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114 SOKAL of the Colleges and Universities,” New-York Tribune, 28 April 1900, p. 4; Columbia University, Bulletin of Information, 1900–1901, pp. 68–73. 45. See Rosenthal, Nicholas Miraculous. 46. John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge, The Company, as excerpted in The Times (of London), 29 August 2003, p. 27. See also Thomas Mallon, “An Empty Robe,” review of Rosenthal, Nicholas Miraculous, inNew York Times Book Review, 22 January 2006, p. 15. 47. As an anonymous reviewer clarified events, Taft’s initial vice-presidential running mate died two weeks before the 1912 election and – even though Taft lost the election to Woodrow Wilson – Republican party leaders appointed Butler to complete the ticket so their “electors could have a full ticket to support.” 48. In private, Cattell apparently often referred to Butler as “an old mossback Republican.” See James Gutman Oral History Interview, Columbia University Oral History Research Office, New York. 49. William F. Buckley, Jr., Saving the Queen (paperback ed.; New York: Warner Books, 1976), pp. 216. 50. NMB to FJEW, 24 October 1905, JMC to NMB, 20 May 1905, 9 November 1905, NMB to JMC, 23 May 1905, JMC papers, LoC; FJEW to NMB, 3 November 1905, 8 December 1905, 11 December 1905, FJEW papers, CUA. 51. NMB to JMC, 27 November 1906, 27 February 1907, JMC to NMB, 13 February 1907, 26 February 1907, JMC, “Memorandum for Members of the Faculty of Columbia College,” 12 April 1907, JMC papers, CUA. 52. JMC to NMB, 6 January 1907, 13 January 1908, NMB to JMC, 7 January 1907, JMC papers, CUA; Thorndike to NMB, 18 February 1907, Thorndike papers, CUA. 53. JMC to NMB, 31 October 1905, JMC papers, LoC; JMC to NMB, 15 May 1909, NMB to JMC, 17 May 1909, JMC papers, CUA. 54. JMC to Low, 3 November 1900, Low to JMC, 23 November 1900, JMC papers, LoC; JMC to NMB, 8 January 1909, 4 January 1910, NMB to JMC, 5 January 1910, 10 January 1910; JMC, “Memorandum Concerning the Salaries of Assistant Professors, 26 January 1910, “Second Memorandum Concerning the Salaries of Assistant Professors,” 24 February 1910, JMC papers, CUA. 55. JMC to NMB, 10 February 1909, NMB to JMC, 27 February 1909, JMC papers, CUA. 56. JMC to NMB, 4 November 1905, 7 April 1906, 2 March 1907, NMB to JMC, 10 April 1906, 27 February 1907, JMC papers, CUA. 57. See Frederick P. Keppel, Columbia (New York: Oxford University Press, 1914), pp. 152–154. 58. For example, A. P. Wills to JMC, 31 January 1909, John Dewey to JMC, 25 February 1909, Richard Gottlieb to JMC, 8 March 1909, Harry Thurston Peck to NMB, undated [1909], Calvin Thomas to JMC, 27 January 1910, Samuel T. Dutton to JMC, 28 January 1910, Thorndike to JMC, 31 January 1910, JMC papers, LoC. 59. See Walter F. Miles Diary, 18 July 1951, Archives of the History of American Psychology, University of Akron, Akron, OH. 60. JMC to ERAS, 8 March 1917, JMC papers, CUA. Cf. C. P. Snow, The Affair (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1960), p. 122. 61. JMC to NMB, 2 February 1907, NMB to JMC, 4 March 1907, JMC papers, CUA. 62. NMB to JMC, 15 April 1907, JMC papers, CUA 63. JMC to NMB, 8 January 1909, JMC papers, CUA. 64. NMB to Low, 29 March 1909, Cattell papers, CUA. 65. JMC, “Memorandum Concerning Our Scientific Departments,” 25 May 1910, JMC papers, CUA.
ACADEMIC FREEDOM AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, 1902–1923 66. Olive Hougenboom, “Harry Thurston Peck,” ANB, vol. 17, pp. 226–227. See also Rosenthal, Nicholas Miraculous, pp. 198–210, 475–476. 67. Edward B. Coe to NMB, 22 June 1910, Peck papers, CUA; JMC to Peck, 2 July 1910, JMC papers, CUA. 68. JMC to Peck, 8 July 1910, 12 July 1910, 20 August 1910, JMC papers, LoC. 69. “Columbia Trustees Suspend Prof. Peck,” New York Times, 3 July 1910, pp. 1–2; “President Butler Autocratic, He Says,” New York Times, 4 July 1910, pp. 2; “Prof. Peck Attacks Fellow Teachers,” New York Times, 29 September 1910, p. 6; “Peck Tells of Plan to Oust Butler,” unidentified and undated clipping, JMC papers, LoC. 70. JMC to Boas, 4 July 1910, Boas papers. 71. JMC, “A Further Statistical Study of American Men of Science,” Science 32 (4 November 1910): 633–648, 32 (11 November 1910): 672–688. 72. David S. Webster, Academic Quality Rankings of American Colleges and Universities (Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1986), pp. 111–113, 178–179. 73. For example, Franklin H. Giddings to JMC, 23 November 1910, JMC papers, LoC. 74. For example, “Intellect and Service,” Evening Post, 14 November 1910, clipping in JMC papers, LoC; “Harvard Leads in Science,” New-York Tribune, 29 November 1910, p. 6. 75. “American Men of Science,” University of Chicago Magazine 3 (1910): 183–184; “Opinion and Comment,” Harvard Alumni Bulletin 13 (1910): 109–110; “Yale in ‘American Men of Science’,” 2 December 1910, unidentified clipping in JMC papers, LoC. 76. Robert F. Martin, “Joel Elias Spingarn,” ANB, vol. 20, pp. 476–478. See also Rosenthal, Nicholas Miraculous, pp. 210–217, 475. 77. Spingarn to JMC, 22 January 1911, 14 March 1911, 3 April 1911, 21 October 1911, 2 November 1911, JMC papers, LoC. 78. “Insurgent Spirit in Columbia Faculty,” New York Times, 14 March 1911, pp. 1, 3; “Faculty’s Insurrection,” New York Times, 16 March 1911, p. 8. 79. Pine to “Murray,” 14 March 1911, JMC papers, CUA. 80. JMC to Boas, 3 January 1912, Boas papers. 81. JMC to multiple recipients, 1 December 1911, JMC papers, LoC; “University Control,” Science 23 (23 March 1906): 475–477. 82. JMC, “University Control,” Science 35 (24 May 1912): 797–808; JMC, “University Control. II,” Science 35 (31 May 1912): 842–860. 83. JMC, “University Control,” Science 35 (24 May 1912): 804–808. 84. JMC, “University Control. II,” on p. 845. See also JMC, “Academic Slavery,” School and Society 6 (13 October 1917): 421–426; on p. 426. 85. “University Control. Letters from Harvard University,” Science 35 (7 June 1912): 893–903; “University Control. Letters from Yale University,” Science 35 (21 June 1912): 964–967; “University Control. Letters from the University of Pennsylvania, Science 36 (5 July 1912): 19–23; “University Control. Letters from the Johns Hopkins University,” Science 36 (5 July 1912): 23–28; “University Control. Letters from Cornell University,” Science 36 (9 August 1912): 174–178; “University Control. Letters from the University of Chicago,” Science 36 (9 August 1912): 178–186. 86. For example, Joseph Jastrow, “The Administrative Peril in Education,” pp. 315–348 [reprinted from PSM 81 (1912): 495–515]; George T. Ladd, “The Need for Administrative Changes in the American University, pp. 349–369 [reprinted from PSM 80 (1912): 313–325]. 87. JMC, University Control (New York: The Science Press, 1913). 88. For example, Dial 55 (1913): 414; “The Administration of Universities,” Independent 75 (1913): 577; “Academic Autocracy,” Nation 96 (1913): 471–473; “Czar- 115
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