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INTRODUCTION JOSÉ CU R B E LO La República Oriental del Uruguay, commonly known as Uruguay, is a South American country of roughly 3.5 million inhabitants, nestled along the Uruguay River between the southern border of Brazil and the eastern border of Argentina. Almost half the country’s population lives in the capital, the port city of Montevideo, and the vast rural areas of the interior, primarily grasslands, are sparsely populated. Traditionally since the colonial period of the 18th century, the country’s participation in the world economy has been based on animal and agricultural exports. Before European incursions in the 17th century, the area was inhabited by Charrúas, Minuans, and other indigenous groups. Persecution and massacres led to the end of the Charrúas and Minuans as separate ethnic groups in Uruguay by the 1830s, yet they have many descendants among today’s population. Other indigenous roots of Uruguay come from the Guaraní, of whom many arrived in the 18th century, fleeing the destruction of the missions further north, during conflicts with the Portuguese and the Spanish. The mission Guaraní founded many of Uruguay’s important cities and towns in the interior, and brought a musical culture influenced by the Jesuits. Many people were brought in slavery from Africa to the region beginning in the 18th century, and Montevideo came to be a key port in the introduction of enslaved people to the region. Most of the Africans who came to Uruguay were from the sub-Saharan regions of Angola, Congo, Dahomey, and Mozambique. These groups brought musical cultures that became creolized as the years passed. From Spain, Uruguay received many groups, including Galicians, Basques, and Canary Islanders. In the 19th century and into the 20th, there was a massive influx into Uruguay of immigrants primarily from southern Europe, such as French Basques and Italians, as well as French, English, Russians, Germans, Swiss, and many other groups. Most of Uruguay’s population descends from these European immigrants, mainly Spaniards and Italians. The region north of the Río Negro, which bisects the country, has historically had strong social and economic links to Brazil. After the Portuguese, and subsequently the Brazilians, had 4 4 2 s s
Buenos Aires ARGENTINA PARAGUAY Río de La Plata U r u g u a y R i v e r Colonia Lavalleja SALTO RIVERA Tambores Tacuarembó Buricayupí PAYSANDÚ TACUAREMBÓ Río Negro URUGUAY San Gregorio de Polanco Montevideo 4 s BRAZIL A t l a n t i c O c e a n
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Page 3: 11. Chotis cuadrillero (The Quadril
Page 7 and 8: and the music brought by black peop
Page 9 and 10: Walter Roldán (right) and Dante Te
Page 11 and 12: would travel many kilometers on hor
Page 13 and 14: 7. El viejo (The Old Schottische) c
Page 15 and 16: This chotis was also in Otilio Rold
Page 17 and 18: 16. La roncadora (The Growling Polc
Page 19 and 20: NOTA S EN ESPAÑOL INTRODUCCIÓN JO
Page 21 and 22: Clockwise from top left: Bernardo S
Page 23 and 24: del puerto de Montevideo, en parte
Page 25 and 26: presentado en los Estados Unidos, C
Page 27 and 28: medio de orquestas y grabaciones. S
Page 29 and 30: instrumental. Benavidez, en colabor
Page 31 and 32: 10. La polquita de la tuna (polca)
Page 33 and 34: 15. Polca del 1904 (polca) Walter R
Page 35 and 36: Ricardo surge de la aplicación de
Page 37 and 38: Mendoza De Arce, Daniel. 1972. Soci
Page 39 and 40: About Smithsonian Folkways Smithson
Page 41 and 42: SFW CD 40561 LOS GAUCHOS DE ROLDÁN
Page 43: 4s LOS GAUCHOS DE ROLDÁN 4s BUTTON

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