eleqtonuli xelmowera qarTuli samarTlis perspeqtivaSi
eleqtonuli xelmowera qarTuli samarTlis perspeqtivaSi
eleqtonuli xelmowera qarTuli samarTlis perspeqtivaSi
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ar gamoirCeva usafrTxoebis maRali xarisxiT (magaliTad, <strong>xelmowera</strong><br />
eleqtronul werilze).<br />
b) mowmobis safuZvelze Seqmnili cifruli <strong>xelmowera</strong>, romelic unda<br />
akmayofilebdes 4 moTxovnas, kerZod, amgvari <strong>xelmowera</strong> 1)<br />
dakavSirebulia mxolod xelmomwerTan anu eqskluziurad miniWebuli<br />
aqvs xelmoweris mflobels; 2) axorcielebs xelmomweris<br />
identifikacias, anu misi vinaobis dadgenas; 3) imyofeba xelmomweris<br />
sruli kontrolis qveS (anu efeqturad daculia aranebadarTuli<br />
gamoyenebisagan); 4) iZleva eleqtronuli dokumentis xelmoweris<br />
Semdeg Setanili cvlilebebis aRmoCenis saSualebas. kanonis mixedviT<br />
amgvari <strong>xelmowera</strong> damzadebulia cifruli xelmoweris mowmobis<br />
safuZvelze, romelic gacemulia araakreditirebuli mowmobis<br />
gamcemis mier.<br />
c) sertifikatis safuZvelze Seqmnili cifruli <strong>xelmowera</strong> – waeyeneba<br />
igive moTxovnebi, rogorc mowmobis safuZvelze Seqmnili <strong>xelmowera</strong>s,<br />
im gansxvavebiT, rom am SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisi sertifikati gacemuli<br />
unda iyos araakreditirebuli mowmobis gamcemis mier.<br />
e-xelmoweris amgvar klasifikacias Tavisi samarTlebrivi implikacia<br />
gaaCnia, razec odnav mogvianebiT visaubrebT. ramdenime sityviT ganvmarTavT<br />
cifruli xelmoweris mniSvnelobas. amis mizezi garkveulwilad imaSic<br />
mdgomareobas, rom cifruli xelmoweris rig teqnologiur aspeqtebs Tavad<br />
kanoni garkveul yuradRebas uTmobs. gansxvavebiT Cveulebrivi e-<br />
xelmowerisagan, cifruli <strong>xelmowera</strong> emyareba e. w. PKI (Public Key<br />
Infrastructure) teqnologias da dafuZnebulia asimetriuli kriptografiis<br />
teqnologiaze, romelic iyenebs or gansxvavebul, magram erTmaneTTan<br />
maTematikurad dakavSirebul gasaRebs: daxuruli (private) da Ria (public)<br />
gasaRebebi (kanonis mixedviT “gasaRebebis wyvili”). daxuruli gasaRebi<br />
gamoiyeneba cifruli xelmoweris Sesaqmnelad da eleqtronuli dokumentis<br />
Sinaarsis daSifrvisaTvis. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, am gasaRebiT informaciis<br />
gamgzavni xels awers eleqtronulad nebis gamovlinebas. Sesabamisad<br />
daxuruli gasaRebi eqvemdebareba mkacri dacvis reJims. Ria gasaRebi<br />
gamoiyeneba adresatis mier cifruli xelmoweris dasadastureblad<br />
(Sesamowmeblad). amgvari gasaRebi sajaroa. misi codna aucilebelia<br />
adresatisaTvis, rom moaxdinos gamomgzavnis vinaobis usafrTxo Semowmeba.<br />
orive gasaRebi, romlebic warmoadgenen garkveuli cifrebis erTobliobas<br />
(maTematikuri algoriTmi), asimetriulia. gasaRebebSi gamoyenebuli cifrebi<br />
gansxvavebulia da Ria gasaRebidan ar gamomdinareobs daxuruli gasaRebi,<br />
rac am ukansknelis dacvas uzrunvelyofs. 1<br />
1 qveviT SevecdebiT cifruli xelmoweris praqtikuli gamoyenebis ilustracia SemogTavazoT:<br />
giorgis (gamgzavni) surs gaugzavnos daviTs (mimRebi) informacia cifruli xelmoweris gamoyenebiT.<br />
pirvel rigSi, giorgi adgens eleqtronul dokuments, romlisganac e. w. “haS funqciis” meSveobiT<br />
qmnis dokumentis cifrul arqivs (message digest, hush value). es ukanaskneli warmoadgens<br />
korespondenciis maTematikur variants. miRebul arqivs giorgi daSifravs daxuruli gasaRebis<br />
meSveobiT. gasaRebiT daSifruli arqivi, romelic igzavneba originalur dokumentTan erTad,<br />
warmoadgens cifrul <strong>xelmowera</strong>s. daviTi Ria gasaRebis meSveobiT, romelic misTvis winaswar aris<br />
cnobili, gaSifravs miRebul informacias, riTac imavdoulad adasturebs imas, rom arqivi<br />
daSifrulia im daxuruli gasaRebis meSveobiT, romelic giorgis kontrolis qveS imyofeba. amave<br />
dros daviTs SeuZlia Seamowmos, rom gamogzavnili informacia xelmoweris Semdeg ar Secvlila. am<br />
2009 წ., ირაკლი სოკოლოვსკი, იურისტი www.mkd.ge e-mail: info@mkd.ge
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