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TABLE DES MATIÈRES R ~EMERCI EMENTS .......... .................. ......... ........................................................ ..... .. .... .. .. i RÉSUMÉ .... .... .... ......... ...... ............. ... ....... ...................................... .. ................................... iii ABSTRACT ...................................................................... .............. ......................... ...... .. ...... v LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS ........................................................ ..................... .. ....... ... vii TABLE DES MATIÈRES .................................................................................................. ix LISTE DES TABLEAUX .......... .. .................. .. ....... ..... ....................................................... xv LISTE DES FIGURES ................................. .. ......... ............ ......... .... ................................ xvi INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE .............................................................. ...... ..... ................ 1 CHAPITRE 1 : Synthèse bibliographique .......................................................................... 5 1.1 Mya arenaria mollusque bivalve .......................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Anatomie de Mya (lJ'enaria ..................................................................................... 6 1.1.2 Biologie et physiologie de la reproduction de Mya arenaria ..................... .......... 10 1.2 Contrôle de la reproduction chez les mollusques bivalves .............................. 14 1.2.1 Contrôle neuroendocrini en ........................................................................ .. ......... 14 1.2. 1.1 Système nerveux neuroendocrinien et cellules neurosécrétrices .......... .. ... ......... .. 14 1.2. 1.2 Les alnines biogènes ............................................................................................. 16 1.2.1.3 Implication des catécholamines dans le contrôle de la reproduction ... ................. 26
x 1.2.1.4 Implication de la sérotonine (5-HT) dans le contrôle de la reproduction ..... ...... .. 27 1.2.1.5 Synthèse de la sérotonine et récepteurs sérotoninergiqucs ... ... .. ..... .... ...... ........... .41 1.2.2 Contrôle stéroïdien ... ................. .. ..... ... ....... .. ........................................................ .44 1.2.2.1 La voie de biosynthèse des hormones stéroïdiennes ......... ........ .................. ....... ..44 1.2.2.2 Implication des hormones stéroïdiennes dans le contrôle de la reproduction .. ... .45 1.2.3 Rôle des prostaglandines dans la reproduction .............................. ..... .... .. ..... ...... .49 1.2.4 Régulation croisée .......... .... .... ... ... ... ... .................................................. ... ....... .... ... 52 C HAPIT RE 2 : Studies of the nervous system of Mya arenarÎa (Mollu sca: Bivalvia): Anatomical study and immunohistochemical localization of serotonin-Iike immunoreactive cells in cerebral, visceral and pedaI ganglia . ...... ................................. 54 2.1 Abstract. ........................................ ... .. ..... ............................................ .... ............. 55 2.2 Key ,,,ords ..... ...... ............. ... .... .. .... .. .... ....... ......... ........... ..... ....... .... .. ............. ....... 56 2.3 Introduction .................................................... ... ..... .. .................... ..... ....... ... .... .... 57 2.4 Materi al and methods .. .... ... ................. .... ........................ .. ................................. 60 2.4.1 Chemicals and reagents .................................................. .... ....................... .. ....... .. 60 2.4.2 Clan1 collection ................................. ................................. ........ ... ......... ..... ... .... ... 60 2.4.3 Anatomical description of the nervous system ............. ... ............. .. ...... ...... .......... 61 2.4.4 Light microscopy .............. .. ...... ..... ........ ... ............ .. .............................................. 61 2.4.4. 1 Paraffin embedding and sectioning ............................................................... .... .... 61 2.4.4.2 Serotonin (5-HT) immunohistochemistry ... ...... ........ .. ...... .......... ..... ....... ...... .... .. .. 62 2.4.4.3 Mount and photography .... .. ...................................................................... .... ........ 63
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC CONTRIBUTION
Page 3 and 4: Cette thèse est dédiée à mon p
Page 5 and 6: Il Je tiens à remercier le profess
Page 7 and 8: IV La sérotonine (5-hydroxytryptam
Page 9 and 10: VI Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine o
Page 11: VIII GPCR HPLC G Protein-Coupled Re
Page 15 and 16: XII CHAPITRE 4: Anatomical study of
Page 17 and 18: XIV CHAPITRE 6 : Discussion génér
Page 19 and 20: LISTE DES FIGURES CHAPITRE 1 Figure
Page 21 and 22: XVlll CHAPITRE 4 Figure 4.1: Schema
Page 23 and 24: 2 milieu, et donc, constituent d'ex
Page 25 and 26: 4 Dans le troisième chapitre (en a
Page 27 and 28: 6 mètres de profondeur. Il s' enfo
Page 29 and 30: 8 .làce 1)()Slériellre siphon exh
Page 31 and 32: 10 au niveau de l'oesophage, les ga
Page 33 and 34: Tableau 1.1 Classifi cation et desc
Page 35 and 36: 14 nutritives et les cellules de la
Page 37 and 38: 16 1.2.1.2 Les amines biogènes Les
Page 39 and 40: Tableau 1.2 Les catécholamines che
Page 41 and 42: Tableau 1.2 Les catécholamines che
Page 43 and 44: Tableau 1.3 La 5-HT chez les mollus
Page 45 and 46: Tableau 1.3 La 5-HT chez les mollus
Page 47 and 48: 26 1.2.1.3 Implication des catécho
Page 49 and 50: 28 Catapane (l977), la concentratio
Page 51 and 52: Tableau 1.4 Induction de la ponte c
Page 53 and 54: 32 Tableau 1.5 Induction de la GVBD
Page 55 and 56: 34 indépendamment du taux de calci
Page 57 and 58: Tableau 1.6 mollusques (suite). Car
Page 59 and 60: Tableau 1.6 mollusques (suite). Car
Page 61 and 62: 40 nommé 5-HTIYI11 a une forte hom
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42 mammifères (Pani & Crol!, 1998)
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44 1.2.2 Contrôle stéroïdien 1.2
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46 1980; Reis-Henriques et al. , 19
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48 qui indiquerait une implication
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50 Crassostrea gigas (Ono et al., 1
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52 1.2A Régulation croisée Étant
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CHAPITRE 2 : STUDIES OF THE NERVOUS
Page 77 and 78:
56 2.2 Key words Serotonin, 5-hydro
Page 79 and 80:
58 (SiniscaJchi et al., 2004) and T
Page 81 and 82:
60 2.4 Material and methods 2.4.1 C
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62 2.4.4.2 Serotonin (5-HT) immunoh
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64 p.r. Figure 2.1 Schematic diagra
Page 87 and 88:
66 II -..c;:~4.... 12 V 12J-::.::::
Page 89 and 90:
68 H Figure 2.3 Serotonin (5-HT) im
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70 Pecten maximus (Paulet et al. ,
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72 showed that, in Mya arenaria, se
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74 Croll, KP., Too, C.K.L., Pani, A
Page 97 and 98:
76 Lubet, P., Albertini, L. , Robbi
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78 Sweeney, D., 1968. The anatomica
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80 3.1 Abstract Serotonin (5-hydrox
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82 Crassostrea gigas (Osanai, 1985;
Page 105 and 106:
84 3.4.2 Clam collection Clams were
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86 microscope (Olympus BX41). Five
Page 109 and 110:
88 Figure 3.1 Suite -
Page 111 and 112:
90 Figure 3.2: Histology and immuno
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92 external epithelium. In the dige
Page 115 and 116:
94 1988; Krantic et al., 1991). Spa
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96 3.7 Acknowledgments This work wa
Page 119 and 120:
98 Gauthier-Clerc, S., Pellerin, l
Page 121 and 122:
100 Matthews, R., 1973. The life-cy
Page 123 and 124:
CHAPITRE 4 : ANATOMICAL STUDY OF TH
Page 125 and 126:
104 neuropil of the pedal ganglia,
Page 127 and 128:
106 species the general morphology
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108 other tissues or organs that ar
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110 4.4.4.2 Histological staining P
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112 Figure 4.1: Schematic diagram o
Page 135 and 136:
114 posterior retractor muscle exte
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116 Figure 4.2: Histology of gameto
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118 Figure 4.3: Histology of gameto
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120 Primary ovocytes are attached t
Page 143 and 144:
122 Figure 4.4: Actine and a-tubuli
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124 Figure 4.5 Suite ~
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
130 4.6 Discussion This study of th
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132 Mya arenaria, an endobenthic pe
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134 Storage cells are intragonadal
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136 During early gonadal developmen
Page 159 and 160:
138 gonad to connect the cerebral a
Page 161 and 162:
140 state while contracting. The mu
Page 163 and 164:
142 Coe, W.R., Turner, H.J., 1938.
Page 165 and 166:
144 Lango-Reynoso, F. , Chavez-Vill
Page 167 and 168:
146 Pipe, R.K., 1987a. Ultrastructu
Page 169 and 170:
148 Varaksin, A.A. , Varaksina, G.S
Page 171 and 172:
150 5.1 Abstract In marine bivalves
Page 173 and 174:
152 5.3 Introduction Steroidogenesi
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154 1989) and prostaglandins (Osada
Page 177 and 178:
156 prepared at 18°C using a Shand
Page 179 and 180:
158 homogeneity of variances were t
Page 181 and 182:
160 5.5.1.1 Variation in 1 7~-estra
Page 183 and 184:
162 3 a ab -:E Cl 'Qi ~ Qi 2 ~ '7 C
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164 In males, E2 levels in gonad va
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166 Previous studies have reported
Page 189 and 190:
Tableau 5.1 Concentrations of estra
Page 191 and 192:
170 nephridium epithelia, digestive
Page 193 and 194:
172 testosterone into estradiol cou
Page 195 and 196:
174 Clay ton, M.E., 1996. Lipoprote
Page 197 and 198:
176 Morcillo, Y. , Porte, c., 2000.
Page 199 and 200:
178 Siah, A., Pellerin, 1., Benosma
Page 201 and 202:
180 3- les variations du nIveau des
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182 6.2 Anatomie de la masse viscé
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184 en nodules, appelés glomérule
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186 présente étude, nous avons d
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188 considérer la 17~-oestradiol c
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190 Chez les bivalves, la 5-HT inte
Page 213 and 214:
192 Bandivdekar, A.H., Segal, SJ.,
Page 215 and 216:
194 Cou ch, E.F., Hagino, N. , Lee,
Page 217 and 218:
196 Fujii, K. , Takeda, N., 1988. P
Page 219 and 220:
198 Hirai, S., Kishimoto, T., Kadam
Page 221 and 222:
200 Leclerc, c., Guerrier, P., More
Page 223 and 224:
202 Malanga, C.J., Poli, K.A., 1979
Page 225 and 226:
204 Morcillo, Y, Porte, c., 2000. E
Page 227 and 228:
206 Osada, M., Tawarayama, H. , Mor
Page 229 and 230:
208 Ram, 1.L., Moore, D., Putchakay
Page 231 and 232:
210 Stanley-Samuelson, D.W., 1987.
Page 233 and 234:
212 Vélez, A., Alifa, E., Azuaje,
Page 235 and 236:
ANNEXES
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216 1 - Technique de congélation d
Page 239 and 240:
218 ** Les témoins négatifs perme
Page 241 and 242:
220 3 Inclusion des tissus dans la
Page 243 and 244:
222 Incubation dans une solution de
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