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Recherches méthodologiques pour la typologie de la végétation et ...

Recherches méthodologiques pour la typologie de la végétation et ...

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Tab.9 (suite)Source Site; type <strong>de</strong> végétation Eff. Ech. L x l R Strate Compart. Ab N SpCTFS (Condit & al. 1996) Pantropical; fdhh, fdh, fdhs 50ha 1000 x 500m ar+Ad d >= 1cm Ab 335000 817Newbery & al. 1992, 1996-1/2 Sabah (Ma<strong>la</strong>isie); fdhmono 4ha 2 ar+Ad c >= 10cm 8992 388Smith 1970-2/5 Puerto Rico; fdh 2800m² ar+Ad ar+AdVan An<strong>de</strong>l 2001-2/3 NW-Guyane; fdh 1000m² 10 x (10 x 10m) 2 ar d< 10cm, H >1,5m Ab 524-716 88-91Tchouto 2004-1/2 Campo (Cameroun); fdh, fdhh 1000m² 147 ar+Ad d >= 1cm Ab 58,6 > 100Svenning & al. 2004-1/2 BCI (Panama); fdhs 900m² 350 ar+Ad Woody spBehera & al. 2002-1/3 Eastern Hima<strong>la</strong>ya; fstsemp, <strong>et</strong>c. 400m² 20 x 20m 122 ar+Ad c > 15cm AbNewbery & al. 1992, 1996-2/2 Sabah (Ma<strong>la</strong>ysie); fdhmono 400m² ar c: 10-50cm 80Hallé & al. 1967 Bélinga (Gabon); SM 400m² 16 x (5 x 5m) 1 ar+Ad H >= 3m Ab 200Van Paasen 1991-2/4 Guinée Equatoriale; fdh 100m² 10 x 10m 68 ar d < 10cm, H > 3m AbVan Paasen 1991-3/4 Guinée Equatoriale; fdh 25m² 5 x 5m 68 ar d < 10cm, H < 3m AbBehera & al. 2002-2/3 Eastern Hima<strong>la</strong>ya; fstsemp, <strong>et</strong>c. 25m² 5 x 5m 122 ar c > 5cm AbPoulsen 1996-1/2 NW-Bornéo; fdh 1ha 1 H herb. terr. PPoulsen & Balsley 1991 Amazonie (Ecuador); fdh 1ha 1 H herb. terr. Ab 10960 96Tuomisto & Ruoko<strong>la</strong>inen 1994 fdh 3500m² 700 x 5m H Pterydo. + Me<strong>la</strong>sto. AbPoulsen & Pondry 1995 NW-Bornéo; fdm 2500m² 500 x 5m 9 H herb. terr. AbVan Gemer<strong>de</strong>n & al. 2003-2/2 Akuom II (SW-Cameroun); fdh 625m² 25 x 25m 65 r d< 10cm, H >50cm AbLejju 2004 SO-Uganda; fdm 500m² 25 x 20m r d < 2cmPoulsen 1996-2/2 NW-Bornéo; fdh 400m² 20 x 20m 3 H herb. terr. AbSmith 1970-3/5 Puerto Rico; fdh 400m² H épiphytes 17Kessler 2001 An<strong>de</strong>s, Bornéo; fdm 400m² variable 204 H certaines familles P 10-60Svenning & al. 2004-2/2 BCI (Panama); fdhs 200m² 350 H herb.Smith 1970-4/5 Puerto Rico; fdh 64m² H herb. + saprophytesCosta 2004 Amazonie centrale; fdh 40m² transect 22 H herb. terr. Ab 30-114 11.5Van An<strong>de</strong>l 2001-3/3 NW-Guyane; fdh 40m² 10 x (2 x 2m) 2 H d< 10cm, H< 1,5m Ab 268-536 55-68Webb & Peart 2000-2/2 Bornéo; fdh 36m² 9 x (2 x 2m) 28 r d< 1cm, H >5cm AbTchouto 2004-1/2 Campo (Cameroun); fdh, fdhh, SM 25m² 5 x 5m 147 H herb. + rSmith 1970-5/5 Puerto Rico; fdh 20m² r rBussmann 2003-5/5 Ecuador; fdm 20m² 5 x (2 x 2m) 14 r d< 10cm P -Van Paasen 1991-4/4 Guinée Equatoriale; fdh 4m² 2 x 2m 136 r d< 10cm, H< 1,5m AbBehera & al. 2002-3/3 Eastern Hima<strong>la</strong>ya; fstsemp, <strong>et</strong>c. 4m² 4 x (1 x 1m) 122 H herb. + r, <strong>et</strong>cGentry & Dodson 1987 Rio Palenque (W-Ecuador); fdh 1000m² 10 x (50 x 2m) 3 H+Ad compl<strong>et</strong> Ab 7210 365Germain & Evrard 1956 Yangambi (RDC); fdhmono 2500-1000m² 11 H+Ad compl<strong>et</strong> ADMosango & Lejoly 1990 RDC; fdhs 500-2500m² 8 H+Ad compl<strong>et</strong> AD - 95-134Masens-da-Musa 1997 RDC; fds 625m² 25 x 25m H+Ad compl<strong>et</strong> AD - 47-88Hall & Swaine 1976, 1981 Ghana; fdh 625m² 25 x 25m H+Ad compl<strong>et</strong> Ab, P - 190Grubb & al. 1964 Amazonie (Ecuador); fdh, fdm 465m² 200 x 25ft. H+Ad sub-compl<strong>et</strong> Ab, PBussmann 2003-1/5 Ecuador; SM 400m² variable H+Ad compl<strong>et</strong> AD - 188Bussmann 2003-2/5 Ecuador; MS, SA 225m² variable H+ar compl<strong>et</strong> AD - 70Reitsma 1988-3/3 Ekobakoba (Gabon); fdh 200m² 2 x (10 x 10m) 4 H+ar compl<strong>et</strong> AD - 201Bussmann 2003-3/5 Ecuador; Paramo 100m² variable H+ar compl<strong>et</strong> AD - 29Tchouto & al. 1999-2/2 Cameroun; fdh, fdhh, SM 100m² 4 x (5 x 5m) 23 H compl<strong>et</strong> ADI.4.1.7 ConclusionEn parcourant les principaux types d’inventaires botaniques réalisés en forêts tropicales, onremarque que l’essentiel <strong>de</strong>s inventaires se concentre sur une seule strate forestière: <strong>la</strong> stratesupérieure (<strong>pour</strong> les relevés <strong>de</strong> forestiers), <strong>la</strong> strate <strong>de</strong>s arbres dominés (dans <strong>la</strong> gran<strong>de</strong>majorité <strong>de</strong>s travaux) ou encore le sous-bois. Les relevés compl<strong>et</strong>s, c’est-à-dire sans sélection<strong>de</strong>s compartiments inclus, sont toujours à l’heure actuelle rares <strong>et</strong> parmi ceux-ci les approchesquantitatives restent rarissimes (Tab.9).Ce chapitre m<strong>et</strong> en évi<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>la</strong> nécessité <strong>de</strong> plus <strong>de</strong> travaux tels que ceux <strong>de</strong> GENTRY &DODSON (1987), compl<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> quantitatif, <strong>et</strong> ce d’autant plus en Afrique où nous n’avons pastrouvé trace d’un tel inventaire. Nous aurons l’occasion d’approfondir ces aspectsméthodologiques au chapitre II.2.B. SENTERRE (2005) Introduction - I.4 42

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