xatia SevardnaZe XIX saukunis qarTul mwerlobasTan tician tabiZis ...

avtoris stili daculia 

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti 

xatia SevardnaZe 

XIX saukunis qarTul mwerlobasTan tician tabiZis 

SemoqmedebiTi mimarTebisaTvis 

filologiis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad 

warmodgenili disertacia 

axali qarTuli literaturis istoria 

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: lado minaSvili 

filologiis mecnierebaTa 

doqtori, profesori 

Tbilisi 

2011

s a r C e v i 

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

T a v i I 

tician tabiZis SemoqmedebiTi gza XIX s. qarTul poeziasTan 

mimarTebiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

T a v i II 

XIX saukunis qarTvel mweralTa poeturi eqo 

tician tabiZis mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 

T a v i III 

XIX saukunis qarTveli mwerlebi tician tabiZis literaturulkritikuli 

werilebisa da eseebis mixedviT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 

T a v i IV 

tician tabiZis mokle narkvevi àxali qarTuli literatura” 106 

d a s k v n e b i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 

gamoyenebeuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

S e s a v a l i 

XX saukunis pirveli naxevris qarTul mwerlobas amSvenebs tician 

tabiZis saxeli. miuxedavad imisa, rom misi sicocxle udrood Sewyda, 

roca qveyanaze `kaenis sulis aRzevebam gadisriala~, man mainc 

Seucvleli kvali datova qarTuli poeziis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. pirvel 

yovlisa, igi iyo SesaniSnavi poeti, erTi gamorCeuli lideri 

`cisferyanwelTa~ literaturuli dajgufebisa paolo iaSvilTan da 

valerian gafrindaSvilTan erTad, misi TvalsaCino Teoretikosi. 

tragikuli bedis mqone poetis memkvidreobis Seswavla mxolod 

gasuli saukunis 60-iani wlebidan gaxda SesaZlebeli, Tumca misi 

moRvaweobis sakuTriv simbolistur xanaze Tavdapirvelad mobodiSobiT 

saubrobdnen, ufro sworad dumiliT uvlidnen gverds. didi xnis 

ganmavlobaSi sabWouri literaturismcodneoba aridebda mzeras 

qarTuli simbolizmis siRrmiseul fesvebs. qarTuli simbolizmi ar 

miiCneoda angariSgasawev skolad, radgan damkvidrebuli iyo mosazreba, 

rom `cisferyanwelebma~ verc erTi tipuri, suliT xorcamde aSkara 

warmomadgeneli simbolisturi mimarTulebisa ver mogvca da es 

SeuZlebelic iyo ( g. gverdwiTeli). 

mogviano periodSi literaturis istorikosebis mier adreuli 

sabWoTa periodis daskvnebi gadafasebulia. bevri saintereso da 

siRrmiseuli mosazrebiT aris gamdidrebuli qarTuli simbolizmis 

Seswavla. seriozulma kvleva-Ziebam cxadyo, rom rogorc ticianma, ise 

sazogadod `cisferyanwelebma~ uaRresad mniSvnelovani roli Seasrules 

10-20-ian wlebSic qarTuli leqsis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT 

reformistuli xasiaTis ZiebebiT rogorc Tematikuri, ise da 

gansakuTrebiT leqsis formis daxvewis, axali sazomebis Semotanis 

TvalsazrisiT. maTi moRvaweoba am mxriv usaTuod iyo progresis 

Semcveli. 

mkvlevarebis m. abulaZis, g. xerxeuliZis, v. ciskariZis, g. asaTianis, 

T. maRlaferiZis, g. curikovas, l. avalianis, r.miSvelaZis, a.gomarTelis 

da sxvaTa naSromebis mixedviT TandaTanobiT iqna cxadyofili, rom XIX 

saukunis miwurulisa da XX saukunis dasawyisisaTvis ilias, akakis 

3

moZalebuli mimbaZvelebis xelSi qarTulma leqsma TandaTan iwyo 

daknineba. 

epigonebma leqss daukarges gamomsaxveloba. am droidan qarTuli 

leqsi gaxda mauwyebeli gemovnebis daqveiTebisa, CamorCenilobisa, 

provincializmisa. TiTo-orola kargi poetis xma ikargeboda ugemovnobis 

zRvaSi. 

`cisferyanwelTa~ jgufma upirveles miznad daisaxa qarTuli 

leqsis reforma, leqsis aJRereba `swored ise, rogorc es gaakeTes 

simbolistebma safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, belgiaSi, norvegiaSi... rogorc es 

SeZles ruseTSi simbolizmis brwyinvale warmomadgenlebma~ (37; 20). 

niWierma, maRali kulturis, daxvewili gemovnebis enTuziastTa 

jgufma `cisferyanwelebma~ bevri ram gaakeTes da did galaktionTan 

erTad XX saukunis qarTuli poeziis ganviTarebis gezi gansazRvres. am 

mxriv gansakuTrebulia ticin tabiZis roli. 

rogorc miuTiTeben, `ticin tabiZis poezia XX saukunis poeziaa, man 

sxva qarTvel poetebTan _ galaktion tabiZesTan, giorgi leoniZesTan, 

paolo iaSvilTan erTad Seqmna XX saukunis qarTuli poeziis ena da 

poeturi azrovneba. igi XX saukunis Semoqmedia Tavisi poeturi 

samyaroTi, formiT da SinaarsiT, poeturi saubris maneriT da sityvieri 

qsoviliT. 

Tu Tanamedrove qarTulma poeturma kulturam garkveul simaRles 

miaRwia, zemoaRniSnul qarTvel poetebTan erTad amaSi damsaxureba 

tician tabiZesac miuZRvis. misi poeziis arseboba aucilebeli iyo 

qarTuli poeziis Rirsebis SenarCunebisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis, qarTuli 

poeziis mravalferovnebisTvis da eris sulieri saganZuris 

gamdidrebisaTvis~ (13; 67). 

qarTul literaturismcodneobaSi ukve ganmtkicebuli azris 

mixedviT, `cisferyanwelTa~ brZolas qarTuli leqsis ganaxlebisaTvis, 

qarTuli leqsis evropeizaciisaTvis amaod ar Cauvlia. galaktion 

tabiZesTan erTad XX s. dasawyisSi isini evropuli poeziis miRwevebsa da 

gamocdilebebs eziarnen, ris safuZvelzec simbolisturi iluziebis 

msxvrevisa da modernistur-epigonuri Ziebebis damarcxebis miuxedavad 

qarTuli leqsis forma da Sinaarsi ganaxlda, gadaxalisda da 

4

ganviTarebis axal etapze avida. (a. xinTibiZe, l. avaliani, s. sigua, T. 

doiaSvili, T. barbaqaZe da sxva). 

bolo dros SedarebiT intensiurad mimdinareobs t. tabiZis 

poeturi memkvidreobis ganxilva; ikvleven mis Semoqmedebas rogorc 

Tematikuri, aseve gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis TvalsazrisiT. 

msjeloben t. tabiZis Rvawlze qarTuli leqsis modernizaciis 

TvalsazrisiT, ikvleven t. tabiZis literaturul-kritikul naazrevs; am 

bolo dros interesis sagnad iqca t. tabiZis mxatvruli prozac. daculi 

iqna sakandidato disertacia s. kapanaZis mier, romelic t. tabiZis 

mxatvruli prozis da literaturul-kritikuli memkvidreobis Seswavlas 

eZRvneba (21). 

literaturis istorikosebi interesdebian t. tabiZis mimarTebiTac 

klasikur mwerlobasTan, gakvriT exebian sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu 

rogoria zemoqmedeba poet t. tabiZeze XIX saukunis qarTveli poetebisa, 

rogor afasebs t. tabiZe XIX s. qarTul mwerlobas saerTod da kerZod 

ki mis calkeul warmomadgenels. specialurad ganixilaven vaJa-fSavelas 

memkvidreobis tician tabiZiseul Sefasebis sakiTxs. 1 miuxedavad 

aRniSnulisa, calke, monografiuli saxiT t. tabiZis mimarTebis Seswavla 

XIX s. qarTul mwerlobasTan rogorc poetisa da meore mxriv, rogorc 

literaturis kritikosisa da itorikosisa, jer aravis uwarmoebia. 

miTumetes, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sul axlaxan 

2008 wels wignad daistamba qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis aqamde ucnobi 

ticin tabiZis naSromi, àxali qarTuli literatura~, romelsac erTvis 

l. minaSvilis vrceli narkvevi. es wigni ufro srul warmodgenas 

gvaZlevs t. tabiZeze, ukve rogorc axali qarTuli literaturis 

istorikosze. 

sakiTxis gaTvaliswinebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra zemoqmedeba moaxdina 

poet ticin tabiZeze, am TvalsaCino Semoqmedze, XIX s. qarTulma poeziam 

___________________________________ 

1 

igulisxmeba i. evgeniZis wigni, `vaJa-fSavela (cxovreba da SemoqmedebiTi istoriis sakiTxebi), 1989w., gv. 137- 

147, l. avalianis statia, `vaJa-fSavela 20-iani wlebis mweralTa TvalTaxedviT,~ ix. `vaJas krebuli, II, Tb. 

1982, gv. 215-226 

5

kerZod da saerTod ki qarTulma literaturam, Tu rogoria misi 

mimarTeba rogorc poetisa da literaturis kritikosisa da 

istorikosisa me-19 saukunis mwerlobisadmi, arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs 

tician tabiZis adgilis gansazRvrisaTvis qarTuli literaturis 

istoriaSi. 

sazogadod imis fiqri, rom esa Tu is xelovani gaTavisuflebulia 

yovelgvari literaturuli gavlenisagan, Tu SeuZlebels ar gaxdida, 

gaZnelebiT ki erTob gaaZnelebda am xelovanisaTvis kuTvnili adgilis 

miCenas literaturis istoriaSi; aseTi msjeloba, gvsurda es Cven Tu ara, 

usaTuod migviyvanda im daskvnamde, rom mocemuli mwerali gamoTiSulia 

literaturis saerTo procesidan, misi ganviTarebis bunebrivi 

istoriidan. mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT aseTi azri Seuwynarebelia, 

ramdenadac arc SeiZleba arsebobdes iseTi xelovani, romelsac araferi 

akavSirebdes Tavisi literaturis tradiciebTan, tendeciebTan. 

tician tabiZis poeziis siaxlove qarTuli literaturis Tematikur 

tradiciebTan, gansakuTrebiT mogviano safexuris t. tabiZis krZalviTi 

damokidebuleba winapar poetebTan, pirdapir migviTiTebs im did 

kavSirebze, romlebic tician tabiZes, rogorc poets aqvs me-19 saukunis 

qarTul mwerlobasTan saerTod da kerZod ki qarTul poeziasTan. 

sadisertacio naSromSi miznad aris dasaxuli, warmovadginoT cda 

sakiTxis monografiulad Seswavlisa, imis gaTvaliswinebisa metnaklebi 

sisruliT, Tu ra gavlena moaxdina XX saukunis saxelovan qarTvel poet 

tician tabiZeze XIX saukunis qarTulma poeziam, rogor aisaxa am 

zemoqmedebis kvali mis poetur qmnilebebSi; es erTi mxriv, xolo meore 

mxriv, rogorc iTqva, t. tabiZe iyo aramarto Cinebuli poeti, aramed igi 

profesiiTac da mowodebiTac iyo SesaniSnavi literatori, daxvewili 

gemovnebis esTeti. mis utyuar poetur intuicias amagrebda didi 

erudicia; erTi sityviT tician tabiZe iyo SesaniSnavi eseist-kritikosi 

da literaturis istorikosi. erTia sakiTxi, Tu ra gavlena moaxdina 

tician tabiZeze axalma qarTulma poeziam, xolo meorea, Tu rogoria 

XIX saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis saerTod da kerZod am saukunis 

mwerlobis calkeuli warmomadgenlis memkvidreobis t. tabiZiseuli 

daxasiaTeba _ analizi. 

6

sadisertacio naSromi aris cda orive am mxaris gaTvaliswinebisa 

cal-calke da erTmaneTTan kavSirSi, ise rogorc aris es warmodgenili 

t. tabiZis poetur Tu Teoriul naazrevSi. 

7

T a v i I 

tician tabiZis SemoqmedebiTi gza XIX s. 

qarTul poeziasTan mimarTebiT 

rTuli SemoqmedebiTi gza ganvlo tician tabiZem. misi 

Semoqmedebis mkvlevarTa didi nawili poetis formireba-ganviTarebis 

gzas pirobiTad sam etapad yofs. misi Semoqmedebis yvela etapi 

miuTiTebs poetis uaRresad individualur, magram winaaRmdegobebiT 

aRsavse poetur gzaze. ìsini rgolebia erTi mTliani poeturi jaWvisa 

da, kidev, mkveTrad usvams xazs misi, rogorc Semoqmedis mxatvrul 

mTlianobas~ (3; 4). 

t. tabiZe literaturul asparezze adreuli asakidn gamoCnda _ 

1909-1910 wlidan. gimnaziis meeqvse klasis moswavle ukve aqveynebda 

leqsebs gazeT `TemSi~ da JurnalSi `Teatri da cxovreba~. `quTaisis 

klasikuri gimnaziis meeqvse klasis moswavle viyavi, pirveli leqsi rom 

davbeWdeo,”- gadmogvcems TviTon poeti (44; 7). misi am periodis leqsebia 

`serenada~, `mainc is miyvars~, `mkvdari legenda~.... am xanebSi dawera man 

novelebic `SurisZieba~, `nawyveti dRiuridan~, `gazafxulis 

dResaswauli~, `qali da mgosani~, `Seqmnili legenda~, `martooba~, 

`pirveli sevda~, ài sad budobs siyvaruli~. erTi sityviT, 1910-1915 wlebi 

miCneulia, rogorc poetis formirebis wlebi. 

Semdegi safexuria simbolistobis, ufro sworad 

`cisferyanwelobis~ xana. igi daaxloebiT grZeldeba 20-iani wlebis 

pirveli naxevris CaTvliT 1926-28 wlamde. misi Semoqmedebis bolo 

safexuria klasikuri poeziis, realisturi poeziis tradiciebTan 

dabrunebis xana, rasac, bunebrivia vifiqroT, xels uwyobda da aCqarebda 

gare zemoqmedebis, erTgvari iZulebis faqtorebic, magram isic 

sagangebod saTqmelia, rom TviT poetis bunebac apirobebda amas, es misi 

Sinagani xmac iyo. 

t. tabiZis, rogorc poetis Camoyalibebis pirveli safexuri 

aRiniSneba, erTi mxriv, rogorc qarTul klasikur poeziasTan ziarebisa 

8

da misi didi da keTili zemoqmedebis gamoxtuleba, es gavlena Zalian 

cxadad igrZnoba rogorc adreul leqsebSi, ise da gansakuTrebiT 

novelebsa da miniaturebSi. t. tabiZis adreuli leqsebi, prozauli 

Txzulebebi atareben n. baraTaSvilis, gr. orbelianis, ilia WavWavaZis, 

akakis, vaJa-fSavelas gavlenis kvals. 

ase magaliTad, 1910 wels t. tabiZe wers usaTauro leqss, romelsac 

wamZRvarebuli aqvs taepebi n. baraTaSvilis `Conguridan~ _ 

`hoi, Conguro, netavi odes 

xma mxiaruli Sengan msmenodes~. 

am leqsSi gadmocemuli sevda-kaeSani erTgvarad exmianeba oboli 

sulis, genialuri n. baraTaSvilis sevda-kaeSans. isic saTqmelia, rom Tu 

n. baraTaSvilis SemTxvevaSi Conguris xma mogonebebs aSlis da suls 

afiqrebs, im dros Senatris, roca Conguridan mxiaruli xmebi ismoda da 

poetis naRvels ukuyrida, axla ki misgan esmis mxolod `mokluli gulis 

oden Civili~. yrma ticianis sevda ufro konkretul obieqts miemarTeba, 

uimedobac Zalze moWarbebulia, sentimentaluria. 

`Camovhkar Cangurs... aTrTolda simi, 

samgloviaro gaisma hangi. 

oh, turfav! swored Senma cremlebma 

moajadoves es Cemi Cangi. 

axla sada xar, romelsa mxares, 

nugeSs rad ar mcem tanjuls, mwuxares, 

da, nuTu marTla sicocxliTve mkvdars, 

martod mistumreb Savbnel samares 

vrceli udabno... cremlis xeoba... 

vdgevar, mikvnesis oboli suli, 

guls kaeSanma daisadgura, 

Cangic qviTinebs acremlebuli. 

9

hxarobs buneba, galaRebuli, 

cis kabadonze mTvare kaSkaSebs, 

varskvlavTa xomli nelad cimcimebs, 

me ki wyvdiadi miburavs Tvalebs. 

martodmarto var, Senze mlocveli, 

Cem win ganrTxmula Savi samare, 

da moklul gulis mware Civilsa 

kvnesiT bans aZlevs samSoblo mxare!~ 

amave 1910 wliTaa daTariRebuli meore usaTauro leqsi `niavi 

dahqris, nazi zefiri...~ es leqsic didad aris davalebuli, aqac yrma 

poetis grZnobebi XIX saukunis qarTvel poetTa xmebzea awyobili, aqedan 

iRebs saTaves. aq, am leqsSi aSkarad gaarCevT grigol orbelianis, 

saerTod romantikosi poetebis zemoqmedebis kvals, vaJaseuli bunebis 

suraTebis aRweris gavlenas, mTeli leqsi ilias poeziis zemoqmedebiTaa 

dawerili da amas pirdapirac miuTiTebs ticiani ilias striqonebis 

citirebiT: 

`niavi dahqris, nazi zefiri 

danamuls mdelos Tavzed evleba, 

nazi sumbuli, eSxiT damTvrali, 

mgosans yurs ugdebs da icremleba. 

cisa tatnobzed mTvare kaSkaSebs, 

gars axvevia varskvlavT laSqari, 

Tavs dastrialebs mZinar samyaros 

da ciur nanas umRers damtkbari. 

mTani maRalni, cad atyorcnilni 

janySi xveulni, fiqrs miscemian 

da mSobel mxares mcvelad, darajad, 

viT gveleSapni, zed Semortymian. 

10

yvela netarebs, `dRiT feTqavs raca~, 

molxeniT aris `miwac da caca~, 

mxolod buCqis Zirs, gulCaTxrobili, 

kvnesis mgosani, oblad STenili.~ 

rogorc vxedavT, aq am leqsSi n. baraTaSvilis sumbulis poeturi 

saxec gaielvebs, grigol orbelianis `bumberaz mTanic mdumared 

caTamdis ayudebulni~, vaJas xiluli mTebic gagvaxsendeba, romlebic 

`fiqrs miscemin mwaresa~ (`mTani maRalni, cad atyorcnilni, janySi 

xveulni fiqrs miscemian~), xolo leqsSi warmodgenili mTliani suraTi 

`bunebis netarebisa~, molxeniT myofi `miwisa da cisac~ Sepirispirebuli 

gulCaTxrobil buCqis Zirs mjdom mkvnesare, oblad STenil mgosanTan 

iliaseburi kontrastis gziTaa ganxorcielebuli da amaze pirdapiracaa 

miniSnebuli `kako yaCaRidan~ momdinare sriqonebis pirdapiri gadmotaniT 

leqsSi: 

`yvela netarebs, `dRiT feTqavs raca~, 

MmolxeniT aris `miwac da caca~. 

iliaseburia orive leqsSi gamJRavnebuli patriotuli grZnobac: 

pirvel leqsSi poetis mokluli gulis `mware Civilsa kvnesiT bans 

aZlevs samSoblo mxare~, xolo meore leqsSi, mTani maRalni cad 

atyorcnilni... mSobel mxares mcvelad, darajad, `viT gveleSapni, zed 

Semortymian~. 

1910 wels dawerili erTi leqsi asea dasaTaurebuli _ èlegia~, 

rac imTaviTve unda migvaniSnebdes ilias amave saxelwodebis leqsTan 

kavSirze. ticianis leqsis gacnoba gvarwmunebs, rom es marTla asea, 

ticianis leqsis Seqmnas biZgi swored ilias èlegiam~ misca da swored 

masTan Sexminebas warmoadgens yrma poetis leqsi. leqsSi aRwerilia 

samSoblos peizaJi RamiT. Ramea bneli, cis kabadonze ar moCans arc 

mTvare, arc varskvlavebi krTian, `ca, moRrubluli, cremlad iRvreba~. 

`gadmoswolia samyaros nisli, 

CasZinebia xevSi nakaduls~. 

11

isev sumbuli, bulbulis satrfo, romelsac cremlebi sdis, 

xmagakmendili bulbuli glovobs. 

neli niavi Cumad sisinebs, 

rionic gahyefs, godebs, dudunebs... 

Cans, rom naRveli Semoswolia... 

leqsis bolo strofSi iliaseburad aris dasmuli ritorikuli 

kiTxva _ daedeba Tu ara sazRvari amas yovelives _ 

`samSoblo mxare, veranad qmnili, 

mwared qviTinebs, kvlav icremleba... 

ox! RmerTo, RmerTo! amden cremlT frqvevas, 

netav sazRvari ar daedeba!~ 

marTalia, yrud, magram mainc tician tabiZis am leqsSi gamoxatuli 

wuxilis motivi rom farTo socialuri xasiaTisaa da ara pirovnuli, es 

sruliad aSkaraa. 

aseTive xasiaTis leqsebia, aseve XIX saukunis klasikur poeziasTan 

siaxlove, misi zemoqmedebis kvali atyvia tician tabiZis adreul leqsebs 

`nugeSad damrCa cremli mduRare~, usaTauro `wynari Ramea, dumili 

sufevs~, `melodia~ da a.S. 

rogorc iTqva, gavlenis kvali atyvia ara marto adreul leqsebs, 

aramed es kavSiri, zemoqmedeba aSkarad Cans tician tabiZis miniaturebSi, 

novelebsa da moTxrobebSi. sainteresoa am TvalsazrisiT miniatura 

`nakadis duduni~. poets uyvars nakadis Cqriali, `misi idumali, sevdiani 

duduni, roca daRamdeba, `mwuxris zewarSi gaexveva sofeli da ares 

mkvdari mdumareba daepatroneba~. Mxolo nakadulis Cumi qviTini, yru 

godeba arRvevs myudroebas. ìdayvdayrdnobili yurs vugdeb mas da suli 

ocnebis mxarisken mifrinavs. mogonebaTa mkrTalni aCrdilni Tavs 

damcimcimeben da TvalTagan lmobierebis mduRare cremli mdis xolme~. 

am striqonebSi aSkarad gvecnoba leqsikuri Sexvedra n. baraTaSvilis 

12

leqsTan `fiqrni mtkvris piras~. ticianic fiqrobs soflis 

ukuRmarTobaze. 

`miyvars... miyvars me duduni nakadisa, sityviT ar ZalmiZs, 

gamovTqva, rasac grZnobs guli, aRgznebuli RvTiuris aliT!~ 

aqac baraTaSviliseburi gamoxatva grZnobis, leqsikuri Sexvedra 

baraTaSvilTan (`miyvars, miyvars me tiqtiki Cvilis ymis~) cxadad 

mowmobs, rom yrma ticiani Tavs ver aRwevs n. baraTaSvilis gavlenas da 

arc unda ganTavisufldes misgan, imdenad didia mis sulze baraTaSvilis 

mRelvarebiT savse striqonebis zemoqmedebis Zala. 

t. tabiZis moTxroba `sumbuli~ aSkarad iwvevs asociacias vaJas 

moTxrobebTan da gansakuTrebiT mainc `mTis wyarosTan~. axalgazrda 

ticiani aq gadmogvcems sumbulis gancdebs. movida zamTari da sumbulma, 

romelic satrfomac miatova, igrZno sikvdilis moaxloeba. `nu geSinia, 

nu, Cemo sicocxlev! _ uCurCulebs ankara wyaro. _ RmerTi mowyalea. 

male isev gamobrundebi, male mogiva dro da Jami mSvenierebisa, erT 

zafxulSi kinaRam davSri da sasowarkveTili davstirodi Cems 

ubedurebas, magram Sevebrale Semoqmeds, wvima movida da mec gadavrCi~. 

miniaturaSi `martooba~ lirikuli gmiris martoobis gancdis 

saTave isev da isev nikoloz baraTaSvilia, baraTaSvilis uZiro sevda 

aZlevs biZgs tician tabiZes mware fiqrebisaTvis. cdilobs, mis fiqrebs 

wvdes da Tavisas dauaxloos. miniaturaSi lirikuli gmiri gvamcnobs: 

`sadac unda viyo, yvelgan, yovelTvis martooba Cemi Tanamgzavria, mudam 

Tan damdevs, rogorc aCrdili, viT SurismaZiebeli landi, garewar kaens 

Tan rom dasdevda... aCrdili sastiki da ulmobelia, misi Rimili, Rimilia 

mefistofelis da mis xarxarze ki, viT saTaelis qnarze, are-midamo 

kvnesis da mosTqvams. albaT am yofas grZnobda mgosani, romelmac 

gvamcno _ Zneli aris martooba sulisa, mas eltvian siameni soflisa~. 

albaT, es mqirdavi aCrdili iyo, romelmac mas mouwamla da waruwymida 

sarwmunoeba da dastova `WkuiT urwmuno, guliT undo, suliT maxvrali~. 

gr. orbelianis, vaJa-Savelas zemoqmedebis kvali leqsikuradac ki 

cxadad amCnevia t. tabiZis miniaturas `feria bednierebisa~. 

deda Svils uyveba bednierebis momtan feriaze da xarb dianaze, 

romelsac Surda feriasi, radgan igi xalxs Zalian uyvarda. 

13

`_ deda ar mova kidev is feria~ _ daJinebiT ekiTxeboda 

gaWirveulebuli bavSvi dedas. 

`_ ra vici, Svilo, xedav im mTebs, caTamde rom ayudebulan ase 

arian sul isini; nisli rom moexvevaT, es maTi locvaa, cas Sehvedrian, 

feria dagvibruneo, da elian sul dausrulebliv, guli elevaT 

lodinSi... usazRvroa maTi lodini~. 

Wabuki ticiani daufiqrebia marad mtkivneul sikvdilis idumalebas, 

mis amocnobas lamobs da aqac vaJa gamodis mSvelelad. vaJas 

gamaognebeli mxatvruli migneba, mTebi imitom dganan, rom Turme elias, 

did zemoqmedebas axdens ticianze, es araerTgan gamoCndeba ticianis 

TxzulebebSi da, pirvelyovlisa, Cans miniaturaSi `sikvdili~. 

`... is yvelgan aris da yovelTvis. 

misi mefoba ganusazRvrelia da msxverpli auricxveli. misi Crdili 

yvelas Tan axlavs da ganuwyvetliv misi frTebis frTxiali yvelas 

moesmis. is bedia winamZRvarTa ubedurebisa. mTani maRalni, mwuxarebaSi 

gaqvavebulni, sdganan da elian. maTi lodini `danaxvaa unaxavisa~ _ 

ambobs mgosani... usazRvroa maTi lodini, radgan maT ukve moesmiT 

ConCxebis qnarze simebis JRera~... 

TiTqos vaJas poeturi gansjis _ 

`RmerTma giSvelos, sikvdilo, 

sicocxle Svenobs SeniTa, 

da Senc sikvdilo fasi gZe 

sicocxlis nawyenobiTa~ 

erTgvari gamoZaxilia Wabuki ticianis daskvna: sikvdili `mizania 

Cveni cxovrebisa~, isic garkveviT unda iTqvas, rom Wabuki ticiani am 

SemTxvevaSi erTgvarad sikvdilis esTetizacias axdens. 

mxatvrul CanaxatSi èpispsixidini~ vkiTxulobT: `kaco, giyvardes!~ _ 

ciT CamomZaxes... da mec miyvars, am bnelSiac gzas minaTebs naTeli sxivi 

siyvarulisa...~ umal gvecnoba ilis cnobili striqonebi leqsidan 

giyvardes. 

14

_ kaco, giyvardes! _ 

ciT CamomZaxes, 

ros maT dambades. 

yvelgan es sityva 

lamprad win mimyva 

da qveynad Cems svlas 

hscemda wmind naTels. 

misTvisc getyvi Zmas: 

Senca giyvardes!... 

amave poetur CanaxatSi mdinare rioni daxasiaTebulia 

baraTaSviliseburad: `talRas talRas scems rioni da mwuxared 

dudunebs, albad sevda Semoswolia, vervisTvis undvia da imisTvis aris, 

rom gulCaxveuli Cumad mosTqvams; vin icis, iqneb is sul sxvas igonebs, 

iqneb esmodes kidec amiranis kvnesa, an medias mwuxare simRera, iqneb 

dastirodes qarTlosis Cangs, uRvToT damsxvreuls, maxinj SvilTagan 

daviwyebuls. bevri ram icis rionma, `mraval droebis mowmea, magram 

utyvia~, utyvi~... amgvari masalis moxmoba kidev SeiZleba gagrZeldes. 

warmodgenili masala ki cxadyofs, rom yrma ticiani, gimnaziis mowafe 

SesaniSnavad icnobs XIX saukunis qarTul mwerlobas da formirebis 

gzaze uxvadac eyrdnoba, sakuTari xmis Ziebisas sazrdoobs miT, sakuTar 

nagrZnobs, nafiqrs ticiani did winaparTa sityvier samoss acmevs, ufro 

sworad didi qarTvel mweralTa gancdilze ametyvelebs sakuTar 

grZnobebs. 

ticianis am drois nawerebidan isic igrZnoba, rom saqme gvaqvs 

gemovnebian Zalze niWier axalgazrdasTan, romelic ukve cdilobs 

individualuri daRi daasvas, gaxazos, rom es misia, sakuTriv mis 

SemoqmedebiT quraSi gamotarebuli, oRond isic aSkaraa, rom igi 

azrovnebs swored klasikurze dayrdnobiT, ase xdeba misi formireba. 

misi gansakuTrebuli interesi ki mimarTulia qarTveli romanitikosebis 

_ ufro grigol orbelianis, nikoloz baraTaSvilis, did iliasa da 

vaJas poeziaze. 

15

marTalia, tician tabiZis pirvel leqsebsa da prozaul nawerebs 

aklia mxatvruli srulyofa, maTSi bevri ramaa epigonuri, dasaxvewi, 

magram amisda miuxedavad, am nawarmoebebs mainc didi mniSvneloba aqvs 

imis gasarkvevad, riT daiwyo ticianis poeturi gza, vin iyvnen misi 

pirveli maswavleblebi, ra kavSiri hqonda literaturul tradiciebTan, 

rogor yalibdeboda poetis SemoqmedebiTi individualoba da a.S. 

mwerlis yrmobisdroindeli Semoqmedebis gacnoba naTlad 

gvarwmunebs, rom simbolizmis literaturuli principebis aRiarebamde t. 

tabiZem ganvlo mxatvruli daostatebis saintereso etapi, romelsac 

literaturuli Segirdobis xana SeiZleba davarqvaT. 

garda yovelive Tqmulisa, ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos isic, rom, 

Cans, tabiZeebis did ojaxSi Rrmaa siyvaruli, krZalva, interesi 

erovnuli kulturis, erovnuli mwerlobisadmi, am safuZvelze, am 

garemoSi izrdebian rogorc vasil tabiZis ojaxSi, aseve iustine tabiZis 

ojaxSi, aseT garemoSi Camoyalibdnen rogorc genialuri galaktioni, 

aseve brwyinvale niWis ticiani. 

TandaTanobiT da drois mcire monakveTSi gafarTovda ticianis 

literaturuli areali, mwerluri horizonti, Tematuri interesebi. 

am azriT, Zalzed sainteresoa mweral sergo kldiaSvilis 

gadmocema. s. kldiaSvili ase igonebs gimnaziaSi ticianTan erTad 

swavlis wlebs: `Zalian xSirad nasadilevs masTan miviCqarodi. sawolis 

gverdiT dadgmul patara magidaze wignebis grova awyvia. es wignebi 

saocaria. maTi avtorebi aqamde CemTvis ucnobi poetebi da prozaikosebi 

arian. maT Sesaxeb jer araferi msmenoda. 

TiTqos saswauls hgavda es ambavi, _ Tu rogor aRmoCnda es wignebi 

imereTis am patara qalaqSi. aqamde CemTvis literaturuli samyaro 

Semofargluli iyo yvelasaTvis cnobili qarTveli, rusi da ucxoeli 

klasikosebis saxelebiT da uecrad axali saxelebi mesmis: verleni, 

laforgi, klodeli, verharni, meterlinki, uaildi, hamsuni, briusovi, 

sologubi, balmonti da sxva da sxva. ara mgonia, rom mTel qalaqSi Cvens 

garda, ori pirtitvela gimnazielis garda, kidev vinmes raime warmodgena 

hqonoda am mwerlebze~ (28; 182). 

16

ticiani ar kmayofildeboda am avtorTa Semoqmedebis mxolod 

gacnobiT, Targmnida maT da am droidan moyolebuli sistematurad 

aqveynebda kidec qarTul periodikaSi.Aase TandaTan Rrmavdeboda 

axalgazrda poetis miswrafebaTa Tvalsawieri, mis sulSi iWreboda is 

literaturuli siaxleni, romlebmac didi zegavlena moaxdines mwerlis 

literaturul Camoyalibebaze. 

ticianis sakuTrivi leqsebis saTaurebSic, TematikaSic igrZnoba 

ukve interesTa gafarToeba, rom araferi vTqvaT novelebsa, moTxrobebsa 

da miniaturebze. ticianis leqsebis saTaurebi xdeba `madonas simRera~, 

`siCumis angelozi~, `soneti~, `Nochturne~ da a.S. misi leqsebis personaJebi 

xdebian pani, adonaisi... 

SeuZlebelia 1905 wlis Semdgomi reaqciis periodis movlenebs Rrma 

kvali ar daetovebina Wabuki t. tabiZis cnobierebaze. rogorc g. asaTiani 

aRniSnavs, `reaqciis yru atmosferoSi, romelmac gansakuTrebiT niadagi 

moamzada qarTul poeziaSi evropuli dekadansis `Sxamian yvavilTa~ 

gadmosargavad, yalibdeboda axalgazrda tician tabiZis poeturi 

Sexedulebani~ (8; 152). Tu t. tabiZe moswavleobis droindel adreul 

leqsebSi, rogorc ukve davinaxeT, didi doziT uxdis xarks erovnuldemokratiul 

idealebs, Semdgom ukve misi interesebi TandaTan 

neoromantikuli poeziisaken ixreba. 

tician tabiZe quTaisis gimnaziaSi swavlis periodSive ecnoba 

simbolisturi mwerlobis TiTqmis yvela gamoCenil warmomadgenels. igi 

Tavis Tanamoazre megobrebTan erTad ocnebobda gadatrialeba moexdina 

qarTul poeziaSi. masSi am wyurvils epoqis mRelvare sulic badebda, 

erTgvari kulturuli dezorientacia. XIX saukunis qarTuli mwerloba, 

romelsac mkafiod hqonda gamokveTili Tavisi mizani, gamoxatvis 

formebi, krizisis piras iyo misuli. amrigad axali Taoba TiTqmis 

orientirebis gareSe darCa. 

t. tabiZis SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis am momentis Sesaxeb s. caiSvili 

wers: ès iyo marTlac Znelad dasaZlevi gzajvaredini da gabedul 

ZiebaTa gareSe warmoudgenelic Canda axali napirebis aRmoCena. arc is 

aris dasamali, rom warumatebloba da marcxi Tan axlda ZiebaTa aseT 

gzas. magram gulwrfeloba da Tavgameteba mas erTi wuTiTac ki ar 

17

mohklebia. aq zogjer intuiciuri swrafva inteleqtze nakleb rols 

rodi asrulebda. pirvelmebrZolni, romelTa Soris tician tabiZe 

yovelTvis gamoirCeoda TiTqmis sacecebiT miiwevdnen win~ (49; 287). 

srulyofisaken dauokebelma swrafvam ticiani da misi megobari 

`cisferyanwelebi~ miiyvana klasikuri realisturi poeziisagan mkveTr 

gamijvnamde. sagulisxmoa, rom evropuli literaturuli procesi XIX-XX 

saukuneebis mijnaze gemovnebis, saazrovno formebis, poeturi 

konstruqciebisa da poeturi msoflmxedvelobis klasikisagan gamijvnas 

da ukompromiso dapirispirebas gulisxmobda. am periodSi ise mZafri iyo 

gadafasebis survili da siaxlis matarebeli xelovnebis Seqmnis 

mcdeloba, rom verc qarTvel mweralTa axali Taoba Sexvda gulgrili 

am procesebs. `diadi klasikis~ zegavlenisagan Tavis daRwevis 

vnebaTaRelva ajanyebas utoldeboda. es movlena didi siswrafid swored 

mxatvruli azrovnebis sferoSi vrceldeboda. siaxle TiTqos TviT XX 

saukunis moTxovna iyo, romelic Tavis mousvenari bunebis Sesatyvisi 

xelovnebis Seqmnas eswrafvoda. 

rogorc sayovelTaod cnobilia, 1915 wels tician tabiZe, jerxnobiT 

moskovis universitetis filologiis fakultetis studenti 

Tavis megobrebTan erTad aarsebs literaturul dajgufebas `cisferi 

yanwebi~. axali dajgufeba gamovida skolis Seqmnis pretenziiT. 

1916 wels gamoica am dajgufebis Jurnalis `cisferi yanwebis~ 

pirveli nomeri. am JurnalSi daibeWda tician tabiZis Teoriuli xasiaTis 

werili `cisferi yanwebiT~, romelic Jurnalis meore nomerSi gagrZelda 

da romelic warmoadgenda am dajgufebis arsebobis Teoriul 

dasabuTebas da gamarTlebas. 

am literaturulma jgufma da, bunebrivia, maT Soris tician 

tabiZem Tavisi dadgineba-damkvidreba klasikur poeziasTan erTgvari 

dapirispirebis gziT cades, ufro konkretulad, qarTveli 60-ianeლეbis 

poeziasTan dapirebis gziT. 

tician tabiZis saprogramo statias `cisferi yanwebiT~ ufro 

vrclad qvemoT SevexebiT, axla ki mokled Semdegs aRvniSnavT, t. tabiZis 

azriT, `cisferi yanwebiT~, iwyeboda axali periodi qarTuli poeziis 

ganviTarebis istoriaSi. misi sityvebiT, qarTuli mwerloba, 

18

gansakuTrebiT XIX saukunis qarTuli mwerloba, jer saTanadod araa 

Seswavlili, kerZod araa cxadi, ra damokidebuleba hqonda am drois 

poezias Zvel mwerlobasTan, rusul literaturasTan. 

t. tabiZes ki TviTon ase warmoudgenia es gza _ `Zveli qarTuli 

poezia iwyeba rusTaveliT da mTavrdeba besikiT~... am or poetSi 

`saqarTvelom Sekriba mTeli Tavisi mxatvruli energia~. t. tabiZes 

besikisa ganskuTrebiT is xiblavs, rom moqalaqeobriv-politikuri 

Tematika ar Seuria poeziaSi. saqarTvelosTvis Znelbedobis Jams icxovra 

da iRvawa da erTmaneTSi ar aurevia politika da sakuTriv poezia. amaSi 

xedavs t. tabiZe Zveli qarTuli poeziis Taviseburebasac da Rirsebasac. 

`besikisagan politikisa da poeziis gayofa miT ufro dasafasebelia, rom 

is iyo kancleri imereTis mefis solomonis da daiRupa diplomatiuri 

misiis aRsrulebis dros~. XIX saukuneSi qarTvel romantikosebs, erTi 

mxriv, etyobaT gavlena evropeli romantikosebisa, meore mxriv, isini 

ganicdian gavlenas Zveli qarTuli poeziisas, gansakuTrebiT ki besikisas. 

àse uaxlovdebiT mesamoce wlebs~, sadac kavSiri poeziasTan `samudamod 

wydeba da iq iqmneba axali ideologia~. `besikma windawin 

iwinaswarmetyvela, rom `krazanebi~ gaagdebdnen qarTuli baRidan da es 

male moxda~. 60-iani wlebis polemika, t. tabiZis azriT, ara marto 

`TaobaTa brZolaa~, aramed kulturaTa brZola _ Zveli qarTuli da 

axali ruseTis ideologiebis, qarTuli poeziis yvavils dauwyes Secvla 

ruseTis xorbliT~. gr. orbelianis aRelveba aq yvelaze ufro gasagebia, 

ìmaSi aimRvra konservatori qarTveli, qarTveli poeti~. marTla am 

brZolaSi gaimarjva iliam, magram es iyo damarcxeba mTeli Semdgomi 

xelovnebisa. am dRidan moiSala qarTul poeziaSi Zveli suli, am `cru 

rusTvelebma~ da `liberalebma, mwerloba gaxades `samitingo zalad~ da 

poezia gazeTad. ilia WavWavaZem samudamod dawyevla `frinveli garegani~ 

da `tkbili xmebi~... àkaki wereTelma `garemoebis sayviri~ Zalian bevri 

ayvira, yvela es leqsebi bankis opoziciaze da advokatebze darCeba 

rogorc politikuri satiris ara niWieri nimuSebi... akaki sul 

gaqrobidan iman ixsna, rom dauaxlovda xalxis suls da nacionalur 

eposSi amonaxa lirikuli temebi. xalxi ki erTaderTi inaxavda da inaxavs 

19

gauryvneli poeziis tradiciebs. iq, sadac akaki Ralatobs Tavis 

ideologias da mReris Seugneblad, mxolod naxulobs Tavis Tavs~. 

erTi sityviT, ticianis azriT, 60-iani wlebidan TandaTan mtkicdeba 

gavlena rusuli xelovnebisa, romelsac Soreuli kavSiri Tu aqvs 

WeSmarit xelovnebasTan da araferi saerTo ar hqonia kerZod qarTulTan. 

TviT gr. orbelianic ki CarTes am turnirSi Tavisi `muSa boqulaZiT~. 

mxolod vaJa-fSavelaSi feTqavs eris suli Tavisi kulturuli 

atavizmiT. `marTalia misTvis leqsis teqnika ar arsebobda xandaxan 

najaxiT daTlil warmodgenas qmnida, magram imaSi iyo Zveli suli. vaJa 

didi protestia Zveli saqarTvelosi~. 

`mesamocianeleTa~ mwerlebis ioli xeliT Semotanili rusuli 

xorbali amodis qerad. ilias da akakis is upiratesoba hqondT, rom 

moqalaqeobriv motivebSi xandaxan naxulobdnen namdvil poezias; Semdeg 

ki maTma Skolam miiRo karikaturili saxe da dRes uimedod gahkivis 

moqalaqeobrivi arRani kakafonias . yvela uniWo, usaxo, enablu, visac 

xeli ar eRleba, stanjavs dRes qarTul poezias~ (42; #2). 

rogorc vxedavT, tician tabiZe Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi gzis meore 

safexurze sxva `cisferyanwelebTan~ erTad erTgvarad zurgs aqcevs, 

upirispirdeba qarTuli realisturi klasikuri poeziis ganviTarebis 

gzas da praqtikulad mwvavedac upirispirdeba qarTul, gansakuTrebiT, 

misi azriT, 60-ianelTa araerovnul literaturul tradiciebs. 

praqtikulad, igi vaJa-fSavelamde arc aravis cnobs. 

erTi mainc amTaviTve unda aRiniSnos _ Tu SevadarebT evropul, 

kerZod frangul literaturas, frang poetebs, rusi simbolistebis 

mosazrebebs, unda aRiniSnos, rom dapirispireba Cvens sinamdvileSi ufro 

TavSekavebulia; rogorc ar unda vifiqroT, aq mainc patara qveynis 

faqtori TamaSobs did rols. sxva `cisferyanwelebic~ da miT umetes 

tician tabiZe, yovelTvis saTanados miageben, saTanadod gaxazaven 

qarTvel 60-ianelTa, kerZod iliasa da akakis, Rvawlis ganuzomel 

mniSvnelobas. maTTvis miuRebelia mxolod poeturi pozicia 60- 

ianelebisa, romelic mkveTrad moqalaqeobrivi, socialuri Sinaarsis 

matarebelia; `Cven uars ar vyofT `mesamocianeleTa~ mwerlebis 

20

sazogadoebriv damsaxurebas, _ wers ticiani Jurnalis saprogramo 

werilSi; _ magram imaT samagieroT ar aqvT esTetikuri damsaxureba~. 

isic unda xazgasmiT iTqvas, rom dapirispireba ,iqneboda igi 

mkveTri, Tu SedarebiT TavSekavebuli, mainc azris doneze, Teoriuli 

saxiT gamoixata, iTqva da daiwera. ramdenadme gansxvavebulad 

warmogvidgeba saqme TviT mxatvruli praqtikis, mxatvruli Semoqmedebis 

SemTxvevaSi, ticians _ poets mkveTrad, xistad arasodes gamouxatavs es 

dapirispireba. 

iseT faqizi gemovnebis esTets, rogoric Salva afxaiZea, aseTi 

azri aqvs gamoxatuli am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT: `tician tabiZis poezia 

aRmocenebuli iyo erovnul fesvebze. misTvis ucxo iyo nacionaluri 

nihilizmi~ (10; 74). 

tician tabiZe simbolisturi periodis leqsbSic inarCunebda 

TavisTavadobas da gamorCeuli iyo imiT, rom sinamdviles arasodes 

uaryofda. misi leqsebis lirikuli gmiri miTosuri da literaturuli 

gmirebis aCrdili ki ar aris, aramed namdvili cxovrebiseuli adamiani 

da Tavsmoxveul ganwyobilebebsa da sizmareul yofaSi, saxelTa 

fantasmagoriaSi yovelTvis mZafria irealur samyarodan Tavis daRwevis 

survili. TviTironiac poetis Tanamdevia. 

tician tabiZis Semoqmedebis simbolisturi xanis XIX saukunios 

qarTul poeziasTan mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT metic unda iTqvas. unda 

vifiqroT, rom TviT `cisferyanwelobis~ xanaSi Cven usaTuod unda 

davadasturoT XIX s. klasikuri realisturi poeziis gavlena poet 

tician tabiZeze, Tu SemoqmedebiTi gavlenis WeSmariti Sinaarsidan 

amovalT. am gagebis Tanaxmad, gavlenis àucilebeli piroba aris 

mimarTebis damyareba mxatvrul nawarmoebTan da mis avtorTan. WeSmariti 

xelovanebis urTierTzemoqmedeba erTmaneTisadmi mimarTebis damyarebaSi 

mdgomareobs. am mimarTebis konkretuli gamoxatulebaa is mniSvneloba, 

romelsac erTi mwerlis Semoqmedeba meorisaTvis iZens... xelovani 

SeiZleba arc misdevdes romelime avtoris azrsa da tendencias... 

SeiZleba kidec upirispirdebodes meore xelovans (xazi Cemia – x. S.) 

Tavisi mxatvruli saSualebebiT, STabeWdilebaTa da sakuTar 

SexedulebaTa gadmocemiT, magram literaturismcodneobis TvalsazrisiT 

21

SeiZleba dadgindes literaturuli zemoqmedebis faqti. aseT SemTxvevaSi 

erTi mwerali meorisaTvis SeiZleba iyos erTgvari amosavali, romelic 

ubiZgebs mas garkveuli mimarTulebisaken, gansxavavebuli maneris, tipis, 

kompoziciis... Ziebisaken~ (27; 44-45). 

rogorc ukve davinaxeT, da rogorc Semdgom kidev ufro 

konkretulad da cxadad warmoCndeba, imdenad didia zemoqmedeba t. 

tabiZeze me-19 saukunis qarTuli poeziisa, kerZod 60-ianelTa, ilia 

WavWavaZis pirovnebisa da poeziisa (aki cota mogvianebiT ticiani ityvis: 

`Tavs dagviara vaJa-fSavelam, Tavze gvawveba zvavad ilia~, leqsi 

`kaxeTs~), rom Wabuk ticians uCndeba swored ilias kerZod da saerTod 

XIX s. qarTuli poeziis gavlenisagan Tavis daRwevis moTxovnileba, 

erTis mxriv, XIX saukinis qarTuli poeziac aris amosavali, romelic 

ubiZgebs t. tabiZes `garkveuli mimarTulebisaken, gansxvavebuli maneris, 

tipis kompoziciis Ziebisaken~. esecaa erTi piroba, rom t. tabiZe 

aRmoCnda `cisferyanwelTa~ ordenis aqtiuri TavkacTagani. 

qarTul literaturismcodneobaSi `cisferyanwelTa ordenis~ 

damsaxureba gansazRvrulia, rogorc swrafva siaxlisaken, rogorc 60- 

ianelTa epigonebTan, moZvelebul, yavlgasul meleqseebTan, inerciasTan 

`brZolis gamocxadeba~, swrafva `qarTuli poeziis, evropuli radiusiT~ 

gamarTvisaken. rogorc amboben, tician tabiZe gansakuTrebuli simZafriT 

ganicdida, rom saqarTvelo CamorCa msoflio poeturi azrovnebis 

sivrces da es CamorCeniloba tragediad miaCnda: `roca iwereboda Sarl 

bodleris `borotebis yvavilebi~, maSin saqarTveloSi arc iyo 

dawyebuli dava ilia WavWavaZesa da kneina barbare jorjaZes Soris~, _ 

werda igi. simbolistebis gamoCeniT xalxur da relistur poezias 

daupirispirda rTuli da artistuli xelovneba, wminda xelovneba, 

romelic ar iqmneboda masisaTvis, aramed rCeulTaTvis: 

`da Cemi Cangi sircxvilisgan daimsxvreoda, 

Tu misi leqsi gitaraze mogesmeboda~. 

aRniSnulis miuxedavad t. tabiZe simbolisturi periodis 

leqsebSic inarCunebs TavisTavobas da gamorCeulia imiT, rom 

22

sinamdviles arasodes uaryofs, Tavsmoxveul ganwyobilebasa da 

sizmareul yofaSi, saxelTa fantasmagoriaSi yovelTvis mZafria idealur 

samyarodan Tavis daRwevis survili. TviTironiac poetis Tanmdevia. 

warsulis Sefasebas, `siymawvilis sens~ _ arabunebriv poetur 

ganwyobilebebs Tavad afasebs poeti 1922 wels daweril leqsSi `sezonis 

falavani~: 

`da vmadlob ufals, Cemi suli mas abaria, 

man erTma icis, rom ar iyo igi samiwe, 

ase atirebda poets malaria, 

ase gaugebrad werda tician tabiZe~ 

ltolva naTel azrovnebisaken, qarTuli klasikuri poeziisaken 

TandaTan ufro gamZafrda. sinamdvile, romelSic TiTqos moulodnelad 

aRmoCnda simbolistTa poeturi ordeni 1921 wels Semdgom, erTob 

mtkivneuli iyo da tragikul gancdad iqca. TandaTan realoba axali 

gamosaxvis saSualebebs eZebs tician tabiZis poeziaSi da es cvlileba 

ioli da umtkivneulo rodia. 

tician tabiZis poeziis ideologiur burjad, erTgvar xidad, 

romelic aris gadebuli or gansxvavebul da urTierTdapirispirebul 

realobas Soris, SesaZloa miviCnioT mamis xateba mwuxris locvaSi, 

mamis Savi anaforis friali, brma Tvalebi, fsalmuni da mewamulisferi 

Savi anaforis daferva, Zveli orpiris RamurebSemovlebuli saydari _ 

Zveli tradiciuli dro da memkvidreoba, romelsac axal epoqaSi aRar 

aqvs arsebobis ufleba da Tvalsa da xels Sua qreba. es Tema tician 

tabiZis poeziaSi, albaT, SesaZloa mivakuTvnoT XX saukunis mwerlobaSi 

`mamismkvlelobis~ `mamis Zlevis~ tragikul asaxvas. 

tician tabiZis SemoqmedebiTi pozicia ufro mkveTrad gamomJRavnda 

leqsSi `nu gaikvirveb~ (1926), sadac poeti acxadebs, rom sxva ocnebebis 

tyvea da Slis Zvel leqsebs dafaze, romelTac sisxliT werda da ara 

carciT. 

daaxloebiT am droidan, 20-iani wlebis meore naxevridan iwyeba 

`miwasTan dabruneba~ (valerian gafrindaSvili). rogorc iTqva, es 

23

maincdamainc ar gasWirvebia tician tabiZes da imitomac, rom misi 

poeturi bunebac iTxovda amas. bohemur cxovrebaSi, simbolistobaSi, 

faqtia, rom didi iyo pozis xvedriTi wilic da, bunebrivia, arc amaSi 

iyo rame cudi da miuRebeli. 

20-iani wlebis bolodan sacnauri xdeba t. tabiZis rogorc poetis, 

qarTuli tradiciuli azrovnebisaken mibruneba, erovnuli msoflxati. 

`ticianis winaSe TandaTan realisturi leqsis gza daisaxa da 

dacemulobis poeziasTan kavSiri gawyvita. Tu winaT misi SemoqmedebiTi 

mizani iyo `besikis baRSi bodleris borotebis yvavilebi daergo, 

amieridan misi poezia daiwminda, burusi warsulma brZolebma gafantes 

da mis leqss mze daadga gvirgvinad~ (10; 102). 

is, rac ticianisaTvis siWabukis adreuli xanidan erTgvarad 

uariyo poetis mier, garkveuli droisa da erovnul-politikur viTarebis 

cvlilebaTa gamo kvlav tradiciul wiaRs daubrunda. msoflgancda da 

gamokiTxvis formebi mTlianad gamsWvalulia am uaryofa-ukanmibrunebis 

niSniT. t. tabiZis poeturi formireba-ganviTarebis gza `zRapris 

esTetikis~ enaze SeiZleba gamovsaxoT, rogorc zRapris gmiris `Sinidan~ 

ucilobeli gasvliT da kvlav ukan `dabrunebis~ poeturi formuliT. 

daaxloebiT 1925 wlidan sikvdilamde t. tabiZe wers leqsebs, romlebSic 

Tavbrudamxvevi realoba isaxeba. uSualobasa da gulwrfelobasTan 

erTad t. tabiZe poetis aucilebel Tvisebad vaJkacobas, pirovnul 

gamZleobas miiCnevs: vaJkacis sityvas foladis simtkice unda hqondes, 

raTa gulze moxvdes mkiTxvels. vaJkacuri xma leqss eniWeba klasikuri 

da xalxuri leqsis inerciiT. heroikul suraTs qmnis amgvari striqonebi: 

`xevsuris jaWvis nagleji rgoli _ 

erTi vacxadeb marto hazavats~. 

anda 

`vaJa-fSavelas vsunTqav filtvebiT....~ 

vaJkacuri xmis gasZliereblad tician tabiZe qarTuli xalxuri 

leqsis reminiscenciebs mimarTavs: 

24

èrTxel esrola berma papama 

da jixvi kldeze Camoekeca~ 

(`kaxeTi~) 

àse megona kameCis uRliT mec poeziis mival aRzevans~ 

(àRzevans wasvla~) 

`Seibnen erTad SaSvi, kakabi...~ 

ticiani mimarTavs rusTavelis striqonebis reminiscenciebs 

`ra saWiroa melnad giSris tba da kalmad kidev 

me na rxeuli~. 

am striqonebiT tician tabiZe siRrmiseul kavSirs avlens klasikur 

poeziasTan da ase amdidrebs Tavis poetur palitras, amasTan cnobil 

striqonebs me-20 saukunis suls STaberavs da ase iTavisebs maT. 

`me davibade aprilis TveSi~... ase iwyeba `leqsi mewyeri~, romelSic 

poetma Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi koncefcia gamoxata. leqsi movardnili 

mewyeria, anu stiqiasaviT moulodnelad Tavs atydeba Semoqmeds. 

SemoqmedebiTi procesi gulisxmobs cocxlad damarxvas, anu 

msxverplSewirvas da aRdgomas ganaxlebuli ZaliT. poeti emorCileba 

SemoqmedebiT Zalas. leqss ar wers poeti, Tavad imorCilebs leqsi mas. 

swored t. tabiZis weris aseTi Tavisebureba aqvT mxedvelobaSi, roca 

mkvlevrebi erTxmad miuTiTeben t. tabiZis rogorc poetis did 

uSualobaze, misi leqsis stiqionur xasiaTze. magram isic unda iTqvas, 

rom uSualoba, stiqionuroba mxolod erTi mxarea, erTi niSania t. 

tabiZis poeziisa, t. tabiZis poeziis erTi Tvisebureba mis 

inteleqtualurobaSic iCens Tavs. mis leqsebSi saqme gvaqvs ara marto 

grZnobaTa mozRvavebasTan, aramed did literaturul 

ganswavlulobasTanac da kerZod qarTuli klasikuri mwerlobis 

saerTod da kerZod XIX saukunis qarTuli poeziis Rrma codnasTan. 

25

t. tabiZis leqsebi gansakuTrebiT bolo droisa yuradRebas iqcevs XIX s. 

qarTul poetTa reminiscenciebiT, sazogadod didi zemoqmedebiT. am 

mxriv tician tabiZe gamorCeuli poetia mTels meoce saukuneSi. 

26

T a v i II 

XIX saukunis qarTvel mweralTa poeturi eqo tician tabiZis 

mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi 

tician tabiZe did siaxlesTan erTad qarTuli poeziis saukeTeso 

tradiciebis memkvidre da gamgrZelebeli iyo, ramac Tavi iCina rogorc 

misi Semoqmedebis TematikaSi, aseve gansaxierebis saSualebebSi. 

yoveli WeSmariti niWis msgavsad tician tabiZe didi interesiT 

epyroboda winapar poetTa da kerZod XIX saukunis qarTvel SemoqmedTa 

memkvidreobas. igi kargad iTvaliswinebda im ideis sasicocxlo 

mniSvnelobas, cxovelmyofelobas, romelic qarTuli literaturis did 

warmomadgnelTa moRvaweobas ganagebda. mas sisxlxorceulad hqonda 

SeTvisebuli, rom WeSmarit poezias eris interesebi asuldgmulebda. 

tician tabiZes poetis mTavar movaleobad saqveyno interesebiT 

gamsWvalva miaCnda. 

tician tabiZis poeziis erTi mTavari Temaa patriotuli grZnobis 

gamoxatva da igi am mxrivac memkvidrea winapar qarTvel poetTa 

tradiciebisa. magram memkvidreoba, SemoqmedebiTi gavlena ar 

Semofarglula mxolod ideur-Tematikuri sferoTi. tician tabiZe 

araerTgzis migviTiTebs, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania misTvis XIX saukunis 

qarTvel poetTa mier gamoyenebuli gamoxatvis saSualebebi, calkeuli 

xatebi, sityvieri samosi. magram rogorc es WeSmariti xelovanis 

SemTxvevaSi xdeba, wina poetTa gamocdileba, weris Taviseburebebi 

amovardnili ki ar aris saerTo stilidan, aramed Zaldautaneblad aris 

Sesuli, daqvemdebarebulia tician tabiZis weris maneras. 

rogorc mdidari sulis xelovanisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, 

tician tabiZe ar cdilobs damalos kvali im gamocdilebisa, rac mas 

winapar poetTagan miuRia, es ar sWirdeba mas, radgan poeturi 

individualurobaa da sxvaTa CrdilSi darCena ar emuqreba. 

Cveni amocanaa gavarkvioT, rogor iCens Tavs tician tabiZis 

27

poeziaSi XIX saukunis qarTvel SemoqmedTa saxe da gamocdileba, Tu ra 

sixSiriT, ra intensivobiT vlindeba igi. 

amTaviTve unda aRiniSnos, rom WeSmariti SemoqmedebiTi gavlenis 

SemTxvevaSi kvleva-Zieba, warmoCena zemoqmedebis kvalisa erTob Zneli 

saqmea, ramdenadac amgvari kvleva gulisxmobs xelovanis Semoqmedebis 

erTob Rrma fenebSi Sesvlis, xSir SemTxvevaSi uxilav sferoebSi 

SeRwevis pretenzias, rac windawinve uimedo da ganwiruli Tu araa 

marcxisaTvis, Znelze-Zneli saqme kia. aRniSnuli ki gulisxmobs, rom 

Zalian xSirad aseTi amocanis dasaxvis dros mkvlevari mxolod 

nagrZnobis sferoSi unda darCes da mxolod varaudebiT unda 

Semoifarglos, romelTa dasabuTeba ver moxerxdeba azris enaze. 

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom Znelia WeSmariti xelovanis 

SemoqmedebiTi procesis Sinagani meqanizmis gaTvaliswineba. mxatvrul 

saSualebaTa gamoyenebis gza xSirad TviT xelovanTaTvisac 

gaucnobierebelia 1 . yovelive aRniSnuli winaswar unda miviRoT 

mxedvelobaSi, magram bunebrivia Tqmuli arc imas gulisxmobs, rom am 

rigis sakiTxebis kvlevaze xeli aviRoT da winaswar uari ganvacxadoT, 

radgan aseT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleboda TviT literaturuli kvleva-Ziebis 

saqmec dagveyenebina eWvs qveS. `literaturaTmcodneoba jer kidev Sorsaa 

upasuxos kiTxvas _ ra aris, anu rogori aris SemoqmedebiTi procesi, 

magram mas ar SeuZlia xeli aiRos am sakiTxis kvlevaze, radgan es 

iqneboda uaris Tqma literaturaTmcodneobis rogorc mecnierebis 

arsebobaze~ (16; 30). 

yovelive aRniSnulis safuZvelze Cven SevecdebiT vaCvenoT rogoria 

poet tician tabiZis mimarTeba cal-calke XIX saukunis qarTvel 

poetebTan. 

aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom ama Tu im poetTan tician tabiZis 

mimarTebis gaTvaliswinebisas SedarebiT sruli warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad 

_____________________________________ 

1. 

SemoqmedebiTi procesebis Seswavlis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, am procesTa kvlevis sirTulis 

Sesaxeb qarTul enaze ix. i. evgeniZe, vaJa-fSavela (cxovrebisa da SemoqmedebiTi istoriis sakiTxebi), Tb; 1989, 

gv. 30-47 

28

zogjer ver avicdenT wina TavSi warmodgenili faqtobrivi masalis 

ramdenadme sxva formiT da sxva aspeqtiT gameorebas. 

tician tabiZem evropuli orientaciis qarTvel simbolist 

poetebTan 

erTad Seqmna XX saukunis qarTuli poeziis ena da poeturi azrovneba. 

simbolistebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli misticizmis, sikvdilisa da 

simaxinjis, avadmyofuri ganwyobilebebis apologiisagan gansxvavebiT 

rogorc iTqva, tician tabiZis leqsebSi didia swrafva naTeli 

azrovnebisa da sinamdvilis gamosaxvisadmi. qarTuli klasikuri poeziis 

tradiciebTan dabruneba TandaTan mZafrdeba da mis poeziaSi XIX 

saukunis poetTa striqonebi iWrebian reminiscenciebad, gadaZaxilad Tu 

monatrebad. sakuTari poeturi warsulisadmi poetis damokidebuleba 

ironiuli xdeba da Zveli, epigonuri gza-uaryofili. qarTul niadagTan 

poetis mibruneba sakuTari fesvebis, pirvelwiaRis povnas edareba:L 

`CvenTvis dResaswaulebi marto rafiel erisTavis leqsebSia~. 

àkakis da ilias leqsebs patarZlebi mRerian TavianTTvis saSinel 

Rames~ _ aRniSnavs tician tabiZe leqsSi òrpiris oqropiri~. 

marto pirquSi atmosferos zemoqmedebiT ki ara, aramed Sinagani 

mzaobiTac siWabukis cdunebad, saxadad aris aRqmuli poetis mier 

dadaizmiT, ucxouri gavleniT aRbeWdili Tavisi poezia, xolo 

tradiciul klasikur poeziasTan mibruneba ki CaTvlilia bunebriv 

movlenad: 

leqsSi `nu gaikvirveb~, poeti acxadebs: 

`ra saWiroa aq pirferoba, 

marTla mxiblavda me erTdros `dada~, 

mtanjavi iyo es gaoreba, 

monanieba ki aris sada~. 

gacnobierebuli arCevani poetisaTvis _ mSobliuri, klasikuri 

poeziis wiaRSi mobruneba _ samSoblos gancdiT, tragikuli grZnobiT 

aris STagonebuli. patriotizmi, `qarTlis bedis~ sakiTxi tician tabiZis 

poeziis umTavres RerZad iqca da gamosaxvis forma, poeturi azrovneba 

29

uneburad mSobliur niadags mieswrafa. XIX saukunis qarTuli poeziis 

mTavari saTqmelic xom samSoblos bedis gansazRvraa. amdenad grigol 

orbelianis, nikoloz baraTaSvilis, ilias, akakis da vaJas poeturi 

azrovneba tician tabiZis samyarod, Zveli da axali azrovnebis 

gamTlianebis cdad iqca. 

aleqsandre WavWavaZe 

pirveli qarTveli romantikosis aleqsandre WavWavaZis poeziis Rrma 

codna, misdami Zalian seriozuli, faqizi damokidebuleba yvelgan Cans 

tician tabiZis nawerebSi. gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo ki aris narkvevi 

`qarTveli mwerlebi somxeTSi~. aleqsandre WavWavaZis aCrdili Tan 

axlavs poets somxeTSi, igi miuZRvis TiTqos tician tabiZes gogCis tbis 

sanapiroebisaken. igive amaRlebuli ganwyobilebebi eufleba mas am 

pirquSi sanaxaobis cqerisas, Tavad poeti uZluria sxvagvarad gadmosces 

Tavisi ganwyobilebebi, Tu ar didi winapris sityvebiT. àqamde sevans 

darCenili aqvs Zveli kolizeis elferi, TiTqos misi midamo ar 

gamocvlila mas Semdeg, rac oTxmocda rva wlis winaT didebulad 

aRwera poetma aleqsandre WavWavaZem _ marTlac `gogCis tba~ mis 

leqsebSi saukeTesoa. rogorc cnobilia, aleqsandre WavWavaZe 30-ian 

wlebSi mTeli sasomxeTis ufrosi iyo da es leqsic aq dauweria. Cvens 

Tvalwin idga es Zveli gogCa _ `tba vrceli, xmovanebiT zRvisa mbaZavi~, 

`viT broli gulubryvilo, wmida, uZravi~, romelic `Tvis Soris hxatavs 

cisa laJvars da mTaTa mwvaneT~. 

`sad hyvavebulan didebulad qalaqni vrcelni 

da sad dRes vxedavT oden buTa da natamalTa. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

aha, palatTa didebulTa ngreuli naSTi, 

aha, qalaqTa CinebulTa xvedri ucilo!~ 

30

Semdeg iwyeba mogoneba, Tu rogori iyo CoganTa taceba Wabuk 

mxedarTa gamosacdelad, SubTa triali, jiriTiT tyorcna da isarT 

srola; Tu rogor mjdara aq gancxromiT ganmSvenebuli Zali maRals 

taxtsa amayad, wyalobiTa da risxvis frqveviT mmarTveli erTa. aq 

mocemulia Seudarebeli romantiuli sevda gadasuli siyvarulisa: 

`trfialni aqac SemsWvalvian kvlav erTmaneTTa, 

ravdenT banovanT Svenebani, axlad mSlilobni, 

Wavlis siwmindes miuzidavs napirs am tbisas, 

vardni, zambaxni da mixakni da giSris mwyobrni, 

ramdengzis turfad garduRia sarkesa wylisas ... ~ 

da yvelafers amas mainc bolo erTi aqvs, yvelafers warwymeds dro 

,,Tvisi msvreli celiTo~ (43; 202-203). msjeloba aleqsandre WavWavaZis 

leqsis momarjvebiT kidev grZeldeba... aq ki SedarebiT vrclad imitom 

warmovadgineT amonaweri, rom vnaxoT, ramdenad zemoqmedebas axdens 

tician tabiZeze aleqsandre WavWavaZis poeturi azri da saleqso fraza, 

rom mogzaurobis STabeWdilebebis, Tavisi fiqrebis gadmocemas igi 

aleqsandre WavWavaZis leqsiT axdens da ar uCndeba araviTari 

ukmarisobis grZnoba, an sxvagvarad Tqmis moTxovnileba. 

sxva SemTxvevaSi ki sazogadod unda iTqvas, rom naklebia poet 

tician tabiZeze aleqsandre WavWavaZis frazis zemoqmedebis Zala. 

31

grogol orbeliani 

grigol orbelianis mWevrmetyveluri, amaRlebuli poezia did 

zemoqmedebas axdens poet tician tabiZeze. 

samSoblos gancdiT XIX s-is poetur azrovnebas mibrunebuli 

tician tabiZisaTvis leqsebi iwereba erTgvar anderZad, epitafiad. 

grigol orbelianis striqonebi axleburad cocxldeba leqsSi `maS, 

gamarjveba~: saqarTveloSi sikvdili SeuZlebelia Cveulebrivad, 

ubralod da TiTqos winaswar gansazRvrulia uCveulo, araCveulebrivi 

myofoba: 

`sxva rom mokvdeba, misTvis ra ari, 

wava, gaqreba, rogorc sizmari, 

me ki ra vuyo am goliaT mTebs, 

rom qondris kacsac devad aganTebs~. 

metaforuli azrovneba TandaTan aforistulad gardaisaxa da am 

leqsSi bediswerad gacxadda: 

`sjobs aRar gqondes sulac samSoblo, 

anda ar iyos ase lamazi!~ 

anda 

`davbadebulvar rom viyo mona, 

da saqarTvelos medgas uReli~. 

es striqonebi sruliqmna grigol orbelianis poeturi azrovnebis 

ZaliT: 

`sxva saqarTvelo mainc sad ari 

romeli kuTxe romel qveynisa 

vis TuTqavs ase cecxlis Radari 

qveynad samoTxe sxvas vis eRirsa~ 

32

grigol orbelianis poema `sadRegrZelo~ poeturad axleburad 

gacocxlda tician tabiZis poemaSi `somxeTSi~. t. tabiZe XIX s-is 

poetebTan erTgvar gadaZaxils mimarTavs da ilias, grigol orbelianis, 

xalxuri poeziis poetur azrovnebas uRrmavdeba. `qvaTa RaRadi~ hqvia 

poemis pirvel Tavs, sadac `socialistur qvaTa RaRads~ wers drois 

moTxovnaTa mopasuxed mzadmyofi poeti, xolo mexuTe Tavi poemisa, 

faqtobrivad, `sadRegrZelos~ poeturi gardaTqmaa: 

`grigol orbeliani ase iwyebs 

Tavis `sadRegrZelos~ 

anu 

_ omis Semdgom Rame lxins 

erevnis siaxloves~... 

_ `Sewyda bindisas omi sazari 

dadumda are, sad hquxda brZola. 

gamarjvebuli moilxens jari, 

urdo cecxlebiT ganaTebula...~ 

poets warmoudgeba dangreuli erevnis cixe da àfTarTa jari~, 

faSa da qurTi, TaTari, somexi da qarTveli erTurTs ebrZodnen mudam. 

dRes èrovnuli SuRli~ aRar arsebobs, `klasTa brZolam~ istoria 

sizmrad aqcia... 

tician tabiZe or droSi xatavs am adgils: 

ès is adgilia, sadac grigol orbeliani 

werda Tavis `sadRegrZelos~ 

anu 

_ omis Semdgom Rame lxins. 

erevnis siaxloves. 

Cvenc erevanis varT siaxloves, 

vzivarT aq erTad sardaris baRSi. 

axali ismis aq sadRegrZelo, 

33

ufro axali vaSa da taSi~. 

rogorc iliaseul `qvaTa RaRads~ `socialisturi qvaTa RaRadi~ 

upirispirdeba, ise grigol orbelianiseul `sadRegrZelos~ axali drois 

lxini da sadRegrZelo. romantiulia tician tabiZiseuli àxali Taobis~ 

sadidebeli, SesaZloa survilad ufro iTqvas, magram poeti Seecada, 

warsulis idealizacia daeZlia, momavali da awmyo erwmuna. 

siWabukeSi bohemur cxovrebas dawafebuli tician tabiZe sxva 

SemTxvevaSiac xSirad grZnobs erTgvar siaxloves lxinis mefe, 

orTaWalis baRebis xSir stumar grigol orbelianTan da es tician 

tabiZis leqsebis mkiTxvelisTvisac xdeba cxadi. 

nikoloz baraTaSvili 

nikoloz baraTaSvilisadmi tician tabiZis mimarTebas SeuZlebelia 

ewodos poeturi mimarTeba, sulieri zegavlena da a.S. poeti adreuli 

bavSvobidan ganmsWvalulia baraTaSvilis suliskveTebiT da misi poezia 

hkvebavs yovelJam. nikoloz baraTaSvilisadmi ticianis damokidebulebas 

arasodes Sexebia eWvi, fiqri uamuri, radgan Tavisi tkiviliT, gancdiT, 

aRmafreniTa Tu sevdiT romantikosi poeti mudam axlobeli da 

Tanamlmobelia misi. tician tabiZes baraTaSviliseuli evropeizmi 

ganacvifrebs, xolo poeturi saxeebiT mudam sazrdoobs da axleburad 

acocxlebs Tavis leqsSi `demons~, `yorans~, `wylis dudunsa~ Tu 

`rwmenis taZars~. amasTan, ticiani am poetur saxeebs goeTes, baironis da 

simbolistTa kohortis gansxvavebul xelweras matebs: 

òh, Semibrale cxovrebis geri, nu Seexebi Cems sulis simebs, Torem 

sabralod aqviTindeba. samaris xmazed mudam mosTqvams is da Tavis 

oblobas zecas SesCivis, magram he, vin Seibralebs oboli mudam oblad 

valalebs..... 

34

... Znelia, Znelia obloba, siglaxake sulisa, Tumca saxareba ki 

mogviTxrobs _ `netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa~. am martoobas da siobles 

sulisas dastiris menave. roca Tavis navs lurj-kamkama tbaze miacurebs. 

mas ar anugeSebs varskvlavebiT moqarguli ca, arc mTvare, romelic viT 

qandakeba simwuxarisa da siyvarulis ciuri simbolo _ mgosanma locviT 

moqanculs ucodvels suls rom Seadara _ Tavs dahqaTqaTebs, magram ar 

aris mTqmeli, ise viT wminda kandeli~. (,,boroti genia’’) 

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, tician tabiZis poeturi proza, romelsac 

ymawvili mowafeobidan wers, nikoloz baraTaSviliseuli ganwyobilebebisa 

da poeturi suliskveTebis gacocxlebaa: ymawvils, poetis azriT, 

aucileblad esxmis Tavs boroti demoni, romelic cdilobs daakargvinos 

`rwmenis taZari~, sulSi eWvi da gaoreba CauTesos. igi mefistofelis 

aCrdilad esaxeba da mwuxare Rameebis gamamwareblad: 

`bavSvobisas vamCnevdi, rom raRac idumali xma Tan damsdevda, 

yurSi miCurCulebda, magram xma mkafio misgan arasdros msmenia. 

is dRea da is dRe, aRar mSordeba. yovel Cems zraxvas, idumal 

ltolvas igi winamZRvrobs da masTan ise vgrZnob Tavs, viT mezRvauri 

uialqno naviT aboboqrebul zRvaze, suli mWmunvarebs mis klanWebSi man 

momiwamla sarwmunoeba, pirvelad man CaTesa uwvrTnel gulSi iWvi da 

axla ki mis umweo qviTinze dacinvis Rimi ukrTis pirs~ (`boroti genia~). 

warmodgenil striqonebSi axleburad cocxldeba baraTaSvilis 

`sulo boroto~ da `xma idumali~, amasTan poeti aRwevs romantiul 

suliskveTebas is liriuli tonaloba SesZinos, rac ganmsWvalavs poetis 

baraTebs. 

tician tabiZis poeturi proza saxismetyvelurad nikoloz 

baraTaSviliseuli `xedvis~ gacocxlebaa. SesaZloa iTqvas, rom es ar 

aris ymawviluri zegavlena, poetis Tvali, pirvelive ganwyobilebebi 

TanadamTxvevaa saukunis win ganmcdeli ymawvili poetisa. 

baraTaSviliseuli poeturi samyaro, romantikuli suliskveTeba, sevdakaeSani 

Tu `qarTlis bediT~ mWmunvareba aRviZebs Wabuki ticianis poetur 

bunebas. amrigad, misi adreuli asakis prozauli nawarmoebebi da leqsebi 

baraTaSvilis striqonebiTaa STagonebuli: 

35

`sofliT devnili, bediT mwared anatirebi, misken miveCqarebi, iq 

wamiT mainc Tu ipovis suli simSvides. ros daRamdeba, mwuxris zewarSi 

gaexveva sofeli da ares mkvdari mdumareba daepatroneba, maSin mxolod 

imav nakadis Cumi qviTini, yru godeba Tu arRvevs am myudroebas, 

romelic, viT glovis ride, kidiT kidemde awevs qveyanas. 

idayvdayrdnobili yurs vugdeb mas da suli ocnebis mxarisken mifrinavs, 

mignebaTa mkrTalni aCrdilni Tavs damcimcimeben da TvalTagan 

lmobierebis mduRare cremli mdis xolme. es sevdiani duduni ar aris 

gulCaTxrobili, sasowarkveTili moTqma, _ masSi gamosWvivis imedi~ 

(`nakadis duduni~). 

ritmiTac cocxldeba baraTaSviliseuli gancda: 

`miyvars... miyvars me gamourkvevi nakadis Cqriali, misi idumali, 

sevdiani RuRuni...~ 

`fiqrni mtkvris piras~ t. tabiZis poeturi STagonebaa mTeli misi 

cxovrebis manZilze. yovelgvari nakadi Tu mdinare, masSi acocxlebs 

baraTaSviliseul `fiqrebs~ da poeturi pozac meordeba kvlav _ 

ìdayvdayrdnobili~... 

romantizmis TeoretikosTa azriT, kacobriobis metyveleba 

iwyeboda poeziiT da es iyo xalxuri poezia, miTologia, zRaprebi da 

legendebi. romantizmis pirveli warmomadgenlebi evropasa Tu ruseTSi 

uaryofen literaturaSi damkvidrebul da dakanonebul normebs da 

sulier tkivilTa Svebas hpoveben egzotikur, xelSeuvleb bunebrivobaSi. 

qarTvel simbolistTa pirveli poeturi striqonebi, quTaisis gimnaziis 

garemo franguli simbolizmis gavlenamde mTlianad baraTaSvilis 

zemoqmedebiTaa aRbeWdili. baraTaSvili batonobs Wabukur 

suliskveTebaze. mxolod mogvianebiT cvlis am suliskveTebas 

simaxinjisa da sikvdilis, avadmyofobisa da SiSis apologia. es 

ganwyobilebebi ki bunebrivad mohyva romantikosTa Taobis Semdgom 

poezias. 

`sulo borotos~ erTgvari variaciaa leqsi ìs ki mzakvrulad 

iRimeboda~. tician tabiZisaTvis demoni, boroti suli Sesacnobi da 

aRqmadia: 

`martod viyavi, mwared movsTqvamdi 

36

Cems martoobas, sulis oblobas, 

vswyevlidi soflis ukuRma trials, 

mis siduxWires, daundoblobas. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Savs sarecelzed, sikvdilismlode, 

vegde beSdavi, suli mxdeboda, 

da maSvral TvalTgan cremlebi rbodnen, 

ìs ki mzakvrulad iRimeboda~. 

baraTaSvilis fenomenze saubrisas, misi poeturi STagonebis 

gansazRvrisas arCil jorjaZe warsulisa da awmyos dapirispirebis, 

romantiuli sulis xasiaTis raobaze msjelobisas aRniSnavda: `warsulSi 

iyo Tavisufleba da dideba, awmyoSi monoba da gaxrwnileba. warsuli 

baraTaSvilisTvis aRvivebs romantiul grZnobas maradisobisas, awmyoSi 

saSinels fiqrs cxovrebis amaoebisas. baraTaSvilis droindeli 

saqarTvelo poets swored am grZnobebs uRvivebda gulSi~. 

sainteresoa, rom 1909 wels gazeT `droebaSi~ gaimarTa saintereso 

paeqroba arCil jorjaZes, grigol robaqiZesa da dimitri uznaZes Sors. 

paeqrobis sagani gaxda grigol robaqiZis sajaro leqcia nikoloz 

baraTaSvilze _ `sulieri drama nikoloz baraTaSvilis~. Tavdapirvelad 

mas leqcia TbilisSi waukiTxavs 1909 wels qarTul TeatrSi, imave wlis 

noemberSi ki _ quTaisSi (4; 29). 

arCil jorjaZis `poeziis samflobeloSi g. robaqiZis leqciis 

gamo~ gamoqveynda gazeT `droebaSi~, g. robaqiZe gamoexmaura werils. amas 

mohyva dimitri uznaZisa `mcire ganmarteba~, kvlav g. robaqiZis pasuxi... 

sazogadoeba didi interesiT Sexeda leqcias da am paeqrobasac. SeiZleba 

vigulisxmoT, rom interesiT adevnebda am literaturul paeqrobas Tvalyurs 

yrma tician tabiZe. misi leqsebi baraTaSviliseuli striqonebiT da 

misi poeturi xedviT gacocxlebulia swored 1909 wlidan. 

zemomoxmobili striqonebi 1909-1910 wlebiT TariRdeba. grigol robaqiZe, 

tician tabiZisTvis esoden axlobeli pirovneba uTuod baraTaSviliseul 

fenomens Rrmad Seacnobinebda poets. amrigad, sruliad bunebrivia 

tician tabiZis poeziaSi `baraTaSviliseuli cikli~ vigulisxmoT. 

37

1919 wels daiwera t. tabiZis leqsi `yvavili~ baraTaSvilis 

motivebze: boroti qari usisinebs naz yvavils da gaqrobiT emuqreba. 

èsmis yvela es obol yvavilsa 

da cremlebi sdis umwed STenilsa~. 

martoobis, bedisgan ganwirulebis gancda iSleba leqsSi `meliton 

CogovaZis xsovnas~ (1910w). ritmi da leqsika kvlav baraTaSviliseulia: 

`gadmoswolia samyaros nisli, 

xevSi nakadi mwared qviTinebs: 

`sofliT ganiltvo, gamoitireT!~ 

avi demoni uRvTod xiTxiTebs~. 

suliT oblobis gancda, amsofliuri amaoebiT tanjvaa 

gadmocemuli amave ciklis leqsSi (`...wynari Ramea~), romelic dawerilia 

1910 wels: 

òx! rom SemeZlos, bedkruls amJamad, 

SemouerTde Tqvens RvTiur krebas, 

movwyde qveyanas, codvis savanes 

sasizmro mxares gavye ocnebas~. 

martooba da obloba sulisa, `mudam tirili~ da `Savi naRveli~, 

`mgloviare bulbuli~ da `sevda kruli~ kvlav baraTaSviliseuli hangiT 

aris gacocxlebuli leqsSi `melodia~: 

`miyvars me Rame gulCaxveuli, 

ros RrubelT gundi daCrdilavs mTvares, 

odes niavi Cumad qviTinebs, 

idumaloba moicavs ares... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 

`naZvi maRali, CayviTlebuli, 

38

cad atyorcnili, ros Cumad stiris 

da martoobas, mudam oblobas 

gulCaTxrobili zecas SesCivis~ 

1910 wels `baraTaSviliseul ciklSi~ moulodneli saxea mxolod 

`CayviTlebuli~ naZvi. es saxe-xati ucxoa baraTaSviliseuli 

saxismetvelebisaTvis da vfiqrobT, ukve momavali simbolisturi 

xatmetyvelebis gaCenis mauwyebelia ticianis poeziaSi. 

baraTaSviliseuli `Conguri da simTa kvnesa, `turfas~ 

momajadovebeli Cangi da suliT oblobis mZafri gancdaa gadmocemuli 

leqsSi... `Camovhkar Congurs~, romelsac baraTaSvilis striqonebi 

waumZRvara poetma: 

`hoi, Conguro, netavi odes 

xma mxiaruli SengniT msmenodes~. 

am leqsSi pirvelad Cndeba samSoblos saxe da poetis sevdas 

pirovnul kaeSanTan erTad `samSoblo mxarec~ `bans aZlevs~. bunebis 

gancda baraTaSviliseulia, leqsi 1910 wels aris Seqmnili: 

`vrceli udabno... cremlis xeoba... 

vdgevar, mikvnesis oboli suli 

guls kaeSanma daisadgura 

Cangic qviTinebs acremlebuli. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

martodmarto var, Senze mlocveli, 

Cem win ganrTxmula Savi samare, 

da moklul gulis mware Civilsa 

kvnesiT bans aZlevs samSoblo mxare!~ 

`samSoblos xatis~ poeziaSi SemoWra tician tabiZis gancdaSi 

imavdroulad iliaseul poetur tradicias Tanxvdeba. am bolo 

39

striqonebSi `samSoblos gancda gasakvirveli~ ukve ilias sulier 

siaxlovesac gvagrZnobinebs. niSandoblivia, rom 1911 wlidan leqsebSi 

baraTaSviliseul hangs erTvis iliaseuli saxe-simboloebis gacocxleba 

_ `myinvari~, `Tergi~... nel-nela sevdis hangs iliaseuli `ZarRvi~ mosdevs, 

magram didxans gasdevs poets suliT oblobis gancdis 

baraTaSviliseulad gadmocemis survili. leqsSi `sevdis simRera~ 

`satanas qnars~ upirispirdeba `mwuxare~ simRera: 

`maSin simRera me momesmis sadRac mwuxare! 

simRera Cumi, sevdiani da mgloviare, 

gulis wiaRSi swvdeba es xma sulT qviTinebas, 

mudam oboli oblobasve moTqvams, valalebs, 

ox! rarig miyvars es simRera naRvlian xmaze~. 

merani da misi daucxromeli ltolva t. tabiZis poeziaSi 

baraTaSviliseuli sazrisiT Cndeba 1910-iani wlebidan. leqsSi òcnebis 

frTebze~ poeti eswrafvis ùxilavs~ miswvdes. Tu baraTaSvilis swrafva 

miwier `sazRvarTa~ gadalaxvaa, t. tabiZe acxadebs, rom `ltolvas ara 

aqvs sazRvari, ride~, swrafvas frTebi aqvs _ òcnebis frTebs~ 

mindobilia. 

`salams miZRvnian Soreul qveynis 

maRali mTebi, miwa da cani, 

ram SeaCeros ocnebis raSi, 

ram SeaCeros ltolvis merani~ 

sinamdvilisgan gaqceuli `ltolvis merani~ saswauls eZebs da Jams 

erkineba. bunebrivi asociacia leqsis kiTxvisas acocxlebs baraTaSvilis 

merans. poeti grZnobs baraTaSviliseuli poeturi swrafvis 

Zalmosilebas da axleburad acocxlebs meranis swrafvas poetur 

warmosaxvaSi. 

merani tician tabiZis poetur samyaroSi baraTaSviliseuli 

swrafvis simbolod iqca. `muxranis velze saTqmeli leqsis~ poetur 

40

galereaSi guramiSvilis, rusTavelisa da ilias gverdiT, n. baraTaSvili 

Tavis meranTan erTad cxaddeba: 

ùyeles, yeli gamoRadres 

da aubnies leqsis gza-kvali, 

magram gaTelavs am kldesa da Rres 

baraTaSvilis meranis nali~. 

poemaSi `guldagul~ tician tabiZe `bedi qarTlisas~ motivebze 

Tavisi drois samSoblos beds iZiebs: 

ès iyo maSin, 

es iyo winaT, 

im iverias 

mwuxri efina~. 

rusis mefeebi poets svavebad hyavs warmosaxuli, dapyrobil mxares 

rom SiSs hgvrian: 

`daawva SiSi 

qveyanas verans, 

baraTaSvilic eZaxda merans~. 

1929 wels daweril poemaSi poeti baraTaSvilis `merans~ uwodebs 

morevs, romelic gulze awevT poetebs, xolo `bedi qarTlisa~ mis droSi 

Sromisa da oflis lelod gadaSlila: 

`bedi qarTlisa 

mis erTgul rainds 

aseT leqsiT gadaeSala: 

`s a d a c a q a m d e 

x m l i T d a Z a l i T 

f l o b d a q a r T v e l i, 

41

m u n s a m S v i d o b o 

m o q a l a q i s 

m a r T a v s a w x e l i...~ 

Cvenc xelmeored 

davibadeniT, _ 

vsTqviT poetebma 

gulis dadebiT: 

_ idos qarqaSSi 

xmali mRelvare, 

ayvavdes SromiT 

samSoblo mxare. 

mizani aqvs es dRes saqarTvelos, 

SromiT da ofliT 

gavitanT lelos~. 

`bedisweris~ frena àryofnisaken~ kvlav meranis swrafvad 

cxaddeba leqsSi `mkvdari legenda~: 

`guSin~ ar maxsovs... `xvale~ hgavs ufskruls... 

raa cxovreba.. mkvdari legenda! 

stirodeT Cems suls, cocxlad damarxuls 

gauxarebels... dedilo, deda!~ 

ocnebis, bedisweris, swrafvisa da ltolvis gancdas poeti 

baraTaSvilis meranis gacocxlebiT aRwevs. meraniseburi swrafva misTvis 

bunebrivia da mSobliuri. sainteresoa Tavad romantikosTa poetur 

azrovnebasTan t. tabiZis mimarTeba Semoqmedebis adreul etapze (1910-iani 

wlebidan 1922-23 wlebamde), vidre simbolizmi mTlianad moicavs mis 

mxatvrul aRqmas. raRa Tqma unda, didia baraTaSvilis gavlena, 

romantiuli sulis zemoqmedeba, Wabukuri zeSTagonebis pirvel etapze, 

magram aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT, rom literaturaTmcodneobaSi 

samarTlianad aris Sefasebuli baraTaSvilis erT-erTi umTavresi wyaro 

_ xalxuri poeturi azrovneba. 

42

e. virsalaZe baraTaSvilis merans Zvel qarTul xalxur leqsTan 

mimarTebaSi ganixilavda: 

`sikvdilo sicocxlisada, Tavs ara mogcem mudarad, 

waval, mindorSi movkvdebi, Saman meyofis sudarad, 

damitireben kaWkaWni, yornebi movlen mudama~ (20; 34). 

Suasaukuneebis saraindo poemebSi, evropul romanebsa da 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ meranis, taiWis Rrma saxismetyveluri sazrisi kargad 

aris Seswavlili (12). 

qarTul cnobierebaSi raindis mxedruli suliskveTeba wmida 

giorgis kults ukavSirdeba da miwier-sulier sazRvris daRlevas 

gulisxmobs. am klasikur gardasaxvas aRwevs srbolis, zeswrafvis 

sazrisi t. tabiZis poeziaSi Semdgom etapze. baraTaSviliseuli meranis 

STagonebas poeti aRrmavebs Rrmadsimboluri, apokalipturi sazrisiT. 

leqsi `cxeni angelosiT~ msoflmxedvelobrivad srulqmnilia da 

baraTaSviliseuli meranisgan ukve daSorebuli. 

meraniT STagonebis poetur asakSi t. tabiZe satrfos 

baraTaSviliseulad moiazrebs. siyvarulis grZnobis sityvieri xatwera 

RvTaebrivs, mSveniers gulisxmobs da sevdis, miuwvdomlobis aCrdili 

axlavs. moucilebelia sikvdilze fiqri da satrfosgan ver-datirebis 

gancda: 

ùdabnod cremli tyvilad iRvreba, 

sTvlems ca mdumare... qveyanas sZinavs, 

satrfo Sors aris, satrfo naRveli, 

ufro is mtanjavs, rom misi cremli 

ar daefrqveva mis mgosnis saflavs~. 

oblobis gancdas, satrfos dakargvas, samSoblos pyrobilobasa da 

sulier tkivils, baraTaSvilis hangiT gadmocems t. tabiZe 1910 wels 

daweril leqsSi `nugeSad damrCa cremli mduRare~, romlis striqonebi 

da ritmic ki gulisxmobs `satrfos cremlis wil...~ 

43

`mec myavda satrfo! vuJRerdi simebs, 

exla sadRaa... faravs samare, 

magram am soflad ara var oblad, 

nugeSad damrCa cremli mduRare...~ 

sruliad gansxvavebulia Semoqmedebis momdevno etapze tician 

tabiZiseuli siyvarulis poeturi gancda. 20-ian wlebSi satrfialo 

motivze dawerili leqsebSi `karmensita~, `santimentaluri mogzauroba~, 

`Tamunia wereTels~, ànanurTan~... gancda dramatul xasiaTs iRebs da 

poeturi aRqma kdemamosili an Warbad vnebiania. es leqsebi ukve tician 

tabiZiseuli mxatvruli azrovnebis nimuSebia, xolo adreul etapze 

baraTaSviliT iyo STagonebuli. 

satrfosadmi swrafva sruliad gansxvavdeba adreuli 

ganwyobilebisgan, romelsac pirobiTad `satrfos cremlis wil~ 

vuwodeT: 

`da vxvdebi axla, rom silamazes 

aRar hqonia qveynad sazRvari. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

zRva ise iyo mSvidi da wynari, 

rom aRarc maxsovs, iyo Tu ara!~ 

aseTi gradaciulia poeturi STagonebis gza t. tabiZis 

SemoqmedebaSi, vidre Tavis poetur saxes hpovebs, Semoqmedebis 

saTaveebTan nikoloz 

baraTaSvilis gavlena masze ganuzomelia. 

samarTlianad aRniSnavs l. avaliani `cisferyanwelTa~ 

damokidebulebis Sesaxeb winaprebisadmi: 

`Tvali rom mivadevnoT cisferyanwelTa adrindel Sexedulebebs, 

isic aRmoCndeba, rom zogi maTi Sexeduleba imTaviTve gasaziarebeli iyo. 

vaJas fenomenis jerovani dafaseba, rusTavelis, guramiSvilisa da 

baraTaSvilis WeSmariti rolis moniSvna, ilias, rogorc Zalumi nebis 

pirovnebis aRiareba, zogierTma Tvalsazrisma warmoSva winaaRmdegoba 

cisferyanwelTa banakis SigniT, zogi ki uTuod artistuli pozis Sedegi 

44

iyo. aqac Tavi iCina cisferyanwelTa adreuli periodisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebelma Segnebulma wregadasulma siTamamem, efeqturi frazebiT 

Jongliorobam, midrekilebam paradoqsebisadmi. 

XIX s-is qarTuli mwerlobis uaryofiT cisferyanwelebi 

xelovnurad gaemijnen mis uwyvet dinebas. es ki waagavda im totis 

moWras, romelzec isini isxdnen. amitom iyo, rom èrovnuli poziciis~ 

gamagrebis mosurne cisferyanwelebi qarTvel winamorbedebs eZiebdnen. es 

arc ise ioli saqme iyo da arcTu erTsulovneba sufevda maT Soris am 

sakiTxSi. 

sxvadasxva dros maT winaprad daisaxes besiki, guramiSvili, 

baraTaSvili~ (6; 105). tician tabiZis damokidebuleba n. baraTaSvilis 

poeziisadmi gamokveTilad mravalsaxovania, gradaciuli da idealuri. 

l. minaSvili Tavis narkvevSi tician tabiZeze wers: 

`t. tabiZes uyuradRebod ar rCeba n. baraTaSvilis erT-erTi 

adreuli leqsi `napoleon~. misi azriT, es leqsi niSandoblivia misi 

individualisturi ganwyobilebebisaTvis~ (34; 186). Semdgom mecnieri 

ganixilavs literaturaTmcodneobaSi damkvidrebul da Semdgom 

uaryofil am azrs da `Zlieri pirovnebisadmi~ baraTaSvilis 

damokidebulebis Sesaxeb i. evgeniZis naazrevs iSveliebs: 

`sakuTari Zalebis TviTgancda Zlieri pirovnebis niSania da 

Zlierebis gamomxatveli es Tviseba n. baraTaSvilis poeziis dedaZarRvia~ 

(19; 71). 

t. tabiZem n. baraTaSvilis leqsis `napoleon~ gancda erTgvarad 

gardasaxa leqsSi `Cemi simRera~, romelic 1911 wels dauweria. 

`bedis karebis~ gadalaxva da sikvdilis damarcxeba, bednierebis 

savanis damkvidreba mxolod Zlier, mefur bunebas ZaluZs. igi mihqris 

ukvdavebisken, sZlevs wyvdiads, Tavad aris Tavisi `bedis mWedeli~ da 

àrwivis frTebiT~ gadalaxavs `miwier samZRvars~, meraniseburad misi 

qrolva gamarjvebulia: 

àRar maSinebs CurCuli Ramis, 

aw TviT meve var, meufe Jamis 

aw TviT mefe var, bedis mWedeli: 

45

wyvdiadSi gahqra sevda-naRveli. 

moswyinda sulsa moTqma, godeba 

ukvdavebisken mihqris, miiltvis, 

zecas uambobs, gadafrindeba, 

Tu soflad xalxi rogor itanjvis~. 

baraTaSviliseuli `Jami Cemia da Jamisa me var imedi~ saxierad aris 

gacocxlebuli. Zlieri pirovnebis xvedria mxolod, rom `daSTos aq 

amaoeba~ da `zecas uambos~ xalxis tanjva amsoflad. amgvari zeswrafviT, 

droc Zleulia da miwieri dro-Jami farTovdeba maradiulobis gancdiT, 

gamarjvebiT. 

baraTaSviliseul hangzea agebuli t. tabiZis 1910 wels dawerili 

leqsi `medeas simRera~. boboqari zRva, klde, mTa _ bunebis suraTebSi 

adamianis guliswuxilis xilva _ sikvdilis gancda, amaoeba, saflavi, 

obloba da gangebis samduravi baraTaSviliseul ganwyobas srulqmnis. 

ritmic baraTaSviliseulia: 

`Sua Ramea, Zrwis qariSxali~ (t. tabiZe – 10 marc.) 

`visi xma aris es sakvirveli~ (n. baraTaSvili – 10 marc.) 

sikvdilis siaxlovis gancdasa da aCrdilis devnas aRwers poeti: 

`vici, axloa CemTan sikvdili, 

Tavs damcimcimebs misi aCrdili. 

mec imas veZeb... ox! modi talRav! 

gulSi Camikar, oblad STenili~. 

ar menaneba, minda davtovo 

mcdari, amao sawuTroeba. 

sikvdili iyo CemTvis cxovreba 

sxeulSesxmuli amaoeba~. 

konkretulad erTi leqsis ganwyobilebas rodi iTavisebs poeti. am 

46

striqonebSi `fiqrni mtkvris piras~ gancdas umal erTvis `meranis~ 

ganwyobileba: 

`zRvisa wiaRSi moveli saflavs, 

mxolod iq vpoveb Tavdaviwyebas. 

ase sabralo Tu viqnebodi, 

gavuCenivar risTvis gangebas!~ 

`cru sofelis~ gancda TiToeul striqons gasdevs, bolo akordi 

leqsisa `napoleonis~ striqonebis gardasaxvaa: 

`Tavad saflavic meviwrovos Tu toli myvandes~ (`napoleon~) 

`Cemi ltolvani ver daitia 

meviwroeba cru es sofeli 

sikvdils veZaxi, nu igvianeb, 

Cemi Txovnaa ukanaskneli~. 

`cru soflis~ amaoebis gancda iSleba 1910 wels daweril leqsSi 

`mwuxareba~. baraTaSviliseuli xatsaxovnebaa _ mTvare, varskvlavni, 

Cangi, ride, mtkvris duduni, `xma idumalis~ _ metri yvelaze axlobelia 

tician tabiZisTvis da imave ritmiT agebs striqonebs: 

`visi xma aris es sakvirveli~ (`xma idumali~) 

`Cavida mTvare, Cahyvnen varskvlavni~ (t. tabiZe) 

`Cavida mTvare... Cahyvnen varskvlavni, 

ZaZa moesxaT mTisa mwvervalebs, 

bnela garSemo... suli mWmunvarebs 

daswyda simebi, Cangic mdumarebs~. 

bunebis suraTis sevdian ganwyobilebas mtkvris duduni asdevs, 

Semdgom mgosnis moTqma: 

`mtkvari duduniT talRebs agorebs 

47

gulCaTxrobili hgodebs, valalebs~... 

axlavs: 

soflis samduravis gamotirebas Tavad baraTaSvilis xateba 

ès Jami aris _ Jami glovisa, 

mdelos cremliT rwyavs, mosTqvams mgosani, 

hsurs, mduRar cremliT gamoitiros 

soflis vaeba da kaeSani~. 

`18 wlis axalgazrda pirvelad miuaxlovda gamoucnobi cxovrebis 

zRurbls, xolo wlebis Semdeg baraTaSvili, poetur simwifeSi Sesuli, 

gamoixibla cxovrebis efemeruli amaoebisgan da am dros amoicno man es 

Tavisi ganuyreli demoni, idumali xmiT mosaubre `suli boroti~ _ wers 

pavle ingoroyva (22). 

`sulo boroto, vin mogixmo Cemad winamZRvrad..~ 

`ganvedi Cemgan, hoi macTuro, sulo boroto~. 

amisda kvalad, 1910 wels daweril leqsSi tician tabiZe mimarTavs 

demons: 

`nu daisveneb, gaswi demono! 

elvis siswrafiT daSordi sofels, 

iq jojoxeTSi moelis suli 

TavSesafarsa da navTsayudels!~ 

leqsSi iWreba `meranis~, `fiqrni mtkvris piras~, `xma idumalis~, 

àr ukiJino satrfos~ _ reminiscenciebi: 

`dee movtyuvde, viT vtyuvdebodi~ _ 

`satrfo mRalatobs, satrfo macduri...~ 

àvi demoni pirze RimiliT...~ 

`gaswi, demono~ baraTaSvilis `gaswi meranos~ gardasaxvaa: 

48

`gaswi, demono, gaSale frTebi, 

sadac Sen waxval, mec iq mogyvebi, 

neta sad aris aryofnis kuTxe, 

Cemi edemi, Cemi samoTxe~. 

vfiqrobT, baraTaSvilis werili maiko orbelianisadmi aris tician 

tabiZis 1911 wels dawerili leqsis `godeba~ STagoneba: 

`didi xania oboli var, _ ar daijereb, maiko! sicocxle 

mamZulebia amdenis martoobiT... vinc maRalis grZnobis meqone megona, igi 

vnaxe ugulo, visic suli ganviTarebuli megona, mas suli ara hqonia. 

visic goneba mwamda zegardmo niWad, mas arc Tu gansja hqonia, visica 

cremlnic megonebodnen cremlad sibralulisa, gamometyvelad mSvenieris 

sulisa, Turme yofilan niSanni cbierebisa, wveTni saSinelis 

sawamlavisa sad ganisvenos sulma, sad miidrikos Tavi!~ 

`sulo, stirode satrfos gvelobas, 

pirvel siwmindes, ucodvilobas... 

sulo, stirode Tass, jer dauclels, 

nektarisa wil rom xedav Sig gvels... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

kuboTa Soris satana cekvavs 

SurisZiebiT saxe uelavs... 

dReTa darajad dadga demoni... 

tanjva-wuxilSi mihqrian droni~. 

demonis baraTaSviliseulad warmosaxvas tician tabiZe adreuli 

asakis poetur prozaSic cdilobs. 1910 wels dawerilia `martooba~, 

sadac demoni, sastiki aCrdili, mefistofelad gardasaxula: 

`saRamos, ros dabinddeba da aremares mkvdari mdumareba 

daepatroneba, maSin is mesaubreba, sxvebs ki hgoniaT, rom dumili 

CurCulebs! rogorc mfarveli angelozi, aRar mSordeba da namdvilad ki 

demonia, iWvneuli suli, radgan ar maqvs misgan mosveneba... magram 

49

aCrdili sastiki da ulmobelia. misi Rimili Rimilia mefistofelis da 

mis xarxarze ki, viT saTaelis qnarze, are-midamo kvnesis da mosTqvams. 

albaT, am yofas grZnobda mgosani, romelmac gvamcno _ `Zneli aris 

martooba sulisa, mas eltvian siameni soflisa~. albaT es mqirdavi 

aCrdili iyo, romelmac mas mouwamla da waruwymida sarwmunoeba da 

dastova `WkuiT urwmuno, guliT undo, suliT maxvrali~. miTxar, 

aCrdilo, gaficeb, Tanac gemudarebi, didxans darCebi kvlav CemTan 

marqvi; ox! miTxar, ar momSordebi~ (44; 291). 

ase bunebrivad acocxlebs demonis xilva baraTaSvilis saxebas. 

poeti Semoqmedebis am etapze Tavis Wabukur gancdebs mTlianad 

baraTaSvilis poetur samyaroSi aqcevs. sulis sxvadasxva ganwyobilebas 

aigivebs baraTaSvilis poetur warmosaxvasTan. es sruliad naTeli xdeba 

`siluetebi~-s striqonebidan: 

àngelosis saxiT me demoni meCurCuleboda. mec yurs vugdebdi, 

radgan ar SemeZlo ar mesmina: raRac idumali, raRac momxiblavi ismoda 

im xmaSi... sevdis avgarozSi gaexvia suli, mwuxared godebs, mowyeniT 

aris midamo, sad ganvicade pirveli grZnoba. da sulis demoni, avi satana, 

romelic erTxel aRTqmis qveyanas mpirdeboda, yornis frTebiT aryofnis 

mxarisaken miaqrolebs suls...~ (44; 330). 

baraTaSviliseuli mxatvruli saxeebis, metaforebis, simbolizacias 

axdens t. tabiZe. amgvari saxe-simboloebis nimuSebia demoni, yorani, 

mwiri, udabno... sainteresoa am TvalsazrisiT m. abulaZis mosazreba: 

`tician tabiZe Semoqmedebis adrindel periodSi mzamzareuli 

mxatvruli saxeebis simbolizacias aRwevs, e.i. xelaxali mxatvruli 

procesis gzas mimarTavs, romlis Sedegadac mxatvruli saxe iqceva saxesimbolod... 

aseTi gziT miRebuli saxe-simboloebi maTi warmoSobis, 

periodSi gancdili simbolizaciis procesis raodenobis mixedviT 

SeiZleba iyos: erTjeradi, orjeradi, da zogjer metic~ (2; 150). 

ganvixiloT TiToeuli aseTi saxe-simbolo tician tabiZis poetur 

samyaroSi da gavarkvioT, unarCunebs Tu axal datvirTvas sZens poeti 

baraTaSviliseul mxatvrul saxeebs: demonis analizisas davrwmundiT, 

rom baraTaSviliseuli datvirTva mTlianad ucvlelia t. tabiZis poetur 

naazrevSi. 

50

n. baraTaSvilis `sumbuli da mwiri~, amasTan metafora _ mwiri, 

lermontoviseuli `mwiri~ t. tabiZis adreuli periodis leqsebSi saxesimbolod 

aris qceuli. 

1910 wels daweril leqsSi `mgzavris simRera~ poeti Tavs mwirad 

warmoadgens: 

òh, zenaaro! miTxar rodemdis 

vidode mwiri, me usafari, 

daviRalevi cxovrebis gzazed, 

ar ZalmiZs vzido wamebis jvari~. 

cru da muxTali wuTisofeli, udabnod gardaqmnili samSoblo, 

mwirad qceuli poeti _ aseTia baraTaSviliseuli mxatvruli azrovneba. 

swored am saxe-simboloebs mimarTavs t. tabiZe 1911 w. daweril sonetSi 

`mgzavris simRera~. 

`magram vis esmis mwiris godeba, 

udabnod cremli tyvilad iRvreba, 

sTvlems ca mdumare... qveyanas sZinavs, 

satrfo Sors aris, satrfo naRveli~. 

baraTaSviliseulia bavSvuri gulubryvilobis, siwrfelis 

gamotireba. udabnod qceuli wuTisofeli da usasood darCenili bavSvis 

saxeba `sulo borotos~ poetur azrovnebas axleburad acocxlebs: 

`vin momiyvana, vin gamiSva 

am baRSi, bavSvi 

damwvar qalaqis vin auSva 

Cems sulSi boli 

rad isvris grZel Crdils mimfrinavi 

am mxedris raSi, 

udabnoSi var, magram raa 

es mwvane moli~ 

51

es leqsi _ ùabjaroni~ erTi saukeTeso leqsia t. tabiZis poeziaSi. 

igi 1916 wels aris dawerili da igrZnoba, rom poetma ukve Tavi daixsna 

baraTaSvilis poeturi zegavlenisgan da Tumca saxe _ simboloebi 

mxedris, demonis, udabnosi, imave datvirTvas inarCunebs, mainc ukve t. 

tabiZis poetur striqonebSi mZlavrobs simbolisturi nakadi _ rembo, 

eredia, emil verharnis poeturi Crdilebi. am periodSi, gansxvavebiT 1910- 

1911 wlebisgan, t. tabiZe ukve simbolistur mimarTulebas da mis poetur 

kanonebs emorCileba. 

Savi yoranis saxe-simbolo t. tabiZis adreuli xanis poetur 

naazrevSi n. baraTaSvilis poeziidan Cndeba, magram mas Tan erTvis edgar 

pos `yoranisa~ da vaJaseuli yoranis datvirTva. yorani martoobis 

Tanmdevia, igi Savi aCrdiliviT sdevs martosul adamianebs da eWvebs, av 

fiqrebs STaagonebs. yorani yovelTvis Savia da sikvdilis ziari: 

`bnela sulSiac Sav ZaZebSi gamoxveuli sasoebis xeze Semsxdaran 

yornebi _ sulsa acivebs maT frTxial-bartyuni da aspitiviT Sxamavs 

gul-RviZls maTi Cxavili. yornebi arian sulis mesaidumle, yornebi 

arian sulis meWirisufle~ (44; 326). 

`mas TavdaviwyebiT Seuyvarda edgar poe. mis mets aravis 

kiTxulobda, ganuSoreblad xelSi eWira misi poema `yorani~... poes 

`yorani~ es himnia martoobisa _ ambobda is. albaT poets yoranis saxiT 

evlineboda martooba. is Sav ZaZebSi gamoxveuli aCrdili~ (44; 309). 

leqsi òri aragvi~ ukve mTlianad t. tabiZis poeturi 

originalobis simbolisturi xatweris nimuSia. igi 1936 wels aris 

dawerili, roca poeti ukve baraTaSvilis zegavlenisgan Tavisufalia. 

lermontovis, baraTaSvilisa da vaJas erTgvar poetur sinTezs 

gvTavazobs poeti: 

`TiTqo mSobliurs ismendes nanas 

anda daRupva iyos nugeSi _ 

ase aparebs demoni danas 

akankalebul Tamars ubeSi. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

52

ase farTxalebs mwiri guladi, 

dabdRvnili vefxis sisxlis gubeSi 

yorani Savi yornis sulamde 

aragvis velze iTroba leSiT~. 

demonisa da yornis mxatvruli saxeebis saxe-simbolod gaazrebas, 

maT simbolizacias srulqmnis poeti. kargad nacnobi yornis saxis 

gacocxleba leqsis bolo striqonSi simbolisturi azrovnebisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli alogikurobiT, simbolos ganusazRvrelobiT cxaddeba 

da amasTan, konkretul-vizualuri realoba warmodgeba: 

òri aragvi, rogorc ori da 

viT dRe da Rame _ TeTri da Savi 

bavSvur tiriliT tolad modian 

rom erTad mtkvarSi daixrCon Tavi~. 

simbolisturi azrovnebis Sesaxeb sainteresod wers T. doiaSvili: 

`simbolistTa azriT, sityva Tavisi pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT 

ukavSirdeba garesinamdviles, moCvenebiT realobas. amitom isini 

cdiloben sityvis gaTavisuflebas am kavSirisgan, sityvis gardaqmnas 

niuansad, miniSnebad. aqedan iRebs saTaves simbolisturi poetikis 

arsebiTi niSani _ sityvaTa alogikuri SeerTeba, ris Sedegadac 

leqsikuri erTeulebi kargaven ZiriTad mniSvnelobas~ (15; 86). 

`ticiani, rogorc poeti da esseisti, simbolizmis qadagi iyo. amitom 

ganixilavda pirvelsave sityvaSi am mimarTulebis specifikas, magram 

aCvenebda simbolizmis erovnul sawyisebs, niRbur mravalsaxianobas, 

radgan Tvlida, rom Cveni Tanamdevia niRabi, cxovrebis Teatraluri 

aRqma. 

...simbolizmi ticianma qalaqis kulturad miiCnia, xolo mis 

aucilebel niSnad dasaxa bohema, radgan `mxatvris saxeli gadabmulia 

bohemasTan~, _ wers s. sigua (40; 61). 

Teoriulad es mosazreba sworia, magram bohemad miCneuli yvela 

leqsi rodia am sityvis gamomxatveli Sinaarsis damtevi. garegnulad 

53

sadRegrZelod Tqmuli striqonebi xSirad tkivilisa da tragizmis 

dafarvaa. leqsi `dasabamidan~ Rvinosa da zedaSes, rainduli 

suliskveTebis qebaa, magram poeti mZafrad SeigrZnobs, rom Zveli 

saukuneebis mxedruli suliskveTeba veRar ixsnis saqarTvelos da Tumc 

Rvino da yanwi uadvilebs saTqmels, bohemuri rodia poetis gancda. 

leqsi 1927 wels aris dawerili, roca ticiani ukve baraTaSvilis 

poeturi tyveobis asakidan gamosulia, magram masTan poetur mimarTebas, 

erTgvar Sedarebas srulqmnis: 

`baraTaSvili aragvze svamda, 

me ki dRes maxrCobs `qimerioni~ 

mtredic gadiqca axla svavada, 

sxva qariSxlebis modian droni. 

ra saWiroa satrfos cremlebi, 

arc qars vawuxeb saflavis TxrisTvis, 

moisveneben isedac Zvlebi, 

Tu krematori aRirses Tbiliss~. 

927 wels aris aseve dawerili leqsi `soRanluRidan~, sadac aseve 

baraTaSvilis poeturi zegavlenaa daZleuli da mtkvari gansxvavebulad 

aris aRqmuli: 

ìsedac mSvidi ufro dacxra amaRam mtkvari, 

mxolod metexTan ufro ari mainc mSfoTvare; 

angelosebma metiveebs mopares jvari, 

Rrublis tivebze gawolila qaliviT mTvare~. 

sruliad gansxvavebulia bunebis suraTis aRqma, igi sruliad aRar 

hgavs baraTaSviliseuls da mTlianad simbolisturi, ferwerulad 

srulqmnili saxeebia, Tumca leqss mtkvris simSvidis gadmosacemad 

`meranis~ ritmi gasdevs: 

54

Sedareba: ìse-dac mSvi-di uf-ro dacx-ra ama-Ram 

mtkva-ri (ticiani) 

`mir-bis mimaf-rens ugzo ukv-lod Cemi me-ra-ni~. 

baraTaSviliseuli ritmi didxans rCeba ticianis musikalur 

tonalobas. cnobilia, raoden did mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen simbolistebi 

leqsis musikas. ticianisTvis musika umTavresi iyo leqsSi, xolo 

baraTaSviliseuli intimuroba da sevdiani striqonebis lirizmi tician 

tabiZis STagonebad bolomde darCa: 

mag.: `nu gaiRviZeb, isev geZinos... 

mgosnis TvalebiT cremlma iwvimos, 

miyvars me, miyvars Seni dumili... 

es striqonebi baraTaSviliseuli musikalobis, ritmis gamoZaxilia: 

`miyvars, miyvars me tiktiki Cvilis yrmis~. 

1932 wels daweril leqsSi `rom iyos Tergi ori amdeni~ poets ukve 

mTlianad daZleuli aqvs baraTaSviliseuli poeturi azrovnebis 

zegavlena, magram `qarTlis bedis~ moziare poeti kvlav uaxlovdeba da 

ufro siRrmiseulad esmis baraTaSvilis gancdebi: `Tergis napirebTan 

qarTvel poetTa galerea cocxldeba~. 

àq atirebda baraTaSvili 

Tavis did sevdas, sevdas msoflios. 

vaJkac solomon lioniZisa, 

ufro vaJkacur colis sofios~. 

amrigad, SesaZloa davaskvnaT, rom baraTaSvilis poezia ganmsWvalavs 

tician tabiZis adreuli siWabukis poetur azrovnebas, igi bunebas, 

garesamyaros, `qarTlis bedsa~ Tu satrfos, baraTaSvilis poeturi TvaliT 

55

xedavs. simbolizmis esTetikis gabatonebamde mis poezias baraTaSvilis 

Cangi warmarTavs. 

baraTaSvilis hangi SemdgomSi verlenis, rembos, oskar uaildis da 

sxvaTa STagonebam TiTqos mTlianad daCrdila, magram ticians bolomde 

gasdevs baraTaSvilis STagoneba. 

sainteresoa, rom mkvlevarTagan tician tabiZis poeziis periodebad 

dayofas swored es Tvalsazrisi, poeturi STagonebis saxesxvaoba udevs 

safuZvlad: 

`ticianis leqsebis informaciuli mxare Tavad miuTiTebs misi 

poeziis gansxvavebul periodebze, personaJTa saxelebi TviTon aTariReben 

poetis Semoqmedebas. 1915 wlamde goeTesa da baraTaSvilis mibaZvani sevdis 

motiviTaa daaxloebuli. 1915 wlis Semdeg ticianis SemoqmedebaSi Cndeba 

rus da frang simbolistTa saxelebi: edgar po, andrei beli, laforgi, 

malarme, verleni, rembo, bloki. am droidanve _ sonetis forma. poeturi ena 

misi ikazmeba mxatvruli RirsebiT, azris simkveTriT: `daRlili RmerTis 

momtydari frTebi~, `naRveli Savad aTovda~, `fsalmuni sulSi Sefrindeba~, 

`gadaxdil wirvis daTvla RmerTs daaberebs~ (7; 177).. 

 

56

ilia WavWavaZe 

tician tabiZis SemoqmedebaSi ilia WavWavaZis xati aCrdiliviT 

warmomdgara da mudmivad Tanmxlebia misi poeturi azrovnebisa. ilias 

tician tabiZe gigants uwodebs, romelsac yoveli ,,mozRvavebuli talRa, 

ucxo Tu Sinauri, daetakeboda xolme da iliac igeriebda“. rodesac 

simbolistebma klasikuri poeziis tradiciuli gza eWvqveS daayenes, maTi 

isrebis pirveli samizne ilia WavWavaZe armoCnda, magram mogvianebiT 

ilia iqca maT SemoqmedebiT megzurad. tician tabiZem ganvlo es 

uaryofisa da iliasTan mibrunebis Zneli gza. sabolood man amgvarad 

gansazRvra ilias kvali qarTul mwerlobasa da erovnul cnobierebaSi: 

`me-19 saukuneSi qarTuli proza Seqmna ilia WavWavaZem da dRemdis misi 

proza ar aris daZleuli... ilia rom gamoakldes mecxramete saukunes, 

maSin iqneboda saqarTvelo samudamod dabnelebuli“ (44; 482). 

tician tabiZis adreul poeziaSi, Wabukur warmosaxvaSi 

baraTaSvilis qnaris Semdgom ilias poeturi azrovneba batonobs. 1910- 

iani wlebidan iliaseuli gza aqvs ganvlili poetur bilikebze. rogorc 

wina TavSic aRiniSna, èlegia“, romelic 1910 wliT TariRdeba ilias 

èlegiis“ ganwyobilebas misdevs da samSoblo mxaris beds dastrialebs: 

`bneli Ramea, cis kabadonzed 

ar moCans mTvare, arc varskvlavT kreba. 

qveynad aCrdilni aRtkinebulan, 

ca, moRrubluli, cremlad iRvreba“. 

kavkasioni poets `Sav fiqrTagan“ pryobili warmousaxavs da ZaZebiT 

mosils Wvrets. samSoblos gancdac sevdismomgvrelia, poeti iliaseulad 

eZebs cvlilebas: 

`samSoblo mxare, veranad qmnili, 

mwared qviTinebs, kvlav icremleba... 

ox! RmerTo, RmerTo! amden cremlT frqvevas, 

57

netav sazRvari ar daedeba“. 

1910 wels aris dawerili leqsi `dedav bunebav“, romelSic 

Wabukuri gancdiT tician tabiZe iliaseulad grZnobs mSobliur 

bunebasTan, yvarlis mTebTan siaxloves da miseburad acxadebs: 

`miyvars eg Seni mSveniereba, 

ukvdavebisa gamomxatveli, 

odes SenTan var, raRas damaklebs 

gulis damwveli Savi naRveli“ 

marTalia, leqsi `mgzavris simRera~ goeTes mibaZvas warmoadgens 

magram garkveulad es `mibaZva~ ilias `mgzavris werilebiTac~ Cans 

STagonebuli, ramdenadac myinvaric iliaseburi poeturobiT cxaddeba, 

romelsac `Savi ZaZebi~ Caucvams da poetis moTqma-kaeSans yurs ar 

ugdebs: 

`cad kaeSani gamefebula, 

sZinavs samyaros, nisliT daburuls, 

Savi ZaZebi Caucvams myinvars, 

maRla atyorcnils, cad ayudebuls. 

Cemi qviTini, moTqma, godeba 

aravis esmis, ar eyureba“. 

simartovis gancda, unugeSo sevda-wuxili, mwiris miusafroba 

mgloviare myinvaris sicives esadageba. 

myinvaris saxe tician tabiZis poeziaSi mogvianebiTac Cndeba, magram 

mas iliaseuli gancda aRar axlavs, is mTlianad ticianiseulad qceula: 

`Soridan vumzer myinvars, ialbuzs, 

am orma devma mxolod ician, 

poetis guli ra cecxliT moduRs 

da rac atirebs sawyal ticians“. 

58

sagulisxmoa, rom myinvarisa da Tergis dapirispirebis iliaseuli 

gancda ticianis poetur azrovnebaSi gardasaxulia. Tergi TavisTavad 

simbolod iWreba mis poeziaSi: 

`titvel Rrublebis Canan afrebi 

da Cveni guli Tergma gaTela“. 

igulisxmeba, rom Tergi Wabuk poetze iseT zegavlenas axdens, 

rogorc ilias gancdaSi, mas sicocxlis, ganaxlebis Zala aqvs, xolo 

myinvari Savad mgloviarea, ZaZebiT mosili. 

sainteresoa myinvarTan aragvis dapirispireba. ticianiseuli 

gardasaxva gulisxmobs ilias myinvarisa da baraTaSvilis aragvis 

dawyvilebas: 

`didxans eZina myinvars titveli 

da daubrundnen niaRvarebi... 

Sav aragvsa da TeTrsa aragvsa 

Cemi cremlebis aragvi erTvis“. 

es leqsi 1936 wliT TariRdeba, anu tician tabiZis poeziis bolo 

akordebad aRiqmeba, poetur gancdaSi ukve mTlianad Tavisi pirovnuli 

gancda Warbobs da Soreul gamoZaxilad ismis iliasa da baraTaSvilis 

poeturi eqo. myinvari poeturi azrovnebis olimpod aris warmodgenili 

leqsSi `baRdaTis zeca“: 

`myinvarze asvla mainc aqvs sityvas, 

ukvdavebaSi gasrolil Surduls“. 

Tergi da myinvari erTad simbolurad iliaseburi gancdiT 

warmodgeba aleqsandre batoniSvilisadmi miZRvnil leqsSi `CaRatar“. 

`viRaca dadis xmalamowvdili, 

59

viRac dahyefavs cofiT darials 

kelaptariviT dgas mTa myinvaris — 

Tergi qajebis ismens dairas“. 

1926 wels daweril leqsSi tician tabiZe Tavisi poeturi 

azrovnebis tragikul suraTs, axal droebasTan Tavisi gancdis 

SeuTavseblobas aleqsandre batoniSvilisa da ilias tragikul 

aCrdilebs aaxlebs: 

`rom ar mesmodes aragvze oxvra 

batoniSvilis aleqsandresi, 

rom wiwamurze Zvlebis magier 

ar iyos qvebi sisxliT nalesi. 

vin gaaCerebs am xmebis grigals — 

amdeni Zvlebi rad damigroveT, 

me Tu momTxovdiT simReras axals“. 

myinvari-Tergi sruliad tician tabiZiseulad aris gardasaxuli 

leqsSi `me yaCaRebma momkles aragvze“. `damSrali Tergi“ da `sxva 

myinvaris ca“, `cremlebis Tergi“ mTlianad simbolistur realobad aris 

qceuli, magram cxadia, rom am simbolod qcevam tician tabiZis poetur 

azrovnebaSi didi gza ganvlo da misi fesvebi iliasgan amoizarda: 

`CamomrCa ukan me CerqezeTi, 

vuaxlovdebi Cvensken darials, 

damSrali Tergi erTi wveTia, 

magram zRvasaviT gulze gadiars. 

wameqca Tavze ca garRveuli, 

da caze kidev sxva myinvaris ca, 

da darialiT gadareuli 

Tvalebs cremlebis Tergi mirecxavs“. 

60

1926 wels daweril leqsSi axal poetur xatad aris qceuli 

myinvari da vfiqrobT, qarTuli erovnuli droSis, damoukideblobis 

dakargvis 

tkivils asimboloebs `Svindisfer xaverdiT“ mosili myinvari: 

`sanam samSoblos ca bairaRobs 

da myinvars afens Svindisfer xaverds“... 

1932 wels dawera tician tabiZem `muxranis velze saTqmeli leqsi“, 

romelic erTgvari poeturi kredoa. guramiSvilis, rusTavelis, 

baraTaSvilisa da ilias aCrdilebs gamoixmobs poeti, erTgvarad 

epaeqreba maT poetur aRqmas da Tavisi gamomsaxvelobis, formisa da 

Sinaarsis srulqmnas aRwevs: 

`ca cas adneba, myinvari — myinvars, 

bednierebas Tokavs alersi, 

da daeweva orbebis Surduls 

muxranis velze saTqmeli leqsi“. 

leqsSi `rom iyos Tergi ori amdeni“, bunebrivad cocxldeba ilia 

WavWavaZis studentobis Jami. cocxldebian baraTaSvilis, orbelianis, 

vaJasa da yazbegis saxebebi, romelTa winaSe Tergi cremlebad modis: 

`stirodnen maSin aq poetebi, 

gza gadarCenis rom arsad Canda, 

amaze ityvis cremlis modebiT 

i. WavWavaZis studentis CanTa... 

rom iyos Tergi ori amdeni, 

Tvalebs cremlebad veRar gawvdeba“. 

ase gardaisaxa Tergi cremlebis Rvarad tician tabiZis poeziaSi: 

àse rbis Tergi, ase Rrialebs, 

61

Tergi cremlebis aris anderZi“. 

axali epoqis, axali poeziis moTxovnebTan tician tabiZe Tvalis 

gasworebas iliaseuli mrwamsiT ganmtkicebuli cdilobda. es cda 

SesaZloa iTqvas, rom cdad darCa, Tavad aRiara poetma, rom misi Cangi 

ver SeeTvisa `socialisturi epoqis“ simReras, magram is ilias mrwamsiT 

cdilobda ganaxlebas: 

`sityva-lozungi, 

sityva mWreli 

mokveTilia, 

jer WavWavaZe 

scnobda ilia: 

`moviklaT warsul 

droebze dardi, 

Cven unda vsdioT 

exla sxva varskvlavs, 

Cven unda Cveni 

vSvaT myoobadi, 

Cven unda mivceT 

momavali xalxs 

da goliaTi 

daiZra xalxi“. 

ufro gulubryvilo cdad moCans Sromis ferxulis, qarxnebis 

poeziis fonze iliaseuli òTaraanT qvrivis“ personaJTa gacocxleba. 

leqsSi `radioze saTqmeli TesvisaTvis“ bavSvobis mogonebebi cocxldeba 

da poeti Tavisi lirikuli gmiris mojamagireobis xanas `Zvel drod“ 

aRiqvams, batonebis drod: 

`da ufro xSirad 

Sen sxvis saxnavSi 

iyavi sxvisi 

62

mojamagire... 

is uJmuri dRe 

wavida, gaqra, 

roca yoveli 

beltis moxeTqva 

iyo sakuTar 

saflavis gaTxra“. 

eleqtroni da weraqvi, Sromis kulti gardaqmnis saqarTvelos; 

aprils poeti amgvarad xatavs: 

`Siraqis velze 

balaxs namians 

rasac nayofiT 

mze ver icilebs, 

oTaraanaT qvrivis 

kriala ezos 

da firosmanis 

kruxs da wiwilebs“. 

mojamagire giorgis da oTaraanT qvrivis simboluri saxeebi 

cxadyofs, rom axali, Sromis ferxulSi CarTuli saqarTvelo Zvel, 

iliaseul memkvidreobaze aris daSenebuli. am azrs itevs es simbolika. 

tician tabiZe iliaseuli mxatvruli azrovnebis gavleniT, 

aRrmavebs simbolur sazriss, iliaseul sentencias exmianeba 

ticianiseuli poeturi avtoportreti — `Tu cxovrebas erTi wuTi Tvali 

mouxuWe, ise gagTelavs, rogorc dedoeli leki nabadsa“. es Sedareba 

simbolodqceulia leqsSi `mewyeri mewyers“: 

`var gaTelili lekis nabadi, 

yvela saxsari maqvs dalewili, 

magram vaJkacma mxolod gabede 

da mec vaJkacis damide wili“. 

63

tician tabiZis poeziaze ilia WavWavaZis zegavlena 

literaturaTmcodneobaSi sagangebo kvlevis sagani ar gamxdara. ar aris 

Seswavlili dRemde poetur saxeTa sistema da simboluri azrovnebis 

mimarTeba XIX s-is klasikos poetTa tradiciasTan. aRsaniSnavia erTi 

saintereso literaturuli polemika tician tabiZisa da ilia WavWavaZis 

poeturi memkvidreobis Taobaze, romelic 90-ian wlebSi gaimarTa gazeT 

`literaturuli saqarTvelos“ furclebze: 

`da vici me, saidan movedi, 

romeli qveynis cxeli mze mwvavda, 

me didi myavda winamorbedi, 

winamorbedi macxovars hgavda“. 

am leqsis striqonebi `me didi myavda winamorbedi“ saTaurad 

daurTo Tavis statias kaxa jamburiam da erTgvarad scada 

cisferyanwelTa memkvidreoba XIX s-is poeziidan amozrdilad mieCnia (56). 

manamde `literaturuli saqarTvelos“ furclebze daibeWda misi 

statia ès ganwiruli suliskveTeba“, romelic kvlav cisferyanwelTa 

poetur ordens eZRvneboda, sadac avtori am mosazrebis sruliad 

sapirispirod cisferyanwelebs evropuli modernizmiT gadaWarbebulad 

gatacebulad acxadebda: ùarhyves mTeli klasikuri memkvidreoba 

(qarTuli) da mibaZes ucxoel mwerlebs, romelTagan mkvlevari asaxelebs 

`fridrix nicSes da zigmund froids, dostoevskis da osvald 

Spenglers, eqsistencializmis da avangardizms, virjinia vulfs“. 

`totaluri gaucxoeba“ qarTul poeziaSi SemoiWra. — askvnis mkvlevari 

(56). 

k. jamburias mosazrebas usafuZvlo uwoda da mkacrad gamoexmaura 

`literaturuli saqarTvelos“ furclebze T. mirianaSvili (`pirze 

momdgarsa sityvasa“... (35). avtori aRniSnavs: `literaturis Camwyvdevas 

erovnul Tu saxelmwifoebriv CarCoebSi, ar SeiZleba ar hqondes 

ukiduresad uaryofiTi, tragikuli Sedegebi“ da rom `yvela ucxouri 

ideisa da Teoriis winaSe qedismodrekac damRupvelia“... mkvlevari 

64

akritikebs ara mxolod kaxa jamburias, Tavad `cisferyanwelebsac“ 

iliaseuli `sxvisi baZis“ gamo. mogvianebiT am polemikas gamoexmaura 

mkvlevari lali avaliani statiiT `gana suyvelas Tqma unda!“, romelSic 

mecnierma sainteresod daasabuTa `cisferyanwelTa“ evropeizaciisadmi 

swrafvis aucilebloba da klasikuri poeziisadmi maTi damokidebulebis 

araerTgvarovani xasiaTi. 

am statiaTa analizi safuZvels gvaZlevs gamovTqvaT Cveni mosazreba. 

ra Tqma unda, SeuZlebelia imis mtkiceba, rom cisferyanwelTa mimarTeba 

XIX s-is klasikuri poeziisadmi iyo erTmniSvnelovnad sworxazovani, 

dasrulebulad uaryofiTi anda, mTlianad daZleuli... `saymawvilo seni“, 

rogorc l. avaliani uwodebs maT `Wabukur“ SemarTebas, pirvelad 

samoRvaweo asparezze gamosvlis Jams maTi toni erTob àmpartavnulia“, 

magram maTi damokidebuleba dinamiuria da ara statikuri. isini TandaTan 

`brundebian“ klasikos poetebTan da maTi damokidebuleba TandaTan 

icvleba. es gansakuTrebiT tician tabiZis mimarTebaSi gamovlinda 

cxadad da mkveTrad. 

am mimarTebis srulyofilad warmoCena ki mTeli poeturi 

memkvidreobisa da werilebis, statiebis fonzea SesaZlebeli am 

TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa Semdegi mosazreba: 

`naxevari saukune imoRvawa ilia WavWavaZem da misma Taobam, magram 

erovnuli niadagis gawmenda, qarTuli azrovnebis damkvidreba ise mainc 

ver moxerxda, rom axali qartexilebi meoce saukunis pirvel aTeul 

wlebs rom mohyva, mis ukumqcev jebirad gamomdgariyo. 

amisi mTavari mizezi is aris, rom mesamocianebis momdevno Taobam, 

imis magivrad, ilias Taobis memkvidreobis niadagze damdgariyo, am 

wamowyebaTa gamagrebisa da gazrdisaTvis ezruna, ucxo Teoriebisa da 

doqtrinebis marula gamarTa Cvens erovnul-moqalaqeobriv cxovrebis 

asparezze“ (30; 60). 

am mosazrebas `cisferyanwelTa“ damokidebulebac adasturebs, 

Tumca iliasadmi maTi ukanmobruneba gamocdilebis, sibrZnisa da 

simwifis Sedegi iyo. 

tician tabiZis mier ilia WavWavaZis Sefaseba am ukanmibrunebis 

Semdgom qarTul literaturaTmcodneobaSi erTob Rirebulia. amgvari 

65

striqonebi ilias Sesaxeb gansakuTrebul xedvasa da aRqmas gulisxmobs: 

ara mxolod imis gamo, rom xatovani gamonaTqvamebia, upiratesad 

simarTlis, Sefasebis kriteriumis SeumcdarobiT: 

`me-19 saukuneSi saqarTvelos hyavda ori providencialuri 

pirovneba: ilia WavWavaZe da ivane maCabeli... 

gadaumeteblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom me-19 saukune saqarTveloSi 

iliam kidec moigona, kidec Sehqmna da Tavisi sisxliT kidec dahkira... 

ilias poeziidan marto wiwamuri rom darCeniliyo, mainc samudamod 

aatirebda saqarTvelos da samudamodac darCeboda Tema poeziisaTvis“ (43; 

13). 

akaki wereTeli 

tician tabiZis poeziaSi akaki wereTlis gavlenis kvali mciredia. 

erTi SexedviT es gasakviria, radgan akakis poeturi STagoneba ipyrobda 

yvelas da Semoqmedebis adreul etapze, miT ufro im garemoSi, quTaisisa 

da imereTis soflebSi, sadac tician tabiZe moRvaweobda, adreli 

siWabukis xanaSi mefobda akakis Cangi. 

àkakis landi~ Tan sdevda galaktions. akakis muzam srulqmna 

galaktionis poezia, magram tician tabiZis Semoqmedebas gansazRvravs 

baraTaSvili da vaJa-fSavela. akakis poeziis kvali TiTqos arc damCnevia 

tician tabiZes. amis mizezi SesaZloa iyos is, rom tician tabiZis 

poeturi azrovneba `providencialuri pirovnebebis~ gavlenas ganicdida 

da aTeli wlebis ganmavlobaSi maT tyveobaSi eqceoda. amgvari gavlena 

man ganicada grigol robaqiZis, niko firosmanis, konstantine balmontis, 

vaJa-fSavelasa da frangi simbolistebisagan. sruliad naTelia, rom 

tician tabiZeze garkveuli kvali datova daviT guramiSvilis, 

rusTvelis, akakis, rusi simbolistebis Semoqmedebam, magram es ufro 

inteleqtualuri zegavlena iyo, wrTobis gza, xolo `providencialuri~ 

Rrmadsulier, mudmiv zeSTagonebas gulisxmobs. sainteresod msjelobs 

66

guram asaTiani Tavis statiaSi `tician tabiZe~ amis Taobaze: `poezias 

adamiani mTeli arsebiT siyrmeSi an siWabukeSi eziareba, am dros iZens is 

Tavis sayvarel poetebs. am dros aRmoaCens samudamod dasamaxsovrebel 

Zvirfas striqonebs... 

ilia WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis Semdgom, me-20 saukuneSi 

mxolod ramdenime poetma SeZlo sakuTari didi gancdiT, didi 

aRtacebiT, gulisa da yelis daRadruli simebis xarjze, axleburad 

mietana qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis es grZnoba: 

`davbadebulvar, rom viyo mona 

da saqarTvelos medgas uReli~.ï 

akakis poeturi striqonebi tician tabiZes erTgvar musikalur 

hangad aqvs damaxsovrebuli da Wabukobisdroindeli gancdiT acocxlebs 

am xmas: 

`da sarTiWalis meTare saqo 

CvenTvis akakis mReris `sulikos~. 

Cvenc xom imisTvis gvyolia satrfo, 

rom isic ase dakarguliyo~. 

`sulikos~ hangs, rogorc dauviwyar, gauxunar gancdas, cvlis 

`cicinaTelas~ cimcimi da gamonaTeba. maradmdevia aseve akakis Conguri, 

misi personaJebi baSi-aCuki, abduSahili da naTela: 

`yvela buCqebze cicinaTela 

akakis leqsiT aqviTindeba, 

dilamde ukravs Congurs naTela, 

caze ciskari wiTlad inTeba, 

da abdul-Sahils baSi-aCuki 

vefxvis simardiT daafrindeba~. 

am poetur traqtatSi tician tabiZe CamoTvlis qarTuli poeziis 

ukvdav saxelebs. acocxlebs kolxeTs, antikur epoqas, guramiSvils, 

67

akakis, xalxur poezias... maTi poezia orfeosis simRerad aqvs 

warmosaxuli. SesaZloa iTqvas, rom akakis poezia qarTvelTaTvis 

maradiulad qmediT Zalad aqvs warmodgenili. akakis personaJTagan 

yvelaze Zalumad ticianis poeziaSi baSi-aCukisa da abduSahilis saxeebi 

cocxldebian. 1936 wels daweril leqsSi poeti sulier tkivilebs am ori 

gmiris gacocxlebiT iSuSebs: 

gaRebul WiSkars SemoabRavlebs 

abduSahilis daWrili Sveli, 

roca Wriloba Wrilobas aRebs, 

aTjer daWrili sxvas ras uSveli. 

cxens Semoagdebs aqafebuli 

satevris wveriT baSi-aCuki, 

TiTqos Sen gqonda aTasi guli, _ 

aTas meerTe iman gaCuqa~. 

amgvari gancda TavisTavad auqmebs tician tabiZis mier 

cisferyanwelTa JurnalSi, Semoqmedebis adreul etapze, erTgvari 

siTamamiT gamoTqmul azrs, tradiciulobis, klasikuri poeziis uaryofis 

cdas: 

`qarTvelma aRorZinebis meTaurebma samudamod damarxes Zveli 

saqarTvelos tradiciebi da ukanasknel dromde Seqmnes ideuri terori 

warsulis winaaRmdeg akakis da ilias is upiratesoba hqondaT, rom 

moqalaqeobriv motivebSi xandisxan naxulobdnen namdvil poezias, Semdeg 

maTma Skolam miiRo karikaturuli saxe da dRes uimedod gahkivis 

moqalaqeobrivi arRani kakafonias~ (42; 68). 

tician tabiZis zemoxmobili striqonebi cxadyofs, rom poeti 

sakuTari gamocdilebiT, pirovnuli tanjva-vaebiT darwmunda, rom 

WeSmariti poetis gza saqarTveloSi aris mowameoba, mis mier Seqmnili 

striqonebi da personaJebi ki qarTvelTa cxovrebis sulieri Tanamdevni 

arian. amas cxadyofs abduSahilisa da baSi-aCukis saxeTa xSiri 

`gamocxadeba~ tician tabiZis bolodroindel striqonebSi. 

68

maiakovskisadmi 1937 wels miZRvnil leqsSi t. tabiZe yrmobis 

periodis quTaiss acocxlebs da akakis cicinaTelas ymawvilebze 

zegavlenis Zalad warmosaxavs. 

àkakis leqsiT gamonafreni 

buCqebSi bJutavs cicinaTela~. 

es niSnavs, rom saqarTveloSi yrmobaSive iwyebs krTomas akakis 

cicinaTela, rac poetur Semoqmedebas bolomde anaTebs. 

akakiseuli ritmi ganmsWvalavs qarTvels _ amgvarad cxaddeba 

ticianis poeturi kredo. mas Tavad aqvs es gancdili, mis poetur 

prozaSi xSirad iWreba akakis striqonebi: 

`ra tkbilad da mSvidad vidoda misi cxovreba, saSinel sikvdils 

rom ar SeSureboda; magram sikvdili dauZinebeli mteria adamianisa, is 

aravis axarebs xangrZliv! ~ (44; 308). 

es striqonebi reminiscencia akakis `gamzrdelidan~: 

`magram xangrZliv es sofeli 

gaaxarebs vinmes gana~ 

amgvari poeturi reminiscencebi sruliad bunebrivia da adasturebs 

akakis striqonebis mudmivmyofobas qarTvel adamianTan. 

tician tabiZis poeziaSi akakis striqonebis amgvar gacocxlebaze 

sainteresod msjelobs givi gegeWkori statiaSi `tician tabiZe~: 

`ticiani iyenebs qarTuli poeziis klasikosebis striqonebis 

reminiscenciebs: `ra saWiroa melnad giSris tba da kalmad kidev me na 

rxeuli~ (`vefxistyaosani~), `sxva saqarTvelo mainc sad ari romeli 

kuTxe, romel qveynisa~ àse rbis Tergi, ase Rrialebs~ (g. orbeliani), 

akakis poemis `naTelas~ reminiscenciebiT aris dawerili tician tabiZis 

leqsi `Tamunia wereTels~: `me ar macxia mongolis Tafli da 

xelgakruli ar vzivar mzeze~. àr Segikeravs Sen CemTvis Coxa, magram 

vatareb obobas perangs~ (13; 67). 

69

akakis istoriuli dramis `patara kaxis~ striqonebis: `magram es 

moxda Cems uneburad, gulTamxilavo da ar maqvs brali~-s reminicenciaa 

tician tabiZis leqsis striqonebi: 

`me yaCaRebma momkles aragvze, 

Sen Cems sikvdilSi ar gidevs brali~. 

vaJa-fSavelas leqsis reminiscenciaa: `damisxiT, Zmebo, damalevineT, 

amivseT yanwi wiTel RvinoTi~. ieTim gurjis leqsis reminiscenciaa: 

`dReo, netavi aRar daRamde, Tu daRamdebi ar gagaTena~. 

rogorc vxedavT, am poeturi reminicenciebiT tician tabiZe 

sisxlxorceulad aris dakavSirebuli klasikur poeziasTan da 

Semoqmedebas am poeziiT imdidrebs, amave dros axerxebs am striqonebs 

xelaxali sicocxle, meoce saukunis suli STaberos da gaiTavisos, 

Tavis striqonad aqcios~ (13; 71). 

vfiqrobT, rom es aris swori mosazreba da tician tabiZis poeziis 

erT mniSvnelovan Tvisebas warmoaCens, magram aucilebelia aRvniSnoT, 

isic rom es damokidebuleba didi gardatexis, Sinagani feriscvalebis 

Sedegia. Semoqmedebis adreul etapze sul sxvagvari iyo poetis mimarTeba 

klasikur poeziasTan. es gardatexa kargad aqvs SemCneuli guram asaTians: 

`gasuli saukunis qarTuli poeturi memkvidreobis mimarT t. 

tabiZis damokidebulebaSi momxdari gardatexa gamoiwvia xelovnebis 

arssa da daniSnulebaze misi saerTo Sexedulebis safuZvlianma 

cvlilebam. am gardatexam, sxvaTa Soris, mkafio gamoxatuleba pova t. 

tabiZis imdroindel publicistur werilebSic. saWiroa aRiniSnos, rom 

warsuli drois ostatTa Soris t. tabiZe gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliT 

gamoarCevda vaJa-fSavelasa da mis `did winamorbeds~ daviT guramiSvils. 

amasTanave, mxedvelobaSi aris misaRebi is Rrma yuradReba, romliTac t. 

tabiZe im xanebSi ekideboda cnobili qarTveli mxatvris _ niko 

firosmanaSvilis Semoqmedebas~ (8; 163). 

akaki wereTeli, rogorc tician tabiZis poeziis analizidan 

warmoCnda, aris `Tanamdevi suli“ poetis Semoqmedebisa. 

galina curikova Tavis wignSi «Тициан Табидзе», wers: 

70

«В пору расшатывания авторитетов и низвержения «классиков» с «корабля 

современности» Сумбаташвили выступил, по сути дела, в защиту грузинских «Пушкина и 

Достоевского» - писателей-шестидесятников Ильи Чавчавадзе и Акакия Церетели, на 

которых никто как будто еще не обрушивалься но - шло к тому - должны были вскоре 

обрушиться свои «нигилисты». В этой роли в ближайшие годы предстояло выступить 

Тициану Табидзе й его кутайсским друзьям. Тогда тициан, вероятно, ещё и сам этого не 

предвидел, но, как знать, может быть, предостережение всё же пало на благодатную 

почву. 

В январе 1915 года, когда умер Акакий Церетели, Табидзе написал о нем статьюнекролог 

для московского театрального журнала «Рампа и жизнь», где назвал его 

«последним из могикан славного поколения шестидесятников, деятельность которых в 

ГРузии, как и в России, отмечена терниями и неугасаемым светом подвижничества». 

«Чарующие, сверкающие проникновением стихи Акакия воспитали несколько поколений 

и закрепили за ним славу учителя поэзий», - писал Табидзе в этой статье (она была 

написана по просьбе Сумбаташвили, и он же ее одобрил. «Для меня это была первая моя 

русская статья, - вспоминал Тициан, - и легко представить, как подействовало на меня 

одобрение Сумбаташвили»). 

Об Илье Чавчавадзе Табидзе писал позднее, сравнивая его с бальзаком, - что он 

«своим влиянием заполнил XIX век в Грузии»; В прозе «Илья Чавчавадзе главенствовал 

полновластно»; «огромное влияние Илья. Чавчавадзе на современников и на последующее 

поколение ни с чем не сравнить»; Он «как утес стоял непоколебимо, заполняя собой все 

поры общественной жизни. И новые поколения пробовали свои волны, ударяясь об этот 

утес». 

Тициан Табидзе до конца жизни сохранял почтительное уважение к этим двум 

гигантнам грузинской литературы - Акакию и Илье, как без фамилий, по имени только 

называют их в Грузии. «Нигилизм» в отношении к заслугам «отцов» для него так же 

немыслим, как неуважение к собственному отцу, с его верой в идеалы русского 

демократического шестидесятничества. Вместе с тем, литературуные убеждения Табидзе 

в чем-то смыкались с «нигилистическими» воззрениями московской поэтической 

молодежи, с дерзкими заявлениями Маяковского » (58; 53-54). 

71

vaJa-fSavela 

sargis caiSvili wignSi ,,maradiuli saxeebi’’ tician tabiZeze 

samarTlianad SeniSnavs: 

„tician tabiZe gansakuTrebiT iyo dainteresebuli vaJa-fSavelas 

SemoqmedebiT da es ar iyo SemTxveviT. ticians udavod bevri ram 

aaxlovebda qarTuli poeziis am goliaTTan, magram es siaxlove 

sruliadac ar unda gavigoT ise, rogorc es erT dros esmoda qarTveli 

simbolistebis did umravlesobas (maT Soris t. tabiZesac). cnobilia, 

rom magaliTad „cisferyanwelTa“ jgufis Teoretikosebma vaJa-fSavelas 

didi midrekileba jansaRi da naTeli simboluri saxeebisaken 

gaaTanabres wminda dekadentur simboloebTan, sadac yovelTvis 

mistikuri gamodis rogorc dominanti. amaze dayrdnobiT fiqrobdnen, rom 

vaJa-fSavela amovardnilia mTeli qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebis 

ZiriTadi rgolidan da igi aris qarTveli simbolistebis erT-eriT 

WeSmariti mamamTavari. miuxedavad ticianis adre gamoTqmuli aseTive 

Sexedulebebisa qarTuli simbolizmis genezisis sakiTxebze, igi Tavisi 

poeziis Sinagani bunebiT aSkarad bevr rameSi enaTesaveboda vaJafSavelas 

da es ufro cxadi Seiqmna mas Semdeg, roca igi daSorda Tavis 

jer kidev bolomde gaucnobierebel mrwamss da SemoqmedebiTad midioda 

im mdidar tradiciebTan, rasac didi qarTuli mwerlobis magistraluri 

xazi gulisxmobs. vaJa-fSavelasTan zogi ram, marTlac aaxlovebs 

ticians. aq gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos poeturi gamomsaxvelobis 

sisadave da is didi uSualoba, rac orive poetma Tavisi Semoqmedebis 

ZiriTad poetur xerxad aqcia. 

vaJa-fSavela rom ityvis: 

„xars vgevar naialaRars, 

rqiT miwasa vCxver, vbubuneb, 

RmerTo, samSoblo micocxle, 

mZinarec amas vduduneb“. 

72

ar SeiZleba am uSualobaSi, saTqmelis yovelgvari zedmeti 

samkaulis gareSe gamoxatvaSi, ar igrZno poetis sulSi niaRvariviT 

dagubebuli energia. poeturi sityvis am saidumloebas sakmarisad 

flobda tician tabiZec. aviRoT Tundac t. tabiZis erT-erTi yvelaze 

cnobili leqsi: „me ar vwer leqsebs... leqsi TviTon mwers“. 

aqac iseTive didi uSualobaa da saleqso frazis vaJkacuri moqneva, 

rac vaJas mTeli poeziis bunebaSi zis, magram amave dros ticianis leqss 

yovelTvis Tan axlavs mxolod da mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

sulieri TrTolva da Sinagani dramatizmi. swored zemoaRniSnuli 

siaxlove vaJa-fSavelasTan, vfiqrob, aZlevda t. tabiZes yvelaze met 

SesaZleblobas, rom erT-erT pirvelTagans Cvens axal mwerlobaSi 

swored SeegrZno vaJas genia“ (49; 302-303). 

vaJa-fSavelasadmi tician tabiZis damokidebulebaSi swored es ori 

gansxvavebuli midgoma unda gaviTvaliswinoT. adreul etapze tician 

tabiZe vaJa-fSavelas dekadentebTan anaTesavebda da qarTuli 

simbolizmis erT fuZemdeblad miiCnevda, magram SemdgomSi gamocdilebam, 

Tavis poetur azrovnebaSi gardatexam da Teoriulma codnam tician 

tabiZes sxva Sexeduleba Camouyaliba. aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT, rom 

poeti moskovis universitetSi swavlobda da literaturaTmcodneobas 

daeufla. man bevr poetsa da mweralze SeimuSava saintereso mosazrebani 

da dRemde mniSvnelovani dakvirvebebi. 

simbolisturi gatacebebisa da dekadenturi azrovnebis adreul 

etapze, tician tabiZe vaJa-fSavelas poeziaSi primitivizmis gamovlinebas 

xedavda. cnobilia, rom es iyo im dros gabatonebuli kritikuli azris 

didi Secdoma. 

primitivizmze saubrobdnen aseve firosmanis Semoqmedebis 

Sefasebisas. Tavad t. tabiZe SemdgomSi miiCnevs, rom kritikuli 

azrovneba saqarTveloSi yovelTvis CamorCeba mwerlobas, radgan 

`kritikosebi sxva qveynebis mwerlebisTvis SemuSavebuli mzamzareuli 

formulebiT~ sargebloben, „kritikas hqonda Tavisi gaTvlili yalibi da 

windawin SemuSavebuli formulebi, romelTa dakanonebisTvis sxva 

qveynebSi sul sxva xalxi ibrZoda. vaJa-fSavela ki iseTi comisagan iyo 

mozelili, rom arc erT qveyanaSi amis purs ar sWamen“ (44; 509). 

73

tician tabiZem erT-erTma pirvelma miuTiTa, rom vaJa-fSavelas 

genias asazrdoebs ori ZiriTadi wyaro _ erovnuloba da xalxuroba. man 

miuTiTa aseve vaJas Rrmad gadgmul fesvebze qarTul sinamdvilesa da 

klasikur mwerlobaSi. sagangebod msjelobs guramiSvilisadmi vaJafSavelas 

damokidebulebaze. rogorc Tavad aRniSnavs Tavad amJRavnebs 

vaJa Tavis „poetur vinaobas“, roca „did winamorbeds“ uwodebs 

guramiSvils da „uZvirfases papas“. 

Tavad tician tabiZes aqvs Tavis poeziaSi gamJRavnebuli „poeturi 

vinaoba“, romelic vaJa-fSavelasadmi damokidebulebiT mJRavndeba. 

leqsSi „ilaiali“ Tavis Tavs vaJas adarebs, poetur STagonebas mas 

miawers da acxadebs: 

„male TbilisSi, rogorc winaT 

vaJa-fSavela 

me Camovitan xurjinebiT 

daweril leqsebs“. 

„guSin Svidni gurjanelni“-s xmaze gawyobil leqsSi Tavis poetur 

kredos naTlad gamohkveTs tician tabiZe: 

„Svidjer rom giTxraT leqsebi yvelam, 

yvela Svidive acdenilia. 

Tavs dagviara vaJa-fSavelam, 

Tavze gvawveba zvavad ilia“. 

am striqonebSi moCans gamWvirvaled raoden didi iyo poetze 

xalxuri poeziisa da Semdgom iliasa da vaJas gavlena, rom tician 

tabiZis poeziasac srulqmnis xalxurobisa da erovnulobis fesvi. 

konstantine balmontisadmi miZRvnil leqsSi vaJa-fSavelas amgvarad 

acocxlebs poeti: 

„im zafxuls mokvda vaJa-fSavela, 

maxsovs, cremlebiT Sen es giTxari, 

74

is sikvdilis win iTxovda balaxs 

gaxelebuli wyurviliT xari. 

mas Semdeg damrCa grZnoba aseTi, 

rom erTad or mzes Tvali Sevaswre, 

moxibluli var am sinazeTi 

da sikvdilamde davrCebi ase“. 

tician tabiZes bolomde Zlierad gahyva, marTlac vaJas gavlena. 

SesaZloa es ar aris mxolod poeturi STagoneba, aramed sulieri da 

pirovnul-religiuri zegavlena. sainteresod msjelobs sulier 

zegavlenasa da mis ucvlelobaze RirebulebaTa cvalebadobis drosac r. 

siraZe: 

„jvarsaxovneba met-naklebad yovel teqstSia, sulierebis 

ierarqiulobis da Sesabamisad, radgan suli yvelganaa, garkveuli azriT, 

suli „sicocxlea“ da ara marto cocxali organizmisa, aramed nebismieri 

sagnis Tu movlenisa. aseTi zogadi azriT, sulia is, riTac xdeba Tavisi 

raobis SenarCuneba da Tanac garemocvasTan mimarTebis damyareba, misgan 

gamijvnac da masTan Tanaarsebobac. 

RirebulebaTa gadafaseba xdeba, mkiTxveli icvleba, magram masSi 

raRac mainc ucvleli rCeba, pirovnulic, erovnulic da religiuric. 

asevea pirad-individualuri „me“. erTsa da imave mdinareSi ganmeorebiT 

ver SevalT, magram amasTanave, swored erTsa da imave mdinareSi 

SevdivarT mravalgzis. galaktionic ambobs, rom „yovelive mimdinareobs 

da amave dros dgas yoveliveo“ (41; 9). 

vfiqrobT, am msjelobis Tanaxmad, SesaZloa visaubroT tician 

tabiZis pirovnebaze vaJa-fSavelas sulier gavlenaze. vaJas pirovneba, 

misi Semoqmedeba itevs did erovnul-religiur siRrmes, rac qarTuli 

mwerlobis fundamentur RirebulebaTa axali gacocxlebaa, Zveli 

qarTuli mwerlobis memkvidreobis axal droSi, axleburi gaazreba. vaJafSavela 

Tavad warmodga genialur pirovnebad, romelmac qarTuli 

erovnuli suli gamoxata Tavis poetur qmnilebebSi, amrigad tician 

tabiZeze vaJa-fSavelas pirovnul-sulier zegavlenaze SesaZloa 

visaubroT: 

75

„mivCerebivar cas gakvirvebiT 

da aRmitacebs sicocxlis feTqva, 

vaJa-fSavelas vsunTqav filtvebiT, 

ximikauris guli Camedga“. 

_ acxadebs tician tabiZe leqsSi „amodis, naTdeba“, rac aseve 

gadaZaxilia vaJas amave saTauris moTxrobasTan. 

vaJaseuli personaJebi bunebrivad cocxldebian ticianis leqsebSi. 

leqsSi „alaverdoba“, ticians aCrdilebiviT ecxadebian mindia da 

afSina: 

„Cardaxiani dganan urmebi, 

kameCi kameCs landiT aSinebs. 

gamoucliaT Rvinis rumbebi 

xatobas mosul vaJas afSinebs... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

meore mxridan alazans uwevs 

mTvrali farexi RamenaTevi, 

TiTqo mindias sufra gauwyves 

gvelismWameli devs awevs devi“. 

vaJa-fSavelas deka da Rvia, simbolod aris qceuli tician tabiZis 

poeziaSi. simbolos TavisTavadi funqcia aqvs miniWebuli da 

simbolodqcevis gza aqvs gavlili. s. sigua kargad axasiaTebs simbolos, 

rogorc mxatvrul fenomens tician tabiZis poeziaSi: 

„simbolo kondensirebuli metyvelebis xatia, roca mravali niSan- 

Tviseba ikribeba erT sagnad, erT saxelad, magram aris sapirispiro 

tendenciac, rac aranakleb mniSvnelovania. 

erTi sityva, erTi sagani iSleba mravalferad da musikaluri 

xmierebiT aaSkaravebs farul niuansebs, naxevartonebs, rogorc 

moiTxovda pol verleni. 

76

nacnobi iSleba ucnob da idumal erTeulebad, TiTqos sityvas 

frTebi gamoesxa, rac iwvevs garTulebas, aramTavar niSanTa aqcentirebas 

(40; 291). 

TiTqos ucnob da idumal erTeulad iqceva tician tabiZis poeziaSi 

da simbolod cxaddeba kargad cnobili deka da Rvia vaJas poeziidan: 

„dResac qviTini stirian caSi 

vaJa-fSavelas Rvia da deka“. 

„damdgara nisli gomboris mTaze, 

erTad hyvavian deka da Rvia, 

momxiblavia es silamaze 

vaJa-fSavelas cremli atyvia“. 

„deka da Rvia“ samSoblos simbolod qceula tician tabiZis poeziaSi, 

romelsac cvar-nami aqvs dafenili, magram poetisaTvis igi vaJas cremlia. 

simbolodqceul xats qmnis vaJasa da firosmanis dawyvilebulad 

aRqma tician tabiZis poeziaSi. vaJas da firosmanis iremi, vaJas jixvi da 

samSoblos aRqma leqsSi „alaverdoba“: 

„dgas oxSivari da orTqli mwvadis, 

kaci am bolSi Tvals ver gaaxels, 

iremi irems balaxs miawvdis, 

savse Rvinis jams _ kaxeli kaxels. 

dgas firosmani, xatavs dReobas 

da Cardaxian urmebis morevs, 

vaJa-fSavela uqebs xelobas, 

jixvis SairiT Sescvlis meores“. 

vaJaseuli saxeebis samSoblos simbolod qceva t. tabiZis poeziis 

maxasiaTebelia. qorisgan motacebuli wiwili da velad mimofantuli 

bumbuli, simbolod aris qceuli da saqarTvelos bedukuRmarTobaze 

miuTiTebs leqsSi `samSoblo~. 

77

„iyo qaldea da babiloni, 

iqneba ufro Sori gzac gqonda, 

gicvales bevrjer Sublze mironi, 

Seni bumbuli niavs gahqonda“. 

es simbolo isev cxaddeba leqsSi „dao dolores, Zmebo baskebo“: 

„albaT im droSi sxvebic SfoTavdnen, 

magram dauwydaT imedi bolos, 

ori ki ara, erTic ar hqondaT, 

maTi samSoblo niavs gahqonda“. 

vaJaseuli „wiwilis TeTri bumbuli, velad gahqonda niavsa“ tician 

tabiZis poeziaSi Tvalsa da xels Sua gamqrali samSoblos tkivilis 

gancdas gadmoscems. anu ticianma axleburad, Tavisi epoqis Sesabamisad 

gaacocxla erovnuli suliskveTeba vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebisa, rogorc 

wers gr. kiknaZe: 

„Tavidanve yvela grZnobda da axla yvelam icis, rom vaJa-fSavelam 

uaRresad konkretuli Sinaarsi misca patriotul grZnobas. samSoblos 

siyvaruli man yvelaze naTlad warmogvidgina, rogorc siyvaruli Cveni 

qveynisa _ misi mTisa da baris, misi mtkvris, aragvisa, alaznisa da ankara 

wyaroebisa, misi tyeebisa da gamxmari fesvebisa, misi iisa, quCisa da 

dekasi. konkretuli da mtkice sayrdenebi miawoda vaJam mkiTxvelTa 

patriotul grZnobas, roca warmtacad daxata Cvens aremareSi amozrdili 

Cxikvi, bulbuli da Svlis nukri, roca cis mpyrobel arwivis gverdiT 

amouyena kaci, romelsac aqamde ver vamCnevdiT da Turme Cvens axlos ki 

cxovrobda sagnobrivi realurobaa arsebiTi niSani vaJas patriotizmisa“ 

(25; 197). 

tician tabiZis Semoqmedebis qvakuTxedic aris „samSoblos gancda 

gasakvirveli“, swored amis gamo vaJaseuli patriotizmis gamomsaxveloba 

esoden axlobelia tician tabiZisaTvis. vaJaseuli „sagnobrivi 

realuroba“ simbolod iqceva da axal sicocxles iwyebs ticianis 

poeziaSi. 

78

axali epoqis saqarTveloze Seqmnil leqsebSi TiTqos feri icvala 

vaJa-fSavelas personaJebisadmi ticianis damokidebulebam. leqsSi „daRes- 

tnis gazafxuli“ vkiTxulobT amgvar striqonebs: 

„Tqven, xevsurebo, Savi nabdebiT 

rom gamostaceT jalaTebs sergo, 

dRes erTi wuTiT Cems leqs danebdiT, 

mTebis mgosnoba me jeriT mergo. 

fSavno, TuSebo da xevsurebo, 

qeTelauro, Zmao aluda! 

Camodga mTebSi axla mSvidoba 

da sisxls aReba dRes aRar unda“. 

Zveli adaT-wesebisadmi amgvari damokidebuleba xelovnurad 

gamoiyureba tician tabiZis mTeli Semoqmedebis fonze da es erTaderTi 

magaliTia, sadac vaJaseuli samyaro sxva TvaliT aris danaxuli poetis 

mier. 

sruliad gamorCeulia tician tabiZis poeziaSi leqsi „vaJafSavelas 

gadasveneba mTawmindaze“: 

„mTawmindis qedi ar ecotava, 

fSauri sisxli am mTaSic hRviva 

arc uTxovia TavisTan misvla, 

TviTon exveva mTas Tavze nislad“. 

leqsis fonad aRebulia mTisa da mahmadis dava: 

„mTis da mahmadis ar iyo dava... 

ara pirveli vin visTan miva“ 

pasuxad poeti adasturebs, rom mTawmindasTan misvla vaJa-fSavelas 

ar uTxovia, magram Tavad mTa iTxovda vaJas: 

79

„da gaumTelda gaxruli Zvlebi... 

mTao, gauSvi, fSavamde ivlis, 

beri mindias muxli gamZlebi 

kvlav dauCoqebs sayvarel Tbiliss, 

akvani iyo misi Cargali 

gulze Tbilisis eso Cangali“. 

mTawmindaze vaJa-fSavelas gadasveneba poets aRqmuli aqvs qarTuli 

poeziis sulier ganZTsacavad: 

„auxda natvra da gadalaxa 

saflavis dvire da erTad naxa 

man wereTeli da WavWavaZe. 

kidec atirda imaT saflavze. 

ar dagvinaxavs Cvengan aravis 

mxolod gvesmoda cremli aragvis“. 

tician tabiZis literaturuli alRo Zalian Rrmad, erovnul 

fesvebSi Wvrets vaJa-fSavelas genialobis umTavres mizezs _ xalxur 

wiaRSi myofobas. igi amaze sainteresod msjelobs statiaSi „daviT 

guramiSvili da vaJa-fSavela“, acxadebs ra vaJas guramiSvilis poetur 

memkvidred. 

„Tu nikoloz baraTaSvili, aleqsandre WavWavaZe da grigol 

orbeliani kidev atareben istoriuli saqarTvelos organiulobas da 

maTSi cocxalia saxelmwifoebrivi tradicia, Tu baraTaSvilis „bedi 

qarTlisa“ da guramiSvilis „qarTlis Wiri“ erTmaneTis poeturi 

gamoZaxebaa, _ ilia WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis istoriuli poemebi 

moklebulia am dasayrdens, rac aucilebeli Tavdebia Zlieri eposisa. 

ilias da akakis qarTlis bedi „qarTlis cxovrebidan“ amokiTxuli 

qronikebia. maT istoriul gmirebs aSkarad amCneviaT romantiuli burusi, 

maT gmirebs akliaT uSualoba da mTeli paTosi, gadatanilni arian 

warsulSi, amitom aris, rom akakisa da ilias epiuri Semoqmedeba ufro 

civia da xSirad ritorika anelebs uSualo gancdas“ (44; 591). 

80

amisda sapirispirod, rogorc tician tabiZe aanalizebs, daviT 

guramiSvili da vaJa-fSavela sul sxva Zirebidan amoizardnen, rogorc 

erovnuli tragikuli suliskveTebis gamomxatvelni. ucxoeTSi gaxiznuli 

feodaluri aristokratiis wreSi guramiSvili xedavda, rogor Rafavda 

suls qarTveli „maRali“ wodeba ruseTis biurokratiuli saxelmwifos 

karze, aseve naTlad dainaxa vaJa-fSavelam mefis ruseTis biurokratiis 

ukanaskneli ieriSebi da mTis saqarTvelos, fSav-xevsurTa arwivebis 

budeTa dangreva“ (44; 592). 

am TvalsazrisiT guramiSvilisa da vaJa-fSavelas dawyvileba 

erTob sagulisxmoa. tician tabiZis azriT vaJas genialoba mSobliur 

xalxSi Rrmadgadgmuli fesvebia: 

„gogoTur da afSinaze, aluda qeTelaurze, joyolasa da ZaRlika 

ximikaurze, zviadaursa da gulTmisan mindiaze, brZensa da 

gvelismWamelze, „qarTlis cxovreba“ arafers ambobs. es ufro mxedruli 

Sahnamea _ wigni gmirobisa da qedmaRlobis apologia. vaJa-fSavelam 

pirvelad aalaparaka poeziaSi saxalxo gmirebi da STabera maT ukvdavi 

suli. vaJa-fSavela TviTon am xalxis Svilia“ (44; 592). 

tician tabiZis amgvari damokidebuleba vaJa-fSavelas mimarT, 

ucvlelia mTeli misi Semoqmedebis ganmavlobaSi. Tu ilias, akakis 

mimarT misi mimarTeba cvalebadia, anu Tavidan uarmyofelia klasikuri 

memkvidreobisa da SemdgomSi tradiciis mimarT, klasikosTa winaSe 

qedismoxraa niSandoblivi, vaJa-fSavelasadmi misi Tayvaniscema arasodes 

Secvlila da gafermkrTalebula. tician tabiZisTvis rwmeniseulia vaJas 

aRiareba, rac zogadi suraTia simbolistebis damokidebulebisa vaJas 

mimarT da bevrwilad grigol robaqiZis damsaxurebaa. grigol robaqiZe 

amgvarad moZRvravda „cisfer ordens“: 

„vaJa mocemulia rogorc mTa, rogorc mze, rogorc planeta... 

poetebi mas grZnoben, rogorc adamiani mzesa da RmerTs“, _ werda gazeTi 

„baxtrioni“, romelmac paolo iaSvilis TqmiT, „vaJas didebuli kampania“ 

wamoiwyo (4; 266). 

literaturaTmcodneobaSi samarTlianad aris miCneuli, rom 

cisferyanwelebis mier 60-ianelTa poeziis uaryofis mizezi epigonoba 

81

iyo. iliasa da akakis epigonebma cisferyanwelebSi didi gaRizianeba 

gamoiwvia. l. avaliani aRniSnavs, rom vaJas epigonoba SeuZlebeli iyo: 

„amgvar rasme gamoricxavda vaJa-fSavelas poeziis buneba. man ise 

uxvad ver daapura 10-iani wlebis epigonuri poezia, rogoric vTqvaT 

akakis poeziam. es iyo uTuod erT-erTi, arcTu umniSvnelo faqtori 

cisferyanwelTa mier vaJas geniis aRiarebisa“ (6; 105). 

amis Taobaze Tavad tician tabiZec msjelobs Tavis werilebSi: 

„vaJa-fSavela aravis ar uSlis poeziaSi, is poeziaSi iseTi 

strategiuli punqtia, rogorc mamisoni saqarTvelos teritoriisaTvis... 

ar unda Tqma imas, rom vaJas leqsis teqnikas ar SeuZlia aravisze 

moaxdinos gavlena, ar unda Tqma agreTve imasac, rom masTan SedarebiT 

Tundac besiki wminda aleqsandrielia, parnasel herediad gamoCndeba. 

amas aravin ar Txoulobs misgan, amitomac iyo, rom vaJa gadaurCa im 

autotafes da im giliotinas, romelic am ramdenime wlis winaT gaimarTa 

sxva poetebisaTvis. 

rogorc wina TavSi aRiniSna, vaJa-fSavelas poeturi prozis didi 

gavlena SeiniSneba tician tabiZis prozaze. vaJas prozis xatebi, ritmi 

axleburad cocxldeba ticianis prozaSi. mTebis peizaJi vaJaseburad 

warmoudgeba poets _ isini moTminebasa da molodins gamoxataven: 

`titanebiviT cad ayudebulni mdumared sdganan kolxidis mTebi, isini 

isev elian, ukvdavia maTi lodini~. mTebis nisli ticianTanac vaJaseburad 

fiqrs gamoxatavs, locvad qceula. ` _ ra vici, Svilo, xedav im mTebs, 

caTamde rom ayudebulan ase arian sul isini, nisli rom moexvevaT, es 

maTi locvaa, cas Sehvedrian, feria dagvibruneo da elian sul, 

dausrulebliv, guli uelavT lodinSi... usazRvroa maTi lodini: _ neta, 

rodemdis gagrZeldeba es lodini” (44; 292). 

SesaZloa davaskvnaT, rom sruliad gamorCeulia vaJa-fSavelas 

saxeli, misi zemoqmedeba poet tician tabiZeze. SeiZleba isic iTqvas, rom 

vaJa-fSavelam bevrwilad gansazRvra tician tabiZis Semoqmedebis xasiaTi. 

saerTod XIX saukunis qarTvel klasikosTa Semoqmedeba saTavea 

tician tabiZis poeturad damuxtvis. grogol orbelianis, nikoloz 

baraTaSvilis, ilia WavWavaZis, akaki wereTlis, vaJas poezia uSret 

wyarod warmodgeba tician tabiZis poeturi azrovnebisaTvis, nikoloz 

82

araTaSvili Wabukur asaks uSinaarsebda, sakuTari sevdis gacnobierebaSi 

exmareboda, grogol orbelianis mWevrmetyveluri poezia 

aRafrTovanebda, iliasa da akakis poezia jer moqalaqeobrivad wvrTnida, 

Semdeg dapirispireba cada da tradiciuli lirikisagan gadaxvevad 

gamoacxada, bolos erTgvari monaniebis formiT gulmxurvaled 

daubrunda da axali gatacebiT daewafa am masazrdoebel wyaros, rac 

Seexeba vaJas igi Seucvlel simaRled darCa misTvis mTeli sicocxlis 

manZilze da esec aisaxa mis poeziaSi. 

83

T a v i 

III 

XIX saukunis qarTveli mwerlebi tician tabiZis 

literaturul-kritikuli werilebisa da eseebis mixedviT 

garda poeturi memkvidreobisa, rogorc ukve aRiniSna tician 

tabiZe rogorc Rrmad erudirebuli, faqizi gemovnebis literatori, 

avtoria SesaniSnavi literaturul-kritikuli werilebisa da eseebisa. 

metad farTea tician tabiZis eseist-kritikosis interesebis wre. igi 

moicavs rogorc qarTul mwerlobas, ise evropul da rusul 

literaturas, musikas, mxatvrobas da xelovnebis sxva dargebsac. tician 

tabiZe yvelgan specialistis TavliT Wvrets didi musikosebis, 

Teatralebis cxovrebas da Rvawls; miT umetes gamorCeulia misi 

werilebi mwerlobaze. tician tabiZis literaturuli werilebi mkafiod 

gamoxatuli xatovani stiliT xasiaTdeba. maTi kiTxvisas esTetikuri 

siamovnebis gancda gveufleba. literaturul-kritikul werilebSic 

msgavsad leqsebisa, Rrma esTetikuri daxvewilobiT vlindeba mwerlis 

SemoqmedebiTi energia. `mis werilebSi axleburad fasdeba qarTul 

literaturasa da xelovnebaSi tradiciulisa da novatorulis 

urTierTmimarTebis problema; maxvilgonivrulad mignebuli StrixebiT 

ikveTeba cnobil xelovanTa SemoqmedebiTi portretebi; asaxvas poulobs 

am saukunis pirveli aTwleulebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

umniSvnelovanesi kulturuli, socialuri da politikuri movlenebi; 

Suqdeba evropuli literaturisa da kulturis siaxleni da 

gansazRvruli tendenciebi~ (38; 387). 

ramdenadac tician tabiZis literaturuli werilebi ZiriTadaT 

eseisturi xasiaTisaa saWirod migvaCnia ramdenime sityva iTqvas 

eseistikis Sesaxebac. 

XX s-is pirvel naxevarSi Seiqmna saqarTveloSi esseisturi 

xasiaTis literaturuli nawarmoebebi. esseisturi xasiaTis literaturis 

gaCena CvenSi ise rogorc safrangeTsa da iaponiaSi, mravalmxrivi rTuli, 

gardaqmnebis, gardatexis periodSi ganxorcielda da erTgvarad 

84

ganapiroba kidec esseisturi azrovnebis wesis momwifeba. isic 

sagulisxmoa, rom eseisturi Janris srulqmna saqarTveloSi 

simbolisturi mimdinareobis gaCenas ukavSirdeba da misi, rogorc 

literaturuli Janris gaformeba cisferyanwelTa ordenis wevrTa didi 

damsaxurebaa. 

`qarTuli literaturuli esses“ mkvlevari m. xelaia aRniSnavs: 

èsseisturi literatura qveynis kulturuli ganviTarebis 

garkveul etapze iCens Tavs, kerZod iq, sadac mecnieruli kvlevis 

tradiciac arsebobs da, meores mxriv, mxatvrul-literaturulic. 

mxolod am tradiciaTa paralelurad SeiZleba esseisturi Txzulebebi 

gaCndes _ esse uTuod gulisxmobs mecnierebisa da literaturis 

ganviTarebis gansazRvrul dones“ (54; 333). 

a. losevis gansazRvriT, ese renesansis idealebis Semdgomdroindeli 

pirmSoa. misi warmoSoba ganapiroba adamianis srulqmnilebis, 

harmoniulobis rwmenis msxvrevam. igi realisturi, maZiebeli individualizmiT 

aris niSandebuli da epoqis Secvlis, gardatexis procesSi 

yalibdeba. mas axasiaTebs àrtistuli, lamazi individualizmi“ (57; 598). 

qarTuli literaturuli esses 20-ian wlebSi Camoyalibeba aseve 

socialur-politikuri, istoriuli faqtorebis erTobliobam ganapiroba. 

sagulisxmoa, rom am periodSi sruliqmna esse, rogorc literaturuli 

Janri, azrovnebis garkveuli forma, xolo esseisturi Canasaxi jer kidev 

Zvel qarTul literaturaSi moiZies literaturaTmcodneebma, esseisturi 

elementebis Semcvel Txzulebebad m. xelaia miiCnevs Tamaris epoqis 

avtors nikoloz gulaberiZes, ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasobas“, daviT 

batoniSvilis èstetikebrni gansjanis“, aseve romantikosTa SemoqmedebaSi 

TviTSemecnebis gamovlenas, ilias, akakisa da vaJas SemoqmedebaSic moCans 

esseisturi Janris ganmsazRvreli niSan-Tvisebebi, magram esses srulqmna 

swored XX s-is pirvel aTeul wlebSi ganxorcielda. XIX s-idan 

qarTvel SemoqmedT gadmoecaT memkvidreobiT WeSmaritebis Ziebisken 

mswrafi buneba. 1905 wlis revolucia, 1917 wlis Tebervali, oqtombris 

revolucia, 1921 wels sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyareba saqarTveloSi _ 

xelovnebaSi emociaTa da azrTa Widili, Ziebis procesi, idealebis 

msxvreva, gaoreba gamoiwvia. 

85

esseisturi Janris uSualo winamorbedad literaturaTmcodneobaSi 

miCneulia arCil jorjaZisa da kita abaSiZis Semoqmedeba. filosofiis, 

religiis, zogadkulturul sakiTxebze, xelovnebis daniSnulebasa da 

qarTuli mwerlobis satkivarze maTi siRrmiseuli fiqri da gansja. eses 

srulqmnaSi aseve didi wvlili miuZRviT pavle ingoroyvas, konstantine 

gamsaxurdias, geronti qiqoZes, vaxtang kotetiSvils, konstantine 

kapanels. 

qarTveli simbolistebis SemoqmedebaSi sabolood gaformda esse, 

rogorc literaturuli Janri. valerian gafrindaSvilis, sandro 

cirekiZis, giorgi leoniZis, tician tabiZis, Salva afxaiZis, ali 

arseniSvilis, paolo iaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi esse iqca TviTgamosaxvis, 

TviTanalizis, epoqis sulieri bunebis gamoxatvis formad. maT 

sabolood Cauyares safuZveli esses literaturul Janrs da esseisturi 

azrovneba qarTul mwerlobaSi bunebriv kanonzomier movlenad 

gadaaqcies. 

esses literaturuli Janris umTavresi niSania kategoriuli 

gansazRvrulobisadmi sruli daumorCilebloba, moulodnelobisadmi 

swrafva, TviTSemecneba da TviTgamosaxva aucilebeli maxasiaTebelia 

esseisturi azrovnebisaTvis, monteniseuli gansazRvriT: èsseisti ise 

xatavs yovelives, rogorc Tavad aRiqvams“ (59; 719). 

subieqturoba, Tavisi Sinagani, sulieri samyaros warmoCena 

esseisturi azrovnebis aucilebeli maxasiaTebelia. konkretuli sakiTxis 

Semecnebis procesi sakuTari Tavis TviTSemecnebis gzaa. sxva Semoqmedis 

Sesaxeb saubari esseisti literatorisaTvis Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi kredos 

warmoCenas gulisxmobs. xSirad esses ara aqvs erTi azri, romelic 

amTlianebs mTel Txzulebas, magram ganmsWvalulia gancdaTa 

Tavisufali dinebiT. gulwrfeloba da nonkonformizmi essesTvis 

Janruli maxasiaTeblis kategoriad aris qceuli. gansxvavebiT 

mecnieruli kvlevisagan, esseisturi Txzuleba aucileblad iTxovs 

avtoris alRos, intuiciis, ganwyobilebisa da warmosaxvis unaris 

Zalmosilebas. amasTan esses stiluri Taviseburebaa fragmentuloba, 

araTanmimdevruloba, arakategoriuloba da paradoqsuloba, albaTuri 

xasiaTi, mozaikuroba, gansjis silaRe da sruli Tavisufleba. 

86

esseisturi JanrisTvis formulad qceuli es principebi XX s-is 20-iani 

wlebis qarTul esseistur TxzulebebSi Taviseburad gamovlinda. 

samarTlianad aRniSnavs m. xelaia: 

`TviTSemecneba, individualuri `me“-Ti daintereseba qarTul esseSi 

ganuyofelia erovnuli xasiaTis Semecnebisagan. imdenad mZlavri iyo 

qarTul mwerlobaSi erovnuli da piraduli interesebis erTobis 

tradicia, rom man asaxva esseistur JanrSic hpova. igi jer kidev d. 

guramiSvilis SemoqmedebaSi SeiniSneba. SeuZlebelia am TvalsazrisiT 

sulxan-sabas moRvaweoba ar gavixsenoT. XIX s-Si qarTlis bedi yoveli 

qarTveli Semoqmedis pirad bedad aRiqmeboda...” (54; 353). 

swored samSoblos yofiT ukmayofileba iyo kidevac erT-erTi 

ZiriTadi mizezi romantikosebis sevdisa, warsulis idealizaciisa. maTi 

piradi gancdebi _ sasowarkveTa Tu optimizmi _ didadaa damokidebuli 

sazogadoebriv-erovnul problemebze. erovnuli satkivaris gaTaviseba 

mwvervals akakis, iliasa da vaJas moRvaweobaSi aRwevs. mTeli maTi 

SemoqmedebiTi cxovreba amis naTeli dadasturebaa. swored maTTan iRebs 

saTaves erovnuli xasiaTis _ avisa Tu kargis realisturi xedva. eris 

mimarT WeSmariti siyvarulis erTaderTi swori gamovlineba misdami 

piruTvneli damokidebulebaa. es principi iseT mZlavr stiqiad gacxadda 

ilias RvawliT, rom SeuZlebeli iyo mas raime saxiT mainc ar epova 

gagrZeleba mis Semdgomdroindel mwerlobaSi. 

XX saukunis pirveli meoTxedis literaturaSi, sxva 

ganwyobilebebTan erTad bevria eWvic, gaoreba, dabneuloba, skepsisi, 

gulgatexiloba, Zieba... igi aRar aris winandeburad mizanmimarTuli da 

mTliani. es mravalmxriv rTulma epoqam ganapiroba. imdroindeli 

mwerali cdilobs aRidginos pirovnuli mTlianoba, gaerkves Tavis 

gaorebul arsebaSi. mas surs Rrmad Caixedos sakuTar `me“-Si (intimuroba 

zogjer egocentrizmamdec midis _ sxvaTaTvis gaugebari Txzulebebi 

iwereba), am procesis pirmSoa esseisturi Janri. magram igi miuxedavad 

individualuri, subieqturi, intimuri bunebisa, aSkarad ireklavs XIX s- 

is saukeTeso idealebsac. pirovnuli `me“ aq Zalian xSirad ganuyofelia 

sazogadoebrivisgan. individualuri TviTSemecneba XX s. 20-iani wlebis 

qarTul esseSi sazogadoebriv-erovnuli TviTSemecnebis xasiaTs 

87

Rebulobs. esseisti cdilobs qarTvelis buneba, sulieri Tvisebebi 

dagvixatos. 

tician tabiZis ramdenime werili _ ese miemarTeba XIX saukunis 

mwerlebs. garda amisa calkeuli dakvirvebebi da mosazrebebi gabneulia 

TiTqmis yvela werilSi, romlebic exeba literaturas. 

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas XIX saukunis qarTvel mwerlebis 

Sesaxeb dawerili statia _ eseebidan imsaxurebs nawyveti ìlia 

WavWavaZe~, ori brwyinvale werili vaJa-faSavelas Semoqmedebaze, pirveli 

maTgani win uZRvis vaJa-fSavelas TxzulabaTa pirvel toms, romelic 1927 

wels gamovida, xolo meore cota ufro mogvianebiT daiwera da eZRvneba 

vaJa-fSavelas literaturuli winapris sakiTxs. am werilebs gakvriT 

zemoTac SevexeT. erTi werili eZRvneba vaJas umcros Zmas _ baCanas da 

warmoadgens misi cxiovrebisa da Semoqmedebis saintereso ganxilvas. 

vrceli sayuradRebo werili uZRvna tician tabiZem did realists daviT 

kldiaSvils. aseve vrceli werili eZRvneba Sio aragvispirelisa da misi 

Semoqmedebis ganxilvas da a.S. 

tician tabiZis literaturul-kritikuli werilebis daxasiaTebisas 

usaTuod unda aRiniSnos erTi ram: aSkaraa, rom am werilebs wers ara 

marto saxelovani poeti da kritikosi, aramed literaturis istorikosi, 

yvela es werili gamoirCeva ara marto gansaxilveli avtoris 

TxzulebaTa literaturuli Rirebulebis wamoCeniT, Tematikurmxatvruli 

mxaris SefasebiT, aramed, maTi adgilis Cvenebaze farTo 

msjelobiT qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebis istoriaSi, imaze 

miTiTebiT, Tu ra mdgomareoba iyo am mwerlamde qarTul mwerlobaSi, Tu 

ra imemkvidra man da ra siaxle Semoitana. es midgoma principis doneze 

ayvanili poziciaa Cveni mkvlevrisa da rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT es 

interesi im mxrivac iqneba realizebuli, rom 1929 wels tician tabiZe 

dawers mokle narkvevs axali qarTuli literaturis istoriaze, 

romelsac sadisertacio naSromis momdevno TavSi SevexebiT. 

erTi didi Rirsebac tician tabiZis literaturul-kritikuli 

werilebisa isaa, rom didi erudiciis, farTo literaturuli 

horizontis kritikosi-mkvlevari qarTvel mweralTa Sefasebas xSirad 

88

axdens msoflio literaturis konteqsSi, miuTiTebs msgavsebagansxvavebebze, 

gavlenebze, evropeli da rusi avtorebisa da a.S. 

unda isic garkveviT iTqvas, rom ticin tabiZisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebelia saTqmelis didi kondensirebuloba, SekumSuloba. mis 

narkvevebs Zalze xSirad Tezisuri forma gamoarCevs saTqmelisa. aq 

TiTqmis yoveli fraza gaSlisTvisaa mzad. 

didi ilia WavWavaZisadmi tician tabiZis mimarTeba TiTqmis yvela 

mis werilSi moCans. Tu 1916 wels Jurnal `cisferi yanwebis~ programul 

werilSi `cisferi yanwebiT~ (#1, 2) Wabuki ticiani eWvis qveS ayenebda 

ilia WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis poezias, manamde, erTi wliT adre, 

tician tabiZe rogorc erT-erTi Tayvanismcemeli qarTveli 60-ianelebisa, 

werda: `grigol orbeliani, akaki weTreTeli, ilia WavWavaZe _ es Cveni 

eris mwuxris ki ara, SuadRis momRerlebi arian. maTi simRera Wabukuria 

da maTSi mReris òrbiviT damwvari~ ferfliT amdgari saqarTvelo~. es 

werili moskovSi swavlisas daiwera, roca axalgazrda ticiani mTlianad 

iyo momzadebuli `besikis baRSi bodleris borotebis yvavilebis~ 

gadmosargavad. rogorc vxedavT, tician tabiZis amdroindeli esTetikuri 

xedva winaaRmdegobrivia, rac kargad vlindeba 60-ianelebTan 

damokidebulebaSi. rogorc viciT, is da misi megobrebi simbolizmiT 

gatacebis wlebSi daupirispirdnen iliasa da akakis esTetikur 

Sexedulebebs. magram, sabednierod TviT aseTi dapirispirebis Jamsac 

ticiani Tanmimdevruli ar yofila da qarTvel 60-ianelTa poeturi 

Rvawlis uarmyofeli werilebis gverdiT igi iseT statiebsac wers, 

sadac xotbas asxams ilisa da akakis uzarmazar damsaxurebas. 

`CvenSi rom gaCndnen dadaistebi, isinic ver uaryofen ilia 

WavWavaZis did figuras. ilia rom gamoakldes XIX saukunis, maSin 

iqneboda saqarTvelo samudamod dabnelebuli~, _ es striqonebi 1922 

wels iwereboda _ jer kidev simbolizmiTa da dadaizmiT gatacebis 

wlebSi da amdenad igi sakuTar TavTan kamaTisa da dapirispirebis 

gamovlenadac SeiZleba iqnas miCneuli. 

ilis Rvawlis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebul yuradRebas 

imsaxurebs ìlia WavWavaZe~ nawyveti, igi 1922 wliT aris daTariRebuli, 

89

oca, rogorc iTqva, tician tabiZe jer kidev `cisferyanwelTa~ erT 

Tavkacad moiazreba da roca aranairi niSani ar Cans poziciis Secvlisa. 

vicnobT ilia WavWavaZeze bevri mwerlis STambeWdav gamonaTqvamebs; 

rad Rirs am mxriv konstantine gamsaxurdias, giorgi leoniZis da sxvaTa 

nawerebi, romlebic didi sityvieri energiis Semcveli mWevrmetyveluri 

frazebiT Cven gvagrZnobineben ilis didi figuris Zalas, mis udides 

damsaxurebas saqarTvelos winaSe. 

erTi gamorCeulia am TvalsazrisiT tician tabiZis ìlia WavWavaZe~. 

tician tabiZes ganzraxva hqonia vrclad daewera iliaze deklaraciis 

saxiT, Tezisurad, `romlebic Semdeg gaixsnebao~. tician tabiZis azriT, 

XIX saukune ilias saukunea. es saukune ìliam kidec moigona, kidec 

Seqmna da Tavisi sisxliT kidec dahkira~. `me-19 saukunis didi epopeis 

mTavari mbrZanebeli iyo ilia WavWavaZe~. erTi sityviT, tician tabiZe 

Zalin STambeWdavad miuTiTebs ilias im arsebiT niSan-Tvisebaze, rac 

Semdeg sagangebod daxasiaTdeba, rogorc pirovnuli Zalis gancda (23). 

ticin tabiZe am nawyvetSi miuTiTebs, rom sami meoTxedi im sityvebisa, 

romlebsac dRes xmarobs qarTuli mecniereba, ilis Seqmnilia. Semdegi 

Taobebi, amas ukve aRar ukvirdebiano, `rogorc ar ukvirdebian imas, Tu 

vin moigona an Seqmna pirvelad ena~ (43; 13). axla enaTmecnierebi 

sagangebod ikvleven ilis leqsikologiur damsaxurebas. am sakiTxze 

uweriaT a. SaniZes, arn. Ciqobavas, v. Tofurias, i. qavTaraZes, j. 

WumburiZes, b. jorbenaZes, ... monografiuli gamokvleva aqvs g. 

SalamberiZes, arn. Ciqobava wers: àxla saliteraturo normebis sakiTxs 

Seiswavlis samecniero dawesebuleba, xolo ilias dros saliteraturo 

qarTulis normaTa sakiTxebis mogvareba sazogado moRvaweTa Taosnobis 

saqme iyo. moTaveobas ilia WavWavaZe kisrulobda. es iTqmis axali 

terminebis Sesaxeb, rac saliteraturo enas sWirdeboda qarTuli 

leqiskis ASeswavlisa da leqsikonis Sedgenis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb. 

amasac ilia WavWavaZe uvlida~ (47; 2-5). 

sazogadod mTeli nawyveti ìlia WavWavaZe~ dawerilia ilias 

pirovnebis Zalis gancdis niSniT. tician tabiZe erT-erTi pirvelTagani 

gviSinaarsebs ilias moRvaweobis sferoebis SemousazRvrelobas, 

mravalmxrivobas; ìlia yvelgan cdida Tavis Tavs. is iyo poeti, 

90

eletristi, dramaturgi, publicisti, Jurnalisti, mecnieri, reJisori, 

finansisti, oratori, istorikosi da kidev ramdeni sxva...~, Cven ar viciT, 

sad veZeboT misi SesaZleblobebis mTavri sazomi, `misi namdvili saxe~ 

(44; 482). da ai aseTi Tanabari Zalis, Tanabari SesaZleblobebis fonze, 

tician tabiZe, iseve rogorc zogi sxva avtori manamde, (mag. kita abaSiZe) 

fiqrobs, rom ilia gansakuTrebiT Zlieria prozaSi, rom XIX saukuneSi 

praqtikulad iliam Seqmna WeSmariti proza, rom ilia WavWavaZe am mxriv 

darCa dauZlevelad da rom mis Semdeg uklebliv yvelam misi gavlena 

ganicada, da bevri vinc mas gars exvia, sacodavad gamoiyureba mis 

gverdiT. tician tabiZe erT-erTi pirveli amaxvilebs yuradRebas imaze, 

rom ara marto mxatvruli prozaa aseTi, aramed es iTqmis mis kritikulpublicistur 

prozazec. sagulisxmoa rom tician tabiZe erT-erTi 

pirvelTagani acnobierebs ilias publicisturi prozis mxatvrul Zalas; 

marTalia, amas sxvebic grZnoben, magram tician tabiZe erT-erTi pirveli 

mkiTxvels ucnobierebs ilias publicistikis didi zemoqmedebis Zalas. 

araerTgzis iqna miTiTebuli zemoT, rom simbolisti t. tabiZe eWvs 

qveS ayenebda ilias lirikis Rirebulebas. isic sayovelTaod cnobilia, 

rom TiTqmis yvela kritikosi, vinc ilias da akakis poezias adarebda 

erTmaneTs, upiratesobas yovelTvis akakis aniWebda (mag. n. nikolaZe, 

sil. xundaZe, r. fancxava (xomleli), g. qiqoZe da sxv.) da ai 1922 wels 

simbolisti tician tabiZe, romelic bunebrivia, icnobs gavrcelebul 

mosazrebas, aRniSnul werilSi ilia WavWavaZeze saTanados miuwyavs 

ilias _ lirikos poets da garkveviT acxadebs, `rom ilis leqsi, yovel 

SemTxvevaSi ar CamorCeboda akakis leqss da mxolod TanamedroveTa 

ukulturobas unda mieweros is, rom ilias ayenebdnen akakize dabla~ (43; 

14). 

bunebrivia, vifiqroT, rom tician tabiZisaTvis yovelTvis Zvirfasi 

iyo akaki wereTlis saxeli. jer kidev maSin, roca tician tabiZe 

moskovis universitetis III kursisi studenti iyo, gardaicvala didi 

akaki. tician tabiZem es Zalian ganicada da dabeWda `Рампа и жизнь~-Si 

akakis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili werili. amis Taobaze TviTon ticiani 

gviambobs Tavis SesaniSnav statiaSi àleqsandre sumbaTaSvili~. 

`rodesac akaki wereTeli mokvda, ianvari iyo 1915 wlisa. moskovSi 

91

glovis xmad gaisma udidesi poetis sikvdili. ucxoeTSi ufro mwvaved 

grZnobs kaci aseT sikvdils. maxsovs, maSin daibeWda Cemi werili akakize 

`Рампа и жизнь~-Si (43; 127). es werili waekiTxa aleqsandre sumbaTaSvils, 

gamoexmo ticiani da Seeqo . 

marTalia, sxva calke werili Cven tician tabiZisa sakuTriv akakize 

ar gvaqvs, magram ara erTsa da or werilSi exeba tician tabiZe akakis da 

Zalian sayuradRebo mosazrebebs gvTavazobs mis Sesaxeb. Zalze 

saintereso werilSi òmis Tema qarTul mwerlobaSi~ tician tabiZe 

aviTarebs azrs, rom qarTveli mudam icavda Tavis sanukvar miwa-wyals, 

Tavis saTayvano samSoblos. `qarTvelma omi gaixada RvTis msaxurebad~. 

qarTvelma mweralma yuri ar aTxova pacifizms da erTxelac ar 

uRalatia Zveli tradiciebisaTvis. didi humanisti akaki wereTelic ki 

moxucebulobaSi natrobda Tavisi TeTri WaRaris mtris sisxliT 

SeRebvas. àmnairma ganwyobilebam akakis sulisa amoaqsova àrabi faSa~, 

romelic jer CvenSi saTanadod ar aris dafasebuli~. erTi mxriv swored 

amitomac akaki grigol orbelianTan, iliasTan da vaJasTan erTad, 

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, tician tabiZes exateba Cveni eris mwuxris ki 

ara, SuadRis momRerlad. 

tician tabiZe warmosaxviT gadadis warsulSi da im qarTvel 

didostatebze fiqrobs, romlebic jadosnuri feradebiT udgamdnen suls 

Tavisi drois RvawliTa da gmirobiT Semosil pirovnebebs. `mxolod 

mxatvrul mwerlobaSi ar arian aRdgenili es istoriuli figurebi~. da 

ai, tician tabiZis sityvebiT àkaki wereTelma poema `Tornike erisTavis~ 

meoxebiT erTi TvaliT SeanaTa am samyaroSi, magram erTi poeturi 

ieriSiT verc akaki aiRebda am cixe-simagres~ (43; 47). SesaniSnav werilSi 

daviT kldiaSvilze tician tabiZe gakvriT axsenebs akakis prozas, 

kerZod mis `raWis erisTav rostoms~. ticianis azriT esaa erTi 

saukeTeso ambavi feodalebis cxovrebidan da igi ar Camouvardeba 

stendalis ìtaliur qronikebs~. àq aRwerili rostom erisTavis 

daSinaurebuli irmebis jogebis amoxocvis ambavi da TviTon rostomis 

dabrmaveba nadirobis dros namdvilad homerosis eposidan aris 

amoRebuli~ (43; 84). 

92

savsebiT gasagebia, rom gansakuTrebuli interesis sagani tician 

tabiZis, rogorc kritikosisaTvis aris vaJa-fSavelas figura. igi bevrs 

fiqrobs vaJaze rogorc poeti da rogorc Teoretikosi. ar iyo 

SemTxveviTi, rom vaJa fSavelas TxzulebaTa I toms, romelic 1927 wels 

aleqsandre abaSelis redaqciiT gamovida, win uZRvis tician tabiZis 

Sesavali werili _ `vaJa-fSavela~. es werili erT-erTi Zalze sayuraRebo 

niSansvetia didi vaJas aRiarebis gzaze, rac iliam, upirveles yovlisa, 

da grigol robaqiZem 1909 wels daiwyes. meore werili ufro mogvianebiT 

_ 1930 wels daiwera da eZRvneba vaJas literaturuli winapris dadgenis 

sakiTxs. tician tabiZis am statiaTa Sefaseba-ganxilvas vxvdebiT i. 

evgeniZis sayuradRebo naSromSi (16; 137-147). 

vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb tician tabiZes adrec aqvs gamoTqmuli 

garkveuli friad sayuraRebo mosazrebebi, zogjer sadao. (mag, vaJas 

warmarTobis Sesaxeb), magram ufro xSirad angariSgasawevi (vaJas bunebis 

grZnobis Sexaxeb da a.S.); axla Cveni uSualo interesis sagani sakuTriv 

vaJas Sesaxeb dawerili werilia, romelic vaJas TxzulebaTa pirvel 

toms miuZRvis. 

tician tabiZe Tavdapirvelad imaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas, rom 

vaJa-fSavela TandaTan imkvidrebs did saxels qarTul mwerlobaSi da 

rom zogierTisaTvis arc sadReisodaa naTeli misi memkvidreoba. 

marTlac gaZnelda vaJas gageba da damkvidreba qarTveli mkiTxvelis 

cnobierebaSi da rom am gzaze didia damsaxureba did metrTan ilia 

WavWavaZesTan erTad grigol robaqiZisa da axalgazrdebis im jgufisa, 

romlebic `cisferyanwelTa~ saxelwodebiT gamovidnen literaturul 

asparezze, da romelTa Soris am mxriv gansakuTrebuli iyo roli tician 

tabiZisa. aRniSnulis miuxedavad aqve tician tabiZe saWirod Tvlis 

sagangebod ganacxados, rom vaJas aRiareba araa romelime pirovnebis 

anda literaturuli jgufis kaprizi. misi damkvidreba-aRiareba xdeboda 

bunebrivad misi Tvisebebis TandaTan warmoCenis gziT literaturismcodneobaSi, 

rom bunebrivad xdeba im adgilis kanonierad dasakuTreba, 

romelic mas ekuTvnis (43; 16). TiTqos ar iyo safuZveli vaJas aRqmis 

gaZnelebisa, radgan XIX saukunis qarTvel poetTagan vaJa-fSavela 

yvelaze ufro xalxuria da gasagebi. magram mas mainc imdeni specifikuri 

93

Tavisebureba aqvs umTavresad fSauri dialeqtis xmarebis gamo, rom misi 

erovnuli Rirebuleba `didxans daCrdiluli Canda~. 

tician tabiZe sagangebod Cerdeba ilis rolze vaJas geniis 

aRiarebis Taobaze. poeti aRniSnavs, rom es azri zepirad vrceldeba da 

amis werilobiTi dokumenti ar arsebobso. da ai, ticians gadauwyvetia am 

mniSvnelovan azrs werilobiTi dasabuTeba mouZebnos, ramdenadac, misi 

sityvebiT, igi ver Sexvda ilias mier daweril iseT dokuments, rac 

aRniSnavda `mTeli sisruliT~ vaJa-fSavelas movlinebas. ...da ai, 

pirvelad qarTul litaraturul sinamdvileSi t. tabiZe gamoTqvams 

dabejiTebiT varauds, rom ilias saxelganTqmul `werilebSi qarTul 

literaturaze~ `didad saimedo poeti~, romelic n. baraTaSvilis kvals 

Caudga da misi poeturi memkvidrea, da romelsac ilia WavWavaZe 

sifrTxiliT ar asaxelebs, `vaJa-fSavela iyo~. t. tabiZe fiqrobs rom es 

moridebuli aRiarebaa vaJa-fSavelasi 1892 wlisaTvis, roca ilias 

`werilebi...~ daiwera. magram imdenad didi iyo ilias gamoTqmuli 

Sexedulebis Zala, rom ès gaubedavi sityvebi vaJas kaninizaciad 

miiCnies~. t. tabiZis mier gamoTqmuli es varaudi sazogadod iqna 

gaziarebuli qarTvel mkvlevarTa mier (16; 142). 

t. tabiZe imis saintereso axsnas iZleva, Tu ratom moxda, rom ilia 

da akaki sococxleSive iqnen aRiarebuli, xolo vaJa-fSavela ise mokvda, 

rom ar ugrZnia eris sayovelTao siyvaruli. t. tabiZis angariSgasawevi 

axsniT, iliasa da akakis literaturul moRvaweobas emateboda 

sazogadoebrivi Rvawli, eris winamZRoloba, xolo vaJas poeturi 

SesaZleblobebis zenitSi yofnisas politika da poezia imdenad iyo 

erTimeorisagan gaTiSuli obieqturi mizezebis gamo, rom mwerali 

TavisTavad veRar TamaSobda im did rols, rac Tavis droze ilias da 

akakis hqondaT dakisrebuli. 90-iani wlebisaTvis, roca vaJa-fSavelas 

moRvaweoba uxdeboda, sakuTriv poezia aRar iyo imdenad did pativSi, 

isic datvirTuli iyo `pozitiuri azrovnebiT~. am dros prozas ufro 

daekisra ideaTa gamoxatva, vidre poezias, es iyo narodnikebis 

moRvaweobis dro. ticiani fiqrobs, rom vaJas nawarmoebTa didi nawilic 

àRbeWdilia xalxosnuri suliskveTebiT~. gasagebia, rom es azri vaJas 

narodnikuri suliskveTebiT aRbeWvdis Sesaxeb samarTlianad ar iqna 

94

gaziarebuli Semdgomi drois mkvlevarTa mier; magram saqme isaa rom 

ticianic male gaemijna am azrs. aRniSnuli werilis Tanaxmad, tician 

tabiZe Tvlis rom vaJa-fSavela iyo sruliad àxali samyaro~, `sruliad 

Taviseburi pirovnebiT da moraliT~, vaJa iyo ìseTi comisagan 

mozelili, rom arc erT qveyanaSi imis purs ar sWamen~. mogvianebiT, 1930 

wels daweril statiaSi `daviT guramiSvili da vaJa-fSavela~ tician 

tabiZem uaryo Sexeduleba vaJa-fSavelas rogorc uCveulo movlenis 

Sesaxeb qarTul mwerlobaSi da Zalzed sainteresod vaJas cnobil 

leqsze dayrdnobiT, romelic man daviT guramiSvilis xsovnas miuZRvna, 

daasabuTa, rom vaJa Cvens poeziaSi ar iyo calke mdgomi xelovani, rom 

mas hyavda literaturuli winapari da rom es winapari daviT 

guramiSvili iyo. am weriliT tician tabiZem Tavisi didbunebovnebac 

daadastura, uCvena, rom igi ganuwyvetlad fiqrobs TavisTvis 

mniSvnelovan literaturul problemebze da ar eTakileba azri 

Seicvalos, Tavisi pirvandeli Secdoma aRiaros. ticina tabiZis es 

Zalzed sayuradRebo, nayofieri daskvna Semdgom ganviTarebas poulobs 

grigol kiknaZis fundamentalur naSromSi vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb (24; 271- 

277). 

qarTul sinamdvileSi kvalificiuri msjeloba simbolizmis raobis 

Sesaxeb tician tabiZis werilebiTa da eseebiT iwyeba. am mxrivac aris 

mniSvnelovani aRniSnuli statia vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb. tician tabiZe 

erT-erTi pirveli akritikebs Sexedulebas vaJa-fSavelas simbolistobis 

Sesaxeb. 

simboloebs rogorc tician tabiZe miuTiTebs, mimarTavdnen yvela 

droSi; mimarTavdnen mas antikur epoqaSiac da saSualo saukuneebSic; 

bunebrivia vifiqroT rom simboloebs mimarTavdnen romantikosebic, 

magram es sruliadac ar gulisxmobs rom saqme simbolizmTan gvqondes... 

da rom swored vaJaze msjelobisas aris erTmaneTSi aRreuli 

simboloebis gamoiyeneba da simbolizmi, rogorc literaturuli 

mimarTuleba (43; 19). `CvenSi, aRmosavleTSi, _ wers tician tabiZe, _ 

mniSvneloba qonda kidev erT garemoebas, aq alegoria miRebuli iqna 

simbolod, rac TavisTavad Secdomaa. vaJa-fSavela imdenad yovlisdamtevi 

poetiaa rom advili iyo mis SemoqmedebaSi aseTi elementebis Zebna. 

95

Semdeg aseTma inerciam simbolistebad gamoacxada iseTi xalxi, 

romelTac araviTari kavSiri ar qondaT simbolistebTan da Zalian 

naklebi kavSiri – dawmendil mwerlobasTan, magram es albaT 

analogiebis inercias miewereboda~ (43; 19). tician tabiZe samarTlianad 

wers, àr arsebobs jer iseTi literaturuli gamokvleva romelSic iyo 

axsnili am skolis mTavari mamoZravebeli Zala~. amdenad simbolizmi 

rCeba aqamde erTgvar literaturul ganwyobilebad. umTavresi rac mas 

axasiaTebs, aris naturalizmis uaryofa, formalur RirebulebaTa 

gadafaseba. `sazogadod misticizmi damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa 

simbolizmisa~. vaJasaTvis isaa damaxasiaTebeli rac saerTod qarTuli 

mwerlobisaTvis, rom misticizmi àr aris qarTuli mwerlobis 

Tandayolili Tviseba~. vaJas azrovneba mTlianad ewinaaRmdegeba 

misticizms. 

rogorc samarTlianad miuTiTeben, `vaJa-fSavelas weris maneris 

Sesaxeb ticianis dakvirvebebma gavlena moaxdina Semdgomi Taobis 

mkvlevarTa kvleva-ZiebiT praqtikaze. tician tabiZis mier wamoWrilma 

aRniSnulma sakiTxebma Rrma mecnieruli dasabuTeba hpova cnobili 

mkvlevris grigol kiknaZis wignSi `vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba~, sadac 

avtori mdidari mecnieruli da mxatvruli masalis safuzvelze wers 

friad saintereso nakveTs wignisa _ `vaJa-fSavelas weris manera~ (16; 143). 

Zalzed sayuradReboa is mosazrebebi, romlebic tician tabiZem 

vaJa-fSavelas leqsTwyobis Sesaxeb gamoTqva. tician tabiZis TqmiT, vaJafSavelas 

ar hqonia Tavisi individualuri leqsTwyoba. is umTavresad 

eyrdnoba xalxur Sairs da asea Tavidan bolomde. es vaJasTan 

gacnobierebulad xdeboda. es iyo misi poeturi misia, es iyo misi 

damsaxureba. tician tabiZis dakvirvebiT, vaJas leqsika ar gamoirCeva 

riTmis simdidriT. `vaJas riTma... Raribia. vaJas aqvs gamudmebuli à~ da 

è~-Ti daboloebuli leqsis striqonebi, magram vaJa-fSavela ise awyobs 

leqss da sityvebs, mas iseTi saidumalo aqvs qarTuli sityvisa, romelic 

gamoucnoblad imaleba xalxSi da rac vaJam intuiciid igrZno da 

SeiTvisa. mxolod es aZlevda vaJas leqss `naWedis simtkices~. es azri _ 

vaJas riTmis siRaribis kompensirebisa leqsikis amouwuravi simdidris 

xarjze Semdeg saTanado ilustrirebiT Rrma mecnierul safuZvelze 

96

dayrdnobiT ganviTarebulia grigol kiknaZis naSromSi _ `riTma vaJafSavelas 

poema `baxtrionSi~ (27; 129-143). swored am konteqstSi _ vaJas 

riTmis siRaribis konteqstSi ganixilavs tician tabiZe grigol 

orbelianis TeTri leqsiT Sesrulebul `muSa boqulaZes~ da iSveliebs 

ilia WavWavaZis mosazrebasac am leqsis Sesaxeb. aqve imowmebs tician 

tabiZe ilia WavWavaZis TxzulebaTa redaqtoris p. ingoroyvas mosazrebas: 

àq winaswar mocemulia saidumlo Seqspiris ivane maCabliseuli 

Targmanisa. bevrs egona, rom es ritmi pirvelad ivane maCabelma moigona. 

ueWvelia pirveli saTave grigol orbelianTan unda veZioT~ (43; 24). 

tician tabiZis es msjeloba, TavisTavad mniSvnelovani erT koreqtivs 

usaTuod saWiroebs. rogorc marTebulad miuTiTeben, pirvelad Seqspiri 

erTad Targmnes ilia WavWavaZem da ivane maCabelma da is saleqso forma, 

is TeTri, uriTmo leqsi swored maT gamoiyenes pirvelad `mefe liris~ 

Targmnis dros, ra sazomiTac Semdeg ivane maCabelma gaagrZela 

SesaniSnavad Seqspiris Targmna, amdenad marTebuli iqneba vTqvaT, rom 

grigol orbelianis mier pirvelad qarTul mwerlobaSi gamoyenebuli 

forma TeTri leqsisa Semdeg Seqspiris Targmnis dros daamkvidres ilia 

WavWavaZem da ivane maCabelma (33; 156-157; 54; 182). 

tician tabiZe exeba akaki wereTlisa da vaJa-fSavelas polemikas 

vaJas poeziis enis Sesaxeb. misi Zalze sagulisxmo dakvirevebiT, akakis 

araa aqvs safuZveli am sakiTxze vaJasTan davisa da igi mxolod `Saris 

modebaa~, ramdenadac TviTon akaki Zlieria imdenad, ramdenadac eyrdnoba 

xalxur sityvierebas, mis leqsSi yvelaze gamZle da lirikuli swored 

isaa, `rac xalxur Semoqmedebazea dayrdnobili~ (44; 513). erTi sityviT, 

rogorc miuTiTeben, sazogadod àkaki da vaJa, iseve rogorc ilia 

WavWavaZe erT poziciaze dganan~ (16; 104-118). 

zogjer sakamaTo, magram yovelTvis sagulisxmo angariSgasawev 

mosazrebebs gvTavazobs tician tabiZe vaJas epikuri poeziis Sesaxeb. am 

nawilSi avtori vaJas poemebs udarebs n. baraTaSvilis, iliasa da akakis 

poemebs. misi azriT, maT Soris is udidesi gansxvavebaa, rom n. 

baraTaSvili, ilia da akaki istoriul masalas imarjveben da istorias, 

warsuls acocxleben, aq `paTosi gadatanilia warsulSi~, ara gvaqs saqme 

97

pirdapir xilvasTan. 1 vaJa mTaSi cxovrobda, `sadac jer kidev cocxali 

iyo Zveli istoriuli yofa, SeiZleboda misi SemoqmedebiTi masalis 

uSualo gancda, masTan uSualo ziareba, rac t. tabiZis azriT, 

aucilebeli pirobaa WeSmariti eposis Sesaqmnelad, rom vaJa Semoqmedi 

Zalian axlosaa xalxur warmodgenebTan, `xalxis koleqtiur sulTan~. 

tician tabiZe sagangebod msjelobs vaJaseuli bunebis aRqmagansaxierebis 

Taviseburebebze. igi im azrs aviTarebs, rac, artur 

laistis gadmocemiT, Tavis droze ilia WavWavaZes gamouTqvams (29; 50) da 

rac Semdeg 1909 wels gaxda mTavari xazi grigol robaqiZis leqciisa 

vaJas `gvelismWamelis” Sesaxeb (46; 184-192) da romlis Tanaxmadac, tician 

tabiZis sityvebiT, `buneba misTvis ar aris usulo arseba. vaJas bunebaSi 

yoveli arseba cocxlobs. nisli misTvis `mTebis fiqria~, àragvs piri 

ucinis, tani uSvenis xmliani~. misTvis ar arsebobs sicocxle gareSe 

bunebisa da panTeisturi poezia ver daasaxelebda ukeTes poets, 

romelsac gadmoucia es Sinagani grZnoba bunebisa da adamianis 

Tanayofisa~. azri vaJas panTeistobis Sesaxeb, rogorc cnobilia 

sabolood ar aris gaziarebuli (24; 131-140; 18; 37-51). 

Zalzed sayuradReboa vaJas prozis tician tabiZiseuli 

daxasiaTeba. rogorc miuTiTeben, `vaJas poeziis originalurobam da 

saxeTa daZabulobam misi prozis `Cveulebrivi~ da dinjad mimdinare 

metyveleba daCrdila. albad amiTac aixsneba, rom vaJa-fSavelas dideba 

da saxeli jer kidev ar aris dakavSirebuli mis prozaul TxzulebebTan: 

vaJas proza sagangebo yuradRebis sagnad aqamde ar gamxdara; 

yovel SemTxvevaSi, mis `gamoyenebas~ Tu cdiloben vaJas 

msoflmxedvelobis cxadsayofad, Torem Tavis Tavad vaJas prozas 

namdvili literaturul-kritikuli analizi ar Rirsebia~ (24; 207). 

Zalzed mniSvnelovania, rom aseT viTarebaSi didi esTeti, faqizi 

literaturuli gemovnebis tician tabiZe erT-erTi pirvelTagani 

aRtacebas gamoxatavs jer kidev XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi vaJas proziT 

mogvrils da mouwodebs literaturismcodneebs vaJas prozis seriozul 

____________________________________ 

1 

Tumca aseTi gancxadebis SemTxvevaSi t. tabiZe ramdenadme ewinaaRmdegeba Tavis Tavs, roca akakis `raWis 

erisTav rostoms~ homerosis eposidan amoRebulad miiCnevs (44; 84). 

98

kvlevisaken. igi wers: `vaJa-fSavelas proza kidev moelis mkvlevars da 

es mkvlevari iolad daamtkicebs, rom sulxan-saba orbelianis Semdeg 

prozis aseTi ostati ar hyolia saqarTvelos~. swored vaJas proza 

aZlevs tician tabiZes utyuar arguments imisTvis, rom ganacxados: àq 

ukve aSkaraa, rom vaJa weris maneriT realistia~ (43; 26). 

rogorc samarTlianad aris miTiTebuli samecniero literaturaSi, 

`vaJa-fSavelas weris maneris Sesaxeb t. tabiZis dakvirvebebma gavlena 

moaxdina Semdgomi Taobis mkvlevarTa kvleva-ZiebiT praqtikaze... tician 

tabiZis mier wamoWrilma aRniSnulma sakiTxma Rrma mecnieruli 

daxasiaTeba pova grigol kiknaZis wignSi `vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba~, 

sadac avtori mdidar mecnierul da mxatvrul masalis safuZvelze wers 

friad saintereso nakveTs wignisa _ `vaJa-fSavelas weris manera~ (16; 143). 

tician tabiZis yuradRebas iqcevs is faqti rom gansxvavebiT vaJafSavelas 

poeziis enisagan vaJas proza daxvewili salitreraturo eniTaa 

dawerili. tician tabiZis TqmiT, mwerals aq ara aqvs naxmari àrc erTi 

provionciuli gamoTqma~ (43; 26). praqtikulad tician tabiZis es dakvirveba 

imas gulisxmobs, rom dialeqtis gamoyeneba poeziaSi mxatvrulesTetikuri 

miznebiTaa nakarnaxevi da amave TvalsazrisiT saWiroebs 

daxasiaTebas. vaJas saxelganTqmul moTxrobebs tician tabiZe moixseniebs 

rogorc leqsebs prozad. am moTxrobebis mizandasaxuloba, tician 

tabiZis azriT, bunebis gacocxleba da mis sulSi Caxedvaa~ (43; 27). 

amgvari moTxrobebis gverdiT avtors yuradRebis miRma ar rCeba 

fSavis Tanamedrove soflis Tema. am narkvevis mixedviT, tician tabiZes 

vaJa-fSavela aSkarad xalxosnebis tipis mwerlad esaxeba. igi wers: àq 

naTlad Cans misi sazogadoebrivi ideali, rac ayenebs mas sxva qarTveli 

mwerlebis gverdiT, romelTa cxovreba da mwerlobis mizani iyo 

mSromeli xalxis siyvaruli da gamoqomageba... vaJa-fSavela sxva mis 

Tanamedrove `xalxosnuri~ mimarTulebis mwerlebis idealebiT 

cxovrobs~ (16; 28). cota mogvianebiT tician tabiZe Tavis Tavad am 

usafuZvlo mosazrebas Tavidanve uaryofs. aqve, amave werilSi, tician 

tabiZeE miuTiTebs qarTul mwerlobaSi `mTis skolis~ arsebobaze, 

romlis erT meTaurTaganac exateba vaJa. rogorc saTanadod aris 

99

miTiTebuli samecniero literaturaSi, qarTul mwerlobaSi araviTari 

`mTis skolis~ arseboba ar dasturdeba (16; 145). 

`tician tabiZis dakvirvebiT vaJa-fSavela Tavis TavSi aerTebs 

Zveli da axali xelovnebis niSnebs. Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi masaliT is 

eyrdnoiba Zvels, magram mxatvruli xedviT uaRresad Tanamedrove poetia~ 

(16; 144). swored amas mowmobs da sxvas arafers tician tabiZis sityvebi: 

`vaJam dakarga Tavisi fesvebi da xalxis fesvebSi gaibna, man dakarga 

Tavisi xma, rom xalxis xmiT amRerebuliyo. sxva xalxTa cxovrebaSi da 

literaturis istoriaSi aseTi mwerlebi ibadebian mwerlobis 

dawyebisTanave. es aris xalxis kosmogonia misi miTebiT da TqmulebebiT 

STagonebuli poetebi - rogorc homerosia da virgiliusi. maT swamdaT 

yvelaferi, rac Cven dRes legendurad gveCveneba. Tu es pirveli rwmena 

ar yofiliyo, isini ase uSualod verc imRerebdnen, magram maSin isini ar 

iyvnen Cveni skepsisiT datvirTulni. vaJa-fSavelam ki gaiara Tanamedrove 

poeziis Sxamiani gza; man icoda me-19 saukunis yvela sawamlavi, magram 

masSi mainc sZlia uSualo poeturma intuiciam da gadna xalxSi, gaixsna 

mis gulSi, rom Semdeg amdgariyo gamarjvebuli siyvarulis Zlevamosili 

simReriT~ (43; 30). 

rogrc zemoT iyo miTiTebuli tician tabiZem samiod wlis Semdeg 

dawera kidev erTi Zalzed sayuradRebo statia _ `daviT guramiSvili da 

vaJa-fSavela~, romelic man àm ori didi mgosnis leqsis am ori didi 

poetis Semoqmedebis motivTa, leqsis mxatvruli struqturis 

SepirispirebiT daxasiaTebas miuZRvna, riTac `saTave daudo adreul 

literaturul tradiciebTan vaJa-fSavelas mimarTebis rkvevas. amiTac 

misca poetma erTgvari gezi Semdgomi Taobis mkvlevarebs, raTa maT 

warmatebiT ekvliaT es saintereso problema~ (16; 146). 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tician tabiZem erT-erTma pirvelTaganma ara 

marto daaCqara vaJa-fSavelas popularoba, aramed miuTiTa im uaRresad 

mniSvnelovan problemebze, rac vaJas Semoqmedebis mkvlevarTa winaSe 

imTaviTve dgeba. tician tabiZe aris erTi didi saxeli vaJa-fSavelas 

rTuli da Rrma Semoqmedebis kvlevis gzaze, romelic axal impulsebs 

aZlevs Semdgom kvleva-Ziebas. 

100

aCana 

tician tabiZes ekuTvnis werili baCanaze, romelic 1928 wels aris 

dawerili, magram am werils arc sadReisod daukargavs mniSvneloba. 

mokle biografiuli cnobebis STambeWdavad gadmocemis Semdeg 

tician tabiZe axasiaTebs baCanas poezias. baCanas, ticianis TqmiT, 

marTalia hqonda interesebi epikuri poeziisadmi, magram faqtia, rom igi 

aq nakleb Zlieria. baCana ufro darCa rogorc lirikosi poeti. ticianis 

TqmiT `muxa~, `tyvis simRera~, `kesane~, `vina sTqva saqarTveloze~ 

lirikuli Sedevrebia. 

baCanas bevr leqsSi mSromelTa duxWiri cxovrebaa asaxuli. baCana 

xalxis wiaRidan iyo gamosuli da xalxis saTqmels advilad 

gamoTqvamda. baCanas aqvs interesi bunebis grZnobis gansaxierebisadmi, 

mgram igi Tavis Zmas CamorCeba, sayuarReboa misi sagmiro leqsebi, 

romlebis mxatvruli Zala imiTia gapirobebuli, rom aq igi xalxurs 

eyrdnoba. tician tabiZe sagangebod gamoyofs leqss, romelic baCanam Zmis 

sikvdilis gamo dawera. `Cven ar ggvonia, rom qarTul poeziaSi intimuri 

grZnobiT am leqss sxva romelime Seedrebodes~, _ wers ticiani (43; 45). 

miuxedavd drois moTxovniT gamowveuli garkveuli gadaxvevebisa, 

uaRresad sayuradReboa is werili tician tabiZisa, romelic eZRvneba 

daviT kldiaSvils. tician tabiZe saTanados miuzRvavs did klasikoss. 

misi azriT, daviT kldiaSvilma uCveulo mxatvruli ZaliT gadmogviSala 

imereTis wvril aznaurTa agonia (43; 79) TiTqos anegdoturi siuJetebiTa 

da umniSvnelo detalebiT gadagviSlis mwerali aznaurTa wodebis 

dacema- gadagvarebas, `qalaqis SemoWras sofelSi~. 

tician tabiZis azriT, daviT kldiaSvilma Sehqmna iumori, qarTul 

mwerlobaSi. tician tabiZe yuaradRebas amaxvilebs mogzaurobis 

kompoziciuri RerZis gamoyenebaze qarTul mwerlobaSi. saubaria 

`samaniSvilis dedinacvalze~. erTob sayuradReboa rom tician tabiZe 

sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebas mwerlis mier detalebis mowodebis 

did ostatobaze, detalebis mniSvnelobaze realisturi qmnilebisaTvis. 

sailustraciod ticians moaqvs bolo scena `samaniSvilis 

101

dedinacvlidan~ da wers: ès mosamarTle, dawerili arza, bavSvis 

tanisamosi, `kazirokiani~, qudi, Robis dangreva da yovelive davidaraba, 

rasac samaniSvili ayenebs Tavis dedinacvals da patara Zmas, mowmobs, Tu 

rogor qmnis daviT kldiaSvili wvrilmanebisagan Sedevrebs, es aris 

mozaika, raRac bizantiuri ostatoba, rom kenWebisagan koSki aigos~. (43; 

82). tician tabiZe agrZelebs: `ruseTSi n. gogolma imave xerxiT, rogorc 

daviT kldiaSvilma `samaniSvilis dedinacvalSi~, poema `mkvdar sulebSi~ 

daxata memamuleTa ruseTis epopea~ (43; 82). mogvianebiT gr. kiknaZe Tavis 

SesaniSnav gamokvklevaSi `gogolisebuli qarTul literaturaSi~ 

saTanado argumentaciiT aCvenebs, Tu rogor daamkvidres qarTul 

mwerlobaSi gogoliseburi xedva ilia WavWavaZem, daviT kldiaSvilma. ra 

didi, dauZleveli ostatebi arian isini detalizaciis TvalsazrisiT. am 

SemTxveveSi tician tabiZis kvleva aris erTgvari winapiroba amgvari 

mecnieruli narkvevis dawerisaTvis (26; 185-201). 

tician tabiZis azriT, daviT kldiaSvilisagan `SeuZlia axal 

Taobas iswavlos sada metyveleba, xalxuri enis gamoyeneba, lakonuri 

frazis mokveTa, viTom umniSvnelo detalebiT monumentaluri suraTis 

gaSla da anegdotiT _ eposis Seqmna~ (43; 87). 

SesaZloa d. kldiaSvuilis relizmis maRal Rirsebas gaxazavdes 

tician tabiZis Sefaseba, romelic bevrs usamarTloTac SeiZleba 

moeCvenos: `d. kldiaSvili aris meistorie ulmobeli, gulqva, 

ganukiTxavi~ (43; 84). 

d. kldiaSvilisadmi miZRvnil werilSi tician tabiZe gakvriT g. 

wereTlisa da e. ninoSvilis Rvawlsac exeba mwerlobaSi. k. abaSiZis 

kvalobaze t. tabiZec g. wereTels saxavs naturalist mwerlad. t. 

tabiZis sityvebiT, `sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis axal etapze SesamCnevi 

xdeba giorgi wereTlis figura. pirvelad man Cauyara saZirkveli 

saqarTveloSi naturalizms; pirvelad man igrZno axali sazogadoebriv 

ZalTa dajgufeba da misca signali. es aris savaWro kapitalis SemoWra 

saqarTveloSi da misgan gamowveuli cxovrebis aforiaqeba. 

,,pirvel nabijSi” baxva fulavas saxiT Semodis qarTul mwerlobaSi 

axali tipi, romelic mohyveba foTis navsadgurs, `mamida asmaTSi~ ki 

mocemulia wvril aznaurTa budeebis dangreva.~ rogorc tician tabiZis 

102

msjelobidan TvalnaTliv Cans, kritikosi kargad grZnobs g. wereTlis 

rogorc pirovnebisa da mwerlis erT Taviseburebas _ imas, rom Cvens 

mwerals aRmoaCnda uCveulo grZnoba Tanamedroveobisa, rom misi 

Semoqmedebis Tematikac farTod gagebuli Tanamedroveobaa. gasagebia, rom 

azri giorgi wereTlis naturalistobaze Semdgom ar iqna gaziarebuli 

samecniero literaturaSi. rac Seexeba egnate ninoSvils, tician tabizis 

azriT, mwerals aqvs ara marto alRo, aramed klasTa brZolis Teoriis 

Segnebac. guriis magaliTze mwerali Seexo kapitalizmis gamanadgurebel 

gavlenas sofelze. 

tician tabiZe Tavis saxelganTqmul werilSi `martoobis ordenis 

kavaleri~ aRniSnavs, rom n. baraTaSvilTan erTad mamia gurieli aris 

martoobis ordenis pirveli kavaleri. (43; 94) TiTqos galaktionamde mamia 

gurieli cdilobda eTqva, `rom daviRale me am kuboSi~. masSi iyo raRac, 

rac mas ganawyobda am sityvebis saTqmelad, magaram mainc aumRerebeli 

darCa balaxvani. `mamia ufro meti vizioneri iyo, vinem mqmneli... mis 

nerviulobasa da yvirilSi ar iyo proporacia... es dawyevlaa poetisa. 

ramden daumTavrebel simReras vmReriT Cven da ramdens vgrZnobT kidev 

dauwyebels... mamiam Tavisi kaxaberic ver gamoitira saSineli tiriliT~ 

(43; 97). Cven aSkarad vgrZnobT, rom aq winapari poetis sulSi intuiturad 

SeWrasTan gvaqvs saqme da imis danaxvasTan, grZnobasTan, rac kvlevis 

gziT ar miiRweva. mkvlevarisTvisac poetis amgvari nagrZnobi da 

gancdili fasdaudebelia. 

103

Sio aragvispireli 

aqve unda SevexoT ticianis kidev erT werils, romelic eZRvneba 

Sio aragvispirels. saqme isaa, rom Sio aragvispirels tician tabiZe 

miiCnevs axali qarTuli mwerlobis bolo warmomadgenlad. 

tician tabiZis azriT, Sio aragvispirels etyoba gavlena mopasanisa 

da meterlingisa. man literaturaSi Semoitana axali fsiqologiuri 

novelis Janri (43; 53). Tumca t. tabiZe aqve dasZens, rom adreul S. 

aragvispirels aklia siuJetis mkveTroba da sityvis ekonomia. am 

SemTxvevaSi gaugebaria Sio aragvispirelze mopasanis gavlenis gulveba. 

ticiani bevrad ufro mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs im novelebs, romlebSic 

uSualod qarTveli glexobis cxovrebaa aRwerili, romlesac mwerali 

kargad icnobs. kritikosi sagangebod gamoyofs novelebs: `miwaa~, `yvelai 

davkarge~, moTxrobas `giuli~. 

mTavari Tema S. aragvispirelis novelebisa aris siyvaruli, 

romelic mxolod xorcieli vnebaa da sxva araferi. mwerali xSirad 

mimarTavs gamanadgurebel ironias. zogierT moTxrobaze, mag. ànton 

zurabiCze~ poeti xedavs stanislav pSibiSevskis gavlenas. 

qarTuli soflisa da glexobis didi codniTaa dawerili moTxroba 

`deda mariami da xataura~. ufro ukeTesia `Cemo Svindav~. 

Sio aragvispirelma scada erTxel dramatuli Txzulebis dawera, 

magram am SemTxvevaSi man marcxi ganicada, saubaria `Sio Tavadze~. 

`siuJetiTac da maneriTac es drama dawerilia moris meterlinkis `mona 

vannas~ gavleniT. t. tabiZe fiqrobs, rom Sio aragvispireli Cans ar 

icnobs scenas. `gaWianurebuli dialogebi kidev ufro amZimebs 

STabeWdilebas~ (43; 59) . 

t. tabiZes didad moswons Sio aragvispirelis sul bolodros dawerili 

romani `gabzaruli guli~. gansakuTrebiT ticians is xiblavs, rom 

aq mweralma daZlia skepticizmi siyvarulis grZnobis mimarT. `rac 

avtorma manamde siyvarulis utkbiles grZnobas Seuracxyofa miyena, 

erTad gamoisyida namdvili solomon mefiseuli qebaTa qebiT~ (43; 60). es 

romani tician tabiZes Sio aragvispirelis Sedevrad miaCnia. 

104

amrigad, erTob farToa tician tabiZis literatorisa da 

kritikosis interesebis wre. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs misi 

liteaturul-kritikuli werilebi da eseebi axali qarTuli mwerlobis 

iseT did warmomadgenlebze, rogorebic arian ilia WavWavaZe, akaki 

wereTeli, vaJa-fSavela, baCana, daviT kldiaSvili, Sio aragvispireli da 

a.S. 

aq am werilebSi `maxvilgonivrulad mignebuli StrixebiT ikveTeba~ 

did xelovanTa, me-19 saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis TvalsaCino 

warmomadgenelTa SemoqmedebiTi portretebi. t. tabiZis bevri dakvirveba, 

migneba aSkarad cildeba kvleva-Ziebis sazRvrebs da saTaves iRebs 

saxelovani poetis nagrZnobsa da gancdilSi, rasac uaRresad didi 

mniSvneloba aqvs Semdgomi kvleva-Ziebis sayrdenad. 

marTalia, zogi ram SeiZleba moZvelebuli iyos, zogic sakamaToa 

t. tabiZis nafiqr-naazrevSi, magaram ZiriTadaT misi mosazrebebi 

sadReisodac ar kargaven Tavis did mniSvnelobas, aqtualobas da 

gamodian safuZvlad Semdgomi kvleva-Ziebis gzaze. 

105

T a v i IV 

tician tabiZis mokle narkvevi 

àxali qarTuli literatura~ 

tician tabiZis kritikul-literaturuli narkvevebi, rogorc iTqva, 

imiT ipyrobdnen yuradRebas, rom maTSi igrZnoboda ara mxolod 

literaturis kritikosi, aramed da, upirveles yovlisa, literaturis 

istorikosi, romelic romelime mwerlis an calkeuli nawarmoebis 

Sesaxeb msjelobisas mxolod misi SefasebiT ki ar ifargleboda, aramed 

am mwerals ganixilavda qarTuli mwerlobis ganviTarebis WrilSi, Tu ra 

imemkvidra man wina drois mweralTagan da ra siaxle Semoitana, rasac 

Cveni mwerlobis Semdgomi ganviTareba unda ganesazRvra. rogorc gairkva, 

tician tabiZes amgvari xedva ara marto calkeul mweralze daweril 

statiaSi da werilSi aRmoaCnda, aramed mas Seuqmnia XIX saukunis 

qarTuli literaturis istoriis mokle kursi. 

tician tabiZes aRniSnuli narkvevi dauweria 1929 wels, dauweria 

igi mas rusul enaze. tician tabiZes, rogorc Cans, am narkvevis dawerisas 

is azri amoZravebda, rom mometebulad rusulenovani mkiTxvelisaTvis, 

konkretulad sabWoTa kavSirSi Semavali xalxebisaTvis, waredgina 

aRniSnuli saukunis mdidari qarTuli literatura. 

rogorc Cans, es Canafiqri srulad ver ganxorcielebula 

TandaTanobiT literaturuli atmosferos damZimebis gamoc 30-ian 

wlebSi, magram moxerxebula am narkvevis dastambva erevanSi somxur 

enaze. kerZod tician tabiZis megobars saxelovan somex poets eRiSe 

Carencs, romelic xSirad stumrobda Tbiliss da tabiZeebis ojaxs, 

tician tabiZis narkvevi somxurad uTargmninebia a. RurbanianisTvis da 

1931 wels erevanSi dastamba kidec wignakis saxiT. saqme isaa, rom eRiSe 

Carenci am dros iyo somxeTis saxelgamis direqtori. TbilisSi g. 

leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumSi aRmoCnda tician tabiZis am 

naSromis rusuli Savi avtografi. moxda avtografisa da somxuri 

Targmanis Sejereba da narkvevis rusuli teqstis da misi qarTuli 

106

Targmanis wignad gamocema 2008 wels lado minaSvilis redaqtorobiT da 

misi vrceli narkveviT. amdenad, 2008 wels qarTvel sazogadoebas 

saSualeba mieca narkvevis daweridan 90 wlis Semdgom pirvelad gaecno 

igi da Tavisi warmodgenebi tician tabiZis kritikul-eseistur 

memkvidreobaze kidev ufro gaemdidrebina da gaefarToebina. 

sadisertacio naSromis am TavSi miznad visaxavT lado minaSvilis 

gamokvlevis gaTvaliswinebiT mokled davaxasiaTod tician tabiZis 

aRniSnuli narkvevi da ZiriTadad vaCvenoT misi mimarTeba tician tabiZis 

danarCen literaturul-kritikul memkvidreobasTan. 

tician tabiZe jer kidev sruliad axalgazrda, 20 wlisa 

simbolizmiT gatacebis pirvelsave wlebSi Seecada warmoedgina qarTuli 

poeziis ganviTarebis erTgvari suraTi. am dros Tavisi nafiqri tician 

tabiZem gaamJRavna cisferyanwelTa saprogramo werilSi `cisferi 

yanwebiT~, romelic daistamba `cisferi yanwebis~ pirvel da meore 

nomerSi 1916 wels. 

mainc rogoria tician tabiZis koncefcia am droisaTvis, rogor 

esaxeboda mas am dros qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebis gza. tician 

tabiZe savsebiT marTebulad fiqrobs, rom jer ar aris Seswavlili 

ukanaskneli saukunec ki qarTuli mwerlobisa, rogori iyo misi 

ganviTareba, rogori damokidebuleba hqonda rusul mwerlobasTan, anda 

Zvel qarTul xelovnebasTan, romelsac hqonda rogorc Tavisi saxe, 

stili, agreTve Tavisi filosofia. es is droa, rodesac arsebobs 

mxolod da mxolod k. abaSiZis ètiudebis~ ori tomi da aleqsandre 

xaxanaSvilis qarTuli sityvierebis istori, romlis meore tomi (qarTul 

enaze) XIX saukunis qarTul mwerlobas exeba. 

arsebuli viTareba tician tabiZes aZlevs imis safuZvels, rom 

ganacxados àmitom Znelia xelmZRvaneloba kritikulad srulad 

Seuswavleli masaliT~ (42; 63). 

am winamZRvris gaTvaliswinebiT tician tabiZe sqematurad ase 

warmoadgens qarTuli mwerlobis ganviTarebas: Zveli qarTuli mwerloba 

iwyeba rusTaveliT da mTavrdeba besikiT. SeiZleba es istoriulad 

marTali ar iyos, SesaZloa rusTavels winamorbedebic hyavdes da besikis 

Semdegac ar momkvdariyos Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis suli magram 

107

ticianisaTvis es ar aris mniSvnelovani (42; 63-64). àq mxedvelobaSi 

misaRebia maTi Semoqmedebis intensivoba. am or poetSi saqarTvelom 

Sekriba mTeli Tavisi mxatvruli energia. rusTvelma uaryo bizantiuri 

esTeTika... rusTavelis leqsi, rogorc aduRebuli foladi, rogorc 

pirveli simRera Tavaweuli eris beber bizantias ver daenaTesaveba. 

rusTavels piri aRmosavleTisaken aqvs~ (42; 63-64). marto prologi rom 

darCeniliyo, ticianis azriT, Semoqmedi kritikosi iqidanac igrZnobda 

geniis sunTqvas. rusTvelis Semdeg ticiani udides poetad miiCnevs 

besiks. besikis poezia liturgiaa Seyvarebuli gulis. àRmosavluri 

orgeazi da avxorcoba besikSi Seyenebulia qarTuli keTilSobilebiT... 

misi leqsis kultura, misi riTmis simdidre, mWreli epiTeti, naCdilTa, 

niuansebis gamoxmoba, enis musikaluri energiis jadoqroba imas aiyvans 

qarTuli simvolizmis mamamTavrad (mamamTavrad, rogorc frangma 

simbolistebma aiyvanes ronsari da rusebma T. tiutCevi~, tician tabiZis 

gansakuTrebul mowonebas is imsaxurebs, rom `marTalia besiki 

cxovrobda saqarTvelos agoniis dros~, igi iyo `kancleri imereTis 

mefis solomonis da daiRupa diplomatiuri misiis asrulebis dros~, 

magram mas gayofili hqondao politikisa da poeziis sferoebi (42; 64-65). 

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi moxda ùkanaskneli texili qarTuli 

politikuri cxovrebis, romelmac gansazRvra mTeli Semdegi yofna~. 

saqarTvelom dakarga saxelmwifoebrioba, TandaTan ganmtkicda ruseTis 

gavlena qarTul samoqalaqo cxovrebaze. `Zveli qarTuli suli jer 

mZlavrobs, magram aRdgomis magier iferfleba. saukunis pirvel naxevarSi 

gamodis poetebi, romlebic evropuli klasifikaciiT romantikosebi 

arian, safuZveli, ticianis daxasiaTebiT, maT qarTuli aqvT, xolo 

meores mxriv, qarTvel romantikosebs etyobaT gavlena evropeli da rusi 

mwerlebis. baironis, Satobrianis, puSkinis, meore mxriv, qarTveli 

poetebis, yvelaze ufro ki besikis. qarTulma gavlenam maT SemoqmedebaSi 

mainc sZlia ucxo gavlenas. 

`mxolod Soreuli elviT gaiars aq melanqolia. rom warmoidgenT 

baironis amboxebas, mis usazRvro sevdas da demonizms, leopardisa da 

mickeviCis pesimizms da misticizms, mixvdebiT rom T-di gr. orbeliani, 

al. WavWavaZe da n. baraTaSvili sxvadasxva polusis xalxia... al. 

108

WavWavaZeSi tiris Zveli aSuRi, misTvis mgrZnobeloba sjobs `yovlT 

TvisebaT ciT movlenilTa~, `loTebSi~ is iZleva Sedevrs, romelic rCeba 

qarTuli nadimis ritualis aucilebel sagnaT 

visac Tan gqondeT neba gulisa, 

eZebeT sitkbo siyvarulisa. 

es gamoZaxilia saukuneebSi qarTuli sulisa. gr. orbeliani 

samudamod darCa datyvevebuli saiaTnovas guldamwvari sityvebiT. mis 

poezias ise araferi ar axasiaTebs, rogorc `lopianas muxambazi~. `n. 

baraTaSvolSi gamokrTis besiki... mTeli wyeba misi pirveli leqsebis am 

niSnis qveS midis. misi pesimizmi ganelebulia qarTuli suliT, cisken 

iswrafvis, miwas mainc ar Sordeba~ (42; 65). tician tabiZe erTgvarad eWvs 

qveS ayenebs nikoloz baraTaSvilis romantikosad aRiarebas. aq tician 

tabiZe gaxazavs garkveul mimarTulebis artaxebSi did SemoqmedTa 

moqcevis SeuZleblobas, iseve rogorc arc romantizmis gansazRvreba ar 

aris srulyofili. Tavi da Tavi tician tabiZisaTvis mainc isaa, rom n. 

baraTaSvilsac kavSiri aqvs Zvel poeziasTan (42; 66). 

tician tabiZis azriT, arsebiTad icvleba viTareba 60-iani 

wlebidan. 60-ian wlebSi gamarTuli e.w. TaobaTa brZola, mas ufro 

kulturaTa brZolad esaxeba, brZola Zvel qarTul da axal rusul 

ideologiebs Soris. `qarTuli poeziis yvavils dauwyes Secvla rusuli 

xorbliT~... marTalia, am brZolaSi ìyo gamarjveba sruli 

`TergdaleulTa~, magram es iyo damarcxeba mTeli Semdegi xelovnebisa. 

am dRidan amoiSala qarTul poeziaSi Zveli suli. am `cru rusTavelebma 

da liberalebma~ mwerloba gaixades samitingo zalad da poezia gazeTad. 

rusTavelisa da besikis poeziis TviT miznobas imaT upasuxes cnobili 

formulebiT. ilia WavWavaZem samudamoT dawyevla `frinveli garegani~ da 

`tkbili xmebi~. akaki wereTeli aTas xvrels itovebda poetis 

daniSnulebaze. poeti misTvis xan ùzrunveli pepela~ iyo, xan 

`garemoebis sayviri~. akaki wereTelma garemoebis sayviriT Zalian bevri 

iyvira. yvela es leqsebi bankis opoziciaze da advokatebze darCeba 

rogorc politikuri satiris araniWieri nimuSebi (42; 66) am droidano, 

109

wers tician tabiZe, TandaTan `magrdeba CvenSi gavlena rusuli 

xelovnebisa, romelsac Soreuli kavSiri qonda namdvil xelovnebasTan 

da araferi saerTo ar qonia kerZod qarTulTan. Cven uars ar vyofT 

`mesamocianelTa~ mwerlebis sazogadoebriv damsaxurebas, magram imaT 

samagierod ara aqvT esTetikuri damsaxureba~ (42; 67). tician tabiZes am 

Cveni bunebisaTvis ucxo tendenciebidan qarTuli poeziis Semobrunebad 

esaxeba mxolod da mxolod `vaJa-fSavelas genialuri buneba. vaJam 

gaiara mTeli rigi rusul SkolaTa gavlenisa, magram misma genialurma 

bunebam sZlia es Sxami... imaSi iyo Zveli suli da is magiurad iRviZebda, 

roca Seexeboda qarTul eposs. vaJa didi protestia Zveli saqarTvelosi 

da mTawminda ise aravis ergeboda, rogorc am wminda mTas~ (42; 67). tician 

tabiZe vaJas gamonaklisad Tvlis. sazogadod ki `mesamocianelTa ioli 

xeliT Semotanili rusuli xorbali amodis rusul qerad. yoveli 

rusuli ara Tu Skola, seqciac ki iwvevs Tavis saxes: monaniebuli 

aznaurebi, xalxosnebi, nihilistebi... qarTvelma aRorZinebis meTaurebma 

samudamod damarxes Zveli saqarTvelos tradiciebi da ukanasknel 

dromde Seqmnes ideuri terori warsulis winaaRmdeg. akakis da ilias is 

upiratesoba qondaT, rom moqalaqeobriv motivebSi xandaxan naxulobdnen 

namdvil poezias. Semdeg maTma Skolam miiRo karikaturuli saxe da dRes 

uimedod gahkivis moqalaqeobrivi arRani kakafonias. yvela uniWo, usaxo, 

enablu, visac xeli ar eRleba stanjavs dRes qarTul poezias~ (42, 68). 

daaxloebiT ase warmoudgeba Wabuk ticians 1916 wlisaTvis qarTuli 

poeziis ganviTarebis magistraluri xazi da am gzidan gadaxvevisa da 

erTgvari dacemis momenti. erTaderTi gamonaTebiT _ vaJas geniiT. ai, am 

fonze warmoaCenda tician tabiZe simbolistebis mosvlis kanonzomierebas 

da èvropis radiusiT~ qarTuli leqsis gamarTvis aucileblobas. 

axla ar SeudgebiT tician tabiZis mosazrebaTa kritikas, amis 

Sesaxeb bevric iTqva da daiwera qarTul sinamdvileSi. Cven yuradRebas 

axla im garemoebas mivapyrobT, rom 1929 wels, e.i. daaxloebiT Tormeti 

wlis Semdeg iwereba àxali qarTuli literatura~ _ mokle istoriuli 

narkvevi; aq tician tabiZe mTlianad icvlis Tavis Tvalsazriss da ukve 

savsebiT marTebulad warmogvidgens XIX saukunis qarTuli poeziis 

ganviTarebis uwyvet gzas, saTanadodaa gaxazuli mTeli XIX saukunis 

110

qarTuli mwerlobis erovnuli Sinaarsi, saTanadod aris aRniSnuli 

qarTvel romantikosTa aleqsandre WavWavaZis, grigol da vaxtang 

orbelianebis, nikoloz baraTaSvilis damsaxureba, naCvenebia qarTuli 

romantizmis saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba. Rirseulad arian Sefasebuli 

saxelovani samocianelebi ilia WavWavaZe da akaki wereTeli. sagangebod 

aris xazgasmuli maTi poeziis Rrma moqalaqeobrivi da socialuri 

Sinaarsi, is rac ase miuRebeli iyo adreuli ticianisaTvis, saTanado 

aqvs miwyuli maTi skolis warmomadgenlebs didi Tu naklebi talantis 

SemoqmedT. genialuri vaJa aqac saTanadodaa Sefasebuli da rac mTavaria 

ara mowyvetiT, gancalkavebiT mdgomad qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi, 

aramed rogorc misi ganviTarebis kanonzomieri mwvervali; xolo erTi 

wlis Semdeg daiwereba sayovelTaod cnobili statia `daviT 

guramiSvili da vaJa-fSavela~, romelSiac tician tabiZe ukve 

konkretulad Seudgeba imis cxadyofas da dasabuTebas, rom vaJa-fSavela 

martodmyofi ki ar aris qarTul poeziaSi, aramed Rrmada aqvs fesvebi 

CaSvebuli qarTul mwerlobaSi, rom mas hyavs literaturuli winapari 

daviT guramiSvilis saxiT da momavalSiac gamouCndebian gamgrZelebelni. 

am narkvevSi Cven veraviTar winaaRmdegobas ver vxedavT ticianis 

nafiqrsa da nafiqris gamoxatvas Soris. tician tabiZe ara marto 

gulwrfelia aseTi mTliani suraTis warmoCenisasa, aramed Sinaganad 

dajerebuli Tavis simarTleSi. yovelive aRniSnuli ki imaze metyvelebs, 

rom tician tabiZe didi pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT savse kritikosi da 

mkvlevaria, romelic, rogorc Sehferis didbunebovan adamins, yovelTvis 

fiqrobs, erTxel rwmenils amowmebs da roca xedavs adreul Secdomas, 

zogjer ymawviluri poziT dapirobebuls, zogjer zogi garemoebis 

gauTvaliswineblobiT gamowveuls, ar eSinia da pirdapir aRiarebs da 

asworebs mas. maSinac gulwrfelia, roca uSvebs Secdomas da maSinac, 

roca mas asworebs. 

narkvevis qvesaTaurad tician tabiZe irCevs aseT definicias: 

`literaturuli ideebis evolucia saqarTveloSi me-19 saukunidan Cvens 

dromde~. erTi sityviT, tician tabiZem XIX sayukunis literatura 

warmoisaxa, rogorc ideaTe bunebrivi ganviTarebis procesi. 

XIX saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis dasabamad kritikosi 1795 wels 

111

acxadebs. misi azriT, esaa `dasasruli feodaluri saqarTvelosi~, roca 

saqarTveloSi Seicvala `kulturul-istoriuli orientacia~. 

romantikuli poeziis preludiad warmodgenilia aleqsandre WavWavaZis 

poezia. xolo 1832 wlis SeTqmulebas tician tabiZe uwodebs `baironuli 

erovnuli ajanyebisa da dekabrizmis gamoZaxils~ qarTul yofasa da 

literaturaSi. XVIII saukunis dasasrulad tician tabiZes ioane 

batoniSvilis epopea `kalmasoba~ esaxeba. 

marTebulad aRniSnavs l. minaSvili, rom `tician tabiZe 1832 wlis 

SeTqmulebis Sefasebisas Tavis droisTvis did gabedulebas iCens~ (45; 148). 

marTlac tician tabiZemde aravis uTqvams adre xmamaRla, rom 

gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad ajanyebis ideas mxars yvelaze daumorCilebeli 

aleqsandre batoniSvili uWerda, romelsac bevri momxre hyavda 

saqarTveloSi. igi xan lekTa jarebiT gamoCndeboda, xan sparsTa“. da rom 

„wesdeba qarTuli faruli sazogadoebisaTvis dekabristebis masonuri 

loJebis yaidaze, ber filadelfos kiknaZis mier iyo Sedgenili“ (45; 20).. 

qarTul literaturaTmcodneobaSi didxans gverds uvlidnen SeTqmulebis 

WeSmarit saxes, ZiriTadad miiCneoda „fermkrTal SeTqmulebad“ 

(galaktioni), ukanasknel xans ukve gadafasebulia mosazreba imis Taobaze, 

rom 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba Sedarebul iqnas dekabristebis moZraobasTan (g. 

gozaliSvili, r. CxeiZe), magram t. tabiZiseuli Sefaseba mainc 

originaluria da Tamami. rogorc Tavad aRniSnavs marTebulad: 

„SeTqmulebis TiTqmis yvela monawile SemdgomSi literaturaSi 

dawinaurda. maTgan bevrma daiviwya Tavisi politikuri romantizmi da 

rusis jaris rigebSi brZolebis wyalobiT umaRlesi Cinebi moipova. 

swored es iyo qarTuli mwerlobis pirveli kadric“ (45; 21). 

marTalia, qarTul literaturaTmcodneobaSi ioane batoniSvilis 

„kalmasoba“siRrmiseuli kvlevis sagani jer kidev ar gamxdara da arc 

misi adgilia gansazRvruli qarTul mwerlobaSi, magram sruliad 

cxadia, rom t. tabiZiseuli Sefaseba Seumcdaria. 

rogorc aRniSnaven, XX saukunidan iwyeba XIX saukunis qarTuli 

mwerlobis sazRvrebis gafarToebaze fiqri. Tu ilia WavWavaZe XIX 

saukunis qarTul mwerlobas 30-iani wlebidan iwyebda da mis pirvel 

warmomadgenlad aleqsandre WavWavaZes saxavda, Tu ilias mihyvebodnen k. 

112

abaSiZe da al. xaxanaSvili, tician tabiZes v. kotetiSvilis kvaldakval 

es TariRi 10-20-ian wlebSi gadmoaqvs da literaturis istorias ioane 

batoniSvilis `kalmasobiT~ iwyebs. 

marTalia, es Txzuleba franguli enciklopediebis stilSi 

Sedgenili mravalmxrivi codniT aRWurvili mecnierul-mxatvruli wignia, 

romelSic samecniero masalis siuxve Crdilavs Txzulebis mxatvrul 

mxares, magram mecnieruli masalis mniSvneloba drosTan erTad TandaTan 

klebulobs da sruliad kanonzomierad win gamodis am Txzulebis wminda 

mxatvruli mxare. 

es Txzuleba mogzaurobis aRweras warmoadgens: wignis mravalmxriv 

da mravalferovan masalas kravs beri iona xelaSvilis mogzauroba 

Tavis megobar zurab RambaraSvilTan erTad mTel saqarTveloSi, 

saeklesio Sesawiravebis Sesagroveblad. isini Semoivlian saqarTvelos 

TiToeul kuTxes, TiToeul sofels da iSleba am mogzaurobis 

grandiozuli suraTi: 

TxzulebaSi ixateba mTeli panorama XVIII saukunis miwurulis 

saqarTvelosi. ar darCenila am drois saqarTveloSi momxdari ase Tu ise 

mniSvnelovani movlena, romelsac asaxva ar epovos am wignSi. 

iona xelaSvili Tavis mogzaurobis dros xvdeba da aRwers 

qarTvel didebulebsac, mebatoneebsac, romlebic ymebs hyidian, cxenis 

gayidva ki eTakilebaT. moxuc qals Seurcxvenlad arTmeven marCenal 

Zroxas. qarTveli Tavad-aznaurebi roca momxvdur lekebs gandevnian, 

axla TviTon daerevian glexebs da uwyeben Zarcva-glejas. 

tician tabiZe Zalian maRal Sefasebas aZlevs ioane batoniSvils _ 

mTxrobels, gaxazavs misi stilis lapidarulobas, suraTovnebas. tician 

tabiZis azriT `kalmasobaSi~ igrZnoba rables oxunjoba da xarxari. 

`sulxan-saba orbelinic ki bevrs dakargavs masTan SedarebiT~, _ wers 

tician tabiZe (45; 22). 

tician tabiZis es azri ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasobis~ 

literaturul Rirebulebaze ar Seucvlia. sxvadasxva werilSi, sadac am 

nawarmoebs exeba igi, yvelgan miuTiTebs am wignis did mxatvrul Zalaze. 

rogorc wina Temis gadmocemis dros cxadad gamoCnda poet 

113

aleqsandre WavWavaZis Sesaxeb tician tabiZis mosazrebebi, misi mimarTeba 

am poetisadmi Cans narkvevSi àxali qarTuli literatura~. 

tician tabiZe aleqsandre WavWavaZes qarTuli romantizmis 

`mesaZirkvles~ (45; 23) uwodebs. poetis biografiis mimoxilvisas tician 

tabiZe saWirod Tvlis sagangebod SeCerdes aleqsandre WavWavaZis mamis 

garsevan WavWavaZis pirovnebaze. gverds ar uvlis im garemoebas, rom 

garsevan WavWavaZisadmi qarTveli sazogadoebis damokidebuleba ar iyo 

erTgvarovani. saqarTvelos aneqsiiT ganawyenebuli batoniSvilebi 

garsevan WavWavaZis upatiosno TamaSze, angarebiT bunebaze miuTiTebdnen 

da qveynis ubedobaSi masac debdnen brals. bunebrivia es ase ar iyo da 

samwuxarod garsevan WavWavaZes misi mcdelobis miuxedavad arafris 

Secvla ar SeeZlo. is ver alagmavda ruseTis imperiis mtaceblur 

bunebas. 

tician tabiZe fiqrobs rigi sxva avtorebis msgavsad, rom 

aleqsandre WavWavaZes 1832 wlis SeTqmulebaSi marTlac ar miuRia 

aqtiuri monawileoba, radgan rogorc fxizeli politikosi, fiqrobda, 

rom isedac dasustebul saqarTvelos axali SfoTi mxolod uares 

mdgomareobaSi Caagdebda. aleqsandre WavWavaZe urCevda SeTqmulT 

ganzraxvaze xelis aRebas. bunebrivia ruseTis xelisuflebam isic 

mkacrad dasaja, radgan yvelaferi icoda da fiqradac ar mosvlia amis 

Sesaxeb marTeblobisTvis ecnobinebina, rac pirdapir dabezReba iqneboda 

SeTqmulebisa _ misi megobrebis, naTesavebis da axloblebisa _ swored 

amitom daisaja igi. 

narkvevis SekumSulobis gamoc tician tabiZe ar iZleva aleqsandre 

WavWavaZis vrcel daxasiaTebas. erTi mxriv narkvevis avtori aleqsandre 

WavWavaZis poeziaSi xedavs sparsuli poeziis gamoZaxils, amasTanave _ 

kavSirs besikis poeziasTan. Tumca misi daskvniT, aleqsandre WavWavaZem 

mainc Tavisi simRera moZebna da rom zogjer igi besiksac aRemateba. 

tician tabiZe, erTi mxriv, aleqsandre WavWavaZis poeziaSi xedavs 

hedonistur ganwyobilebebs, amis dasturia misTvis leqsi `muxambazi 

laTaiuri~. es azri tician tabiZis Semdegac iqna gameorebuli, magram 

argumentTa ararsebobis gamo mainc ver dadasturda. 

tician tabiZe calke gamoyofs aleqsandre WavWavaZis leqss `gogCa~, 

114

ogorc romantikuli ganwyobilebebis gamomxatvel pesimistur leqss. es 

leqsi rom tician tabiZes gansakuTrebiT xiblavda, kargad gamoCnda 

somxeTSi mogzaurobisadmi miZRvnil narkvevSi. 

rogorc l. minaSvili miuTiTebs, `t. tabiZis dakvirvebebi al. 

WavWavaZis poeziaze sayuradReboa da sadReisodac ar kargavs Tavis 

Rirebulebas~ (45; 153). 

Zalze sayuradReboa mokle, magram mniSvnelovani dakvirvebebi 

tician tabiZisa meore did romantikosze grigol orbelianze. 

tician tabiZe gr. orbelianis biografias erTgvarad ganmtkicebuli 

tradiciis mixedviT afasebs _ erTi mxriv, politikuri romantizmi, 

axalgazrduli gatacebani, meore mxriv, dawinaureba rusul samxedro 

samsaxurSi, karieraze zrunva. rogorc ilia WavWavaZis Tvalsazrisze 

dayrdnobiT bolo drois gamokvlevebic TvalsaCinod mowmobs, azri gr. 

orbelianis pirovnul gaorebaze simarTles ar Seesabameba 1 . didi 

mamuliSvilis, gr. orbelianis tragizmiT aRbeWdili cxovreba meti 

sifrTxiliT midgomas moiTxovs da rTuli pirovnebis biografiuli 

faqtebis urTierTTan dakavSirebas da mTlianobaSi gaazrebas. 

k. abaSiZisagan gansxvavebiT, poema `sadRegrZelos~ tician tabiZe gr. 

orbelianis saukeTeso qmnilebad miiCnevs. àq grigol orbelianma miaRwia 

stilis maRali gamomsaxvelobasa da lapidarobas. saqarTvelos bunebis 

aRwera sadReisodac ubadloa~, _ wers tician tabiZe (45, 27). 

araerTgzis miuTiTebiaT poema `sadRegrZeloze~ rusi poetis 

vasili Jukovskis poemis `momRerali rus meomarTa banakSi~ gavlenaze, am 

miTiTebas bunebrivia ar Wirdeboda didi mkvlevaris alRo, ramdenadac 

adreul variantSi TviTon poeti miuTiTebda `mibaZva Jukovskisa~. magram 

Semdeg saboloo variantSi `sadRegrZelo~ ise daSorda rusi poetis 

poemas, rom gr. orbelianma es miTiTeba `mibaZva Jukovskisa~ moxsna. 

tician tabiZe savsebiT marTebulad Tvlis, rom saboloo variantSi 

gavlena vrceldeba poemis `formalur agebaSi~. tician tabiZis daskvna 

______________________________ 

1 mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ap. maxaraZis wigni `qarTuli romantizmi~, Tb., 1982. gv. 143-158, e. maRraZis, grigol 

orbeliani, Tb, 1967, gv. 22-37. i. evgeniZis, gr. orbeliani, Tb,1995, gv. 3-75. l. minaSvili, literaturuli 

narkvevebi, Tb, 2009, gv. 71-91 

115

aseTia: `saerTod poema Rrmad originaluria~ 1 (45; 27). 

didad sayuradRebod esaxeba tician tabiZes gr. orbelianis leqsi 

`Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~, romelSiac poetis pesimizmi 

àwmyosa da warsulis kontrastuli SepirispirebiT Zlierdeba~ (45; 27). 

tician tabiZis yuradRebas aseve ipyrobs gr. orbelianis leqsi 

`Cems das efemias~, es leqsi daxasiaTebulia, rogorc romantikuli 

sevdiT savse epistolaruli lirikis nimuSi. satrfialo leqsebze 

msjelobisas t. tabiZe sagangebod gaxazavs am leqsebis konkretuli 

SinaarsiT savseobas. 

Tu Wabukobis Jams daweril statiaSi `cisferi yanwebiT~ tician 

tabiZe didad ar wyalobda gr. orbelianis leqss `muSa boqulaZe~, 

romelic `liberaluri azris~ `leqsis samkaulad~ momarjvebis cdad da 

60-ianelTa mibaZvad, maT `turnirSi~ CaTrevad miaCnda (42;, 67), àxali 

qarTuli literaturis~ mokle narkvevSi tician tabiZe eyrdnoba ilia 

WavWavaZis mosazrebas, romlis Tanaxmad, gr. orbelianma `dagvanaxa 

pirveli, magram saucxoo da Seudarebeli magaliTi qarTuli uriTmo 

leqsisa... da miT dagvimtkica, rom qarTul sityvasac Tavisi 

asamaRlebeli xma hqonia, egre saWiro leqswyobis xmovanebisa da 

musikisaTvis. man amiT gviCvena, rom qarTuladac SesaZloa uriTmo leqsi, 

e.w. `TeTri leqsTwyoba~, romelic xmovanebiT da musikiT aranaklebia 

riTmiani leqsisa. misi `muSa boqulaZe~, am mSvenier mwyobrsityvaobis 

Seudarebeli magaliTia~ (50; 231). 

tician tabiZe Cerdeba gr. orbelianis muxambazebis ciklis 

leqsebze. am leqsebSi igi saiaTnovasa da besikis gavlenas xedavs, magram 

amasTanave imasac cxadad miuTiTebs, rom am leqsebs poeti axali, 

Taviseburi SinaarsiT avsebs da maRalmxatvrulobas aniWebs. 

miuxedavad zogierTi koniunqturuli pasaJisa, saerTod narkvevis is 

nawili, romelic gr. orbelians exeba, gamoirCeva saintereso 

dakvirvebebiT, mignebebiT, romlebic sadReisodac Zalian sayuradRebo 

Cans. 

___________________________________ 

1 

dawvrilebiT, gr. orbelinis `sadRegrZelos~ Jukovskis poemasTan mimarTebisaTvis. 

ix. j. WumburiZe, XIX saukune, literaturuli narkvevebi, Tb, 2004. 

116

tician tabiZe mokled Cerdeba aleqsandre da vaxtang orbelianebze, 

maT literaturul Rvawlze. orive mefe erekles SviliSvili iyo, misi 

usayvarlesi qalis Tekla batoniSvilis Svilebi. tician tabiZe maT 

TavianTi didi gvaris erTgvar ideologebad Tvlis. al. orbelians 

kritikosi `patriarqaluri yofis~ mexotbed saxavs da am mxriv 

`tendenciursac~ uwodebs. al. orbelianis narkvevs ùwindeli drois 

batonymoba saqarTveloSi~ batonymobis gaidealebad miiCnevs da realuri 

sinamdvilis warmosadgenad mas upirispirebs ioane batoniSvilis 

`kalmasobas~. 

vfiqrobT, al. orbelianis Semoqmedebis da kerZod misi aRniSnuli 

narkvevis amgvari Sefaseba tician tabiZis epoqiTaa dapirobebuli. 

sinamdvileSi al. orbelianis ideali upirvelesad gulisxmobs 

Tavisufal, daumonav saqarTvelos. mTeli misi cxovreba mimarTuli iyo 

rusuli mmarTvelobis winaaRmdeg. `kalmasoba~ swored imas asaxavs 

kargad, ra cud rols asrulebs saqarTveloSi ucxo saxelmwifos 

interesebis gabatoneba. Tanamedrove samecniero da mxatvrul 

literaturaSi gansxvavebulad warmoCnda al. orbelianis Rvawli (48). 

sagulisxmoa v. orbelianis tician tabiZiseuli Sefaseba. tician 

tabiZe wers: `vaxtang orbeliani Tavisi winamorbedi ufrosi 

romantikosebis maneriT aRwers saqarTvelos warsuls, igi aseve aRsavsea 

gardasuli istoriis guguniT, magram mas mainc moepoveba imedis 

gamokrTobani... zogjer misi mzera mesianizmiT aris ganaTebuli. 

gansakuTrebiT es igrZnoba leqsebSi: ìmedi~, `jvari vazisa~, sadac 

laparakia imaze, rom saxelovani istoriis mqone xalxi SeuZlebelia 

daiRupos~ (45; 31). 

tician tabiZis saintereso dakvirvebiT, v. orbelianis Semoqmedeba 

erTgvari gaorebiT aRiniSneba. marTalia, igi daibada da aRizarda 

romantizmis epoqaSi, magram mas ara aqvs gr. orbelianisa da n. 

baraTaSvilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli pirovnuli mTlianoba; igi 

pirovnulad TiTqos ufro ilia WavWavaZis realistur skolas miemxro, 

magram misTvis mainc ucxo darCa 60-iani wlebis socialuri ideebi da 

amdenad misi patriotuli lirika garkveulad moklebulia moqalaqeobriv 

suliskveTebas. 

117

tician tabiZe evropuli romantizmis `gugunsa~ da `baironis 

daRvremil pesimizms~, puSkinisa da lermontovis gavlenas aRniSnavs n. 

baraTaSvilis Semoqmedebaze, magram amasTan mkveTrad gansazRvravs: 

`baironizmis Semotevas, puSkinisa da lermontovis gavlenas 

baraTaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi Rrma kvali ar dautovebia. misma adre 

momwifebulma geniam ajoba sakuTar TavSi ucxo poetTa gavlenas da 

Seiwova ra mRelvare saukunis saerTo dinebebi, Camoyalibda rogorc 

organuli da nacionaluri~ (45; 33). 

tician tabiZe n. baraTaSvilis poeziaSi àxal epoqasTan 

gadaZaxils~ warmoaCens, àxali adamianis naRvels~ grZnobs, radgan poeti 

`xedavs da grZnobs misi warmomSobi klasis daRupvas, sikvdiliswina 

agonias. aq gancdebisa da Tavisi epoqis gamoxatvis siRrme erTi nabijiT 

win uswrebs movlenebs da sxva cxovrebis moaxlovebas gvamcnobs~ (45; 34). 

sainteresod warmoaCens tician tabiZe n. baraTaSvilis Semoqmedebis 

sociologiur analizs. zogadad literaturaTmcodneoba ar aris 

obieqturi socialuri fesvebis Ziebisas. an zedmetad calmxrivia da 

`klasobrivi TeoriiT~ damZimebuli, anda sruliad uferuli. tician 

tabiZem obieqturi suraTi daxata baraTaSvilis epoqis socialuri 

yofisa saqarTveloSi, konkretulad TbilisSi. voroncovis mier kargad 

dagegmili da gaTvlili RonisZiebebi _ `Tavadaznaurobis gadarCenis 

mcdeloba~ da `mdidruli bal-maskaradebis~, burJua mevaxSeebis, 

~nikolozis reJimis~ gadagvarebis gza. am fonze ganixilavs tician 

tabiZe n. baraTaSvilis poemas `bedi qarTlisa~: 

`n. baraTaSvili aSkarad icavs mmarTvelobis konstituciur formas. 

pativs miagebs mefe erekles misi gmirobis, qveynis winaSe damsaxurebisa 

gamo, magram mainc ar Tvlis marTebulad, rom erTi adamiani wyvetdes 

xalxis beds. 

gzadagza poemaSi aRwerilia warsulSi qarTveli qalis gmiruli 

xasiaTi da qarafSutoba Tanadrouli qalebisa, im dros, roca 

voroncovis mier dagebulma maxeebma, fufunebam da simdidrem yvelaze 

adre qalis,, guli Secvala~ (45; 35). 

`meranisa~ da `fiqrni mtkvris piras~ tician tabiZiseuli analizi 

ar aris originaluri da gansxvavebuli tradiciulisagan. 

118

marTebulad aRniSnavs l. minaSvili: `n. baraTaSvilis genialur 

`meranze~ saubrisas, tician tabiZes aqcenti gansakuTrebiT gadatanili 

aqvs am leqsis winaswarmetyvelur xasiaTze. igi wers: `meranSi~ poetma 

iwinaswarmetyvela Tavisi sikvdili da sikvdilis garemoebebis 

detalebic ki~. aq mniSvnelovani isicaa, rom es sityvebi im kacs ekuTvnis, 

romelmac aseve iwinaswarmetyvela Tavisi aRsasruli da `sikvdilis 

garemoebebis detalebic ki~ (45; 162). 

calkeul leqsTagan tician tabiZe kidev exeba `sulo borotos~, 

leqss `fiqrni mtkvris piras~ da am SemTxvevaSic saintereso mosazrebebs 

gvTavazobs: `sulo boroto~ imdenad aris aRbeWdili xalxurobiT, rom 

`xalxuri Semoqmedebis nayofi gegonebao~, _ wers narkvevis avtori (45; 37). 

meore leqsSi TvalsaCinodaa warmodgenili soflis amaoeba, romelsac 

veravin gaeqceva `magram leqsis dasasruls igi mainc poulobs simxnevis 

da ase amTavrebs~... aq motanilia bolo strofi leqsisa. 

tician tabiZe n. baraTaSvilis leqsSi `napoleon~ individualistur 

ganwyobilebebs xedavs. tician tabiZe am mosazrebiT im mkvlevrebs 

eTanxmeba erTgvarad, romlebic n. baraTaSvilis garkveulwilad 

individualistad saxavdnen. rac rogorc Semdgomi drois kvleva-Ziebam 

cxadyo, simarlTes ar unda Seesabamebodes. amJamad savsebiT marTebulad 

leqsi `napoleon~ ganixileba, rogorc Zlieri pirovnebisadmi poetis 

gansakuTrebuli interesis gamomxatveli Txzuleba. rogorc miuTiTeben, 

`sakuTari Zalebis TviTgancda Zlieri pirovnebis niSania da Zlierebis 

gamomxatveli es Tviseba n. baraTaSvilis poeziis dedaZarRvia~ (19; 71-73). 

tician tabiZe n. baraTaSvilis romantizmis epoqis yvelaze 

dasrulebul poetad Tvlis. man yvelaze TvalnaTliv gamoxata Tavisi 

Taobis miswrafebani. am TvalsazrisiTac imis gavlena momdevno Taobis 

poetebze uzarmazaria~ (45; 37). es nawili tician tabiZis narkvevisa 

gamoirCeva didi Sinagani damuxtulobiT, nagrZnobobiT, TvalnaTliv Cans, 

rom genialuri poetis suliskveTebas, swrafvas, ukmarobas Wvrets 

moziare sulis Tanaganmcdeli maRali esTetikuri aRqmis faqizi poeti. 

mravalmxriv sainteresoa tician tabiZis mier giorgi erisTavis 

Semoqmedebis analizi. 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis monawile da poloneTSi 

gadasaxlebuli Sin dabrunda `polonuri mesianizmiT~ datyvevebuli. 

119

Jurnal `ciskris~ redaqtorobam da qarTuli Teatris xelmZRvanelobam 

gansazRvra g. erisTavis Semoqmedebis srulad axali gza. Tu adre misi 

Semoqmedebis Tematika ar gansxvavdeboda romantikosTa Tematikisagan, Tu 

adre isic dastiroda samSoblos beds, misgan daSorebas, poloneTSi 

gadasaxlebam masze ganmsazRvreli zemoqmedeba moaxdina. 

g. erisTavma iwyo komediebis wera. am Janrs ki qarTuli mwerloba 

ar icnobda. 

g. erisTavma saTave daudo Tavisi komediebiT realistur Teatrs. 

g. erisTavs gamouCndnen mimdevrebi, dramaturgiaSi g. erisTavis 

tradiciebi imemkvidres zurab antonovma, ufro mogvianebiT avqsenti 

cagarelma, xolo prozaSi es saqme gaakeTes daniel WonqaZem da lavrenti 

ardazianma. amas Semdeg mohyveba maTi memkvidreobis mokle daxasiaTeba. 

bunebrivia, vifiqroT, rom tician tabiZe sagangebo yuradRebas 

dauTmobda ilia WavWavaZes, mis Semoqmedebas, sazogadod mis rols 

qarTuli mwerlobisa da azrovnebis ganviTarebis istoriaSi. 

tician tabiZis sityvebiT, ilia WavWavaZem `Tavisi gavleniT aavso 

mTeli me-19 saukune~ (45; 45). 

ilia WavWavaZis Semoqmedebis analizs batonymobis winaaRmdeg 

brZolis SemarTebiT iwyebs tician tabiZe, rasac barbare jorjaZesTan 

cxare kamaTis garemoebebze msjeloba mosdevs. tician tabiZe 

`TergdaleulTa~ da Zveli Taobis warmomadgenelTa, anu `mamaTa da 

SvilTa~ brZolasac exeba da am SemTxvevaSi igi tradiciuli 

Sexedulebis farglebSi rCeba. igi eTanxmeba arCil jorjaZisa da sxvaTa 

mier ganviTarebul azrs da praqtikulad mas imeorebs. misi azriTac 60- 

70-ian wlebSi adgili hqonda or Taobas Soris brZolas, romelic 

axalgazrdebis gamarjvebiT damTavrda. 

rogorc es mosalodnelic iyo, ilia WavWavaZis Semoqmedebis 

ganxilva ZiriTadad socialur planSi mimarTeba. 

Tu adre tician tabiZe ilia WavWavaZis poezias imitom ar 

iwynarebda, rom misi azriT, moqalaqeobrivi interesebi ar iyo WeSmariti 

lirikis gamoxatvis sagani, axla, narkvevSi igi sagangebod swored iseT 

leqsebs axasiaTebs, romlebic moqalaqeobrivi poeziis klasikur nimuSebs 

warmoadgenen. ilias leqsebi yuradRebas iqceven mxurvale protestiT, 

120

mimarTuliT damkvidrebuli socialuri urTierTobis winaaRmdeg. tician 

tabiZis TqmiT, ilia WavWavaZem warsulze romantikul ocnebas 

daupirispira momavali saqarTvelos, ganaxlebuli saqarTvelos ideali. 

poemebis ganxilvisas avtori calke gamoyofs mZafri socialuri 

gamiznulobis àCrdilsa~ da `ramdenime suraTs anu epizods yaCaRis 

cxovrebidam~. poema àCrdilze~ saubrisas calke Cerdeba narkvevis 

avtori XIX saukunisadmi mimarTul odaze Sromis sufevis Sesaxeb, 

romelic misi sityvebiT, `dRemde rCeba samoqalaqo poeziis Sedevrad (45; 

47). 

batonymobis Temaze Seqmnil prozaul qmnilebebs `glaxis naambobs” 

da `kacia-adamians!~ kritikosi mometebulad Sinaarsoblivi 

TvalsazrisiT ganixilavs. moTxroba `kacia-adamianma!~, tician tabiZis 

TqmiT, sazogadoebrivi qariSxali gamoiwvia~ (45; 48). am satiruli 

moTxrobis dedaazri TviTon moTxrobis saTaurSi ikiTxeba: 

`rasakvirvelia es adamiani ar aris, am adamianismagvarma dakarga 

yovelgvari Segnebuli mimarTeba cxovrebisadmi da cxovelad gadaiqca~ 

(45; 48). 

òTaraanT qvrivis~ ganxilvisas tician tabiZe ganicdis 

gabatonebuli tradiciuli Sexedulebis gavlenas, romlis Tanaxmadac, 

ilia 80-iani wlebisaTvis àrcTu Zalian uRrmavdeba socialur Zirebs. 

igi ukve mivida klasobrivi morigebis Tvalsazrisamde~ (45; 49). es 

Sexeduleba im gavrcelebuli marqsistuli literaturismcodneobis 

gamoZaxilia, romlis Tanaxmadac ilia WavWavaZe TiTqos adre adga 

klasobrivi brZolis Tvalsazriss da rom TiTqos mogvianebiT man 

pozicia arsebiTad Seicvala. Tavisi Tvalsazrisi ilia WavWavaZes arc 

arasodes ar Seucvlia. igi mwvave socialur problematikasac erovnuli 

TvalsazrisiT ganixilavda yovelTvis WabukobaSic da xanSiSesulic da, 

rogorc vaJa-fSavela ambobs, ilia WavWavaZe mTliania, rogorc òqros 

zodi~, ilia WavWavaZe fiqrobda, rom ,,gankerZoeba wodebaTa, gancalkeveba 

erTi qveynis SvilTa, romelTa cxovreba, interesebi, grZnoba, azri, 

miswrafeba, uricxvi simiT aris gadabmuli da gadaxlarTuli, 

danaSaulia, Secdomaa. es Secdoma dagmo Zvel erTa istoriam da 

daamtkica, rom mxolod yvela wodebis kavSiri gauZlebs ganaTlebis da 

121

xalxis dawinaurebis damabrkolebel mizezebs. 

umTavresi da iqneb erTaderTi garemoeba, romlis wyalobiTac 

daiRupnen da aRigavnen dedamiwis zurgidam mravalni Zlierni da 

saxelovanni erni, iyo uTanxmoeba da gansxvaveba wodebaTa Soris~ (51; 376). 

tician tabiZe ideuri TvalsazrisiT ar iwynarebs òTaraanT qvrivs~. 

misi azriT, idealizirebuli saxeebia giorgi, romelic nacvlad 

klasobrivi Segnebis mqone mojamagirisa, ufro uimedod Seyvarebul 

romeos Camohgavs, aseve arCili da keso, romlebic gaidealebuli monanie 

aznaurebi arian. 

samagierod, mxatvrulobis TvalsazrisiT moTxroba narkvevis 

avtoris aRtacebas iwvevs. ostatobis TvalsazrisiT, moTxroba 

srulyofilebamdea asuli. òTaraanT qvrivis~ Semdeg, aseTi 

dasrulebuli Txzulebis Seqmna verc ilia WavWavaZem SeZlo da verc 

sxvam. monumenturia oTaraanT qvrivi, rogorc qarTveli glexi qalis 

saxe. 

rogorc cxadi xdeba narkvevis gacnobidan, ilia WavWavaZis 

Semoqmedebis ganxilvisas t. tabiZe sagangebod mainc mwvave socialuri 

sakiTxebis Semcvel nawarmoebebze Cerdeba ufro. aq narkvevSi araa 

sagangebod ganxiluli poema `gandegili~, rac SeiZleba aixsnas arsebuli 

viTarebiT. rogorc Cans, CaiTvala rom aq ar aris dasmuli wminda 

socialuri problematika da poema ramdenadme mainc religiur 

gamiznulobasac atarebs. 

akaki wereTelis Sesaxeb monakveTi mTel narkvevSi gamorCeulia. igi 

dasrulebuli, Sekruli, Tanmimdevruli da Rrmaa. vfiqrobT, amis mizezi 

isic unda iyos, rom tician tabiZe Tavad grZnobda Tavs Semoqmedebis 

adreul etapze àkakis skolis~ warmomadgenlad. quTaisis gimnaziasa da 

mTels imereTSi, tician tabiZisa da galaktionis bavSvobaSi xom akakis 

leqsi batonobda da misi popularoba ganuzomlad didi iyo. akakis 

leqsebi, poemebi da istoriuli dramebi bavSvobaSive SeiTvises, yrmobisas 

baZavdnen mas pirvelive leqsebiT, xolo Semoqmedebis Semdgom 

periodebSic fiqrobdnen da ikvlevdnen misi Semoqmedebis popularobis 

mizezebs. swored es unda iyos imis safuZveli, rom akakize tician tabiZe 

wers codniT, gamocdilebiT siRrmiseuli gaazrebiTa da siyvaruliT. ar 

122

darCenila akakis biografiisa da Semoqmedebis arc erTi mxare, romelic 

ar hqondes gacnobierebuli da ganzogadebuli poets. 

Cveulebrivad poetis biografiasa da mis aristokratul 

warmomavlobas asuraTxatebs tician tabiZe. `Cemi Tavgadasavali~ miaCnia 

ara mxolod akakis, aramed XIX s-is 40-iani wlebis saqarTvelos 

feodaluri yofis gasacnobad umniSvnelovanes literaturul 

dokumentad. akakis pirovnebisa da Semoqmedebis saidumlo gasaRebad, 

glexis ojaxSi aRzrdiloba miaCnia. Tavad akaki afasebda amgvarad da 

tician tabiZec aqedan amozrdis akaki Semoqmedebis umTavresi Tvisebis _ 

xalxurobis, bunebrivobisa da gulwrfelobis madlmosilebas. is rom 

akaki `Tavs aridebda wreobanas~, politikur partiebs da yovelTvis 

obieqturi rCeboda, maRla idga sulierad viwro karCaketil azrovnebaze, 

tician tabiZes aseve misi xalxurobis, bunebrivobis, demokratizmis 

nimuSad esaxeba. 

tician tabiZes mxedvelobidan ar rCeba, rom akaki wereTelma 

pirvelma qarTul sinamdvileSi daiwyo wera bavSvebisaTvis. akakis 

Targmanebi krilovis leqsebisa isea gaqarTulebuli, rom SeiZleba 

originalur leqsebadac ki CaiTvalos. 

tician tabiZe calke ganixilavs akaki wereTlis dramaturgiul 

Rvawls. komediebis weraSi, rogorc tician tabiZe SeniSnavs, akaki 

agrZelebs g. erisTavis tradiciebs. 

istoriis Rrma codniT gamoirCeva akakis istoriuli dramebi da 

poemebi. sagulisxmo dakvirvebad gvesaxeba tician tabiZis azri imis 

Sesaxeb, rom akaki Tavis istoriul dramebsa da poemebSi mometebulad 

gansasaxiereblad irCevs nacionaluri cxovrebis yvelaze Znel momentebs 

_ arabebis batonobis, bizantielTa da sparselTa Semosevis faqtebs. 

calke gamoyofs tician tabiZe akakis prozaul Sedevrs _ `baSiaCuks~, 

qarTuli prozis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, mas erT did 

niSansvetad miiCnevs. 

ucxoel avtorebTan paralelebis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa, rom 

samoqalaqo motivebis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT akaki nikoloz nekrasovs 

axsenebs. misi politikuri satira iuvenalis leqsebis msgavsad 

amaTraxebs sazogadoebis mankierebebs. akakis leqsebi isevea sasimRerod 

123

momarTuli, ticianis azriT, rogorc beranJes leqsebi, xolo akakis 

dramebi rTuli siuJetiT, xasiaTebis daxvewilobiT da weris ostatobiT 

stendalis ìtaliur qronikebs~ mogvagonebs. rac Seexeba moTxroba 

`baSi-aCuks~, misi roli qarTul mwerlobaSi utoldeba puSkinis 

`kapitanis qaliSvilis~ rols rusuli mwerlobisaTvis. 

tician tabiZe Tvlis, rom akakis gavlenam ara marto uzarmazari 

zemoqmedeba moaxdina Semdegi drois mwerlebze, aramed akakim skola 

Seqmna, magram Zalze Zneli iyo praqtikulad SeuZlebeli iyo akakis 

mowafeebs maswavleblis ostatobamde mieRwiaT. 

tician tabiZe amis Semdeg erTgvarad arRvevs qarTvel mkvlevarTa 

tradiciul daxasiaTebis gzas da nacvlad 60-ianeli giorgi wereTlis 

Semoqmedebis ganxilvisa, e.w. mTis skolis~ warmomadgenlebs r. erisTavs, 

vaJa-fSavelas da aleqsandre yazbegs exeba. tician tabiZis azriT, 

rogorc inglisSi arsebobda `tbis skola~, ise saqarTveloSic arsebobs 

`mTis poetebis skola~. am skolis mamamTavrad SesaZloa ilia WavWavaZe 

miviCnioT, radgan `man adreul nawarmoebSi `mgzavris werilebi~ aRwera 

mgzavroba fostis `povoskiT~ ruseTidan saqarTveloSi darialis xeobis 

gavliT saqarTvelos samxedro gzaze, sadac gamoiyvana mTieli Tavisi 

dialeqtis SenarCunebiT. mokle dialogebSi ilia WavWavaZem SeZlo 

mTielis xasiaTisa da bunebis asaxva ise, rom tipi dasrulebulad 

SeiZleba CaiTvalos. mTielis saubari saqarTvelos bedze Semdgom 

sxvadasxva variaciiT meordeba literaturaSi, rac iZleva kidevac imis 

sababs, rom ilia WavWavaZe mTis poetTa skolis damwyebad CaiTvalos~ (45; 

54). 

rafiel erisTavis `samSoblo xevsurisa~ tician tabiZes miaCnia 

baraTaSvilis `meranis~ tolfasad. misi azriT, es leqsi aris 

òrfesvuli himni samSoblosa da mTebisadmi~. 

vaJa-fSavelas literaturul naTlobad tician tabiZe miiCnevs ilia 

WavWavaZis gancvifrebas misi leqsebiT: `Tavad ilia WavWavaZem daxara 

Tavisi diqtatoruli Tavi axali gigantis winaSe da Sewyvita leqsebis 

wera~. 

`vaJa-fSavelas simReris Zirebi xalxur SemoqmedebaSia~ _ wers 

tician tabiZe, rac imis mizezadac miaCnia, rom Seiqmna mcdari warmodgena 

124

mis poeziaze _ TiTqos vaJa-faSvela CamorCa Tanamedroveobaso~. es 

sityvebi perifrazia geronti qiqoZis vaJa-fSavelasadmi miZRvnili 

werilebidan. tician tabiZe sworad aanalizebs amgvari warmodgenis 

Seqmnis mizezs. 1 

vaJa-fSavelas niWi da nayofiereba gansacvifrebeli iyo da tician 

tabiZis TqmiT, misma `mtrebma Seqmnes legenda, TiTqos mas xurjiniT 

Camohqonda xalxuri leqsebi da Tavisad asaRebda~. 

tician tabiZe miiCnevs, rom vaJa-fSavelas leqsi `naWedia da yvelaze 

madliani sagmiro eposisaTvis~. igi ixsenebs, rom `germaneli swavluli 

artur laisti, romelic mravali wlis manZilze Seiswavlida qarTul 

literaturas, ambobs, rom msoflio poeziaSi ar arsebobs poeti, vinc ise 

gamosaxavda da SeigrZnobda mTebs, rogorc vaJa-fSavela~ (45; 58). 

epikuri poemis aRorZineba, tician tabiZis azriT, rusTvelis Semdeg 

ver SeZles verc romantikosebma da verc iliam da akakim. èpikuri 

poemis~ aRorZineba wilad xvda vaJa-fSavelas. mTebSi, sadac is 

cxovrobda xeluxleblad SemorCa saqarTvelos istoriuli yofa da vaJafSavela 

swored am pirvelwyaros daewafa. Tavis poemebSi man aRmoaCina 

sruliad axali samyaro, savse xalxuri fantaziiT Seqmnili dev-gmirebiT. 

es samyaro savsea koliziebiT, sinamdvile ebrZvis adaTsa da tradicias 

da aqedan viTardeba drama. am samyarom SeinarCuna gadmonaSTebi 

jvarosanTa moralisa. omi iTvleba erTaderT saTnoebad, aqedan 

guladobisa da gmirobis gandideba. am fonze iSleba vaJa-fSavelas 

epikuri Semoqmedeba~ (45; 58). 

tician tabiZe iyo erT-erTi pirveli, vinc yuradReba miaqcia vaJas 

prozas da CaTvala igi sruliad gansakuTrebul movlenad. tician 

tabiZis daskvniT, vaJa-fSavelas proza cxadad mowmobs, rom vaJa-fSavela 

weris maneriT realistia. tician tabiZe sagangebod amaxvilebs 

yuradRebas vaJas prozis enaze da aRniSnavs, rom vaJas prozis ena gansxvavebiT 

poeziis enisagan, gaTavisuflebulia dialeqturi formebisagan. 

___________________________________ 

1 

t. tabiZis Sexedulebebis analizs vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb sagangebod exebian l. avaliani 

statiaSi, `cisferyanwelebi~ vaJas Sesaxeb, vaJas krebuli II, Tb, 1982, gv. 215-226, i. evgeniZe, wignSi `vaJafSavela~, 

Tb, 1989, gv. 137-147. sakuTriv t. tabiZis narkvevis am monakveTs vrclad ganixilavs l. minaSvili, ix. 

t. tabiZe, axali qarTuli literatura, Tb, 2008, gv. 179-187. 

125

àrc erTi dialeqturi gamoTqma, misi ena mogvagonebs klasikosTa 

saukeTeso striqonebs~ (45; 59). 

vaJas moTxrobebi ìa~, `kurdReli~, `mTis wyaro~, `fesvebi~, `mTani 

maRalni~ tician tabiZeSi iwvevs edgar pos ofortebis, bodleris patara 

poemebis, turgenevis poeturi prozis asociaciebs, qarTvel mweralTagan, 

kritikosis fiqriT vaJa-fSavela SeiZleba Seudardes sulxan-saba 

orbelians. 

kritikosi arc vaJas sayofacxovrebo moTxrobebs tovebs 

uyuradRebod da daskvnis saxiT ambobs, rom es ofortebi Semdeg 

gadaizrdeba did tiloSi da miuxedavad imisa, rom vaJa-fSavela cotas 

werda prozaSi, misi moTxrobebi ufro metad gadmogvcems soflis yofas, 

vidre gaWimuli, tendenciuri moTxrobebi orTodoqsi xalxosnebisa~ (45; 

60). 

rogorc miuTiTeben, `Tu tician tabiZe 1927 wels daweril 

narkvevSi vaJa-fSavelaze dabejiTebiT fiqrobda, rom vaJa-fSavelaze 

xalxosnurma mimarTulebam iqonia gavlena da bevri misi moTxroba 

aRbeWdilia `xalxosnuri~ suliskveTebiT, ori wlis Semdeg daweril 

narkvevSi es mosazreba TviT avtoris mier uaryofilia da rogorc zemoT 

warmodgenili daskvna mowmobs, tician tabiZe ukve upirispirdeba kidec 

mis mier adre gamoTqmul Sexedulebas~ (45; 187). 

aRniSnuli ki imasac mowmobs, rom tician tabiZe yovelTvis 

fiqrobs gansaxilvel mwerlebze da arc azris Secvla miaCnia 

saTakilod, es mis did pasuxismgeblobazec metyvelebs. 

tician tabiZis mosazrebebSi vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb SesaZloa bevri 

ram iyos sakamaTo, magram isic faqtia, rom bevri misi mosazreba gaxda 

axali biZgis mimcemi mkvlevarTaTvis da arc dRes ar kargavs 

aqtualobas. 

gansakuTrebuli sifaqiziT udgeba tician tabiZe aleqsandre 

yazbegis pirovnuli cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis ganxilvas. 

tician tabiZe Tamamad arRvevs im sqematuri ganxilvis monacemebs, 

rac TandaTanobiT Camoyalibda al. yazbegis biografiis gadmocemisas. 

ded-mama patara sandros fufunebaSi zrdidnden, magram mama adre 

126

gardaecvala, momavali mwerlis xelgaSlil cxovrebas miCveuli ojaxi, 

male gaRaribda. qarafSutul cxovrebas miCveulma moskovSi 

saswavleblad wasulma veranair warmatebas ver miaRwia, didi valebi 

daedo da saswavleblis daumTavreblad dabrunda saqarTveloSi. tician 

tabiZes is sasiyvarulo romani, romelic al. yazbegs TiTos hqonda 

moskovSi, mainc mometebulad mwerlis fantaziis nayofad miaCnia, raTa 

dedisTvis fuli gamoetyuebina. samwyemsurSi yofna tician tabiZis azriT, 

Zalian mniSvnelovani periodi iyo mwerlis cxovrebaSi, rac man mere 

brwyinvaled gamoiyena Tavisi TxzulebebisaTvis. 

tician tabiZe vrclad Cerdeba al. yazbegis avtorobis sakiTxze, 

rac savsebiT gasagebia, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom swored 20-ian wlebSi, 

roca iwereboda tician tabiZis narkvevi, mimdinareobda cxare polemika 

al. yazbegis avtorobis Sesaxeb. 

tician tabiZes ueWvelad miaCnia rom yazbegis saxeliT cnobili 

brwyinvale memkvidreoba swored al. yazbegisaa da ara dimitri yazbegisa. 

igi wers: èWvi ar aris, rom dimitris ar dautovebia dawerili romanebi, 

romlebmac Semdeg al. yazbegs Seuqmnes didi saxeli~ (45, 62). 

al. yazbegis rogorc mwerlis udidesi damsaxureba tician tabiZis 

azriT, imaSi mdgomareobs, rom man `Tavis romanebSi gaSala kavkasiis 

grandiozuli epopea. veravin saqarTveloSi verc yazbegamde da verc mis 

Semdeg ver SeZlo ase farTo tiloebis Seqmna. misi romanebiT pirvelad 

Semovidnen qarTul mwerlobaSi mTielebi~ (45; 62). 

yazbegis Txzulebebze saubrisas narkvevis avtori paralels 

avlebs l. tolstoisTan. igi fiqrobs, rom yazbegis moTxrobebis 

zogierTi adgili Tavisi SekumSulobiT mogvagonebs tolstois ,,haji 

murats~. didi ilias mere, romelmac daviT guramiSvlis `daviTianSi~ 

daviT winaswarmetyveliseburi bibliuri simaRleebi dainaxa, kritikosis 

did gabedulebiT gamoirCa tician tabiZe, romelmac miiCnia, rom 

aleqsandre yazbegi zogjer bibliur simaRleze adis. es maSin, roca igi 

aRwers CeCnebis iZulebiT gadasaxlebas TurqeTSi (45; 63). 

marTalia, al. yazbegze tician tabiZis msjelobisas zogi ram araa 

gasaziarebeli, magaliTad is, rom al. yazbegi ver aRwevs Tavs 

gazviadebas, romantikuli brwyinvalebisaTvis igi xSirad scodavs 

127

sinamdvilis winaSe, rom al. yazbegi Tavis gmirebs ajildoebs yvelanairi 

sikeTiT, mowinaaRmdege gamohyavs pirwavardnil avismqmnelebad da a.S. 

zogi ram sadaoa, magram ZiriTadad tician tabiZis dakvirvebebi al 

yazbegze, Zalian sagulisxmoa da gasaziarebeli, axali kvleva-Ziebis 

pirobaa da safuZveli. 

e.w. `mTis skolis~ warmomadgenelTa Semoqmedebis ganxilvas 

mohyveba sami poetis mamia gurielis, giorgi Waladidelisa da nino 

orbelianis poeturi portretebis warmoCena. am sami poetis erTad 

dajgufebis piroba isaa, rom isini tician tabiZis azriT, naklebi 

talantis mqone poetebi iyvnen da darCnen òrmagi yofierebis 

zRurblze~, ramdenadac TavianTi sulieri wyobiT romantikosebi iyvnen, 

mis aRsasruls Seeswrnen da ver SesZles mZlavri realisturi skolis 

poziciaze dadgoma. sabolood isini rogorc tician tabiZe Tvlis, mainc 

romantizmis epigonebad darCnen. 

gansakuTrebulia tician tabiZis mimarTeba poet mamia gurielis 

pirovnebisadmi. mas didad xiblavs mamia gurielis, guriis ukanaskneli 

mTavris memkvidris, tragikuli saxe. fufunebaSi aRzrdilma, romelic 

brwyinavda voroncovis salonSi, sicocxle daasrula balaxvanSi, Tavisi 

yofili mosamsaxuris ficrulSi. mamia gurielma bolomde saTqmelis 

Tqma ver SeZlo, magram `mainc moaxerxa gurulis mxurvale temperamenti 

gamoexata~ (45; 65). 

yvela avtori, vinc ki mamia guriels axasiaTebs, sagangebod 

miuTiTebs mis deklamatorul niWze. did zemoqmedebas poeti Tavis 

Tanamedroveebze Turme Tavisi kiTxviTac axdenda. tician tabiZes mohyavs 

aseTi faqti: mamia gurieli èrTi saRamos ganmavlobaSi Seuwyvetliv 

kiTxulobda zepirad~ mixeil lermontovis `demonis~ sakuTar Targmans. 

Turme monusxuli auditoria ìmeorebda mis kvaldakval poemas, imdenad 

uTavsebda maT Tavis kiTxvas~ (45; 65). 

mamia gurielsave ekuTvnis baironis `Cailod haroldidan~ 

ramdenime simReris Targmna da ramdenime nawyveti homerosis ìliadadan~. 

yovelive aRniSnuli warmogvidgens mamia guriels, rogorc maRali 

poeturi kulturis, gafaqizebuli gemovnebis poets. 

128

giorgi qoCakiZe (Waladideli) Zalian SekumSulad, magram 

STambeWdavadaa warmodgenili tician tabiZis narkvevSi. igi ruseTSi 

msaxurobda. `Tavis leqsebSi igi cocxlobda bavSvobis mogonebebiT. 

ucxoeTSi mTeli sicocxle SeigrZnobda samSoblos monatrebas da 

zogierTi leqsi am ciklisa dawerili namdvili aRmafreniT~ (45; 65). g. 

Waladideli qarTuli poeziis istoriaSi darCa ori leqsiT. erTia 

axalgazrdobaSi dawerili `facxa~, romelic xalxur kilozea Seqmnili 

da xalxi kidec mReris mas, xolo meore leqsia `mogoneba~ (`maxsovs 

pirvelad saswavlebelSi~), romliTac aTeuli wlebis manZilze ixsneboda 

saskolo qrestomaTiebi da Rrmad CarCa TaobaTa xsovnaSi. am leqsSi 

dedis darigeba yrmisadmi, romelic qalaqs miemgzavreba saswavleblad, 

didxans kvebavda qarTveli mozardebis zneobas. ticianis azriT, am orma 

leqsma giorgi Waladideli daviwyebas gadaarCina. 

tician tabiZe cal-calke axasiaTebs im mwerlebs, romlebic 

qarTveli `xalxosnebis~ saxelwodebiT arian cnobili. esenia niko 

lomouri, sofrom mgalobliSvili da ekaterine gabaSvili. tician 

tabiZis TqmiT, xalxosnebi gamoirCnen glexkacobisadmi, maTi bedisadmi 

gansakuTrebuli interesiT. 

niko lomouri kritikosis azriT, sxvebze ukeTesad TvalsaCinod 

gamoxatavs xalxosnur ideebs, sxvebze ukeT icnobs glexkacTa cxovrebas. 

rac metad ipyrobs kritikosis yuradRebas, n. lomouri ar aidealebs 

glexebs, pirdapir miuTiTebs maT egoizms, umecrebas, yuradRebas 

amaxvilebs eqimbaSobisa da crumorwmuneobis savalalo Sedegebze da a.S. 

n. lomouris nawarmoebebidan sagangebod gamoyofs `qajanas~ da àls~. 

kritikosi arc imas iviwyebs, rom n. lomouris moTxrobebi gamoirCeva 

daxvewili qarTuliT. 

sofrom mgalobliSvili kargad icnobda samRvdeloebas da misi 

moTxrobebis Tematika am mxriv ipyrobs yuradRebaso. tician tabiZe 

gansakuTrebiT aRniSnavs sofrom mgalobliSvilis damsaxurebas 

memuaruli xasiaTis nawarmoebis SeqmniT, romelSic misi azriT, kargadaa 

daxatuli Tanamedrove mweralTa cocxali suraTebi. 

ekaterine gabaSvili, tician tabiZis TqmiT, sxva xalxosanTagan 

gansxvavdeba sazogadoebaSi qalis bedisadmi interesiT. igi xatavs 

129

ogorc maRali wris warmomadgeneli e.w. `monanie aznaur~ qalebs, asev 

glexobis warmomadgenlebs, udarebs maT erTmaneTs. tician tabiZe 

sagangebod gaxazavs ekaterine gabaSvilze ilia WavWavaZis prozis did 

zemoqmedebas. konkretulad igi miuTiTebs, rom e. gabaSvilis `magdanas 

lurja~ dawerilia ilia WavWavaZis òrTaraanT qvrivis~ aSkara 

zemoqmedebiT, magram aucileblad aRsaniSnavi isaa, rom mwerali qali 

axerxebs qvrivi magdanas TviTmyofadi saxis Seqmnas. 

erTgvarad xalxosnebTan akavSirebs, maT gverdiT aTavsebs tician 

tabiZe anastasia erisTav-xoStarias. am mweral qalsac qalis bedisadmi 

interesi gamoarCevs. man scadao romanis dawera. romans `molipul gzaze~ 

xmauriani warmateba hqondao. tician tabiZis azriT, mweralma qalma 

gamoamJRavna dakvirvebis unari da garkveuli mxatvruli ostatoba. 

xalxosan mweralTa mokle, SekumSuli daxasiaTebas mohyveba 

poetebis erTi jgufis Semoyvana literaturis istoriaSi. eseni arian 

grigol abaSiZe, parmen caxeli, gandegili, dutu megreli da ioseb 

daviTaSvili. maTi erTad dajgufebis piroba isaa, rom erTgvarad 

lagdebian ilia WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis garSemo, am ori didi 

xelovanis mZlavr zemoqmedebas ganicdian. 

grigol abaSiZes tragikuli bedis mqone poetad Tvlis ticiani. 

frangi poetis moris rolinas msgavsad, man sicocxle suliT avadmyofTa 

saxlSi daasrulao. gardaicvala da dakrZales igi peterburgSi. tician 

tabiZis TqmiT, es poeti gamoirCa deklamatoruli niWiT, saocari 

mexsierebiT, Tumca moklebuli iyo sakuTar hangs, hbaZavda akakis da im 

frang poetebs, romlebsac bevrs Targmnidao. 

parmen caxeli (TvalWreliZe) adre did imedebs iZleoda. erTgvarad 

did vaJasac ki upirispirebdnen, magram bolos akakis epigonad darCa. 

parmen caxelmac Tavisi cxovreba ubedurad daasrula, yaCaRebma mokles 

Tavis mamulSi. 

dominika erisTavi (gandegili) gamoirCeoda niWierebiT akakis 

mowafeebs Soris, marTalia, man axali mimdinareobebis gavlenac ganicada 

magram mainc sabolood akakis epigonobas ver gascdao, _ askvnis tician 

tabiZe. 

tician tabiZe sagangebo aRniSvnis Rirsad scnobs glex poets ioseb 

daviTaSvils. tician tabiZisTvis isaa faseuli, rom ioseb daviTaSvilma 

130

gauZlo yovelgvar gaWirvebas, SimSils, usaxlkarobas. mxolod 36 weli 

icxovra, magram saxelis mopoveba mainc moaswro. tician tabiZisTvis 

gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia is, rom ioseb daviTaSvils yuradReba 

miaqcies, mis dasaflavebaze sityvebi warmoTqves ilia WavWavaZem da akaki 

wereTelma. am faqtma gansakuTrebiT xeli Seuwyo glexi poetisadmi 

xalxis interess. iliasaTvis da akakisaTvis swored is iyo 

mniSvnelovani, rom ioseb daviTaSvili glexebis wridan iyo gamosuli. es 

pirveli SemTxveva iyo qarTul mwerlobaSi, rom glexobis dardze, 

satkivarze, survilebze TviTon glexkaci gvesaubreboda. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom tician tabiZe savsebiT samarTlianad giorgi 

wereTlis 60-ianelad miiCnevs, ilia WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis 

TanamebrZolad, mis Semoqmedebas mainc 80-90-iani wlebis literaturul 

procesebis fonze ganixilavs, rogorc Cans, tician tabiZisTvis ufro 

mniSvnelovania giorgi wereTeli erTgvarad poziciaSecvlili, romelic 

erTgvar simpaTiebs amJRavnebs social-demokratebis, pirveli qarTveli 

marqsistebis mimarT. rogorc miuTiTeben, g. wereTeli Tanadroulobis 

grZnobiT aRbeWdili, siaxlis kvalSi Camdgari moRvawe iyo (45, 196). 

tician tabiZe drois moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad g. wereTlis da n. 

nikolaZis radikalizms ufro iwonebs, vidre ilias pirovnul simyares 

da interesebis ucvlelobas. 

80-90-ian wlebSi g. wereTelma Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi interesebi 

sakuTriv socialuri problematikisaken mimarTa, vidre erovnulisaken. 

saboloo daskvniT mainc, g. wereTeli erTgvarad gaorebuli darCa, 

sicocxlis bolomde _ erTis mxriv, pativismcemeli iyo siZvelisa, 

warsulisa, iyo arqeologi, gamoirCeoda patriotuli gznebiT _ am mxriv 

igi aSkarad samocianelobda, meores mxriv ki, rogorc iTqva, marTlia, ar 

gaxda marqsisti, magram TanaugrZnobda ki marqsistebs da Tavisi `kvalic~ 

maT dauTmo. 

sayuradReboa, rom k. abaSiZis kvaldakval, tician tabiZec g. 

wereTels naturalist mwerlad miiCnevs. tician tabiZis TqmiT, `g. 

wereTlis romanebi mTliania da dawerilia naturalisturi skolis 

yvela niSan-Tvisebis Sesabamisad~ (45; 72). 

131

marTalia, tician tabiZe ar saubrobs da mokle narkvevSi arc iyo 

mosalodneli rom CamoeTvala naturalizmis niSnebi. magram faqti isaa, 

rom igi dabejiTebiT fiqrobs ase. 

g. wereTlis naturalistoba Semdgomi kvleva-ZiebiT ar iqna 

gaziarebuli, rogorc marTebuladaa CaTvlili g. wereTeli, imave 

kritikuli realizmis warmomadgenelia, romelic Cvens literaturaSi 

iliam da akakim daamkvidres, oRondac mxatvruli SesaZleblobebiT, 

mwerluri talantiT ver adis igi Tavisi didi Tanamedroveobis ilia 

WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis simaRleze. 

tician tabiZe kargad xedavs, rom g. wereTlis, rogorc xelovanis 

mniSvneloba, ZiriTadad ganisazRvreba Tanadroulobis, dRevandelobis 

problemebis droul danaxvasa da gamoxmaurebaSi. tician tabiZis 

dakvirvebiT, mis mier danaxuli Tematika imdenad mniSvnelovnad iqna 

CaTvlili, rom es Temebi Semdeg araerTgzis `varirebda qarTul 

prozaSi~ (45; 72). 

tician tabiZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs g. wereTlis TxzulebebSi 

gansaxierebul tipebze. `pirvel nabijSi~ gamoyvanili tipebi _ ieremia 

warba, baxva fulava, dRemde SemorCnen, rogorc sazogado saxelebio, _ 

aRniSnavs avtori. 

calke gamoyofis Rirsad miiCnevs tician tabiZe `rux mgels~ da 

`mamida asmaTs~, rogorc g. wereTlis mxatvruli ostatobiT gamorCeul 

Txzulebebs. 

tician tabiZe fiqrobs, rom giorgi wereTelma or mweralze 

moaxdina gansakuTrebuli zemoqmedeba _ erTia egnate ninoSvili, xolo 

meore daviT kldiaSvili. es azri garkveviT gavrcelda samecniero 

literaturaSi, Tumca bolo dros, savsebiT samarTlianad win aris 

wamoweuli didi ilias roli da mniSvneloba ara marto egnate 

ninoSvilisa da daviT kldiaSvilis saboloo formirebaze, aramed kidev 

ufro TvalsaCinoa gavlena ilia WavWavaZisa TviTon giorgi wereTelze, 

rogorc prozaikosze. 

tician tabiZec aviTarebs bolo dromde erTob gavrcelebul azrs, 

rom egnate ninoSvili aris marqsizmis pirveli warmomadgeneli qarTul 

mwerlobaSi, rom marqsistuli organizaciis gamocxadeba oficialurad 

132

moxda egnate ninoSvilis dakrZalvis dRes mis saflavze da a.S. am bolo 

dros es azri safuZvlianad aris uaryofili samecniero literaturaSi 

(18, 216-229). 

àxla saTanadod dasabuTebulia, rom egnate ninoSvili rogorc 

sazogado moRvawe, xelovani da publicisti, mTliani pirovnebaa da rom 

igi didi ilia WavWavaZis gzis gamgrZelebelia rogorc mxatvruli 

sityvis, aseve publicistikis sferoSi~ (45; 198). 

praqtikulad, XX saukunis 20-iani wlebisaTvis tician tabiZe 

sworad miuTiTebs e. ninoSvilis Tematikur mravalferovnebas, socialur 

simZafres, masalis Rrma codnas da misi flobis unars. Semdgom drois 

kvleva-Ziebam ZiriTadad gaaRrmava da gaafarTova is Tematikuri rkali, 

rac Tvis droze moiniSna tician tabiZis narkvevSi. 

d. kldiaSvilze msjelobisas Cvens win dgas narkvevis avtori 

moxibluli didi mwerlis gamZafrebuli siuJetis grZnobiT. tician 

tabiZe gatacebiT uyveba mkiTxvels d. kldiaSvilis moTxrobaTa ambebs. 

tician tabiZes gansakuTrebiT is xiblavs, rom `daviT kldiaSvili ar 

axdens aqcentirebas ideologiaze~ (45; 77). rac misTvis aris WeSmariti 

realizmis niSani. d. kldiaSvilma gviCvenao, Tu rogor angrevs qalaqi 

sofels, aznaurTa budeebs. 

sagulisxmoa tician tabiZis miTiTeba d. kldiaSvilis iumorze. d. 

kldiaSvilis gmirebis drama imdenad Rrmaa, rom sicilis nacvlad 

Tvalze cremli gvidgebao, _ aRniSnavs kritikosi. `kalmasobis~ Semdeg, 

daviT kldiaSvilma pirvelma aaRorZina saqarTveloSi mxatvruli iumori 

da kritikaSi man daimkvidra mciremamulian imerel don-kixotTa 

servantesis saxeli~, askvnis tician tabiZe (45; 78). 

tician tabiZes axali qarTuli literaturis monakveTSi Semohyavs 

kidev erTi mwerali _ Sio aragvispireli. mas ganixilavs igi rogorc 

gardamaval epoqis gamomxatvels. rogorc aseTi, epoqis gamomxatveli S. 

aragvispireli gamsWvalulia bneli pesimizmiT. 

tician tabiZe fiqrobs, rom pesimizmi araa Sio aragvispirelTan 

ganwyobileba, igi masTan asulia Tvalsazrisis simaRleze. aRsaniSnavia, 

rom tician tabiZe Sio aragvispirels ukavSirebs did frang novelists 

gi de mopasans, aRniSnavs am ukanasknelis zemoqmedebis faqts pirvelze. 

133

praqtikulad, Sio aragvispireli aris qarTul sinamdvileSi 

novelis Semomtani da damamkvidrebeli mwerali. es azri, rogorc 

aRniSnaven, simarTles ar unda Seesabamebodes. `novelis Janrs sxvebic 

mimarTaven da mimarTavdnen ufro adrec, magram rogorc Cans, tician 

tabiZes novelis klasikuri ganmarteba aqvs mainc mxedvelobaSi da S. 

aragvispirels gansakuTrebuli interesi am formisadmi~ (45; 200). 

Tu tician tabiZis narkvevis am nawils dakvirvebiT wavikiTxavT, 

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom Sio aragvispireli mainc xelovnuria, roca 

ucxoel avtorTa mibaZviT urwmunoebas da pesimizms amkvidrebs qarTul 

sinamdvileSi, roca mas seriozuli daeWveba Seaqvs grZnobaTa simyareSi 

da gamZleobaSi, roca igi aSiSvlebs siyvarulis grZnobas da mxolod 

wamier xorciel vnebas da aRviraxsnilobas xedavs masSi. es rom asea, 

gamoCndeba mogvianebiT, roca igi dawers romans `gabzaruli guli~, 

romelic TavisTavad himnia, qebaTa-qebaa WeSmariti grZnobisa; `gabzarul 

guls~ tician tabiZe `tristan da izoldas~ adarebs siyvarulis 

grZnobis Zalisa da gamZleobis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT. `gabzaruli 

guli~ axali Seqmnili iyo da tician tabiZis aRtacebac gasagebi unda 

iyos, Tumca drom garkveuli koreqtivebi Seitana tician tabiZis am 

SefasebaSi, magram is ki mainc faqtad darCa, rom `gabzaruli guli~, 

rogorc S. aragvispirelis erTgvari feriscvalebis aRmniSvneli 

qmnileba, mainc sagulisxmo adgils iWers qarTuli literaturis 

istoriaSi. 

tician tabiZe savsebiT marTebulad aRniSnavs, rom Sio 

aragvispireli Zlieri mxatvaria iq, sadac uSualoa da gulwrfeli, 

sadac gatacebiT aRwers ubralo mSromeli xalxis cxovrebas. maT miwier 

sixaruls da dards. erTi sityviT, Sio aragvispireli Zlieria iq, sadac 

masala uSualodaa mis mier gancdili da gaTavisebuli. 

aseTia ZiriTadad tician tabiZis narkvevis struqtura da ZiriTadi 

Sinaarsi. es narkvevi didad sayuradReboa im azriT, rom igi saSualebas 

gvaZlevs Tanmimdevrulad, sistemuri saxiT Tvali gavadevnoT tician 

tabiZiseul XIX saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebis, 

tendenciebis daxasiaTebas, srul warmodgenas gviqmnis XIX s. yvela 

qarTveli mwerlis, didisa Tu SedarebiT naklebi Rirebulebis mwerlis 

134

mimarT tician tabiZis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. gvaZlevs mis mokle, 

kompaqtur daxasiaTebas. warmodgenas gviqmnis im ZiriTadze, rac tician 

tabiZes mniSvnelovnad da aRniSvnis Rirsad miaCnia. tician tabiZis 

eseebis da werilebis, misi am SedarebiT vrceli narkvevis Seqmnidan ukve 

90 weli gavida, magram isini ar kargaven Tavis SemecnebiT mniSvnelobas 

da aqtualobas. tician tabiZis mosazrebebs iTvaliswinebdnen, 

eyrdnobodnen da aviTarebdnen qarTveli mkvlevarebi. momavalSic ar 

moakldebaT maT interesi da saTanado yuradRebac. 

135

d a s k v n e b i 

tician tabiZis poeziis siaxlove qarTuli literaturis 

tradiciebTan, poetis mimarTeba winapar poetebTan (gansakuTrebiT bolo 

periodis) pirdapir migviTiTebs im did kavSirebze, romlebic tician 

tabiZes aqvs XIX saukunis qarTul mwerlobasTan. 

tician tabiZem rTuli SemoqmedebiTi gza ganvlo. mkvlevarebi 

poetis SemoqmedebiT gzas pirobiTad sam etapad yofen _ 1910-1915 

miCneulia momwifebis wlebad, Semdegi safexuria `cisferyanwelobis~ 

xana, romelic grZeldeba 1926-28 wlamde, xolo misi Semoqmedebis bolo 

safexuria klasikur tradiciebTan dabrunebis xana. 

tician tabiZis, rogorc poetis Camoyalibebis pirveli safexuri 

aRiniSneba, rogorc klasikur poeziasTan ziarebis da misi didi 

zemoqmedebis gamoxatuleba. misi adreuli leqsebi da moTxrobaminiaturebi 

atareben gr. orbelianis, n. baraTaSvilis, ilia WavWavaZis, 

vaJa-fSavelas gavlenis kvals. marTalia, am drois leqsebs da prozaul 

nawarmoebebs aklia mxatvruli srulyofa, maTSi bevria epigonuri, magram 

mainc didi mniSvneloba aqvT mis cxadsayofad, Tu riT daiwyo tician 

tabiZis poeturi gza. 

axlis Tqmis dauokebelma Wabukurma swrafvam tician tabiZe da misi 

megobrebi klasikurisagan mkveTr gamijvnamde da simbolizmamde miiyvana. 

`cisferyanwelTa~ dajgufebam Tavisi dadgineba XIX saukunis qarTul 

klasikur poeziasTan da kerZod 60-ianelebis poeziasTan dapirispirebiT 

cada. 

maT CaTvales, rom 60-ian wlebSi qarTuli poeziis ganviTarebis 

rusTvelidan momdianre istoriuli gza gawyda. iliam da akakim qarTuli 

poeziis yvavilebs `dauwyes Secvla rusuli xorbliT~. mxolod vaJafSavelaSi 

feTqavs eris suli Tavisi kulturuli atavizmiT. 

tician tabiZis SemTxvevaSi dapirispireba 60-ianelebis poeziasTan 

mainc ufro Sexedulebebis doneze moxda. erTgvarad gansxvavebulad 

warmodgeba saqme TviT poeziaSi. aq tician tabiZes mkveTrad arasodes 

gamouxatavs es dapirispireba. rogorc amboben misi poezia erovnul 

fesvebze iyo aRmocenebuli. misTvis ucxo iyo nacionaluri nihilizmi. 

136

tician tabiZes poeziaSi sinamdvile arasodes uaryvia da misTvis 

savsebiT zurgi ar uqcevia. 

tician tabiZis simbolizmamde misvlac, erTi mxriv, 60-ianelTa 

poeziis gavleniTaa asaxsneli, swored ilias, akakis didi zemoqmedebiTi 

Zala ubiZgebs mas, gansxavavebuli eZios, gamoirCes. axali daamkvidros. 

daaxloebiT 20-iani wlebis bolodan iwyeba `miwasTan dabruneba~, 

rac mainc da mainc ar unda gasWirveboda tician tabiZes, misi poeturi 

bunebac aqeTken iyo midrekili. 

tician tabiZis leqsebSi ara marto grZnobaTa didi uSualoba, 

mozRvaveba igrZnoba (`leqsi mewyeri~), aramed didi literaturuli 

ganswavluloba, kerZod, XIX saukunis qarTuli poeziis Rrma codnac. 

tician tabiZis bolo periodis leqsebi yuradRebas iqcevs XIX saukunis 

qarTvel poetTa reminiscenciebiT, sazogadod maTi Rrma gancdiT, am 

mxriv tician tabiZe gamorCeuli poetia mTel XX saukuneSi. 

patriotizmi, qarTlis bedis sakiTxi tician tabiZis poeziis 

umTavres safiqralad iqca da gamoxatvis formebis Zieba, poeturi 

azrovneba mSobliur wiaRs daefuZna, XIX saukunis saTqmelic xom qveynis 

bedis, misi momavlis gansazRvraa. amdenad gr. orbelianis, n. 

baraTaSvilis, ilias, akakis, vaJas poezia saimedo sayrdeni aRmoCnda 

tician tabiZisaTvis. 

gr. orbelianis mWevrmetyveluri poezia did zemoqmedebas axdens 

tician tabiZeze. siWabukeSi bohemur cxovrebas dawafuli igi xSirad 

grZnobs xolme siaxloves lxinis mefe, orTaWalis baRebis xSir 

stumarTan _ grigol orbelianTan. gr. orbelianis striqonebi brwyinavs 

tician tabiZis leqsSi `maS gamarjveba~ da kidev sxvagan. gr. orbelianis 

`sadRegrZelo~ axleburad cocxldeba poemaSi `somxeTSi~. 

n. baraTaSvilisadmi tician tabiZis damokidebuleba 

mravalsaxovania, tradiciuli. tician tabiZe axdens n. baraTaSvilis 

mxatvruli saxeebis simbolizirebas. amgvari saxe simboloebia _ yorani, 

udabno, mwiri, demoni... 

n. baraTaSvilis intimuroba, lirizmi tician tabiZis STagonebad 

darCa bolomde. 

ilia WavWavaZis xati mudmivad Tanmxlebia tician tabiZis poeturi 

137

azrovnebisa. ilias Semoqmedebis zegavleniT tician tabiZis poeziaSi 

batonobs myinvarisa da Tergis mxatvruli saxeebi. 

axali epoqis axal moTxovnebTan Tvalis gasworeba, Segueba, ayola 

ticianma ilis moSveliebiT cada, Tumca es ver moxerxda, SeuTavsebelni 

ver SeTavsdnen verc didi niWis tician tabiZis SemTxvevaSi. 

SemoqmedebiTi gzis yvela safexurze tician tabiZe naTlad 

grZnobs, ilias didi Zala rogor awveba ,,zvavad Tavze~. 

akakis poeturi striqonebi tician tabiZes erTgvarad musikalur 

hangad aqvs daxsomebuli da Wabukobisdroindeli gancdiT acocxlebs am 

xmas. `sulikos~ hangs, rogroc gauxunar, dauviwyar gancdas cvlis 

`cicinaTelas~ cimcimi da gamonaTeba, maradmdevia misTvis akakis Canguri, 

akakis personaJebi _ naTela, baSi-aCuki, abduSahili. 

sruliad gamorCeulia vaJa-fSavelas saxeli, misi zemoqmedeba 

poetze.tician tabiZes zogi ram genialur vaJa-fSavelasTanac aaxlovebs. 

gansakuTrebiT am mxriv unda aRiniSnos poeturi gamomsaxvelobis 

sisadave da didi uSualoba. 

vaJas deka da Rvia simbolur datvirTvas iZenen ticianis poeziaSi. 

vaJa-fSavelam bevrwilad gansazRvra tician tabiZis Semoqmedebis xasiaTi. 

vaJa Seucvlel simaRled darCa ticianisaTvis. 

vaJa-fSavelam ramdenime werili _ ese uZRvna XIX saukunis 

qarTvel mwerlebs. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs nawyveti _ 

ilia WavWavaZe, ori brwyinvale werili vaJa-fSavelaze, erTi werili 

eZRvneba vaJas umcros Zmas _ baCanas da warmoadgens misi SemoqmedebiTi 

gzis saintereso ganxilvas. vrceli, Zalze sayuradRebo werili uZRvna 

tician tabiZem did qarTvel realists daviT kldiaSvils, aseve vrceli 

werili eZRvneba S. aragvispirels, misi Semoqmedebis ganxilvas. 

garda amisa calkeuli sayuradRebo dakvirvebebi da mosazrebebi 

XIX saukunis qarTvel mweralTa Sesaxeb gabneulia sxva werilebSic. 

sayuradReboa, rom am werilebSi avtoria ara marto kritikosis 

TvaliT Wvrets masalas, aramed literaturis istorikosis TvaliT, 

ramdenadac yvela es werili gamoirCeva sayuradRebo dakvirvebebiT am 

mweralTa. adgilis gansazRvrisaTvis qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi, 

imaze miTiTebiT, Tu ra imemkvidra am mweralma da ra siaxle Semoitana 

138

Cvens mwerlobaSi. amgvari midgoma principis doneze ayvanili poziciaa 

Cveni avtorisa, rac sainteresod gamJRavnda kidec 1929 wels daweril 

narkvevSi axali qarTuli literatura. 

tician tabiZis werilebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia saTqmelis 

SekumSuloba, Tezisuri forma. TiTqmis yoveli fraza, mzadaa 

gaSlisaTvis. 

erTi Rirseba tician tabiZis kritikuli werilebisa isaa, rom 

ticiani didi erudiciis, farTo horizontis avtoria. igi qarTuli 

mwerlobis Sefasebas xSirad axdens msoflio literaturis konteqstSi, 

miuTiTebs paralelebze, msgavseba-gansxvavebebze, evropeli da rusi 

avtorebis gavlenaze. 

tician tabiZis werilebsa da eseebSi cxadad ikveTeba did 

xelovanTa, XIX saukunis did warmomadgenelTa SemoqmedebiTi 

portretebi. tician tabiZis bevri dakvirveba, migneba aSkarad scdeba 

kvleva-Ziebis sazRvrebs da saTaves iRebs nagrZnobsa da gancdilSi, 

rasac Semdgomi kvleva-ZiebisTvis aqvs didi mniSvneloba. 

SeiZleba tician tabiZis werilebSi zogi ram sakamaTo, zogi 

mosazreba miuRebeli iyos, magram ZiriTadad misi werilebi arc 

sadReisod kargaven mniSvnelobas, aqtualobas da Semdgomi kvleva-Ziebis 

safuZvlad iqcevian. 

tician tabiZem 1929 wels rusul enaze dawera axali qarTuli 

literatura, mokle narkvevi. 

rogorc Cans narkvevi daiwera ZiriTadad im mizniT, rom 

rusulenovani mkiTxvelisaTvis waredgina XIX saukunis qarTuli 

mwerloba Tavisi maRaleTikuri SinaarsiT, mravalferovnebiT. 

Tu XX saukunis 10-iani wlebisTvis Jurnali `cisfer yanwebSi~ 

dabeWdil erTgvar saprogramo werilSi `cisferi yanwebiT~ tician tabiZe 

upirispirdeboda 60-iani wlebis did warmomadgenelTa poetur pozicias, 

maT poezias qarTuli mwerlobis magistraluri xazidan gadaxvevad 

Tvlida. Tu tician tabiZis azriT, samocianelebma `qarTuli poeziis 

yvavils dauwyes Secvla rusuli xorbliT~, riTac daSordnen qarTuli 

poeziis bunebasac da saerTod WeSmariti poeziidanac Sors idgnen, 1929 

wels daweril narkvevSi tician tabiZe mTlianad, radikalurad icvlis 

139

Tavis Tvalsazriss. igi ukve savsebiT marTebulad XIX saukunis qarTul 

poezias warmogvidgens, rogorc uwyveti ganviTarebis bunebriv gzas. aq 

saTanadodaa gaxazuli mTeli XIX saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis erovnul 

Sinaarsi, saTanadodaa aRniSnuli qarTvel romantikosTa al. WavWavaZis, 

gr. orbelianis, n. baraTaSvilis damsaxureba, naCvenebia qarTveli 

romantizmis saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba. Rirseulad arian Sefasebuli 

saxelovani samocianelebi ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, sagangebod 

aris xazgasmuli maTi poeziis Rrma moqalaqeobrivi da socialuri 

Sinaarsi, is rac adre miuRebeli iyo ticianisaTvis. saTanado aqvs 

miwyuli maTi skolis warmomadgenlebs, didi Tu naklebi talantis 

SemoqmedT. 

genialuri vaJa rogorc adreul eseSi, aqac tician tabiZis maRal 

Sefasebas imsaxurebs, magram Tu adre igi gancalkevebiT mdgomad 

aRiqmeboda qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi, axla kanonzomieradaa 

CarTuli qarTuli poeziis ganviTarebis istoriaSi, rogorc erTi misi 

mwvervali. 

tician tabiZis narkvevi mTlian warmodgenas gviqmnis XIX saukunis 

yvela qarTveli mwerlis Sesaxeb. 

miuxedavd misi Seqmnidan didi drois gasvlisa narkvevi ar kargavs 

Tavis SemecnebiT mniSvnelobas, aqtualurobas. tician tabiZis 

mosazrebebs momavalSic ar moakldebaT saTanado yuradReba da interesi. 

140

gamoyenebeuli literatura 

1. abaSiZe k., etiudebi XIX s. qarTuli literaturis Sesaxeb. prof. 

d. gamezardaSvilis redaqciiT da Sesavali weriliT. Tb., 1970 

2. abulaZe m., tician tabiZis poezia, wignSi tician tabiZe, Tb., 1999 

3. abulaZe miriani, tician tabiZis poezia, Tb., 1961 w. 

4. avaliani l., giJi drois qarTuli mwerloba. Tb., 2005 

5. avaliani l., vaJa-fSavela cisferyanwelTa TvalTaxedviT, wignSi, 

vaJas krebuli, II, Tb., 1982 

6. avaliani l., literaturuli werilebi, Tb., 1992 

7. andRulaZe l., rusTaveliT aRdgenili siamaye, Tb., 2008 

8. asaTiani g., Tanamdevi sulebi, Tb., 1983 

9. asaTiani g., saukunis poetebi, Tb., 1988 

10. afxaiZe S., maxsovs maradis, Tb., 1980 

11. axali qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, Tb., 1972 

12. gamsaxurdia z., vefxistyaosnis saxismetyveleba, Tb., 1991 

13. gegeWkori g., tician tabiZe, Jurn. `kritika~, 1991,MMN# 4 

14. gomarTeli a., qarTuli simbolisturi proza, Tb., 1997 

15. doiaSvili T., musikaluri azrovneba da poeturi enis 

Taviseburebani, `kritika~, 1991, #4 

16. evgeniZe i., `vaJa-fSavela~ (cxovreba da SemoqmedebiTi istoriis 

sakiTxebi), 1989 

17. evgeniZe i., grigol orbeliani, Tb., 1995 

18. evgeniZe i., narkvevebi qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, I, Tb., 

2000 

19. evgeniZe i., narkvevebi qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, II, Tb., 

2003 

20. virsalaZe e., XIX s. qarTveli romantikosebi da xalxuri poezia, 

n. baraTaSvilisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo krebuli, Tb., 1968 

21. kapanaZe s., tician tabiZis proza, werilebi, narkvevebi, 

avtoreferati filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero 

xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tb., 1997 

22. ingoroyva p.,nikoloz baraTaSvili (narkvevi) wignSi, nikoloz 

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araTaSvili, Txzulebani, Tb., 1963 

23. kiknaZe gr., ilia WavWavaZe, rogorc xelovani ilias krebulSi, t. 

I, Tb., 1998 

24. kiknaZe gr., vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba, Tb., 1957 

25. kiknaZe gr., vaJa-fSavela, almanaxSi `sjani~, #6, Tb., 2005 

26. kiknaZe gr., metyvelebis stilis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1957 

27. kiknaZe gr. literaturis Teoriisa da istoriis sakiTxebi, Tb., 

1978 

28. kldiaSvili s., leqsebi iyo misi sagzali, wignSi, tician tabiZe, 

wiTeli mixakis legenda Tb., 1985 

29. laisti a., saqarTvelos guli, Tb., 1963 

30. manwkava i., ilia WavWavaZe, krebulSi ilia emigrantTa TvaliT, II, 

Tb., 1996 

31. maRraZe e., grigol orbeliani, Tb., 1967 

32. maxaraZe a., qarTuli romantizmi, Tb., 1982 

33. minaSvili l., saxelovani poeti axali da uaxlesi qarTuli 

literaturis istorikosis ampluaSi, wignSi, tician tabiZe, 

axali qarTuli literatura, Tb., 2008 

34. minaSvili l., literaturuli narkvevebi, Tb., 2009 

35. mirianaSvili T., pirze momdgarsa sityvasa, gaz., ,,literaturuli 

saqarTvelo’’ 1990 

36. miSvelaZe r., uaxlesi qarTuli literaturis istoria, Tb., 1998 

37. nadiraZe k., rac leqsad ver vTqvi, Tb., 1984 

38. nikoleiSvili a., meoce saukunis qarTuli literaturis 

narkvevebi, II, 1997 

39. orbeliani gr., Txzulebani, sruli krebuli, Tb., 1959, a. 

gawerelias da j. WumburiZis Sesavali werilebiT, redaqciiT da 

SeniSvnebiT, 1959 

40. sigua s., modernizmi, Tb., 2008 

41. siraZe r., istoria mkiTxvelis fenomenisa da saxismetyvelebiTi 

periodizacia, `sjani~, 2005, #6 

42. tabiZe t., cisferi yanwebiT, Jurn., `cisferi yanwebi~ quT., 1916, 

#2 

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43. tabiZe t., Txzulebani 3 tomad, t. 2, werilebi literaturasa da 

xelovnebaze, Tb., 1966 

44. tabiZe t., leqsebi, proza, werilebi, Tb., 1985 

45. tabiZe t., axali qarTuli literatura, red. l. minaSvili, Tb., 

2008 

46. qarTveli mwerlebi vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb, krebuli, Semdgenlebi 

i. evgeniZe, l. minaSvili da j. WumburiZe, Tb., 2003 

47 Ciqobava arn., ilia WavWavaZeE da qarTuli enis erTianobis 

sakiTxi (ilia WavWavaZis dabadebidan 140 wlisTavis gamo), 

Jurnali ,,sabWoTa xelovneba’’ 1978, #6 

48. CxeiZe r., aleqsandre orbeliani,1996 

49. caiSvili s., maradiuli saxeebi, Tb., 1981 

50. WavWavaZe i., TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli aT tomad, p. 

ingoroyvas redaqciiT, t. III, Tb., 1953 

51. WavWavaZe i., TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli aT tomad, p. 

ingoroyvas redaqciiT, t. IV, Tb., 1955 

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qarTuli literaturis istoria, naw. II, Tb., 1990 

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54. xelaia m., 99 esse, Tb., 1986 

55. xinTibiZe a.,ilias kalami, saqarTvelos literaturaTmcodneobis 

akademiis Sromebis krebuli, #4, Tb., 2007 

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saqarTvelo~, 1989 w. maisi 

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143

xatia SevardnaZe XIX saukunis qarTul mwerlobasTan tician tabiZis ...

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