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Scripta MEDICA<br />

<strong>Le</strong> <strong>manifestazioni</strong> <strong>ematologiche</strong> <strong>della</strong> <strong>sindrome</strong> <strong>da</strong> immunodeficienza acquisita<br />

113<br />

A questo proposito sembra che in vivo l’interazione<br />

delle MVEC, infettate <strong>da</strong>l HIV, con<br />

altre cellule stromali può indurre l’espressione<br />

<strong>della</strong> molecola di adesione VCAM-1 e<br />

creare quindi un microambiente che favorisce<br />

l’adesione e proliferazione delle cellule B<br />

maligne.<br />

In conclusione si ritiene che nel soggetto<br />

infettato <strong>da</strong>l virus HIV, a seguito di vari eventi<br />

combinati, come la immunodeficienza<br />

generalizzata, la stimolazione cronica B cellulare,<br />

la diminuita sorveglianza immunologica<br />

nei confronti delle neoplasie e la coinfezione<br />

con virus oncogeni, si instaura una<br />

condizione favorevole alla trasformazione<br />

maligna e proliferazione delle cellule B, che<br />

non sono direttamente infettate <strong>da</strong>l virus<br />

HIV, e che questo meccanismo multifattoriale<br />

sia responsabile dell’elevata incidenza dei<br />

LNH-AIDS associati nell’ambito di una<br />

popolazione HIV-1 infettata.<br />

Inoltre si prospetta la possibilità che l’infezione<br />

<strong>da</strong> HIV delle cellule stromali non maligne,<br />

in particolare delle celule endoteliali<br />

microvascolari (MEVC), abbia un ruolo<br />

determinante nel favorire lo sviluppo e proliferazione<br />

di questi linfomi non-Hodgkin<br />

nelle sedi extrano<strong>da</strong>li attraverso alterazioni<br />

del microambiente e una disregolazione di<br />

citochine.<br />

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