James McKeen Cattell, Nicholas Murray Butler, and Academic ...

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118 SOKAL 134. ERAS, “Memorandum of What Occurred on Monday, March 5th” 1917, ERAS papers. 135. JMC, “In Defense of Academic Freedom,” unpublished draft statement, 13 May 1916, T. S. Fiske papers, CUA. 136. Morgan to JMC, 17 May 1916, Thorndike to JMC, 15 May 1916, G. P. Krapp to JMC, 13 May 1916, William A. Dunning to JMC, 15 May 1916, ERAS to JMC, 15 May 1916 (2 letters), Dewey to JMC, 17 May 1916, FJEW to JMC, 18 May 1916, Woodworth to JMC, 24 May 1916, JMC papers, LoC. 137. JMC, “Confidential Memorandum to Resident Members of the Faculty Club,” 10 January 1917, JMC papers, CUA. 138. “Asks for Home of President Butler,” New York Evening World, 3 March 1917; “Suggests Butler’s Home for Faculty Club at Columbia,” New-York Tribune,3May 1917; Pine collection. 139. ERAS, “Memorandum . . . in Reference to the Cattell Incident,” 3 March 1917, ERAS papers. See also “Proposal to Oust Butler from Home Stirs Campus,” New-York Tribune, 4 March 1917, Pine collection. 140. “Extract from Minutes of the Trustees,” 5 March 1917, JMC papers, CUA. 141. ERAS, “Memorandum of What Occurred on Monday, March 5th” 1917, ERAS papers; Rosenthal, Nicholas Miraculous, pp. 231–232. 142. “Minutes of the Trustees,” 5 March 1917; “Report of the [Trustees’] Special Committee . . . to Inquire into the State of Teaching in the University,” 1 October 1917. 143. Pine to W. Barclay Parsons, 7 March 1917, ERAS papers. 144. ERAS to A. A. Young, 12 March 1917, ERAS papers; Boas to ERAS, 9 March 1917, Boas papers; Herbert M. Richards to Daniel T. MacDougal, 28 April 1917, MacDougal papers, University of Arizona Archives, Tucson, AZ. 145. ERAS to JMC, 23 March 1917, ERAS papers; “Report of the Committee of Nine,” 9 October 1917. See Rosenthal, Nicholas Miraculous, pp. 232–233; Hofstadter and. Metzger, The Development of Academic Freedom, pp. 498–499. 146. FJEW to ERAS, 14 March 1917, ERAS papers. 147. FJEW to ERAS, 22 March 1917, ERAS papers. 148. JMC to ERAS, 8 March 1917, JMC papers, CUA. 149. FJEW to ERAS, 28 March 1917, ERAS papers. 150. Thomas R. Powell to JMC, 28 March 1917, ERAS papers; Dewey to JMC, 3 April 1917, 9 April 1917, JMC papers, LoC. 151. “Report of the Committee of Nine,” printed pamphlet, 9 October 1917. 152. Thorndike and Woodworth to ERAS, 7 May 1917, E. B. Wilson et al. to ERAS, 7 May 1917, Woodworth to ERAS, 18 May 1917, ERAS papers. 153. Minutes of . . . the Committee of Nine . . .,8May1917, ERAS papers. 154. Dewey to JMC, 9 May 1917, JMC papers, LoC. 155. JMC, “Memories of My Last Days at Columbia,” 1918, JMC papers, LoC. 156. Minutes of . . . the Committee of Nine,” 11 May 1917, ERAS papers; JMC to Committee of Nine, 11 May 1917, ERAS papers; JMC to ERAS, 16 June 1917, Pine collection; “Report of the Committee of Nine,” printed pamphlet, 9 October 1917. 157. Samuel Lambert to ERAS, 17 May 1917, ERAS papers. 158. ERAS to John Erskine, 5 June 1917, ERAS papers. 159. “Extract from Report of Special Committee of the Trustees,” 4 June 1917, JMC papers, CUA. 160. NMB, Commencement Day Address, 6 June 1917, in Annual Report of the President to the Trustees, Year ending 30 June 1918, CUA. See Gruber, “Academic Freedom at Columbia University,” pp. 301–302. 161. JMC to McKeen Cattell, 7 April 1917, Walter B. Cannon to JMC, 5 May 1917, JMC to Keppel, 6 October 1917, JMC papers, LoC; Cannon, Letters Home from France
ACADEMIC FREEDOM AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, 1902–1923 and England, 1917–18, unpublished volume (W. B. Cannon papers, Countway Library of Medicine, Boston), 13 May 1917, 13 September 1917. 162. See “Owen Cattell, New York Times, 28 March 1940, p. 23; Oakley Johnson, “In Memory of Owen Cattell,” Daily Worker, 22 April 1940; H. W. L. Dana to JMC, 13 June 1917, JMC papers, LoC. 163. “Draft Law Leads to Three Arrests Here,” Evening Post, 31 May 1917, “Hit Draft Plots in Many States; Arrest 3 College Students Here,” New York Times, 1 June 1917, pp. 1–2. Quotation from “Anti-Draft Case Goes to Jury Today,” New York Times 21 June 1917, p. 9. 164. Melvyn Dubofsky, “Morris Hillquit,” ANB, vol. 10, pp. 823–824; JMC, undated “Notes for Counsel,” JMC papers, LoC. 165. “Columbia Students Face Federal Jury,” New York Times, 19 June 1917, p. 2; “Anti-Draft Case Goes to Jury Today,” New York Times, 21 June 1917, p. 9; “Student Guilty of Fighting Draft,” New York Times, 22 June 1917, p. 1. 166. “Short Sentences for Two College Students,” Evening Post, 12 July 1917; “Columbia Pacifists Pay Fines of $500,” New York Times, 13 July 1917, p. 3. 167. “Nation-Wide Arrests on Charges of Treason in Antidraft Activity,” Washington Post, 1 June 1917, pp. 1–4; “Draft Plotters Jailed,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 1 June 1917, p. 1; “America Enrolls Today for the Fight,” New York Times, 5 June 1917, pp. 1–3; “Brave Roles Hastily Abandoned,” New York Times, 23 June 1917, p. 8. 168. ERAS to JMC, 5 June 1917, 11 June 1917 (telegram and letter), ERAS papers; Edwin B. Wilson to JMC, 8 June 1917, Wilson papers, Harvard University Archives, Cambridge, MA; ERAS to JMC, 11 June 1917, Edwin G. Conklin to JMC, 25 June 1917, David S. Jordan to JMC, 16 July 1917, Morgan to JMC, 17 July 1917, all JMC papers, LoC. 169. Pine to NMB, 21 June 1917, JMC papers, CUA. 170. “Dr. Butler’s Decision,” New York Times, 2 June 1917, p. 2. 171. Harold A. Content to Benjamin B. Lawrence, 28 June 1917, JMC papers, CUA. 172. JMC to ERAS, 13 June 1917, JMC to Dewey, 13 June 1917, JMC papers, CUA. At least two historians agree that Seligman lied to (or at least misled) Cattell. For “duplicitously,” see Gruber, “Academic Freedom at Columbia University,” p. 299; for “perfidy,” see Rosenthal, Nicholas Miraculous, p. 233. As noted, however, Cattell himself never shied away from circulating others’ letters. 173. ERAS to JMC, 14 June 1917, ERAS papers. 174. “Prof. Cattell Apologizes,” New York Times, 24 June 1917, p. 19. 175. JMC, Excerpts of letters from ERAS, May-June 1917; JMC to ERAS, 16 June 1917; ERAS to JMC, 18 June 1917, all Boas papers. See also Lord to ERAS, 30 June 1917, ERAS papers. 176. ERAS to Boas, 2 July 1917, Boas papers. 177. Boas to JMC, 23 June 1917, Boas papers, Boas to ERAS, 23 June 1917, 28 June 1917, 5 July 1911, ERAS papers. 178. See Gruber, “Academic Freedom at Columbia University,” pp. 299–300. 179. ERAS et al. “to the Sub-Committee of the Trustees,” 18 June 1917, JMC papers, CUA. 180. “Declaration of Principles on Academic Freedom and Academic Tenure,” AAUP Bulletin 1 (1915): 17–39; on p. 38. 181. JMC, “The Age of Conscripts,” Evening Post 18 August 1917, p. 4; reprinted Boston Evening Transcript, 1 September 1917. 182. For example, JMC to Julius Kahn, 23 August 1917, JMC papers, CUA. 183. Dale E. Zacher, The Scripps Newspapers Go to War, 1914–1918 (Urbana: 119
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