The influence of English on modern Spanish 1 Lexical borrowings ...
The influence of English on modern Spanish 1 Lexical borrowings ...
The influence of English on modern Spanish 1 Lexical borrowings ...
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Structures and varieties <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>Spanish</strong><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>influence</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>English</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>modern</strong> <strong>Spanish</strong> 3<br />
Direct imitati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>English</str<strong>on</strong>g> produces unusual but possible sounds or combinati<strong>on</strong>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
sounds:<br />
beic<strong>on</strong>~bac<strong>on</strong> (preferred DRAE form is bacón) [béik<strong>on</strong>], clip [], film<br />
[]<br />
Direct imitati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>English</str<strong>on</strong>g> with accommodati<strong>on</strong> to ph<strong>on</strong>etic or ph<strong>on</strong>otactic system <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<strong>Spanish</strong>:<br />
hippy~hippie [], flash [flas], estándar [estándar], chófer [tófer]<br />
Direct imitati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>English</str<strong>on</strong>g> with creati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> new sounds:<br />
show [()], jet [()]<br />
<strong>Spanish</strong> pr<strong>on</strong>unciati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>English</str<strong>on</strong>g> spelling:<br />
3 Morphological impact<br />
3.1 Plurals<br />
iceberg [], espray []<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> direct borrowing <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> an <str<strong>on</strong>g>English</str<strong>on</strong>g> plural form for nouns ending in a c<strong>on</strong>s<strong>on</strong>ant is<br />
inc<strong>on</strong>sistent with the very general rule for pluralisati<strong>on</strong> in <strong>Spanish</strong>, according to which -es is<br />
added to c<strong>on</strong>s<strong>on</strong>antal stems.<br />
‘Older’ plurals: mítines, líderes<br />
‘Newer’ plurals: boicots, jeeps, suéters, pósters, films<br />
Variati<strong>on</strong>: cócteles~cóctels, clubs~clubes<br />
3.2 Productivity <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the -ing suffix?<br />
Borrowings: parking, mailing, training<br />
Apparent <strong>borrowings</strong>: footing ‘jogging’, lifting ‘facelift’, spinning ‘exercise bike<br />
workout’, rafting ‘white-water rafting’, ranking ‘league table’<br />
Suffixati<strong>on</strong> to <strong>Spanish</strong> stem: puenting ‘bungee-jumping’<br />
4 Syntactic impact<br />
4.1 Nouns as adjectives<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> majority pattern: the qualifying noun follows the qualified noun:<br />
canción protesta, fecha límite, ciudad dormitorio, fútbol sala, sector<br />
carreteras, tiempo récord<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> qualifying noun precedes the qualified noun (as in <str<strong>on</strong>g>English</str<strong>on</strong>g>):<br />
ciencia ficción, cine club<br />
Last printed 01/10/2004
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