saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati

saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati 

kvleviTi departamenti 

analitikuri ganyofileba 

`samcxe-javaxeTis administraciul-teritoriuli 

danawileba~ 

uZvelesi werilobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT, istoriuli 

mesxeTis ukidures samxreT nawilSi Zv.w. II aTaswleulis miwuruls 

muSqbes igive mesxebs sakuTari samefo hqoniaT. Zv. w. VI sis 

I naxevarSi muSkTa samefos urartuelebma da amierkavkasiaSi 

SemoWrilma kimerielebma mouRes bolo. amis Semdeg mesxTa tomobrivma 

gaerTianebebma samxreTidan ufro CrdiloeTiT gadainacvles 

da Zv, w. VI s-Si ukve istoriuli mesxeTis teritoriaze 

mosaxleoben. 

Zv.w. III saukuneSi farnavazma Tavis Zalauflebas damor- 

Cilebuli erTiani saqarTvelo rva saerisTavod da erT saspaspetod 

dahyo. es teritoriuli da administraciuli dayofa mesxeTsac 

Seexo. igi sam teritoriul-administraciul erTeulad _ 

saerisTavod daiyo: wundis, oZraxesa da klarjeTis saerisTavod. 

wundis saerisTavo gadaWimuli iyo faravnidan vidre 

mtkvris satavemde da mis farglebSi moeqca javaxeTi, kola da 

artaani. oZraxes saerisTavos teritoria taSiskaridan iwyeboda 

da arsianis mTamde vrceldeboda. oZraxes saerisTavoSi Sedioda 

samcxe da aWara. rac Seexeba klarjeTis saerisTavos, igi arsianis 

mTidan samxreT-dasavleTiT vrceldeboda da Sav zRvamde 

aRwevda. 

droTa ganmavlobaSi am saerisTavoTa sazRvrebi xSirad 

icvleboda. magaliTad, javaxeTis didi saerisTavos arsebobis 

dros, misi sazRvrebi Tanamedrove javaxeTTan erTad kolas 

olqsa da Crdilisi tbis Semogarens moicavda. 

vaxtang gorgaslis periodSi wundisa da oZraxes erisTavTa 

Zalaufleba sakmaod SezRudulad gamoiyureboda, radganac maTi

administraciuli centrebi erTdroulad samefo rezidenciasac 

warmoadgendnen. 

arabebis Semosevis Sedegad ganadgurda cixe-qalaqebi artanuji, 

oZraxe da wunda. 

maTi gandevnis Semdeg qveyana ganaxlebis gzas daadga. IX 

saukunis dasawyisSi tao-klarjeTSi `qarTvelTa samefo~ 

Camoyalibda. daviT kurapalatis dros (Xs-s II naxevari), mis saz- 

RvrebSi iyo _ samcxe, javaxeTi, artaani, kola, klarjeTi, 

SavSeTi, tao, aWara, basiani, speri. 

adrefeodaluri epoqis miwurulidan oZrxes nacvlad TandaTan 

winaurdeba axalcixe, romelsac vaxuStis mixedviT lomsiana 

unda rqmeoda. `matiane qarTlisais~ erTi cnobis mixedviT, 

IXs. tao-klarjeTis mflobels guaram mamfals axalcixeSi didi 

citadeli, axali cixesimagre augia, romlis Semdeg es qalaqi 

samcxisa da javaxeTis administraciuli centri gaxda. 

saqarTvelos Zlierebis xanaSi samcxe-javaxeTi saqarTvelos 

samxreTi forposti iyo. monRolTa batonobis dros ìnju i xassad~ 

Sewyalebuli feodalis samflobeloSi `divnis~ moxeleni, 

xarkis amkrefni ver Sediodnen. aqedan gamomdinare aseT xass mamulebs 

didi SeRavaTebi eZleodaT da maRali ekonomikuri mdgomareobaiyo. 

xasi feodali, romelic ekonomikurad romelime mon- 

Roli yaenis Tu ufliswulis sakuTrebas Seadgenda, bunebrivia 

politikuradac farTo damoukideblobiT sargeblobda. mefe 

siuzerens CamoCorebuli erTerTi aseTi moxele-feodali iyo 

sargis jayeli meWurWleTuxucesi, samcxis mTavari da spasalari. 

1266 wlidan misi samTavro xasinjud iqca da TviTon uSualod 

deqvemdebara yaenis mmarTvelobas. samTavros sazRvrebSi er- 

Tiandeboda saqarTvelo taSiskaridan karnu-qalaqamde (karinamde): 

samcxe, aWara, SavSeTi, klarjeTi, tao, kola, artaani, 

javaxeTis nawili. 

giorgi brwyinvelem SemoierTa samcxe-saaTabago. 

XV s-is II naxevarSi samcxis samTavro srulad damoukidebelia. 

amieridan jayelebis am samflobelos `samcxe-saaTabago~, 

xolo jayelebs aTabagebi ewodebaT, zogjer `mefeebic~ ki. 

1578 wels Turqebma mTeli mesxeTi daipyres da dapyrobil 

teritoriaze axalcixis safaSo Seqmnes, 1595 wels dapyrobili 

mxare aRweres da gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTari 

Seadgines. 1625 wels samcxe-saaTabagom, rogorc politikurma 

erTeulma, arseboba Sewyvita. 

`gurjistanis vilaieTis~ administraciuli danawileba 

Semdegnairi iyo: vilaieTi danawilda ZiriTad samxedroadministraciul 

erTeulebad _ livebad (sanjayi), livebi _

nahiebad (raioni) da yadiluqebad, nahiebi ki _ kariebad 

(sofeli) da dasaxlebul punqtebad. sul `davTris~ mixedviT 

samcxe-saaTabago 1160 sofels moicavda [m.svaniZe, samcxesaaTabagos 

administraciuli dayofa da socialur-ekonomiuri 

mdgomareoba `gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTris mixedviT,~ 

Tsu Sromebi, t.121, Tb., 1967; gv.295]. 

`gurjistanis vilaieTis~ saTaveSi idga beglar-begi 

(mir-mirani) da provinciis mTavargamgebloba mis xelT 

imyofeboda. beglarbegs sulTani niSnavda da igi uSualod 

mas emorCileboda. beglarbegi ganagebda samoqalaqo, samxedro 

da, nawilobriv, samarTlis saqmeebs. vilaieTis SemadgenlobaSi 

Semavali sanjay-begebi vilaieTis beglarbegs 

emorCilebodnen. Cildiris beglarbegis rezidencia axalcixeSi 

mdebareobda. (saWiroa vicodeT, rom `gurjistanis 

vilaieTi~ da `Cildiris vilaieTi (eialeTi)~ erTi da igive 

administraciuli erTeulia. magram, radganac misi administraciuli 

centri axalcixe iyo, mas axalcixis safaSosac 

uwodebdnen). sanjay-begi marTavda sanjayis samoqalaqo da 

samxedro saqmeebs [Cildiris eialeTis jaba davTari. 1694-1723ww. 

Turquli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT gamosacemad moamzada 

c.abulaZem, gamokvleva daurTo m. svaniZem, Tb., 1979. gv. 79.; 

m.svaniZe, samcxe-saaTabagos administraciuli dayofa da socialur-ekonomiuri 

mdgomareoba `gurjistanis vilaieTis didi 

davTris mixedviT,~ Tsu Sromebi, t.121, Tb., 1967; gv. 295]. 

vilaieTis saqmeebis gansaxilvelad beglarbegis TavmjdomareobiT 

divani ikribeboda. religiisa da samarTlis 

saqmeebs vilaieTis centrSi mjdomi yadi ganagebda. igi 

marTmsajulebas SariaTis mixedviT awarmoebda. sapolicio 

samsaxuri subaSebs evalebodaT [m.svaniZe, samcxe-saaTabagos 

administraciuli dayofa da socilalur-ekonomiuri mdgomareoba 

`gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTris mixedviT,~ Tsu Sromebi, 

t.121, Tb., 1967;; 295]. 

rogorc ukve iTqva, sanjayebi nahiebad da yadiluqebad 

iyofoda. sadac mosaxleobis umravlesobas qristianebi 

Seadgendnen _ iq nahie iyo, xolo sadac muslimebi sWarbobdnen 

_ yadiluqi. nahie Tavis sagamgebloSi ramdenime 

sofels aerTianebda [Cildiris eialeTis jaba davTari. 1694- 

1723ww. Turquli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT gamosacemad 

moamzada c.abulaZem, gamokvleva daurTo m. svaniZem, Tb., 1979.; 79]. 

`gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTris~ mixedviT Cildiris 

(axalcixis) safaSo Semdeg livebad da nahiebad iyofoda:

I. axalcixis liva: 1. mzvares, 2. Crdilis, 3. udis, 4. qvablianis, 5. 

awyuris, 6. alTunkalas, 7. ocxes, 8. aspinZis, 9. WaWaraqis nahieebi. 

II. xerTvisis liva: 1. xerTvisis, 2. tye-javaxeTis, 3. buzmareTis 

nahieebi. 

III. axalqalaqis liva: 1. akSehiris, 2. Tmogvis, 3. nialisyuris nahieebi. 

IV. Crdilis liva: 1.janbazis, 2. qanarbelis, 3. mgelcixis nahieebi. 

V. focxovis liva: 1. mzvares, 2. Crdilis nahieebi. 

VI. petres liva: 1. petres, 2. qaSveTis nahieebi. 

VII. didi artaanis liva: 1. mzvares, 2. Crdilis, 3. tye nahieebi. 

VIII. fanakis liva: 1. fanakis, 2. qamxisis, 3. fanaskertis nahieebi 

(ix. _ `gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTari,~ III naw.). 

1694-1732 wlebSi Sedgenili jaba-davTris mixedviT Cildiris 

(gurjistanis) eialeTi Semdeg livebad da nahieebad iyofoda: 

I. axalcixis liva: 1. axalcixis, 2. awyuris, 3. udes, 4. mzvares, 5. 

Crdilis, 6. qvablianis nahieebi. 

II. axalqalaqis liva: 1. akSehiris, 2. nialisyuris, 3. Tmogvis, 4. 

zvares nahieebi. 

III. Crdilis liva: 1. janbazis, 2. mgelcixis, 3. qanarbelis nahieebi. 

IV. focxovis liva: 1. focxovis, 2. mzvares, 3. Crdilis nahieebi. 

V. xerTvisis liva: 1. xerTvisis, 2. buzmareTis, 3. tye-javaxeTis, 4. 

Crdilis nahieebi. 

VI. artanujis liva: 1. artanujis, 2. iSxanis, 3. taoskaris, 4. xumsis 

nahieebi. 

VII. olTisis liva: 1. bardusis, 2. anZavis, 3. Crdilis, 4. misrasoris 

nahieebi. 

VIII. didi artaanis liva: 1. mzvares, 2. Crdilis, 3. tyes nahieebi. 

IX. patara artaanis liva: 1. xorjevani, 2. mzvare, 3. Crdilis 

nahiebi. X. fanakis liva: 1. fanakis, 2. fanaskertis, 

3. qamxisis nahieebi. 

XI. mamirvanis liva: 1. mamirvanis, 2. axas nahieebi. 

XII. WaWaraqis liva. 

XIII. aspinZis liva. 

XIV. alTunkalas (oqroscixes) liva. 

XV. ocxes liva. 

XVI. zemo aWaris liva. 

XVII. qvemo aWaris liva. 

XVIII. livanis liva. 

XIX. SavSeTis liva. 

XX. nisfi livanas liva. 

XXI. ferTeqreqis liva.

XVIII s-is pirveli naxevris osmaluri wyaroebis cnobebiT 

(aini ali, koCibei gorijeli, ali CauSi, evlia Celebi) Cildiris 

eialeTi 13 sanjayisagan Sedgeboda: 1) olTisi, 2) xerTvisi, 3) 

artanuji, 4) didi artaani, 5) WaWaraqi, 6) focxovi, 7) maWaxeli, 8) 

aWara, 9) fanaki, 10) ferTeqreqi, 11) livana, 12) nisfi livana, 13) 

SavSeTi. 

rogorc vxedavT, Cildiris eialeTis sanjayTa raodenoba 

TandaTan gaizarda, es ki gamowveuli iyo ara Cildiris eialeTis 

teritoriuli zrdiT, aramed arsebuli sanjayebis danawilebiT. 

am mxriv yvelaze meti cvlilebebi axalcixis livam ganicada. 

ase, magaliTad _ ,,gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTris" mixedviT, 

axalcixis livaSi Semavali WaWaraqi, aspinZa, alTunkala da 

ocxe nahieebia, ,,jaba davTris" monacemebiT isini cal-calke 

livebadaa gamoyofili. yuradRebas imsaxurebs is faqti, rom 

XVIII saukunis I naxevris Turqul wyaroebSi araa axalqalaqisa 

da Crdilis livebi, maSin, rodesac ,,gurjistanis davTarsa" da 

,,jaba davTris" mixedviT, isini damoukidebel livebad ixseniebian. 

XVII s-is I naxevris monacemebiT, aWara erTi sanjayi iyo, 

,,jabas" mixedviT ki or livad iyofa. ,,jaba davTarSi" araa damowmebuli 

petres liva. es imiT aixsneba, rom 1639 wlis zaviT es 

mxare (amJamindeli borjomis xeoba) osmaleTs Camoscilda da 

kvlav qarTlis samefos SemadgenlobaSi Sevida. [Cildiris 

eialeTis jaba davTari. 1694-1723ww. Turquli teqsti qarTuli 

TargmaniT gamosacemad moamzada c.abulaZem, gamokvleva daurTo 

m. svaniZem, Tb., 1979.; 81]. 

gamahmadianebuli qarTveli begebisaTvis boZebuli iurTlukisa 

da ojaklikis sanjayebi kerZo mflobelobaSi iyo boZebuli, 

ar iyo aRwerili da davTarSi gatarebuli. swored amiT aixsneba 

is faqti, rom oTxi sanjayi _ ferTeqreqi, livana, nisfi livana 

da SavSeTi ar aris Setanili ,,gurjistanis vilaieTis did dav- 

TarSi", miuxedavad imisa, rom isini axalcixis safaSos SemadgenlobaSi 

imyofebodnen [Cildiris eialeTis jaba davTari. 

1694-1723ww. Turquli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT gamosacemad 

moamzada c.abulaZem, gamokvleva daurTo m. svaniZem, Tb., 1979.; 85]. 

ruseT-TurqeTis 1828-1829 ww. omis win axalcixis safaSo 24 

sanjayad iyofoda: 1. axalcixe, 2. awyuri, 3. ocxe anu abasTumani, 

4. qvabliani, 5. zemo aWara, 6. qvemo aWara, 7. livana, 8. qiskimi, 9. 

narimani, 10. olTisi, 11. fanaki, 12. kola, 13. Crdili, 14. axalqalaqi, 

15. xerTvisi, 16. aspinZa, 17. WaWaraqi, 18. focxovi, 19. 

maWaxeli, 20. taos-kari, 21. imerxevi, 22. SavSeTi, 23. artanuji, 24. 

artaani [z. cincaZe, Woroxis auzis teritoriuladministraciuli 

dayofa XIX saukunesa sa XX saukunis dasawy-

isSi, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos Zeglebi, IX, Tb., 1980. gv. 

291-292]. 

1828-1829 ww. osmaleTis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli omis Sedegad 

ruseTma samcxe-saaTabagos (axalcixis safaSos) CrdiloaRmosavleTi 

nawili SemoierTa, romelic ZiriTadad mtkvris 

zemo welis da mis Semdinare wylebis auzs moicavda [z. cincaZe, 

Woroxis auzis teritoriul-administraciuli dayofa XIX saukunesa 

sa XX saukunis dasawyisSi, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos 

Zeglebi, IX, Tb., 1980; 292]. 

saqarTvelos daubrunda Svidi sanjayi mTlianad: 1. axalcixis, 

2. qvablianis, 3. abasTumnis (ocxe), 4. aspinZis, 5. awyuris, 

6. xerTvisis, 7. WaWaraqis, xolo sami sanjayi – Crdilis, 

focxovis da axalqalaqis, nawilobriv. focxovis sanjayis didi 

nawili _ dasavleTi focxovi (mzvares nahie) da mniSvnelovani 

nawili aRmosavleTi focxovisa (Crdilis nahie) darCa osmaleTs, 

ruseTs mxolod Crdilis raionis Crdilo-aRmosavleTi mxare 

ergo Semdegi soflebiT: Warali, yudra, wyalTbila, jayi da 

jayismani, aseve or nawilad gaiyo Crdilis (Cildiri) sanjayic. 

am sanjayis ZiriTadi nawili _ mgelcixisa da mzvares raionebi 

(nahiebi), darCa TurqeTis farglebSi, Crdilis sanjayis CrdiloaRmosavleTi 

mxare ki, qanerbilis raioni (nahie), daubrunda 

saqarTvelos Semdegi soflebiTurT: xozapini, karwaxi, sulda, 

mrakvali, xaveTi, erinja, oloRa, dadeSi, dlivi. axalqalaqis 

sanjayis udidesi nawili akSehiris raioni, Tmogvis raioni da 

nialisyuris raionis (nahies) mniSvnelovani nawili. osmaleTs 

mxolod nialisyuris raionis (nahies) umniSvnelo nawili darCa, 

romelSic Sedioda soflebi: zaqi, kotasi, anfuri, petrisi, 

ColeTi, mgelcixe, Camardo, TaTaleTi. SemoerTebul teritorias 

axalcixis provincia ewoda [z. cincaZe, Woroxis auzis teritoriul-administraciuli 

dayofa XIX saukunesa sa XX saukunis 

dasawyisSi, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos Zeglebi, IX, Tb., 1980; 

294]. 

axalcixis aRebisTanave general-feldmarSalma paskeviCma 

1828 wlis 16 agvistos mimarTa ra mcxovreblebs, rom amieridan 

ruseTis armia daicavda maT keTildReobas, adaTsa da pirad sakuTrebas, 

Seqmna axalcixis safaSos dapyrobili mxarisaTvis axali 

saolqo droebiTi mmarTveloba, romlis ufrosad dainiSna 

generali Tavadi vasil bebuTovi [S. lomsaZe, samcxe-javaxeTi 

(XVIIIs-is Sua wlebidan XIXs-is Sua wlebamde), Tb., 1975. gv. 202]. 

axalcixis droebiTi mmarTveloba Sedgeboda Semdegi ganyofilebebisagan: 

aRmasrulebeli, saerTo-safinanso da samosamarTlo 

(cal-calke samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlis

dargebSi). adgilebze aRmasrulebel organoebs warmoadgendnen 

sanjaybegebi da sakomendantoebi TavianTi aparatiT. rac Seexeba 

qalaq axalcixes, iq Seiqmna saqalaqo policia saerTo 

dadgenilebis safuZvelze, romelTanac aseve Camoyalibda gadmosaxlebulTa 

komiteti, safaSos ufrosis xelmZRvanelobiT. 

axalcixis mxridan winaswari zogadi monacemebis gacnobis 

Semdeg, saqarTvelos mTavarmmarTebelma baronma rozenma gadawyvita 

moexdina cvlilebebi axalcixis safaSos mmarTvelobis 

struqturaSi da 1833 wels axalcixis droebiT mmarTvelobas 

daavala 1834 wlis oqtombramde warmoedgina safaSos mmarTvelobis 

gadaxalisebis proeqti. am droisaTvis rozens ukve xelT 

hqonda saqarTvelos samoqalaqo gubernatoris falavandovis 

mier axalcixis mxareSi Sekrebili masalebi, ris safuZvelzec 

droebiT mmarTvelobas avalebda, rom proeqtis Sedgenisas gaTvaliswinebuli 

yofiliyo sanjayebad danawevrebuli mxaris 

gamsxvileba or olqad da or qalaqad. eseni iqnebodnen axalcixis 

da axalqalaqis olqebi. axalcixis olqSi Sevidoda: 

focxovis, awyuris, qvablianis, WaWaraqis, abasTumnis, aspinZis da 

axalcixis sanjayebi. xolo axalqalaqis olqSi _ axalqalaqis, 

xerTvisis da Cildiris sanjayebi. amgvari dayofiT axalcixis da 

axalqalaqis olqebi TavianTi sivrciTa da mosaxleobiT TiTqmis 

toli iqneboda. 1834 wlis 30 seqtembers droebiTi mmarTvelobis 

ufrosma oranskim rozens warudgina safaSos gardaqmnis proeqtis 

ori varianti. safaSos ufrosi urCevda mTavarmmarTebels, 

rom ori olqis nacvlad Seqmniliyo ori mazra: axalcixisa da 

axalqalaqisa, da Caricxuliyo igi Cveulebrivi wesiT saqarTvelos 

guberniaSi. baron ganis mier Catarebuli reviziiT wamoyenebul 

iqna winadadeba, romlis ZaliTac sanjaybegebi unda 

SeecvalaT komendantebiT da yofili sanjaybegebisaTvis daeniSnaT 

pensiebi; magram 1840 wlis 10 aprilis dadgenilebis safuZvelze, 

administraciuli cvlilebebis Sedegad saerTod gauqmda 

axalcixis safaSos droebiTi mmarTveloba da mis nacvlad 

Seiqmna axalcixis erTi mazra, romelic saqarTvelo-imereTis 

guberniaSi Sevida. axlad Seqmnili mazra dayves sam ubnad: axalqalaqis, 

xerTvisis da abasTumnis ubnebad [S. lomsaZe, samcxejavaxeTi 

(XVIIIs-is Sua wlebidan XIXs-is Sua wlebamde), Tb., 1975; 

209]. 

1846 wlis axali administraciuli gadanawilebis dros, 

rodesac amierkavkasiaSi Seiqmna 4 gubernia, erzerumidan 

Camosaxlebuli kolonistebisa da zogierTi didvaWarmarkitantebis 

gavleniT, mTavrobam axalcixis mazras Camoacila 

axalqalaqis ubani da es erTi administraciuli erTeuli orad

gayo. orad gayofili provinciis erTi didi nawili, axalcixis 

mazris saxeliT, Sevida quTaisis guberniaSi, xolo meore nawili 

_ axalqalaqis ubani _ Tbilisis guberniaSi, magram ara rogorc 

damoukidebeli axalqalaqis mazra, aramed, rogorc aleqsandropolis 

mazris erTi ubani. ase xelovnurad da dausabuTeblad 

moiwadines viTomc eTnikurad somxuri mazris Seqmna saqarTvelos 

istoriul miwa-wyalze. aRsaniSnavi is iyo, rom aseTi 

SeerTebis sababs ar iZleoda arc am ori raionis ekonomikuri 

kavSiri, arc maTi meurneobis xasiaTi da daniSnuleba. 

mTavroba male mixvda, rom am ugunuri nabijiT mTeli 

mxaris istoriulad Camoyalibebul sameurneo urTierTobas didi 

ziani miayena da male, axali administraciuli gadanawilebis 

dros, es Secdoma gamoaswora. 1849 wels aleqsandropolis mazra 

SeuerTes axlad Seqmnil erevnis gubernias, axalqalaqis ubani ki 

daubrunda axalcixis mazras [Шахатунян А, Административный передель 

Закавказского краяб Тфл., 1918, ст. 89]. 

amrigad, SemoerTebuli mesxeTi moicavda axalcixisa da axalqalaqis 

mazrebs da artaanis da olTisis okrugebs. mTlianad 

teritoria udrida 14,006 kvadratul kilometrs [Кавказский календарь, 

ст. 88;]. 

1867w. 31 dekembers gamoqveynda mefisnacvlis brZaneba 

kavkasiis mTavar sammarTvelos, sagubernio da samazro sammarTveloebisadmi. 

igi acnobebda morCil moxeleebs, rom imperatorma 

daamtkica mxaris marTva-gamgeobis reorganizaciis kanondebuleba 

da imave imperatoris survilia axali kanoni moqmedebaSi Sevides 

1868 wlis 1 ianvridan [scssa, f.13, anaw.10, saq.737, furc.1-4;]. 

1868 wlis 10 Tebervals ZalaSi Sevida mefisnacvlis instruqcia 

sagubernio da samazro sammarTveloebis Sinagani 

mowyobisa da policiis organizaciis Sesaxeb. garkveuli cvlilebebi 

xdeboda mazrebis administraciul dayofaSi. 1867 wels 

mefisnacvali imperators swerda, rom axali sasamarTlo wesdebis 

SemoRebisa da policiis sasamarTlo funqciebisagan gan- 

Tavisuflebis Semdeg, agreTve imis gamo, rom Camoyalibda soflis 

sazogadoebrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi, saubno sammarTveloebis 

uwyebaSi myofi saqmeebi Zalian Semcirda da amdenad 

mazrebis sapolicio ubnebad dayofa zedmeti xdeba. sakmarisia 

viqonioT sapolicio xelisuflebis ori instancia _ sagubernio 

da samazro. magram aseTi Sekveca-gamartiveba SeiZleba 

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mazrebis teritoriebi ar iqneba 

Zalian vrceli [scssa, f.13, anaw.10, saq.737, furc.1-4;]. mefisnacvlis 

es winadadeba dakmayofilda da amis Sedegad Seiqmna axalqalaqis 

mazra da Tbilisis guberniaSi Sevida. dawesda mazris

ufrosis TanaSemwis Tanamdeboba. am postze daniSnuli piri 

sxvadasxva davalebiT igzavneboda adgilebze, asrulebda moZravi 

sapolicio organos xelmZRvanelis rols. mazrebis sapolicio 

ubnebad dayofa gauqmda. 

amierkavkasiaSi mazris ufrosebs igive ufleba-movaleoba 

ekisreboda, rac centralur ruseTSi, magram imis gamo, rom am 

mxareSi erobebi jer ar iyo SemoRebuli, aqaur mazris ufrosebs 

daekisraT saerobo saqmis warmoeba da saTanado angariSebis 

Sedgena mosaxleobis mier fuladi saerobo gamosaRebis Setanisa 

da naturaluri valdebulebis moxdis Taobaze. mazris ufrosebi 

saqmeTa aRsrulebis dros iyenebdnen policiis moxeleebs da sasoflo 

mmarTvelobis Tanamdebobis pirebs. 

magram 1867 wlis administraciuli reformis gatarebis 

praqtikam cxadyo, rom sapolicio ubnebisa da msajulTa institutis 

gauqmeba, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mazris ufrosTa 

xelSi koncentrireba ar iyo swori. gubernatorebis azriT, 

samazro qalaqSi mTeli sapolicio Zalebis Tavmoyra, saubno 

msajulebis Secvla mazris ufrosTa TanaSemweebiT, mxolod im 

SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofda sapolicio zedamxedvelobis sa- 

Tanado dones, Tu mazris teritoria da mosaxleoba ar iqneboda 

didi da soflis sammarTveloebi qmediT daxmarebas gauwevdnen 

sapolicio xelisuflebas. 

am sakiTxis ganxilvisas wamoyenebul iqna winadadeba mazrebis 

sapolicio ubnebad dayofis aRdgenis Sesaxeb, magram es winadadeba 

ver gavida. 

axali mmarTvelobiTi cvlileba moxda saqarTveloSi 1881 

wlis 22 noembers aleqsandre III-is brZanebiT, romlis ZaliTac 

amierkavkasiam dakarga administraciuli TviTmmarTveloba. gauqmda 

avtonomiuri xelisuflebis mefisnacvlis instituti. am 

brZanebis Sedegad mefis mTavrobis administraciis xelmZRvaneli 

mTavarmmarTebeli gaxda, romelic Tavisi uflebamosilebiT didad 

CamorCeboda mefisnacvals [S. vaniSvili, amierkavkasia 

ruseTis mmarTvelobis sistemaSi 1864-1917w., Tb., 1989. gv. 54]. 

ministrTa komitetis 1882 wlis 29 ianvris dadgenilebis me-3 

punqtis Tanaxmad, TbilisSi Seiqmna specialuri komisia, romelsac 

daevala kavkasiis marTva-gamgeobis axali kanondebulebis 

Sedgena. kavkasiis marTva-gamgeobis reorganizaciis proeqti da 

winadadebebi gadaeca saxelmwifo sabWos. 

kavkasiis marTva-gamgeobis reorganizacia or etapad 

ganxorcielda. pirveli kanoni miRebul iqna 1883 wels, meore 

dasrulebul-dazustebuli kanondebuleba ki imperatorma 

daamtkica 1885 wlis ianvars. 1886 wels ki igi peterburgSi gamo-

qveynda [S. vaniSvili, amierkavkasia ruseTis mmarTvelobis sistemaSi 

1864-1917w., Tb., 1989. gv. 69]. 

kanonis mixedviT kavkasiis centralur mmarTvelobas warmoadgendnen: 

kavkasiis samoqalaqo nawilis mTavarmmarTebeli da 

misi TanaSemwe; mTavarmmarTeblis sabWo; sxvadasxva uwyebis 

calkeul nawilTa sammarTveloebi. adgilobrivi administraciuli 

dawesebulebebi iyo: 1) sagubernio da saolqo, 2) 

samazro da saokrugo, 3) saqalaqo da sasoflo. calke moqmedebdnen 

sasamarTlo dawesebulebebi. 

1888 wlis 10 maiss gamoqveynda kanoni, ,,amierkavkasiis guberniebSi 

samazro policiis reorganizaciis Sesaxeb”, romlis 

Tanaxmad amierkavkasiis 5 gubernia daiyo 37 mazrad da 125 

sapolicio ubnad. am RonisZiebas Sinagan saqmeTa ministri grafi 

tolstoi amarTlebda im motiviT, rom mosaxleobis mravaltomobrivoba 

yoveli maTganis Taviseburi adaT-Cveulebani da moqalaqeobrivi 

ganuviTarebloba moiTxovda sapolicio Zalebis 

mudmiv yofnas mazris sxvadasxva punqtSi, rac meti iqneboda policiis 

sayrdeni wertilebi, miT ukeT iqneboda daculi sazogadoebrivi 

uSiSroeba da wesrigi. aseTi iyo ministris azri 

[scssa, f.13, anaw.10, saq.737, furc.1-4]. 

amrigad, guberniebi dayofil iqna mazrebad. mazris ufross 

hyavda TanaSemwe, mdivani, saqmis mwarmoebeli, Tarjimani, mazrebi 

iyofoda sapolicio ubnebad, romlebsac boqaulebi ganagebdnen. 

sapolicio ubanSi Sedioda ramdenime sasoflo sazogadoeba, 

romlebic, Tavis mxriv, ramdenime sofels da dasaxlebul punqts 

aerTianebdnen. soflis sazogadoebis mmarTvelobis umaRles 

ganmkargulebel organos soflis yriloba warmoadgenda. mis 

funqciebSi Sedioda sasoflo mmarTvelobis Tanamdebobis pirTa 

arCeva, soflidan mavne da damnaSave pirebis gansaxlebis Taobaze 

dadgenilebis miReba, sazogadoebriv saWiroebebze zemdgomi instanciebis 

winaSe Suamdgomlobis aRZvra, saxazino da saerobo 

gadasaxadebis komlTa Soris ganawileba da sxv. [S. vaniSvili, 

amierkavkasia ruseTis mmarTvelobis sistemaSi 1864-1917w., Tb., 

1989. gv. 80]. 

soflis sazogadoebis mmarTvelobis aRmasrulebeli 

xelisufali iyo mamasaxlisi, romelsac glexTa yriloba 

irCevda. mis funqciebSi Sedioda: gzebis, xidebis, wyalsadenebis 

SenarCunebisaTvis meTvalyureoba; kameralur aRweraTa Catarebis 

xelmZRvaneloba da kontroli; saxelmwifo, saerobo da saadgilmamulo 

gadasaxadTa droulad akrefis uzrunvelyofa. masve, 

garkveuli formalobis dacviT, glexebisaTvis unda mieca

sasoflo sazogadoebidan gaSvebis mowmobebi da saSovarze 

wasvlis sanebarTvo bileTebi. 

saglexo reformis Semdeg saqarTveloSi swrafi tempiT vi- 

Tardeboda kapitalizmi. misi ganviTarebis paralelurad Zlierdeboda 

burJuazia, magram es ukanaskneli moklebuli iyo 

politikur uflebebs, ris gamoc ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamda. mosalodneli 

garTulebebis Tavidan asacileblad, mefis mTavroba 

iZulebuli gaxda daTmobaze wasuliyo da 1870 wlis saqalaqo 

debulebiT burJuaziisaTvis misi moqmedebis mTavar asparezze _ 

qalaqebSi, mieniWebina SezRuduli TviTmmarTvelobis ufleba. 

1870 wlis debuleba burJuaziuli xasiaTisa iyo. igi mxedvelobaSi 

ar iRebda mosaxleobis wodebriv dayofas da saarCevno 

Tanrigebs safuZvlad udebda ara moqalaqeTa socialur warmo- 

Sobas, aramed ekonomikur mdgomareobas. amis Sesabamisad qalaqSi 

yalibdeboda sami Tanrigi, sami saarCevno kreba. pirvelSi Sediodnen 

msxvili mesakuTreni, meoreSi _ saSualo SeZlebis moqalaqeni, 

mesameSi _ is wvrili mesakuTreni, romlebic ixdidnen 

garkveul gadasaxads [i. gvenetaZe, axalcixis saqalaqo mmarTveloba 

1876-1917ww., `macne,~ istoriis seria, #4, Tb., 1979. gv. 91]. 

qalaqis sazogadoebrivi TviTmmarTveloba ar iTvleboda 

adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organod. marTalia, igi debulebiT 

gansazRvrul CarCoebSi damoukideblad moqmedebda, magram imave 

debulebis sxva muxlebi mniSvnelovnad zRudavdnen TviTmmarTvelobebs 

da administraciis kontrols amyarebdnen mis saqmianobaze. 

miuxedavad amisa, TviTmpyrobelobis pirobebSi qalaqebisaTvis 

TviTmmarTvelobis miniWeba mainc progresul movlenas warmoadgenda, 

radgan ramdenadme ilagmeboda saxelmwifo biurokratiuli 

aparatis TviTneboba da iqmneboda progresuli Zalebis 

moqmedebis asparezi. 

saqalaqo debulebis gatareba saqarTvelos qalaqebSi 

sxvadasxva dros moxda. 1875 wlis Tebervlidan aRniSnuli debulebis 

gatarebisaTvis mzadeba axalcixeSic daiwyes (manamde 

qalaqs policia ganagebda). 1876 wels moewyo amomrCevelTa 

pirveli kenWisyra. arCevnebSi mosaxleobis mcire nawili 

monawileobda. qalaqis 14.000 mcxovrebidan xmis uflebiT sargeblobda 

mxolod 258 kaci, anu mTeli mosaxleobis 1,8% [i. gvenetaZe, 

axalcixis saqalaqo mmarTveloba 1876-1917ww., `macne,~ istoriis 

seria, #4, Tb., 1979. gv. 91]. 

1876 wlis ivnisSi axalcixeSi sabolood Camoyalibda 

TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi. arCeul iqna saTaTbiro, qalaqis 

Tavi da gamgeoba [i. gvenetaZe, axalcixis saqalaqo mmarTveloba 

1876-1917ww., `macne,~ istoriis seria, #4, Tb., 1979. gv. 91].

narodovolcebis mier aleqsandre II-is mokvlis Semdeg, 

reaqcia Setevaze gadavida. axalma imperatorma aleqsandre III-m 

da misi biurokratiuli aparatis didmoxeleebma 60-iani wlebis 

reformebi Secdomad gamoacxades da kontrreformis gatareba 

daiwyes [S. vaniSvili, amierkavkasia ruseTis mmarTvelobis sistemaSi 

1864-1917w., Tb., 1989. gv. 99]. 

axali administraciuli danawilebis mcdeloba iyo somxebis 

mxridan 1913 wels. maT axalqalaqis mazra somxeTis miwa-wylad 

gamoacxades da am mazris Tbilisis guberniis sazRvrebidan gamoyofa 

moiTxoves. maTi mizani iyo axalqalaqis mazra danarCen 

somxur mazrebTan SeeerTebinaT da am gziT erTi mTliani 

somxuri saerobo TviTmmarTveli olqi SeeqmnaT. es azri wamoyenebul 

iqna somxebis mier 1913 wels, rodesac kavkasiaSi mefis 

moadgiled somexTa mwyalobeli grafi voroncov-daSkovi iyo. 

maTi wadili rom ufro samarTlianad da obieqturi mosazrebiT 

nakarnaxevad sCveneboda adamians, somxebma sabuTad isic ki wamoayenes, 

viTomc javaxeTi anu axalqalaqis mazra ekonomikurad 

tfilisis ki ara, gumbris (aleqsandropoli) guberniasTan iyo 

dakavSirebuli [Шахатунян А, Административный передель Закавказского 

края Тфл., 1918, ст. 70-72]. 

voroncovis survilis Tanaxmad, imave wels gaica brZaneba, 

rom Tbilisis guberniis axalqalaqis samazro komisia Semdgariyo 

da gamoerkvia, SeiZleboda Tu ara, da ramdenad xelsayreli 

iqneboda, rom axalqalaqis mazra Tbilisis gubernias 

Camoscileboda da gumbrisas (aleqsandropolis) mimateboda, rom 

masTan erTad calke, gansakuTrebiT somxebiT dasaxlebuli gubernia 

Semdgariyo. komisiaSi TavmjdomariTurT sul 14 kaci 

iRebda monawileobas, romelTagan 8 kaci rusi iyo (Tavmjdomare 

mazris ufrosi podpolk. kalinini, momrigebeli mickeviCi, fostatelegrafis 

kantoris ufrosi delibaSi, samazro beiTali 

toropovi, saubno boqaulebi Capligini da lazarevi, duxoborebis 

warmomadgenlebi al. uglovi da vas. gremiakini), 4 qarTveli 

(gadasaxadTa inspeqtori T-di mayaSvili da memamuleTa warmomadgenlebi 

qarTveli _ mahmadianebi mamed-ali-begi da mustafabegi 

falavandiSvilebi, baraleTis ubnis mcxovrebTa warmomadgeneli 

murjikneli) da 2 somexi (qalaqis mamasaxlisi menatunianci 

da bogdanovkis ubnis mcxovrebTa warmomadgeneli karoianci). 

bWobis Semdgom samazro komisiam erTxmad uaryo javaxeTis 

anu axalqalaqis mazris tfilisis guberniisagan CamoSoreba da 

gumbrTan (aleqsandropoli) SeerTeba. Tavisi azris dasasabuTeblad 

komisia, sxvaTa Soris, pirvelad swored am kuTxis eko-

nomikursa da mimosvlis sakiTxs Seexo da daadgina: `Semcdari 

azria, viTomc axalqalaqis mazra q. aleqsandropolTan yofiliyos 

dakavSirebuli, mTeli vaWroba da yvela saWirboroto interesi 

mcxovreblebs gansakuTrebiT tfilisTan aerTebs, sadac 

isini Tavis saqonels, sanovagesa da adgilobriv nawarms asaReben 

da saiTganac moaqvT saqoneli da yvelaferi saxmari mTeli mazrisaTvis. 

amasTanave saqonlis gadatan-gadmotana mTeli wlis 

ganmavlobaSi, zafxulSiac da zamTarSic, warmoebs axalcixeborjom-bakurianis 

SaragziT, agreTve rodionovka-walkamanglisze 

mokle, pirdapiri saurme gziT, romelic zamTarSiac 

ki ar ikvreba xolme. aleqsandropolTan ki zamTarSi, namqerebis 

gamo, xolo gazafxulze wyaldidobisa da talaxebis gamo, mTeli 

TveobiT yovelgvari kavSiri, safostoc ki srulebiT Sewyvetilia 

xolme. zafxulSi ki, rodesac aleqsandropolis gza gaxsnilia, 

mTeli savaWro saqoneli javaxeTidan mainc axalcixeze, bakurianSi 

midis da mxolod am mazris bogdanovkis ubnis samxreT 

nawils, zogierTi saqoneli, metadre brinji, zafxulobiT 

aleqsandropolidan modis xolme~. 

axalqalaqis samazro komisiis aRniSnuli erTmxrivi 

dadgenileba 1914 wlis 24 ianvars tfilisis gansakuTrebulma 

sabWom erTxmad daamtkica [iv. javaxiSvili, saqarTvelos saz- 

Rvrebi, Tb., 1996. gv. 36-37]. 

1917 wlis Tebervlis burJuaziul-demokratiuli 

revoluciis Sedegad petrogradSi droebiTi mTavroba Seiqmna. 

martis dasawyisisaTvis droebiTma mTavrobam saxelmwifo saTaTbiros 

wevrebisagan Seqmna warmomadgenloba amierkavkasiis 

xalxTa saxelmZRvanelod da uwoda mas àmierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli 

komiteti~(ozakomi). 

1917 wlis oqtomberSi moxda saxelmwifo gadatrialeba da 

gaimarjva bolSevikebis partiam; damyarda sabWoTa xelisufleba 

da garekil iqna droebiTi mTavroba. amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebulma 

komitetma, romelic bolomde droebiTi mTavrobis erTguli 

rCeboda, uari Tqva sabWoTa xelisuflebis cnobaze da sapasuxod 

1917 wlis 15 noembers s. gegeWkoris meTaurobiT 

Camoayaliba axali mTavroba _ amierkavkasiis komisariati. sayuradReboa, 

rom es axali mTavroba Tavis Tavs mainc ruseTis imperiis 

nawilad Tvlida [S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri qronikebi, 

II, Tb., 1997, gv. 251-253.; z. avaliSvili, saqarTvelos damoukidebloba 

1918-1921 wlebis saerTaSoriso politikaSi, tf. 1925. 

gv. 24]. 

male komisariatma axalcixeSi mdgari 116-e polki erovnuli 

da religiuri monacemebis mixedviT daSala. amasTan, axlad Seqm-

nili sajariso nawilebi adgilze daanawila. rus jariskacTa 

umravlesoba saxlebSi gabrunda. darCenili nawili ruseTidan 

TeTrgvardieli generlebis gankargulebas eloda. 

axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazrebSi ganlagdnen rogorc qar- 

Tuli, ise somxuri da muslimanuri nawilebi. manamde mazraSi 

mdgari osTa da inguSTa sapolicio razmebi Sesabamisad daemor- 

Cilnen qarTul polks da abasTumanSi mdgar muslimanTa polks. 

axalcixeSi ganlagda qarTuli polki da somxuri aTaseuli da 

artaanSi _ ramdenime qarTuli aseuli [S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri 

qronikebi, II, Tb., 1997, gv. 254]. 

mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT jer kidev 1917 wlis 

noemberSi komisariatma axalcixis mxarisaTvis daawesa e.w. sageneralgubernatoro, 

rac imas niSnavda, rom aq sagangebo wesebi 

iqneboda SemoRebuli. general-gubernatoris gankargulebaSi 

Sedioda mxaris rogorc samxedro, ise samoqalaqo saqmeebi. 

pirvel general-gubernatorad dainiSna 166-e polkis rwmunebulad 

namsaxuri, samxedro akademiadamTavrebuli axalgazrda oficeri 

S. maRlakeliZe. sageneralgubernatoros mohyva adgilze 

samazro komitetebis, anu rogorc eZaxdnen komisariatebis Seqmna. 

axalcixis samazro komisariatSi, general-gubernatorTan erTad, 

mTavar wevrebad Sevidnen: mazris ufrosi rotmistri gudievi, 

skolebis inspeqtori mitrofanovi da sxvani. 

rac Seexeba aRmasrulebel komitets iq Tavmjdomared ar- 

Ceul iqna adgilobrivi maswavlebeli, awyureli begi omar faiki 

(yifiani), xolo mis moadgiled, misive disSvili ahmed-beg fefinovi 

(fefinaSvili), orive renegati da Turqofili. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom komisariatis SeqmnisTanave mesxeTSi winaaRmdegobebma 

iCines Tavi, aTeuli wlebiT pan-islamuri da pan- 

Turquli propagandiT mowamlulma mesxeTis zeda fenam (begaRalarebma), 

am dros TviTSemecnebis da amis safuZvelze TviTgamorkvevis 

magivrad, Turqi emisrebis karnaxiT, samahmadiano 

saqarTvelos momavlisaTvis brZola daukavSires religiur panislamur 

da pan-Turqul principebs, ar scnes axlad Seqmnili 

mTavroba komisariatis saxiT da ganudgnen mas. 

saqarTvelos samxreT raionebSi ukve 1917 wlis Semodgomaze 

SesamCnevi gaxda muslimanTa bandebis gaaqtiureba, rac pirdapiri 

Sedegi iyo omamdeli da omisdroindeli jaSuSuri saqmianobisa, 

rasac aq Turqi emisrebi eweodnen, islamis dacvis, sarwmunoebis 

dacvisa da yvela mahmadianis gaerTianebis lozungiT. am dros 

moqmedeba daiwyes `CeTebma~. 

mokled, samxreT saqarTveloSi atexili e. w. `CeTebis~ moZraobis 

raobaze da miznebze: `CeTe~ Turquli sityvaa da ewodeba

partizanebis iseT mcire razms, romelsac SeuZlia saWiroebis 

SemTxvevaSi awarmoos partizanuli omi. XV-XIX saukuneebSi CeTebis 

partizanuli moZraoba farTod iyo gavrcelebuli balkaneTis 

naxevarkunZulze, maSin igi mimarTuli iyo dampyrobTa 

winaaRmdeg, sakuTari qveynisa da religiis (qristianobis) dasacavad. 

XIX s-is 20-ian wlebSi serbTa nacionalurganmaTavisuflebeli 

brZolis yvela monawiles ,,CeTniki” erqva da 

,,CeTis” wevrad iTvleboda, rac yvela serbisaTvis saamayo iyo. 

XX s-is 10-ian wlebSi am wminda wylis antiTurqul da antimuslimur 

moZraobas osmalebma Tavdapirveli Sinaarsi 

Seucvales. igi panislamisturi ideebis samsaxurSi Caayenes da 

sarbielad TurqeTis ganapira mxareebi, maT Soris samxreT da 

samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelo miuCines, sadac am droisaTvis 

ZaliT gamahmadianebuli da ukve Rrma fanatizmSi gadasuli 

mesxeTis ,,ierli” cxovrobda (ìer~ _ Turquli sityvaa da 

adgils niSnavs, ierli _ adgilobrivs). axla viTom maT TavianTi 

CaTebiT unda exsnaT islami qristiani moZaladeebisagan [S. lomsaZe, 

mesxebi, axalcixuri qronikebi, II, Tb., 1997, gv. 250-251]. 

,,CeTebis” moZraobis gaaqtiureba, rogorc Cans, dakavSirebuli 

iyo TurqTa mxridan erzinjanis droebiTi zavis darRvevasTan 

momgebiani ,,faqtiuri mdgomareobis” SeqmnisaTvis. samcxejavaxeTSi 

amas xels uwyobda isic, rom axalcixeSi mdgari 

rusTa saTadarigo 166-e polki moiSala. xolo mis adgilze Seqmnili 

erovnuli samxedro nawilebi jer sakmaod sustni iyvnen. am 

viTarebiT isargebles renegatma begebma da Turqi emisrebis karnaxiT, 

adgilze Seqmnili ,,CeTebi” daZres; 1917 wlis noemberSi, 

axalcixeSi mdgar samxedro nawilebianad, maT qalaqi alyaSi 

moaqcies [sjimxf, e.#4641, furc.14]. 

bandebis e. w. ,,CeTebis” saerTo xelmZRvanelobas eweoda renegati 

omar faiki (yifiani). ajanyebulebma alyaSemortymuli axalcixisa 

da iq mdgomi samxedro SenaerTebisagan danebeba da 

iaraRis Cabareba moiTxoves. alyaSi moqceuli axalcixisaTvis 

garedan qristianTa soflebs raime daxmareba rom ar gaewiaT, 

SeTqmulebma yvelgan TavianTi piketebi daayenes da misasvleli 

gzebi Caketes. rac Seexeba qristian qarTvelTa yvelaze did 

sofel udes, SeTqmulebma isic alyaSi moaqcies da iaraRis 

Cabareba moiTxoves [S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri qronikebi, II, 

Tb., 1997, gv. 256]. 

am ambebTan dakavSirebiT samcxe-javaxeTis imdroindeli 

samxedro da samoqalaqo saqmeebis rwmunebulTan, generalgubernator 

maRlakeliZesTan, sami qarTveli mahmadiani begis 

TanxlebiT gamocxadda uravlis ubnis boqauli zia-beg abaSiZe

da warudgina sruliad moulodneli, Svidpunqtiani moTxovna: 1. 

axalcixe gamocxaddes samcxe-javaxeTisa da artaanis mTavar 

qalaqad; 2. saxeli ,,axalcixe” Seicvalos Turqizebuli formiT 

da ewodos ,,ahiska”. 3. qalaqSi darCenili Tavisufali yazarmebi 

gadaeces mahmadianur mosaxleobas. 4. oficerTa sakrebulos 

Senoba mieces mahmadianTa polks; 5. garnizonis ufrosad qarTveli 

oficris nacvlad dainiSnos mahmadiani yajari, romelic 

komisariatma ganawesa me-8 polkis ufrosad da romelsac general-gubernatori 

mesxeTSi Sesvlis uflebas ar aZlevda. 6. general-gubernatori 

Tavisi StabiT qalaqidan gadavides rabaTSi 

da iq cixis teritoriaze ganlagdes; 7. am winadadebis miuReblobis 

SemTxvevaSi mahmadianTa SeiaraRebuli razmebi iZulebulni 

iqnebian SeiWrnen qalaqSi [S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri 


SeiaraRebuli ,,CeTebiT” garSemortymuli axalcixe yovel 

wuTs eloda Setevis dawyebas. `qarTuli Stabis” erT-erT TaTbirze 

gadawyda Tavdasxmis da Setevis dawyeba, rasac unda moexdina 

axalcixis garSemo Tavmoyrili ,,CeTebis” uvnebelyofa. 

marTlac, 1917 wlis dekembris meore naxevarSi, qarTuli polkis 

meomrebi, romelTac mxars umagrebda agreTve somxuri aTaseuli, 

Setevaze erTdroulad gadavidnen sami mimarTulebiT. micemuli 

brZanebiT, maTi mTavari mizani iyo mahmadianTa Sekrebili razmebis 

gafantva da dacla ise, rom mosaxleobas araferi daSaveboda. 

Seteva daiwyo awyuris mimarTulebiT ganlagebul omar 

faikis da ahmed fefenovis winaaRmdeg. aqve iyo mowinaaRmdegis 

mTavari Stabic. ,,CeTebi” daamarcxa da gandevna qarTvel oficerTa 

razmma kapitan abaSiZis meTaurobiT. ,,CeTebi” aseve damarcxebul 

iqnen axalcixis sxva misadgomebTanac. qarTuli Stabis 

gonivruli da drouli moqmedebis wyalobiT, rasac maincadamainc 

didi msxverplic ar mohyolia, ,,CeTebma” axalcixis 

aReba ver SeZles [S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri qronikebi, II, 

Tb., 1997, gv. 260]. 

1917 w. noemberSi CeTebis damarcxebiT saqme ar damTavrebula. 

mahmadianTa begebma samxreT saqarTvelos momavlis sakiTxi 

gansaxilvelad abasTumanSi daniSnul mahmadianTa specialur 

yrilobaze gaitanes, romelsac eswrebodnen warmomadgenlebi: 

samcxidan, javaxeTidan, artaanidan, aWaridan, SavSeTidan da yarsidan. 

yriloba naxevrad konspiraciuli iyo. misi saorganizacio 

komitetis winaswari gancxadebiT iq unda ganxiluliyo mxolod 

kulturul-sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxebi. magram, roca yriloba gaixsna 

dRis wesrigi arsebiTad Secvlili aRmoCnda: delegatebi 

religiur-kulturuli sakiTxebis nacvlad samxreT da samxreT-

dasavleT saqarTvelos rogorc socialur-politikuri, ise 

teritoriuli sakiTxebis garCevas Seudgnen da yvelasaTvis moulodneli 

erTob Sesazari dadgenileba miiRes: axalcixeaxalqalaqis 

mazrebi, focxovi, aWara, artaani, SavSeTi mTeli 

Tavisi teritoriiTa da xalxiT, viTarca sunas mimdevari da erTmorwmune, 

unda gaerTianebuliyo erTi avtonomiuri mmarTvelobis 

qveS yarsis mxaresTan. unda gamoyofoda amierkavkasiis komisariats 

da gasuliyo Tbilisis guberniidan [S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri 

qronikebi, II, Tb., 1997,gv. 261]. 

sxvaTa Soris, abasTumnis yrilobas, rogorc meTvalyurewarmomadgeneli, 

eswreboda mxaris general-gubernatori maRlakeliZec, 

romelmac Tavis gamosvlaSi yrilobis gadawyvetileba 

sruliad aSkarad dagmo da protesti gamoucxada mas. 

aRelvebulma brbom maRlakeliZe tribunidan Camoagdo, xolo 

saRamos, roca is sam Tanmxleb pirTan erTad axalcixisken gaemarTa 

yaCaRurad gzaSi dauxvdnen, srola autexes da erTi mxlebeli 

moukles. general-gubernatorma Tavs gaqceviT uSvela. ni- 

Sani micemuli iyo, mesxeTis fanatikosi beg-aRalarebi mTavrobasTan 

aSkara konfliqtSi ebmebodnen. momaval brZolaSi begebs 

TavianTi `CeTebis~ imedi hqondaT. mesxeTSi mZime samoqalaqo omi 

iwyeboda, romelic religiur-Sovinistur mimarTulebas iRebda. 

abasTumnis yriloba da `CeTebis~ amoZraveba erTimeores daemTxva. 

rogorc Cans, SeTqmulTa mier Sedgenili programiT es asec unda 

yofiliyo. etyoba am mizniT iqna Setyuebuli yrilobaze axalcixe-axalqalaqis 

gubernatori, ramac adgilze darCenil aRmaskomis 

avantiurist wevrebs TviTneburi sxdomebis Catarebis saSualeba 

misca, romelzec antiqarTuli da antisaxelmwifoebrivi 

dadgenilebebi gamoitanes. mag., axalcixis aRmaskomis unebarTvod 

mowveul sxdomaze ahmed-beg fefinovis daJinebuli moTxovniT 

ganixiles sakiTxi q. axalcixis saxelis gadarqmevis Sesaxeb da 

gamoitanes dadgenileba, rom amieridan axalcixes wodeboda 

àhiska~. ahmed-beg fefinovi sxdomis monawileebs arwmunebda, rom 

àhiska~ iyo misi Tavdapirveli saxeli da Semdeg qarTvelebma 

gadaakeTes axalcixedo. imave dReebSi mazraSi saxeli Seucvales 

zogierT dasaxlebul punqts. mag., sofel abs uwodes `sulTanie~, 

xolo sofel xaks _ `meCeTie~. 

mxareSi saerTo areulobiT isargebles axalqalaqis 

samazro komitetSi mokalaTebulma daSnakebmac. maT imave periodSi 

unebarTvod moiwvies aRmaskomis sxdoma da bevrad ufro 

Tavxeduri dadgenileba gamoitanes imis Sesaxeb, rom upiratesad 

somxebiT dasaxlebuli axalqalaqis mazra gamosuliyo Tbilisis 

guberniidan da Sesuliyo erevnis guberniaSi. yvelaferi es xde-

oda qarTuli Stabisa da mxareSi SemoRebul sageneralgubernatoros 

gverdis avliT, romlis gareSec maT aseTi sxdomebis Catarebis 

ufleba ar hqondaT. rodesac general-gubernatori maRlakeliZe 

abasTumnis yrilobidan mobrunda da samazro aRmaskomebis 

danaSaulebriv saqmianobas gaecno, mixvda, rom Zalis gamoyenebis 

gareSe im etapze arc erTi frTis daSoSmineba da damSvideba 

ar SeiZleboda. 

1918 wlis 28 marts, CeTebi Seesivnen javaxeT-eruSeTis 

sazRvarze mdgar or qarTul sofels: zeda Tmogvsa da agaras. 

aikles is da mosaxleoba daarbies. 5 aprils 800-ma SeiaraRebulma 

mahmadianma ieriSi miitana zekaris gadasasvlelze da 

Caketa imereTidan samcxeSi mimavali erTaderTi gza. cota ufro 

adre awyurelma mahmadianebma Caketes axalcixidan borjomisken 

mimavali gza. axalqalaqis mazraSi mcxovrebma Taraqamebma bakuriansa 

da TrialeTze mimavali gzebi gadaWres. amasTan, moSales 

yovelgvari satelefono kavSiri TbilisTan. `39 dRe garSemortymuli 

viyaviT mtriT. 43 dRe fosta ar muSaobda. am xnis ganmavlobaSi 

vuZlebdiT yovelgvar gasaWirs. vuZlebdiT im imediT, 

rom adre Tu gvian gveRirseba ganTavisufleba Cvenda sasargeblod.~ 

_ werda zaqaria didimamiSvili 1918 wlis 4 ivniss [S. 

lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri qronikebi, II, Tb., 1997, gv. 397]. 

samwuxarod, im dRes qarTvelTa imedebi daimsxvra. baTumSi 

xelmowerili xelSekrulebiT TurqeTis xelSi gadadioda 10.000 

kv. km. teritoria 350.000 mcxovrebiT. saqarTvelo kargavda ara 

marto 1878 wels dabrunebul Tavis istoriul miwa-wyals, aramed 

1829 wels SemoerTebul samcxe-javaxeTsac. 

6 ivniss gubernatoris gamocemuli brZanebiT uqmdeboda komendantis 

saaTi q. axalcixeSi. 7 ivniss Turq cxenosanTa 

sapolicio aseuli Sevida axalcixeSi da quCebSi marSiT gaiara. 

8 ivniss axalcixe datova somxurma batalionma. awyurisaken mimaval 

nawilebs bevri moqalaqec gayva. SeTanxmebis mixedviT 11 

ivniss axalcixe unda daetovebina qarTul polksac da iqidan 

abasTumanSi gadasuliyo. magram rogorc gairkva, abasTumansa da 

awyurs iq gamagrebuli adgilobrivi begebi ar Tmobdnen. am 

mdgomareobiT sargeblobda gen. mayaSvili da axalcixidan ar gamodioda. 

magram mxareSi Turquli wes-Cveulebebi mainc myardeboda. 

dampyroblebma saqme samazro mmarTvelobis SecvliTa da 

axali samoxeleo aparatis SeqmniT daiwyes. mmarTvelobis sa- 

TaveSi samoqalaqo da samxedro xelisuflebiT aRWurvili, aq 

ganlagebuli jarebis (diviziis) sardali xaliT-faSa daayenes. 

xaliT-faSas xelisufleba yofili gimnaziis SenobaSi moTavsda. 

faSas hyavda Tavisi muTaserifi, kaimakami, mudiri, baS mudiri,

muxTari, baS muxTari. yvela sofels hyavda Tavisi muxTari an 

iuzbaSi. isini baS muxTars emorCilebodnen. baS muxTari 

ganagebda ramdenime sofels da udrida rusul `starSinas~. 

ufrosi muxTari (baS muxTari) emorCileboda mudirs, mudiri _ 

kaimakams, es ukanaskneli _ muTaserifs da a.S. Turquli samoxeleo 

aparati bevrad ufro gazrdili iyo, vidre rusuli. samoxeleo 

aparatis Seqmnamde da xaliT-faSas mosvlamde aq komendantad 

daniSnuli iyo Stabs-kapitani baki-faSa [S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, 

axalcixuri qronikebi, II, Tb., 1997, gv.287]. 

11 ivniss baki-faSas brZanebiT gauqmda axalcixis yofili 

milicia da mis magivrad daarsebul iqna Turquli policia, 

romlis gankargulebaSi iyo erTi cxenosani da erTi fexosani 

aseuli. sapolicio razmebi ZiriTadad adgilobrivi mahmadianebiT 

iyo dakompleqtebuli [S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri 


15 ivniss axalcixeSi Sevida diviziis ufrosi, mxaris samxedro 

da samoqalaqo mmarTveli xaliT-faSa. misi qalaqSi Sesvla 

aRiniSna zar-zeimiT. imave dRes daiwyo axalcixis dacla. axalma 

administraciam samcxe-javaxeTis oficialur enad Turquli gamoacxada. 

amis SesabamisadAquCebsa da warmoeba-dawesebulebis 

yvela warwera gamoicvala. Turqul enaze gadavida saqmis warmoebac, 

ris gamoc adgilobriv qristianul mosaxleobas gau- 

Wirda samsaxuri [S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri qronikebi, II, 

Tb., 1997, gv. 289]. 

1918 wlis (14) 27 ivlisidan axalcixe saolqo qalaqad 

gadakeTda. axalcixeSi baTumidan Cavida olqis muTaserifi (vicegubernatori) 

[S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri qronikebi, II, Tb., 

1997, gv.431]. 

TurqTa parpaSi samxreT saqarTveloSi didxans ver 

gagrZelda. 1918 wlis 30 oqtombers inglisis kreiser àgamemonze~, 

mudrosis navsadgurSi (egeosis zRva) xeli moaweres 

zavs, romlis ZaliT osmaleTi inglisis mowyalebas miendo. mudrosis 

droebiTi zavis ZaliT TurqeTs ukan unda daexia 1914 

wlis sazRvrebSi. amasTan, inglisis jaris mosvlamde, maTi 

jaris erTi mesamedi unda darCeniliyo okupirebul olqebSi [S. 


daubrundeboda Tu ara samcxe-javaxeTi Tavis istoriul patrons 

_ saqarTvelos, ra politikur gzas airCevdnen aq ingliselebi, 

kanonierad scnobdnen Tu ara baTumis xelSekrulebas, 

romelic scildeboda ara marto 1914 wlamde arsebul sazRvars, 

aramed brest-litovskis xelSekrulebiT dadgenil sazRvarsac, 

rogor urTierTobas daamyarebdnen isini saqarTvelosTan da mis

mezoblebTan (TurqeTi, somxeTi, azerbaijani, ruseTi) da sxva. ai 

sakiTxebi, romlebic maSin aRelvebda yvelas. 

amasTan dakavSirebiT, moZraoba daiwyes mesxeTis moRalate 

begebmac. aTasnairad midgnen-modgnen da erTiani azris 

SesamuSaveblad 1918 wlis 3 noembers, vidre Zalaufleba jer 

kidev Turqebis xelT iyo, axalcixis cixeSi gamarTes kreba, romelsac 

TurqeTis mxridan daeswrnen xaliT-bei, baki-bei da jemal 

ximSiaSvili. krebaze begebs xaliT-faSisaTvis uTqvamT: Tqveni 

wasvlis Semdeg mxare Cven dagvitoveT da ingliselebTan Cven 

TviTon gavawyobT saqmeso. xaliT-faSa maSin uarze damdgara. 

radgan es mazrebi Cven qarTvelebma Cagvabares, isev qarTvelebs 

unda CavabaroTo. kamaTi gamwvavebula politikuri orientaciis 

sakiTxebzec. begebis yvelaze reaqciuli nawili moiTxovda Zveli 

mesxeTis teritoriaze axali saxelmwifo erTeulis Seqmnas da 

mis saqarTvelodan Camocilebas. meore, SedarebiT loialuri 

nawili Tvlida, rom aucilebeli ar iyo mesxeTis gamoyofa 

saqarTvelodan Tu igi masSi Sevidoda avtonomiuri uflebiT. 

begTa Soris TiTo-orola (mag., baxSi-beg maCabeli) iseTic aRmoCnda, 

romelic SesaZleblad Tvlida sruliad saqarTvelosTan 

SeerTebas yovelgvari gamoyofisa da avtonomiis gareSe. sulswrafma 

begebma veRar moiTmines, 5 noembers axali mTavroba 

Seadgines da portfelebi erTmaneTSi gainawales. ministrprezidentis 

Tanamdeboba ergo mesxeTis begTa SeTqmulebis 

upirveles monawiles omar faiks (yifians), samxedro ministris 

portfeli miiRo server-beg jayelma, qoblianelma. miwaTmoqmedebis 

ministri gaxda zia-beg avaliSvili, xolo Sinagan saqmeTa da 

finansTa ministris Tanamdeboba, orive erTad miitaca avantiuristma 

lekma murxan musakievma. ar arsebuli saxelmwifos kabinetis 

Sesaxeb meore dRes ukve mTelma mesxeTma icoda. dawyebul 

moZraobaSi qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobam da piradad axalcixis 

Tavma zorianma, romelsac sakmaod gamaxvilebuli hqonda 

politikuri situaciis grZnoba, avantiurist begebTan 

TanamSromlobis axali Sesaferisi pozicia gamoimuSava: 8 noembers 

mowveul sxdomaze zorianma da misma jgufma begebs 

ganucxades, rom dawyebul brZolaSi dadgebodnen maT gverdiT 

da yvelafers gaakeTebdnen, imisaTvis, rom mesxeTi menSevikur 

mTavrobas aRar SeerTeboda [S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, axalcixuri 


samcxe-javaxeTis mmarTvelobisaTvis, saomar moqmedebasTan 

dakavSirebiT, 1918 wlis 2 noembers Seiqmna da 1919 wlis 28 

maisamde iarseba Tbilisis guberniis axalcixe-axalqalaqis 

droebiTma sageneral-gubernatorom, romlis mTavarsardals

samxedro xelisuflebasTan erTad samoqalaqo xelisuflebac 

emorCileboda. mis mmarTvelobaSi Sedioda TiTo warmomadgeneli 

qalaqebis TviTmmarTvelobebidan da or-ori glexTa sabWodan, 

qalaqebis mcxovrebTagan da gaxiznulTa komitetidan. axalcixeaxalqalaqis 

mazrebis droebiTi general-gubernatori iyo jer 

generali mayaSvili, Semdeg generali kvinitaZe. am ukanasknelma 

1919 wlis 28 maiss Zalaufleba gadasca samoqalaqo-samazro 

mmarTvelobebs [scssa, f.1946, anaw.1, saq.17, furc.384.; scssa, f.1946, 

anaw.1, saq.22, furc.15,18,25,30]. 

male cnobili gaxda, rom dekembris pirvel ricxvebSi 

saqarTvelos respublikis jari unda Sesuliyo axalcixeSi. zogi 

aqa-iq miimala, xolo zogma Tavis gadarCenisaTvis daiwyo sirbili. 

1 dekembers awyurSi Casuli murxan musakievi general mayaSvils 

begebisaTvis feodaluri privilegiebis SenarCunebas, patiebas 

da uSiSroebis garantias sTxovda. 2 dekembers man es 

moTxovnebi warudgina ukve nirwamxdar xmosanTa krebasac. 1918 

wlis 3 dekembers, diliT adre, server-beg qoblianeli da baRSibeg 

maCabeli axalcixidan aWarisaken gaiparnen [sjimxf, e.#111, 

furc.76]. 

4 dekembers, dRis pirvel saaTze, axalcixeSi Sevida qar- 

Tuli jari general gelovanis meTaurobiT, samxedro musikis 

TanxlebiT. ase samarcxvinod damTavrda avantiuristi mesxi begebis 

pirveli SeTqmuleba, romelsac saTaveSi edga renegati, 

naqarTvelari, omar faiki neman-zade (yifiani) [S. lomsaZe, 

mesxebi, axalcixuri qronikebi, II, Tb., 1997, gv. 295]. 

ingliselTa Semosvlis Semdeg, miuxedavad imisa, rom 

TurqeTma ukan daixia da mesxeTi saqarTvelos jarma daikava, 

TurqeT-saqarTvelos sakiTxi kvlav gadauWreli rCeboda. 

revoluciis SiSiT enver-faSas politikis mimdevari samxedro 

pirebi veRar dabrundnen saxlebSi da darCnen amierkavkasiis 

musulmanebTan, rogorc Turqi emisrebi. aseTi emisrebis ricxvi 

gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevi iyo artaanis, qvablianis da focxovis 

raionebSi, romelTac mxars uWerdnen adgilobrivi begebi da 

aRalarebi. kavkasiaSi darCenil am samxedro jgufebs daxmarebas 

uwevdnen TurqeTis samxedro wreebi stambolidan, romelnic 

inglisis karnaxiT moqmedebdnen. 

1919 wlis dasawyisSi àmierkavkasiis osmaleTis~ Seqmnis 

lozungiT am jgufebma moqmedeba daiwyes. es axali e. w. `saxelmwifo,~ 

rogorc idea Tavis gansaxierebas eZebda daaxloebiT 

Zveli samcxe-saaTabagos sazRvrebSi. mas saxelad unda rqmeoda 

`samxreT-dasavleT kavkasiis mTavroba~, romlis centri iqneboda 

qalaq yarsSi. misi teritoria unda Semdgariyo: yarsis, artaanis,

aTumis olqebisa da axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazrebisagan, e.i. im 

teritoriisagan, romelic mudrosis SeTanxmebis ZaliT unda 

daecalaT Turqebs da gadaecaT gamarjvebuli inglisisaTvis. [S. 


am axali `samxreT-dasavleT kavkasiis mTavrobis~ Tavmjdomared 

daniSnul iqna axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazrebis droebiTi 

komisari, Turqebis emisari, server-beg aTabagi jayeli, qoblianeli. 

mas, rogorc Cans, azrad hqonda mTavrobis erovnul safuZvelze 

mowyoba. administracia Caabara ter-aruTinovs, vinme 

tomaSeviCi _ dediT qarTveli, dainiSna Sinagan saqmeTa ministrad 

da mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris amxanagad (is qarTvelebs mfarvelobda). 

finansebis mowesrigeba miendo marqarians; rukini 

dainiSna xarjTamkrefad; kortalovi _ sursaTis ministrad; mur- 

Taz-beg falavandiSvili _ iusticiis ministrad. mTavrobis 

aparats komisariati uwodes [sjimxf, e.#3428, furc.8.;]. 

1919 wlis 12 Tebervals axalcixeSi server-begis jari 

Sevida. amis Sesaxeb gaz. èrToba~ iuwyeboda: `12 Tebervals 

server-begi qoblianskis meTaurobiT focxovis jarebi Sevidnen 

axalcixeSi. aRlums xelmZRvanelobda awyuris yofili ufrosi 

laTib-bei. jarebis Semosvlis dros datusaRebul iqnen yvela 

moxeleni da adgilobrivi miliciis wevrebi, romelTac ver moeswroT 

qalaqidan wasvla~ [gaz. èrToba~, #63, 1919w.]. 

`samxreT-dasavleT kavkasiis mTavrobam~ gamoacxada mobilizacia 

da jaris organizeba miando polkovnik mironovs. Tumca 

jaris Sekreba ver moxerxda, radgan xalxi mxars ar uWerda maT. 

komisariatis marTva-gamgeobam 27 dRes gastana. generalma kvinitaZem 

erTi dakvriT daamxo `samxreT-dasavleT kavkasiis mTavroba~ 

[sjimxf, e.#3428, furc.8.;]. generlebma kvinitaZem da arTmelaZem 

daikaves axalcixe, focxovi, axalqalaqi da artaani [Квинитадзе 

Г. Мои воспоминания в годы независимости Грузии 1918-1921, 

Paris, 1985. ст. 103-104]. artaanis aRebiT mesxeTSi weliwadnaxevriani 

samoqalaqo omi damTavrda. 

es simSvide didxans ar gagrZelebula. 1921 wlis Tebervlis 

Sua ricxvebSi, erTi mxriT, moskovis bolSevikuri da, meore 

mxriT, ankaris qemalisturi mTavrobebis saidumlo garigebis safuZvelze 

saqarTvelos erTsa da imave dros Semoesivnen bol- 

Sevikebica da qemalistebic. qemalistebma maSin istoriuli 

saqarTvelos samxreTi olqebi, maT Soris artaani daipyres, 

xolo bolSevikebma _ mTeli saqarTvelo. am veraguli SeTanxmebis 

gamJRavneba cota gvian 1921 w. 16 marts moskovis konferenciaze 

moxda, rac Semdeg imave moskovidan miRebuli diqtatis safuZvelze, 

amierkavkasiis federaciulma mTavrobam yarsis kon-

ferenciaze daadastura 1921 wlis 13 oqtombers [S. lomsaZe, 

mesxebi, axalcixuri qronikebi, II, Tb., 1997,; 305]. saqarTveloSi 

sabWoTa xelisuflebam administraciuli dayofis Zveli forma 

SeinarCuna. istoriuli samxreTi saqarTvelodan saqarTvelos 

sazRvrebSi mxolod samcxe-javaxeTi anu axalcixis da axalqalaqis 

mazrebi darCa. 

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, 1878 wlidan SemoerTebuli mesxeTi 

moicavda axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebs, artaanis da 

olTisis okrugebs. 

axalcixis mazris teritoria mTlianad udrida 2658,4 kv. 

kilometrs. masSi Sedioda 3 sapolicio ubani: awyuris, qvablianis 

da uravelis, romelTa farTobi Sesabamisad iyo: 848,7; 980 

da 829,7 kv. kilometri. 

awyuris sapolicio ubani, Tavis mxriv, iyofoda: awyuris 

idumalas da kldis sasoflo sazogadoebad. awyuris s/s-Si 

Sedioda soflebi: agara, awyuri, dviri, dgvari, zikilia, 

qvabisxevi, kopaZe, moqcevi, sakvirike, sayuneTi, taZrisi, Tiseli, 

tyemlana, winubani, wrioxi (sul 15 sofeli). 

idumlis sasoflo sazogadoebaSi gaerTianebuli iyo 19 

sofeli: aspinZa, blorZa, idumala, indusa, yamza, kolTaxevi 

(kvalTaxevi), laSixevi, minaZe (davTarSi araa), orfola, oTa, 

zemo oSora, qvemo oSora, feriscixe, rusTavi, tamala, toba, 

wyalTbila, Wala, WeWereqi (WaWaraqi). 

kldis sasoflo sazogadoebaSi Sedioda 19 sofeli: ani, 

boga, giorgiwminda, Ziri (Zira), zeubani, klde, yuraTubani, 

miqelwminda, mugareTi, fersa, sviri, tatanisi, wira, wnisi, Wvinta, 

Coxta, Surdo, eliawminda. awyuris sapolicio ubnis adgilsamyofeli 

sof. awyuri iyo [Кавказский календарь, 1917. ст. 91;]. 

awyuris sapolicio ubans aRmosavleTiT Tbilisis guberniis 

goris mazris borjomis sapolicio ubani esazRvreboda; 

samxreT-aRmosavleTiT _ axalqalaqis mazris baraleTis sapolicio 

ubani; samxreTiT _ axalcixis mazris uravelis sapolicio 

ubani; dasavleTiT _ axalcixis mazris udis sapolicio ubani; 

CrdiloeTiT _ quTaisis guberniis quTaisis mazris baRdadis 

sapolicio ubani da amave guberniis Sorapnis mazris belagoris 

sapolicio ubani, maTgan awyuris sapolicio ubani mesxeTis 

qediT gamoiyofoda. 

qvablianis sapolicio ubani adigenis, varxanis da udis 

sasoflo sazogadoebebad iyofoda. sapolicio ubnis ufrosis 

rezidencia sofel udeSi iyo. 

adigenis sasoflo sazogadoeba 27 sofels moicavda. eseni 

iyo: adigeni, afieTi, arZne, bolajuri, RaRvi, goderZi, gomaro,

RorTubani, gugunauri (es sofeli ,,gurjistanis vilaieTis did 

davTarSi" moxsenebuli ar aris), derceli, zanavi, zarzma, zedubani, 

kexovani, mlaSe, moxe, namniauri (`davTarSi~ aRricxuli 

araa), osieTi (osiZe), flate, sairme, didi smada, patara smada, 

utyusubani (,,davTarSi" sof. ZinZes erT-erT ubnadaa moxsenebuli 

da Semdgom, droTa ganmavlobaSi, damoukidebel soflad 

qceula), wre, cixisubani (,,davTarSi" araa aRniSnuli), WeWla da 

CorCani. 

varxanis sasoflo sazogadoebaSi Sedioda 20 sofeli: abas- 

Tumani, benara (`davTarSi~ aRniSnulia belnaraTi), varxani 

(`davTarSi~ moxsenebuli araa), qiqineTi, naqurdevi, farexa (parexi 

`davTris~ mixedviT, udis nahieSi moxsenebuli zemo farexaa), 

fxero, sabuzara (`davTriT~ sabudara), unwa, xarjami, xevaSeni, 

waxani, waxniswyaro, wyutajvari, Wixeli, CurCuto, Soya (`dav- 

Tris~ mixedvi _ alTunyalas rabaTi), Solaveri, zemo enTeli da 

qvemo enTeli. 

udis sasoflo sazogadoeba Sedgeboda 17 soflisagan: amxeri 

(`davTris~ moxedviT avxeri), arali, gorguli, RorZe, 

zazalo, ijareTi, yarTubani, kaxareTi, lelovani, mareli (`dav- 

Tris~ Sedgenisas ori, zemo da qvemo mareli arsebobda), orjoSani 

(`davTarSi~ qvemo da zemo orjoSania moxsenebuli), samyre, 

ude, xona, xuro, warbasTubani, wyise [Кавказский календарь, 

1917]. 

qvablianis sapolicio ubans aRmosavleTiT axalcixis mazris 

awyuris da uravelis sapolicio ubnebi esazRvreboda, 

samxreTiT _ yarsis olqis artaanis okrugis focxovis sapolicio 

ubani; dasavleTiT _ quTaisis guberniis baTumis okrugis 

zemo aWaris sapolicio ubani; CrdiloeTiT ki _ quTaisis mazris 

baRdadis da ozurgeTis mazris Coxatauris sapolicio ubnebi. 

uravelis sapolicio ubnis centri qalaq axalcixeSi iyo. 

sapolicio ubani vales, lepisis da uravelis sasoflo sazogadoebebad 

iyofoda. 

vales sasoflo sazogadoebaSi gaerTianebuli iyo 14 

sofeli: abi, arjana, aryiscixe, vale, jayismani (Zvelad jayisubani), 

nioxrebi (naoxrebi `davTarSi~ qvemo da zemo nioxrebia), 

orali, didi pamaji, patara pamaji, saZeli, sxvilisi (suflisi s. 

jiqias azriT, armenizebuli formaa), xaki, winubani, Warali 

(`davTarSi~ didi da patara). 

lepisis sasoflo sazogadoeba 28 soflisagan Sedgeboda: 

didi agara, awyvita, alanZia, artaxi, axCia, bezirxana (,,davTarSi” 

araa moxsenebuli), bnela, buzmareTi (,,davTarSi~ sami sofelia: 

zemo, qvemo da Sua), vani, varneTi, gaveTi (`davTarSi” araa aR-

niSnuli), giorgiwminda, dadeSi, daneTi, zeda Tmogvi, qarzameTi, 

kurbala-oRli (es sofeli 1930 wels gamocemul saq. ssr administraciul-teritoriul 

dayofaSi aRar moixseneba), lepisi, niala, 

(`davTarSi~ _ qvemo da zemo), oskoria, fanaqeTi, rokeTi, 

Tmogvi, TolerTa, toloSi, Colda (`davTriT~ _ ColeTi), SaloSeTi 

(`davTarSi~ _ saloSeTi). 

uravelis sasoflo sazogadoeba moicavda 29 sofels: 

patara agara, andriawminda, arjuli, axlaSeni, didi varneTi, 

giorgiwminda, RobieTi (`davTarSi~ araa damowmebuli), Rreli, 

Rrma, engikoi (Turqizebuli forma axalsoflisa, s. jiqias azriT 

engikoi anu qarTulad axalsofeli Zvel qarTul wyaroebSi 

moxsenebuli axtila, axdilaa), zrzveli, kantieTi, kisaTibi, 

musxi, odunda, onRora, orcefi, oxera, saxudabeli, triboni, 

TxalaTubani (araa aRniSnuli arc `davTarSi~, arc saq. ssr administraciul-teritoriul 

dayofaSi), uraveli, xaveTi, xriani 

(`davTris~ dros ukacrielia, rogorc Cans, droTa ganmavlobaSi 

aRdgenila), wyorZa, WobareTi, enTeli, erkota. 

uravelis sapolicio ubans aRmosavleTiT axalqalaqis mazris 

baraleTisa da bogdanovkas sapolicio ubnebi esazRvreboda; 

samxreTiT _ yarsis olqis artaanis okrugis Cildiris sapolicio 

ubani; dasavleTiT _ yarsis olqis artaanis okrugis 

focxovis sapolicio ubnis nawili da axalcixis mazris qvablianis 

sapolicio ubani; CrdiloeTiT _ axalcixis mazris awyuris 

sapolicio ubani. 

sul axalcixis mazraSi iyo 188 sofeli. 1917 wlis monacemebiT. 

mTlianobaSi axalcixis mazras aRmosavleTidan esazRvreboda 

Tbilisis guberniis goris da axalqalaqis mazrebi; 

samxreTiT _ yarsis olqis artaanis okrugi; dasavleTiT _ qu- 

Taisis guberniis baTumis okrugi; CrdiloeTiT _ quTaisis guberniis 

quTaisis mazra. 

rogorc CamoTvlili soflebis saxelebidan Cans, axalcixis 

mazris toponimia `gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTris~ 

Sedgenis Semdeg ar Secvlila. soflebis qarTuli saxelebi 

sicocxlis unarianebi aRmoCndnen. 

axalqalaqis mazra axalcixis mazraze didi iyo. misi far- 

Tobi 2743 kv. kilometrs udrida. axalqalaqis mazra ori 

sapolicio ubnisagan Sedgeboda. baraleTis sapolicio ubnis 

farTobi 1020 kv. kilometri iyo, bogdanovkisa ki _ 1723 kv. km. 

baraleTis sapolicio ubani aragvas, baraleTis, varevanis, 

diliskas, kulikamis da xerTvisis sasoflo sazogadoebebisagan 

Sedgeboda.

aragvas sasoflo sazogadoebaSi iyo 10 sofeli: aragva, 

balxo (`davTarSi~ araa aRniSnuli), buRaSeni (`davTarSi~ araa), 

gomi, zaqi ( zaki; zegani), koTelia, didi samsari, patara samsari, 

trkna (`davTriT~ da qarTuliT _ dirknali), xando. 

baraleTis sasoflo sazogadoebaSi gaerTianebuli iyo 11 

sofeli: agana, alaTubani, balanTa (`davTris~ Sedgenis dros 

gaukacrielebulia), baraleTi, beJano (`davTriT~ da qarTuli 

Sesatyvisi boJano), ixtila (qarTuli formaa _ Rrtila; `dav- 

TarSic~ Rrtilaa aRniSnuli. ixtila Turqizebuli da armenizirebuli 

formaa), kaCio (`davTriT~ da qarTulad kaWio), 

merenia, sirqva (`davTriT~ da qarTulad sirgvi), xumrisi (s. 

jiqia `davTarSi~ aRniSnavs, rom xumrisi amJamad gaukacrielebuliao), 

Wixarula (`davTarSi~ aris Wareli, rac swori araa.). 

varevanis sasoflo sazogadoeba moicavda 10 sofels: 

azavreTi, alastani (`davTarSi~ _ ori sofelia qvemo da zemo 

alastani), burnaSeTi, vargavi, (`davTris~ dros gaukacrielebulia), 

varevani, godolari (`davTarSi~araa), gokia (`kavkazski 

kalendar~-Si mocemulia kokia, rac armenizebuli forma unda 

iyos), lomaturcxi, modega (`davTarSi~ modegani; `davTris~ dros 

mosaxleoba ar aris), turcxi. 

diliskas sasoflo sazogadoebaSi Semavali soflebi iyo: 

afnia, bavra, gogaSeni, gumurdu (armenizebuli formaa; qarTulad 

_ kumurdo), diliska (`davTriT~ da qarTulad _ dilicka), 

prtena, didi xospia (patara xospias sabWoTa xelisuflebis 

damyarebis Semdeg daerqva martuani), Candura (qarTuli 

geografiuli saxelis _ CamZvralas armenizebuli formaa). sul 9 

sofeli. 

kulikamis sasoflo sazogadoebaSi Sedioda 10 sofeli: 

abuli, buzaveti, kartikami, korxi, kulikami, majadia (qarTuli 

maWatias armenizebuli da Turqizebuli formaa. `davTarSi~ didi 

da patara maWatiaa moxseniebuli), olaverdi, orja, (`davTarSi~ 

orjua), ToTxami, xulgumo. 

xerTvisis sasoflo sazogadoebas 15 sofeli ekuTvnoda: 

aljua, anakeTi, vartakani (`davTarSi~ araa), gelsunda, kvarSa, 

qilda, margastani (`davTarSi~ araa), miraSxani, naqalaqevi, saro, 

Toki, xerTvisi, xizabavra, CunCxeli (CunCxa _ Tanamedrove qar- 

TuliT), Sadrevani. 

baraleTis sapolicio ubans aRmosavleTiT esazRvreboda 

Tbilisis guberniis borCalos mazris TrialeTis sapolicio 

ubani da axalqalaqis mazris bogdanovkis sapolicio ubani; es 

ukanaskneli samxreTidanac esazRvreboda; dasavleTiT _ axalcixis 

mazris uravelis sapolicio ubani; CrdiloeTiT _ axal-

cixis mazris awyuris da goris mazris borjomis sapolicio ubnebi. 

baraleTis sapolicio ubnis ufrosis rezidencia sof. 

baraleTSi iyo. 

bogdanovkis sapolicio ubanSi gaerTianebuli iyo Semdegi 

sasoflo sazogadoebebi: vaCianis, ganZis, goreloes, karwaxis, 

konduris, saTxis, spaskoes da eStias. 

vaCianis sasoflo sazogadoebas 5 sofeli ekuTvnoda: 

vaCiani, kulalisi (es SeiZleba `davTarSi~ aRniSnuli kululeTia), 

murjaxeTi (`davTris~ dros sami murjaxeTi iyo: didi, 

Sua da patara), okami, sulda. 

ganZis sasoflo sazogadoebaSi sul 3 sofeli Sedioda: 

ganZa (`davTris~ mixedviT ganZani), foka, saRamo. 

goreloes sasoflo sazogadoeba ki mxolod sofel goreloes 

warmoadgenda. 

karwaxis sasoflo sazogadoebaSi 9 sofeli iyo gaerTianebuli: 

azmana, RarTa, davnia (`davTarSi~ naxsenebi araa), 

dankali, karwaxi (`davTris~ dros oria _ didi da patara karwaxi), 

qarcebi, mrakvali, xaveTi, erinja. 

konduris sasoflo sazogadoebas 7 sofeli Seadgenda: jigraSeni, 

dlivi, didi kondura, patara kondura (`davTarSi~ kondura 

aRniSnuli araa), kuridadeSi (`davTarSi~ _ dadeSi; s. jiqia 

wers: `dadeSi xuTversian da sxva rusul rukebze sof. kondurebsa 

da suldas Sua kuridadeSadaa aRniSnuli, adgilzec 

gamigonia `kuridadeSi~. rodis daerTo am dadeS saxelwodebas es 

kuri elementi, jerjerobiT cnobili ar aris. SesaZlebelia, es 

arabuli `sofeli~ sityvis raRacnairi refleqsi iyos), mamwvara, 

patara xanjali (`davTarSi~ didi da patara xanCali aRricxuli 

ar aris; SesaZlebelia mosaxleoba aq SemdegSi gaCnda da 

soflebma saxeli tba xanCalisagan \xanjali\ miiRes). 

saTxis sasoflo sazogadoebis soflebia: didi araqali, 

patara araqali (`davTris~ dros es soflebi ukve dacarielebulia; 

Semdeg, XIX s-is 30-ian wlebSi am nasoflarebSi arzrumidan 

gadmosaxlebuli somxebi dasaxldnen), orojua (orjalar _ 

Turqizebuli formaa, rac imiTaa gamowveuli, rom axalqalaqis 

livas akSehiris nahieSi qvemo da zemo orja soflebi iyo, romelTac 

Semdeg orjalari ewodaT, lar-mravlobiTis mawarmoebeli 

sufiqsis darTviT), patkana (`davTarSi~ _ patkanani), 

saTxa (`davTarSi~ aRnusxuli araa), didi xanjali, xojabeki (s. 

jiqia `davTarSi~ xojabeks da bogdanovkas erTsa da imave 

sofels uwodebs. 1906 da 1917 wlis `kavkasiis kalendris~ monacemebiT 

ki eseni sxvadasxva soflebia. miT umetes, rom xojabekis

mosaxleobas 749 somexi Seadgens da bogdanovkisas ki _ 389 rusi 

da 9 somexi). sul 7 sofeli. 

spaskoes sasoflo sazogadoeba 8 sofels moicavda: bogdanovka, 

vladimirovka, efremovka, orlovka, rodionovka, spaskoe, 

tambovka, troickoe. es e.w. duxoborie iyo. am soflebSi cxovrobdnen 

ZiriTadad 1841_45 wlebSi gadmosaxlebuli duxoborebi. 

eStias sasoflo sazogadoebaSi 6 sofeli Sedioda: yaurma, 

TaxCa (`davTarSi~ aRniSnuli araa), Toria (1847 wels ukacrielia; 

1887 wels ki ukve 45-komliania; `davTrisas~ _ 12 komliania), 

ujmana, xorenia (Zvelad mas jvarina erqva. `davTarSi~ mocemulia 

arasworad da ikiTxeba xoreniad, rac XIX s-is 30-ian wlebSi 

gadmosaxlebuli somxebisaTvis ufro misaRebi forma iyo), eStio. 

bogdanovkis sapolicio ubans aRmosavleTiT esazRvreboda 

Tbilisis guberniis borCalos mazris aleqsandergilfis (TrialeTis) 

sapolicio ubani; samxreTiT _ erevnis guberniis 

aleqsandropolis mazra da yarsis olqis yarsis okrugis 

aRbabis sapolicio ubani; dasavleTiT _ yarsis olqis artaanis 

okrugis Cildiris (Crdili) sapolicio ubani da axalcixis mazris 

uravelis sapolicio ubani; CrdiloeTiT _ axalqalaqis mazris 

baraleTis sapolicio ubani. sul axalqalaqis mazraSi 111 

sofeli iyo. 

rogorc axalcixis mazraSi, ise aqac toponimia ZiriTadad 

qarTulia. Tu Cven mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im istoriulpolitikur 

Zvrebs, romlebic samcxe-saaTabagom ganicada gansakuTrebiT 

osmalTa Semosevis droidan, rasac Semdgom somexTa 

didi gadmosaxleba mohyva XIX s-is 30-iani wlebidan, gasagebi 

gaxdeba Tu rogori sirTuleebiT moaRwia Cvenamde qarTuli 

soflebis qarTulma saxelebma. aRsaniSnavia, rom samcxesaaTabagoSi 

osmalTa gabatonebis Semdeg bevri qarTuli 

geografiuli saxeli iTargmna Turqulad, xolo umravlesoba am 

saxelebisa gaTurqebul iqna fonetikurad, amas daemata Semdgom 

am saxelebis armenizeba. magram miuxedavad amisa, umravlesoba 

saxelebisa mainc qarTuli darCa. 

aRniSnuli periodis administraciul danawilebas Tu SevudarebT 

`gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTris~ periods, davinaxavT, 

rom ruseTis mmarTvelobis periodSi moxda wvrili administraciuli 

erTeulebis gamsxvileba. es albaT imiT iyo gamowveuli, 

rom muhajirobis Sedegad samxreT saqarTveloSi 

mosaxleoba Semcirebuli iyo da osmaluri nebismieri teritoriuli 

erTeuli ruseTis yvelaze ufro mcire mazrasac ki ver 

Seedreboda mosaxleobis raodenobiTa da sididiT.

samxreT saqarTveloSi anu samcxe-saaTabagoSi vaxuStis 

mixedviT Semdegi mcire da didi qalaqebi iyo: awyuri _ `qalaqi 

da cixe didSeni~, axalcixe, gokia _ `mcire qalaqi~, `baraleTi 

mcire qalaqi~, axalqalaqi, `mcire qalaqi kola~, òlTisi qalaqi 

kargi da keTili haerovani~ da sxv. [qarTlis cxovreba, IV, s. 

yauxCiSvilis red., Tb., 1973]. 

aRniSnuli periodisaTvis yvelaze umniSvnelovanesi qalaqi 

axalcixe iyo. 1828 wels axalcixis alyasTan gadaRebuli gegmis 

mixedviT S. mesxia kargad adgens axalcixis ier-saxes. 

gegmis mixedviT q. axalcixe gaSenebulia md. focxovis marjvena, 

wylisken daqanebul gorakebze. axalcixe gegmis Semdgenels 

sam nawilad aqvs dayofili: 1. citadeli, 2. cixe da 3. 

qalaqi. 

citadeli md. focxovis erTi totis marjvena, yvelaze 

maRal napirzea gaSenebuli. mas sakuTari kedlebi aqvs. citadelis 

qvemoT, aseve SedarebiT maRal gorakzea moTavsebuli cixe. 

cixis teritoria gacilebiT didia, vidre citadelisa da Tavisi 

kedliT, romelic mdinaris napiramde Cadis, citadels erT 

saerTo, kedlebiT SemosazRvrul teritoriaSi aqcevs. ase rom, 

cixe Tavisi kedlebiTaa warmodgenili. amas garda, citadelsa da 

cixes kidev mesame kedeli, koSkebiT gamagrebuli, icavs. es mesame 

kedeli gasdevs mTis kalTebs da uvlis irgvliv cixis nagebobebs. 

es faqtiurad mesame kedelia, romliTac cixe-simagre 

daculi iyo qalaqis mxridan. axalcixis mSeneblebs es mesame 

kedelic sakmarisad ar miuCneviaT, qalaqi da cixe-simagre kidev 

meoTxe kedliTac gaumagrebiaT. 

citadels da cixes mdinarisaken gasasvleli ar aqvs. aqedan 

igi savsebiT miuvali Cans. samagierod, cixe-simagre CrdiloeTiT 

erTaderTi kariT uerTdeba qalaqs. es kari gakeTebulia qalaqis 

TiTqmis Sua adgilze. 

axalcixis qalaqi gadaSlilia ferdobis SedarebiT vake da 

daqanebul kalTebze, cixe-simagris win, mis marjvniv da marcxniv, 

naxevarwris msgavsad, CrdiloeTiT, Crdilo-dasavleTiTa da 

Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. qalaqi, cixisagan damoukideblad, er- 

TaderTi xidiT md. focxovze dakavSirebulia mis marcxena 

napirTan da aqedan Semomaval gzebTan. md. focxovis marcxena 

napirze, axalcixis pirdapir, mosaxleoba ar Cans [S. mesxia, 

saistorio Ziebani, III, Tb., 1986. gv. 311-312]. 

gegmiT marjvena napiri sinamdvileSi, mdinaresTan mimarTebiT, 

marcxenaa da marcxena _ marjvena.

ase, rom md. focxovis marjvena napiri, romelic 1828 wlisaTvis 

dausaxlebeli iyo, 1829 wels arzrumidan gadmosaxlebulma 

somxebma daikaves. 

1889 wlisaTvis ki, rogorc axalcixis saqalaqo skolis maswavlebeli 

v. ivanovi aRwers, axalcixe ukve or nawilad iyofa. 

Zveli – Zveli axalcixe, romelic rusebis dapyrobamde iyo da 

axali – gvian dasaxlebuli anu md. focxovis marjvena napiri. 

axalcixe iyofoda Semdeg ubnebad: rabaTi _ ebraelTa ubani 

(kvartali), ori muSaTa ubani, baxCa-sarai, zemo da qvemo marda, 

veri-blani da axali nawili. 

`mTlianad qalaqSi 3250 Senoba-nageboba iyo, maTgan 2515 

sacxovrebeli. saxlebi ZiriTadad qviT iyo naSeni. Zveli Senobebis 

(rac umravlesoba iyo) gansakuTrebuli niSani iyo quCis 

mxares fanjrebis ar arseboba. fanjrebi ZiriTadad ezos mxares 

iyo. umetesoba saxlebisa erTsarTuliani da baniani iyo 

[СМОМПК, VII, Тфл., 1889. ст. 164-165]. 

gansxvaveba qalaqis Zvelsa da axal nawils Soris didi iyo. 

Zvel nawilSi mosaxleoba yovelgvari gegmis gareSe saxldeboda, 

rac iwvevda did uwesrigobas. quCebi usufTao da mouvleli iyo. 

gansakuTrebiT autaneli mdgomareoba iqmneboda wvimebis dros, 

roca quCebSi saSineli talaxi Cndeboda. qalaqis Zvel nawilSi 

Raribi xalxi cxovrobda, romelTa ricxvs ZiriTadad qarTveli 

marTlmadideblebi da kaTolikeebi, ebraelebi da mcired, somexigrigorianelebi 

Seadgendnen [СМОМПК, VII, Тфл., 1889. ст.164. Загурский 

Л. Краткий очерк о поездке в Ахалихский уезд в 1872 году, ИКО- 

ИРГО, т.II, Тфл., 1894. cт. 54]. 

qalaqis axal nawilSi erzerumidan gadmosaxlebuli somxebi 

cxovrobdnen. maT xelSi iyo axalcixis vaWroba da sakmaod 

SeZlebulebic iyvnen. es ki TavisTavad axali nawilis ierzec 

metyvelebda. quCebi swori da movlili iyo, Senobebi lamazi, garemo 

amwvanebuli, rac mTlianobaSi qalaqis am nawils patara, 

magram lamazi qalaqis saxes aZlevda. aq mosaxle somxebma axalcixisaTvis 

saxelis gadarqmeva da misTvis nor-erzerumis 

darqmeva moindomes, rac Cvenda sabednierod ver ganaxorcieles 

[СМОМПК, VII, Тфл., 1889. ст.166]. 

mTlianad qalaqSi 20 quCa iyo. maT Soris ZiriTadi iyo milionis 

quCa. axalcixeSi 12 eklesia iyo: 2 marTlmadidebluri, 4 

somxur-grigorianuli, 2 romis kaTolikuri da 4 somxurkaTolikuri. 

aseve 2 sinagoga [СМОМПК, VII, Тфл., 1889. ст.167]. 

mniSvnelovani dasaxlebuli punqtebi iyo aseve: axalqalaqi, 

awyuri, xerTvisi. ruseTis mier dapyrobis Semdeg am

qalaqebis mosaxleoba Zalian Semcirda, ekonomikurad daqveiTda 

da Zveli mniSvneloba dakarga. 

saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg, 

samcxe-javaxeTi 6463,7 kv,km Seadgens da eqvs administraciul 

raionadaa dayofili. es raionebia: borjomis, axalcixis, adigenis, 

aspinZis, axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis (adrindeli bogdanovka). 

eka abaSiSvili

saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati

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