xelovneba

ana kldiaSvili nino RaRaniZe Tamar jayeli
xelovneba
saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba
VIII klasi
maswavleblis wigni

ana kldiaSvili, nino RaRaniZe, Tamar jayeli
xelovneba
saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba
VIII klasi
maswavleblis wigni
redaqtori nana kupraSvili
Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro
akademiis profesori,
xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori
© gamomcemloba `klio~ 20?12
© a. kldiaSvili, n. RaRaniZe, T. jayeli 2012
yvela ufleba daculia
gr ifis m i n iWeb is we li _ 2012
ISBN 978-994-415-????
Ana Kldiashvili, Nino Gaganidze, Tamar Jakeli
ART
8 th GRADE TEACHER’S BOOK
gamomcemloba `klio~
aRmaSeneblis gamz. #181, Tbilisi, 0112, saqarTvelo
tel.: (+995 32) 234 04 30
E-mail: book@klio.ge
www.klio.ge

maswavleblis wignis Sinaarsi
I. Sesavali . . . . . . . . 7
II. saxelmZRvanelos struqtura (komentarebi moswavlis wignis
TiToeuli struqturuli elementis Sesaxeb) . . . 7
III. me-8 klasis standarti saxviT da gamoyenebiT
xelovnebaSi . . . . . . . . 9
IV. saxelmZRvanelos Sesabamisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan 13
V. gakveTilis dagegmvis zogadi principebi . . . 18
VI. rekomendebuli Sefaseba saxviT da gamoyenebiT
xelovnebaSi . . . . . . . . 19
VII. SeniSvnebi maswavleblis wignTan dakavSirebiT . . 22
VII I. moswavlis wignis Sinaarsi . . . . . 22
IX. gakveTilebis savaraudo scenarebi . . . . 23

10. sivrcis asaxvis xelovneba
mizani: moswavle gaecnos saxviTi xelovnebis
erT-erT saxeobas _ monumentur mxatvrobas, mis
Taviseburebebs, sxvadasxva epoqis (renesansis,
barokos da Tanamedrove) am saxeobis nimuSebs, maT
epoqalur niSnebs; SeZlos msjeloba maT Sesaxeb
da maTi Taviseburebebis gaanalizeba.
aqtivoba da drois ganawileba: 1. informaciis
miwodeba, interaqtivi _ 15 wT. 2. Mmsjeloba, analizi
_ 15 wT.; 3. informaciis miwodeba, namuSevrebis
analizi _ 15 wT.
muSaobis forma: individualuri, jgufebad.
resursi: saxelmZRvanelo, CD.
Sefaseba: msjelobis da analizis unari, diskusiaSi
monawileobis, argumentirebuli msjelobis
unari.
Sedegi: Sedegi: VIII.7. • msjelobs naxatSi gamosaxuli
obieqtebis kompoziciur ganawilebaze;
• afasebs namuSevars masSi gamoyenebuli
mxatvruli xerxebis mixedviT;
• msjelobs xelovnebis nimuSis Janrze,
Temaze, masalaze, teqnikaze;
• msjelobs xelovnebis nimuSis koloritze;
• amoicnobs xelovnebis nimuSis
epoqalur niSnebs;
• adarebs erTmaneTs sxvadasxva xelovnebis
nimuSs, saubrobs romeli ufro moswons da
asabuTebs, ratom aZlevs mas upiratesobas.
VIII.8. • adarebs erTmaneTs sxvadasxva kulturis
xelovnebis nimuSebs: Tematikis, stilis, kompoziciuri
wyobis, koloritis mixedviT;
• asaxelebs konkretuli kulturis ramdenime
maxasiaTebels, romlebic asaxulia namuSevarSi
(samosi, arqiteqtura, WurWeli, aveji
da sxv.);
• msjelobs, ra gaigo ama Tu im eris Sesaxeb
misi xelovnebis nimuSebis gacnobiT.
VIII.10. • adarebs erTmaneTs sxvadasxva epoqisa
da kulturis xelovnebis nimuSebs da msjelobs
maT saerTo da ganmasxvavebel niSnebze;
• adarebs erTmaneTs realistur da pirobiT
gamosaxulebebs;
• msjelobs, Tu rogor icvleboda saxvi-
Ti xelovneba (Tematika, stili, teqnologia,
procedura) drosTan erTad;
VIII.11. • moswavle miakuTvnebs xelovnebis nimuSs
konkretul epoqasa Tu kulturas da asabu-
Tebs Tavis mosazrebas;
• moswavle xelovnebis nimuSs ganixilavs
istoriuli, religiuri, ekonomikuri, Tu
politikuri kuTxiT;
• moswavle msjelobs, Tu rogor aisaxa
sxvadasxva konteqsti (istoriuli, religiuri,
ekonomikuri Tu politikuri) xelovnebis
nimuSis mxatvrul mxareze.
VIII.12. • msjelobs qarTuli kedlis mxatvrobis
ramdenime cnobil nimuSze;
gakveTilis msvleloba
aqtivoba I
maswavlebeli ganmartavs gakveTilis mizans da
saubrobs imis Taobaze, rom monumenturi mxatvrobis
tradicia Sua saukuneebis Semdegac gagrZelda
renesansis, barokos da yvela momdevno epoqaSi XX
saukunis xelovnebis CaTvliT.
Semdeg igi acnobs klass gakveTilis pirvel qve-
Tavs, uyveba monumenturi mxatvrobis Sesaxeb renesansis
epoqaSi. acnobs da warudgens klass jotosa
da rafaelis monumenturi mxatvrobis nimuSebs da
svams interaqtivis SekiTxvebs.
p.i.k. 1. 2 am namuSevrebis aRwerisas maT yurad-
Reba unda gaamaxvilon imaze, rom figurebisa da
arqiteqturis proporciuli Sefardeba gansxvavebulia.
jotosTan figurebi didi zomisaa da
arqiteqturasTan maTi proporciuli Sefardeba
ararealuria, maSin rodesac rafaelis freskaze
es Sefardeba sruliad realuri da bunebrivia.
3. moswavleebma freskis aRwerisas unda gaamaxvilon
yuradReba sivrcis STabeWdilebaze,
maT is elementebi unda CamoTvalon, romlebi-
Tac miRweulia sivrcis iluzia freskaze – kibe,
perspeqtivis kanonebis dacviT gamosaxuli svetebi,
TaRebi da a. S.
4. TavSeyris wertilis sapovnelad, moswavleebma
unda gaagrZelon arqiteqturuli elementebis
urTierTparaleluri xazebi, ris Sedegadac
TavSeyris wertili centraluri figurebis _
platonisa da aristoteles Tavs zemoT iqneba.
aqtivoba II
Semdgom maswavlebeli moswavleebs warudgens
barokos epoqis monumenturi mxatvrobis
ilustracias da acnobs epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
erT Taviseburebas – sivrcis iluzia iqmneba
ara mxolod kedlebze, aramed sasaxleTa Tu ta-
ZarTa gumbaTebsa da plafonebze. maswavlebeli
ganmartavs termins – plafoni (ix. ganmartebani)
da svams interaqtivis SekiTxvas.
p.i.k. 5. moswavlebs, SesaZloa, gauWirdeT sivrcobrivi
da realuri arqiteqturuli elementebis
diferencireba. maswavlebelma unda ganmartos,
rom plafonis nebismieri detali ostaturad aris
daxatuli perspeqtivis kanonebis zusti dacviT,
rac kidev erTxel mowmobs, ra survili amoZravebdaT
barokos epoqis mxatvrebs, rodesac masSta-

uri mxatvruli panoebiT amkobdnen sxvadasxva
tipis nagebobebs.
moswavleebi ecnobian gakveTilis masame paragrafs,
sakuTar STabeWdilebas adareben wakiTxul
informacias. SesaZlebelia, maswavlebelma Seamowmos
gakveTilze miRebuli codnis aTvisebis
xarisxi da dausvas kiTxva – moswavleTa azriT, ratom
aris gamoyofili specialuri adgili taZris
centrSi da SesaZlebelia Tu ara sivrcis efeqtis
SegrZneba taZris sxva wertilidan? moswavleebis
pasuxebSi unda Candes, rom isini xvdebian, raoden
mniSvnelovani iyo barokos ostatebisTvis monumenturi
ferweris nimuSebSi sibrtyis „garRveva”,
xolo centrSi mdgomi adamiani uSualod „zecis“
(daxatuli cis kabadonis) qveS aRmoCndeboda da
datkbeboda am mxatvruli efeqtiT.
aqtivoba III
Semdgom gakveTili grZeldeba XX saukunis monumenturi
xelovnebis nimuSis, mark Sagalis mier
moxatuli parizis operis plafonis demonstrirebiT.
aq moswavleebs eZlevaT imis saSualeba, rom
damoukideblad gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi.
gakveTili isea agebuli, rom am nawilSi dasmul
interaqtivis SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema moswavleebis
mier gakveTilis msvlelobisas SeZenili
codnis gamoyenebas moiTxovs.
p.i.k. 6,7 moswavleTa pasuxebSi unda gamoCndes,
rom XX saukunis moxatuloba aSkarad sibrtyobrivia.
aq ostats sruliad ar dausaxavs miznad
operis plafonis sibrtyis gadalaxva, misi `gar-
Rveva~ da cis iluziis Seqmna. piriqiT, igi qmnis
dekoratiul kompozicias, romlis personaJebi
zRapruli samyaros binadarT ufro gvanan, vidre
realur, xorciel arsebebs da warmodgenili arian
aseTsave pirobiT garemoSi.

14. rogor gadmovceT
ganwyobileba?
mizani: moswavles gamovumuSavoT ganwyobilebebis,
ideebisa da emociebis gamosaxatavad
Temis SerCevisa da am Temis Sesabamisi sxvadasxva
xerxis, masalisa da mravalferovani teqnikis SemoqmedebiTad
gamoyenebis unari; ganvuviTaroT
saprezentacio unarebi.
aqtivoba da drois ganawileba: 1. savarjiSo
(namuSevrebis aRwera-dasaTaureba) _ 10 wT.; 2.
praqtikuli samuSao _ 25 wT.; 3. prezentacia _
10 wT.
muSaobis forma: individualuri.
resursi: saxelmZRvanelo, formatebi wylis
saRebavisTvis, guaSis saRebavebi, funjebi, wylis
WurWeli, Rrubeli, kbilis jagrisi, muyaos naWrebi,
palitra an plastmasis TefSi saRebavebis
mosamzadeblad,
Sefaseba: ganwyobilebis, Canafiqris, ideebisa
da emociebis gamosaxatavad SerCeuli Sesabamisi
masalis, teqnikis, xerxebis gamoyenebis unari; sakuTari
namuSevris wardgenis unari.
Sedegi: VIII.1. • iyenebs feriadacias, sxvadasxva
tonalobas namuSevarSi moculobis, sivrcidmosacemad;
• mizanmimarTulad iyenebs kontrastul da
monaTesave ferebs;
• iyenebs efeqtebs asociaciebisa da grZnobebidmosacemad.
VIII.2. • Sereuli teqnikiT qmniafikul da ferwerul
namuSevrebs;
• irCevs Tematikas, teqnikas, Sesabamis gamomsaxvelobiT
xerxebs da masalanwyobilebidmosacemad;
VIII.3. • akvirdeba da asaxavs namuSevarSi, Tu
rogor icvleba imosaxuleba damkvirveblisgan
daSorebis mixedviT;
• gamosaxavs saxasiaTo detalebs peizaJis,
portretis da naturmortis xatvis dros;
• iyenebs sxvadasxva gamomsaxvelobiT xerxs
(Suq-Crdili, feri, kompoziciuri ganawileba, sxvadasxvagvari
monasmi) namuSevarSi bunebis movlenebidmosacemad;
VIII.4. • gadmoscemZnobebiTa da emociebiT gamowveul
asociaciebs, STabeWdilebebs da ideebs
namuSevarSi
• iyenebs sxvadasxva kulturisa da periodis
SemoqmedTa namuSevrebs, rogorc wyaros sakuTari
namuSevris Sesaqmnelad.
daakvirdnen iq warmodgenil nimuSebs, aRweron
namuSevrebi da Tavisi STabeWdilebidan gamomdinare
daasaTauron isini. am savarjiSos Sesrulebis
Semdeg maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, Seqmnan
namuSevari, Tavad SearCion Tema, romliTac
maT SeeZlebaT Tavisi ideebis, ganwyobilebebisa
da emociebis gadmocema.
aqtivoba II
praqtikuli samuSaos dawyebamde moswavleebs
merxebze momzadebuli unda hqondeT saWiro
masala praqtikuli samuSaos Sesasruleblad.
maswavlebeli axsenebs moswavleebs, rom Tavdapirvelad
moswavleebma unda SearCion Tema da
ubralo fanqriT mkrTalad moxazon gamosaxulebebi.
sxvadasxva tipis _ wriuli, vertikaluri,
horizontaluri da diagonaluri monasmebis
gamoyenebiT, aseve, ferebis SerCeviT gadmoscen
ganwyobileba da emociebi. gamoiyenon mravalferovani
teqnika da masala. maswavlebeli sTxovs
moswavleebs,PmuSaobis dros gaiTvaliswinon rom:
1. saRebaviT muSaobis dawyebamde palitraze
SearCion saRebavebi da mosinjon sacdel furcelze.
2. monasmebis Sesrulება, funjis garda, SeuZliaT
TiTebiT, Rrublis an sxvadasxva zomis muyaos
gamoyenebiT.
4. moswavleebs SeuZliaT sxva masalac gamoiyenon
muSaobisas (mag., pasteli saRebavebis gaSrobis
Semdeg, naxSiri da sxva).
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, maqsimalurad
gamoiyenon praqtikuli samuSaosTvis gankuTvnili
dro.
aqtivoba III
namuSevris dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi
gamofenen sakuTar namuSevrebs da waradgenen
klasis winaSe. maT unda isaubron, rogori ganwyobilebis
gadmocema surdaT sakuTar namuSevarSi
da romeli xerxebi, ra masala gamoiyenes
amisaTvis. SesaZlebelia, moswavleebma gamoTqvan
mosazrebebi (koreqtuli formiT) TanaklaselTa
namuSevrebis Sesaxebac.
gakveTilis msvleloba
aqtivoba I
maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs saubriT imis
Sesaxeb, rom mxatvrebi sxvadasxva xerxiT, ferebiT,
teqnikiTa da masaliT gadmoscemen ideebs,
ganwyobilebasa da emociebs. maswavlebeli moswavleebs
sTxovs, gadaSalon saxelmZRvanelo da

28. ras gveubneba portreti
mizani: moswavles gamovumuSaoT xelovnebis
nawarmoebis aRweris, misi calkeuli elementebis
gaanalizebisa da prezentaciis unari.
aqtivoba da drois organizeba: 1. saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemuli nimuSebis gacnoba, davalebis
da rCevebis micema _ 5 wT.; 2. praqtikuli samuSao
_ 25 wT.; 3. prezentacia _ 15 wT.
muSaobis forma: jgufuri
resursi: saxelmZRvanelo, CD, formatebi, feradi
flomasterebi da Wikartebi.
Sefaseba: xelovnebis nimuSis aRwera, calkeuli
elemntebis gaanalizeba, prezentacia.
Sedegi: s.g.VIII.7. • msjelobs naxatSi gamosaxuli
obieqtebis kompoziciur ganawilebaze;
• afasebs namuSevars masSi gamoyenebuli
mxatvruli xerxebis mixedviT;
• msjelobs xelovnebis nimuSis Janrze, Temaze,
masalaze, teqnikaze;
• msjelobs xelovnebis nimuSis koloritze;
• amoicnobs xelovnebis nimuSis epoqalur
niSnebs;
• adarebs erTmaneTs sxvadasxva xelovnebis
nimuSs, saubrobs romeli ufro moswons da asabu-
Tebs, ratom aZlevs mas upiratesobas.
s.g.VIII.11. • moswavle miakuTvnebs xelovnebis
nimuSs konkretul epoqasa Tu kulturas da asabuTebs
Tavis mosazrebas;
• moswavle xelovnebis nimuSs ganixilavs istoriuli,
religiuri, ekonomikuri, Tu politikuri
kuTxiT;
• moswavle msjelobs, Tu rogor aisaxa sxvadasxva
konteqsti (istoriuli, religiuri, ekonomikuri
Tu politikuri) xelovnebis nimuSis mxatvrul
mxareze.
aqtivoba II
saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili oTxi portreti
gangeb aris mocemuli saxelwodebis, avtoris,
TariRis, qveynis miTiTebis gareSe. praqtikul
gakveTilze jgufebad dayofil moswavleebs
eZlevaT davaleba, SearCion am gakveTilSi warmodgenili
oTxidan romelime erTi portreti da
moemzadon misi prezentaciisaTvis.
saxelmZvaneloSi mocemulia sqema, romlis
mixedviTac moswavleTa jgufi moamzadebs portretis
prezentacias. Tu sqemiT gaTvaliswinebuli
sakiTxebis garda moswavleebi sxva, damatebiTi
informaciis amokiTxvas SeZleben, isini Tavadve
Seavseben sqemas.
maswavlebelma Tvalyuri unda adevnos jgufebis
muSaobas da mzadebas prezentaciisaTvis,
SesaZlebelia, man erTgvari konsultaciac ki
gauwios maT.
aqtivoba III
prezentaciis dros maswavlebelma gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba unda miaqcios erTi mxriv
Tavad arCeuli portretis zust daxasiaTebas,
meore mxriv ki imas, Tu ramdenad SeZleben moswavleebi
epoqis, konkretuli kulturis amocnobas.
amgvarad, warmatebuli iqneba swored im jgufis
prezentacia, romelic yovelmxriv srulyofilad
warmoadgens namuSevars.
gakveTilis msvleloba
aqtivoba I
maswavlebeli esaubreba moswavleebs da aCvenebs
maT sxvadasxva epoqaSi Seqmnil portretebs.
moswavleebi ixseneben sxvadasxva masalas, romelsac
gamoiyeneben qandakebis Sesaqmnelad da
msjeloben TiToeuli maTganis damaxasiaTebel
niSnebze.
gakveTilis teqstidan moswavleebi Seityoben,
ra informacias gvawvdis portreti adamianis
Sesaxeb, risi gageba SegviZlia misi meSveobiT
aramarto Tavad adamianis, aramed epoqis, qveynis,
kulturis da sxv. Sesaxeb.

36. wignis istoriidan
mizani: moswavles gavacnoT wignis istoria,
misi uZvelesi formebi, sxvadasxva kulturaSi
gavrcelebuli wignis Taviseburebani; ganvuviTaroT
xelovnebis nawarmoebis istoriul
da religiur konteqstSi gaazrebis unari; ganvumtkicoT
saklaso diskusiaSi monawileobis
da sakuTari poziciis naTlad Camoyalibebis
unar-Cveva.
Sefaseba: Teoriuli codnis aTvisebis,
mxatvruli nawarmoebis sxvadasxva konteqstSi
ganxilvis, diskusiis warmarTvis unarebi
aqtivoba da drois organizeba: 1. saubari,
Teoriuli informaciis gacnoba _ 10 wT. 2.
msjeloba klasSi, Teoriuli da vizualuri
informaciis gacnoba _ 10 wT. 3. I interaqtivi,
mxatvruli nawarmoebis analizi _ 10 wT. 4.informacia
Sua saukuneebis ostatTa Sesaxeb _ 5
wT. 5. saklaso diskusia, II interaqtivi _ 10 wT.
resursi: saxelmZRvanelo, CD.
muSaobis forma: individualuri, wyvilebSi
Sedegi: s.g.VIII.7. • msjelobs naxatSi gamosaxuli
obieqtebis kompoziciur ganawilebaze;
• afasebs namuSevars masSi gamoyenebuli
mxatvruli xerxebis mixedviT;
• msjelobs xelovnebis nimuSis Janrze,
Temaze, masalaze, teqnikaze;
• msjelobs xelovnebis nimuSis koloritze;
• amoicnobs xelovnebis nimuSis epoqalur
niSnebs;
s.g.VIII.8. • asaxelebs konkretuli kulturis
ramdenime maxasiaTebels, romlebic
asaxulia namuSevarSi (samosi, arqiteqtura,
WurWeli, aveji da sxv.);
• msjelobs, ra gaigo ama Tu im eris Sesaxeb
misi xelovnebis nimuSebis gacnobiT.
s.g.VIII.10. • adarebs erTmaneTs erTi kulturis
cnobil Zeglebs.
s.g.VIII.11. • moswavle miakuTvnebs xelovnebis
nimuSs konkretul epoqasa Tu kulturas
da asabuTebs Tavis mosazrebas;
• moswavle xelovnebis nimuSs ganixilavs
istoriuli, religiuri, ekonomikuri, Tu politikuri
kuTxiT;
• moswavle msjelobs, Tu rogor aisaxa
sxvadasxva konteqsti (istoriuli, religiuri,
ekonomikuri Tu politikuri) xelovnebis nimu-
Sis mxatvrul mxareze.
s.g.VIII.12. • agrovebs informacias misTvis
saintereso istoriuli periodis qarTuli
xelovnebis Zeglebze da acnobs Tanaklaselebs
moxsenebis da TvalsaCino masalis saxiT;
• agrovebs informacias misTvis saintereso
xelovnebis dargis (minanqari, oqromWedloba,
Weduroba, xatwera da sxv.) ramdenime
nimuSis Sesaxeb da acnobs Tanaklaselebs moxsenebis
da TvalsaCino masalis saxiT;
s.g.VIII.13. • moiZiebs masalas romelime
cnobili Semoqmedis cxovrebasTan an mis konkretul
nawarmoebebTan dakavSirebiT da msjelobs,
ra gavlena iqonia sazogadoebis cxovrebaze.
gakveTilis msvleloba
aqtivoba I
maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs wignis
istorias. uyveba wignis uZvelesi formebis
_ gragnilisa da kodeqsis Sesaxeb, acnobs maTi
Seqmnis teqnologias. saubrobs papirusis,
pergamentis, qaRaldis Sesaxeb, maTi Taviseburebebis
Sesaxeb. yuradReba maxvildeba
imaze, Tu sxvadasxva epoqasa da kulturaSi
rogori gansxvavebuli forma hqonda wigns.
sasurvelia, saubari Seexos uZvelesi wignebis
daculobas, imas, Tu rogoria am TvalsazrisiT
masala, romelsac wignis ydad iyenebdnen.
moswavleebi gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebebs
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
aqtivoba II
gakveTilis Semdeg monakveTSi maswavlebeli
acnobs informacias qarTuli xelnaweri
wignebis Sesaxeb. sasurvelia, aucilebeli
teqnikuri aRWurvilobis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi
(kompiuteri da interneti) maswavlebelma
daaTvalierebinos moswavleebs xelnawerTa
erovnuli centris vebgverdi - www. manuscript.
ge, sadac Sua saukuneebis qarTuli xelnawerebis
Sesaxeb vrceli da TvalsaCino informaciaa
ganTavsebuli.
aqtivoba III
interaqtivis SekiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad
moswavleebma unda gaiazron informacia
maxareblebis Sesaxeb.
p.i.k. 1.saxarebis qarTu li saxeli oTxTavi
oTx maxarebelze mianiSnebs.

2. moqvis saxarebis miniaturis analizisas
moswavleebma unda aRweron gamosaxuleba,
daaxasiaTon maxareblis figura, poza, kompoziciuri
wyoba. yuradReba unda gamaxvildes
Sua saukuneebis xelovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
pirobiTi mxatvruli enis Taviseburebebze.
koloritis aRwerisas mniSvnelovani
faqtori iqneba oqrosferi, rogorc miRmieri
samyaros simbolo.
aqtivoba IV
moswavleebi damoukideblad ecnobian
informacias qarTul oTxTavebSi daculi
minawerebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gadamwerTa
erTgvar anderZs warmoadgens da maT suliskveTebas
mkafiod warmoaCens.
p.i.k. 1,2,3. rogorc cnobilia, Sua saukuneebis
qristianuli xelovneba maradiuli
Rirebulebebis damkvidrebasa da qadagebazea
orientirebuli. amitomac, Sua saukuneebis
ostats naklebad ainteresebs sakuTari Tavis
an Rvawlis warmoCena, raTa am qveynad daimkvidros
saxeli. misTvis gacilebiT mniSvnelovania
pirnaTeli warsdges sicocxlis bolos
uflis winaSe, datovos ara sakuTari saxeli,
aramed saqme, romelsac is WeSmarit RmerTs da
sarwmunoebas uZRvnis. Tanamedrove xelovan-
Ta miswrafebebi kardinalurad gansxvavdeba.
dRes amqveynad saxelis da, maSasadame, simdidris
moxveWa upirvelesi sazrunavia. am miznis
misaRwevad adamianebi araTu sakuTar namuSevars
uweven popularizacias, aramed sruliad
moulodnel, xSir SemTxvevaSi, zneobisa
da eTikisagan Zalze Sors mdgar saqcielsac
ar eridebian, raTa daamaxsovron Tavi sazogadoebas,
aiZulon mayurebeli gamoarCios
isini masidan. es, maTi azriT, im materialuri
simdidris moxveWis aucilebeli pirobaa, romelsac
adamianebis sakmaod didi nawili sxva
RirebulebebTan SedarebiT, upiratesobas
aniWebs.
diskusiis mizania, misces moswavleebs saku-
Tari azris naTlad Camoyalibebis saSualeba,
miaCvios isini mowinaaRmdegis gansxvavebuli
azris mosmenis, polemikis warmarTvis meTodebs.
maswavlebeli Tvalyurs adevnebs diskusias,
koreqtulad warmarTavs mas.
gakveTilis dasasruls maswavlebeli
ac nobs moswavleebs davalebas, sTavazobs
gaiazron, ratom aris wigni maradiuli, rogor
inaxavs is saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi dagrovil
informacias
sasurvelia, maswavlebelma SesTavazos
moswavleebs gaaanalizon informaciis Senaxvisa
da gadacemis romeli axali saSualebebi
arsebobs dRes, gauwevs Tu ara wigni maT konkurencias.
aqtivoba V
klasSi imarTeba diskusia, romlis msvlelobis
drosac maswavlebeli wyvilebad
yofs moswavleebs da sTxovs 2-3 wuTis Semdeg
TavianTi mosazrebebi gaacnon klass interaqtivis
SeTavazebul kiTxvebze.