Results of Pulsed Superconducting Halfwave 

Resonators 

Rolf Stassen, Ralf Eichhorn, Rudolf Maier, Gebhard Schug, 

Raimund Tölle, Evgeny Zaplatin (FZJ/IKP, Jülich), 

F.M. Esser, Bernhard Laatsch (FZJ, Julich) 

A pulsed linac for the cooler synchrotron COSY was 

projected based on superconductive half-wave resonators 

(HWRs). The concept of single phased resonators is a great 

challenge related to the requirement of accelerating protons 

and deuterons up to a similar energy. A cryomodule, which 

houses four cavities was designed in Cooperation with FZJ- 

ZAT, taking into account the restricted space and the 

special requirements of a linear accelerator. Two prototypes 

of the 160MHz Half-Wave Resonators (HWRs) were built 

at different companies. The fabrication differs slightly 

concerning the top and bottom parts of the cavity as well as 

the welding of the inner and outer conductor. First results of 

warm and cold measurements will be presented. The 

behaviour of the adjustable 4kW main coupler as well as the 

mechanical tuner can be tested together with the HWR in a 

new vertical test-cryostat. 



68-1313 - Achievements of the High Current Beam 

Performance of the GSI Unilac 

Winfried Barth, Ludwig Dahl, Joerg Glatz, Lars Groening, 

Simone Georgia Richter, Stephan Yaramishev (GSI, 

Darmstadt) 

The present GSI-accelerator complex is foreseen to serve for 

the future synchrotron SIS100 as an injector for up to 1012 

U28+ particles/sec. The High Current Injector of the Unilac 

was successfully commissioned five years ago. An increase 

of more than two orders of magnitude in particle number for 

the heaviest elements in the SIS had to be gained. Since that 

time many different ion species were accelerated in routine 

operation. In 2001 a physics experiment used 2_109 

Uranium ions per spill. In order to meet this request the 

MEVVA ion source provided for the first time in routine 

operation a high intense Uranium beam. The main purpose 

for the machine development program during the last two 

years was the enhancement of the intensity for Uranium 

beams. Different hardware measures and a huge 

investigation program in all Unilac-sections resulted in an 

increase of the uranium intensity by a factor of 7. The paper 

will focus on the measurements of beam quality, as beam 

emittance and bunch structure for Megawatt-Uranium 

beams. Additionally the proposed medium- and long-term 

hardware measures will be described, which should gain in

the required uranium intensity to fill the SIS up to the 

space charge limit. 



69-1317 - Analysis and Synthesis of Perturbations 

aimed at TRASCO RFQ Tuning 

Antonio Palmieri, Andrea Pisent (INFN/LNL, Legnaro, 

Padova), Guiseppe Lamanna (INFN-Bari, Bari) 

TRASCO RFQ requires a longitudinal electric field 

variation not exceeding the ±1% with respect to the 

design configuration. Therefore, the implementation of 

a suitable tuning procedure for such a structure requires 

a proper modelling of the RFQ, especially with regard 

to the effects of perturbations on fields and frequency 

spectrum configuration. In this article we present a 

model of the RFQ, based on normal mode analysis, in 

which it is possible, from the knowledge of frequency 

perturbations, to determine the associated field 

perturbation in the cavity (analysis problem). Then, 

starting from the actual knowledge of the field in each 

quadrant, the problem of determining the local 

frequency perturbation will be envisaged (synthesis 

problem). 



70-1319 - Study of a High-current 176 MHz RFQ as 

a Deuteron Injector for the SPES Project 

Marco Marchetto, Michele Comunian, Antonio 

Palmieri, Andrea Pisent (INFN/LNL, Legnaro, 

Padova) 

The SPES project, aimed at the construction of a RIB 

facility at LNL, is initially based on the use of a 

primary proton beam, but it foresees a future 

development based on the usage of deuterons and light 

ions. In this article we report about the preliminary 

study of a 176 MHz RFQ to be used as an injector for 

such kind of beams. The structure explored foresees a 

?four ladder? symmetric resonator, built in brazed 

copper. In particular beam dynamics, electrodynamics 

design and preliminary thermo-structural analysis of 

the cavity is presented. 



71-1338 - Status of the HITRAP Decelerator Linac 

at GSI 

Charles Agbehonou Kitegi, Ulrich Ratzinger, Alwin 

Schempp (IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main), Thomas Beier, 

Ludwig Dahl, Christophor Kozhuharov, Wolfgang 

Quint, Markus Steck (GSI, Darmstadt), Sergey Minaev 

(ITEP, Moscow) 

Within the European Network HITRAP (heavy Ion 

trap) trapped and cooled higly charged ions up to U92+ 

will become avilable for a variety of attractive 

experiments in atomic physics. Heavy ions are 

produced, accelerated and stripped in the GSI 

accelerator complex and are stored in the ESR down to 

4 MeV/u. To be captured in HITRAP, ions have to be 

decelerated to energies below 6 keV/u. The decelerator 

proposed to achieve these energies is a combination of an IH 

Drift tube cavity operating in the H11(0) mode and a RFQ. 

The operating frequency is 108.408MHz . The A/q range of 

the linac is up to 3. A very efficient deceleration by up to 11 

MV along the 2.7 m long IH cavity with a rf power of 

200kw is achieved by applying the KONUS beam dynamics. 

The deceleration from 500 A.keV down 6A.keV is provided 

by a 1.8 m long 4-rod RFQ.The beam dynamics as well as 

the cavity design of that linac will be described.The 

decelerator linac will be installed in the reinjection beam 

line and is being developed in collaboration between GSI 

and the Frankfurt University . 

supported by GSI 



72-1472 - A PARMELA Model of the CEBAF Injector 

valid over a wide range of parameters 

Yuhong Zhang, Kevin Beard, Jay Benesch, Yu-Chiu Chao, 

Arne Freyberger, Joseph Michael Grames, Reza Kazimi, 

Geoffrey Arthur Krafft, Rui Li, Lia Merminga, Matthew 

Poelker, Micheal Tiefenback, Byung Chel Yunn (Jefferson 

Lab, Newport News, Virginia) 

A pre-existing PARMELA model of the CEBAF injector 

has been recently verified using machine survey data and 

also extended to 60 MeV region. The initial distribution and 

temperature of an electron bunch are determined by the 

photocathode laser spot size and emittance measurements. 

The improved injector model has been used for extensive 

computer simulations of the simultaneous delivery of the 

Hall A beam required for a hypernuclear experiment, and 

the Hall C beam, required for a parity experiment. The Hall 

C beam requires a factor of 6 higher bunch charge than the 

Hall A beam, with significantly increased space charge 

effects, while the Hall A beam has an exceedingly stringent 

energy spread requirement of 2.5x10-5 rms. Measurements 

of the beam properties of both beams at several energies 

(100 keV, 500 keV, 5 MeV, 60 MeV) and several values of 

the bunch charge were performed using the standard quadwire 

scanner technique. Comparisons of simulated particle 

transmission rate, longitudinal beam size, transverse 

emittance and twiss parameters, and energy spread against 

experimental data yield reasonably good agreement. The 

model is being used for searching for optimal setting of the 

CEBAF injector. 

Work supported by the U.S. Dept of Energy under Contract 

No. DE-AC05-84ER40150. 



73-1499 - Dark Current Reduction System for SPring-8 

Linac 

Toshiaki Kobayashi, Takao Asaka, Hirofumi Hanaki, 

Masazumi Shoji, Shinsuke Suzuki, Kazuhiro Tamura 

(JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo) 

The SPring-8 linac accelerates dark currents generated by its 

injector part up to 1 GeV. These dark currents are injected

with main beam into the SPring-8 storage ring and then 

spoil the purity of the stored beam. The dark currents 

are mainly composed of a grid emission current from a 

thermionic gun and field emission currents from rf 

accelerating structures. A beam deflector for kicking 

only the grid emission by a pulsed electric field was 

developed and installed in the SPring-8 linac. We 

observed that the beam deflector greatly reduced the 

grid emission current accelerated up to 1 GeV. The 

measured purity of the stored single-bunched beam was 

about 5x10^-6 when the deflector operated, which was 

almost 1/100 of the purity without filtering by the 

deflector. However, the deflector, which is installed 

before the prebucher, cannot reduced the field emission 

currents from the buncher cavities and the first 

acccelerating structure. These dark currents take 

considerable proportion of the total dark currents 

observed at the end of the linac. We are trying to spin 

off the field emission currents by weak magnetic fields 

across the accelerating structure generated by several 

coils. 



74-1547 - First Commissioning Experiments at 

DARHT-II 

Carl Ekdahl (LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico) 

The second axis of the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydro- 

Test (DARHT) facility will provide up to four short(< 

150 ns) radiation pulses for flash radiography of highexplosive 

driven implosion experiments[1]. The 

DARHT-II linear induction accelerator (LIA) will 

produce a 2-kA,18-MeV,2-micro-s electron beam. A 

fast kicker will cleave four short pulses out of the 

beam, which will focused onto a tantalum target for 

conversion to bremsstrahlung pulses for radiography. 

The first tests of the second axis accelerator were 

designed to demonstrate the technology, and to meet 

the modest performance requirements for closing out 

the DARHT-II construction project. These experiments 

demonstrated that we could indeed produce a 1.2 kA 

beam with pulse length 0.5-1.2 s and 

accelerate it to 12.5 MeV. These de-rated parameters 

were chosen to minimize risk of damage in these first 

experiments with this novel accelerator. The beam was 

stable to the BBU instability for these parameters. In 

fact, we had to reduce the magnetic guide field by a 

factor of 5 before any evidence of BBU was observed. 

We will discuss the results of these experiments and 

their implications, as well as our plans for continuing 

with DARHT-II commissioning. 

United States Department of Energy 



75-165 - New Developments of a Laser Ion Source for 

Ion Synchrotrons 

Sergei Kondrashev, Alexander Balabaev, Konstantin 

Konukov, Boris Sharkov, Alexander Shumshurov (ITEP, 

Moscow), Olivier Camut, James Chamings, Hartmut 

Kugler, Richard Scrivens (CERN, Geneva), Andrei 

Charushin, Konstantin Makarov, Yuri Satov, Yuri 

Smakovskii (SRC RF TRINITI, Moscow region) 

Laser Ion Sources (LIS) are well suited to filling 

synchrotron rings with highly charged ions of almost any 

element in a single turn injection mode. We report the first 

measurements of the LIS output parameters for Pb27+ ions 

generated by the new 100 J/1 Hz Master Oscillator - Power 

Amplifier CO2-laser system. A new LIS has been designed, 

built and tested at CERN, as an ion source for ITEP-TWAC 

accelerator/accumulator facility, and as a possible future 

source for an upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) 

injector chain. The use of the LIS based on 100 J/1 Hz CO2laser 

together with the new ion LINAC, as injector for 

ITEP-TWAC project is discussed. 


Classification: [T01] Proton and Ion Sources 

76-263 - Improved Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion/ 

Plasma Device Using Novel Cusp Mirror Magnetic Field 

Md Haroon Rashid, Rakesh Bhandari, Chaturanan Mallik 

(DAE/VECC, Calcutta) 

Sufficient beams of the Highly Charged Heavy Ion (HCHI) 

have been obtained using some techniques in conventional 

electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) but at the 

cost of simplicity and economy. Many workers identified 

that the cusp magnetic field (CMF) was the best as it has 

more confining feature but a little current of HCHIs 

extracted practically. The CMF has been reconfigured 

adopting a simple, novel and cost-effective novel technique. 

It uses a pair of concentric coils either normal-conducting or 

super-conducting and a highly permeable mid-iron disk for 

the field due to coil system or available permanent magnet 

having very high remanence and coercivity. It can be 

designed now for higher microwave frequencies for high-B 

mode operation of the cusp ECRIS. The novel CMF at the 

cusp positions is referred to a theory of equilibrium, which 

takes into account mirror reflection of particles. A system of 

two ion-sources used for RIB production may not be 

required now. It can be designed without having any 

permanent magnet either. Now it is possible to place a cusp 

ECRIS near the thick target for ionizing the effusing out 

radioactive fragments to high charge-state. A simple design 

of 14.4 GHz cusp mirror ECRIS and a scheme of obtaining 

highly charged RIB will be finally discussed. This technique 

can herald a new epoch for development of ECR ion/ 

plasma device for many advantageous applications. 


Classification: [T01] Proton and Ion Sources

77-285 - Design of the Magnetic Structure of ECR 

Ion Source NANOGUN-10B 

Juraj Pivarc (IP SAS, Bratislava), Mohamed El-Shazly, 

Alexander Tikhomirov (JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region) 

The magnetic structure of new 10 GHz ECR ion source 

NANOGUN-10B is described. Small permanent 

magnets are used for construction of suitable hexapole 

and axial magnetic structure. Permanent magnets are 

made from FeNdB with a remanence of 1.1 T. The 

hexapole consists of 24 trapezoidal segments. The axial 

magnetic structure is designed of 7 slices of FeNdB 

permanent magnets defining a magnetic field of 0.58 T 

in the extraction and 0.77 T near the injection of the 

UHF area. The magnetic structure internal diameter is 

36 mm and the external diameter is 200 mm. The total 

weight of the magnetic structure is about 36 kg. 



78-453 - Production and Transport of Radioactive 

Francium for Magneto-optical Trapping 

Giulio Stancari (UNIFE, Ferrara; INFN/LNL, 

Legnaro, Padova) 

An innovative facility for the production and trapping 

of francium isotopes is operating at the INFN 

laboratories in Legnaro, Italy. The goal is to obtain a 

dense cloud of cold and possibly polarized radioactive 

atoms for a wide range of fundamental studies. Among 

them are high-resolution laser spectroscopy, alphadecay 

asymmetries from deformed nuclei, and tests of 

the standard model at low transferred momenta. The 

production of francium is achieved by sending a 100- 

MeV oxygen-18 beam from the Tandem-XTU 

accelerator on a thick gold target. The extraction of Fr+ 

is enhanced by heating the target to 1200 K and by 

biasing it at +3 kV. The ions are transported to the 

magneto-optical trap (MOT) through a 7-m 

electrostatic beam line. The diagnostic systems for 

monitoring the beam intensity (10^5 ions/s) are based 

on silicon detectors sensitive to the alpha particles from 

Fr decays. Beams of stable Rb+ can also be used for 

optimizing the transport and trapping processes. Prior 

to injection into the MOT the beam is neutralized and 

released in atomic form by a heated yttrium or 

zirconium foil. Details on the production, transport and 

neutralization processes are presented. 

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) 

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia (INFM) 

Universita` degli Studi di Ferrara 

Universita` degli Studi di Pisa 

Universita` degli Studi di Siena 



79-499 - Beams from RF Ovens and ECR Ion Sources 

Marco Cavenago (INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova), Timur 

Kulevoy, Sergey Petrenko (ITEP, Moscow) 

Beam of silver, copper and recently platinum were produced 

with the radiofrequency oven technique. The ECRIS 

(Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source) can be 

conveniently considered as a charge breeder for any 

injection device; this approach allows to compare the 

injection of metals from ovens with other techniques 

discussed in the literature, like the injection from mevva 

(Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc) sources or the injection of 

single charged RIB (radioactive ion beams) or the simple 

injection of heavy gas. Extensive experiments extracting 

beams of copper (charge up 13+) or silver (charge up to 

19+) or xenon (charge up 20+) with the same ECRIS 

condition are described, and advantage of rf oven over gas 

injection are discussed; in particular the oven crucible can 

be easily voltage biased up to -400 V, to modify ECRIS 

plasma shape. Heating the tantalum crucibles over 2300 K 

(average temperature) requires careful axial alignment to 

avoid the formation of hot spots; preliminary evidence of 

this effect and its numerical modeling are also described. 

INFN 



80-1125 - ECRIS Development for the SPIRAL II 

Project 

Pascal Sortais, Jean-Claude Curdy, Thierry Lamy, Patrick 

Sole, Thomas Thuillier, Jean-Louis Vieux-Rochaz, Didier 

Voulot (LPSC, Grenoble) 

The SSI/LPSC laboratory is involved in the development of 

high intensity sources for the driver accelerator and on the 

improvements of a charge breeding system for its operation 

inside an highly radioactive environment. We will present 

the results obtained for the qualification of a 5 mAe/40 KV 

beam of Deuteron ions dedicated to the feeding of the 

driver. Concerning the heavy ions, the source PHOENIX 

18/28 GHz has been chosen as injector of the driver. The 

optimization of the source is done in order to produce 

reliable beams of 1mAe / O6+ and 0.3 mAe of Ar12+ at 60 

KV. Theses developments are presently done with the room 

temperature version of PHOENIX (including a new version 

of the hexapole of the source). In parallel, an upgrade 

version of PHOENIX, using HTS coils, is under 

construction and is dedicated to production of very high 

intensity of the Argon ions (up to 1 mAe of Ar12+). A 

charge breeding system is also under qualification. The 

PHOENIX Booster source confirms that efficiency for mass 

around hundred can reach up to 6%. Now the efforts consist 

in precisely defining the 1+ beam matching for charge 

breeding tuning of the source (emittance measurements). 


Classification: [T01] Proton and Ion Sources

81-1359 - Production of Radioactive Ion Beams for 

the EXCYT Facility 

Mariano Menna, Cuttone, Maurizio Re (INFN/LNS, 

Catania) 

The EXCYT facility (EXotics with CYclotron and 

Tandem) at the INFN-LNS is based on a K-800 

Superconducting Cyclotron injecting stable heavy-ion 

beams (up to 80 MeV/amu, 1 emA) into a target-ion 

source assembly to produce the required nuclear 

species, and on a 15 MV Tandem for post-accelerating 

the radioactive beams. After thermal ANSYS 

simulations, during May 2003 the Target-Ion Source 

assembly (TIS) was successfully tested at GANIL 

under the same operational conditions that will be 

initially used at EXCYT. Yields and production 

efficiencies for 8,9Li were compatible with the ones 

obtained at SPIRAL. Following suggestions by the 

Referees? and the LNS Research Division, we decided 

to deliver 8Li as the first EXCYT radioactive beam 

(primary beam 13C, 18O or 15N). This choice also 

takes in account the availability of Magnex in 2004 as 

well as the requests and the first results obtained by the 

Big Bang collaboration. The commissioning of the 

EXCYT facility is foreseen by the end of 2004 together 

with the start of nuclear experiments program. In this 

poster we also report prospective ion beams currently 

in development. 



82-1489 - Development of the EBIS-based 

Preinjector for RHIC at BNL 

Edward Beebe, James Alessi, Ahovi Kponou, 

Alexander I. Pikin, Krsto Prelec, Deepak Raparia 


The RHIC requirement for an electron beam ion source 

(EBIS) is about 3E9 particles/pulse of Au32+ ions in 

10-40 microsecond pulses [*], and can be met using a 

10A electron beam with a space charge neutralization 

by confined ions of 50%. As a result of experiments 

on a test EBIS having the full electron beam power and 

~1/2 of the trap length of an EBIS for RHIC, we are 

confident that an EBIS meeting RHIC requirements 

can be built. Most design goals have been exceeded 

including electron beam current, ion charge state, total 

ion charge (scaled for length), confinement period 

requirements, charge purity requirements and relative 

abundance. Normalized rms emittance values for 1- 

3mA extracted ion beams have been in the range of 

0.08-0.1 pi mm mrad. Present development of the 

source is limited to reliability and facilitating future 

upgrades in ion intensity and species, since the major 

emphasis is now on integrating the EBIS into a preinjector 

facility, including an RFQ and linac; i.e., 

efficient injection of low-charged seed ions and low 

energy transport of intense beams of highly charged 

ions from the EBIS to the RFQ. 

This work is performed under the auspices of the U.S. 

Department of Energy 

* H. Haseroth and K. Prelec, Physica Scripta T71, 23 (1997) 



83-82 - Performance of a CW RFQ Injector for the 

IUCF Cyclotron 

Dennis Friesel, Vladimir Peter Derenchuk (IUCF, 

Bloomington, Indiana) 

A 750 keV RFQ proton pre-injector was installed in place of 

a 600 keV Cockroft-Walton high voltage terminal for the 

IUCF k220 Cyclotron. The pre-injector consists of a 20 keV 

microwave ion source and LEBT, a unique design 750 keV 

CW RFQ, and a short transfer beam line to the k15 injector 

cyclotron center region. Modifications to the K15 cyclotron 

injection system were also required to accept beam from the 

RFQ. This pre-injector system was installed and 

commissioned in June of 2003 and is now in routine service 

as the sole injection system to the cyclotrons. This 

contribution will discuss the performance of the CW RFQ 

pre-injector and the transmission properties of the beam 

through the cyclotrons. 

Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47468 


Classification: [T12] Beam Injection/Extraction and 

Transport 

84-330 - Proton Beam Line for the ISIS Second Target 

Station 

Dean Adams (CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon) 

The ISIS facility, based at the Rutherford Appleton 

Laboratory in the UK, is an intense pulsed source of Muons 

and Neutrons used for condensed matter research. The 

accelerator facility delivers an 800 MeV proton beam of 

2.5x1013 protons per pulse at 50 Hz. As part of the facility 

upgrade, which includes increasing the source intensity to 

3.7x1013 protons per pulse using a dual harmonic RF 

system, it is planned to share the source with a second, 10 

Hz, target station. A beam line supplying this target will 

extract from the existing target station beam line. 

Measurements and models characterising the optical 

functions around the extraction point of the existing line are 

discussed. The optical design, diagnostics and beam 

correction systems for second target station beam line are 

presented. 



Transport

85-661 - Possibilities for Experiments with Rare 

Radioactive Ions in a Storage Ring Using Individual 

Injection 

Anatoly Olegovich Sidorin (JINR, Dubna, Moscow 

Region; JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region), Takeshi 

Katayama (CNS, Saitama), Wolfgang Mittig (GANIL, 

Caen), Igor Meshkov, Alexander Smirnov, Evgeny 

Syresin, Grigory Troubnikov (JINR, Dubna, Moscow 

Region), James R. Lewandowski (SLAC/ARDA, Menlo 

Park, California) 

A radioactive ion beam produced at a target bombarded 

with a primary beam has after a fragment separator a 

relatively large emittance and small production rate. 

For instance, typical flux of 132Sn isotope at the exit 

of fragment-separator is about 5_10^5 ions/s. 

Conventionally used scheme of the ion storage in a ring 

based on multitutrn injection and (or) RF stacking and 

stochastic cooling application can not provide a high 

storage rate at so pure intensity especially for short 

lived isotopes. In this report we discuss an alternative 

storage scheme which is oriented to the continuous ion 

beam from fragment separator at production rate of 104 

ions/s or even less. It is based on the fact, that at low 

production rate the parameters of each particle can be 

measured individually with rather high accuracy. The 

particle trajectory can be individually corrected in a 

transfer channel from fragment separator to the storage 

ring using system of fast kickers. A fast kicker in the 

ring synchronized with a circulating bunch provides 

continuous injection of the ions. The scheme permits to 

store the ion number required for precise mass 

measurements and internal target experiment. A hope 

to obtain large luminosity of ion-electron collisions is 

related with a possibility of the ion beam crystallization 

at small particle number. 

This work is supported by RFBR grant #02-02-19611 



Transport 

86-840 - Comparative Design Studies of a Super 

Buncher for the PSI 72 MeV Injection Line of the 

PSI Main Cyclotron 

Jean-Yves Raguin, Andreas Adelmann, Markus Bopp, 

Hansruedi Fitze, Marco Pedrozzi, Pierre A 

Schmelzbach, Peter Sigg (PSI, Villigen) 

The envisaged current upgrade from 2 to 3 mA of the 

PSI 590-MeV main cyclotron requires an increase of 

the global accelerating voltage of the 50-MHz cavities 

which leads to a nearly unacceptable RF requirement 

for the 150-MHz flattop cavity. In order to preserve the 

longitudinal acceptance and transmission of the 

machine while relaxing the high demands on the flattop 

system, it is conceivable to install a buncher in the 72- 

MeV injection line. To this end, normal-conducting 

150-MHz half-wave resonators and 500-MHz two-gap 

spoke resonators have been designed and optimised for 

minimum input power and peak surface fields. The 

dependence of the RF properties, like Q0, R/Q and 

peak fields, with beam apertures and gap voltages 

compatible with beam-dynamics requirements are presented. 



Transport 

87-915 - Mini-bunched and Micro-bunched Slow 

Extracted Beams from the AGS 

Kevin A. Brown, Joseph Glenn, Mike Sivertz, Nicholaos 

Tsoupas (BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York), Shane 

Rupert Koscielniak (TRIUMF, Vancouver) 

BNL's AGS has a long history of providing slow extracted 

proton beams to fixed target experiments. This program of 

providing high quality high intensity beams continues with 

two new experiments currently being designed for operation 

at the AGS; both of these new experiments require slow 

extracted beam, but with an added requirement of those 

beams experiments require slow extracted beam, but with an 

added requirement of those beams experiments and initial 

tests have been performed. In this report we will describe 

the beam requirements for the two experiments, and present 

results of detailed simulations and initial beam tests. 

Work performed under the auspices of the US Department 

of Energy 



Transport 

88-916 - Results of the First Run of the NASA Space 

Radiation Laboratory at BNL 

Kevin A. Brown, Leif Ahrens, Joseph Michael Brennan, 

Chris Gardner, David Gassner, Joseph Glenn, Y. Kotlyar, 

Ioannis Marneris, Adam Rusek, Nicholaos Tsoupas, K. Zeno 


The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) was 

constructed in collaboration with NASA for the purpose of 

performing radiation effect studies for the NASA space 

program. The results of commissioning of this new facility 

were reported in [*]. In this report we will describe the 

results of the first run. The NSRL makes use of heavy ions 

in the range of 0.05 to 3 GeV/n slow extracted from BNL's 

AGS Booster. Many modes of operation were explored 

during the first run, demonstrating all the capabilities 

designed into the system. Heavy ion intensities from 100 

particles per pulse up to $2\times10^9$ particles per pulse 

were delivered to a large variety of experiments, providing a 

dose range up to 70 G/min over a 5x5 $cm^2$ area. Results 

presented will include those related to the production of 

beams that are highly uniform in both the transverse and 

longitudinal planes of motion [**].

Work performed under the auspices of the US 


* K.A.Brown, et al, ``Commissioning Results of Slow 

Extraction of Heavy Ions from the AGS Booster``, 

Proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator 

Conference, Portland, OR, 2003 

** N.Tsoupas, et al, ``Commissioning of the Beam 

Transfer Line of the Booster 



Transport 

89-917 - Results of the NASA Space Radiation 

Laboratory Beam Studies Program at BNL 

Kevin A. Brown, Leif Ahrens, I-Hung Chiang, David 

Gassner, David Phillips, Adam Rusek, Nicholaos 

Tsoupas, K. Zeno (BNL, Upton, Long Island, New 

York) 

The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) was 

constructed in collaboration with NASA for the 

purpose of performing radiation effect studies for the 

NASA space program. The NSRL makes use of heavy 

ions in the range of 0.05 to 3 GeV/n slow extracted 

from BNL's AGS Booster. The purpose of the NSRL 

beam studies program is to develop a clear 

understanding of the beams delivered to the facility, to 

fully characterize those beams, and to develop new 

capabilities in the interest of understanding the 

radiation environment in space. In this report we will 

describe the first results from this program. 

Work performed under the auspices of the US 




Transport 

90-977 - Generation of a Femtosecond Electron 

Beam for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 

Jinfeng Yang (RCNP, Osaka), Yang Jinfeng (ISIR, ) 

A new S-band femtosecond electron linear accelerator 

was developed in Osaka University for the study of 

radiation-induced ultrafast physical and chemical 

reactions in femtosecond time regions. The 

femtosecond electron accelerator was constructed with 

a laser driven photocathode RF gun, a linear 

accelerator (linac) and a magnetic pulse compressor. 

The RF gun was driven by a mode-locked Nd:YLF 

picosecond laser. The electron beam produced by the 

RF gun was accelerated in the linac with energy 

modulattion by adjusted the RF phase. The magnetic 

pulse compression, which was constructed with two 

45o-bending magnets and four quadrupole magnets, is 

a technique to longitudinally focus a charged beam by 

rotating the phase space distribution in a magnetic 

field. The picosecond electron pulse, which was 

generated in the RF gun and accelerated in the linac 

with energy modulation, was compressed into 

femtosecond by adjusted the quadrupole magnetic 

fields. The femtosecond electron pulse is expected for the 

studies of ultrafast reactions in nano-space. 



Transport 

91-1053 - Review of ISOL-type Radioactive Beam 

Facilities 

Mats Lindroos (CERN, Geneva) 

The ISOL technique was invented in Copenhagen over 50 

years ago and eventually migrated to CERN where a 

suitable proton drive beam was available at the Syncho- 

Cyclotron. The quick spread of the technique from CERN to 

many other laboratories has resulted in a large user 

community, which has assured the continued development 

of the method, physics in the front-line of fundamental 

research and the application of the method to many applied 

sciences. The technique is today established as one of the 

main techniques for on-line isotope production of high 

intensity and high quality beams. The thick targets used 

allows the production of unmatched high intensity 

radioactive beams. The fact that the ions are produced at rest 

makes it ideally suitable for low energy experiments and for 

post acceleration using well established accelerator 

techniques. The many different versions of the technique 

will be discussed and the many facilities spread all over the 

world will be reviewed. The major developments at the 

existing facilities and the challenges encountered will be 

presented. Finally, the possibility of using the resulting high 

intensity beams for the production of intense neutrino beams 

will be briefly discussed. 

Type of presentation requested: This is an Invited Oral 

Presentation 


Transport 

92-1058 - Design of a Muon Source for the Muon 

Ionisation Cooling Experiment 

Kevin Tilley (CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon) 

The MICE collaboration proposes to install a Muon 

Ionisation Cooling Experiment at the ISIS facility, at 

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. This experiment will be 

the first demonstration of ionisation cooling as a means to 

reduce the large transverse emittance of the muon beam, 

produced during the early stages of a neutrino factory. In 

order to permit a realistic demonstration of cooling, a source 

of muons must be produced, possessing particular qualities, 

notably in emittance and momenta. This paper describes the 

present design for the muon beamline source, and the plans 

for its implementation at RAL. 



Transport

93-1107 - Beam Injection and First Orbit for 2, 4 

and 6 RF Harmonic Mode at the Central Region of 

DC-72 Cyclotron. 

Ivan Ivanenko, Georgy Gulbekyan (JINR, Dubna, 

Moscow Region) 

The DC-72 cyclotron is designed to accelerate ions 

with A/Z from 1(H-) to 7.167 (129Xe18+) up to a final 

energy of 72 MeV/A and 2.7MeV/A, respectively. To 

cover all cyclotron-working regimes, the RF system 

keeps up 2, 4 and 6 harmonic modes. The optimal 

design of cyclotron center for acceleration of the ion 

beams at 2, 4 and 6 RF harmonic modes are 

investigated. The computation of orbits is carried out 

by means of the computer code CENTR. 



Transport 

94-1134 - Beam Dynamics Studies for the Low 

Energy Section at MAFF 

Matteo Pasini (LMU, Garching), Alexander Bechtold, 

Alwin Schempp (IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main), Dietrich 

Habs, Oliver Kester (LMU, München) 

For the LINAC of the Munich accelerator for fission 

fragments (MAFF) a new scheme for the low energy 

section has been proposed in order to fulfill new 

experimental requirements, such as time spacing 

between bunches and low longitudinal emittance. The 

proposed solution consists in a combination of an 

external multi-harmonic buncher with a "traditional" 

RFQ with a shaper and an adiabatic bunching section 

included where the employment of the external 

buncher is upon request from the experiment. The 

matching section downstream the RFQ has been redesigned 

in order to allow room for the installation of a 

beam cleaning section and to a proper injection into the 

following DTL. Details about the optics and beam 

dynamics studies of the low energy section are 

presented in this paper. 

Work supported by the DFG 



Transport 

95-1174 - High Current Ion Beams at Frankfurt 

University 

Martin Droba, Oliver Meusel, Ulrich Ratzinger, Klaus 

Volk (IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main) 

A new building for the physics faculty at the Goethe- 

University in Frankfurt is under construction including 

an experimental hall. The Institute of Applied Physics 

IAP has started development of a high current ion 

beam facility consisting of a high voltage terminal(150 

kV,I_beam < 300 mA,H-,p,Bi+), a 10 MV linear rf 

accelerator and a high current storage ring for 150 keV 

beams. The 150 kV terminal equipment is already 

ordered while the subsequent units are in the design 

stage. The storage ring will use a stellarator-like 

magnetic configuration to allow for a high degree of 

space charge compensation by electrons. The facility will 

allow high current beam investigations as well as 

experiments in fields of plasma, nuclear and atomic physics. 



Transport 

96-1189 - A Comparison of High Current Ion Beam 

Matching from an Ion Source to a RFQ by Electrostatic 

and by Magnetic Lenses 

Reinard Becker, Robert Jameson (IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main), 

Toshiyuki Hattori, Masahiro Okamura (RIKEN, Saitama), 

Kazuo Yamamoto (RIKEN/RARF/BPEL, Saitama), N 

Hayashizaki, H Kashiwagi (RLNR, Tokyo) 

In order to improve the ?direct? injection scheme of the 

Riken Nd-YAK-laser driven ion source into a RFQ rfaccelerator, 

several basic methods have been investigated 

and compared, in order to transform the initially divergent 

ion beam into a convergent one, needed for matching the 

high current (100 mA C6+) ion beam at an energy of 100 

keV to a RFQ. From the point of power supplies and break 

down characteristics, the simplest solution is a decelerating 

electrostatic lens, with the decelerating electrode operated 

on ion source potential. Due to the strong divergence of the 

ions beam after acceleration, this lens will be filled to an 

aperture, which causes strong aberrations. Therefore, we 

also investigated to use an accelerating potential on the lens 

electrode. This reduces significantly the filling of the lens 

and the emittance growth is only a factor of 3, as compared 

to the decelerating lens with a factor of 30! Finally we have 

been looking also into a magnetic matching system, which 

can match the ion beam to the RFQ with virtually no 

emittance growth. 



Transport 

97-1206 - Improvement of a Field Gradient Corrector in 

Cyclotrons for Matching of Extracted Beams to a Beam 

Transport System 

Mitsuhiro Fukuda, Takashi Agematsu, Kazuo Arakawa, Ikuo 

Ishibori, Satoshi Kurashima, Nobumasa Miyawaki, 

Yoshiteru Nakamura, Takayuki Nara, Susumu Okumura, 

Kenichi Yoshida (JAERI/ARTC, Gunma-ken) 

We have developed a field gradient corrector, installed in 

the extraction region of a cyclotron, equipped with a pair of 

active coils to improve the matching of the extracted beam 

to a beam transfer line. Well-matched beam transport is 

required for production of a heavy-ion microbeam with a 

spot size of one micrometer in diameter by using a beam 

focusing system with a quadruplet of quadrupole lenses, in 

combination with a series of slits, which is being developed 

at the JAERI AVF cyclotron facility. Originally there was a 

discrepancy between the axis of the extracted beam and the 

beam transfer line, resulting from misalignment of magnets. 

Instead of installing more steering magnets on the beamline, 

due to insufficient space, the capability of beam bending has 

been given to a usual passive gradient corrector by mounting 

a pair of coils in the beam passing gap. The coils lower the

field in the beam passing region to act as a steerer. In 

order to keep sufficient beam-focusing force, the iron 

piece shape of the gradient corrector has been 

optimized to increase the field gradient in the gap, 

changing with excitation currents of the coils. 



Transport 

98-1303 - Progress in Ideal High-intensity 

Unbunched Beams in Alternating Gradient 

Focusing Systems 

Ronak Bhatt, Chiping Chen, Enrique Henestroza, Jing 

Zhou (MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts) 

A persistent challenge in high-intensity accelerator 

design is the optimization of matching conditions 

between a beam injector and a focusing system in order 

to minimize non-laminar flows, envelope oscillations, 

emittance growth, and halo production. It has been 

shown [*] that the fluid motion of a thin space-charge 

dominated beam propagating through a linear magnetic 

focusing channel consisting of any combination of 

uniform or periodic solenoidal fields and alternating 

gradient quadrupole fields can be solved by a general 

class of corkscrewing elliptic beam equilibria. The 

present work extends this discussion to asymmetric 

PPM focusing and derives conditions under which a 

uniform density elliptical beam can be matched to such 

a focusing channel by considering the fluid equilibrium 

in the paraxial limit. Methods of constructing such a 

beam are also discussed, with particular attention 

devoted to analytic electrode design for Pierce-type 

gun diodes of elliptical cross-section. Several 

applications are discussed, including heavy-ion fusion 

and a high-efficiency ribbon beam microwave 

amplifier for accelerator applications. 

This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S 

Department of Energy and the Air Force Office of 

Scientific Research 

* C. Chen, R. Pakter, R. Davidson, "Ideal Matching of 

Heavy Ion Beams," Nucl. Inst. And Methods, A 464 

(2001) p. 518-523 



Transport 

99-1335 - Upgrade of the Kiloampere Electron Gun 

with Secondary Emission 

Sergiy Cherenshchykov (NSC/KIPT, Kharkov) 

The Secondary Emission Magnetron Injection Gun 

(SEMIG) is a novel universal electron source with a 

cold cathode. It may be used for charge particle 

accelerators in injectors and power electron vacuum 

devices (RF and pulse).The SEMIG may have higher 

current density and lifetime much longer (up to 

100,000 hours) than conventional thermionic guns. 

High power SEMIG with voltage up 1000 kV and 

current nearly 1 kA was calculated designed and 

manufactured. The gun was tested microsecond 

operating modes. The cathode testing permitted to obtain 

beam pulse with amplitude up to 1.2 kA at voltage of 400 

kV in magnetic field of 0.3 T. There were obtained beam 

traces on the copper plate. Traces had the form of rings with 

diameter of 125 mm and width of 5 mm. The secondary 

emission nature of the beam current up to 1.2 kA was 

established. The identification was held basing on 

considered features of the exciting and on the maintenance 

of the secondary emission current. The large amount of 

criterion gives the high validity of the identification. 



Transport

Session 8: Low and Intermediate Energy Accelerators and ... - CERN

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