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Resumen.-<br />
Las Píldoras <strong>de</strong><br />
Emergencia en <strong>Chile</strong>.<br />
Un tema <strong>de</strong> Género y<br />
Salud Pública<br />
Dr. Ramiro Molina Cartes*<br />
Las píldoras anticonceptivas <strong>de</strong> emergencia (PAE) han sido usadas en <strong>Chile</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> los inicios <strong>de</strong> 1960.<br />
En 2001 se inician <strong>la</strong>s <strong>de</strong>mandas contra el Instituto <strong>de</strong> Salud Pública (ISP) por <strong>la</strong> aprobación <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s PAE<br />
con sólo Levonorgestrel, por consi<strong>de</strong>rar<strong>la</strong>s abortivas. No pudo salir una marca, el Postinal , pero sí se<br />
aprobó con receta médica retenida el Postinor II. El juicio continúa en <strong>la</strong> Corte Suprema. El Ministerio<br />
<strong>de</strong> Salud ha tenido <strong>de</strong>terminaciones contradictorias, con lo cual <strong>la</strong>s mujeres usuarias <strong>de</strong>l sistema público<br />
<strong>de</strong> salud están limitadas al uso <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s PAE sólo en casos <strong>de</strong> vio<strong>la</strong>ción. Aquel<strong>la</strong>s mujeres que pue<strong>de</strong>n<br />
comprar<strong>la</strong>s con una receta médica, <strong>la</strong>s usan en casos <strong>de</strong> un coito no protegido contra el embarazo. La<br />
información científica, con mucha participación <strong>de</strong> investigadores chilenos, no ha podido <strong>de</strong>mostrar que<br />
el levonorgestrel afecte al óvulo fecundado o a su imp<strong>la</strong>ntación en el endometrio. La anticoncepción <strong>de</strong><br />
emergencia se ha transformado en un <strong>de</strong>bate público como tema valórico , con <strong>de</strong>sinformación tanto<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> pob<strong>la</strong>ción, como <strong>de</strong> los profesionales <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Salud.<br />
Pa<strong>la</strong>bras C<strong>la</strong>ve: Anticoncepción <strong>de</strong> emergencia – Microaborto – Levonorgestrel<br />
Abstract.-<br />
Emergency contraceptive pills in <strong>Chile</strong>.<br />
A gen<strong>de</strong>r and public health issue.<br />
The Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP), has been used in <strong>Chile</strong> from the begining of the 60‘s. The legal<br />
<strong>de</strong>mand against the Public Health Institute started on 2001, because of the approval of the ECP with only<br />
Levonorgestrel, <strong>de</strong>fined by the p<strong>la</strong>intiff as abortive pills. One tra<strong>de</strong> mark called Postinal was forbid<strong>de</strong>n ,<br />
but another tra<strong>de</strong> mark called Postinor II can be obtained from any drugstore, with a medical prescription.<br />
The <strong>de</strong>mand is still at the Supreme Court of Justice. The Ministry of Health has had contradictory<br />
public <strong>de</strong>cisions. Women who are able to buy the ECP at the drugstore with a medical prescription can<br />
use this method in or<strong>de</strong>r to prevent an un<strong>de</strong>sired potential pregnancy, but women who are beneficiaries<br />
of the public health system, can obtain the ECP free, from the primary health outpatient clinics<br />
only in case of rape or vio<strong>la</strong>tion. Scientific research, with an important participation of <strong>Chile</strong>an scientists,<br />
has not proved that Levonorgestrel affects the fertilized ovum or its imp<strong>la</strong>ntation in the endometrium.<br />
Emergency contraception has aroused a strong public <strong>de</strong>bate around ethical consi<strong>de</strong>rations, with an<br />
important <strong>de</strong>gree of misinformation of the popu<strong>la</strong>tion and health professionals.<br />
Key Words: Emergency contraception – Microabortion – Levonorgestrel<br />
*Profesor titu<strong>la</strong>r <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Facultad <strong>de</strong> Medicina, Universidad <strong>de</strong> <strong>Chile</strong>.<br />
<br />
Cuad Méd Soc (<strong>Chile</strong>) 2005; 45: 31 - 36<br />
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