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7. Hidden Markov Models (Parte 2) (pdf, it, 413 KB, 4/28/10)

7. Hidden Markov Models (Parte 2) (pdf, it, 413 KB, 4/28/10)

7. Hidden Markov Models (Parte 2) (pdf, it, 413 KB, 4/28/10)

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Allineamento multiplo di sequenze:<br />

esempio<br />

• Si considerino CAEFDDH e CDAEFPDDH<br />

• Supponiamo che il nostro modello abbia lunghezza <strong>10</strong> e<br />

che i due cammini di v<strong>it</strong>erbi siano<br />

• M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, D5, D6, M7, M8, M9, M<strong>10</strong><br />

• M0, I1, M1, M2, M3, M4, D5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M<strong>10</strong><br />

• L’allineamento è calcolato allineando posizioni generate<br />

dallo stesso match state<br />

m 0 m 1 m 2 m 3 m 4 d 5 d 6 m 7 m 8 m 9 m 1 0<br />

C A E F D D H<br />

C D A E F P D D H<br />

m 0 m 1 i 1 m 2 m 3m 4 d 5 m 6m 7m 8m 9m 1 0<br />

0 m 1 i 1 1<br />

C – A E F – D D H<br />

C D A E F P D D H<br />

V<strong>it</strong>torio Murino Riconoscimento e Classificazione per la Bioinformatica 114<br />

114<br />

START<br />

Da V<strong>it</strong>erbi all’allineamento<br />

D D<br />

I I I<br />

A=.3<br />

G=.3<br />

C=.3<br />

T=.1<br />

A=.35<br />

G=.35<br />

T=.2<br />

C=.1<br />

Delete States<br />

If the path for a sequence S goes through one<br />

of these states, then a deletion has occurred in evolution,<br />

so we put a gap (dash) in the alignment for S<br />

Insert States<br />

If the path for a sequence S goes through one of these<br />

states, then we just put the letter from S at that pos<strong>it</strong>ion,<br />

but the other sequences in the MSA get a gap<br />

Match States<br />

If the path for a sequence S goes through one of<br />

these states, then we just put the letter from S at<br />

that pos<strong>it</strong>ion in the alignment for S.<br />

V<strong>it</strong>torio Murino Riconoscimento e Classificazione per la Bioinformatica 115<br />

115<br />

34

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